4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Language-Specific
34 =item Platform-Specific
58 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
68 =item Running Perl programs
70 =item Basic syntax overview
72 =item Perl variable types
74 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
76 =item Variable scoping
78 =item Conditional and looping constructs
80 if, while, for, foreach
82 =item Builtin operators and functions
84 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
89 =item Regular expressions
91 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
92 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
94 =item Writing subroutines
98 =item Using Perl modules
106 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11
115 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
117 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
121 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
123 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
125 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
127 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
129 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
131 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
133 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
137 =item About the perlfaq documents
141 =item Where to get the perlfaq
143 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
145 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
152 =item Author and Copyright Information
156 =item Bundled Distributions
164 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
165 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
166 Initial Release: 11/March/97
170 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
178 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
188 =item Simple statements
190 =item Compound statements
198 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
202 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
204 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
210 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
224 =item Scalar value constructors
226 =item List value constructors
230 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
238 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
248 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
250 =item The Arrow Operator
252 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
256 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
258 =item Binding Operators
260 =item Multiplicative Operators
262 =item Additive Operators
264 =item Shift Operators
266 =item Named Unary Operators
268 =item Relational Operators
270 =item Equality Operators
274 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
276 =item C-style Logical And
278 =item C-style Logical Or
280 =item Range Operators
282 =item Conditional Operator
284 =item Assignment Operators
288 =item List Operators (Rightward)
294 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
296 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
298 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
300 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
302 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
304 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
305 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
306 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
307 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
309 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
311 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
312 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
313 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
314 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
319 =item Constant Folding
321 =item Bitwise String Operators
323 =item Integer Arithmetic
325 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
333 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
343 =item Private Variables via my()
345 =item Persistent Private Variables
347 =item Temporary Values via local()
349 =item Lvalue subroutines
351 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
353 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
355 =item When to Still Use local()
357 =item Pass by Reference
361 =item Constant Functions
363 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
367 =item Subroutine Attributes
375 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
383 =item Perl Functions by Category
385 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
386 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
387 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
388 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
389 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
390 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
391 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
392 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
393 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
394 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
399 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
401 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
402 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
403 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
404 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
405 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
406 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
407 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
408 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
409 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
410 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
411 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
412 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
413 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
414 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
415 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
416 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
417 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
418 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
419 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
420 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
421 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
422 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
423 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
424 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
425 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
426 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
427 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
428 lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
429 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
430 KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
431 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
432 Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
433 EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
434 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
435 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
436 ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
437 package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
438 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
439 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
440 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
441 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
442 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
443 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
444 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
445 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
446 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
447 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
448 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
449 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
450 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
451 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
452 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
453 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
454 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
455 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
456 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
457 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
458 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
459 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
460 study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub
461 NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr
462 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall
463 LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen
464 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
465 sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE,
466 system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
467 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell
468 FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
469 VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
470 EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
471 EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE,
472 unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module
473 LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec
474 EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write
475 FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
481 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
487 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
495 =item Making References
497 =item Using References
515 =item Distribution Conditions
521 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
527 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
528 more elaborate constructs
532 =item COMMON MISTAKES
534 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
536 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
542 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
546 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
548 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
550 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
554 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
558 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
560 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
562 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
566 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
570 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
572 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
574 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
578 =item HASHES OF HASHES
582 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
584 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
586 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
590 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
594 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
596 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
598 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
610 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
620 =item Simple word matching
622 =item Using character classes
624 =item Matching this or that
626 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
628 =item Extracting matches
630 =item Matching repetitions
634 =item Search and replace
636 =item The split operator
644 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
648 =item Acknowledgments
654 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
662 =item Ordinary Paragraph
664 =item Verbatim Paragraph
666 =item Command Paragraph
668 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
669 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
670 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
671 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
673 =item Formatting Codes
675 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
676 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
677 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
678 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
679 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
680 (zero-effect) formatting code
684 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
686 =item Hints for Writing Pod
696 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
703 =item Pod Definitions
707 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
708 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
710 =item Pod Formatting Codes
712 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
713 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
714 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
715 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
716 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
717 contains non-breaking spaces
719 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
721 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
723 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
725 =item About =over...=back Regions
727 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
735 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
743 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
761 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
763 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
764 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
765 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
766 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
768 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
770 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
771 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
772 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
776 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
778 =item Numerical Traps
780 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
782 =item General data type traps
784 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
785 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
787 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
789 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
791 =item Precedence Traps
793 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
796 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
798 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
799 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
802 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
804 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
810 =item Interpolation Traps
812 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
813 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
819 =item Unclassified Traps
821 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
828 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
838 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
840 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
842 =item Location of Perl
844 =item Command Switches
846 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
847 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
848 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
849 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
850 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
851 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
852 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
858 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
859 :perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
860 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
861 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port),
862 SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
866 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
874 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
882 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
884 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
886 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
890 =item Backward Compatibility
892 =item Category Hierarchy
896 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
908 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
916 =item Looking at data and -w and v
920 =item Stepping through code
922 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
924 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
942 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
948 =item The Perl Debugger
952 =item Debugger Commands
954 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
955 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
956 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
957 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
958 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
959 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
960 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
961 command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
962 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source file, H -number, q
963 or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage]
965 =item Configurable Options
967 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
968 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
969 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
970 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
971 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
972 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
975 =item Debugger input/output
977 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
980 =item Debugging compile-time statements
982 =item Debugger Customization
984 =item Readline Support
986 =item Editor Support for Debugging
988 =item The Perl Profiler
992 =item Debugging regular expressions
994 =item Debugging memory usage
1002 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1010 =item Predefined Names
1012 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1013 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1014 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1015 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1016 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1017 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1018 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1019 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1020 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1021 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1022 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1023 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1024 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1025 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1026 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1027 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1028 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1029 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1030 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1031 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1032 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1033 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1034 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1035 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1036 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1037 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1038 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1039 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1040 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1041 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1043 =item Error Indicators
1045 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1053 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1061 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1063 =item Growing Your Own
1065 =item Access and Printing
1077 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1083 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1091 =item The Minus File
1093 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1099 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1103 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1107 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1111 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1113 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1115 =item Paths as Opens
1117 =item Single Argument Open
1119 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1123 =item Other I/O Issues
1127 =item Opening Non-File Files
1139 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1145 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1151 =item The Basic Principle
1155 =item Packing Numbers
1161 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1163 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1165 =item Floating point Numbers
1169 =item Exotic Templates
1181 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1185 =item Lengths and Widths
1189 =item String Lengths
1191 =item Dynamic Templates
1195 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1199 =item The Alignment Pit
1201 =item Alignment, Take 2
1203 =item Alignment, Take 3
1205 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1211 =item Funnies Section
1217 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1223 =item Part 1: The basics
1227 =item Simple word matching
1229 =item Using character classes
1231 =item Matching this or that
1233 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1235 =item Extracting matches
1237 =item Matching repetitions
1239 =item Building a regexp
1241 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1245 =item Part 2: Power tools
1249 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1251 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1253 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1255 =item Non-capturing groupings
1257 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1259 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1261 =item Conditional expressions
1263 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1265 =item Pragmas and debugging
1273 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1277 =item Acknowledgments
1283 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1293 =item Regular Expressions
1295 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1297 =item Extended Patterns
1299 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1300 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1301 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1302 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1306 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1308 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1310 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1312 =item Combining pieces together
1314 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1315 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1316 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1317 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1319 =item Creating custom RE engines
1329 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1339 =item Making References
1341 =item Using References
1343 =item Symbolic references
1345 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1347 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1349 =item Function Templates
1359 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1367 =item Format Variables
1377 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1385 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1393 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1395 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1397 =item Invoking a barnyard
1399 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1401 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1403 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1405 =item A few notes about @ISA
1407 =item Overriding the methods
1409 =item Starting the search from a different place
1411 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1413 =item Where we're at so far...
1415 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1417 =item Invoking an instance method
1419 =item Accessing the instance data
1421 =item How to build a horse
1423 =item Inheriting the constructor
1425 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1427 =item Adding parameters to a method
1429 =item More interesting instances
1431 =item A horse of a different color
1443 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1449 =item Creating a Class
1453 =item Object Representation
1455 =item Class Interface
1457 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1459 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1463 =item Other Object Methods
1471 =item Accessing Class Data
1473 =item Debugging Methods
1475 =item Class Destructors
1477 =item Documenting the Interface
1487 =item Overridden Methods
1489 =item Multiple Inheritance
1491 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1495 =item Alternate Object Representations
1499 =item Arrays as Objects
1501 =item Closures as Objects
1505 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1509 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1511 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1515 =item Metaclassical Tools
1521 =item Data Members as Variables
1529 =item Object Terminology
1535 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1541 =item Acknowledgments
1547 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1553 =item Class Data in a Can
1555 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1559 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1561 =item Inheritance Concerns
1563 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1565 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1567 =item Monadic Classes
1569 =item Translucent Attributes
1573 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1577 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1579 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1581 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1583 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1585 =item Translucency Revisited
1593 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1595 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1601 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1609 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1611 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1613 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1615 =item Method Invocation
1617 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1619 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1621 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1627 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1635 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1641 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1643 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1645 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1647 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1649 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1651 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1653 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1655 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1657 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1659 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1665 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1677 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1682 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1683 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1684 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1685 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1690 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1691 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1692 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1694 =item Tying FileHandles
1696 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1697 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1702 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1714 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1715 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1725 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
1733 =item Deferred Signals
1735 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals
1736 triggered by operating system state
1740 =item Using open() for IPC
1746 =item Background Processes
1748 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1750 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1752 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1754 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1758 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1762 =item Internet Line Terminators
1764 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1766 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1770 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1774 =item A Simple Client
1776 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1778 =item A Webget Client
1780 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1784 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1786 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1788 =item UDP: Message Passing
1802 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1812 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1814 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1815 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1816 files, directories and network sockets
1818 =item Resource limits
1820 =item Killing the parent process
1822 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1824 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1826 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1827 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1828 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1840 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1848 =item Storing numbers
1850 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1852 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1854 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1855 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1856 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1865 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1873 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1875 =item Threaded Program Models
1887 =item Native threads
1889 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
1891 =item Threadsafe Modules
1897 =item Basic Thread Support
1899 =item A Note about the Examples
1901 =item Creating Threads
1903 =item Giving up control
1905 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1907 =item Ignoring A Thread
1911 =item Threads And Data
1915 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1917 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
1921 =item Synchronization and control
1925 =item Controlling access: lock()
1927 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1929 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1931 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1933 =item Basic semaphores
1935 =item Advanced Semaphores
1937 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
1941 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1945 =item What Thread Am I In?
1949 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1951 =item What Threads Are Running?
1955 =item A Complete Example
1957 =item Performance considerations
1959 =item Threadsafety of System Libraries
1967 =item Introductory Texts
1969 =item OS-Related References
1971 =item Other References
1975 =item Acknowledgements
1983 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1989 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1991 =item Threaded Program Models
2003 =item Native threads
2005 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2007 =item Threadsafe Modules
2013 =item Basic Thread Support
2015 =item Creating Threads
2017 =item Giving up control
2019 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2021 =item Errors In Threads
2023 =item Ignoring A Thread
2027 =item Threads And Data
2031 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2033 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2035 =item Controlling access: lock()
2037 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2039 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2043 =item Threads And Code
2047 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2049 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
2051 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
2053 =item Subroutine Locks
2057 =item Locking A Subroutine
2061 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2065 =item What Thread Am I In?
2069 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2071 =item What Threads Are Running?
2075 =item A Complete Example
2083 =item Introductory Texts
2085 =item OS-Related References
2087 =item Other References
2091 =item Acknowledgements
2099 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2105 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2114 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2116 =item Files and Filesystems
2118 =item System Interaction
2120 =item Command names versus file pathnames
2122 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2124 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2126 =item Standard Modules
2130 =item Character sets and character encoding
2132 =item Internationalisation
2134 =item System Resources
2144 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2145 http://testers.cpan.org/
2153 =item DOS and Derivatives
2161 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2169 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2173 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2175 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2176 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2177 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2178 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2179 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2180 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2181 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2182 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2183 getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
2184 setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
2185 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob
2186 EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
2187 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
2188 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
2189 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
2190 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
2191 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2192 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2193 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2194 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2195 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2196 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2197 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2198 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2199 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2205 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2206 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2207 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2208 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2209 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2210 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2212 =item Supported Platforms
2216 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2220 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2227 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2233 =item The use locale pragma
2235 =item The setlocale function
2237 =item Finding locales
2239 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2241 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2243 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2245 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2247 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2249 =item The localeconv function
2251 =item I18N::Langinfo
2255 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2259 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2261 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2263 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2265 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2269 =item Other categories
2277 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2278 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2284 =item Backward compatibility
2286 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2288 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2290 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2292 =item Freely available locale definitions
2296 =item An imperfect standard
2300 =item Unicode and UTF-8
2306 =item Broken systems
2316 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2326 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2328 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2330 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
2332 =item Creating Unicode
2334 =item Handling Unicode
2336 =item Legacy Encodings
2340 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2344 =item Advanced Topics
2348 =item Questions With Answers
2350 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2352 =item Further Resources
2356 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2360 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
2362 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2366 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2374 =item Important Caveats
2376 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
2377 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2379 =item Byte and Character Semantics
2381 =item Effects of Character Semantics
2387 =item User-Defined Character Properties
2389 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
2391 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
2393 =item Unicode Encodings
2395 =item Security Implications of Unicode
2397 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2401 =item Using Unicode in XS
2409 =item Interaction with Locales
2411 =item Interaction with Extensions
2421 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2427 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2435 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2439 =item 13 variant characters
2447 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
2449 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
2451 =item Unicode and UTF
2457 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2459 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2461 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2475 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2477 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2479 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2481 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2489 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2491 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2493 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2495 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2499 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2503 =item URL decoding and encoding
2505 =item uu encoding and decoding
2507 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2509 =item Caesarian ciphers
2513 =item Hashing order and checksums
2517 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2529 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2549 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2557 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2559 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2561 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2565 =item Protecting Your Programs
2575 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2587 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2593 =item Making your module threadsafe
2601 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2611 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2612 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2626 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2632 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2636 =item Pragmatic Modules
2638 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes,
2639 charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer,
2640 less, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs,
2641 threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
2643 =item Standard Modules
2645 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2646 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2647 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2648 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2649 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2650 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2651 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest,
2652 DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
2653 Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM,
2654 ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
2655 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any,
2656 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
2657 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN,
2658 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2659 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2660 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2661 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
2662 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
2663 File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2664 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2665 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2666 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
2667 I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2,
2668 IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
2669 Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13,
2670 Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2671 Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
2672 Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
2673 Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2674 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2675 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2676 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2677 PerlIO, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions,
2678 Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink,
2679 Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text,
2680 Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage,
2681 SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket,
2682 Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
2683 Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
2684 Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple,
2685 Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2686 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
2687 Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2688 Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
2689 Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate,
2690 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2692 =item Extension Modules
2706 China, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Russian
2707 Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
2709 =item Central America
2715 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
2716 Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
2717 Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,
2718 Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United
2723 Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico
2727 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
2728 Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York,
2729 North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas,
2730 Utah, Virginia, ashington, Wisconsin
2734 Australia, New Zealand
2738 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
2744 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2748 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2750 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2752 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2760 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2766 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2770 =item Before you start
2778 =item Release considerations
2782 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2786 =item Has it been done before?
2788 =item Do one thing and do it well
2790 =item What's in a name?
2794 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2798 =item To OO or not to OO?
2800 =item Designing your API
2802 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2803 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2806 =item Strictness and warnings
2808 =item Backwards compatibility
2810 =item Error handling and messages
2814 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2820 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2824 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2828 =item Version numbering
2830 =item Pre-requisites
2840 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2844 =item Reinventing the wheel
2846 =item Trying to do too much
2848 =item Inappropriate documentation
2854 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2855 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2861 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2871 =item What should I make into a module?
2873 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2875 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2877 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2879 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2880 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2881 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2883 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2885 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2886 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2896 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
2897 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $)
2907 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2909 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2911 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2913 =item What is perl6?
2915 =item How stable is Perl?
2917 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2919 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2922 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2924 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2926 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2928 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2930 =item What is a JAPH?
2932 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2934 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2935 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
2939 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2943 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $,
2944 $Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $)
2952 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2954 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2956 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2958 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2961 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2962 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2964 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2965 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2967 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2969 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2971 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2973 =item Where should I post source code?
2977 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2979 =item Perl in Magazines
2981 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2983 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2985 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2987 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2989 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2991 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
2995 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2999 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2002/05/06
3008 =item How do I do (anything)?
3010 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
3012 =item Is there a Perl shell?
3014 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
3016 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
3018 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
3020 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
3022 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
3024 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
3026 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
3027 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
3028 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
3030 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
3032 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
3034 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
3036 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
3038 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
3040 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
3042 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
3044 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
3045 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
3047 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
3049 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
3051 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
3053 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
3055 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
3057 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
3059 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
3061 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
3063 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
3065 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
3067 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
3069 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
3071 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
3072 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
3074 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
3076 =item What's MakeMaker?
3080 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3084 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
3095 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
3096 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
3098 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
3100 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
3103 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
3105 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
3106 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
3107 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
3108 from decimal to binary
3110 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
3112 =item How do I multiply matrices?
3114 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
3116 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
3118 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
3120 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
3128 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
3130 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
3132 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
3134 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
3136 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
3138 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
3140 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
3148 =item How do I validate input?
3150 =item How do I unescape a string?
3152 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
3154 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
3156 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
3158 =item How do I reverse a string?
3160 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
3162 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
3164 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
3166 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
3168 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
3171 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
3173 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
3174 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
3176 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3178 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3180 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3182 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3184 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3186 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3188 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3190 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3191 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3200 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3202 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3204 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3208 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3211 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3212 intersection of two arrays?
3214 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3216 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3218 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3220 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3222 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3224 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3226 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3228 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3230 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3232 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3234 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3238 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3242 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3244 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3247 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3249 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3251 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3253 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3255 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3257 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3259 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3261 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3263 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3265 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3267 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3270 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3271 array of hashes or arrays?
3273 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3281 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3283 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3285 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3287 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3289 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3291 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3293 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3297 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3301 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
3310 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3312 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3313 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3315 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3317 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3319 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3321 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3322 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3324 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3326 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3328 =item How can I write() into a string?
3330 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3332 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3334 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3336 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3338 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3340 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3342 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3344 =item How can I lock a file?
3346 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3348 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3349 the file. How can I do this?
3351 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3352 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3354 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3356 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3358 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3360 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3362 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3364 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3366 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3368 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3370 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3372 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3374 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3376 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
3377 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3379 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3381 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3382 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3384 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3386 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3390 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3394 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: 2002/06/01
3403 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3404 and unmaintainable code?
3406 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3408 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3410 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3413 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3415 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3418 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3420 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3422 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3424 =item What is C</o> really for?
3426 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3429 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3431 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3433 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3435 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3437 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3439 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3441 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3443 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3445 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3447 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3449 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3451 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3453 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3457 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3461 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
3462 2002/03/26 15:48:32 $)
3470 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3472 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3475 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3478 =item How do I skip some return values?
3480 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3482 =item What's an extension?
3484 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3486 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3488 =item How do I create a module?
3490 =item How do I create a class?
3492 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3494 =item What's a closure?
3496 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3498 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3501 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3504 =item How do I create a static variable?
3506 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3507 Between local() and my()?
3509 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3512 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3514 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3516 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3518 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3520 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3522 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3524 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3526 =item How can I find out my current package?
3528 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3530 =item How do I clear a package?
3532 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3536 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3540 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/05/16
3549 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3551 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3553 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3555 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3557 =item How do I print something out in color?
3559 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3561 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3563 =item How do I clear the screen?
3565 =item How do I get the screen size?
3567 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3569 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3571 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3573 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3575 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3577 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3579 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3581 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3583 =item How do I set the time and date?
3585 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3587 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3589 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3591 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3592 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3594 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3596 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3598 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3600 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3602 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3604 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3606 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3608 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3610 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3612 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3615 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3617 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3619 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3621 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3624 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3625 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3626 changes to be visible?
3630 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3633 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3635 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3637 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3639 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3641 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3643 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3645 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3647 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3649 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3651 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3653 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3655 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3658 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3660 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3664 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3668 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13
3677 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3679 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3682 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3684 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3686 =item How do I extract URLs?
3688 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3689 file on another machine?
3691 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3693 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3695 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3697 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3699 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3701 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3703 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3705 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3706 CGI script to do bad things?
3708 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3710 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3712 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3714 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3716 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3718 =item How do I send mail?
3720 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3722 =item How do I read mail?
3724 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3726 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3728 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3730 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3734 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3738 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3748 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3752 =item Using The Back Ends
3756 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3760 =item The Decompiling Back End
3762 =item The Lint Back End
3764 =item The Simple C Back End
3766 =item The Bytecode Back End
3768 =item The Optimized C Back End
3772 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3774 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3775 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3776 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3778 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3784 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3794 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3795 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3799 =item Compiling your C program
3801 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3803 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3805 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3807 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3809 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3811 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3813 =item Execution of END blocks
3815 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3817 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3822 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3832 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3838 =item Debugger Internals
3842 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3846 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3848 =item Debugging regular expressions
3852 =item Compile-time output
3854 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3855 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3856 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3859 =item Types of nodes
3861 =item Run-time output
3865 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3869 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3871 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3872 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3875 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3877 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3879 =item B<-DL> details
3883 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3891 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3903 =item Version caveat
3905 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3917 =item What has gone on?
3919 =item Writing good test scripts
3923 =item What's new here?
3925 =item Input and Output Parameters
3927 =item The XSUBPP Program
3929 =item The TYPEMAP file
3931 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3935 =item What has happened here?
3937 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3939 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3941 =item More about XSUB arguments
3943 =item The Argument Stack
3945 =item Extending your Extension
3947 =item Documenting your Extension
3949 =item Installing your Extension
3953 =item New Things in this Example
3957 =item New Things in this Example
3959 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3961 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3963 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
3965 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3981 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3993 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3995 =item The Argument Stack
3997 =item The RETVAL Variable
3999 =item The MODULE Keyword
4001 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4003 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4005 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4007 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4009 =item The CODE: Keyword
4011 =item The INIT: Keyword
4013 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4015 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4017 =item Default Parameter Values
4019 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4021 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4023 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4025 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4027 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4029 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4031 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4033 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4035 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4037 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4039 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4041 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4043 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4045 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4047 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4049 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4051 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4053 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4055 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4057 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4059 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4061 =item The CASE: Keyword
4063 =item The & Unary Operator
4065 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4067 =item Using XS With C++
4069 =item Interface Strategy
4071 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4075 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4077 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4089 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4099 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4101 =item File Operations
4103 =item File Input and Output
4105 =item File Positioning
4107 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4109 =item Character Class Tests
4111 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4113 =item Miscellaneous functions
4121 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4133 =item What is an "IV"?
4135 =item Working with SVs
4139 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4141 =item Working with AVs
4143 =item Working with HVs
4145 =item Hash API Extensions
4149 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4151 =item Creating New Variables
4153 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4155 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4157 =item Stashes and Globs
4159 =item Double-Typed SVs
4161 =item Magic Variables
4163 =item Assigning Magic
4165 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4169 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4171 =item Localizing changes
4173 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4174 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4175 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4176 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4177 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4178 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4179 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4180 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4181 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4182 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4190 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4192 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4194 =item Memory Allocation
4198 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4202 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4212 =item Examining the tree
4214 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4216 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4218 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4220 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4222 =item Pluggable runops
4226 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4228 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4232 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4234 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4236 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4238 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4240 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4244 =item Internal Functions
4246 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4250 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4252 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4254 =item Source Documentation
4258 =item Unicode Support
4262 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4264 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4266 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4268 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4270 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4272 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4276 =item Custom Operators
4284 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4290 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4292 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4294 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4314 =item Determining the Context
4318 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4324 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4326 =item Passing Parameters
4328 =item Returning a Scalar
4330 =item Returning a list of values
4332 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4334 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4338 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4342 =item Using call_argv
4344 =item Using call_method
4348 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4350 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4352 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4353 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4356 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4358 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4370 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4380 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4381 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4382 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4383 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4387 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4389 =item Administration
4391 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4395 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4396 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4404 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4414 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4416 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4418 B<Decryption Filters>
4420 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4422 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4424 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4436 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4444 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4445 B<filter_fetch_value>
4451 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4453 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4463 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4469 =item "Gimme" Values
4471 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4473 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4475 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4476 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4477 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4479 =item Callback Functions
4481 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4482 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4484 =item Character classes
4486 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4488 =item Cloning an interpreter
4492 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4494 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4496 =item Embedding Functions
4498 load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
4499 perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4501 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4503 pack_cat, unpack_str
4505 =item Global Variables
4507 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4511 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4512 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4516 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4518 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4520 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4521 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4522 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4523 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
4524 hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4526 =item Magical Functions
4528 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4529 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4530 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4532 =item Memory Management
4534 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4535 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4537 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4539 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
4540 strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
4542 =item Numeric functions
4544 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4547 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4549 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4551 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4553 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4554 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4555 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4556 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4557 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4561 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4563 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4565 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4566 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4567 new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4568 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx,
4569 SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
4570 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4571 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4572 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4573 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX,
4574 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4575 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4576 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK,
4577 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
4578 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4579 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4580 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4581 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4582 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm,
4583 sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4584 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4585 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4586 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing,
4587 sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte,
4588 sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags,
4589 sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4590 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4591 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg,
4592 sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
4593 sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
4594 sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags,
4595 sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode,
4596 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags,
4597 sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4599 =item Unicode Support
4601 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4602 pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case,
4603 to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr,
4604 utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes,
4605 utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
4607 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4609 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4610 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4612 =item Warning and Dieing
4622 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4629 =item Global Variables
4631 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4642 =item Pad Data Structures
4646 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4650 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4652 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4660 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4670 =item History and Background
4672 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4674 =item Data Structures
4676 =item Functions and Attributes
4678 =item Per-instance Data
4680 =item Layers in action.
4682 =item Per-instance flag bits
4684 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4685 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4686 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4687 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4689 =item Methods in Detail
4691 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4692 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4693 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4694 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4699 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4701 =item Extension Layers
4703 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
4711 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4719 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4720 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4721 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4722 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4723 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4724 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4725 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4726 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4727 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4728 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4729 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4733 =item Co-existence with stdio
4735 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4736 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4738 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4740 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4741 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4742 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4743 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4745 =item Other Functions
4747 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4748 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4754 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4760 =item To do during 5.6.x
4764 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4766 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4768 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4770 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4772 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4776 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4778 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
4780 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4782 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4784 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4786 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4788 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4790 =item Complete signal handling
4792 =item Out-of-source builds
4794 =item POSIX realtime support
4796 =item UNIX98 support
4800 =item Long double conversion
4804 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4806 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4808 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4810 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4812 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
4814 =item Custom opcodes
4816 =item DLL Versioning
4818 =item Introduce @( and @)
4820 =item Floating point handling
4822 =item IV/UV preservation
4824 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4826 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4828 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4830 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4832 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4834 =item Document Win32 choices
4836 =item Check new modules
4838 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4842 =item To do at some point
4846 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4848 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4850 =item bitfields in pack
4852 =item Cross compilation
4854 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4856 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4858 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4860 =item -i rename file when changed
4862 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4864 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4866 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4868 =item my sub foo { }
4870 =item One-pass global destruction
4872 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4874 =item Cache recently used regexps
4876 =item Cross-compilation support
4878 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4880 =item debugger pragma
4882 =item use less pragma
4884 =item switch structures
4886 =item Cache eval tree
4890 =item Shrink opcode tables
4892 =item Optimize away @_
4894 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4898 =item Prototype method calls
4900 =item Return context prototype declarations
4904 =item Garbage collection
4908 =item Rewrite perldoc
4910 =item Install .3p manpages
4912 =item Unicode tutorial
4914 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4916 =item Retargetable installation
4918 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4920 =item Rename Win32 headers
4922 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4924 =item Update sprintf documentation
4926 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4928 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4930 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
4932 =item Should overload be inheritable?
4942 =item ref() in list context
4944 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4946 =item Compile to real threaded code
4948 =item Structured types
4950 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4952 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4956 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4960 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4962 =item Constant function cache
4964 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4972 =item Update guts documentation
4974 =item Add more tests
4976 =item Update auxiliary tools
4978 =item Create debugging macros
4980 =item truncate to the people
4982 =item Unicode in Filenames
4986 =item Recently done things
4990 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4992 =item Safe signal handling
4998 =item setitimer and getimiter
5000 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
5002 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
5004 =item Explicit switch statements
5012 =item perlcc to produce executable
5014 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
5016 =item Secure temporary file module
5018 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
5020 =item Turn Cwd into XS
5022 =item Mmap for input
5024 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
5026 =item Add sockatmark support
5028 =item Mailing list archives
5032 =item Integrate MacPerl
5034 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5036 =item Regular expression tutorial
5038 =item Debugging Tutorial
5040 =item Integrate new modules
5042 =item Integrate profiler
5044 =item Y2K error detection
5046 =item Regular expression debugger
5050 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5052 =item Cache precompiled modules
5056 =item Deprecated Wishes
5060 =item Loop control on do{}
5062 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5068 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5070 =item Named prototypes
5072 =item Built-in globbing
5074 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5076 =item Cached hash values
5078 =item Add compression modules
5080 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5082 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5084 =item Make XS easier to use
5086 =item Make embedding easier to use
5090 =item my $Package::variable
5092 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5094 =item "class"-based lexicals
5098 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5100 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5102 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5104 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5110 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
5116 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
5117 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
5118 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
5119 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
5120 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
5121 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
5122 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
5126 =item Keeping in sync
5128 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
5129 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
5131 =item Why rsync the source tree
5133 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
5135 =item Why rsync the patches
5137 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
5138 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
5140 =item Perlbug remote interface
5142 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
5143 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
5145 =item Submitting patches
5147 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
5148 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
5150 =item Finding Your Way Around
5152 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
5154 =item Elements of the interpreter
5156 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
5158 =item Internal Variable Types
5164 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5166 =item Millions of Macros
5168 =item Poking at Perl
5170 =item Using a source-level debugger
5172 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5173 finish, 'enter', print
5175 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5179 =item Patching a core module
5181 =item Adding a new function to the core
5183 =item Writing a test
5185 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5186 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5188 =item Special Make Test Targets
5190 coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third
5191 ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8
5195 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5199 =item Rational Software's Purify
5201 =item Purify on Unix
5203 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5207 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5209 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5211 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5215 =item Gprof Profiling
5217 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5219 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5221 =item Pixie Profiling
5223 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5226 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5230 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5238 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5246 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5258 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5260 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5264 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5268 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5274 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5276 =item Incompatible Changes
5280 =item Binary Incompatibility
5282 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5284 =item AIX Dynaloading
5286 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
5288 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5290 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5292 =item New Unicode Properties
5294 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5296 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5298 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
5304 =item Core Enhancements
5308 =item Unicode Overhaul
5310 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5314 =item Restricted Hashes
5318 =item Understanding of Numbers
5320 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
5322 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5326 =item Modules and Pragmata
5330 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5332 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5336 =item Utility Changes
5338 =item New Documentation
5340 =item Performance Enhancements
5342 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5346 =item Generic Improvements
5348 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5352 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5356 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5360 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5362 =item Changed Internals
5364 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
5368 =item Known Problems
5372 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
5374 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5376 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5378 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
5380 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5382 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5384 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
5386 =item PDL failing some tests
5390 =item Self-tying Problems
5392 =item ext/threads/t/libc
5394 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5396 =item Timing problems
5398 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
5400 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
5404 =item Platform Specific Problems
5410 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
5416 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
5418 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
5420 =item DJGPP does not build
5422 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
5424 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
5426 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
5428 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5430 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
5432 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5436 =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
5438 =item OS/2 Test Failures
5440 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5444 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
5446 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
5448 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
5460 =item XML::Parser not working
5464 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5466 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5470 =item Reporting Bugs
5478 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5484 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5486 =item Incompatible Changes
5490 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5492 =item AIX Dynaloading
5494 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5496 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5502 =item Core Enhancements
5504 =item Modules and Pragmata
5508 =item New Modules and Distributions
5510 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5514 =item Utility Changes
5516 =item New Documentation
5518 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5522 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5524 =item Generic Improvements
5528 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5532 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5536 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5538 =item Source Code Enhancements
5542 =item MAGIC constants
5544 =item Better commented code
5546 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5554 =item Known Problems
5560 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5562 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5564 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5566 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5568 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5570 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5574 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5576 =item Failure of Thread tests
5586 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5588 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5590 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5592 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5594 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5596 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5600 =item Reporting Bugs
5608 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5614 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5616 =item Incompatible Changes
5618 =item Core Enhancements
5622 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5624 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5626 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5630 =item Modules and Pragmata
5636 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5640 =item Performance Enhancements
5642 =item Utility Changes
5644 =item New Documentation
5660 =item README.solaris
5664 =item Porting/repository.pod
5668 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5672 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5674 =item Generic Improvements
5676 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5677 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5678 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5682 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5686 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5690 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5692 =item Changed Internals
5696 =item Known Problems
5700 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5702 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5704 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5706 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5710 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5712 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5714 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5716 =item Failure of Thread tests
5718 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5720 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5722 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5724 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5728 =item Reporting Bugs
5736 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5742 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5744 =item Incompatible Changes
5746 =item Core Enhancements
5748 =item Modules and Pragmata
5754 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5758 =item Utility Changes
5760 =item New Documentation
5762 =item Performance Enhancements
5764 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5768 =item Generic Improvements
5772 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5776 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5780 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5782 =item Changed Internals
5784 =item Known Problems
5788 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5790 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5792 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5794 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5796 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5798 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5800 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5802 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5804 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5806 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5810 =item Reporting Bugs
5818 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5824 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5828 =item Security Issues
5830 =item Core bug fixes
5832 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5833 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5834 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5835 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5836 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5837 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5842 =item Configuration issues
5846 =item Bundled modules
5848 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5849 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5850 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5851 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5853 =item Platform-specific improvements
5855 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5859 =item Core Enhancements
5863 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5865 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5867 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5869 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5871 =item "our" declarations
5873 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5875 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5877 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5879 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5881 =item open() with more than two arguments
5883 =item 64-bit support
5885 =item Large file support
5891 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5893 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5895 =item File globbing implemented internally
5897 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5899 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5901 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5903 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5905 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5907 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5909 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5911 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5913 =item Comments in pack() templates
5915 =item Weak references
5917 =item Binary numbers supported
5919 =item Lvalue subroutines
5921 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5923 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5925 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5927 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5929 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5931 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5933 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5935 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5937 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5939 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5941 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5943 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5945 =item Improved diagnostics
5947 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5949 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5951 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5953 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5955 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5957 =item Improved security features
5959 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5961 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5963 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5965 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5967 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5969 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5971 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5975 =item Modules and Pragmata
5981 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5982 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5983 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5984 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5985 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5986 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5987 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5988 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5994 =item Utility Changes
6008 =item The Perl Debugger
6012 =item Improved Documentation
6014 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6015 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6016 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6017 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6019 =item Performance enhancements
6023 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6025 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6027 =item Faster subroutine calls
6029 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6033 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6037 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6039 =item New Configure flags
6041 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6047 =item -Duselargefiles
6049 =item installusrbinperl
6055 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6057 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6061 =item Platform specific changes
6065 =item Supported platforms
6069 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6077 =item Significant bug fixes
6081 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6083 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6085 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6087 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6089 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6091 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6093 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6095 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6097 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6099 =item Locale bugs fixed
6103 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6105 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6107 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6109 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6113 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6115 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6116 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6117 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6118 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6119 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6120 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6121 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6122 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6123 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6124 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6125 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6126 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6127 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6128 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6129 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6130 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6131 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6132 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6133 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6134 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6135 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6136 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6137 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6138 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6139 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6140 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6141 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6142 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6143 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6144 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6145 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6146 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6147 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6148 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6149 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6150 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6151 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6152 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6153 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6154 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6155 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6156 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6157 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6158 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6159 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6160 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6161 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6162 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6163 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6164 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6168 =item Incompatible Changes
6172 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6174 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6175 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6176 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6177 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6178 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6179 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6180 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6181 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6182 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6183 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6184 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6186 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6188 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6190 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6192 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6194 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6198 =item Known Problems
6202 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6204 =item Known test failures
6206 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6208 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6210 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6212 =item Experimental features
6214 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6215 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6216 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6220 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6222 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6223 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6224 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6225 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6227 =item Reporting Bugs
6235 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6241 =item Core Enhancements
6245 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6247 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6249 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6251 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6253 =item "our" declarations
6255 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6257 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6259 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6261 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6263 =item open() with more than two arguments
6265 =item 64-bit support
6267 =item Large file support
6273 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6275 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6277 =item File globbing implemented internally
6279 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6281 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6283 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6285 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6287 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6289 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6291 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6293 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6295 =item Comments in pack() templates
6297 =item Weak references
6299 =item Binary numbers supported
6301 =item Lvalue subroutines
6303 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6305 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6307 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6309 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6311 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6313 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6315 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6317 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6319 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6321 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6323 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6325 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6327 =item Improved diagnostics
6329 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6331 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6333 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6335 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6337 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6339 =item Improved security features
6341 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6343 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6345 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6347 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6349 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6351 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6353 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6357 =item Modules and Pragmata
6363 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6364 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6365 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6366 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6367 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6368 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6369 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6370 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6376 =item Utility Changes
6390 =item The Perl Debugger
6394 =item Improved Documentation
6396 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6397 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6398 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6399 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6401 =item Performance enhancements
6405 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6407 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6409 =item Faster subroutine calls
6411 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6415 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6419 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6421 =item New Configure flags
6423 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6429 =item -Duselargefiles
6431 =item installusrbinperl
6437 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6441 =item Platform specific changes
6445 =item Supported platforms
6449 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6457 =item Significant bug fixes
6461 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6463 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6465 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6467 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6469 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6471 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6473 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6475 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6477 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6479 =item Locale bugs fixed
6483 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6485 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6487 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6489 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6493 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6495 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6496 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6497 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6498 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6499 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6500 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6501 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6502 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6503 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6504 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6505 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6506 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6507 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6508 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6509 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6510 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6511 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6512 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6513 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6514 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6515 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6516 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6517 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6518 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6519 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6520 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6521 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6522 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6523 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6524 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6525 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6526 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6527 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6528 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6529 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6530 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6531 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6532 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6533 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6534 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6535 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6536 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6537 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6538 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6539 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6540 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6541 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6542 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6543 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6544 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6548 =item Incompatible Changes
6552 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6554 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6555 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6556 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6557 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6558 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6559 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6560 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6561 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6562 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6563 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6564 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6566 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6568 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6570 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6572 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6574 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6578 =item Known Problems
6582 =item Thread test failures
6584 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6586 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6588 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6590 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6593 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6595 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6597 =item Experimental features
6599 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6600 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6601 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6605 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6607 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6608 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6609 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6610 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6612 =item Reporting Bugs
6620 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6626 =item About the new versioning system
6628 =item Incompatible Changes
6632 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6634 =item Default installation structure has changed
6636 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6638 =item C Source Compatibility
6640 =item Binary Compatibility
6642 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6644 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6658 =item Regular Expressions
6660 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6661 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6662 improvements, Incompatible changes
6664 =item Improved malloc()
6666 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6668 =item Reliable signals
6670 =item Reliable stack pointers
6672 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6676 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6678 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6680 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6682 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6684 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6686 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6688 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6690 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6692 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6694 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6696 =item Better locale support
6698 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6700 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6702 =item Extended support for exception handling
6704 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6706 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6708 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6710 =item New C<lock> keyword
6712 =item New C<qr//> operator
6714 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6716 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6718 =item Tied handles support is better
6720 =item 4th argument to substr
6722 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6724 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6726 =item <> now reads in records
6730 =item Supported Platforms
6736 =item Changes in existing support
6740 =item Modules and Pragmata
6746 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6747 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6748 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6750 =item Changes in existing modules
6752 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6753 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6757 =item Utility Changes
6759 =item Documentation Changes
6761 =item New Diagnostics
6763 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6764 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6765 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6766 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6767 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6768 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6769 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6770 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6771 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6772 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6773 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6774 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6775 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6776 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6777 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6778 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6779 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6781 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6783 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6784 temporary file, regexp too big
6786 =item Configuration Changes
6796 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
6802 =item Supported Environments
6808 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6810 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6812 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6814 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6816 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6818 =item More precise warnings
6820 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6822 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6824 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6826 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6828 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6830 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6832 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6834 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6836 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6838 =item Changes to tainting checks
6840 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6841 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6843 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6845 =item Embedding improvements
6847 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6849 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6851 =item New and changed syntax
6855 =item New and changed builtin constants
6859 =item New and changed builtin variables
6863 =item New and changed builtin functions
6865 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6866 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6867 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6868 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6869 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6871 =item New builtin methods
6873 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6875 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6877 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6878 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6880 =item Malloc enhancements
6882 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6884 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6888 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6904 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6905 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6911 =item Required Updates
6913 =item Installation directories
6915 =item Module information summary
6929 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6933 =item Utility Changes
6939 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6943 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6947 =item C Language API Changes
6949 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6952 =item Documentation Changes
6954 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6955 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6957 =item New Diagnostics
6959 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6960 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6961 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6962 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6963 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6964 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6965 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6966 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6967 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6968 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6969 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6970 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6971 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6972 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6973 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6974 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6975 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6976 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6977 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6978 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6979 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6980 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6981 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6982 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6983 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6993 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
7001 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
7005 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
7007 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
7009 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
7011 =item Using Large Files with Perl
7017 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
7027 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
7037 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7053 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7055 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7057 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7059 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7065 =item Accessing documentation
7069 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7071 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7073 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7075 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7079 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7083 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7085 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7087 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7089 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7091 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7095 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
7103 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7111 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7113 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7117 =item Contact Information
7119 =item Update 2002-05-30
7125 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7135 =item gzip on BS2000
7137 =item bison on BS2000
7139 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7141 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7143 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7145 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7147 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7149 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7151 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7185 =item Acknowledgements
7191 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7197 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7201 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7203 =item Cygwin Configuration
7205 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7209 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7213 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7215 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7217 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7218 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
7220 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7222 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7223 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7226 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7228 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7232 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7236 =item Warnings on Cygwin
7242 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7246 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7248 =item NDBM_File does not work on FAT filesystems
7250 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7252 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
7256 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7258 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7260 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7261 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7263 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7271 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7283 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7287 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7289 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7291 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7293 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7303 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7313 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7317 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7319 =item Building Perl on DOS
7321 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7323 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7327 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7331 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7333 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7335 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7337 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7347 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7355 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7357 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7361 =item Editors on Epoc
7363 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7365 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7367 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7371 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7379 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
7387 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
7389 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
7391 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
7399 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7408 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7410 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7422 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7424 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7426 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7428 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7430 =item The GNU C Compiler
7432 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7434 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7436 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7438 =item Oracle on HP-UX
7440 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7442 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7444 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7446 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7450 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7458 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7466 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7474 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
7482 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
7484 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
7486 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
7488 =item Linker Problems in Irix
7490 =item Malloc in Irix
7492 =item Building with threads in Irix
7500 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7509 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7511 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7513 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7515 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7525 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7539 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7545 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7551 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7559 =item Binary distribution from HP
7561 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7563 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7565 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7567 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7569 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7571 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7572 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7574 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7578 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7580 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7582 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7584 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7586 =item Perl/iX Change History
7602 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
7614 =item Build new extensions
7616 =item Acknowledgements
7624 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7644 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7646 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7648 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7652 =item Frequently asked questions
7656 =item "It does not work"
7658 =item I cannot run external programs
7660 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7663 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7666 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7668 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7676 =item Automatic binary installation
7678 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7680 =item Manual binary installation
7682 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7683 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7684 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7685 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7686 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7692 =item Accessing documentation
7696 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7704 =item GNU C<info> files
7716 =item The short story
7720 =item Getting perl source
7722 =item Application of the patches
7730 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7733 =item Installing the built perl
7735 =item C<a.out>-style build
7743 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7745 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7747 =item Problems with tr or sed
7749 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7751 =item Library ... not found
7753 =item Segfault in make
7755 =item op/sprintf test failure
7759 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7763 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7767 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7769 =item Additional modules:
7771 =item Prebuilt methods:
7773 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7774 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7775 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7776 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7777 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7778 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7779 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7780 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7781 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7782 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7783 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
7784 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
7786 =item Prebuilt variables:
7788 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
7795 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7798 =item Identifying DLLs
7800 =item Centralized management of resources
7802 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
7803 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
7804 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
7805 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
7819 =item F<perl___.exe>
7821 =item Why strange names?
7823 =item Why dynamic linking?
7825 =item Why chimera build?
7833 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7835 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7837 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7839 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7841 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7843 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7851 =item Text-mode filehandles
7855 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7857 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7859 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7862 =item DLL forwarder generation
7866 =item Calls to external programs
7868 =item Memory allocation
7872 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7888 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7901 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7903 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7905 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7907 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7909 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7911 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7913 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7915 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7917 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7919 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7929 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7937 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7945 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7947 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7949 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7951 =item QNX auxiliary files
7955 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7963 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7973 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7975 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7977 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7979 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7983 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7987 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7999 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
8007 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
8013 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
8019 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
8021 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
8023 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
8027 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
8031 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
8033 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
8035 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
8039 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
8041 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
8042 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
8043 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
8049 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
8051 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8055 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
8057 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
8061 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
8065 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
8067 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
8071 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
8073 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
8075 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
8085 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
8086 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
8094 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
8096 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
8098 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
8100 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
8102 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
8104 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
8108 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
8110 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
8112 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
8118 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
8126 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
8128 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
8134 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
8144 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
8146 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8148 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
8150 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
8152 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
8162 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
8168 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
8176 =item Organization of Perl Images
8182 =item Perl Extensions
8184 =item Installing static extensions
8186 =item Installing dynamic extensions
8190 =item File specifications
8196 =item Wildcard expansion
8202 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8208 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8210 =item Command line switches
8216 =item Perl functions
8218 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
8219 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
8220 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
8221 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
8223 =item Perl variables
8225 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
8227 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
8241 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
8249 =item Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
8251 =item Stratus POSIX Support
8255 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
8259 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
8261 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
8265 =item USING PERL IN VOS
8269 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
8271 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
8273 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
8279 =item SUPPORT STATUS
8287 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
8297 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
8299 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
8300 SDK 64-bit Compiler, Mingw32 with GCC
8304 =item Testing Perl on Win32
8306 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
8308 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
8310 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
8311 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
8312 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
8314 =item Running Perl Scripts
8316 Miscellaneous Things
8320 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
8324 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
8325 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
8326 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8334 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8336 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8348 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8358 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8359 data structures between threads
8371 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
8372 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8384 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8393 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8394 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
8395 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
8399 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8405 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
8406 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
8408 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8414 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8424 =item Built-in Attributes
8426 locked, method, lvalue
8428 =item Available Subroutines
8432 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8434 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8436 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8444 =item Default exports
8446 =item Available exports
8448 =item Export tags defined
8458 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8470 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8486 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8500 =head2 bigint - Transparent big integer support for Perl
8512 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8516 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8536 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
8548 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8552 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8572 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
8594 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
8595 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
8596 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
8597 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
8598 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
8608 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8622 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8635 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8644 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8646 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8648 =item charnames::vianame(name)
8652 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
8658 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8670 =item List constants
8672 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8674 =item Magic constants
8678 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8688 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8699 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8701 =item The I<splain> Program
8715 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
8725 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
8726 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
8734 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
8738 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
8740 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
8742 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
8744 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8750 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8764 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8774 =item subpragma access
8780 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
8794 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8805 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8815 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8825 =item Adding directories to @INC
8827 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8829 =item Restoring original @INC
8843 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8854 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
8862 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8864 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8870 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8882 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8892 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8894 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8896 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8898 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8900 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8902 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8904 =item Overloadable Operations
8906 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8907 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8908 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8910 =item Inheritance and overloading
8912 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8913 is inherited by derived classes
8917 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8925 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8927 =item Copy Constructor
8933 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8935 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8936 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8937 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8940 =item Losing overloading
8942 =item Run-time Overloading
8944 =item Public functions
8946 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8948 =item Overloading constants
8950 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8952 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8954 =item Metaphor clash
8960 =item Two-face scalars
8962 =item Two-face references
8964 =item Symbolic calculator
8966 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8974 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8975 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8981 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8991 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
9003 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
9005 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
9009 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
9013 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
9021 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
9033 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
9041 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
9045 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
9055 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9064 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9065 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
9066 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
9070 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9076 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
9077 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
9079 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9085 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
9086 structures between threads
9098 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
9099 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9111 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
9122 =item Utility functions
9124 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]),
9125 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
9136 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
9146 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
9154 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
9158 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
9166 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
9167 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
9168 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
9169 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
9170 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
9174 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
9184 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
9186 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
9196 =item DBM Comparisons
9206 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
9216 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
9220 =item Typed lexicals
9222 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
9224 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
9226 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
9228 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
9236 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
9237 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
9238 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
9239 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
9240 be able to apply END handler>
9250 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
9260 =item Subroutine Stubs
9262 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9264 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9266 =item Package Lexicals
9268 =item Not Using AutoLoader
9270 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
9280 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
9288 $keep, $check, $modtime
9292 =item Multiple packages
9300 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
9308 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
9312 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
9320 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
9334 =item B::PVMG METHODS
9338 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
9340 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
9342 =item B::PVLV METHODS
9344 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
9348 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
9352 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
9353 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
9357 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
9358 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
9362 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
9366 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
9371 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
9373 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
9377 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
9379 =item B::UNOP METHOD
9383 =item B::BINOP METHOD
9387 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
9391 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
9395 =item B::PMOP METHODS
9397 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
9398 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
9400 =item B::SVOP METHOD
9404 =item B::PADOP METHOD
9408 =item B::PVOP METHOD
9412 =item B::LOOP METHODS
9414 redoop, nextop, lastop
9416 =item B::COP METHODS
9418 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
9422 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
9424 main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
9425 regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP,
9426 METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE,
9427 PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c,
9428 cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
9434 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
9443 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
9449 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9461 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9481 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9491 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9492 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9493 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9503 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9513 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9514 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9515 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9526 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9536 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9537 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9538 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
9550 =item Context of ".."
9554 =item Deprecated features
9562 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
9574 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
9575 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
9576 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
9578 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
9580 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
9581 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
9582 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
9583 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
9584 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
9585 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
9586 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
9587 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
9593 =item OP flags abbreviations
9595 =item OP class abbreviations
9599 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
9605 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
9617 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
9627 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
9628 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
9630 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
9640 =item ambient_pragmas
9642 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
9654 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
9666 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
9674 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
9676 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
9677 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
9679 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9689 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9699 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9707 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9719 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9731 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9733 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9745 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9755 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
9763 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9783 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9797 =item Standard Exports
9799 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9800 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9801 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9803 =item Optional Exports
9805 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9806 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9807 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9823 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9827 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9841 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9851 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9852 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9853 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9863 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9875 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9877 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9879 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9881 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9883 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9885 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9887 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9889 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9891 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9893 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9895 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9897 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9899 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9901 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9903 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9905 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9907 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9909 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9910 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9914 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9915 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9918 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9920 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9921 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9926 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9930 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9932 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9934 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9936 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9938 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9940 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9942 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9944 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9945 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9947 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9951 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9955 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9957 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9959 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9961 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9963 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9965 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9966 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9968 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9972 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9976 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9978 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9980 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9982 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9986 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9988 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9990 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9994 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9996 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
10000 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
10004 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
10008 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
10012 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
10016 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
10018 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
10020 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
10024 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
10028 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
10034 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
10035 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
10037 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
10039 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
10040 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
10043 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
10049 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
10053 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
10055 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
10056 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
10057 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
10058 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
10059 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
10061 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
10063 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
10068 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
10070 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
10072 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
10073 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
10075 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
10077 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10081 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
10082 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
10083 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
10084 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
10085 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
10086 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
10087 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
10088 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
10089 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
10090 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
10091 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
10092 ...and many many more..
10094 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
10102 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
10112 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10120 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
10129 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
10131 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
10135 =item Changing the default message
10139 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
10149 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
10157 =item USING CGI::Cookie
10159 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
10163 =item Creating New Cookies
10165 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
10167 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
10169 =item Manipulating Cookies
10171 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
10175 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10183 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
10191 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
10193 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
10195 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
10197 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
10199 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
10201 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
10205 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10213 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
10223 =item Tags that won't be formatted
10225 =item Customizing the Indenting
10237 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
10245 =item USING CGI::Push
10247 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
10251 =item Heterogeneous Pages
10253 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
10257 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
10259 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10267 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
10277 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10285 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
10293 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10299 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
10309 =item Interactive Mode
10311 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
10312 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
10313 distribution, ls author, Signals
10321 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
10323 =item Programmer's interface
10325 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
10327 =item Methods in the other Classes
10329 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
10330 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
10331 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
10332 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
10333 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
10334 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
10335 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
10336 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
10337 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
10338 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
10339 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
10340 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
10341 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
10342 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
10343 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
10344 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
10345 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
10346 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
10347 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
10348 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
10349 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
10350 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
10351 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
10352 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
10353 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
10354 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
10356 =item Cache Manager
10360 =item Prerequisites
10362 =item Finding packages and VERSION
10366 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
10370 =item CONFIGURATION
10372 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
10373 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
10374 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
10375 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
10379 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
10381 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
10389 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
10391 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
10395 =item Three basic types of firewalls
10397 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
10399 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
10405 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
10417 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
10427 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
10440 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
10450 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10458 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10460 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10470 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10471 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10472 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10474 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10482 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10492 =item The C<struct()> function
10494 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10496 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10498 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10499 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10501 =item Initializing with C<new>
10507 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10509 =item Author and Modification History
10513 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10521 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
10533 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
10537 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
10538 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
10539 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
10540 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
10544 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
10548 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
10549 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
10550 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
10551 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
10552 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
10553 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
10554 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
10558 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
10559 C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>,
10560 C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
10561 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
10562 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
10563 C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>,
10564 C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>,
10565 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
10566 C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
10567 C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>,
10568 C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>,
10569 C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>,
10570 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>,
10571 C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
10572 C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
10573 C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>,
10574 C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
10575 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
10576 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
10577 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>,
10578 C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
10579 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>,
10580 C<d_gethostent_r>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>,
10581 C<d_getlogin_r>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
10582 C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>,
10583 C<d_getnetent_r>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
10584 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
10585 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>,
10586 C<d_getprotobynumber_r>, C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>,
10587 C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>,
10588 C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
10589 C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>, C<d_getservent_r>,
10590 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>, C<d_gettimeod>,
10591 C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
10592 C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>,
10593 C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>,
10594 C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
10595 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
10596 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
10597 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
10598 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
10599 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
10600 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
10601 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
10602 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
10603 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
10604 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
10605 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
10606 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
10607 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
10608 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>,
10609 C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
10610 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
10611 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
10612 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
10613 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
10614 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
10615 C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>,
10616 C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>,
10617 C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>,
10618 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>,
10619 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>,
10620 C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>,
10621 C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>,
10622 C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
10623 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>,
10624 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
10625 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
10626 C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>,
10627 C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
10628 C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
10629 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
10630 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
10631 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
10632 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
10633 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
10634 C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
10635 C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
10636 C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
10637 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
10638 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
10639 C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
10640 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
10641 C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
10642 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
10643 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
10644 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
10645 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
10646 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
10647 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
10651 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
10652 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
10653 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
10654 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
10658 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
10659 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
10664 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>, C<getgrgid_r_proto>,
10665 C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>, C<gethostbyname_r_proto>,
10666 C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>, C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>,
10667 C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>, C<getprotobyname_r_proto>,
10668 C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>, C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>,
10669 C<getpwnam_r_proto>, C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>,
10670 C<getservbyport_r_proto>, C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>,
10671 C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>,
10672 C<gmtime_r_proto>, C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>,
10677 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
10681 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
10682 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
10683 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
10684 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
10685 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
10686 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
10687 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
10688 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
10689 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
10690 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
10691 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
10692 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
10693 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
10694 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
10695 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
10696 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
10697 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
10698 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
10699 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
10700 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
10701 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
10702 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
10703 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
10704 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
10708 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
10712 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
10713 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
10714 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
10715 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
10716 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
10717 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
10722 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10723 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10724 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10728 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10729 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10733 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10734 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10735 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
10736 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
10737 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10741 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10742 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10746 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10747 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10751 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10752 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10753 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10754 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10758 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10762 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
10763 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
10764 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10768 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10769 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
10770 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
10771 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
10772 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
10773 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
10774 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
10775 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10776 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10777 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10778 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10779 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10780 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>,
10781 C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
10782 C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
10783 C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
10784 C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10788 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10789 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
10794 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10795 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10796 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10797 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10798 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10799 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10800 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10801 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10802 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10806 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10807 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10808 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10809 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10813 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10817 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10829 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10839 =item getcwd and friends
10841 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10843 =item abs_path and friends
10845 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10857 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10869 =item Global Variables
10871 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10872 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10877 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10878 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10880 =item Client Callback Methods
10882 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10883 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10884 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10894 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10902 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10906 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10908 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10910 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10912 =item Default Parameters
10914 =item In Memory Databases
10922 =item A Simple Example
10930 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10932 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10934 =item The get_dup() Method
10936 =item The find_dup() Method
10938 =item The del_dup() Method
10940 =item Matching Partial Keys
10948 =item The 'bval' Option
10950 =item A Simple Example
10952 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10954 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10955 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10956 length, elements);>
10958 =item Another Example
10962 =item THE API INTERFACE
10964 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10965 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10966 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10967 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10971 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10972 B<filter_fetch_value>
10978 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10980 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10984 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10988 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10990 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10992 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
10994 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
10996 =item The untie() Gotcha
11000 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
11004 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
11006 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
11008 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
11010 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
11030 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
11031 printing and C<eval>
11043 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
11044 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
11045 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
11052 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
11054 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11055 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11056 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11057 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11058 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11059 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11060 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11061 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11062 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11063 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11064 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11065 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11066 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11067 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11068 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
11088 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
11096 =item PROFILE FORMAT
11108 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
11130 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
11140 =item Runtime debugging
11142 =item Memory footprint debugging
11150 =item A simple scalar string
11152 =item A simple scalar number
11154 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
11156 =item A reference to a simple scalar
11158 =item A reference to an array
11160 =item A reference to a hash
11162 =item Dumping a large array or hash
11164 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
11166 =item A reference to a subroutine
11180 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
11190 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
11198 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
11202 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
11203 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
11204 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
11212 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
11222 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
11226 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
11227 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
11239 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
11251 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
11263 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
11264 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
11265 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
11270 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
11271 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
11277 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
11285 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
11286 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
11287 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
11288 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
11295 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
11308 =head2 Encode - character encodings
11316 =item Table of Contents
11328 =item PERL ENCODING API
11330 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
11331 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
11332 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
11337 =item Listing available encodings
11339 =item Defining Aliases
11343 =item Encoding via PerlIO
11345 =item Handling Malformed Data
11347 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
11348 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
11349 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
11350 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
11355 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
11359 =item Defining Encodings
11361 =item The UTF-8 flag
11363 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
11367 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
11369 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
11379 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
11387 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11392 =item Alias overloading
11400 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
11414 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11416 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
11432 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
11434 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
11436 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
11450 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
11460 =item Methods you should implement
11462 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11464 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11466 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11468 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11472 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11476 =item Compiled Encodings
11482 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11486 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
11496 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11497 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11498 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11508 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
11518 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
11526 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11528 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
11530 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
11544 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
11546 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
11562 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
11568 =item How does it work?
11576 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11584 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
11592 =item Encoding Names
11596 =item Supported Encodings
11600 =item Built-in Encodings
11602 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11604 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11606 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11607 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11609 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11611 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11612 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11613 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11615 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11617 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11621 =item Unsupported encodings
11623 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11624 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11625 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11626 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11628 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11630 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11634 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11636 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11642 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11643 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11650 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11651 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11655 =item Other Notable Sites
11657 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11658 "Introduction to i18n"
11660 =item Offline sources
11662 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11668 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
11682 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
11698 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
11706 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
11708 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
11714 =item by endianness
11716 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
11720 =item Surrogate Pairs
11726 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
11735 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11740 =item Alias overloading
11748 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
11749 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11751 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
11754 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
11757 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
11758 Implementation Base Class
11768 =item Methods you should implement
11770 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11772 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11774 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11776 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11780 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11784 =item Compiled Encodings
11790 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11794 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
11805 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11806 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11807 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11817 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
11818 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11820 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
11823 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
11826 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
11827 and 'Q' header encoding
11843 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
11844 on Encode and PerlIO
11850 =item How does it work?
11858 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11866 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
11867 supported by Encode
11875 =item Encoding Names
11879 =item Supported Encodings
11883 =item Built-in Encodings
11885 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11887 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11889 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11890 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11892 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11894 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11895 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11896 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11898 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11900 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11904 =item Unsupported encodings
11906 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11907 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11908 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11909 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11911 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11913 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11917 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11919 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11925 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11926 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11933 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11934 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11938 =item Other Notable Sites
11940 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11941 "Introduction to i18n"
11943 =item Offline sources
11945 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11951 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11957 use Encode::Encoder;
11958 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11959 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11961 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11962 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11963 # you can stack them!
11964 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11965 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11966 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
11968 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
11970 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
11978 =item Predefined Methods
11980 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
11981 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
11982 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
11984 =item Example: base64 transcoder
11986 =item Operator Overloading
11994 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
11995 non-ascii or non-utf8
12005 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
12006 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
12014 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
12018 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
12020 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
12022 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
12024 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
12030 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12036 use Encode::Encoder;
12037 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
12038 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
12040 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
12041 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
12042 # you can stack them!
12043 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
12044 # you can use it as a decoder as well
12045 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
12047 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
12049 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
12057 =item Predefined Methods
12059 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12060 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12061 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12063 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12065 =item Operator Overloading
12073 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
12086 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
12101 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
12117 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
12127 =item How to Export
12129 =item Selecting What To Export
12131 =item How to Import
12133 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
12137 =item Advanced features
12141 =item Specialised Import Lists
12143 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
12145 =item Module Version Checking
12147 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
12149 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
12151 =item Generating combined tags
12153 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
12159 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
12169 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
12190 mv source... destination
12192 cp source... destination
12210 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
12222 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
12232 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
12240 perl_stringify NAME
12244 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
12246 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
12250 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
12258 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
12261 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12263 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
12265 WriteMakefileSnippet
12267 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
12268 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12276 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
12288 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
12289 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
12299 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
12309 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
12321 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
12322 packlist(), version()
12330 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
12338 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
12339 dynamic extensions at load time
12345 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
12355 =item VMS implementation
12357 =item Win32 implementation
12365 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
12375 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
12383 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
12387 =item File::Spec wrappers B<DEPRECATED>
12401 file_name_is_absolute
12411 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
12425 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12426 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12438 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12439 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12447 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
12451 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12461 =item Overridden methods
12463 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12477 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12478 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12520 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12521 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12537 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12538 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12552 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12562 =item Overridden methods
12564 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12578 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12592 =item SelfLoaded methods
12644 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
12692 maybe_command_in_dirs
12716 post_initialize (o)
12730 replace_manpage_separator
12744 test_via_harness (override)
12746 test_via_script (override)
12776 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12777 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12787 =item Methods always loaded
12799 guess_name (override)
12803 find_perl (override)
12805 maybe_command (override)
12807 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
12809 perl_script (override)
12811 replace_manpage_separator
12813 init_main (override)
12815 init_others (override)
12817 constants (override)
12821 const_cccmd (override)
12823 pm_to_blib (override)
12825 tool_autosplit (override)
12827 tool_sxubpp (override)
12829 xsubpp_version (override)
12831 tools_other (override)
12841 top_targets (override)
12845 dynamic_lib (override)
12847 dynamic_bs (override)
12849 static_lib (override)
12851 manifypods (override)
12853 processPL (override)
12855 installbin (override)
12857 subdir_x (override)
12861 realclean (override)
12863 dist_core (override)
12865 dist_test (override)
12869 perldepend (override)
12871 makefile (override)
12873 find_tests (override)
12877 makeaperl (override)
12879 nicetext (override)
12881 prefixify (override)
12883 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12884 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12906 tool_autosplit (override)
12922 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
12932 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
12942 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
12952 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
12954 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
12962 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
12966 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
12968 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
12970 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
12972 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
12974 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
12975 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
12976 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST,
12977 FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
12978 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT,
12979 INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR,
12980 INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB,
12981 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
12982 INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB,
12983 LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS,
12984 MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT,
12985 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
12986 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
12987 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
12988 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
12989 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION,
12990 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
12992 =item Additional lowercase attributes
12994 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
12997 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
12999 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
13001 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
13003 =item Hintsfile support
13005 =item Distribution Support
13007 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
13008 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
13009 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
13011 =item Disabling an extension
13017 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
13025 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
13033 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
13037 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
13041 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
13042 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
13046 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
13054 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
13066 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
13076 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
13085 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
13093 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
13105 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
13113 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
13123 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
13135 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
13145 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
13149 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
13157 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
13161 C<basename>, C<dirname>
13165 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
13179 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
13193 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
13203 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
13205 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
13217 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
13227 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
13239 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
13247 B<find>, B<finddepth>
13253 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
13254 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
13255 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
13257 =item The wanted function
13259 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
13260 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
13261 pathname to the file
13269 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
13277 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
13285 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
13286 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
13287 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
13291 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
13299 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
13311 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
13321 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
13322 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
13323 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
13331 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
13341 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
13359 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
13377 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
13405 file_name_is_absolute
13435 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
13445 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
13478 file_name_is_absolute
13500 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
13516 =item Methods always loaded
13518 canonpath (override)
13536 case_tolerant (override)
13540 file_name_is_absolute (override)
13542 splitpath (override)
13544 splitdir (override)
13558 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
13584 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
13594 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
13618 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
13632 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
13642 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
13650 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
13658 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
13660 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
13672 =item Temporary files and NFS
13684 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
13698 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
13706 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
13714 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
13722 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
13728 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
13742 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
13744 =item All-in-one interface
13746 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
13748 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
13751 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
13753 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
13754 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
13755 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
13757 described in the previous section.
13759 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
13761 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
13773 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
13783 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
13787 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
13789 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
13797 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
13799 =item Example 2: Using the context
13801 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
13803 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
13807 =item Filter::Simple
13815 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
13823 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
13835 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
13851 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
13859 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
13861 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
13865 =item Simple options
13867 =item A little bit less simple options
13869 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
13871 =item Options with values
13873 =item Options with multiple values
13875 =item Options with hash values
13877 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
13879 =item Options with multiple names
13881 =item Case and abbreviations
13883 =item Summary of Option Specifications
13885 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
13890 =item Advanced Possibilities
13894 =item Object oriented interface
13896 =item Thread Safety
13898 =item Documentation and help texts
13900 =item Storing options in a hash
13904 =item The lonesome dash
13906 =item Argument callback
13910 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
13912 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
13913 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
13914 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
13915 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
13916 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
13918 =item Return values and Errors
13924 =item Default destinations
13926 =item Alternative option starters
13928 =item Configuration variables
13932 =item Trouble Shooting
13936 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
13938 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
13941 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
13943 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
13949 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13953 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
13964 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
13974 =item Restricted hashes
13976 lock_keys, unlock_keys
13982 lock_value, unlock_value
13984 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
13994 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
14005 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
14016 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
14018 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
14020 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14022 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14024 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
14026 the function super_languages($lang1)
14028 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
14030 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
14032 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
14034 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
14038 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
14040 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
14050 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
14058 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
14060 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
14062 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
14063 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
14064 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
14065 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
14066 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
14067 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
14068 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
14069 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
14070 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
14071 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
14072 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
14073 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
14074 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
14075 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
14076 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
14077 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
14078 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
14079 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
14080 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
14081 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
14082 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
14083 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
14084 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
14085 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
14086 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
14087 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
14088 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
14089 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
14090 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
14091 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
14092 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
14093 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
14094 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
14095 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
14096 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
14097 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
14098 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
14099 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
14100 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
14101 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
14102 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
14103 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
14104 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
14105 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
14106 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
14107 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
14108 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
14109 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
14110 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
14111 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
14112 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
14113 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
14114 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
14115 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
14116 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
14117 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
14118 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
14119 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
14120 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
14121 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
14122 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
14123 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
14124 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
14125 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
14126 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
14127 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
14128 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
14129 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
14130 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
14131 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
14132 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
14133 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
14134 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
14135 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
14136 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
14137 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
14138 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
14139 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
14140 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
14141 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
14142 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
14143 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
14144 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
14145 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
14146 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
14147 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
14148 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
14149 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
14150 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
14151 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
14152 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
14153 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
14154 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
14155 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
14156 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
14157 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
14158 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
14159 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
14160 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
14161 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
14162 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
14163 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
14164 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
14165 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
14166 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
14167 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
14168 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
14169 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
14170 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
14171 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
14172 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
14173 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
14174 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
14175 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
14176 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
14177 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
14178 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
14179 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
14180 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
14184 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14190 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
14208 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14212 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
14222 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
14230 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14231 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14241 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14251 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14255 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14263 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
14273 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14277 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14278 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14279 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14280 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14292 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14302 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14306 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14316 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14326 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14327 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14337 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
14345 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14346 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14355 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
14365 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14369 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14370 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14371 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14381 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
14395 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14396 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14406 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
14422 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14435 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
14449 hostpath(), peerpath()
14459 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
14468 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14469 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14479 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14489 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14493 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14501 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
14512 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14516 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14517 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14518 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14519 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14531 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14541 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14545 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14555 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14565 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14566 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14576 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
14585 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14586 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14595 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
14606 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14610 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14611 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14612 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14622 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
14637 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14638 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14648 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
14649 AF_INET domain sockets
14665 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14678 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
14679 AF_UNIX domain sockets
14693 hostpath(), peerpath()
14703 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14713 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14714 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14725 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
14739 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
14752 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
14762 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14763 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14764 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14775 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
14793 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14803 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14804 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14815 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
14826 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14827 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14828 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14839 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
14847 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14848 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14852 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14858 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
14859 general-utility list subroutines
14867 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14868 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14872 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14878 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
14879 general-utility scalar subroutines
14887 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
14888 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14898 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
14906 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14910 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
14918 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
14926 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
14928 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14930 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
14931 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
14933 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14935 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
14937 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
14943 =item rename_country
14951 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14955 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
14956 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
14957 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
14958 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
14966 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
14967 identification (ISO 4217)
14977 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14979 code2currency(), currency2code()
14981 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14983 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
14987 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14991 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
14992 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
15000 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
15009 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15011 code2language(), language2code()
15013 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15015 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
15019 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15023 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
15024 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
15032 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
15040 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15046 =item Construction Methods
15048 =item The "maketext" Method
15050 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
15052 =item Utility Methods
15054 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
15055 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
15056 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
15057 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
15059 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
15063 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
15065 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
15067 =item BRACKET NOTATION
15069 =item AUTO LEXICONS
15071 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
15073 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
15077 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15083 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
15091 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
15095 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
15097 =item The Linguistic View
15099 =item Breaking gettext
15101 =item Replacing gettext
15103 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
15105 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
15107 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
15109 =item Buzzword: Concision
15111 =item The Devil in the Details
15113 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
15121 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
15129 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
15133 =item SPECIAL CODES
15137 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15139 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
15140 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
15142 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15144 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
15148 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15152 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
15153 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
15161 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
15169 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
15173 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
15181 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
15182 of quoted-printable strings
15190 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15196 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
15205 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15211 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
15221 =item Canonical notation
15225 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
15227 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
15231 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
15232 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
15240 =item Autocreating constants
15246 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
15254 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
15262 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
15270 Canonical notation, Input, Output
15292 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
15294 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
15296 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
15297 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
15299 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
15385 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
15395 =item Rounding mode R
15397 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
15398 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
15399 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
15412 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
15420 =item Autocreating constants
15426 =item Alternative math libraries
15432 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
15440 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
15446 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
15450 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
15451 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
15452 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
15462 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
15472 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
15476 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
15478 the same terms as Perl itself.
15486 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals
15508 =item denominator()
15510 $d = $x->denominator();
15520 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
15534 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
15547 =item STRINGIFICATION
15551 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
15557 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
15559 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
15567 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
15575 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
15581 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
15583 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
15587 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15589 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
15593 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
15595 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15597 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
15598 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
15602 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
15608 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
15618 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
15636 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
15638 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
15642 =item OTHER FACILITIES
15648 =item C<flush_cache>
15654 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
15656 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
15664 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15670 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
15679 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
15690 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
15702 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15710 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15718 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
15727 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
15736 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
15744 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
15752 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15758 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15762 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15766 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
15776 =item Enforcing redispatch
15778 =item Avoiding repetitions
15784 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15790 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
15800 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
15803 =item CLASS METHODS
15805 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
15806 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
15807 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
15817 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
15827 requires_firewall HOST
15829 =item NetConfig VALUES
15831 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
15832 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
15833 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
15837 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
15846 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
15854 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
15866 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
15870 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
15871 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
15872 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
15873 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
15874 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
15875 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
15876 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
15877 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
15878 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
15879 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
15880 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
15881 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
15882 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
15886 =item Methods for the adventurous
15892 =item THE dataconn CLASS
15894 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
15895 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
15897 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
15899 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
15901 =item REPORTING BUGS
15909 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
15917 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
15927 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
15931 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
15932 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
15933 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
15934 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
15935 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
15936 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
15937 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
15941 =item Extension methods
15943 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
15944 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
15945 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
15946 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
15955 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
15965 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
15977 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
15981 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
15982 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
15983 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
15984 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
15996 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
16008 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->source_verify( {
16009 0 | 1 } );, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->ping($host
16010 [, $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [,
16025 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
16037 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
16041 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
16042 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
16043 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
16044 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
16045 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
16046 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
16059 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
16067 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
16068 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
16076 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
16093 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
16101 =item Where to get this document
16103 =item How to contribute to this document
16107 =item Author and Copyright Information
16115 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
16119 =item What is libnet ?
16121 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
16123 =item What other modules do I need ?
16125 =item What machines support libnet ?
16127 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
16131 =item Using Net::FTP
16135 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
16137 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
16139 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
16141 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
16144 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
16146 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
16148 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
16150 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
16152 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
16154 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
16157 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
16159 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
16162 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
16165 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
16169 =item Using Net::SMTP
16173 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
16176 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
16178 =item The verify method always returns true ?
16182 =item Debugging scripts
16186 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
16190 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
16194 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
16211 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
16226 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
16243 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
16251 =item THE .netrc FILE
16253 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
16258 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
16262 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
16272 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
16282 =item IMPLEMENTATION
16290 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
16298 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16304 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16308 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16312 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
16324 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
16326 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
16327 or optag, an operator set (opset)
16329 =item Opcode Functions
16331 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
16332 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
16333 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
16336 =item Manipulating Opsets
16338 =item TO DO (maybe)
16344 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
16346 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
16347 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
16348 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
16357 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
16366 a new namespace, an operator mask
16372 =item RECENT CHANGES
16374 =item Methods in class Safe
16376 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16377 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16378 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16379 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16381 =item Some Safety Issues
16383 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16391 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
16404 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
16418 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
16419 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
16420 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
16421 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
16422 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
16423 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
16424 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
16425 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
16426 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
16427 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
16428 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
16429 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
16430 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
16431 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
16432 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
16433 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
16434 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
16435 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
16436 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
16437 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
16438 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
16439 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
16440 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
16441 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
16442 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
16449 =item POSIX::SigAction
16453 =item POSIX::SigSet
16455 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
16457 =item POSIX::Termios
16459 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
16460 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
16461 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
16462 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
16463 values, c_oflag field values
16467 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
16471 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
16475 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
16529 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
16530 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
16534 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
16543 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw, pop
16547 =item Alternatives to raw
16549 =item Defaults and how to override them
16559 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
16571 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
16581 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
16589 =item EXPECTED METHODS
16591 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
16592 $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]),
16593 $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]), $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]),
16594 $obj->FILENO($fh), $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh),
16595 $obj->FILL($fh), $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh),
16596 $obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh),
16597 $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh),
16604 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
16610 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
16624 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
16630 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
16636 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
16648 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
16649 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
16650 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
16651 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
16652 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
16653 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
16654 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
16655 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
16660 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
16661 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
16662 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
16663 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
16664 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
16665 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
16669 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
16670 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
16682 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
16684 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
16687 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
16689 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
16691 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
16693 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
16695 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
16703 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
16715 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
16717 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
16724 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
16730 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
16732 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
16739 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
16751 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
16761 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
16762 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
16777 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
16790 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
16791 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
16797 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
16821 =item B<was_cutting()>
16827 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
16833 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
16839 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16845 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
16851 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16857 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
16863 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
16869 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16875 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16881 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
16887 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
16893 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16899 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16905 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
16911 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
16917 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16923 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
16929 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
16935 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16941 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16947 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
16953 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
16959 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
16965 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
16971 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
16977 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16983 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
16989 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16995 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
17007 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
17019 =item OBJECT METHODS
17027 =item Data Accessors
17043 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
17045 B<StartWithNewPage>
17059 =item Subclassed methods
17073 B<interior_sequence>
17089 =item Methods for headings
17097 =item Internal methods
17103 B<_replace_special_chars>
17105 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
17111 B<_clean_latex_commands>
17113 B<_split_delimited>
17129 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
17137 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
17142 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
17143 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
17144 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
17155 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17159 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
17171 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17175 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
17189 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
17197 $list-E<gt>indent()
17205 $list-E<gt>parent()
17211 =item Pod::Hyperlink
17213 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
17217 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
17219 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
17223 $link-E<gt>warning()
17225 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
17231 $link-E<gt>alttext()
17241 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
17247 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
17251 =item Pod::Cache::Item
17253 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
17257 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
17259 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
17261 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
17263 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
17265 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
17267 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
17269 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
17279 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
17291 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
17293 =item PARSING OPTIONS
17295 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
17296 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
17302 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17310 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17316 =item B<verbatim()>
17318 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17324 =item B<textblock()>
17326 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17332 =item B<interior_sequence()>
17338 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17350 =item B<initialize()>
17356 =item B<begin_pod()>
17362 =item B<begin_input()>
17368 =item B<end_input()>
17380 =item B<preprocess_line()>
17386 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
17392 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
17398 =item B<parse_text()>
17400 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
17401 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
17402 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
17408 =item B<interpolate()>
17414 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
17420 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
17426 =item B<parse_from_file()>
17432 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
17438 =item B<errorsub()>
17450 =item B<parseopts()>
17456 =item B<output_file()>
17462 =item B<output_handle()>
17468 =item B<input_file()>
17474 =item B<input_handle()>
17480 =item B<input_streams()>
17486 =item B<top_stream()>
17492 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17498 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
17504 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
17510 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
17518 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
17538 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
17551 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
17553 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
17559 =item OBJECT METHODS
17565 =item B<curr_headings()>
17577 =item B<add_selection()>
17583 =item B<clear_selections()>
17589 =item B<match_section()>
17595 =item B<is_selected()>
17601 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
17607 =item B<podselect()>
17609 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
17615 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17621 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
17627 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
17633 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
17645 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
17653 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
17657 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
17658 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
17659 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
17670 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17674 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
17688 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17692 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
17707 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17711 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
17726 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17730 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
17739 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
17748 =item Recommended Use
17756 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
17760 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
17767 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17771 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
17775 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17779 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
17785 =item OVER AND ITEMS
17787 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
17790 =item FORMATTING CODES
17792 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
17800 =head2 Pod::t::htmlescp, Escape Sequences Test
17808 =head2 Pod::t::htmlview, Test HTML Rendering
17816 =item METHODS =E<gt> OTHER STUFF
17822 foo, bar, baz, C<Black> Cat, Sat S<I<on> the>, MatE<lt>!E<gt>, 1 Cat, 2
17829 =item TESTING FOR AND BEGIN
17831 =item TESTING URLs hyperlinking
17837 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
17845 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17851 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17855 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17859 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
17867 a new namespace, an operator mask
17873 =item RECENT CHANGES
17875 =item Methods in class Safe
17877 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17878 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17879 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17880 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17882 =item Some Safety Issues
17884 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17892 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
17900 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
17901 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
17911 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
17921 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
17931 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
17941 =item The __DATA__ token
17943 =item SelfLoader autoloading
17945 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
17947 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
17949 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
17951 =item Classes and inherited methods.
17955 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
17959 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
17969 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
17977 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
17978 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
17986 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
17987 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
17988 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
17989 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
17990 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
17994 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
18004 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
18008 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
18010 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
18012 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
18014 =item ERROR REPORTING
18022 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
18027 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
18028 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
18036 =item Storable magic
18046 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
18058 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
18072 =item Allowing fall-through
18074 =item Automating fall-through
18076 =item Alternative syntax
18078 =item Higher-order Operations
18094 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
18104 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
18116 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
18117 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18125 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18126 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18127 in 5.004_02), closelog
18137 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
18138 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18146 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18147 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18148 in 5.004_02), closelog
18158 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
18168 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
18169 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
18170 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
18174 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
18184 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18188 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
18204 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
18206 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18208 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18210 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
18218 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18226 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
18234 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
18244 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
18245 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
18253 =item Minimal set of supported functions
18255 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
18256 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
18258 =item Additional supported functions
18260 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
18270 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
18296 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
18300 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18310 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
18330 =item Setting up tests
18346 =item Running tests
18352 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
18354 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
18380 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
18392 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
18396 =item Test Status and Info
18404 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
18428 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
18438 =item The test script output
18440 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
18441 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
18446 =item Configuration variables.
18448 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
18452 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
18479 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
18480 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
18481 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
18482 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
18486 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
18487 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
18488 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
18502 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
18528 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
18538 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
18576 B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
18592 B<_reset_file_state>
18612 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
18622 =item I love it when a plan comes together
18632 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
18672 =item Conditional tests
18678 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
18680 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
18684 =item Comparison functions
18698 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
18708 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18710 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
18723 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
18747 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
18756 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
18764 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
18766 =item Where to start?
18770 =item Test the manual
18772 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
18774 =item Testing lots of values
18776 =item Informative names
18778 =item Skipping tests
18782 =item Testing with taint mode.
18794 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
18806 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
18816 =item General behaviour in list contexts
18820 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
18822 =item A note about prefixes
18824 =item C<extract_delimited>
18826 =item C<extract_bracketed>
18828 =item C<extract_tagged>
18830 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
18831 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
18833 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
18835 =item C<extract_quotelike>
18837 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
18839 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
18841 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
18843 =item C<extract_codeblock>
18845 =item C<extract_multiple>
18847 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
18853 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
18854 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
18855 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
18856 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
18857 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
18858 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
18859 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
18860 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
18861 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
18862 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
18863 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
18864 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
18869 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
18875 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
18890 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
18907 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
18922 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
18938 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
18950 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
18951 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
18952 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
18956 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
18964 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
18972 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18974 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
18980 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
18988 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18990 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
18994 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
19009 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
19019 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
19027 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
19028 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
19029 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
19030 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
19038 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
19058 =item Option Format
19062 =item Public Methods
19070 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
19074 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
19076 =item Deferred Writing
19080 =item Autodeferring
19088 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
19102 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
19111 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
19112 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
19113 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
19114 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
19116 =item MORE INFORMATION
19118 =item COMPATIBILITY
19122 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
19131 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
19132 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
19134 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
19136 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
19138 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
19140 =item MORE INFORMATION
19144 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
19152 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
19162 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
19180 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
19189 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
19191 =item MORE INFORMATION
19195 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
19207 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
19216 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
19217 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
19218 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
19219 getitimer ( $which )
19235 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
19243 =item IMPLEMENTATION
19249 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
19264 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
19279 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
19291 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
19299 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
19300 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
19304 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
19314 =item Constructor and Tailoring
19316 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
19317 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
19318 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
19320 =item Methods for Collation
19322 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
19323 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
19324 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
19325 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
19326 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
19327 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
19328 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
19329 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
19330 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
19332 =item Other Methods
19334 UCA_Version, Base_Unicode_Version
19350 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/,
19351 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt,
19352 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19353 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18, L<Unicode::Normalize>
19357 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
19367 =item Normalization Forms
19369 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
19370 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
19371 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
19373 =item Decomposition and Composition
19375 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
19376 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
19377 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
19381 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
19382 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
19383 check($form_name, $string)>
19385 =item Character Data
19387 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
19388 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
19389 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
19390 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
19391 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
19392 C<$is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
19393 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
19403 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19404 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
19408 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
19450 =item Blocks versus Scripts
19452 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
19454 =item Code Point Arguments
19480 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
19486 =item Implementation Note
19498 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
19513 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
19524 =item System Specifics
19538 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
19546 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
19548 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
19549 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
19550 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
19551 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
19552 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
19553 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
19554 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
19555 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
19556 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
19557 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
19558 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
19559 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
19560 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
19561 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
19562 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
19563 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
19564 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
19570 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
19582 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
19584 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
19585 don't all have manual pages yet:
19611 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles