4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
22 modularity and reusability using innumerable modules, embeddable and
23 extensible, roll-your-own magic variables (including multiple simultaneous
24 DBM implementations), subroutines can now be overridden, autoloaded, and
25 prototyped, arbitrarily nested data structures and anonymous functions,
26 object-oriented programming, compilability into C code or Perl bytecode,
27 support for light-weight processes (threads), support for
28 internationalization, localization, and Unicode, lexical scoping, regular
29 expression enhancements, enhanced debugger and interactive Perl
30 environment, with integrated editor support, POSIX 1003.1 compliant library
50 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
57 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
58 About Perl, What is Perl?, Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it
59 free?, Which version of Perl should I use?, What are perl4 and perl5?, What
60 is perl6?, How stable is Perl?, Is Perl difficult to learn?, How does Perl
61 compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?, Can
62 I do [task] in Perl?, When shouldn't I program in Perl?, What's the
63 difference between "perl" and "Perl"?, Is it a Perl program or a Perl
64 script?, What is a JAPH?, Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?,
65 How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
66 (5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and
67 Learning about Perl, What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?, How
68 can I get a binary version of Perl?, I don't have a C compiler on my
69 system. How can I compile perl?, I copied the Perl binary from one machine
70 to another, but scripts don't work, I grabbed the sources and tried to
71 compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make
72 it work?, What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is
73 CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?, Is there an ISO or ANSI certified
74 version of Perl?, Where can I get information on Perl?, What are the Perl
75 newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?, Where should I post
76 source code?, Perl Books, Perl in Magazines, Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW
77 Access, What mailing lists are there for perl?, Archives of
78 comp.lang.perl.misc, Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?, Where
79 do I send bug reports?, What is perl.com?, L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools,
80 How do I do (anything)?, How can I use Perl interactively?, Is there a Perl
81 shell?, How do I debug my Perl programs?, How do I profile my Perl
82 programs?, How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?, Is there a
83 pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?, Is there a ctags for Perl?, Is there
84 an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?, Where can I get Perl macros for vi?, Where
85 can I get perl-mode for emacs?, How can I use curses with Perl?, How can I
86 use X or Tk with Perl?, How can I generate simple menus without using CGI
87 or Tk?, What is undump?, How can I make my Perl program run faster?, How
88 can I make my Perl program take less memory?, Is it unsafe to return a
89 pointer to local data?, How can I free an array or hash so my program
90 shrinks?, How can I make my CGI script more efficient?, How can I hide the
91 source for my Perl program?, How can I compile my Perl program into byte
92 code or C?, How can I compile Perl into Java?, How can I get C<#!perl> to
93 work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?, Can I write useful perl programs on the command
94 line?, Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?, Where can
95 I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?, Where can I learn about
96 object-oriented Perl programming?, Where can I learn about linking C with
97 Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp], I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't
98 embed perl in my C program, what am I doing wrong?, When I tried to run my
99 script, I got this message. What does it mean?, What's MakeMaker?,
100 L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, Why am I getting long decimals (eg,
101 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?,
102 Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?, Does Perl have a round()
103 function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?, How do I
104 convert bits into ints?, Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?, How do I
105 multiply matrices?, How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?,
106 How can I output Roman numerals?, Why aren't my random numbers random?, How
107 do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?, How do I find the current
108 century or millennium?, How can I compare two dates and find the
109 difference?, How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?, How
110 can I find the Julian Day?, How do I find yesterday's date?, Does Perl have
111 a year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?, How do I validate input?, How
112 do I unescape a string?, How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?,
113 How do I expand function calls in a string?, How do I find matching/nesting
114 anything?, How do I reverse a string?, How do I expand tabs in a string?,
115 How do I reformat a paragraph?, How can I access/change the first N letters
116 of a string?, How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?, How can I
117 count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?, How do I
118 capitalize all the words on one line?, How can I split a [character]
119 delimited string except when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files),
120 How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?, How do I
121 pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?, How do I extract
122 selected columns from a string?, How do I find the soundex value of a
123 string?, How can I expand variables in text strings?, What's wrong with
124 always quoting "$vars"?, Why don't my <<HERE documents work?, What is the
125 difference between a list and an array?, What is the difference between
126 $array[1] and @array[1]?, How can I remove duplicate elements from a list
127 or array?, How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain
128 element?, How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute
129 the intersection of two arrays?, How do I test whether two arrays or hashes
130 are equal?, How do I find the first array element for which a condition is
131 true?, How do I handle linked lists?, How do I handle circular lists?, How
132 do I shuffle an array randomly?, How do I process/modify each element of an
133 array?, How do I select a random element from an array?, How do I permute N
134 elements of a list?, How do I sort an array by (anything)?, How do I
135 manipulate arrays of bits?, Why does defined() return true on empty arrays
136 and hashes?, How do I process an entire hash?, What happens if I add or
137 remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?, How do I look up a hash
138 element by value?, How can I know how many entries are in a hash?, How do I
139 sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?, How can I always keep my
140 hash sorted?, What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with
141 hashes?, Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?, How
142 do I reset an each() operation part-way through?, How can I get the unique
143 keys from two hashes?, How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM
144 file?, How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?,
145 Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it?,
146 How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array
147 of hashes or arrays?, How can I use a reference as a hash key?, How do I
148 handle binary data correctly?, How do I determine whether a scalar is a
149 number/whole/integer/float?, How do I keep persistent data across program
150 calls?, How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?, How do I
151 define methods for every class/object?, How do I verify a credit card
152 checksum?, How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?,
153 L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats, How do I flush/unbuffer an output
154 filehandle? Why must I do this?, How do I change one line in a file/delete
155 a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the
156 beginning of a file?, How do I count the number of lines in a file?, How do
157 I make a temporary file name?, How can I manipulate fixed-record-length
158 files?, How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
159 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?,
160 How can I use a filehandle indirectly?, How can I set up a footer format to
161 be used with write()?, How can I write() into a string?, How can I output
162 my numbers with commas added?, How can I translate tildes (~) in a
163 filename?, How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?, Why do
164 I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?, Is there a
165 leak/bug in glob()?, How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing
166 blanks?, How can I reliably rename a file?, How can I lock a file?, Why
167 can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?, I still don't get locking. I just
168 want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?, How do I
169 randomly update a binary file?, How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?,
170 How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print to more than one
171 file at once?, How can I read in an entire file all at once?, How can I
172 read in a file by paragraphs?, How can I read a single character from a
173 file? From the keyboard?, How can I tell whether there's a character
174 waiting on a filehandle?, How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?, How do I dup()
175 a filehandle in Perl?, How do I close a file descriptor by number?, Why
176 can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe`
177 work?, Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?, Why does Perl let me
178 delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber protected files? Isn't
179 this a bug in Perl?, How do I select a random line from a file?, Why do I
180 get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, How
181 can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and
182 unmaintainable code?, I'm having trouble matching over more than one line.
183 What's wrong?, How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are
184 themselves on different lines?, I put a regular expression into $/ but it
185 didn't work. What's wrong?, How do I substitute case insensitively on the
186 LHS, but preserving case on the RHS?, How can I make C<\w> match national
187 character sets?, How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?,
188 How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?, What is C</o> really for?,
189 How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?,
190 Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?, What does it
191 mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?, How do I process
192 each word on each line?, How can I print out a word-frequency or
193 line-frequency summary?, How can I do approximate matching?, How do I
194 efficiently match many regular expressions at once?, Why don't
195 word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?, Why does using $&, $`, or
196 $' slow my program down?, What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?, Are
197 Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?, What's wrong with
198 using grep or map in a void context?, How can I match strings with
199 multibyte characters?, How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the
200 user?, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues, Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE
201 for the Perl language?, What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how
202 do I know when to use them?, Do I always/never have to quote my strings or
203 use semicolons and commas?, How do I skip some return values?, How do I
204 temporarily block warnings?, What's an extension?, Why do Perl operators
205 have different precedence than C operators?, How do I declare/create a
206 structure?, How do I create a module?, How do I create a class?, How can I
207 tell if a variable is tainted?, What's a closure?, What is variable suicide
208 and how can I prevent it?, How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle,
209 Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?, How do I create a static variable?, What's
210 the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between
211 local() and my()?, How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly
212 named lexical is in scope?, What's the difference between deep and shallow
213 binding?, Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?, How do I redefine a
214 builtin function, operator, or method?, What's the difference between
215 calling a function as &foo and foo()?, How do I create a switch or case
216 statement?, How can I catch accesses to undefined
217 variables/functions/methods?, Why can't a method included in this same file
218 be found?, How can I find out my current package?, How can I comment out a
219 large block of perl code?, How do I clear a package?, How can I use a
220 variable as a variable name?, L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, How do I
221 find out which operating system I'm running under?, How come exec() doesn't
222 return?, How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?, How do I
223 print something out in color?, How do I read just one key without waiting
224 for a return key?, How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?,
225 How do I clear the screen?, How do I get the screen size?, How do I ask the
226 user for a password?, How do I read and write the serial port?, How do I
227 decode encrypted password files?, How do I start a process in the
228 background?, How do I trap control characters/signals?, How do I modify the
229 shadow password file on a Unix system?, How do I set the time and date?,
230 How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?, How can I measure time
231 under a second?, How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception
232 handling), Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)?
233 What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?, How can I call
234 my system's unique C functions from Perl?, Where do I get the include files
235 to do ioctl() or syscall()?, Why do setuid perl scripts complain about
236 kernel problems?, How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?, Why
237 can't I get the output of a command with system()?, How can I capture
238 STDERR from an external command?, Why doesn't open() return an error when a
239 pipe open fails?, What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?, How
240 can I call backticks without shell processing?, Why can't my script read
241 from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?, How can I
242 convert my shell script to perl?, Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp
243 session?, How can I write expect in Perl?, Is there a way to hide perl's
244 command line from programs such as "ps"?, I {changed directory, modified my
245 environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I
246 exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?, How do I close
247 a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?, How do I fork a
248 daemon process?, How do I make my program run with sh and csh?, How do I
249 find out if I'm running interactively or not?, How do I timeout a slow
250 event?, How do I set CPU limits?, How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?,
251 How do I use an SQL database?, How do I make a system() exit on control-C?,
252 How do I open a file without blocking?, How do I install a module from
253 CPAN?, What's the difference between require and use?, How do I keep my own
254 module/library directory?, How do I add the directory my program lives in
255 to the module/library search path?, How do I add a directory to my include
256 path at runtime?, What is socket.ph and where do I get it?, L<perlfaq9>:
257 Networking, My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser.
258 (500 Server Error), How can I get better error messages from a CGI
259 program?, How do I remove HTML from a string?, How do I extract URLs?, How
260 do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on
261 another machine?, How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?, How do I fetch an
262 HTML file?, How do I automate an HTML form submission?, How do I decode or
263 create those %-encodings on the web?, How do I redirect to another page?,
264 How do I put a password on my web pages?, How do I edit my .htpasswd and
265 .htgroup files with Perl?, How do I make sure users can't enter values into
266 a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?, How do I parse a mail
267 header?, How do I decode a CGI form?, How do I check a valid mail address?,
268 How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?, How do I return the user's mail
269 address?, How do I send mail?, How do I read mail?, How do I find out my
270 hostname/domainname/IP address?, How do I fetch a news article or the
271 active newsgroups?, How do I fetch/put an FTP file?, How can I do RPC in
276 =item Where to get this document
278 =item How to contribute to this document
280 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
287 =item Author and Copyright Information
291 =item Bundled Distributions
299 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, 24/April/97, 23/April/97,
300 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97
304 =head2 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
310 =item BASIC DOCUMENTATION
314 =item perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
316 SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, AVAILABILITY, ENVIRONMENT, AUTHOR, FILES, SEE ALSO,
317 DIAGNOSTICS, BUGS, NOTES
319 =item perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
328 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
336 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
346 =item Simple statements
348 =item Compound statements
356 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
360 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
362 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
368 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
382 =item Scalar value constructors
384 =item List value constructors
388 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
396 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
406 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
408 =item The Arrow Operator
410 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
414 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
416 =item Binding Operators
418 =item Multiplicative Operators
420 =item Additive Operators
422 =item Shift Operators
424 =item Named Unary Operators
426 =item Relational Operators
428 =item Equality Operators
432 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
434 =item C-style Logical And
436 =item C-style Logical Or
438 =item Range Operators
440 =item Conditional Operator
442 =item Assignment Operators
446 =item List Operators (Rightward)
452 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
454 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
456 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
458 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
460 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
462 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
463 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
464 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
465 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
467 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
469 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
470 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
471 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
472 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
477 =item Constant Folding
479 =item Bitwise String Operators
481 =item Integer Arithmetic
483 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
491 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
501 =item Private Variables via my()
503 =item Persistent Private Variables
505 =item Temporary Values via local()
507 =item Lvalue subroutines
509 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
511 =item When to Still Use local()
513 1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2.
514 You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3.
515 You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash
517 =item Pass by Reference
521 =item Constant Functions
523 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
527 =item Subroutine Attributes
535 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
543 =item Perl Functions by Category
545 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
546 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
547 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
548 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
549 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
550 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
551 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
552 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
553 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
554 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
559 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
561 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
562 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
563 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
564 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
565 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
566 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
567 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
568 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
569 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
570 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
571 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
572 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
573 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
574 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
575 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
576 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
577 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
578 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
579 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
580 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
581 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
582 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
583 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
584 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
585 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
586 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
587 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
588 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
589 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
590 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
591 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
592 FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
593 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
594 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
595 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
596 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
597 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
598 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
599 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
600 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
601 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
602 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
603 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
604 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
605 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
606 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
607 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
608 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
609 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
610 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
611 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
612 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
613 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
614 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
615 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
616 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
617 study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr
618 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
619 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
620 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
621 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
622 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
623 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
624 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
625 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
626 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
627 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
628 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
629 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
630 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
631 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
637 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
643 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
651 =item Making References
653 =item Using References
671 =item Distribution Conditions
677 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
683 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
684 more elaborate constructs
688 =item COMMON MISTAKES
690 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
692 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
698 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
702 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
704 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
706 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
710 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
714 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
716 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
718 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
722 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
726 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
728 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
730 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
734 =item HASHES OF HASHES
738 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
740 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
742 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
746 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
750 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
752 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
754 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
766 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
776 =item Simple word matching
778 =item Using character classes
780 \d is a digit and represents [0-9], \s is a whitespace character and
781 represents [\ \t\r\n\f], \w is a word character (alphanumeric or _) and
782 represents [0-9a-zA-Z_], \D is a negated \d; it represents any character
783 but a digit [^0-9], \S is a negated \s; it represents any non-whitespace
784 character [^\s], \W is a negated \w; it represents any non-word character
785 [^\w], The period '.' matches any character but "\n"
787 =item Matching this or that
789 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
791 =item Extracting matches
793 =item Matching repetitions
795 C<a?> = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C<a*> = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e.,
796 any number of times, C<a+> = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least
797 once, C<a{n,m}> = match at least C<n> times, but not more than C<m> times,
798 C<a{n,}> = match at least C<n> or more times, C<a{n}> = match exactly C<n>
803 =item Search and replace
805 =item The split operator
813 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
817 =item Acknowledgments
823 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
831 =item Verbatim Paragraph
833 =item Command Paragraph
835 =item Ordinary Block of Text
839 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
841 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
851 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
859 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
877 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
879 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
880 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
881 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
882 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
884 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
886 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
887 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
888 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
892 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
894 =item Numerical Traps
896 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
898 =item General data type traps
900 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
901 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
903 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
905 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
907 =item Precedence Traps
909 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
912 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
914 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
915 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
918 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
920 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
926 =item Interpolation Traps
928 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
929 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
935 =item Unclassified Traps
937 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
944 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
954 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
956 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
958 =item Location of Perl
960 =item Command Switches
962 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
963 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
964 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
965 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
966 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
967 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
974 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
975 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
976 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
980 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
988 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
996 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
998 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
1000 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
1004 =item Backward Compatibility
1006 =item Category Hierarchy
1008 =item Fatal Warnings
1010 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
1022 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
1030 =item Looking at data and -w and w
1034 =item Stepping through code
1036 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
1038 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
1056 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
1062 =item The Perl Debugger
1066 =item Debugger Commands
1068 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
1069 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
1070 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
1071 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
1072 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
1073 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
1074 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
1075 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
1076 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
1078 =item Configurable Options
1080 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
1081 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
1082 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
1083 C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
1084 C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
1085 C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
1087 =item Debugger input/output
1089 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
1092 =item Debugging compile-time statements
1094 =item Debugger Customization
1096 =item Readline Support
1098 =item Editor Support for Debugging
1100 =item The Perl Profiler
1104 =item Debugging regular expressions
1106 =item Debugging memory usage
1114 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1122 =item Predefined Names
1124 $ARG, $_, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1125 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1126 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1127 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1128 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
1129 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
1130 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
1131 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
1132 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
1133 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
1134 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
1135 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
1136 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
1137 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
1138 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
1139 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
1140 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1141 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1142 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1143 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1144 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1145 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1146 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
1147 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
1148 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1149 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1150 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
1151 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC,
1152 %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1154 =item Error Indicators
1156 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1164 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1170 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1172 =item Growing Your Own
1174 =item Access and Printing
1184 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1190 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1198 =item The Minus File
1200 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1206 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1210 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1214 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1218 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1220 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1222 =item Paths as Opens
1224 =item Single Argument Open
1226 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1230 =item Other I/O Issues
1234 =item Opening Non-File Files
1244 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1250 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1256 =item Part 1: The basics
1260 =item Simple word matching
1262 =item Using character classes
1264 \d is a digit and represents [0-9], \s is a whitespace character and
1265 represents [\ \t\r\n\f], \w is a word character (alphanumeric or _) and
1266 represents [0-9a-zA-Z_], \D is a negated \d; it represents any character
1267 but a digit [^0-9], \S is a negated \s; it represents any non-whitespace
1268 character [^\s], \W is a negated \w; it represents any non-word character
1269 [^\w], The period '.' matches any character but "\n", no modifiers (//):
1270 Default behavior. C<'.'> matches any character except C<"\n">. C<^>
1271 matches only at the beginning of the string and C<$> matches only at the
1272 end or before a newline at the end, s modifier (//s): Treat string as a
1273 single long line. C<'.'> matches any character, even C<"\n">. C<^>
1274 matches only at the beginning of the string and C<$> matches only at the
1275 end or before a newline at the end, m modifier (//m): Treat string as a set
1276 of multiple lines. C<'.'> matches any character except C<"\n">. C<^> and
1277 C<$> are able to match at the start or end of I<any> line within the
1278 string, both s and m modifiers (//sm): Treat string as a single long line,
1279 but detect multiple lines. C<'.'> matches any character, even C<"\n">.
1280 C<^> and C<$>, however, are able to match at the start or end of I<any>
1281 line within the string
1283 =item Matching this or that
1285 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1287 0 Start with the first letter in the string 'a', 1 Try the first
1288 alternative in the first group 'abd', 2 Match 'a' followed by 'b'. So far
1289 so good, 3 'd' in the regexp doesn't match 'c' in the string - a dead end.
1290 So backtrack two characters and pick the second alternative in the first
1291 group 'abc', 4 Match 'a' followed by 'b' followed by 'c'. We are on a roll
1292 and have satisfied the first group. Set $1 to 'abc', 5 Move on to the
1293 second group and pick the first alternative 'df', 6 Match the 'd', 7 'f' in
1294 the regexp doesn't match 'e' in the string, so a dead end. Backtrack one
1295 character and pick the second alternative in the second group 'd', 8 'd'
1296 matches. The second grouping is satisfied, so set $2 to 'd', 9 We are at
1297 the end of the regexp, so we are done! We have matched 'abcd' out of the
1300 =item Extracting matches
1302 =item Matching repetitions
1304 C<a?> = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C<a*> = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e.,
1305 any number of times, C<a+> = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least
1306 once, C<a{n,m}> = match at least C<n> times, but not more than C<m> times,
1307 C<a{n,}> = match at least C<n> or more times, C<a{n}> = match exactly C<n>
1308 times, Principle 0: Taken as a whole, any regexp will be matched at the
1309 earliest possible position in the string, Principle 1: In an alternation
1310 C<a|b|c...>, the leftmost alternative that allows a match for the whole
1311 regexp will be the one used, Principle 2: The maximal matching quantifiers
1312 C<?>, C<*>, C<+> and C<{n,m}> will in general match as much of the string
1313 as possible while still allowing the whole regexp to match, Principle 3: If
1314 there are two or more elements in a regexp, the leftmost greedy quantifier,
1315 if any, will match as much of the string as possible while still allowing
1316 the whole regexp to match. The next leftmost greedy quantifier, if any,
1317 will try to match as much of the string remaining available to it as
1318 possible, while still allowing the whole regexp to match. And so on, until
1319 all the regexp elements are satisfied, C<a??> = match 'a' 0 or 1 times. Try
1320 0 first, then 1, C<a*?> = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e., any number of
1321 times, but as few times as possible, C<a+?> = match 'a' 1 or more times,
1322 i.e., at least once, but as few times as possible, C<a{n,m}?> = match at
1323 least C<n> times, not more than C<m> times, as few times as possible,
1324 C<a{n,}?> = match at least C<n> times, but as few times as possible,
1325 C<a{n}?> = match exactly C<n> times. Because we match exactly C<n> times,
1326 C<a{n}?> is equivalent to C<a{n}> and is just there for notational
1327 consistency, Principle 3: If there are two or more elements in a regexp,
1328 the leftmost greedy (non-greedy) quantifier, if any, will match as much
1329 (little) of the string as possible while still allowing the whole regexp to
1330 match. The next leftmost greedy (non-greedy) quantifier, if any, will try
1331 to match as much (little) of the string remaining available to it as
1332 possible, while still allowing the whole regexp to match. And so on, until
1333 all the regexp elements are satisfied, 0 Start with the first letter in the
1334 string 't', 1 The first quantifier '.*' starts out by matching the whole
1335 string 'the cat in the hat', 2 'a' in the regexp element 'at' doesn't match
1336 the end of the string. Backtrack one character, 3 'a' in the regexp
1337 element 'at' still doesn't match the last letter of the string 't', so
1338 backtrack one more character, 4 Now we can match the 'a' and the 't', 5
1339 Move on to the third element '.*'. Since we are at the end of the string
1340 and '.*' can match 0 times, assign it the empty string, 6 We are done!
1342 =item Building a regexp
1344 specifying the task in detail,, breaking down the problem into smaller
1345 parts,, translating the small parts into regexps,, combining the regexps,,
1346 and optimizing the final combined regexp
1348 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1352 =item Part 2: Power tools
1356 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1358 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1360 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1362 =item Non-capturing groupings
1364 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1366 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1368 =item Conditional expressions
1370 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1372 =item Pragmas and debugging
1380 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1384 =item Acknowledgments
1390 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1400 =item Regular Expressions
1402 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1404 =item Extended Patterns
1406 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1407 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1408 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1409 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1413 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1415 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1417 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1419 =item Combining pieces together
1421 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1422 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1423 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1424 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1426 =item Creating custom RE engines
1436 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1446 =item Making References
1448 =item Using References
1450 =item Symbolic references
1452 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1454 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1456 =item Function Templates
1466 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1474 =item Format Variables
1484 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1492 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1500 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1502 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1504 =item Invoking a barnyard
1506 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1508 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1510 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1512 =item A few notes about @ISA
1514 =item Overriding the methods
1516 =item Starting the search from a different place
1518 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1520 =item Where we're at so far...
1522 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1524 =item Invoking an instance method
1526 =item Accessing the instance data
1528 =item How to build a horse
1530 =item Inheriting the constructor
1532 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1534 =item Adding parameters to a method
1536 =item More interesting instances
1538 =item A horse of a different color
1550 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1556 =item Creating a Class
1560 =item Object Representation
1562 =item Class Interface
1564 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1566 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1570 =item Other Object Methods
1578 =item Accessing Class Data
1580 =item Debugging Methods
1582 =item Class Destructors
1584 =item Documenting the Interface
1594 =item Overridden Methods
1596 =item Multiple Inheritance
1598 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1602 =item Alternate Object Representations
1606 =item Arrays as Objects
1608 =item Closures as Objects
1612 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1616 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1618 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1622 =item Metaclassical Tools
1628 =item Data Members as Variables
1632 =item Object Terminology
1638 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1644 =item Acknowledgments
1650 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1656 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1660 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1662 =item Inheritance Concerns
1664 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1666 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1668 =item Monadic Classes
1670 =item Translucent Attributes
1674 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1678 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1680 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1682 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1684 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1686 =item Translucency Revisited
1694 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1696 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1702 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1710 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1712 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1714 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1716 =item Method Invocation
1720 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1722 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1728 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1736 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1742 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1744 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1746 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1748 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1750 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1752 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1754 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1756 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1758 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1760 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1766 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1778 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
1782 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1787 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1788 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1789 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
1791 =item Tying FileHandles
1793 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1794 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this
1796 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1808 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1809 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1825 =item Using open() for IPC
1831 =item Background Processes
1833 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1835 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1837 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1839 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1843 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1847 =item Internet Line Terminators
1849 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1851 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1855 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1859 =item A Simple Client
1861 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1863 =item A Webget Client
1865 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1869 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1871 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1873 =item UDP: Message Passing
1887 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1897 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1899 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1900 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1901 files, directories and network sockets
1903 =item Resource limits
1905 =item Killing the parent process
1907 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1909 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1911 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1912 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1913 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1925 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1933 =item Storing numbers
1935 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1937 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1939 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1940 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1941 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1950 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1956 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1958 =item Threaded Program Models
1970 =item Native threads
1972 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1974 =item Threadsafe Modules
1980 =item Basic Thread Support
1982 =item Creating Threads
1984 =item Giving up control
1986 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1988 =item Errors In Threads
1990 =item Ignoring A Thread
1994 =item Threads And Data
1998 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2000 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2002 =item Controlling access: lock()
2004 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2006 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2010 =item Threads And Code
2014 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2016 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
2018 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
2020 =item Subroutine Locks
2024 =item Locking A Subroutine
2028 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2032 =item What Thread Am I In?
2036 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2038 =item What Threads Are Running?
2042 =item A Complete Example
2050 =item Introductory Texts
2052 =item OS-Related References
2054 =item Other References
2058 =item Acknowledgements
2066 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2072 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2081 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2083 =item Files and Filesystems
2085 =item System Interaction
2087 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2089 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2091 =item Standard Modules
2095 =item Character sets and character encoding
2097 =item Internationalisation
2099 =item System Resources
2109 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2110 http://testers.cpan.org/
2118 =item DOS and Derivatives
2120 Build instructions for OS/2, L<perlos2>
2128 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2136 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2140 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2142 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2143 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2144 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2145 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
2146 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
2147 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
2148 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
2149 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
2150 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
2151 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
2152 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
2153 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
2154 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
2155 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
2156 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
2157 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
2158 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2159 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2160 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2161 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair
2162 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat,
2163 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2164 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2165 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2166 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2172 v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999,
2173 v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May
2174 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December
2175 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August
2176 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998,
2179 =item Supported Platforms
2183 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2189 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2196 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2202 =item The use locale pragma
2204 =item The setlocale function
2206 =item Finding locales
2208 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2210 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2212 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2214 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2216 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2218 =item The localeconv function
2222 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2226 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2228 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2230 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2232 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2236 =item Other categories
2242 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
2243 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>),
2244 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
2245 B<Output formatting functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping
2246 functions> (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent
2247 functions> (localeconv(), strcoll(), strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX
2248 character class tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(), isgraph(),
2249 islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), isxdigit()):
2253 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2254 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2260 =item Backward compatibility
2262 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2264 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2266 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2268 =item Freely available locale definitions
2272 =item An imperfect standard
2280 =item Broken systems
2290 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2298 =item Important Caveat
2300 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2301 to enable a few features
2303 =item Byte and Character semantics
2305 =item Effects of character semantics
2307 =item Character encodings for input and output
2317 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2323 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2331 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2335 =item 13 variant characters
2345 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2347 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4
2349 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2353 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2355 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2357 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2359 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2367 =item Ignore ASCII vs EBCDIC sort differences.
2369 =item MONOCASE then sort data.
2371 =item Convert, sort data, then reconvert.
2373 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2377 =item URL ENCODING and DECODING
2381 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2393 dataset access, locales
2407 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2415 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2417 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2419 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2423 =item Protecting Your Programs
2431 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2443 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2455 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2461 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2465 =item Pragmatic Modules
2467 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2468 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops,
2469 overload, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings
2471 =item Standard Modules
2473 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
2474 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
2475 B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI,
2476 CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push,
2477 CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy,
2478 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue,
2479 English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command,
2480 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2481 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS,
2482 ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2483 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2484 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
2485 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
2486 File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2,
2487 File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp,
2488 File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
2489 I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2490 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent,
2491 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find,
2492 Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
2493 Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Termcap,
2494 Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
2495 Socket, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine,
2496 Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex,
2497 Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar,
2498 Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm,
2499 UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
2501 =item Extension Modules
2507 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
2508 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
2509 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
2510 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
2511 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
2512 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
2513 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
2514 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
2515 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
2516 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
2517 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
2518 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
2519 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe,
2520 North America, South America
2522 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2526 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2528 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
2529 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
2530 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
2531 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
2532 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
2533 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
2534 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
2535 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
2536 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
2537 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
2538 care when changing a released module
2540 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2542 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
2543 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
2544 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
2545 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
2547 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2549 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
2550 applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the
2551 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
2552 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
2553 can then be reduced to a small
2561 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2571 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2572 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2586 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2596 =item What should I make into a module?
2598 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2600 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2602 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2604 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2605 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2606 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2608 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2610 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2611 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2621 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2622 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2632 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2634 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2636 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2638 =item What is perl6?
2640 =item How stable is Perl?
2642 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2644 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2647 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2649 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2651 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2653 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2655 =item What is a JAPH?
2657 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2659 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2660 (5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?
2664 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2668 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2669 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2677 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2679 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2681 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2683 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2686 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2687 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2689 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2690 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2692 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2694 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2696 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2698 =item Where should I post source code?
2702 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2704 =item Perl in Magazines
2706 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2708 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2710 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2712 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2714 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2716 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2720 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2724 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2733 =item How do I do (anything)?
2735 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2737 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2739 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2741 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2743 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2745 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2747 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2749 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2751 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2753 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2755 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2757 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2759 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2761 =item What is undump?
2763 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2765 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2767 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2769 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2771 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2773 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2775 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2777 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2779 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2781 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2783 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2785 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2787 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2789 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2791 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2792 my C program, what am I doing wrong?
2794 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2797 =item What's MakeMaker?
2801 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2805 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2816 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2817 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2819 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2821 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2824 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2826 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2828 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2830 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2832 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2834 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2842 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2844 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2846 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2848 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2850 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2852 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2854 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2862 =item How do I validate input?
2864 =item How do I unescape a string?
2866 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2868 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2870 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2872 =item How do I reverse a string?
2874 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2876 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2878 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2880 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2882 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2885 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2887 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2888 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2890 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2892 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2894 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2896 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2898 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2900 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2902 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2904 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2905 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2914 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2916 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2918 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2920 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted: (this assumes all true
2921 values in the array), b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like
2922 (b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any
2923 loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive
2926 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
2928 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2929 intersection of two arrays?
2931 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2933 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2935 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2937 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2939 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2941 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2943 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2945 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2947 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2949 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2951 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2955 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2959 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2961 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2964 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2966 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2968 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2970 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2972 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2974 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2976 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2978 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2980 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2982 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2984 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2987 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2988 array of hashes or arrays?
2990 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2998 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3000 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3002 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3004 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3006 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3008 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3010 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3014 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3018 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
3027 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3029 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3030 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3032 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3034 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3036 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3038 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3039 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3041 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3043 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3045 =item How can I write() into a string?
3047 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3049 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3051 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3053 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3055 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3057 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3059 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3061 =item How can I lock a file?
3063 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3065 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3066 the file. How can I do this?
3068 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3070 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3072 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3074 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3076 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3078 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3080 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3082 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3084 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3086 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3088 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3090 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
3091 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3093 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3095 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3096 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3098 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3100 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3104 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3108 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
3116 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3117 and unmaintainable code?
3119 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3121 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3123 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3126 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3128 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
3131 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3133 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3135 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3137 =item What is C</o> really for?
3139 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3142 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3144 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3146 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3148 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3150 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3152 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3154 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3156 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3158 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3160 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3162 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3164 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3166 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3170 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3174 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
3175 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
3183 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3185 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3188 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3191 =item How do I skip some return values?
3193 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3195 =item What's an extension?
3197 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3199 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3201 =item How do I create a module?
3203 =item How do I create a class?
3205 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3207 =item What's a closure?
3209 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3211 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3214 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3217 =item How do I create a static variable?
3219 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3220 Between local() and my()?
3222 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3225 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3227 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3229 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3231 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3233 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3235 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3237 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3239 =item How can I find out my current package?
3241 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3243 =item How do I clear a package?
3245 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3249 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3253 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
3262 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3264 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3266 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3268 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3270 =item How do I print something out in color?
3272 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3274 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3276 =item How do I clear the screen?
3278 =item How do I get the screen size?
3280 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3282 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3284 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3286 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3288 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3290 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3292 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3294 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3296 =item How do I set the time and date?
3298 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3300 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3302 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3304 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3305 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3307 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3309 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3311 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3313 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3315 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3317 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3319 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3321 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3323 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3325 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3328 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3330 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3332 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3334 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3337 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3338 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3339 changes to be visible?
3343 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3346 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3348 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3350 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3352 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3354 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3356 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3358 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3360 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3362 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3364 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3366 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3368 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3371 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3373 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3377 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3381 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3390 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3393 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3395 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3397 =item How do I extract URLs?
3399 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3400 file on another machine?
3402 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3404 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3406 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3408 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3410 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3412 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3414 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3416 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3417 CGI script to do bad things?
3419 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3421 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3423 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3425 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3427 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3429 =item How do I send mail?
3431 =item How do I read mail?
3433 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3435 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3437 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3439 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3443 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3447 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3457 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3461 =item Using The Back Ends
3465 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3469 =item The Decompiling Back End
3471 =item The Lint Back End
3473 =item The Simple C Back End
3475 =item The Bytecode Back End
3477 =item The Optimized C Back End
3479 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3480 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3481 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3485 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3491 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3501 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3502 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3506 =item Compiling your C program
3508 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3510 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3512 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3514 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3516 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3518 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3520 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3522 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3527 =item Embedding Perl under Windows
3537 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3543 =item Debugger Internals
3547 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3551 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3553 =item Debugging regular expressions
3557 =item Compile-time output
3559 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3560 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3561 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3564 =item Types of nodes
3566 =item Run-time output
3570 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3574 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3576 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3577 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3580 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3582 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3584 =item B<-DL> details
3588 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3596 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3608 =item Version caveat
3610 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3622 =item What has gone on?
3624 =item Writing good test scripts
3628 =item What's new here?
3630 =item Input and Output Parameters
3632 =item The XSUBPP Program
3634 =item The TYPEMAP file
3636 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3640 =item What has happened here?
3642 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3644 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3646 =item More about XSUB arguments
3648 =item The Argument Stack
3650 =item Extending your Extension
3652 =item Documenting your Extension
3654 =item Installing your Extension
3658 =item New Things in this Example
3662 =item New Things in this Example
3664 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3666 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3668 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3670 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3686 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3698 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3700 =item The Argument Stack
3702 =item The RETVAL Variable
3704 =item The MODULE Keyword
3706 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3708 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3710 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3712 =item The CODE: Keyword
3714 =item The INIT: Keyword
3716 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3718 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3720 =item Default Parameter Values
3722 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3724 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3726 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3728 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3730 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3732 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3734 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3736 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3738 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3740 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3742 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3744 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3746 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3748 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3750 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3752 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3754 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3756 =item The CASE: Keyword
3758 =item The & Unary Operator
3760 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3762 =item Using XS With C++
3764 =item Interface Strategy
3766 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3780 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3792 =item What is an "IV"?
3794 =item Working with SVs
3796 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3798 =item Working with AVs
3800 =item Working with HVs
3802 =item Hash API Extensions
3806 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3808 =item Creating New Variables
3810 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3812 =item Stashes and Globs
3814 =item Double-Typed SVs
3816 =item Magic Variables
3818 =item Assigning Magic
3820 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3824 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3826 =item Localizing changes
3828 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3829 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP
3830 *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char
3831 *key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void
3832 *p)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>,
3833 C<SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV
3834 *gv)>, C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32
3835 maxsarg)>, C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>,
3836 C<void save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3844 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3846 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3848 =item Memory Allocation
3852 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3856 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3866 =item Examining the tree
3868 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3870 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3872 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3874 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3878 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3882 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3884 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3886 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3890 =item Internal Functions
3892 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, m, o, j, x
3896 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3898 =item Source Documentation
3902 =item Unicode Support
3906 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3908 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3910 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3912 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3914 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3916 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3926 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3932 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3934 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3936 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3956 =item Determining the Context
3960 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3966 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3968 =item Passing Parameters
3970 =item Returning a Scalar
3972 =item Returning a list of values
3974 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3976 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3980 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3984 =item Using call_argv
3986 =item Using call_method
3990 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3992 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3994 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3995 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3998 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4000 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4012 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4022 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4023 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4024 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4025 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4029 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4033 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4034 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4042 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4052 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4054 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4056 B<Decryption Filters>
4058 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4060 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4062 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4074 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4082 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4083 B<filter_fetch_value>
4089 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4091 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4101 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4107 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4108 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4109 bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, CLASS, Copy,
4110 croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv,
4111 eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv, get_hv,
4112 get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
4113 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD,
4114 G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV,
4115 HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete,
4116 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4117 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4118 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
4119 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number,
4120 MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical,
4121 mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc,
4122 NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv,
4123 newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
4124 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse,
4125 perl_run, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_modglobal,
4126 PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs,
4127 PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc,
4128 require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST,
4129 strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy,
4130 SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_off,
4131 SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off,
4132 SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK,
4133 SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force,
4134 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
4135 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4136 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV,
4137 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUPGRADE, SvUV,
4138 SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4139 sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear,
4140 sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets,
4141 sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8,
4142 sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force,
4143 sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4144 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg,
4145 sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv,
4146 sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
4147 sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
4148 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn,
4149 sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, U8 *s, utf8_to_bytes, warn, XPUSHi,
4150 XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV,
4151 XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES,
4152 XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION,
4153 XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
4161 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4176 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4184 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
4185 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
4186 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4187 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4188 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4189 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4190 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4191 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
4192 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4193 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
4197 =item Co-existence with stdio
4199 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4200 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
4201 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4202 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
4203 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
4204 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4210 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4216 =item Infrastructure
4220 =item Mailing list archives
4222 =item Bug tracking system
4224 =item Regression Tests
4226 Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to
4249 Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs
4253 =item Perl Internals
4259 =item Garbage Collection
4261 =item Reliable signals
4263 Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed
4264 sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN
4266 =item Interpolated regex performance bugs
4268 =item Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp
4270 =item Make XS easier to use
4272 =item Make embedded Perl easier to use
4274 =item Namespace cleanup
4286 =item A clear division into tutorial and reference
4288 =item Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions
4290 =item More tutorials
4292 Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging
4294 =item Include a search tool
4296 =item Include a locate tool
4298 =item Separate function manpages by default
4300 =item Users can't find the manpages
4302 =item Install ALL Documentation
4304 =item Outstanding issues to be documented
4306 =item Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl
4308 =item Replace man with a perl program
4310 =item Unicode tutorial
4318 =item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2
4320 =item Module versions
4328 VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice
4330 =item Procedural options
4334 =item y2k localtime/gmtime
4336 =item Export File::Find variables
4340 =item Debugger attach/detach
4342 =item Regular Expression debugger
4344 =item Alternative RE Syntax
4346 =item Bundled modules
4352 =item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc.
4354 =item POD Converters
4370 =item POSIX on non-POSIX
4372 =item Portable installations
4380 =item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest
4382 =item Sort out the spawnvp() mess
4384 =item Work out DLL versioning
4390 =item Would be nice to have
4392 C<pack "(stuff)*">, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled
4393 perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format
4394 BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input
4395 should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun
4396 debugger, lvalue functions
4398 =item Possible pragmas
4410 =item constant function cache
4412 =item foreach(reverse...)
4414 =item Cache eval tree
4418 =item Shrink opcode tables
4420 =item Cache hash value
4422 =item Optimize away @_ where possible
4424 =item Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b }
4426 =item Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization
4430 =item Vague possibilities
4432 ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?,
4433 Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real
4434 threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al
4436 =item To Do Or Not To Do
4440 =item Making my() work on "package" variables
4442 =item "or" testing defined not truth
4444 =item "dynamic" lexicals
4446 =item "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals"
4462 =item External threads
4468 =item Per-thread GVs
4480 =item Precompiled modules
4484 =item Typed lexicals
4494 =item Cached compilation
4498 =item Recently Finished Tasks
4502 =item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter)
4508 =item Namespace cleanup
4520 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4526 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4527 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4528 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4529 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4530 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4531 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4532 work?, Patches speak louder than words, L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and
4533 L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>, F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4537 =item Finding Your Way Around
4539 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4541 =item Elements of the interpreter
4543 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4545 =item Internal Variable Types
4551 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4553 =item Millions of Macros
4555 =item Poking at Perl
4557 =item Using a source-level debugger
4559 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4562 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4568 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4576 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4584 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4596 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4598 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4602 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4606 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4612 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4614 =item Incompatible Changes
4616 =item Core Enhancements
4618 =item Modules and Pragmata
4624 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4628 =item Utility Changes
4630 =item New Documentation
4632 =item Performance Enhancements
4634 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4638 =item Generic Improvements
4642 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4644 sort() arguments are now compiled in the right wantarray context (they were
4645 accidentally using the context of the sort() itself)
4649 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4653 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4655 =item Changed Internals
4657 =item Known Problems
4661 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4663 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4665 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4667 In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s
4671 =item Reporting Bugs
4679 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4685 =item Core Enhancements
4689 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4691 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4693 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4695 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4697 =item "our" declarations
4699 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4701 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4703 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4705 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4707 =item open() with more than two arguments
4709 =item 64-bit support
4711 =item Large file support
4717 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4719 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4721 =item File globbing implemented internally
4723 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4725 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4727 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4729 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4731 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4733 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4735 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4737 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4739 =item Comments in pack() templates
4741 =item Weak references
4743 =item Binary numbers supported
4745 =item Lvalue subroutines
4747 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4749 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4751 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4753 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
4755 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
4757 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
4759 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
4761 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
4763 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
4765 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
4767 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
4769 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
4771 =item Improved diagnostics
4773 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
4775 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
4777 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
4779 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
4781 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
4783 =item Improved security features
4785 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
4787 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
4789 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
4791 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
4793 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
4795 =item Optional Y2K warnings
4797 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
4801 =item Modules and Pragmata
4807 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
4808 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
4809 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
4810 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
4811 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
4812 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
4813 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
4814 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
4820 =item Utility Changes
4834 =item The Perl Debugger
4838 =item Improved Documentation
4840 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
4841 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
4842 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
4843 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
4845 =item Performance enhancements
4849 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
4851 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
4853 =item Faster subroutine calls
4855 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
4859 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4863 =item -Dusethreads means something different
4865 =item New Configure flags
4867 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
4873 =item -Duselargefiles
4875 =item installusrbinperl
4881 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
4885 =item Platform specific changes
4889 =item Supported platforms
4893 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
4901 =item Significant bug fixes
4905 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
4907 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
4909 =item All compilation errors are true errors
4911 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
4913 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
4915 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
4917 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
4919 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
4921 =item Failures in DESTROY()
4923 =item Locale bugs fixed
4927 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
4929 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
4931 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
4933 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
4937 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4939 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
4940 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
4941 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
4942 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
4943 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
4944 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
4945 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
4946 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
4947 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
4948 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
4949 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
4950 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
4951 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
4952 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
4953 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
4954 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
4955 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
4956 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
4957 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
4958 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
4959 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
4960 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
4961 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
4962 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
4963 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
4964 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
4965 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
4966 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
4967 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
4968 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
4969 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
4970 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
4971 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
4972 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
4973 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
4974 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
4975 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
4976 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
4977 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
4978 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
4979 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
4980 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
4981 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
4982 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
4983 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
4984 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
4985 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
4986 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
4987 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
4988 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
4992 =item Incompatible Changes
4996 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
4998 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
4999 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5000 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5001 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5002 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5003 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), values() and
5004 C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values, not copies, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS)
5005 enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed,
5006 C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator,
5007 Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit
5008 operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their
5011 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5013 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5015 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5017 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5019 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5023 =item Known Problems
5027 =item Thread test failures
5029 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5031 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5033 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5035 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5038 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5040 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5042 =item Experimental features
5044 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5045 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5046 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression constructs C<(?{ code })>
5051 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5053 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5054 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5055 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5056 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5058 =item Reporting Bugs
5066 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5072 =item About the new versioning system
5074 =item Incompatible Changes
5078 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5080 =item Default installation structure has changed
5082 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5084 =item C Source Compatibility
5086 Core sources now require ANSI C compiler, All Perl global variables must
5087 now be referenced with an explicit prefix, Enabling threads has source
5088 compatibility issues
5090 =item Binary Compatibility
5092 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5094 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5108 =item Regular Expressions
5110 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5111 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5112 improvements, Incompatible changes
5114 =item Improved malloc()
5116 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5118 =item Reliable signals
5120 =item Reliable stack pointers
5122 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5126 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5128 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5130 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5132 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5134 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5136 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5138 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5140 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5142 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5144 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5146 =item Better locale support
5148 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5150 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5152 =item Extended support for exception handling
5154 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5156 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5158 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5160 =item New C<lock> keyword
5162 =item New C<qr//> operator
5164 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5166 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5168 =item Tied handles support is better
5170 =item 4th argument to substr
5172 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5174 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5176 =item <> now reads in records
5180 =item Supported Platforms
5186 =item Changes in existing support
5190 =item Modules and Pragmata
5196 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5197 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5198 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5200 =item Changes in existing modules
5202 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5203 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd, Benchmark
5207 =item Utility Changes
5209 =item Documentation Changes
5211 =item New Diagnostics
5213 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5214 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5215 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5216 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5217 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5218 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5219 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5220 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5221 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5222 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5223 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5224 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5225 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5226 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5227 detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s', Reference found
5228 where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use
5229 of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5231 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5233 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5234 temporary file, regexp too big
5236 =item Configuration Changes
5246 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5252 =item Supported Environments
5258 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5260 =item "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error now lists @INC
5262 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5264 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5266 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5268 =item More precise warnings
5270 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5272 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5274 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5276 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5278 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5280 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5282 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5284 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5286 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5288 =item Changes to tainting checks
5290 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5291 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5293 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5295 =item Embedding improvements
5297 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5299 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5301 =item New and changed syntax
5305 =item New and changed builtin constants
5309 =item New and changed builtin variables
5313 =item New and changed builtin functions
5315 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5316 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5317 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5318 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5319 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5321 =item New builtin methods
5323 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5325 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5327 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5328 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5330 =item Malloc enhancements
5332 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5334 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5338 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5354 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5355 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5361 =item Required Updates
5363 =item Installation directories
5365 =item Module information summary
5379 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5383 =item Utility Changes
5389 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5393 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5397 =item C Language API Changes
5399 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5402 =item Documentation Changes
5404 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5405 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5407 =item New Diagnostics
5409 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5410 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5411 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5412 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5413 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5414 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5415 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5416 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5417 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5418 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5419 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5420 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5421 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5422 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5423 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5424 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5425 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5426 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for
5427 "B<-T>" option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist,
5428 Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to
5429 mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with
5430 defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay
5431 shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in
5432 prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX,
5433 PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5443 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS (possibly very outdated information)
5459 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5461 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5463 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5465 fork(), some features of the UNIX filesystem regarding link count and file
5466 dates, inplace operation (the -i switch) without backup file, umask()
5467 works, but the correct permissions are only set when the file is
5474 =item Accessing documentation
5482 =item B<GNU> C<info> files
5494 =item Getting the perl source
5500 =item Installing the built perl
5510 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5520 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5522 =item Cygwin Configuration
5524 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5532 =item Strip Binaries
5534 =item Optional Libraries
5536 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5537 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5539 =item Configure-time Options
5541 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5542 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5544 =item Suspicious Warnings
5546 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Checking how std your stdio is..,
5547 Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5565 =item File Permissions
5569 =item Filetime Granularity
5571 =item Tainting Checks
5575 =item Script Portability
5577 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5585 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5586 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5596 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
5610 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
5626 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
5635 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
5645 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
5647 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
5649 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
5651 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5657 =item GDBM and Threads
5659 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5661 =item perl -P and //
5671 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
5680 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
5682 =item Failures during C<make test>
5684 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
5686 =item Building external modules
5696 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
5712 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
5714 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
5716 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
5722 =item Frequently asked questions
5726 =item I cannot run external programs
5728 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
5731 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
5734 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
5736 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
5744 =item Automatic binary installation
5746 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
5748 =item Manual binary installation
5750 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
5751 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
5752 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
5753 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
5754 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
5760 =item Accessing documentation
5764 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
5772 =item GNU C<info> files
5786 =item Getting perl source
5788 =item Application of the patches
5796 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
5797 F<lib/io_pipe.t>, F<lib/io_sock.t>, F<op/stat.t>, F<lib/io_udp.t>
5799 =item Installing the built perl
5801 =item C<a.out>-style build
5809 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
5811 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
5813 =item Problems with tr or sed
5815 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
5817 =item Library ... not found
5819 =item Segfault in make
5821 =item op/sprintf test failure
5825 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
5829 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
5833 =item C<extproc> on the first line
5835 =item Additional modules:
5837 =item Prebuilt methods:
5839 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
5840 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
5841 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
5842 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
5843 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
5844 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>
5850 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<flock>
5864 =item F<perl___.exe>
5866 =item Why strange names?
5868 =item Why dynamic linking?
5870 =item Why chimera build?
5872 explicit fork(), open FH, "|-", open FH, "-|"
5880 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
5882 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
5884 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
5886 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
5888 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
5890 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
5900 =item DLL name mangling
5904 =item Calls to external programs
5906 =item Memory allocation
5910 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
5924 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
5936 =item Setup and utilities
5940 =item Build, test, install
5962 =head2 perlposix-bc, README.posix-bc - building and installing Perl for
6003 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6011 =item Organization of Perl Images
6017 =item Perl Extensions
6019 =item Installing static extensions
6021 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6025 =item File specifications
6031 =item Wildcard expansion
6037 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6043 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6045 =item Command line switches
6051 =item Perl functions
6053 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6054 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6055 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6056 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6058 =item Perl variables
6060 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $|
6062 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6076 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
6088 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC
6098 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
6099 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
6100 Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things
6104 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
6114 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6116 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6128 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6138 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6148 =item Built-in Attributes
6150 locked, method, lvalue
6152 =item Available Subroutines
6156 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6158 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6160 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6168 =item Default exports
6170 =item Available exports
6172 =item Export tags defined
6182 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6194 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6210 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6224 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6238 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6251 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6260 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6266 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
6276 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
6286 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
6297 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
6299 =item The I<splain> Program
6313 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
6327 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
6337 =item subpragma access
6343 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
6354 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
6364 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
6374 =item Adding directories to @INC
6376 =item Deleting directories from @INC
6378 =item Restoring original @INC
6388 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
6399 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
6407 =item UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY
6413 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
6425 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
6435 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
6437 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
6439 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
6441 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
6443 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
6445 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
6447 =item Overloadable Operations
6449 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
6450 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
6451 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
6453 =item Inheritance and overloading
6455 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
6456 is inherited by derived classes
6460 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
6468 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
6470 =item Copy Constructor
6476 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
6478 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
6479 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
6480 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
6483 =item Losing overloading
6485 =item Run-time Overloading
6487 =item Public functions
6489 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
6491 =item Overloading constants
6493 integer, float, binary, q, qr
6495 =item IMPLEMENTATION
6497 =item Metaphor clash
6503 =item Two-face scalars
6505 =item Two-face references
6507 =item Symbolic calculator
6509 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
6521 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6531 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
6543 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
6545 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
6549 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
6553 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
6561 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
6569 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
6573 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
6583 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code
6595 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
6605 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
6613 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
6614 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
6615 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
6616 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
6617 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
6621 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
6623 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
6625 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
6635 =item DBM Comparisons
6645 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
6655 =item Subroutine Stubs
6657 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6659 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6661 =item Package Lexicals
6663 =item Not Using AutoLoader
6665 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
6675 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
6683 $keep, $check, $modtime
6687 =item Multiple packages
6695 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
6703 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
6707 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
6715 IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv
6729 =item B::PVMG METHODS
6733 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
6735 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
6737 =item B::PVLV METHODS
6739 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
6743 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
6747 is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE,
6748 FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
6752 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
6753 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
6757 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
6761 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
6766 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
6768 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
6772 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
6774 =item B::UNOP METHOD
6778 =item B::BINOP METHOD
6782 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
6786 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
6790 =item B::PMOP METHODS
6792 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
6794 =item B::SVOP METHOD
6798 =item B::PADOP METHOD
6802 =item B::PVOP METHOD
6806 =item B::LOOP METHODS
6808 redoop, nextop, lastop
6810 =item B::COP METHODS
6812 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
6816 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
6818 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
6819 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
6820 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM),
6821 hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
6827 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
6840 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
6852 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
6864 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
6874 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
6875 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
6876 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-Ppackage> Stores package in the
6887 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
6897 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
6898 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
6908 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
6918 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
6919 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
6920 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
6932 =item Context of ".."
6936 =item Deprecated features
6944 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
6956 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
6966 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I<PACKAGE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
6967 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>
6969 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
6989 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7001 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7009 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7011 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7012 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7014 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7024 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7034 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7040 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7052 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7064 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7066 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7078 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7088 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7096 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7108 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7122 =item Standard Exports
7124 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7125 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7126 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7128 =item Optional Exports
7130 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7131 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7132 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7148 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7152 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7166 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7176 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7177 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7178 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-Ppackage> Stores package in the
7189 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
7201 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
7203 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
7205 1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. For example,
7206 -value is an alias for -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values,
7207 3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g. '-values'
7209 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
7211 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
7213 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
7215 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
7217 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
7219 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
7221 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
7223 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
7225 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
7227 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
7229 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
7231 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
7233 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
7235 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
7237 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
7239 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
7240 B<:standard>, B<:all>
7244 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls,
7245 -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles
7247 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
7249 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
7250 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
7255 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
7259 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
7261 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
7263 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
7265 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
7267 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
7269 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
7271 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
7273 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
7276 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
7280 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
7284 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
7286 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
7288 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
7290 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
7292 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
7294 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
7295 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
7297 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
7301 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
7305 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
7307 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
7309 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
7311 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
7315 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
7317 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
7319 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
7323 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
7325 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
7329 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
7333 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
7337 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
7341 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
7345 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
7347 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
7349 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
7353 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
7355 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
7356 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
7358 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
7364 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
7365 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
7367 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
7369 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
7370 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
7373 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
7379 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
7383 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
7385 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
7386 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
7387 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
7388 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_software ()>,
7389 B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>, B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>,
7390 B<http()>, B<https()>
7392 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
7394 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
7395 parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
7399 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end()
7401 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
7403 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
7404 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
7406 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
7408 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7412 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
7413 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
7414 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
7415 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
7416 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
7417 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
7418 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
7419 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
7420 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
7421 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
7422 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
7423 ...and many many more..
7425 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
7433 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
7443 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7451 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
7460 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
7462 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
7466 =item Changing the default message
7470 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
7480 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
7488 =item USING CGI::Cookie
7490 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
7494 =item Creating New Cookies
7496 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
7498 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
7500 =item Manipulating Cookies
7502 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
7506 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7514 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
7522 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
7524 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
7526 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
7528 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
7532 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7540 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
7550 =item Tags that won't be formatted
7552 =item Customizing the Indenting
7564 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
7572 =item USING CGI::Push
7574 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
7578 =item Heterogeneous Pages
7580 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
7584 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
7586 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7594 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
7604 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7612 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
7622 =item Interactive Mode
7624 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
7625 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
7626 distribution, Signals
7634 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
7636 =item Programmer's interface
7638 expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
7640 =item Methods in the four Classes
7648 =item Finding packages and VERSION
7652 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
7658 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
7659 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
7660 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
7661 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
7665 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
7667 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
7675 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
7677 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
7681 =item Three basic types of firewalls
7683 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
7685 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through the firewall
7691 I installed a new version of module X but CPAN keeps saying, I have
7692 the old version installed, So why is UNINST=1 not the default?, When I
7693 install bundles or multiple modules with one command there is too
7694 much output to keep track of
7704 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
7714 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
7727 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
7737 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
7745 =head2 Carp::Heavy - Carp guts
7755 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
7765 =item The C<struct()> function
7767 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
7769 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
7770 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
7772 =item Initializing with C<new>
7778 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
7780 =item Author and Modification History
7784 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
7792 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
7804 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
7808 C<afs>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>, C<api_revision>,
7809 C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>, C<ar>, C<archlib>,
7810 C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>, C<awk>
7814 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
7815 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
7819 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
7820 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccsymbols>, C<cf_by>, C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>,
7821 C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>, C<clocktype>, C<comm>,
7826 C<CONFIGDOTSH>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>, C<cpp_stuff>,
7827 C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>, C<cpprun>,
7828 C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crosscompile>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
7832 C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>, C<d_atolf>,
7833 C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bincompat5005>,
7834 C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>,
7835 C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>,
7836 C<d_closedir>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>,
7837 C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>,
7838 C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>,
7839 C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>,
7840 C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
7841 C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>,
7842 C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>,
7843 C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>,
7844 C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>,
7845 C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>,
7846 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
7847 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>,
7848 C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>,
7849 C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>,
7850 C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>,
7851 C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>,
7852 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>,
7853 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
7854 C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
7855 C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>,
7856 C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>,
7857 C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>,
7858 C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>,
7859 C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>,
7860 C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>,
7861 C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>,
7862 C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
7863 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>,
7864 C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
7865 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
7866 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
7867 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
7868 C<d_PRIFldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
7869 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIX64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>,
7870 C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>,
7871 C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>,
7872 C<d_readlink>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
7873 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
7874 C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
7875 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>,
7876 C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>,
7877 C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>,
7878 C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>,
7879 C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>,
7880 C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
7881 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
7882 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_sqrtl>,
7883 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
7884 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>,
7885 C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>,
7886 C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>,
7887 C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
7888 C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>,
7889 C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
7890 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>,
7891 C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
7892 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
7893 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
7894 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
7895 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>,
7896 C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
7900 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
7901 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
7905 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
7906 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>, C<full_sed>
7910 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
7911 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
7915 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<huge>
7919 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
7920 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
7921 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
7922 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_libutil>,
7923 C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>,
7924 C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
7925 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
7926 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
7927 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
7928 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
7929 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
7930 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
7931 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
7932 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
7933 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
7934 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
7935 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
7936 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
7937 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
7938 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
7939 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
7940 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
7941 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
7945 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
7949 C<large>, C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>,
7950 C<ldlibpthname>, C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>,
7951 C<libs>, C<libsdirs>, C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>,
7952 C<libswanted>, C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>,
7953 C<ln>, C<lns>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>,
7954 C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
7958 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
7959 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
7960 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
7964 C<Mcc>, C<medium>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<models>,
7965 C<modetype>, C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>,
7966 C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
7970 C<n>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>, C<netdb_name_type>,
7971 C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>, C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>,
7972 C<nveformat>, C<nvEformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFformat>, C<nvgformat>,
7973 C<nvGformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
7977 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
7978 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
7982 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
7987 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
7988 C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>, C<pm_apiversion>,
7989 C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>, C<privlibexp>,
7990 C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
7994 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
7998 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
7999 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<runnm>
8003 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8004 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8005 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8006 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<signal_t>,
8007 C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>,
8008 C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>,
8009 C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<small>, C<so>,
8010 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
8011 C<spitshell>, C<split>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEldbl>,
8012 C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGldbl>, C<sPRIi64>,
8013 C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIX64>, C<src>, C<ssizetype>,
8014 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
8015 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
8016 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8020 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>, C<timetype>,
8021 C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8025 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8026 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8027 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8028 C<use64bitint>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>,
8029 C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>,
8030 C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usesfio>,
8031 C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>,
8032 C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>,
8033 C<uvxformat>, C<uvXformat>
8037 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8038 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8039 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8043 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8055 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
8065 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8077 =item Global Variables
8079 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8080 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8085 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8086 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8088 =item Client Callback Methods
8090 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8091 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8092 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8102 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
8110 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
8114 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
8116 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
8118 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
8120 =item Default Parameters
8122 =item In Memory Databases
8130 =item A Simple Example
8138 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
8140 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
8142 =item The get_dup() Method
8144 =item The find_dup() Method
8146 =item The del_dup() Method
8148 =item Matching Partial Keys
8156 =item The 'bval' Option
8158 =item A Simple Example
8160 =item Extra RECNO Methods
8162 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
8163 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
8165 =item Another Example
8169 =item THE API INTERFACE
8171 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
8172 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
8173 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
8174 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
8178 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
8179 B<filter_fetch_value>
8185 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
8187 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
8191 =item HINTS AND TIPS
8195 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
8197 =item Safe ways to lock a database
8199 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
8201 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
8203 =item The untie() Gotcha
8207 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
8211 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
8213 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
8215 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
8217 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
8237 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
8238 printing and C<eval>
8250 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
8251 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
8252 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
8259 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
8261 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8262 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8263 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8264 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8265 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8266 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8267 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8268 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8269 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8270 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8271 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8272 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
8292 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
8300 =item PROFILE FORMAT
8312 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
8324 =item A simple scalar string
8326 =item A simple scalar number
8328 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
8330 =item A reference to a simple scalar
8332 =item A reference to an array
8334 =item A reference to a hash
8336 =item Dumping a large array or hash
8338 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
8340 =item A reference to a subroutine
8354 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
8364 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
8374 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
8386 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
8387 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
8388 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
8393 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
8394 veryCompact, set, get
8400 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
8408 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
8409 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
8410 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
8411 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
8418 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
8431 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
8444 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
8459 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
8475 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
8487 =item Selecting What To Export
8489 =item Specialised Import Lists
8491 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
8493 =item Module Version Checking
8495 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
8497 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
8503 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
8513 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
8534 mv source... destination
8536 cp source... destination
8554 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
8566 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
8567 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
8577 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
8587 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
8599 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
8600 packlist(), version()
8608 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
8616 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
8622 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
8632 =item VMS implementation
8634 =item Win32 implementation
8642 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
8651 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
8655 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
8666 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
8678 =item Preloaded methods
8698 =item SelfLoaded methods
8744 file_name_is_absolute
8750 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
8790 maybe_command_in_dirs
8828 replace_manpage_separator
8842 test_via_harness (o)
8872 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
8883 =item Methods always loaded
8895 =item SelfLoaded methods
8897 guess_name (override)
8901 find_perl (override)
8905 maybe_command (override)
8907 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
8909 perl_script (override)
8911 file_name_is_absolute (override)
8913 replace_manpage_separator
8915 init_others (override)
8917 constants (override)
8921 const_cccmd (override)
8923 pm_to_blib (override)
8925 tool_autosplit (override)
8927 tool_sxubpp (override)
8929 xsubpp_version (override)
8931 tools_other (override)
8941 top_targets (override)
8945 dynamic_lib (override)
8947 dynamic_bs (override)
8949 static_lib (override)
8951 manifypods (override)
8953 processPL (override)
8955 installbin (override)
8961 realclean (override)
8963 dist_basics (override)
8965 dist_core (override)
8969 dist_test (override)
8973 perldepend (override)
8979 test_via_harness (override)
8981 test_via_script (override)
8983 makeaperl (override)
8987 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9014 test_via_harness (o)
9016 tool_autosplit (override)
9034 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
9044 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
9046 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
9054 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
9058 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
9060 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
9062 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
9064 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
9066 AUTHOR, ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
9067 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
9068 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
9069 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
9070 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
9071 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
9072 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
9073 INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_MAN1DIR,
9074 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, PERL_MALLOC_OK, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS,
9075 LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB,
9076 NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL,
9077 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES,
9078 PM, PMLIBDIRS, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX,
9079 PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
9082 =item Additional lowercase attributes
9084 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
9087 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
9089 =item Hintsfile support
9091 =item Distribution Support
9093 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
9094 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
9095 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
9097 =item Disabling an extension
9111 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
9123 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
9127 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
9128 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
9136 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
9148 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
9158 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
9167 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
9175 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
9187 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
9195 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
9205 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
9217 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
9227 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
9231 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
9239 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
9243 C<basename>, C<dirname>
9247 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
9257 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
9271 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
9281 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
9283 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
9293 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
9301 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
9313 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
9321 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
9322 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>,
9323 C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
9329 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
9337 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>, C<GLOB_NOSORT>,
9338 C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>, C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>
9342 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
9350 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
9362 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
9376 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
9394 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
9422 file_name_is_absolute
9442 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
9452 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
9484 file_name_is_absolute
9506 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
9522 =item Methods always loaded
9524 canonpath (override)
9542 case_tolerant (override)
9546 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9548 splitpath (override)
9564 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
9594 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
9618 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
9632 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
9642 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
9650 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
9658 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
9660 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
9678 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
9692 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
9704 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
9712 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
9718 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
9726 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
9736 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
9752 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
9760 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
9762 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
9766 =item Simple options
9768 =item A little bit less simple options
9770 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
9772 =item Options with values
9774 =item Options with multiple values
9776 =item Options with hash values
9778 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
9780 =item Options with multiple names
9782 =item Case and abbreviations
9784 =item Summary of Option Specifications
9786 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
9790 =item Advanced Possibilities
9794 =item Object oriented interface
9796 =item Documentation and help texts
9798 =item Storing options in a hash
9802 =item The lonesome dash
9804 =item Argument call-back
9808 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
9810 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute,
9811 bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override (default: disabled),
9812 ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always (default: disabled),
9813 pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default:
9816 =item Return values and Errors
9822 =item Default destinations
9824 =item Alternative option starters
9826 =item Configuration variables
9830 =item Trouble Shooting
9834 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
9836 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
9843 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
9847 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
9858 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
9869 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
9879 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
9887 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
9888 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
9898 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
9908 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
9912 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
9920 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
9930 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
9934 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
9935 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
9936 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
9937 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
9949 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
9959 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
9963 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
9973 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
9983 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
9984 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
9994 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
10008 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
10018 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10022 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10023 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10024 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10034 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
10048 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]),
10049 sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
10059 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
10075 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10088 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
10102 hostpath(), peerpath()
10112 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
10121 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10122 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10132 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10142 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10146 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10154 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
10165 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10169 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10170 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10171 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10172 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10184 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10194 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10198 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10208 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10218 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10219 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10229 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
10244 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
10255 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10259 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10260 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10261 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10271 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
10286 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]),
10287 sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
10297 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
10298 AF_INET domain sockets
10314 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10327 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
10328 AF_UNIX domain sockets
10342 hostpath(), peerpath()
10352 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
10362 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
10363 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
10374 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
10388 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
10401 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
10411 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
10412 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
10413 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
10424 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
10442 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
10452 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
10453 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
10464 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
10475 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
10476 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
10477 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
10488 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
10496 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is
10505 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
10513 Canonical notation, Input, Output
10517 =item Autocreating constants
10525 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
10538 =item STRINGIFICATION
10542 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
10548 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
10550 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
10558 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
10566 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
10572 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
10574 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
10578 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
10580 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
10584 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
10586 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
10588 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
10589 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
10593 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES
10603 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
10609 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
10615 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
10619 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
10623 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
10635 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
10636 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
10646 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
10663 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
10680 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
10695 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
10712 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
10722 =item IMPLEMENTATION
10728 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
10734 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
10740 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
10744 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
10748 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
10760 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
10762 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
10763 or optag, an operator set (opset)
10765 =item Opcode Functions
10767 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
10768 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
10769 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
10772 =item Manipulating Opsets
10774 =item TO DO (maybe)
10780 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
10782 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
10783 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
10784 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
10793 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
10802 a new namespace, an operator mask
10808 =item RECENT CHANGES
10810 =item Methods in class Safe
10812 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
10813 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
10814 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
10815 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
10817 =item Some Safety Issues
10819 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
10827 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
10840 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
10854 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
10855 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
10856 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
10857 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
10858 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
10859 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
10860 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
10861 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
10862 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
10863 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
10864 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
10865 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
10866 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
10867 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
10868 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
10869 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
10870 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
10871 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
10872 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
10873 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
10874 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
10875 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
10876 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
10877 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
10878 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
10885 =item POSIX::SigAction
10889 =item POSIX::SigSet
10891 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
10893 =item POSIX::Termios
10895 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
10896 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
10897 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
10898 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
10899 values, c_oflag field values
10903 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
10907 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
10911 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
10969 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
10975 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
10981 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
10993 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
10994 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
10995 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
10996 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
10997 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
10998 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
10999 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
11000 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
11005 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
11006 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, No numeric
11007 argument for =over, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item
11008 paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one> vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped
11009 C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument
11010 for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME
11015 collapsing newlines to blanks, ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in
11016 link, (section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains
11029 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
11031 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
11034 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
11036 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
11038 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
11040 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
11042 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
11050 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
11062 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
11064 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
11071 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
11077 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
11079 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
11086 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
11098 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
11108 backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile,
11109 libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title,
11124 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
11137 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
11138 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
11144 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
11168 =item B<was_cutting()>
11174 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
11180 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
11186 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
11192 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
11198 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11204 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
11210 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
11216 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
11222 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
11228 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
11234 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
11240 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
11246 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
11252 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
11258 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
11264 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11270 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
11276 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
11282 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
11288 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
11294 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
11300 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
11306 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
11312 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
11318 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
11324 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
11330 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
11336 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11342 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
11354 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
11366 =item OBJECT METHODS
11374 =item Data Accessors
11390 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
11392 B<StartWithNewPage>
11406 =item Subclassed methods
11420 B<interior_sequence>
11436 =item Methods for headings
11444 =item Internal methods
11450 B<_replace_special_chars>
11456 B<_clean_latex_commands>
11472 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
11480 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, release,
11485 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not `%s', Invalid link %s, Unknown escape
11486 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, Unmatched =back
11496 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
11510 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
11518 $list-E<gt>indent()
11526 $list-E<gt>parent()
11532 =item Pod::Hyperlink
11534 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
11538 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
11540 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
11544 $link-E<gt>warning()
11546 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
11552 $link-E<gt>alttext()
11562 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
11568 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
11572 =item Pod::Cache::Item
11574 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
11578 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
11580 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
11582 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
11584 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
11586 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
11588 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
11590 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
11600 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
11612 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
11614 =item PARSING OPTIONS
11616 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
11617 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
11623 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
11631 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
11637 =item B<verbatim()>
11639 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
11645 =item B<textblock()>
11647 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
11653 =item B<interior_sequence()>
11659 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
11671 =item B<initialize()>
11677 =item B<begin_pod()>
11683 =item B<begin_input()>
11689 =item B<end_input()>
11701 =item B<preprocess_line()>
11707 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
11713 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
11719 =item B<parse_text()>
11721 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
11722 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
11723 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
11729 =item B<interpolate()>
11735 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
11741 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
11747 =item B<parse_from_file()>
11753 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
11759 =item B<errorsub()>
11771 =item B<parseopts()>
11777 =item B<output_file()>
11783 =item B<output_handle()>
11789 =item B<input_file()>
11795 =item B<input_handle()>
11801 =item B<input_streams()>
11807 =item B<top_stream()>
11813 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
11819 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
11825 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
11831 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
11839 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
11859 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
11872 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
11874 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
11880 =item OBJECT METHODS
11886 =item B<curr_headings()>
11898 =item B<add_selection()>
11904 =item B<clear_selections()>
11910 =item B<match_section()>
11916 =item B<is_selected()>
11922 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
11928 =item B<podselect()>
11930 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
11936 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
11942 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
11948 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
11954 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
11966 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
11974 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
11978 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
11979 Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
11991 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
12007 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
12008 text with format escapes
12022 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
12031 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
12040 =item Recommended Use
12048 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
12052 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
12060 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12066 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12070 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12074 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
12082 a new namespace, an operator mask
12088 =item RECENT CHANGES
12090 =item Methods in class Safe
12092 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
12093 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
12094 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
12095 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
12097 =item Some Safety Issues
12099 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
12107 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
12117 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
12127 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
12137 =item The __DATA__ token
12139 =item SelfLoader autoloading
12141 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
12143 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
12145 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
12147 =item Classes and inherited methods.
12151 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
12155 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
12165 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
12173 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
12174 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
12182 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
12183 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
12184 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
12185 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
12186 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
12190 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
12202 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
12204 =item ERROR REPORTING
12212 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
12217 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
12218 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
12242 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
12252 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
12264 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
12265 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
12273 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
12274 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
12285 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
12286 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
12294 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
12295 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
12306 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
12316 Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
12317 comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
12328 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
12340 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
12348 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
12358 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
12359 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
12367 =item Minimal set of supported functions
12369 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
12370 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
12372 =item Additional supported functions
12374 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
12382 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
12392 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
12404 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
12414 =item The test script output
12422 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
12423 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
12424 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
12437 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
12449 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
12460 0 a simple word, 1 multiple spaces are skipped because of our $delim, 2 use
12461 of quotes to include a space in a word, 3 use of a backslash to include a
12462 space in a word, 4 use of a backslash to remove the special meaning of a
12463 double-quote, 5 another simple word (note the lack of effect of the
12464 backslashed double-quote)
12470 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
12487 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
12502 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
12516 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
12527 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
12528 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
12529 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
12533 join, eval, detach, equal, tid
12541 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
12549 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
12551 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
12557 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
12565 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
12567 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
12571 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
12583 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
12593 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
12601 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
12602 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
12603 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
12604 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
12612 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
12621 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
12622 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
12623 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
12624 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
12626 =item MORE INFORMATION
12630 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
12638 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
12639 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
12643 =item MORE INFORMATION
12647 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
12665 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
12674 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
12676 =item MORE INFORMATION
12680 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
12692 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
12700 =item IMPLEMENTATION
12706 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
12721 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
12736 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
12748 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
12756 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
12757 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
12761 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
12776 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
12787 =item System Specifics
12801 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
12809 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
12811 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
12812 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
12813 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
12814 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
12815 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
12816 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
12817 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
12818 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
12819 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown(MACHINE,
12820 MESSAGE, TIMEOUT, FORCECLOSE, REBOOT), Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(),
12821 Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME), Win32::LoginName(),
12822 Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, SIDTYPE),
12823 Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
12824 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
12825 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
12826 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
12827 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
12833 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
12845 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
12847 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
12848 don't all have manual pages yet:
12874 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles