4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Language-Specific
34 =item Platform-Specific
58 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
68 =item Running Perl programs
70 =item Basic syntax overview
72 =item Perl variable types
74 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
76 =item Variable scoping
78 =item Conditional and looping constructs
80 if, while, for, foreach
82 =item Builtin operators and functions
84 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
89 =item Regular expressions
91 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
92 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
94 =item Writing subroutines
98 =item Using Perl modules
106 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11
115 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
117 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
121 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
123 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
125 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
127 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
129 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
131 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
133 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
137 =item About the perlfaq documents
141 =item Where to get the perlfaq
143 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
145 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
152 =item Author and Copyright Information
156 =item Bundled Distributions
164 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
165 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
166 Initial Release: 11/March/97
170 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
178 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
188 =item Simple statements
190 =item Compound statements
198 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
202 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
204 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
210 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
224 =item Scalar value constructors
226 =item List value constructors
230 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
238 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
248 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
250 =item The Arrow Operator
252 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
256 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
258 =item Binding Operators
260 =item Multiplicative Operators
262 =item Additive Operators
264 =item Shift Operators
266 =item Named Unary Operators
268 =item Relational Operators
270 =item Equality Operators
274 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
276 =item C-style Logical And
278 =item C-style Logical Or
280 =item Range Operators
282 =item Conditional Operator
284 =item Assignment Operators
288 =item List Operators (Rightward)
294 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
296 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
298 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
300 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
302 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
304 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
305 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
306 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
307 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
309 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
311 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
312 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
313 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
314 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
319 =item Constant Folding
321 =item Bitwise String Operators
323 =item Integer Arithmetic
325 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
333 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
343 =item Private Variables via my()
345 =item Persistent Private Variables
347 =item Temporary Values via local()
349 =item Lvalue subroutines
351 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
353 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
355 =item When to Still Use local()
357 =item Pass by Reference
361 =item Constant Functions
363 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
367 =item Subroutine Attributes
375 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
383 =item Perl Functions by Category
385 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
386 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
387 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
388 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
389 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
390 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
391 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
392 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
393 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
394 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
399 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
401 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
402 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
403 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
404 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
405 chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr
406 NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir
407 DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt
408 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR,
409 defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR,
410 dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
411 BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
412 fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
413 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
414 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
415 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
416 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
417 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
418 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
419 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
420 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
421 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
422 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
423 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
424 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
425 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
426 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc,
427 lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
428 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log,
429 lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK,
430 mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
431 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES,
432 next LABEL, next, no Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module
433 LIST, no Module, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
434 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
435 FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord
436 EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
437 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
438 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
439 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
440 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
441 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
442 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
443 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
444 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
445 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
446 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
447 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
448 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
449 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
450 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
451 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
452 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
453 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
454 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
455 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
456 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
457 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
458 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
459 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
460 study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr
461 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
462 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
463 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
464 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
465 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
466 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
467 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
468 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
469 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
470 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
471 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
472 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
473 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
474 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
480 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
486 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
494 =item Making References
496 =item Using References
514 =item Distribution Conditions
520 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
526 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
527 more elaborate constructs
531 =item COMMON MISTAKES
533 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
535 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
541 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
545 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
547 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
549 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
553 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
557 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
559 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
561 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
565 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
569 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
571 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
573 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
577 =item HASHES OF HASHES
581 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
583 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
585 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
589 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
593 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
595 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
597 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
609 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
619 =item Simple word matching
621 =item Using character classes
623 =item Matching this or that
625 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
627 =item Extracting matches
629 =item Matching repetitions
633 =item Search and replace
635 =item The split operator
643 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
647 =item Acknowledgments
653 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
661 =item Ordinary Paragraph
663 =item Verbatim Paragraph
665 =item Command Paragraph
667 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
668 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
669 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
670 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
672 =item Formatting Codes
674 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
675 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
676 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
677 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
678 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
679 (zero-effect) formatting code
683 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
685 =item Hints for Writing Pod
695 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
702 =item Pod Definitions
706 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
707 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
709 =item Pod Formatting Codes
711 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
712 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
713 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
714 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
715 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
716 contains non-breaking spaces
718 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
720 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
722 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
724 =item About =over...=back Regions
726 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
734 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
742 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
760 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
762 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
763 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
764 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
765 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
767 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
769 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
770 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
771 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
775 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
777 =item Numerical Traps
779 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
781 =item General data type traps
783 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
784 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
786 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
788 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
790 =item Precedence Traps
792 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
795 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
797 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
798 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
801 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
803 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
809 =item Interpolation Traps
811 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
812 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
818 =item Unclassified Traps
820 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
827 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
837 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
839 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
841 =item Location of Perl
843 =item Command Switches
845 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
846 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
847 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
848 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
849 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
850 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
851 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
857 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
858 :perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
859 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
860 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port),
861 SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
865 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
873 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
881 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
883 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
885 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
889 =item Backward Compatibility
891 =item Category Hierarchy
895 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
907 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
915 =item Looking at data and -w and v
919 =item Stepping through code
921 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
923 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
941 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
947 =item The Perl Debugger
951 =item Debugger Commands
953 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
954 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
955 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
956 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
957 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
958 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
959 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
960 command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
961 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, @ file, H -number, q or
962 ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage]
964 =item Configurable Options
966 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
967 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
968 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
969 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
970 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
971 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
974 =item Debugger input/output
976 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
979 =item Debugging compile-time statements
981 =item Debugger Customization
983 =item Readline Support
985 =item Editor Support for Debugging
987 =item The Perl Profiler
991 =item Debugging regular expressions
993 =item Debugging memory usage
1001 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1009 =item Predefined Names
1011 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1012 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1013 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1014 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1015 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1016 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1017 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1018 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1019 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1020 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1021 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1022 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1023 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1024 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1025 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1026 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1027 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1028 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1029 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1030 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1031 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1032 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1033 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1034 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1035 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1036 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1037 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1038 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1039 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1040 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1042 =item Error Indicators
1044 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1052 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1060 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1062 =item Growing Your Own
1064 =item Access and Printing
1076 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1082 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1090 =item The Minus File
1092 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1098 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1102 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1106 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1110 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1112 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1114 =item Paths as Opens
1116 =item Single Argument Open
1118 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1122 =item Other I/O Issues
1126 =item Opening Non-File Files
1136 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1142 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1148 =item The Basic Principle
1152 =item Packing Numbers
1158 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1160 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1162 =item Floating point Numbers
1166 =item Exotic Templates
1178 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1182 =item Lengths and Widths
1186 =item String Lengths
1188 =item Dynamic Templates
1192 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1196 =item The Alignment Pit
1198 =item Alignment, Take 2
1200 =item Alignment, Take 3
1202 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1208 =item Funnies Section
1214 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1220 =item Part 1: The basics
1224 =item Simple word matching
1226 =item Using character classes
1228 =item Matching this or that
1230 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1232 =item Extracting matches
1234 =item Matching repetitions
1236 =item Building a regexp
1238 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1242 =item Part 2: Power tools
1246 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1248 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1250 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1252 =item Non-capturing groupings
1254 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1256 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1258 =item Conditional expressions
1260 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1262 =item Pragmas and debugging
1270 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1274 =item Acknowledgments
1280 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1290 =item Regular Expressions
1292 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1294 =item Extended Patterns
1296 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1297 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1298 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1299 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1303 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1305 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1307 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1309 =item Combining pieces together
1311 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1312 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1313 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1314 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1316 =item Creating custom RE engines
1326 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1336 =item Making References
1338 =item Using References
1340 =item Symbolic references
1342 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1344 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1346 =item Function Templates
1356 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1364 =item Format Variables
1374 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1382 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1390 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1392 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1394 =item Invoking a barnyard
1396 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1398 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1400 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1402 =item A few notes about @ISA
1404 =item Overriding the methods
1406 =item Starting the search from a different place
1408 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1410 =item Where we're at so far...
1412 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1414 =item Invoking an instance method
1416 =item Accessing the instance data
1418 =item How to build a horse
1420 =item Inheriting the constructor
1422 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1424 =item Adding parameters to a method
1426 =item More interesting instances
1428 =item A horse of a different color
1440 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1446 =item Creating a Class
1450 =item Object Representation
1452 =item Class Interface
1454 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1456 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1460 =item Other Object Methods
1468 =item Accessing Class Data
1470 =item Debugging Methods
1472 =item Class Destructors
1474 =item Documenting the Interface
1484 =item Overridden Methods
1486 =item Multiple Inheritance
1488 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1492 =item Alternate Object Representations
1496 =item Arrays as Objects
1498 =item Closures as Objects
1502 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1506 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1508 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1512 =item Metaclassical Tools
1518 =item Data Members as Variables
1526 =item Object Terminology
1532 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1538 =item Acknowledgments
1544 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1550 =item Class Data in a Can
1552 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1556 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1558 =item Inheritance Concerns
1560 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1562 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1564 =item Monadic Classes
1566 =item Translucent Attributes
1570 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1574 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1576 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1578 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1580 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1582 =item Translucency Revisited
1590 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1592 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1598 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1606 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1608 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1610 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1612 =item Method Invocation
1614 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1616 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1618 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1624 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1632 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1638 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1640 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1642 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1644 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1646 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1648 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1650 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1652 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1654 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1656 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1662 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1674 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1679 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1680 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1681 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1682 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1687 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1688 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1689 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1691 =item Tying FileHandles
1693 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1694 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1699 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1711 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1712 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1722 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
1730 =item Deferred Signals
1732 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals
1733 triggered by operating system state
1737 =item Using open() for IPC
1743 =item Background Processes
1745 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1747 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1749 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1751 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1755 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1759 =item Internet Line Terminators
1761 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1763 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1767 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1771 =item A Simple Client
1773 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1775 =item A Webget Client
1777 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1781 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1783 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1785 =item UDP: Message Passing
1799 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1809 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1811 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1812 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1813 files, directories and network sockets
1815 =item Resource limits
1817 =item Killing the parent process
1819 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1821 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1823 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1824 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1825 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1837 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1845 =item Storing numbers
1847 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1849 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1851 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1852 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1853 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1862 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1870 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1872 =item Threaded Program Models
1884 =item Native threads
1886 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
1888 =item Threadsafe Modules
1894 =item Basic Thread Support
1896 =item Creating Threads
1898 =item Giving up control
1900 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1902 =item Ignoring A Thread
1906 =item Threads And Data
1910 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1912 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
1916 =item Synchronization and control
1920 =item Controlling access: lock()
1922 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1924 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1926 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1928 =item Basic semaphores
1930 =item Advanced Semaphores
1932 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
1936 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1940 =item What Thread Am I In?
1944 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1946 =item What Threads Are Running?
1950 =item A Complete Example
1952 =item Performance considerations
1954 =item Threadsafety of System Libraries
1962 =item Introductory Texts
1964 =item OS-Related References
1966 =item Other References
1970 =item Acknowledgements
1978 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1984 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1986 =item Threaded Program Models
1998 =item Native threads
2000 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2002 =item Threadsafe Modules
2008 =item Basic Thread Support
2010 =item Creating Threads
2012 =item Giving up control
2014 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2016 =item Errors In Threads
2018 =item Ignoring A Thread
2022 =item Threads And Data
2026 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2028 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2030 =item Controlling access: lock()
2032 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2034 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2038 =item Threads And Code
2042 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2044 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
2046 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
2048 =item Subroutine Locks
2052 =item Locking A Subroutine
2056 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2060 =item What Thread Am I In?
2064 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2066 =item What Threads Are Running?
2070 =item A Complete Example
2078 =item Introductory Texts
2080 =item OS-Related References
2082 =item Other References
2086 =item Acknowledgements
2094 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2100 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2109 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2111 =item Files and Filesystems
2113 =item System Interaction
2115 =item Command names versus file pathnames
2117 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2119 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2121 =item Standard Modules
2125 =item Character sets and character encoding
2127 =item Internationalisation
2129 =item System Resources
2139 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2140 http://testers.cpan.org/
2148 =item DOS and Derivatives
2156 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2164 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2168 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2170 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2171 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2172 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2173 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2174 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2175 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2176 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2177 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2178 getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
2179 setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
2180 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob
2181 EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
2182 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
2183 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
2184 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
2185 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
2186 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2187 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2188 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2189 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2190 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2191 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2192 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2193 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2194 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2200 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2201 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2202 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2203 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2204 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2205 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2207 =item Supported Platforms
2211 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2215 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2222 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2228 =item The use locale pragma
2230 =item The setlocale function
2232 =item Finding locales
2234 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2236 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2238 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2240 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2242 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2244 =item The localeconv function
2246 =item I18N::Langinfo
2250 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2254 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2256 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2258 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2260 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2264 =item Other categories
2272 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2273 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2279 =item Backward compatibility
2281 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2283 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2285 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2287 =item Freely available locale definitions
2291 =item An imperfect standard
2295 =item Unicode and UTF-8
2301 =item Broken systems
2311 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2321 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2323 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2325 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
2327 =item Creating Unicode
2329 =item Handling Unicode
2331 =item Legacy Encodings
2335 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2339 =item Advanced Topics
2343 =item Questions With Answers
2345 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2347 =item Further Resources
2351 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2355 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
2357 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2361 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2369 =item Important Caveats
2371 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2372 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2374 =item Byte and Character Semantics
2376 =item Effects of Character Semantics
2382 =item User-Defined Character Properties
2384 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
2386 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
2388 =item Unicode Encodings
2390 =item Security Implications of Unicode
2392 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2396 =item Using Unicode in XS
2404 =item Interaction with Locales
2406 =item Interaction with Extensions
2416 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2422 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2430 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2434 =item 13 variant characters
2442 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
2444 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
2446 =item Unicode and UTF
2452 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2454 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2456 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2470 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2472 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2474 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2476 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2484 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2486 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2488 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2490 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2494 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2498 =item URL decoding and encoding
2500 =item uu encoding and decoding
2502 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2504 =item Caesarian ciphers
2508 =item Hashing order and checksums
2512 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2524 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2544 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2552 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2554 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2556 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2560 =item Protecting Your Programs
2570 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2582 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2588 =item Making your module threadsafe
2596 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2606 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2607 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2621 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2627 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2631 =item Pragmatic Modules
2633 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes,
2634 charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer,
2635 less, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs,
2636 threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
2638 =item Standard Modules
2640 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2641 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2642 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2643 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2644 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2645 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2646 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2647 Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2648 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant,
2649 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2650 ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
2651 ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
2652 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2653 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2654 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2655 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
2656 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
2657 File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2658 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::NW5, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2659 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
2660 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
2661 I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2,
2662 IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
2663 Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13,
2664 Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2665 Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
2666 Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
2667 Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2668 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2669 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2670 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2671 PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html,
2672 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils,
2673 Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2674 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, Pod::t::basic,
2675 SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket,
2676 Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
2677 Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
2678 Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple,
2679 Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2680 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
2681 Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2682 Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
2683 Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate,
2684 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2686 =item Extension Modules
2698 =item Central America
2710 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2714 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2716 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2718 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2726 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2732 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2736 =item Before you start
2744 =item Release considerations
2748 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2752 =item Has it been done before?
2754 =item Do one thing and do it well
2756 =item What's in a name?
2760 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2764 =item To OO or not to OO?
2766 =item Designing your API
2768 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2769 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2772 =item Strictness and warnings
2774 =item Backwards compatibility
2776 =item Error handling and messages
2780 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2786 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2790 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2794 =item Version numbering
2796 =item Pre-requisites
2806 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2810 =item Reinventing the wheel
2812 =item Trying to do too much
2814 =item Inappropriate documentation
2820 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2821 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2827 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2837 =item What should I make into a module?
2839 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2841 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2843 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2845 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2846 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2847 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2849 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2851 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2852 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2862 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
2863 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $)
2873 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2875 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2877 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2879 =item What is perl6?
2881 =item How stable is Perl?
2883 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2885 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2888 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2890 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2892 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2894 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2896 =item What is a JAPH?
2898 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2900 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2901 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
2905 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2909 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $,
2910 $Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $)
2918 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2920 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2922 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2924 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2927 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2928 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2930 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2931 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2933 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2935 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2937 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2939 =item Where should I post source code?
2943 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2945 =item Perl in Magazines
2947 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2949 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2951 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2953 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2955 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2957 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
2961 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2965 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2002/05/06
2974 =item How do I do (anything)?
2976 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2978 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2980 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2982 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2984 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2986 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2988 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2990 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2992 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
2993 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2994 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2996 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2998 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
3000 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
3002 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
3004 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
3006 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
3008 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
3010 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
3011 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
3013 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
3015 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
3017 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
3019 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
3021 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
3023 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
3025 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
3027 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
3029 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
3031 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
3033 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
3035 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
3037 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
3038 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
3040 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
3042 =item What's MakeMaker?
3046 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3050 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.24 $, $Date: 2002/05/20
3061 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
3062 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
3064 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
3066 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
3069 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
3071 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
3072 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
3073 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
3074 from decimal to binary
3076 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
3078 =item How do I multiply matrices?
3080 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
3082 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
3084 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
3086 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
3094 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
3096 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
3098 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
3100 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
3102 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
3104 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
3106 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
3114 =item How do I validate input?
3116 =item How do I unescape a string?
3118 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
3120 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
3122 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
3124 =item How do I reverse a string?
3126 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
3128 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
3130 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
3132 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
3134 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
3137 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
3139 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
3140 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
3142 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3144 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3146 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3148 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3150 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3152 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3154 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3156 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3157 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3166 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3168 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3170 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3174 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3177 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3178 intersection of two arrays?
3180 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3182 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3184 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3186 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3188 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3190 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3192 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3194 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3196 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3198 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3200 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3204 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3208 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3210 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3213 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3215 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3217 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3219 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3221 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3223 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3225 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3227 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3229 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3231 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3233 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3236 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3237 array of hashes or arrays?
3239 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3247 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3249 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3251 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3253 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3255 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3257 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3259 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3263 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3267 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2002/05/23
3276 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3278 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3279 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3281 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3283 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3285 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3287 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3288 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3290 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3292 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3294 =item How can I write() into a string?
3296 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3298 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3300 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3302 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3304 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3306 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3308 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3310 =item How can I lock a file?
3312 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3314 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3315 the file. How can I do this?
3317 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3318 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3320 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3322 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3324 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3326 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3328 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3330 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3332 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3334 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3336 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3338 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3340 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3342 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
3343 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3345 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3347 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3348 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3350 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3352 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3356 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3360 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.11 $, $Date: 2002/05/23
3369 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3370 and unmaintainable code?
3372 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3374 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3376 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3379 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3381 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3384 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3386 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3388 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3390 =item What is C</o> really for?
3392 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3395 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3397 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3399 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3401 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3403 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3405 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3407 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3409 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3411 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3413 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3415 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3417 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3419 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3423 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3427 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
3428 2002/03/26 15:48:32 $)
3436 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3438 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3441 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3444 =item How do I skip some return values?
3446 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3448 =item What's an extension?
3450 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3452 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3454 =item How do I create a module?
3456 =item How do I create a class?
3458 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3460 =item What's a closure?
3462 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3464 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3467 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3470 =item How do I create a static variable?
3472 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3473 Between local() and my()?
3475 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3478 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3480 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3482 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3484 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3486 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3488 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3490 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3492 =item How can I find out my current package?
3494 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3496 =item How do I clear a package?
3498 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3502 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3506 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/05/16
3515 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3517 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3519 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3521 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3523 =item How do I print something out in color?
3525 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3527 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3529 =item How do I clear the screen?
3531 =item How do I get the screen size?
3533 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3535 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3537 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3539 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3541 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3543 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3545 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3547 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3549 =item How do I set the time and date?
3551 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3553 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3555 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3557 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3558 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3560 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3562 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3564 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3566 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3568 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3570 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3572 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3574 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3576 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3578 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3581 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3583 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3585 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3587 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3590 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3591 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3592 changes to be visible?
3596 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3599 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3601 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3603 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3605 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3607 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3609 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3611 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3613 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3615 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3617 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3619 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3621 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3624 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3626 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3630 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3634 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13
3643 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3645 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3648 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3650 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3652 =item How do I extract URLs?
3654 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3655 file on another machine?
3657 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3659 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3661 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3663 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3665 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3667 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3669 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3671 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3672 CGI script to do bad things?
3674 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3676 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3678 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3680 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3682 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3684 =item How do I send mail?
3686 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3688 =item How do I read mail?
3690 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3692 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3694 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3696 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3700 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3704 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3714 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3718 =item Using The Back Ends
3722 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3726 =item The Decompiling Back End
3728 =item The Lint Back End
3730 =item The Simple C Back End
3732 =item The Bytecode Back End
3734 =item The Optimized C Back End
3738 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3740 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3741 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3742 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3744 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3750 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3760 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3761 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3765 =item Compiling your C program
3767 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3769 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3771 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3773 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3775 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3777 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3779 =item Execution of END blocks
3781 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3783 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3788 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3798 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3804 =item Debugger Internals
3808 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3812 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3814 =item Debugging regular expressions
3818 =item Compile-time output
3820 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3821 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3822 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3825 =item Types of nodes
3827 =item Run-time output
3831 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3835 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3837 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3838 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3841 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3843 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3845 =item B<-DL> details
3849 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3857 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3869 =item Version caveat
3871 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3883 =item What has gone on?
3885 =item Writing good test scripts
3889 =item What's new here?
3891 =item Input and Output Parameters
3893 =item The XSUBPP Program
3895 =item The TYPEMAP file
3897 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3901 =item What has happened here?
3903 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3905 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3907 =item More about XSUB arguments
3909 =item The Argument Stack
3911 =item Extending your Extension
3913 =item Documenting your Extension
3915 =item Installing your Extension
3919 =item New Things in this Example
3923 =item New Things in this Example
3925 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3927 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3929 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
3931 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3947 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3959 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3961 =item The Argument Stack
3963 =item The RETVAL Variable
3965 =item The MODULE Keyword
3967 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3969 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3971 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3973 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3975 =item The CODE: Keyword
3977 =item The INIT: Keyword
3979 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3981 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3983 =item Default Parameter Values
3985 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3987 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3989 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3991 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3993 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
3995 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3997 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3999 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4001 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4003 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4005 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4007 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4009 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4011 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4013 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4015 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4017 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4019 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4021 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4023 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4025 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4027 =item The CASE: Keyword
4029 =item The & Unary Operator
4031 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4033 =item Using XS With C++
4035 =item Interface Strategy
4037 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4041 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4043 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4055 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4065 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4067 =item File Operations
4069 =item File Input and Output
4071 =item File Positioning
4073 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4075 =item Character Class Tests
4077 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4079 =item Miscellaneous functions
4087 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4099 =item What is an "IV"?
4101 =item Working with SVs
4105 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4107 =item Working with AVs
4109 =item Working with HVs
4111 =item Hash API Extensions
4115 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4117 =item Creating New Variables
4119 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4121 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4123 =item Stashes and Globs
4125 =item Double-Typed SVs
4127 =item Magic Variables
4129 =item Assigning Magic
4131 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4135 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4137 =item Localizing changes
4139 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4140 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4141 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4142 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4143 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4144 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4145 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4146 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4147 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4148 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4156 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4158 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4160 =item Memory Allocation
4164 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4168 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4178 =item Examining the tree
4180 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4182 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4184 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4186 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4188 =item Pluggable runops
4192 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4194 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4198 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4200 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4202 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4204 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4206 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4210 =item Internal Functions
4212 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4216 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4218 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4220 =item Source Documentation
4224 =item Unicode Support
4228 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4230 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4232 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4234 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4236 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4238 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4242 =item Custom Operators
4250 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4256 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4258 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4260 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4280 =item Determining the Context
4284 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4290 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4292 =item Passing Parameters
4294 =item Returning a Scalar
4296 =item Returning a list of values
4298 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4300 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4304 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4308 =item Using call_argv
4310 =item Using call_method
4314 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4316 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4318 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4319 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4322 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4324 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4336 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4346 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4347 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4348 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4349 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4353 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4355 =item Administration
4357 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4361 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4362 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4370 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4380 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4382 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4384 B<Decryption Filters>
4386 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4388 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4390 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4402 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4410 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4411 B<filter_fetch_value>
4417 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4419 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4429 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4435 =item "Gimme" Values
4437 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4439 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4441 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4442 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4443 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4445 =item Callback Functions
4447 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4448 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4450 =item Character classes
4452 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4454 =item Cloning an interpreter
4458 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4460 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4462 =item Embedding Functions
4464 load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
4465 perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4467 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4469 pack_cat, unpack_str
4471 =item Global Variables
4473 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4477 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4478 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4482 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4484 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4486 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4487 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4488 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4489 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
4490 hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4492 =item Magical Functions
4494 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4495 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4496 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4498 =item Memory Management
4500 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4501 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4503 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4505 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
4506 strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
4508 =item Numeric functions
4510 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4513 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4515 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4517 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4519 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4520 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4521 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4522 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4523 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4527 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4529 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4531 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4532 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4533 new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4534 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx,
4535 SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
4536 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4537 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4538 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4539 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX,
4540 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4541 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4542 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK,
4543 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
4544 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4545 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4546 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4547 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4548 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm,
4549 sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4550 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4551 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4552 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing,
4553 sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte,
4554 sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags,
4555 sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4556 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4557 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg,
4558 sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
4559 sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
4560 sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags,
4561 sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode,
4562 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags,
4563 sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4565 =item Unicode Support
4567 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4568 pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case,
4569 to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr,
4570 utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes,
4571 utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
4573 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4575 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4576 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4578 =item Warning and Dieing
4588 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4595 =item Global Variables
4597 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4608 =item Pad Data Structures
4612 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4616 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4618 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4626 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4636 =item History and Background
4638 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4640 =item Data Structures
4642 =item Functions and Attributes
4644 =item Per-instance Data
4646 =item Layers in action.
4648 =item Per-instance flag bits
4650 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4651 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4652 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4653 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4655 =item Methods in Detail
4657 name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, PERLIO_K_FASTGETS,
4658 PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, PERLIO_K_RAW, Pushed, Popped, Open, Getarg, Fileno, Dup,
4659 Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, Error, Clearerr,
4660 Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, Set_ptrcnt
4664 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4666 =item Extension Layers
4668 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Via"
4676 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4684 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4685 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4686 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4687 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4688 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4689 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4690 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4691 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4692 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4693 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4694 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4698 =item Co-existence with stdio
4700 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4701 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4703 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4705 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4706 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4707 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4708 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4710 =item Other Functions
4712 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4713 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4719 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4725 =item To do during 5.6.x
4729 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4731 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4733 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4735 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4737 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4741 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4743 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
4745 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4747 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4749 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4751 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4753 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4755 =item Complete signal handling
4757 =item Out-of-source builds
4759 =item POSIX realtime support
4761 =item UNIX98 support
4765 =item Long double conversion
4769 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4771 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4773 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4775 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4777 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
4779 =item Custom opcodes
4781 =item DLL Versioning
4783 =item Introduce @( and @)
4785 =item Floating point handling
4787 =item IV/UV preservation
4789 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4791 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4793 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4795 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4797 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4799 =item Document Win32 choices
4801 =item Check new modules
4803 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4807 =item To do at some point
4811 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4813 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4815 =item bitfields in pack
4817 =item Cross compilation
4819 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4821 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4823 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4825 =item -i rename file when changed
4827 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4829 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4831 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4833 =item my sub foo { }
4835 =item One-pass global destruction
4837 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4839 =item Cache recently used regexps
4841 =item Cross-compilation support
4843 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4845 =item debugger pragma
4847 =item use less pragma
4849 =item switch structures
4851 =item Cache eval tree
4855 =item Shrink opcode tables
4857 =item Optimize away @_
4859 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4863 =item Prototype method calls
4865 =item Return context prototype declarations
4869 =item Garbage collection
4873 =item Rewrite perldoc
4875 =item Install .3p manpages
4877 =item Unicode tutorial
4879 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4881 =item Retargetable installation
4883 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4885 =item Rename Win32 headers
4887 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4889 =item Update sprintf documentation
4891 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4893 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4895 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
4897 =item Should overload be inheritable?
4907 =item ref() in list context
4909 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4911 =item Compile to real threaded code
4913 =item Structured types
4915 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4917 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4921 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4925 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4927 =item Constant function cache
4929 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4937 =item Update guts documentation
4939 =item Add more tests
4941 =item Update auxiliary tools
4943 =item Create debugging macros
4945 =item truncate to the people
4947 =item Unicode in Filenames
4951 =item Recently done things
4955 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4957 =item Safe signal handling
4963 =item setitimer and getimiter
4965 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4967 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4969 =item Explicit switch statements
4977 =item perlcc to produce executable
4979 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4981 =item Secure temporary file module
4983 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4985 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4987 =item Mmap for input
4989 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4991 =item Add sockatmark support
4993 =item Mailing list archives
4997 =item Integrate MacPerl
4999 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5001 =item Regular expression tutorial
5003 =item Debugging Tutorial
5005 =item Integrate new modules
5007 =item Integrate profiler
5009 =item Y2K error detection
5011 =item Regular expression debugger
5015 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5017 =item Cache precompiled modules
5021 =item Deprecated Wishes
5025 =item Loop control on do{}
5027 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5033 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5035 =item Named prototypes
5037 =item Built-in globbing
5039 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5041 =item Cached hash values
5043 =item Add compression modules
5045 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5047 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5049 =item Make XS easier to use
5051 =item Make embedding easier to use
5055 =item my $Package::variable
5057 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5059 =item "class"-based lexicals
5063 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5065 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5067 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5069 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5075 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
5081 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
5082 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
5083 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
5084 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
5085 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
5086 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
5087 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
5091 =item Keeping in sync
5093 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
5094 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
5096 =item Why rsync the source tree
5098 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
5100 =item Why rsync the patches
5102 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
5103 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
5105 =item Perlbug remote interface
5107 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
5108 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
5110 =item Submitting patches
5112 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
5113 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
5115 =item Finding Your Way Around
5117 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
5119 =item Elements of the interpreter
5121 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
5123 =item Internal Variable Types
5129 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5131 =item Millions of Macros
5133 =item Poking at Perl
5135 =item Using a source-level debugger
5137 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5138 finish, 'enter', print
5140 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5144 =item Patching a core module
5146 =item Adding a new function to the core
5148 =item Writing a test
5150 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5151 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5153 =item Special Make Test Targets
5155 coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third
5156 ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8
5160 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5164 =item Rational Software's Purify
5166 =item Purify on Unix
5168 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5172 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5174 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5176 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5180 =item Gprof Profiling
5182 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5184 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5186 =item Pixie Profiling
5188 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5191 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5195 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5203 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5211 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5223 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5225 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5229 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5237 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5239 =item Incompatible Changes
5243 =item Binary Incompatibility
5245 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5247 =item AIX Dynaloading
5249 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time.
5251 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5253 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5255 =item New Unicode Properties
5257 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5259 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5265 =item Core Enhancements
5269 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5271 =item Restricted Hashes
5275 =item Unicode Overhaul
5277 =item Understanding of Numbers
5279 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5283 =item Modules and Pragmata
5287 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5289 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5293 =item Utility Changes
5295 =item New Documentation
5297 =item Performance Enhancements
5299 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5303 =item Generic Improvements
5305 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5309 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5313 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5317 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5319 =item Changed Internals
5321 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5325 =item Known Problems
5331 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
5335 =item ext/threads/t/libc
5337 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO8859-15 Locales
5339 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
5341 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5343 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5345 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5347 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
5349 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5351 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
5355 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5361 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
5363 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5375 =item XML::Parser not working
5379 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5381 =item Self-tying Problems
5383 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5385 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5387 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
5389 =item The Long Double Support Is Still Experimental
5391 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5395 =item Reporting Bugs
5403 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5409 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5411 =item Incompatible Changes
5415 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5417 =item AIX Dynaloading
5419 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5421 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5427 =item Core Enhancements
5429 =item Modules and Pragmata
5433 =item New Modules and Distributions
5435 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5439 =item Utility Changes
5441 =item New Documentation
5443 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5447 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5449 =item Generic Improvements
5453 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5457 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5461 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5463 =item Source Code Enhancements
5467 =item MAGIC constants
5469 =item Better commented code
5471 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5479 =item Known Problems
5485 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5487 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5489 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5491 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5493 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5495 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5499 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5501 =item Failure of Thread tests
5511 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5513 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5515 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5517 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5519 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5521 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5525 =item Reporting Bugs
5533 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5539 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5541 =item Incompatible Changes
5543 =item Core Enhancements
5547 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5549 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5551 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5555 =item Modules and Pragmata
5561 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5565 =item Performance Enhancements
5567 =item Utility Changes
5569 =item New Documentation
5585 =item README.solaris
5589 =item Porting/repository.pod
5593 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5597 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5599 =item Generic Improvements
5601 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5602 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5603 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5607 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5611 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5615 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5617 =item Changed Internals
5621 =item Known Problems
5625 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5627 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5629 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5631 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5635 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5637 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5639 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5641 =item Failure of Thread tests
5643 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5645 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5647 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5649 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5653 =item Reporting Bugs
5661 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5667 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5669 =item Incompatible Changes
5671 =item Core Enhancements
5673 =item Modules and Pragmata
5679 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5683 =item Utility Changes
5685 =item New Documentation
5687 =item Performance Enhancements
5689 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5693 =item Generic Improvements
5697 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5701 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5705 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5707 =item Changed Internals
5709 =item Known Problems
5713 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5715 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5717 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5719 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5721 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5723 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5725 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5727 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5729 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5731 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5735 =item Reporting Bugs
5743 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5749 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5753 =item Security Issues
5755 =item Core bug fixes
5757 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5758 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5759 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5760 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5761 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5762 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5767 =item Configuration issues
5771 =item Bundled modules
5773 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5774 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5775 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5776 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5778 =item Platform-specific improvements
5780 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5784 =item Core Enhancements
5788 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5790 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5792 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5794 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5796 =item "our" declarations
5798 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5800 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5802 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5804 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5806 =item open() with more than two arguments
5808 =item 64-bit support
5810 =item Large file support
5816 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5818 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5820 =item File globbing implemented internally
5822 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5824 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5826 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5828 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5830 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5832 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5834 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5836 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5838 =item Comments in pack() templates
5840 =item Weak references
5842 =item Binary numbers supported
5844 =item Lvalue subroutines
5846 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5848 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5850 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5852 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5854 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5856 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5858 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5860 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5862 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5864 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5866 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5868 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5870 =item Improved diagnostics
5872 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5874 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5876 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5878 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5880 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5882 =item Improved security features
5884 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5886 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5888 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5890 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5892 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5894 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5896 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5900 =item Modules and Pragmata
5906 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5907 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5908 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5909 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5910 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5911 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5912 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5913 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5919 =item Utility Changes
5933 =item The Perl Debugger
5937 =item Improved Documentation
5939 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5940 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5941 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5942 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5944 =item Performance enhancements
5948 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5950 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5952 =item Faster subroutine calls
5954 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5958 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5962 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5964 =item New Configure flags
5966 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5972 =item -Duselargefiles
5974 =item installusrbinperl
5980 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5982 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
5986 =item Platform specific changes
5990 =item Supported platforms
5994 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6002 =item Significant bug fixes
6006 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6008 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6010 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6012 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6014 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6016 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6018 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6020 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6022 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6024 =item Locale bugs fixed
6028 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6030 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6032 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6034 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6038 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6040 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6041 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6042 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6043 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6044 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6045 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6046 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6047 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6048 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6049 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6050 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6051 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6052 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6053 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6054 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6055 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6056 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6057 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6058 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6059 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6060 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6061 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6062 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6063 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6064 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6065 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6066 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6067 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6068 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6069 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6070 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6071 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6072 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6073 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6074 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6075 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6076 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6077 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6078 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6079 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6080 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6081 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6082 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6083 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6084 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6085 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6086 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6087 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6088 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6089 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6093 =item Incompatible Changes
6097 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6099 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6100 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6101 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6102 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6103 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6104 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6105 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6106 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6107 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6108 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6109 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6111 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6113 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6115 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6117 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6119 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6123 =item Known Problems
6127 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6129 =item Known test failures
6131 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6133 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6135 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6137 =item Experimental features
6139 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6140 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6141 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6145 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6147 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6148 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6149 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6150 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6152 =item Reporting Bugs
6160 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6166 =item Core Enhancements
6170 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6172 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6174 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6176 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6178 =item "our" declarations
6180 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6182 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6184 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6186 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6188 =item open() with more than two arguments
6190 =item 64-bit support
6192 =item Large file support
6198 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6200 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6202 =item File globbing implemented internally
6204 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6206 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6208 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6210 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6212 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6214 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6216 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6218 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6220 =item Comments in pack() templates
6222 =item Weak references
6224 =item Binary numbers supported
6226 =item Lvalue subroutines
6228 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6230 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6232 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6234 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6236 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6238 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6240 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6242 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6244 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6246 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6248 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6250 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6252 =item Improved diagnostics
6254 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6256 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6258 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6260 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6262 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6264 =item Improved security features
6266 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6268 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6270 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6272 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6274 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6276 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6278 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6282 =item Modules and Pragmata
6288 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6289 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6290 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6291 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6292 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6293 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6294 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6295 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6301 =item Utility Changes
6315 =item The Perl Debugger
6319 =item Improved Documentation
6321 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6322 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6323 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6324 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6326 =item Performance enhancements
6330 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6332 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6334 =item Faster subroutine calls
6336 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6340 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6344 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6346 =item New Configure flags
6348 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6354 =item -Duselargefiles
6356 =item installusrbinperl
6362 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6366 =item Platform specific changes
6370 =item Supported platforms
6374 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6382 =item Significant bug fixes
6386 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6388 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6390 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6392 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6394 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6396 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6398 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6400 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6402 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6404 =item Locale bugs fixed
6408 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6410 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6412 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6414 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6418 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6420 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6421 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6422 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6423 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6424 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6425 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6426 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6427 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6428 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6429 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6430 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6431 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6432 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6433 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6434 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6435 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6436 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6437 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6438 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6439 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6440 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6441 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6442 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6443 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6444 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6445 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6446 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6447 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6448 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6449 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6450 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6451 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6452 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6453 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6454 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6455 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6456 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6457 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6458 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6459 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6460 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6461 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6462 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6463 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6464 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6465 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6466 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6467 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6468 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6469 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6473 =item Incompatible Changes
6477 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6479 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6480 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6481 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6482 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6483 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6484 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6485 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6486 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6487 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6488 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6489 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6491 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6493 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6495 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6497 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6499 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6503 =item Known Problems
6507 =item Thread test failures
6509 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6511 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6513 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6515 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6518 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6520 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6522 =item Experimental features
6524 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6525 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6526 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6530 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6532 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6533 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6534 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6535 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6537 =item Reporting Bugs
6545 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6551 =item About the new versioning system
6553 =item Incompatible Changes
6557 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6559 =item Default installation structure has changed
6561 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6563 =item C Source Compatibility
6565 =item Binary Compatibility
6567 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6569 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6583 =item Regular Expressions
6585 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6586 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6587 improvements, Incompatible changes
6589 =item Improved malloc()
6591 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6593 =item Reliable signals
6595 =item Reliable stack pointers
6597 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6601 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6603 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6605 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6607 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6609 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6611 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6613 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6615 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6617 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6619 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6621 =item Better locale support
6623 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6625 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6627 =item Extended support for exception handling
6629 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6631 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6633 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6635 =item New C<lock> keyword
6637 =item New C<qr//> operator
6639 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6641 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6643 =item Tied handles support is better
6645 =item 4th argument to substr
6647 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6649 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6651 =item <> now reads in records
6655 =item Supported Platforms
6661 =item Changes in existing support
6665 =item Modules and Pragmata
6671 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6672 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6673 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6675 =item Changes in existing modules
6677 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6678 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6682 =item Utility Changes
6684 =item Documentation Changes
6686 =item New Diagnostics
6688 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6689 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6690 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6691 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6692 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6693 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6694 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6695 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6696 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6697 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6698 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6699 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6700 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6701 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6702 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6703 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6704 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6706 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6708 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6709 temporary file, regexp too big
6711 =item Configuration Changes
6721 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
6727 =item Supported Environments
6733 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6735 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6737 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6739 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6741 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6743 =item More precise warnings
6745 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6747 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6749 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6751 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6753 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6755 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6757 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6759 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6761 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6763 =item Changes to tainting checks
6765 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6766 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6768 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6770 =item Embedding improvements
6772 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6774 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6776 =item New and changed syntax
6780 =item New and changed builtin constants
6784 =item New and changed builtin variables
6788 =item New and changed builtin functions
6790 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6791 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6792 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6793 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6794 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6796 =item New builtin methods
6798 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6800 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6802 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6803 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6805 =item Malloc enhancements
6807 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6809 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6813 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6829 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6830 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6836 =item Required Updates
6838 =item Installation directories
6840 =item Module information summary
6854 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6858 =item Utility Changes
6864 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6868 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6872 =item C Language API Changes
6874 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6877 =item Documentation Changes
6879 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6880 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6882 =item New Diagnostics
6884 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6885 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6886 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6887 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6888 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6889 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6890 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6891 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6892 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6893 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6894 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6895 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6896 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6897 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6898 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6899 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6900 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6901 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6902 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6903 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6904 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6905 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6906 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6907 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6908 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6918 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6926 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6930 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6932 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
6934 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
6936 =item Using Large Files with Perl
6942 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
6952 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
6962 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
6976 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
6978 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
6980 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
6982 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
6988 =item Accessing documentation
6992 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
6994 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
6996 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
6998 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7002 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7006 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7008 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7010 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7012 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7014 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7024 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7032 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7034 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7038 =item Contact Information
7040 =item Update 2002-05-30
7046 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7056 =item gzip on BS2000
7058 =item bison on BS2000
7060 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7062 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7064 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7066 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7068 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7070 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7072 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7106 =item Acknowledgements
7112 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7118 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7122 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7124 =item Cygwin Configuration
7126 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7130 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7134 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7136 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7138 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7139 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
7141 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7143 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7144 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7147 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7149 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7153 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7157 =item Warnings on Cygwin
7163 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7167 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7169 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7171 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
7175 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7177 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7179 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7180 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7182 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7190 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7202 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7206 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7208 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7210 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7212 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7222 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7232 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7236 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7238 =item Building Perl on DOS
7240 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7242 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7246 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7250 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7252 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7254 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7256 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7266 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7274 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7276 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7280 =item Editors on Epoc
7282 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7284 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7286 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7290 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7298 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7307 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7309 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7321 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7323 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7325 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7327 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7329 =item The GNU C Compiler
7331 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7333 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7335 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7337 =item Oracle on HP-UX
7339 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7341 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7343 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7345 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7349 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7357 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7365 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7373 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7382 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7384 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7386 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7388 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7398 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7412 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7418 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7424 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7432 =item Binary distribution from HP
7434 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7436 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7438 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7440 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7442 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7444 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7445 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7447 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7451 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7453 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7455 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7457 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7459 =item Perl/iX Change History
7475 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
7487 =item Acknowledgements
7495 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7515 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7517 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7519 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7523 =item Frequently asked questions
7527 =item "It does not work"
7529 =item I cannot run external programs
7531 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7534 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7537 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7539 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7547 =item Automatic binary installation
7549 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7551 =item Manual binary installation
7553 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7554 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7555 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7556 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7557 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7563 =item Accessing documentation
7567 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7575 =item GNU C<info> files
7587 =item The short story
7591 =item Getting perl source
7593 =item Application of the patches
7601 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7604 =item Installing the built perl
7606 =item C<a.out>-style build
7614 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7616 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7618 =item Problems with tr or sed
7620 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7622 =item Library ... not found
7624 =item Segfault in make
7626 =item op/sprintf test failure
7630 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7634 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7638 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7640 =item Additional modules:
7642 =item Prebuilt methods:
7644 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7645 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7646 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7647 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7648 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7649 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7650 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7651 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7652 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7653 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7654 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
7656 =item Prebuilt variables:
7658 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
7664 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7667 =item Identifying DLLs
7669 =item Centralized management of resources
7685 =item F<perl___.exe>
7687 =item Why strange names?
7689 =item Why dynamic linking?
7691 =item Why chimera build?
7699 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7701 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7703 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7705 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7707 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7709 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7719 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7721 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7723 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7726 =item DLL forwarder generation
7730 =item Calls to external programs
7732 =item Memory allocation
7736 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7752 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7765 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7767 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7769 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7771 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7773 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7775 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7777 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7779 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7781 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7783 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7793 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7801 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7809 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7811 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7813 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7815 =item QNX auxiliary files
7819 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7827 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7837 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7839 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7841 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7843 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7847 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7851 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7863 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
7871 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
7877 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
7883 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
7885 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
7887 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
7891 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
7895 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7897 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
7899 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7903 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
7905 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
7906 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
7907 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
7913 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
7915 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7919 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
7921 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
7925 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
7929 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
7931 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
7935 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
7937 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
7939 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
7949 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
7950 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
7958 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
7960 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
7962 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
7964 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
7966 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
7968 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
7972 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
7974 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
7976 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
7982 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
7990 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
7992 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
7998 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
8008 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
8010 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8012 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
8014 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
8016 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
8026 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
8032 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
8040 =item Organization of Perl Images
8046 =item Perl Extensions
8048 =item Installing static extensions
8050 =item Installing dynamic extensions
8054 =item File specifications
8060 =item Wildcard expansion
8066 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8072 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8074 =item Command line switches
8080 =item Perl functions
8082 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
8083 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
8084 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
8085 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
8087 =item Perl variables
8089 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
8091 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
8105 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
8113 =item Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
8115 =item Stratus POSIX Support
8119 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
8123 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
8125 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
8129 =item USING PERL IN VOS
8133 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
8135 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
8137 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
8143 =item SUPPORT STATUS
8151 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
8161 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
8163 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
8164 SDK 64-bit Compiler, Mingw32 with GCC
8168 =item Testing Perl on Win32
8170 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
8172 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
8174 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
8175 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
8176 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous
8181 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
8185 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
8186 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
8187 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8195 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8197 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8209 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8219 =head2 threadshared::queue, threads::shared::queue - thread-safe queues
8227 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
8229 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
8235 =head2 threadshared::semaphore, threads::shared::semaphore - thread-safe
8244 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
8246 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
8250 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8251 data structures between threads
8263 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
8264 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8276 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8285 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8286 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->yield();, threads->list();, async
8291 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8295 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are
8296 not threadsafe, will not be
8298 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8304 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8314 =item Built-in Attributes
8316 locked, method, lvalue
8318 =item Available Subroutines
8322 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8324 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8326 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8334 =item Default exports
8336 =item Available exports
8338 =item Export tags defined
8348 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8360 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8376 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8390 =head2 bigint - Transparent big integer support for Perl
8402 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8406 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8426 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
8438 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8442 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8462 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
8484 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
8485 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
8486 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
8487 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
8488 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
8498 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8512 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8525 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8534 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8536 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8538 =item charnames::vianame(name)
8542 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
8548 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8560 =item List constants
8562 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8564 =item Magic constants
8568 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8578 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8589 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8591 =item The I<splain> Program
8605 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
8615 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
8616 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
8624 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
8628 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
8630 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
8632 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
8634 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8640 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8654 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8664 =item subpragma access
8670 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
8684 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8695 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8705 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8715 =item Adding directories to @INC
8717 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8719 =item Restoring original @INC
8733 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8744 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
8752 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8754 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8760 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8772 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8782 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8784 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8786 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8788 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8790 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8792 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8794 =item Overloadable Operations
8796 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8797 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8798 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8800 =item Inheritance and overloading
8802 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8803 is inherited by derived classes
8807 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8815 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8817 =item Copy Constructor
8823 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8825 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8826 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8827 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8830 =item Losing overloading
8832 =item Run-time Overloading
8834 =item Public functions
8836 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8838 =item Overloading constants
8840 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8842 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8844 =item Metaphor clash
8850 =item Two-face scalars
8852 =item Two-face references
8854 =item Symbolic calculator
8856 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8864 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8865 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8871 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8881 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8893 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8895 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8899 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8903 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
8911 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
8923 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
8931 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
8935 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
8945 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8954 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8955 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->yield();, threads->list();, async
8960 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8964 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are
8965 not threadsafe, will not be
8967 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8973 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
8974 structures between threads
8986 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
8987 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8999 =head2 threadshared::queue, threads::shared::queue - thread-safe queues
9007 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
9009 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
9015 =head2 threadshared::semaphore, threads::shared::semaphore - thread-safe
9024 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
9026 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
9030 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
9041 =item Utility functions
9043 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]),
9044 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
9053 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
9063 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
9071 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
9075 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
9083 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
9084 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
9085 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
9086 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
9087 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
9091 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
9101 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
9103 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
9113 =item DBM Comparisons
9123 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
9133 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
9137 =item Typed lexicals
9139 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
9141 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
9143 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
9145 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
9153 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
9154 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
9155 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
9156 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
9157 be able to apply END handler>
9167 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
9177 =item Subroutine Stubs
9179 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9181 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9183 =item Package Lexicals
9185 =item Not Using AutoLoader
9187 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
9197 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
9205 $keep, $check, $modtime
9209 =item Multiple packages
9217 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
9225 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
9229 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
9237 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
9251 =item B::PVMG METHODS
9255 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
9257 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
9259 =item B::PVLV METHODS
9261 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
9265 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
9269 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
9270 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
9274 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
9275 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
9279 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
9283 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
9288 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
9290 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
9294 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
9296 =item B::UNOP METHOD
9300 =item B::BINOP METHOD
9304 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
9308 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
9312 =item B::PMOP METHODS
9314 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
9315 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
9317 =item B::SVOP METHOD
9321 =item B::PADOP METHOD
9325 =item B::PVOP METHOD
9329 =item B::LOOP METHODS
9331 redoop, nextop, lastop
9333 =item B::COP METHODS
9335 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
9339 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
9341 main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
9342 regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP,
9343 METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE,
9344 PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c,
9345 cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
9351 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
9360 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
9366 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9378 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9398 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9408 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9409 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9410 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9420 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9430 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9431 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9432 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9443 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9453 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9454 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9455 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
9467 =item Context of ".."
9471 =item Deprecated features
9479 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
9491 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
9492 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
9493 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
9495 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
9497 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
9498 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
9499 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
9500 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
9501 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
9502 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
9503 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
9504 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
9510 =item OP flags abbreviations
9512 =item OP class abbreviations
9516 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
9522 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
9534 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
9544 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
9545 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
9547 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
9557 =item ambient_pragmas
9559 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
9571 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
9583 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
9591 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
9593 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
9594 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
9596 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9606 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9616 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9624 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9636 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9648 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9650 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9662 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9672 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
9680 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9700 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9714 =item Standard Exports
9716 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9717 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9718 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9720 =item Optional Exports
9722 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9723 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9724 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9740 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9744 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9758 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9768 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9769 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9770 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9780 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9792 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9794 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9796 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9798 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9800 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9802 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9804 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9806 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9808 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9810 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9812 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9814 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9816 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9818 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9820 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9822 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9824 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9826 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9827 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9831 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9832 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9835 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9837 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9838 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9843 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9847 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9849 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9851 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9853 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9855 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9857 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9859 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9861 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9862 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9864 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9868 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9872 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9874 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9876 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9878 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9880 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9882 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9883 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9885 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9889 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9893 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9895 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9897 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9899 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9903 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9905 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9907 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9911 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9913 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
9917 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
9921 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
9925 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
9929 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
9933 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
9935 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
9937 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
9941 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
9945 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
9951 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
9952 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
9954 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
9956 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
9957 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
9960 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
9966 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
9970 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
9972 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
9973 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
9974 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
9975 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
9976 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
9978 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
9980 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
9985 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
9987 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
9989 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
9990 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
9992 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
9994 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9998 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
9999 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
10000 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
10001 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
10002 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
10003 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
10004 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
10005 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
10006 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
10007 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
10008 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
10009 ...and many many more..
10011 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
10019 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
10029 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10037 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
10046 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
10048 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
10052 =item Changing the default message
10056 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
10066 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
10074 =item USING CGI::Cookie
10076 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
10080 =item Creating New Cookies
10082 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
10084 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
10086 =item Manipulating Cookies
10088 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
10092 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10100 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
10108 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
10110 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
10112 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
10114 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
10116 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
10118 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
10122 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10130 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
10140 =item Tags that won't be formatted
10142 =item Customizing the Indenting
10154 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
10162 =item USING CGI::Push
10164 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
10168 =item Heterogeneous Pages
10170 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
10174 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
10176 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10184 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
10194 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10202 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
10210 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10216 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
10226 =item Interactive Mode
10228 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
10229 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
10230 distribution, ls author, Signals
10238 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
10240 =item Programmer's interface
10242 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
10244 =item Methods in the other Classes
10246 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
10247 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
10248 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
10249 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
10250 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
10251 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
10252 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
10253 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
10254 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
10255 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
10256 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
10257 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
10258 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
10259 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
10260 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
10261 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
10262 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
10263 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
10264 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
10265 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
10266 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
10267 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
10268 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
10269 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
10270 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
10271 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
10273 =item Cache Manager
10277 =item Prerequisites
10279 =item Finding packages and VERSION
10283 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
10287 =item CONFIGURATION
10289 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
10290 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
10291 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
10292 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
10296 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
10298 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
10306 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
10308 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
10312 =item Three basic types of firewalls
10314 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
10316 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
10322 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
10334 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
10344 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
10357 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
10367 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10375 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10377 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10387 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10388 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10389 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10391 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10399 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10409 =item The C<struct()> function
10411 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10413 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10415 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10416 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10418 =item Initializing with C<new>
10424 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10426 =item Author and Modification History
10430 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10438 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
10450 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
10454 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
10455 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
10456 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
10457 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
10461 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
10465 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
10466 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
10467 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
10468 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
10469 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
10470 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
10471 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
10475 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
10476 C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>,
10477 C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
10478 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
10479 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
10480 C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>,
10481 C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>,
10482 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
10483 C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
10484 C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>,
10485 C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>,
10486 C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>,
10487 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>,
10488 C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
10489 C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
10490 C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>,
10491 C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
10492 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
10493 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
10494 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>,
10495 C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
10496 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>,
10497 C<d_gethostent_r>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>,
10498 C<d_getlogin_r>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
10499 C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>,
10500 C<d_getnetent_r>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
10501 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
10502 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>,
10503 C<d_getprotobynumber_r>, C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>,
10504 C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>,
10505 C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
10506 C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>, C<d_getservent_r>,
10507 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>, C<d_gettimeod>,
10508 C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
10509 C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>,
10510 C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>,
10511 C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
10512 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
10513 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
10514 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
10515 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
10516 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
10517 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
10518 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
10519 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
10520 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
10521 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
10522 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
10523 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
10524 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
10525 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>,
10526 C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
10527 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
10528 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
10529 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
10530 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
10531 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
10532 C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>,
10533 C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>,
10534 C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>,
10535 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>,
10536 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>,
10537 C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>,
10538 C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>,
10539 C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
10540 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>,
10541 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
10542 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
10543 C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>,
10544 C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
10545 C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
10546 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
10547 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
10548 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
10549 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
10550 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
10551 C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
10552 C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
10553 C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
10554 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
10555 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
10556 C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
10557 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
10558 C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
10559 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
10560 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
10561 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
10562 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
10563 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
10564 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
10568 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
10569 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
10570 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
10571 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
10575 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
10576 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
10581 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>, C<getgrgid_r_proto>,
10582 C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>, C<gethostbyname_r_proto>,
10583 C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>, C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>,
10584 C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>, C<getprotobyname_r_proto>,
10585 C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>, C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>,
10586 C<getpwnam_r_proto>, C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>,
10587 C<getservbyport_r_proto>, C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>,
10588 C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>,
10589 C<gmtime_r_proto>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
10593 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
10597 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
10598 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
10599 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
10600 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
10601 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
10602 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
10603 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
10604 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
10605 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
10606 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
10607 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
10608 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
10609 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
10610 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
10611 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
10612 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
10613 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
10614 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
10615 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
10616 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
10617 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
10618 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
10619 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
10620 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
10624 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
10628 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
10629 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
10630 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
10631 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
10632 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
10633 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
10638 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10639 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10640 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10644 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10645 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10649 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10650 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10651 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
10652 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
10653 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10657 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10658 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10662 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10663 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10667 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10668 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10669 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10670 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10674 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10678 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
10679 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
10680 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10684 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10685 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
10686 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
10687 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
10688 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
10689 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
10690 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
10691 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10692 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10693 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10694 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10695 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10696 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>,
10697 C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
10698 C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
10699 C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
10700 C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10704 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10705 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
10710 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10711 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10712 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10713 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10714 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10715 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10716 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10717 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10718 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10722 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10723 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10724 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10725 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10729 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10733 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10745 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10755 =item getcwd and friends
10757 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10759 =item abs_path and friends
10761 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10773 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10785 =item Global Variables
10787 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10788 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10793 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10794 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10796 =item Client Callback Methods
10798 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10799 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10800 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10810 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10818 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10822 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10824 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10826 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10828 =item Default Parameters
10830 =item In Memory Databases
10838 =item A Simple Example
10846 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10848 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10850 =item The get_dup() Method
10852 =item The find_dup() Method
10854 =item The del_dup() Method
10856 =item Matching Partial Keys
10864 =item The 'bval' Option
10866 =item A Simple Example
10868 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10870 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10871 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10872 length, elements);>
10874 =item Another Example
10878 =item THE API INTERFACE
10880 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10881 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10882 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10883 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10887 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10888 B<filter_fetch_value>
10894 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10896 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10900 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10904 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10906 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10908 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
10910 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
10912 =item The untie() Gotcha
10916 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
10920 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
10922 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
10924 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
10926 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
10946 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
10947 printing and C<eval>
10959 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
10960 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
10961 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
10968 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
10970 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10971 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10972 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10973 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10974 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10975 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10976 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10977 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10978 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10979 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10980 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10981 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10982 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10983 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10984 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
11004 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
11012 =item PROFILE FORMAT
11024 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
11046 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
11056 =item Runtime debugging
11058 =item Memory footprint debugging
11066 =item A simple scalar string
11068 =item A simple scalar number
11070 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
11072 =item A reference to a simple scalar
11074 =item A reference to an array
11076 =item A reference to a hash
11078 =item Dumping a large array or hash
11080 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
11082 =item A reference to a subroutine
11096 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
11106 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
11114 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
11118 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
11119 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
11120 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
11128 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
11138 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
11142 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
11143 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
11155 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
11167 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
11179 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
11180 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
11181 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
11186 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
11187 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
11193 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
11201 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
11202 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
11203 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
11204 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
11211 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
11224 =head2 Encode - character encodings
11232 =item Table of Contents
11244 =item PERL ENCODING API
11246 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
11247 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
11248 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
11253 =item Listing available encodings
11255 =item Defining Aliases
11259 =item Encoding via PerlIO
11261 =item Handling Malformed Data
11263 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
11264 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
11265 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
11266 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
11271 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
11275 =item Defining Encodings
11277 =item The UTF-8 flag
11279 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
11283 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
11285 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
11295 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
11303 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11308 =item Alias overloading
11316 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
11330 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11332 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
11348 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
11350 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
11352 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
11366 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
11376 =item Methods you should implement
11378 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11380 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11382 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11384 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11388 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11392 =item Compiled Encodings
11398 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11402 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
11412 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11413 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11414 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11424 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
11434 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
11442 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11444 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
11446 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
11460 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
11462 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
11478 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
11484 =item How does it work?
11492 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11500 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
11508 =item Encoding Names
11512 =item Supported Encodings
11516 =item Built-in Encodings
11518 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11520 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11522 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11523 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11525 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11527 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11528 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11529 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11531 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11533 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11537 =item Unsupported encodings
11539 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11540 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11541 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11542 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11544 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11546 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11550 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11552 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11558 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11559 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11566 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11567 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11571 =item Other Notable Sites
11573 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11574 "Introduction to i18n"
11576 =item Offline sources
11578 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11584 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
11598 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
11614 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
11622 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
11624 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
11630 =item by endianness
11632 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
11636 =item Surrogate Pairs
11642 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
11651 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11656 =item Alias overloading
11664 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
11665 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11667 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
11670 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
11673 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
11674 Implementation Base Class
11684 =item Methods you should implement
11686 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11688 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11690 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11692 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11696 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11700 =item Compiled Encodings
11706 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11710 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
11721 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11722 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11723 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11733 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
11734 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11736 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
11739 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
11742 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
11743 and 'Q' header encoding
11759 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
11760 on Encode and PerlIO
11766 =item How does it work?
11774 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11782 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
11783 supported by Encode
11791 =item Encoding Names
11795 =item Supported Encodings
11799 =item Built-in Encodings
11801 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11803 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11805 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11806 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11808 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11810 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11811 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11812 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11814 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11816 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11820 =item Unsupported encodings
11822 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11823 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11824 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11825 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11827 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11829 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11833 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11835 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11841 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11842 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11849 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11850 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11854 =item Other Notable Sites
11856 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11857 "Introduction to i18n"
11859 =item Offline sources
11861 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11867 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11873 use Encode::Encoder;
11874 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11875 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11877 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11878 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11879 # you can stack them!
11880 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11881 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11882 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
11884 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
11886 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
11894 =item Predefined Methods
11896 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
11897 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
11898 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
11900 =item Example: base64 transcoder
11902 =item Operator Overloading
11910 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
11911 non-ascii or non-utf8
11921 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
11922 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
11930 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
11934 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
11936 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
11938 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
11940 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
11946 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11952 use Encode::Encoder;
11953 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11954 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11956 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11957 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11958 # you can stack them!
11959 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11960 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11961 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
11963 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
11965 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
11973 =item Predefined Methods
11975 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
11976 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
11977 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
11979 =item Example: base64 transcoder
11981 =item Operator Overloading
11989 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
12002 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
12017 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
12033 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
12043 =item How to Export
12045 =item Selecting What To Export
12047 =item How to Import
12049 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
12053 =item Advanced features
12057 =item Specialised Import Lists
12059 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
12061 =item Module Version Checking
12063 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
12065 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
12067 =item Generating combined tags
12069 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
12075 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
12085 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
12106 mv source... destination
12108 cp source... destination
12126 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
12138 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
12148 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
12156 perl_stringify NAME
12160 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
12162 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
12166 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
12174 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
12177 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12179 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
12181 WriteMakefileSnippet
12183 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
12184 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12192 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
12204 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
12205 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
12215 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
12225 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
12237 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
12238 packlist(), version()
12246 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
12254 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
12255 dynamic extensions at load time
12261 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
12271 =item VMS implementation
12273 =item Win32 implementation
12281 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
12291 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
12299 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
12303 =item File::Spec wrappers B<DEPRECATED>
12317 file_name_is_absolute
12327 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
12341 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12342 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12354 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12355 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12363 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
12367 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12377 =item Overridden methods
12379 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12393 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12394 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12436 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12437 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12453 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12454 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12468 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12478 =item Overridden methods
12480 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12494 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12508 =item SelfLoaded methods
12560 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
12608 maybe_command_in_dirs
12632 post_initialize (o)
12646 replace_manpage_separator
12660 test_via_harness (override)
12662 test_via_script (override)
12692 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12693 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12703 =item Methods always loaded
12715 guess_name (override)
12719 find_perl (override)
12721 maybe_command (override)
12723 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
12725 perl_script (override)
12727 replace_manpage_separator
12729 init_main (override)
12731 init_others (override)
12733 constants (override)
12737 const_cccmd (override)
12739 pm_to_blib (override)
12741 tool_autosplit (override)
12743 tool_sxubpp (override)
12745 xsubpp_version (override)
12747 tools_other (override)
12757 top_targets (override)
12761 dynamic_lib (override)
12763 dynamic_bs (override)
12765 static_lib (override)
12767 manifypods (override)
12769 processPL (override)
12771 installbin (override)
12773 subdir_x (override)
12777 realclean (override)
12779 dist_core (override)
12781 dist_test (override)
12785 perldepend (override)
12787 makefile (override)
12789 find_tests (override)
12793 makeaperl (override)
12795 nicetext (override)
12797 prefixify (override)
12799 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12800 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12822 tool_autosplit (override)
12838 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
12848 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
12858 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
12868 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
12870 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
12878 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
12882 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
12884 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
12886 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
12888 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
12890 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
12891 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
12892 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST,
12893 FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
12894 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT,
12895 INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR,
12896 INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB,
12897 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
12898 INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A,
12899 LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
12900 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE,
12901 PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK,
12902 PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS,
12903 PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX,
12904 PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PRINT, PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP,
12905 TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
12906 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
12908 =item Additional lowercase attributes
12910 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
12913 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
12915 =item Hintsfile support
12917 =item Distribution Support
12919 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
12920 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
12921 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
12923 =item Disabling an extension
12929 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
12937 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
12945 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
12949 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
12953 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
12954 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
12958 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
12966 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
12978 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
12988 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
12997 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
13005 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
13017 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
13025 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
13035 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
13047 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
13057 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
13061 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
13069 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
13073 C<basename>, C<dirname>
13077 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
13091 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
13105 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
13115 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
13117 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
13129 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
13139 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
13151 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
13159 B<find>, B<finddepth>
13165 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
13166 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
13167 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
13169 =item The wanted function
13171 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
13172 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
13173 pathname to the file
13181 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
13189 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
13197 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
13198 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
13199 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
13203 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
13211 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
13223 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
13233 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
13234 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
13235 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
13243 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
13253 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
13271 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
13289 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
13317 file_name_is_absolute
13339 =head2 File::Spec::NW5 - methods for NW5 file specs
13377 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
13387 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
13420 file_name_is_absolute
13442 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
13458 =item Methods always loaded
13460 canonpath (override)
13478 case_tolerant (override)
13482 file_name_is_absolute (override)
13484 splitpath (override)
13486 splitdir (override)
13500 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
13530 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
13554 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
13568 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
13578 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
13586 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
13594 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
13596 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
13608 =item Temporary files and NFS
13620 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
13634 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
13642 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
13650 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
13658 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
13664 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
13678 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
13680 =item All-in-one interface
13682 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
13684 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
13687 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
13689 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
13690 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
13691 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
13693 described in the previous section.
13695 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
13697 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
13709 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
13719 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
13723 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
13725 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
13733 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
13735 =item Example 2: Using the context
13737 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
13739 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
13743 =item Filter::Simple
13751 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
13759 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
13771 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
13787 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
13795 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
13797 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
13801 =item Simple options
13803 =item A little bit less simple options
13805 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
13807 =item Options with values
13809 =item Options with multiple values
13811 =item Options with hash values
13813 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
13815 =item Options with multiple names
13817 =item Case and abbreviations
13819 =item Summary of Option Specifications
13821 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
13826 =item Advanced Possibilities
13830 =item Object oriented interface
13832 =item Documentation and help texts
13834 =item Storing options in a hash
13838 =item The lonesome dash
13840 =item Argument callback
13844 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
13846 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
13847 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
13848 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
13849 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
13850 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
13852 =item Return values and Errors
13858 =item Default destinations
13860 =item Alternative option starters
13862 =item Configuration variables
13866 =item Trouble Shooting
13870 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
13872 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
13875 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
13877 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
13883 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13887 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
13898 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
13908 =item Restricted hashes
13910 lock_keys, unlock_keys
13916 lock_value, unlock_value
13918 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
13928 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
13939 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
13950 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
13952 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
13954 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
13956 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
13958 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
13960 the function super_languages($lang1)
13962 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
13964 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
13966 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
13968 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
13972 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
13974 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
13984 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
13992 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
13994 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
13996 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
13997 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
13998 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
13999 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
14000 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
14001 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
14002 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
14003 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
14004 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
14005 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
14006 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
14007 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
14008 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
14009 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
14010 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
14011 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
14012 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
14013 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
14014 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
14015 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
14016 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
14017 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
14018 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
14019 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
14020 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
14021 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
14022 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
14023 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
14024 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
14025 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
14026 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
14027 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
14028 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
14029 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
14030 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
14031 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
14032 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
14033 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
14034 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
14035 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
14036 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
14037 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
14038 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
14039 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
14040 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
14041 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
14042 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
14043 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
14044 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
14045 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
14046 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
14047 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
14048 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
14049 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
14050 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
14051 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
14052 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
14053 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
14054 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
14055 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
14056 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
14057 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
14058 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
14059 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
14060 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
14061 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
14062 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
14063 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
14064 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
14065 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
14066 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
14067 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
14068 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
14069 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
14070 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
14071 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
14072 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
14073 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
14074 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
14075 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
14076 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
14077 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
14078 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
14079 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
14080 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
14081 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
14082 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
14083 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
14084 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
14085 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
14086 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
14087 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
14088 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
14089 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
14090 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
14091 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
14092 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
14093 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
14094 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
14095 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
14096 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
14097 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
14098 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
14099 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
14100 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
14101 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
14102 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
14103 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
14104 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
14105 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
14106 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
14107 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
14108 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
14109 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
14110 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
14111 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
14112 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
14113 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
14114 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
14118 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14124 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
14142 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14146 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
14156 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
14164 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14165 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14175 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14185 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14189 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14197 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
14207 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14211 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14212 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14213 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14214 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14226 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14236 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14240 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14250 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14260 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14261 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14271 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
14279 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14280 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14289 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
14299 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14303 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14304 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14305 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14315 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
14329 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14330 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14340 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
14356 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14369 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
14383 hostpath(), peerpath()
14393 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
14402 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14403 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14413 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14423 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14427 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14435 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
14446 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14450 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14451 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14452 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14453 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14465 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14475 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14479 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14489 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14499 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14500 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14510 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
14519 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14520 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14529 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
14540 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14544 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14545 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14546 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14556 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
14571 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14572 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14582 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
14583 AF_INET domain sockets
14599 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14612 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
14613 AF_UNIX domain sockets
14627 hostpath(), peerpath()
14637 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14647 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14648 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14659 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
14673 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
14686 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
14696 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14697 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14698 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14709 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
14727 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14737 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14738 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14749 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
14760 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14761 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14762 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14773 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
14781 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14782 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14786 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14792 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
14793 general-utility list subroutines
14801 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14802 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14806 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14812 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
14813 general-utility scalar subroutines
14821 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
14822 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14832 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
14840 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14844 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
14852 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
14860 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
14862 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14864 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
14865 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
14867 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14869 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
14871 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
14877 =item rename_country
14885 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14889 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
14890 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
14891 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
14892 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
14900 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
14901 identification (ISO 4217)
14911 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14913 code2currency(), currency2code()
14915 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14917 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
14921 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14925 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
14926 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
14934 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
14943 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14945 code2language(), language2code()
14947 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14949 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
14953 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14957 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
14958 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
14966 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
14974 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
14980 =item Construction Methods
14982 =item The "maketext" Method
14984 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
14986 =item Utility Methods
14988 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
14989 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
14990 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
14991 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
14993 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
14997 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
14999 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
15001 =item BRACKET NOTATION
15003 =item AUTO LEXICONS
15005 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
15007 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
15011 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15017 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
15025 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
15029 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
15031 =item The Linguistic View
15033 =item Breaking gettext
15035 =item Replacing gettext
15037 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
15039 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
15041 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
15043 =item Buzzword: Concision
15045 =item The Devil in the Details
15047 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
15055 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
15063 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
15067 =item SPECIAL CODES
15071 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15073 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
15074 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
15076 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15078 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
15082 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15086 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
15087 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
15095 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
15103 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
15107 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
15115 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
15116 of quoted-printable strings
15124 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15130 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
15139 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15145 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
15155 =item Canonical notation
15159 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
15161 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
15165 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
15166 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
15174 =item Autocreating constants
15180 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
15188 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
15196 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
15204 Canonical notation, Input, Output
15226 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
15228 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
15230 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
15231 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
15233 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
15319 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
15329 =item Rounding mode R
15331 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
15332 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
15333 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
15346 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
15354 =item Autocreating constants
15360 =item Alternative math libraries
15366 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
15374 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
15380 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
15384 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
15385 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
15386 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
15396 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
15406 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
15410 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
15412 the same terms as Perl itself.
15420 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals
15442 =item denominator()
15444 $d = $x->denominator();
15450 =item bfac()/blog()
15452 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
15458 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 1 + 2/3'
15468 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
15481 =item STRINGIFICATION
15485 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
15491 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
15493 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
15501 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
15509 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
15515 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
15517 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
15521 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15523 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
15527 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
15529 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15531 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
15532 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
15536 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
15542 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
15552 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
15570 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
15572 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
15576 =item OTHER FACILITIES
15582 =item C<flush_cache>
15588 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
15590 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
15598 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15604 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
15613 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
15624 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
15636 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15644 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15652 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
15661 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
15670 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
15678 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
15686 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15692 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15696 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15700 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
15710 =item Enforcing redispatch
15712 =item Avoiding repetitions
15718 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15724 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
15734 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
15737 =item CLASS METHODS
15739 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
15740 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
15741 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
15751 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
15761 requires_firewall HOST
15763 =item NetConfig VALUES
15765 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
15766 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
15767 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
15771 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
15780 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
15788 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
15800 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
15804 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
15805 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
15806 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
15807 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
15808 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
15809 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
15810 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
15811 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
15812 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
15813 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
15814 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
15815 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
15816 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
15820 =item Methods for the adventurous
15826 =item THE dataconn CLASS
15828 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
15829 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
15831 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
15833 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
15835 =item REPORTING BUGS
15843 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
15851 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
15861 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
15865 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
15866 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
15867 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
15868 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
15869 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
15870 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
15871 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
15875 =item Extension methods
15877 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
15878 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
15879 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
15880 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
15889 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
15899 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
15911 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
15915 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
15916 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
15917 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
15918 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
15930 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
15942 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 }
15943 );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);,
15944 $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
15958 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
15970 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
15974 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
15975 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
15976 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
15977 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
15978 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
15979 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
15992 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
16000 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
16001 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
16009 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
16026 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
16034 =item Where to get this document
16036 =item How to contribute to this document
16040 =item Author and Copyright Information
16048 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
16052 =item What is libnet ?
16054 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
16056 =item What other modules do I need ?
16058 =item What machines support libnet ?
16060 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
16064 =item Using Net::FTP
16068 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
16070 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
16072 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
16074 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
16077 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
16079 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
16081 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
16083 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
16085 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
16087 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
16090 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
16092 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
16095 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
16098 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
16102 =item Using Net::SMTP
16106 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
16109 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
16111 =item The verify method always returns true ?
16115 =item Debugging scripts
16119 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
16123 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
16127 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
16144 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
16159 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
16176 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
16184 =item THE .netrc FILE
16186 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
16191 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
16195 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
16205 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
16215 =item IMPLEMENTATION
16223 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
16231 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16237 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16241 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16245 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
16257 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
16259 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
16260 or optag, an operator set (opset)
16262 =item Opcode Functions
16264 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
16265 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
16266 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
16269 =item Manipulating Opsets
16271 =item TO DO (maybe)
16277 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
16279 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
16280 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
16281 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
16290 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
16299 a new namespace, an operator mask
16305 =item RECENT CHANGES
16307 =item Methods in class Safe
16309 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16310 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16311 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16312 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16314 =item Some Safety Issues
16316 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16324 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
16337 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
16351 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
16352 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
16353 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
16354 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
16355 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
16356 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
16357 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
16358 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
16359 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
16360 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
16361 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
16362 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
16363 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
16364 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
16365 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
16366 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
16367 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
16368 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
16369 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
16370 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
16371 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
16372 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
16373 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
16374 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
16375 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
16382 =item POSIX::SigAction
16386 =item POSIX::SigSet
16388 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
16390 =item POSIX::Termios
16392 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
16393 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
16394 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
16395 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
16396 values, c_oflag field values
16400 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
16404 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
16408 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
16462 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
16463 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
16467 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
16476 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw
16480 =item Defaults and how to override them
16490 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
16500 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
16508 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
16509 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
16510 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
16511 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
16512 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
16513 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
16514 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
16518 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
16524 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
16536 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
16542 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
16548 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
16560 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
16561 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
16562 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
16563 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
16564 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
16565 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
16566 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
16567 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
16572 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
16573 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
16574 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
16575 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
16576 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
16577 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
16581 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
16582 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
16594 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
16596 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
16599 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
16601 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
16603 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
16605 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
16607 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
16615 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
16627 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
16629 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
16636 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
16642 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
16644 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
16651 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
16663 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
16673 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
16674 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
16689 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
16702 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
16703 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
16709 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
16733 =item B<was_cutting()>
16739 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
16745 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
16751 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16757 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
16763 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16769 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
16775 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
16781 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16787 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16793 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
16799 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
16805 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16811 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16817 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
16823 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
16829 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16835 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
16841 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
16847 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16853 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16859 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
16865 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
16871 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
16877 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
16883 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
16889 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16895 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
16901 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16907 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
16919 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
16931 =item OBJECT METHODS
16939 =item Data Accessors
16955 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
16957 B<StartWithNewPage>
16971 =item Subclassed methods
16985 B<interior_sequence>
17001 =item Methods for headings
17009 =item Internal methods
17015 B<_replace_special_chars>
17017 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
17023 B<_clean_latex_commands>
17025 B<_split_delimited>
17041 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
17049 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
17054 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
17055 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
17056 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
17067 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17071 =head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
17081 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17085 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
17099 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
17107 $list-E<gt>indent()
17115 $list-E<gt>parent()
17121 =item Pod::Hyperlink
17123 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
17127 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
17129 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
17133 $link-E<gt>warning()
17135 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
17141 $link-E<gt>alttext()
17151 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
17157 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
17161 =item Pod::Cache::Item
17163 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
17167 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
17169 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
17171 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
17173 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
17175 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
17177 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
17179 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
17189 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
17201 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
17203 =item PARSING OPTIONS
17205 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
17206 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
17212 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17220 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17226 =item B<verbatim()>
17228 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17234 =item B<textblock()>
17236 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17242 =item B<interior_sequence()>
17248 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17260 =item B<initialize()>
17266 =item B<begin_pod()>
17272 =item B<begin_input()>
17278 =item B<end_input()>
17290 =item B<preprocess_line()>
17296 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
17302 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
17308 =item B<parse_text()>
17310 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
17311 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
17312 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
17318 =item B<interpolate()>
17324 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
17330 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
17336 =item B<parse_from_file()>
17342 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
17348 =item B<errorsub()>
17360 =item B<parseopts()>
17366 =item B<output_file()>
17372 =item B<output_handle()>
17378 =item B<input_file()>
17384 =item B<input_handle()>
17390 =item B<input_streams()>
17396 =item B<top_stream()>
17402 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17408 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
17414 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
17420 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
17428 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
17448 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
17461 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
17463 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
17469 =item OBJECT METHODS
17475 =item B<curr_headings()>
17487 =item B<add_selection()>
17493 =item B<clear_selections()>
17499 =item B<match_section()>
17505 =item B<is_selected()>
17511 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
17517 =item B<podselect()>
17519 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
17525 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17531 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
17537 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
17543 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
17555 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
17563 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
17567 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
17568 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
17569 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
17580 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17584 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
17598 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17602 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
17617 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17621 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
17622 text with format escapes
17636 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17640 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
17649 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
17658 =item Recommended Use
17666 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
17670 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
17677 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17681 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
17685 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17689 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
17695 =item OVER AND ITEMS
17697 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
17700 =item FORMATTING CODES
17702 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
17710 =head2 Pod::t::htmlescp, Escape Sequences Test
17718 =head2 Pod::t::htmlview, Test HTML Rendering
17726 =item METHODS =E<gt> OTHER STUFF
17732 foo, bar, baz, C<Black> Cat, Sat S<I<on> the>, MatE<lt>!E<gt>, 1 Cat, 2
17739 =item TESTING FOR AND BEGIN
17741 =item TESTING URLs hyperlinking
17747 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
17755 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17761 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17765 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17769 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
17777 a new namespace, an operator mask
17783 =item RECENT CHANGES
17785 =item Methods in class Safe
17787 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17788 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17789 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17790 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17792 =item Some Safety Issues
17794 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17802 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
17810 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
17811 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
17821 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
17831 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
17841 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
17851 =item The __DATA__ token
17853 =item SelfLoader autoloading
17855 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
17857 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
17859 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
17861 =item Classes and inherited methods.
17865 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
17869 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
17879 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
17887 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
17888 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
17896 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
17897 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
17898 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
17899 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
17900 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
17904 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
17914 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
17918 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
17920 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
17922 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
17924 =item ERROR REPORTING
17932 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
17937 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
17938 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
17946 =item Storable magic
17956 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
17968 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
17982 =item Allowing fall-through
17984 =item Automating fall-through
17986 =item Alternative syntax
17988 =item Higher-order Operations
18004 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
18014 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
18026 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
18027 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18035 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18036 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18037 in 5.004_02), closelog
18047 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
18048 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18056 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18057 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18058 in 5.004_02), closelog
18068 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
18078 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
18079 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
18080 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
18084 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
18098 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
18114 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
18116 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18118 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18120 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
18128 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18136 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
18144 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
18154 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
18155 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
18163 =item Minimal set of supported functions
18165 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
18166 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
18168 =item Additional supported functions
18170 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
18180 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
18206 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
18210 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18220 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
18240 =item Setting up tests
18256 =item Running tests
18262 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
18264 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
18290 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
18302 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
18306 =item Test Status and Info
18314 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
18336 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
18346 =item The test script output
18348 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
18349 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
18354 =item Configuration variables.
18356 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
18360 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
18387 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
18388 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
18389 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
18390 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
18394 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
18395 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
18396 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
18410 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
18436 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
18446 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
18484 B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
18500 B<_reset_file_state>
18520 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
18530 =item I love it when a plan comes together
18540 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
18580 =item Conditional tests
18586 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
18590 =item Comparison functions
18604 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
18614 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18616 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
18629 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
18653 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
18662 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
18670 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
18672 =item Where to start?
18676 =item Test the manual
18678 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
18680 =item Testing lots of values
18682 =item Informative names
18684 =item Skipping tests
18688 =item Testing with taint mode.
18700 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
18712 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
18722 =item General behaviour in list contexts
18726 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
18728 =item A note about prefixes
18730 =item C<extract_delimited>
18732 =item C<extract_bracketed>
18734 =item C<extract_tagged>
18736 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
18737 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
18739 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
18741 =item C<extract_quotelike>
18743 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
18745 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
18747 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
18749 =item C<extract_codeblock>
18751 =item C<extract_multiple>
18753 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
18759 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
18760 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
18761 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
18762 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
18763 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
18764 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
18765 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
18766 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
18767 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
18768 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
18769 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
18770 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
18775 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
18781 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
18796 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
18813 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
18828 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
18844 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl
18856 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
18857 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
18858 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
18862 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
18870 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
18878 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18880 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
18886 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
18894 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18896 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
18900 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
18912 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
18922 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
18930 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
18931 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
18932 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
18933 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
18941 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
18961 =item Option Format
18965 =item Public Methods
18973 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
18977 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
18979 =item Deferred Writing
18983 =item Autodeferring
18991 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
19005 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
19014 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
19015 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
19016 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
19017 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
19019 =item MORE INFORMATION
19021 =item COMPATIBILITY
19025 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
19034 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
19035 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
19037 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
19039 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
19041 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
19043 =item MORE INFORMATION
19047 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
19055 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
19065 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
19083 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
19092 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
19094 =item MORE INFORMATION
19098 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
19110 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
19119 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
19120 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
19121 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
19122 getitimer ( $which )
19138 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
19146 =item IMPLEMENTATION
19152 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
19167 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
19182 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
19194 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
19202 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
19203 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
19207 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
19217 =item Constructor and Tailoring
19219 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
19220 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
19221 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
19223 =item Methods for Collation
19225 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
19226 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
19227 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
19228 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
19229 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
19230 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
19231 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
19232 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
19233 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
19235 =item Other Methods
19237 UCA_Version, Base_Unicode_Version
19253 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/,
19254 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt,
19255 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19256 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18, L<Unicode::Normalize>
19260 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
19270 =item Normalization Forms
19272 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
19273 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
19274 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
19276 =item Decomposition and Composition
19278 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
19279 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
19280 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
19284 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
19285 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
19286 check($form_name, $string)>
19288 =item Character Data
19290 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
19291 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
19292 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
19293 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
19294 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
19295 C<$is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
19296 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
19306 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19307 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
19311 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
19353 =item Blocks versus Scripts
19355 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
19357 =item Code Point Arguments
19383 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
19389 =item Implementation Note
19401 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
19416 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
19427 =item System Specifics
19441 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
19449 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
19451 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
19452 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
19453 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
19454 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
19455 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
19456 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
19457 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
19458 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
19459 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
19460 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
19461 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
19462 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
19463 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
19464 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
19465 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
19466 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
19467 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
19473 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
19491 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
19503 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
19505 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
19506 don't all have manual pages yet:
19532 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob