4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Platform-Specific
56 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
66 =item Running Perl programs
68 =item Basic syntax overview
70 =item Perl variable types
72 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
74 =item Variable scoping
76 =item Conditional and looping constructs
78 if, while, for, foreach
80 =item Builtin operators and functions
82 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
87 =item Regular expressions
89 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
90 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
92 =item Writing subroutines
96 =item Using Perl modules
104 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2001/11/19
113 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
115 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
117 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
121 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
123 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
125 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
127 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
129 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
131 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
135 =item About the perlfaq documents
139 =item Where to get the perlfaq
141 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
143 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
150 =item Author and Copyright Information
154 =item Bundled Distributions
162 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
163 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
164 Initial Release: 11/March/97
168 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
176 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
186 =item Simple statements
188 =item Compound statements
196 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
200 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
202 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
208 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
222 =item Scalar value constructors
224 =item List value constructors
228 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
236 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
246 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
248 =item The Arrow Operator
250 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
254 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
256 =item Binding Operators
258 =item Multiplicative Operators
260 =item Additive Operators
262 =item Shift Operators
264 =item Named Unary Operators
266 =item Relational Operators
268 =item Equality Operators
272 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
274 =item C-style Logical And
276 =item C-style Logical Or
278 =item Range Operators
280 =item Conditional Operator
282 =item Assignment Operators
286 =item List Operators (Rightward)
292 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
294 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
296 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
298 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
300 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
302 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
303 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
304 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
305 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
307 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
309 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
310 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
311 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
312 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
317 =item Constant Folding
319 =item Bitwise String Operators
321 =item Integer Arithmetic
323 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
331 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
341 =item Private Variables via my()
343 =item Persistent Private Variables
345 =item Temporary Values via local()
347 =item Lvalue subroutines
349 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
351 =item When to Still Use local()
353 =item Pass by Reference
357 =item Constant Functions
359 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
363 =item Subroutine Attributes
371 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
379 =item Perl Functions by Category
381 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
382 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
383 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
384 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
385 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
386 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
387 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
388 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
389 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
390 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
395 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
397 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
398 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
399 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
400 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
401 chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr
402 NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir
403 DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt
404 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR,
405 defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR,
406 dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
407 BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
408 fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
409 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
410 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
411 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
412 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
413 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
414 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
415 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
416 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
417 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
418 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
419 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
420 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
421 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
422 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc,
423 lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
424 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log,
425 lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK,
426 mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
427 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES,
428 next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
429 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
430 FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord
431 EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
432 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
433 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
434 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
435 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
436 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
437 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
438 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
439 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
440 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
441 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
442 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
443 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
444 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
445 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
446 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
447 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
448 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
449 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
450 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
451 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
452 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
453 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
454 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
455 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
456 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
457 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
458 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
459 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
460 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
461 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
462 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
463 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
464 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
465 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
466 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
467 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
468 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
469 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
475 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
481 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
489 =item Making References
491 =item Using References
509 =item Distribution Conditions
515 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
521 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
522 more elaborate constructs
526 =item COMMON MISTAKES
528 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
530 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
536 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
540 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
542 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
544 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
548 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
552 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
554 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
556 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
560 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
564 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
566 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
568 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
572 =item HASHES OF HASHES
576 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
578 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
580 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
584 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
588 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
590 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
592 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
604 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
614 =item Simple word matching
616 =item Using character classes
618 =item Matching this or that
620 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
622 =item Extracting matches
624 =item Matching repetitions
628 =item Search and replace
630 =item The split operator
638 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
642 =item Acknowledgments
648 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
656 =item Ordinary Paragraph
658 =item Verbatim Paragraph
660 =item Command Paragraph
662 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
663 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
664 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
665 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
667 =item Formatting Codes
669 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
670 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
671 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
672 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
673 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
674 (zero-effect) formatting code
678 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
680 =item Hints for Writing Pod
690 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
697 =item Pod Definitions
701 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
702 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
704 =item Pod Formatting Codes
706 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
707 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
708 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
709 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
710 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
711 contains non-breaking spaces
713 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
715 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
717 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
719 =item About =over...=back Regions
721 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
729 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
737 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
755 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
757 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
758 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
759 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
760 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
762 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
764 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
765 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
766 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
770 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
772 =item Numerical Traps
774 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
776 =item General data type traps
778 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
779 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
781 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
783 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
785 =item Precedence Traps
787 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
790 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
792 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
793 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
796 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
798 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
804 =item Interpolation Traps
806 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
807 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
813 =item Unclassified Traps
815 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
822 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
832 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
834 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
836 =item Location of Perl
838 =item Command Switches
840 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
841 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
842 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
843 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
844 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
845 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
852 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
853 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
854 PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to
859 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
867 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
875 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
877 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
879 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
883 =item Backward Compatibility
885 =item Category Hierarchy
889 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
901 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
909 =item Looking at data and -w and w
913 =item Stepping through code
915 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
917 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
935 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
941 =item The Perl Debugger
945 =item Debugger Commands
947 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
948 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
949 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
950 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
951 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
952 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
953 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
954 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
955 cmd, @ file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man
958 =item Configurable Options
960 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
961 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
962 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
963 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
964 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
965 C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
967 =item Debugger input/output
969 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
972 =item Debugging compile-time statements
974 =item Debugger Customization
976 =item Readline Support
978 =item Editor Support for Debugging
980 =item The Perl Profiler
984 =item Debugging regular expressions
986 =item Debugging memory usage
994 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1002 =item Predefined Names
1004 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1005 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1006 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1007 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1008 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1009 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1010 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1011 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1012 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1013 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1014 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1015 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1016 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1017 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1018 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1019 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1020 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1021 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1022 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1023 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1024 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1025 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1026 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1027 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1028 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1029 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1030 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1031 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1032 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1033 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1035 =item Error Indicators
1037 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1045 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1053 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1055 =item Growing Your Own
1057 =item Access and Printing
1069 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1075 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1083 =item The Minus File
1085 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1091 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1095 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1099 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1103 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1105 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1107 =item Paths as Opens
1109 =item Single Argument Open
1111 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1115 =item Other I/O Issues
1119 =item Opening Non-File Files
1129 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1135 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1141 =item The Basic Principle
1145 =item Packing Numbers
1151 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1153 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1155 =item Floating point Numbers
1159 =item Exotic Templates
1171 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1175 =item Lengths and Widths
1179 =item String Lengths
1181 =item Dynamic Templates
1185 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1189 =item The Alignment Pit
1191 =item Alignment, Take 2
1193 =item Alignment, Take 3
1195 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1201 =item Funnies Section
1207 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1213 =item Part 1: The basics
1217 =item Simple word matching
1219 =item Using character classes
1221 =item Matching this or that
1223 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1225 =item Extracting matches
1227 =item Matching repetitions
1229 =item Building a regexp
1231 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1235 =item Part 2: Power tools
1239 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1241 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1243 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1245 =item Non-capturing groupings
1247 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1249 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1251 =item Conditional expressions
1253 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1255 =item Pragmas and debugging
1263 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1267 =item Acknowledgments
1273 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1283 =item Regular Expressions
1285 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1287 =item Extended Patterns
1289 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1290 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1291 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1292 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1296 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1298 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1300 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1302 =item Combining pieces together
1304 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1305 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1306 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1307 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1309 =item Creating custom RE engines
1319 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1329 =item Making References
1331 =item Using References
1333 =item Symbolic references
1335 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1337 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1339 =item Function Templates
1349 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1357 =item Format Variables
1367 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1375 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1383 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1385 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1387 =item Invoking a barnyard
1389 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1391 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1393 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1395 =item A few notes about @ISA
1397 =item Overriding the methods
1399 =item Starting the search from a different place
1401 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1403 =item Where we're at so far...
1405 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1407 =item Invoking an instance method
1409 =item Accessing the instance data
1411 =item How to build a horse
1413 =item Inheriting the constructor
1415 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1417 =item Adding parameters to a method
1419 =item More interesting instances
1421 =item A horse of a different color
1433 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1439 =item Creating a Class
1443 =item Object Representation
1445 =item Class Interface
1447 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1449 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1453 =item Other Object Methods
1461 =item Accessing Class Data
1463 =item Debugging Methods
1465 =item Class Destructors
1467 =item Documenting the Interface
1477 =item Overridden Methods
1479 =item Multiple Inheritance
1481 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1485 =item Alternate Object Representations
1489 =item Arrays as Objects
1491 =item Closures as Objects
1495 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1499 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1501 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1505 =item Metaclassical Tools
1511 =item Data Members as Variables
1519 =item Object Terminology
1525 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1531 =item Acknowledgments
1537 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1543 =item Class Data in a Can
1545 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1549 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1551 =item Inheritance Concerns
1553 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1555 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1557 =item Monadic Classes
1559 =item Translucent Attributes
1563 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1567 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1569 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1571 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1573 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1575 =item Translucency Revisited
1583 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1585 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1591 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1599 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1601 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1603 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1605 =item Method Invocation
1607 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1609 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1611 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1617 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1625 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1631 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1633 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1635 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1637 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1639 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1641 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1643 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1645 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1647 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1649 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1655 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1667 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1672 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1673 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1674 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1675 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1680 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1681 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1682 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1684 =item Tying FileHandles
1686 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1687 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1692 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1704 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1705 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1721 =item Using open() for IPC
1727 =item Background Processes
1729 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1731 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1733 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1735 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1739 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1743 =item Internet Line Terminators
1745 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1747 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1751 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1755 =item A Simple Client
1757 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1759 =item A Webget Client
1761 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1765 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1767 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1769 =item UDP: Message Passing
1783 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1793 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1795 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1796 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1797 files, directories and network sockets
1799 =item Resource limits
1801 =item Killing the parent process
1803 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1805 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1807 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1808 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1809 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1821 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1829 =item Storing numbers
1831 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1833 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1835 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1836 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1837 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1846 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1854 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1860 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1862 =item Threaded Program Models
1874 =item Native threads
1876 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1878 =item Threadsafe Modules
1884 =item Basic Thread Support
1886 =item Creating Threads
1888 =item Giving up control
1890 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1892 =item Errors In Threads
1894 =item Ignoring A Thread
1898 =item Threads And Data
1902 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1904 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1906 =item Controlling access: lock()
1908 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1910 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1914 =item Threads And Code
1918 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1920 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1922 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1924 =item Subroutine Locks
1928 =item Locking A Subroutine
1932 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1936 =item What Thread Am I In?
1940 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1942 =item What Threads Are Running?
1946 =item A Complete Example
1954 =item Introductory Texts
1956 =item OS-Related References
1958 =item Other References
1962 =item Acknowledgements
1970 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1976 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1985 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1987 =item Files and Filesystems
1989 =item System Interaction
1991 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1993 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1995 =item Standard Modules
1999 =item Character sets and character encoding
2001 =item Internationalisation
2003 =item System Resources
2013 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2014 http://testers.cpan.org/
2022 =item DOS and Derivatives
2030 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2038 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2042 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2044 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2045 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2046 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2047 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2048 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2049 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2050 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2051 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2052 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
2053 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
2054 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
2055 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
2056 kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
2057 lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
2058 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
2059 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
2060 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
2061 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2062 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2063 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2064 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2065 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2066 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2067 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2068 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2069 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2075 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2076 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2077 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2078 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2079 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2080 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2082 =item Supported Platforms
2086 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2092 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2099 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2105 =item The use locale pragma
2107 =item The setlocale function
2109 =item Finding locales
2111 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2113 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2115 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2117 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2119 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2121 =item The localeconv function
2123 =item I18N::Langinfo
2127 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2131 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2133 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2135 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2137 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2141 =item Other categories
2149 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2150 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2156 =item Backward compatibility
2158 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2160 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2162 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2164 =item Freely available locale definitions
2168 =item An imperfect standard
2176 =item Broken systems
2186 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2196 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2198 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2200 =item Creating Unicode
2202 =item Handling Unicode
2204 =item Legacy Encodings
2208 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2212 =item Advanced Topics
2216 =item Questions With Answers
2218 Will My Old Scripts Break?, How Do I Make My Scripts Work With Unicode?,
2219 How Do I Know Whether My String Is In Unicode?, How Do I Detect Invalid
2220 UTF-8?, How Do I Convert Data Into UTF-8? Or Vice Versa?, How Do I Display
2221 Unicode? How Do I Input Unicode?, How Does Unicode Work With Traditional
2224 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2226 =item Further Resources
2230 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2234 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
2236 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2240 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2248 =item Important Caveats
2250 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2251 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2253 =item Byte and Character semantics
2255 =item Effects of character semantics
2261 =item Character encodings for input and output
2267 =item UNICODE REGULAR EXPRESSION SUPPORT LEVEL
2271 =item Unicode Encodings
2273 UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-16BE, UTF16-LE, Surrogates, and BOMs (Byte Order Marks),
2274 UTF-32, UTF-32BE, UTF32-LE, UCS-2, UCS-4, UTF-7
2276 =item Security Implications of Malformed UTF-8
2278 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2286 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2292 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2300 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2304 =item 13 variant characters
2312 =item Unicode and UTF
2316 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2318 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2320 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2334 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2336 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2338 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2340 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2348 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2350 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2352 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2354 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2358 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2362 =item URL decoding and encoding
2364 =item uu encoding and decoding
2366 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2368 =item Caesarian ciphers
2372 =item Hashing order and checksums
2376 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2388 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2408 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2416 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2418 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2420 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2424 =item Protecting Your Programs
2432 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2444 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2450 =item Making your module threadsafe
2458 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2468 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2469 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2483 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2489 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2493 =item Pragmatic Modules
2495 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2496 diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops,
2497 overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, utf8, vars, vmsish,
2498 warnings, warnings::register
2500 =item Standard Modules
2502 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2503 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2504 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2505 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2506 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2507 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2508 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2509 Dumpvalue, Encode, Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env,
2510 Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant,
2511 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2512 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
2513 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
2514 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
2515 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
2516 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
2517 File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2518 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2519 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2520 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate,
2521 I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
2522 Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language,
2523 Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2524 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize,
2525 Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile,
2526 Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File,
2527 Memoize::Saves, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config,
2528 Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping,
2529 Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
2530 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
2531 Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX,
2532 Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer,
2533 Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
2534 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, Pod::t::basic, SDBM_File, Safe,
2535 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2536 Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2537 Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial,
2538 Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs,
2539 Text::Wrap, Thread, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash,
2540 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime,
2541 Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::UCD, User::grent,
2544 =item Extension Modules
2556 =item Central America
2568 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2572 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2574 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2576 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2584 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2590 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2594 =item Before you start
2602 =item Release considerations
2606 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2610 =item Has it been done before?
2612 =item Do one thing and do it well
2614 =item What's in a name?
2618 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2622 =item To OO or not to OO?
2624 =item Designing your API
2626 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2627 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2630 =item Strictness and warnings
2632 =item Backwards compatibility
2634 =item Error handling and messages
2638 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2644 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2648 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2652 =item Version numbering
2654 =item Pre-requisites
2664 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2668 =item Reinventing the wheel
2670 =item Trying to do too much
2672 =item Inappropriate documentation
2678 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2679 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2685 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2695 =item What should I make into a module?
2697 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2699 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2701 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2703 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2704 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2705 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2707 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2709 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2710 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2720 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.2 $, $Date:
2721 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)
2731 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2733 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2735 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2737 =item What is perl6?
2739 =item How stable is Perl?
2741 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2743 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2746 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2748 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2750 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2752 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2754 =item What is a JAPH?
2756 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2758 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2759 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2763 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2767 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.3 $,
2768 $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)
2776 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2778 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2780 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2782 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2785 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2786 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2788 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2789 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2791 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2793 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2795 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2797 =item Where should I post source code?
2801 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2803 =item Perl in Magazines
2805 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2807 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2809 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2811 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2813 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2815 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2819 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2823 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.10 $, $Date: 2001/11/19
2832 =item How do I do (anything)?
2834 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2836 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2838 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2840 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2842 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2844 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2846 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2848 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2850 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2851 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2852 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2854 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2856 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2858 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2860 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2862 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2864 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2866 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2868 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
2869 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
2871 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2873 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2875 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2877 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2879 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2881 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2883 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2885 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2887 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2889 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2891 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2893 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2895 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2896 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2898 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2901 =item What's MakeMaker?
2905 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2909 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2001/12/07
2920 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2921 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2923 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2925 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2928 =item How do I convert between numeric representations:
2930 B<How do I convert Hexadecimal into decimal:>, B<How do I convert from
2931 decimal to hexadecimal:>, B<How do I convert from octal to decimal:>, B<How
2932 do I convert from decimal to octal:>, B<How do I convert from binary to
2933 decimal:>, B<How do I convert from decimal to binary:>
2935 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2937 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2939 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2941 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2943 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2951 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2953 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2955 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2957 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2959 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2961 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2963 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2971 =item How do I validate input?
2973 =item How do I unescape a string?
2975 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2977 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2979 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2981 =item How do I reverse a string?
2983 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2985 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2987 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2989 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2991 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2994 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2996 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2997 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2999 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3001 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3003 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3005 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3007 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3009 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3011 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3013 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3014 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3023 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3025 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3027 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3031 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3034 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3035 intersection of two arrays?
3037 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3039 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3041 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3043 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3045 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3047 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3049 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3051 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3053 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3055 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3057 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3061 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3065 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3067 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3070 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3072 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3074 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3076 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3078 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3080 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3082 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3084 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3086 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3088 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3090 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3093 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3094 array of hashes or arrays?
3096 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3104 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3106 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3108 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3110 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3112 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3114 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3116 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3120 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3124 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
3133 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3135 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3136 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3138 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3140 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3142 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3144 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3145 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3147 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3149 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3151 =item How can I write() into a string?
3153 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3155 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3157 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3159 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3161 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3163 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3165 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3167 =item How can I lock a file?
3169 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3171 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3172 the file. How can I do this?
3174 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3175 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3177 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3179 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3181 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3183 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3185 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3187 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3189 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3191 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3193 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3195 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3197 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3199 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
3200 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3202 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3204 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3205 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3207 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3209 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3213 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3217 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2001/12/02 01:55:12 $)
3225 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3226 and unmaintainable code?
3228 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3230 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3232 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3235 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3237 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3240 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3242 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3244 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3246 =item What is C</o> really for?
3248 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3251 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3253 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3255 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3257 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3259 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3261 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3263 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3265 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3267 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3269 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3271 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3273 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3275 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3279 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3283 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/07
3292 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3294 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3297 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3300 =item How do I skip some return values?
3302 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3304 =item What's an extension?
3306 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3308 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3310 =item How do I create a module?
3312 =item How do I create a class?
3314 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3316 =item What's a closure?
3318 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3320 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3323 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3326 =item How do I create a static variable?
3328 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3329 Between local() and my()?
3331 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3334 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3336 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3338 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3340 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3342 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3344 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3346 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3348 =item How can I find out my current package?
3350 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3352 =item How do I clear a package?
3354 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3358 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3362 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
3371 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3373 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3375 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3377 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3379 =item How do I print something out in color?
3381 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3383 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3385 =item How do I clear the screen?
3387 =item How do I get the screen size?
3389 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3391 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3393 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3395 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3397 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3399 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3401 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3403 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3405 =item How do I set the time and date?
3407 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3409 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3411 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3413 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3414 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3416 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3418 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3420 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3422 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3424 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3426 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3428 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3430 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3432 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3434 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3437 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3439 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3441 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3443 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3446 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3447 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3448 changes to be visible?
3452 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3455 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3457 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3459 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3461 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3463 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3465 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3467 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3469 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3471 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3473 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3475 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3477 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3480 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3482 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3486 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3490 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04
3499 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3501 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3504 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3506 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3508 =item How do I extract URLs?
3510 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3511 file on another machine?
3513 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3515 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3517 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3519 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3521 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3523 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3525 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3527 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3528 CGI script to do bad things?
3530 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3532 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3534 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3536 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3538 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3540 =item How do I send mail?
3542 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3544 =item How do I read mail?
3546 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3548 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3550 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3552 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3556 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3560 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3570 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3574 =item Using The Back Ends
3578 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3582 =item The Decompiling Back End
3584 =item The Lint Back End
3586 =item The Simple C Back End
3588 =item The Bytecode Back End
3590 =item The Optimized C Back End
3592 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3593 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3594 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3598 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3604 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3614 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3615 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3619 =item Compiling your C program
3621 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3623 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3625 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3627 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3629 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3631 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3633 =item Execution of END blocks
3635 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3637 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3642 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3652 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3658 =item Debugger Internals
3662 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3666 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3668 =item Debugging regular expressions
3672 =item Compile-time output
3674 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3675 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3676 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3679 =item Types of nodes
3681 =item Run-time output
3685 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3689 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3691 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3692 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3695 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3697 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3699 =item B<-DL> details
3703 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3711 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3723 =item Version caveat
3725 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3737 =item What has gone on?
3739 =item Writing good test scripts
3743 =item What's new here?
3745 =item Input and Output Parameters
3747 =item The XSUBPP Program
3749 =item The TYPEMAP file
3751 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3755 =item What has happened here?
3757 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3759 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3761 =item More about XSUB arguments
3763 =item The Argument Stack
3765 =item Extending your Extension
3767 =item Documenting your Extension
3769 =item Installing your Extension
3773 =item New Things in this Example
3777 =item New Things in this Example
3779 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3781 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3783 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3785 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3801 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3813 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3815 =item The Argument Stack
3817 =item The RETVAL Variable
3819 =item The MODULE Keyword
3821 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3823 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3825 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3827 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3829 =item The CODE: Keyword
3831 =item The INIT: Keyword
3833 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3835 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3837 =item Default Parameter Values
3839 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3841 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3843 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3845 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3847 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3849 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3851 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3853 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3855 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3857 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3859 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3861 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3863 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3865 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3867 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3869 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3871 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3873 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3875 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3877 =item The CASE: Keyword
3879 =item The & Unary Operator
3881 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3883 =item Using XS With C++
3885 =item Interface Strategy
3887 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3891 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
3893 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
3905 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3915 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3917 =item File Operations
3919 =item File Input and Output
3921 =item File Positioning
3923 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3925 =item Character Class Tests
3927 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3929 =item Miscellaneous functions
3937 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3949 =item What is an "IV"?
3951 =item Working with SVs
3955 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3957 =item Working with AVs
3959 =item Working with HVs
3961 =item Hash API Extensions
3965 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3967 =item Creating New Variables
3969 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3971 =item Stashes and Globs
3973 =item Double-Typed SVs
3975 =item Magic Variables
3977 =item Assigning Magic
3979 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3983 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3985 =item Localizing changes
3987 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3988 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3989 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3990 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3991 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3992 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3993 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3994 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3995 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3996 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4004 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4006 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4008 =item Memory Allocation
4012 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4016 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4026 =item Examining the tree
4028 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4030 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4032 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4034 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4036 =item Pluggable runops
4040 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4042 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4046 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4048 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4050 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4052 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4054 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4058 =item Internal Functions
4060 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4064 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4066 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4068 =item Source Documentation
4072 =item Unicode Support
4076 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4078 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4080 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4082 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4084 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4086 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4090 =item Custom Operators
4098 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4104 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4106 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4108 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4128 =item Determining the Context
4132 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4138 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4140 =item Passing Parameters
4142 =item Returning a Scalar
4144 =item Returning a list of values
4146 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4148 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4152 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4156 =item Using call_argv
4158 =item Using call_method
4162 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4164 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4166 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4167 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4170 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4172 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4184 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4194 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4195 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4196 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4197 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4201 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4203 =item Administration
4205 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4209 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4210 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4218 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4228 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4230 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4232 B<Decryption Filters>
4234 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4236 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4238 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4250 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4258 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4259 B<filter_fetch_value>
4265 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4267 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4277 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4283 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4284 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4285 ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
4286 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK,
4287 dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
4288 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, getcwd_sv, get_av, get_cv, get_hv,
4289 get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number,
4290 grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
4291 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD,
4292 G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV,
4293 HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete,
4294 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4295 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4296 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
4297 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
4298 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
4299 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
4300 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSV, newSViv,
4301 newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv,
4302 newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, new_vstring, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv,
4303 Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_clone, perl_construct,
4304 perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na,
4305 PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx,
4306 POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc,
4307 require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, scan_bin,
4308 scan_hex, scan_oct, sharedsv_find, sharedsv_init, sharedsv_lock,
4309 sharedsv_new, sharedsv_thrcnt_dec, sharedsv_thrcnt_inc, sharedsv_unlock,
4310 sortsv, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ,
4311 strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK,
4312 SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
4313 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK,
4314 SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK,
4315 SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV,
4316 SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen,
4317 SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen,
4318 SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT,
4319 SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC,
4320 SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH,
4321 SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE,
4322 SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK,
4323 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVx, SvUVX, sv_2bool,
4324 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4325 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4326 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4327 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4328 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec,
4329 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free,
4330 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
4331 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
4332 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
4333 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
4334 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4335 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4336 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg,
4337 sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv,
4338 sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags,
4339 sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true,
4340 sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
4341 sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
4342 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn,
4343 THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, to_utf8_case, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni,
4344 utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr,
4345 utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
4346 XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
4347 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO,
4348 XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
4357 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4364 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
4365 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena,
4366 sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4374 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4384 =item History and Background
4386 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4388 =item Data Structures
4390 =item Functions and Attributes
4392 =item Per-instance Data
4394 =item Layers in action.
4396 =item Per-instance flag bits
4398 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4399 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4400 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4401 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4403 =item Methods in Detail
4405 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4406 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4407 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
4408 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
4409 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
4410 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
4411 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4412 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4413 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4414 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
4415 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
4416 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
4417 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
4418 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4422 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4424 =item Extension Layers
4426 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4432 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4440 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4441 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4442 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4443 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4444 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4445 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4446 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4447 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4448 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4449 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4450 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4454 =item Co-existence with stdio
4456 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4457 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4459 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4461 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4462 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4463 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4464 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4466 =item Other Functions
4468 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4469 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4475 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4481 =item To do during 5.6.x
4485 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4487 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4489 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4491 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4493 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4497 =item use Thread for iThreads
4499 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4501 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4503 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4505 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4507 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4509 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4511 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4513 =item Complete signal handling
4515 =item Out-of-source builds
4517 =item POSIX realtime support
4519 =item UNIX98 support
4523 =item Long double conversion
4527 =item Thread-safe regexes
4529 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4531 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4533 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4535 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4537 =item Custom opcodes
4539 =item DLL Versioning
4541 =item Introduce @( and @)
4543 =item Floating point handling
4545 =item IV/UV preservation
4547 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4549 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4551 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4553 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4555 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4557 =item Document Win32 choices
4559 =item Check new modules
4561 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4565 =item To do at some point
4569 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4571 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4573 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4575 =item bitfields in pack
4577 =item Cross compilation
4579 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4581 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4583 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4585 =item -i rename file when changed
4587 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4589 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4591 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4593 =item my sub foo { }
4595 =item One-pass global destruction
4597 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4599 =item Cache recently used regexps
4601 =item Re-entrant functions
4603 =item Cross-compilation support
4605 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4607 =item debugger pragma
4609 =item use less pragma
4611 =item switch structures
4613 =item Cache eval tree
4617 =item Shrink opcode tables
4619 =item Optimize away @_
4621 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4625 =item Prototype method calls
4627 =item Return context prototype declarations
4631 =item Garbage collection
4635 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4637 =item Rewrite perldoc
4639 =item Install .3p manpages
4641 =item Unicode tutorial
4643 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4645 =item Retargetable installation
4647 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4649 =item Rename Win32 headers
4651 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4653 =item Update sprintf documentation
4655 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4657 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4665 =item ref() in list context
4667 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4669 =item Compile to real threaded code
4671 =item Structured types
4673 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4675 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4679 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4681 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4685 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4687 =item Constant function cache
4689 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4697 =item Update guts documentation
4699 =item Add more tests
4701 =item Update auxiliary tools
4705 =item Recently done things
4709 =item Safe signal handling
4715 =item setitimer and getimiter
4717 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4719 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4721 =item Explicit switch statements
4729 =item perlcc to produce executable
4731 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4733 =item Secure temporary file module
4735 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4737 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4739 =item Mmap for input
4741 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4743 =item Add sockatmark support
4745 =item Mailing list archives
4749 =item Integrate MacPerl
4751 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4753 =item Regular expression tutorial
4755 =item Debugging Tutorial
4757 =item Integrate new modules
4759 =item Integrate profiler
4761 =item Y2K error detection
4763 =item Regular expression debugger
4767 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4769 =item Cache precompiled modules
4773 =item Deprecated Wishes
4777 =item Loop control on do{}
4779 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4785 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4787 =item Named prototypes
4789 =item Built-in globbing
4791 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4793 =item Cached hash values
4795 =item Add compression modules
4797 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4799 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4801 =item Make XS easier to use
4803 =item Make embedding easier to use
4807 =item my $Package::variable
4809 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4811 =item "class"-based lexicals
4815 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4817 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4819 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4821 =item Create debugging macros
4827 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4833 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4834 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4835 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4836 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4837 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4838 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4839 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4843 =item Keeping in sync
4845 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4846 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4848 =item Why rsync the source tree
4850 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
4852 =item Why rsync the patches
4854 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4855 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4857 =item Perlbug remote interface
4859 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
4860 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
4862 =item Submitting patches
4864 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4865 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4867 =item Finding Your Way Around
4869 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4871 =item Elements of the interpreter
4873 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4875 =item Internal Variable Types
4881 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4883 =item Millions of Macros
4885 =item Poking at Perl
4887 =item Using a source-level debugger
4889 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4890 finish, 'enter', print
4892 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4896 =item Patching a core module
4898 =item Adding a new function to the core
4900 =item Writing a test
4902 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
4903 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
4907 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4911 =item Rational Software's Purify
4913 =item Purify on Unix
4915 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4919 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4921 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4923 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4927 =item Gprof Profiling
4929 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4931 =item GCC gcov Profiling
4933 =item Pixie Profiling
4935 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4940 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4948 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4956 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4968 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4970 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4974 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4978 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
4984 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
4986 =item Incompatible Changes
4990 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
4992 =item AIX Dynaloading
4994 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
4996 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
4998 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5000 =item Perl Parser Stress Tested
5002 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5008 =item Core Enhancements
5012 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5014 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5016 =item Unicode Overhaul
5018 =item Understanding of Numbers
5020 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5024 =item Modules and Pragmata
5028 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5030 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5034 =item Utility Changes
5036 =item New Documentation
5038 =item Performance Enhancements
5040 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5044 =item Generic Improvements
5046 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5050 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5054 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5058 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5060 =item Changed Internals
5062 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5066 =item Known Problems
5072 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5074 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5076 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5078 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5080 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5082 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5088 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5090 =item Failure of Thread tests
5098 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5100 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5102 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5104 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5106 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5108 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5110 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5112 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5116 =item Reporting Bugs
5124 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5130 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5132 =item Incompatible Changes
5136 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5138 =item AIX Dynaloading
5140 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5142 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5148 =item Core Enhancements
5150 =item Modules and Pragmata
5154 =item New Modules and Distributions
5156 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5160 =item Utility Changes
5162 =item New Documentation
5164 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5168 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5170 =item Generic Improvements
5174 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5178 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5182 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5184 =item Source Code Enhancements
5188 =item MAGIC constants
5190 =item Better commented code
5192 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5200 =item Known Problems
5206 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5208 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5210 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5212 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5214 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5216 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5220 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5222 =item Failure of Thread tests
5232 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5234 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5236 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5238 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5240 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5242 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5246 =item Reporting Bugs
5254 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5260 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5262 =item Incompatible Changes
5264 =item Core Enhancements
5268 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5270 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5272 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5276 =item Modules and Pragmata
5282 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5286 =item Performance Enhancements
5288 =item Utility Changes
5290 =item New Documentation
5306 =item README.solaris
5310 =item Porting/repository.pod
5314 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5318 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5320 =item Generic Improvements
5322 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5323 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5324 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5328 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5332 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5336 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5338 =item Changed Internals
5342 =item Known Problems
5346 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5348 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5350 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5352 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5356 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5358 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5360 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5362 =item Failure of Thread tests
5364 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5366 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5368 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5370 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5374 =item Reporting Bugs
5382 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5388 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5390 =item Incompatible Changes
5392 =item Core Enhancements
5394 =item Modules and Pragmata
5400 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5404 =item Utility Changes
5406 =item New Documentation
5408 =item Performance Enhancements
5410 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5414 =item Generic Improvements
5418 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5422 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5426 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5428 =item Changed Internals
5430 =item Known Problems
5434 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5436 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5438 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5440 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5442 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5444 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5446 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5448 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5450 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5452 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5456 =item Reporting Bugs
5464 =head2 perl561delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5470 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5474 =item Security Issues
5476 =item Core bug fixes
5478 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5479 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5480 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5481 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5482 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5483 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5488 =item Configuration issues
5492 =item Bundled modules
5494 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5495 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5496 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5497 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5499 =item Platform-specific improvements
5501 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5503 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5505 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5507 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5509 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5511 =item "our" declarations
5513 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5515 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5517 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5519 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5521 =item open() with more than two arguments
5523 =item 64-bit support
5525 =item Large file support
5531 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5533 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5535 =item File globbing implemented internally
5537 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5539 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5541 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5543 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5545 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5547 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5549 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5551 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5553 =item Comments in pack() templates
5555 =item Weak references
5557 =item Binary numbers supported
5559 =item Lvalue subroutines
5561 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5563 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5565 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5567 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5569 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5571 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5573 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5575 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5577 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5579 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5581 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5583 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5585 =item Improved diagnostics
5587 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5589 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5591 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5593 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5595 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5597 =item Improved security features
5599 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5601 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5603 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5605 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5607 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5609 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5611 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5615 =item Modules and Pragmata
5621 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5622 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5623 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5624 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5625 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5626 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5627 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5628 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5634 =item Utility Changes
5648 =item The Perl Debugger
5652 =item Improved Documentation
5654 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5655 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5656 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5657 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5659 =item Performance enhancements
5663 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5665 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5667 =item Faster subroutine calls
5669 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5673 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5677 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5679 =item New Configure flags
5681 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5687 =item -Duselargefiles
5689 =item installusrbinperl
5695 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5697 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
5701 =item Platform specific changes
5705 =item Supported platforms
5709 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5717 =item Significant bug fixes
5721 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5723 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5725 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5727 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5729 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5731 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5733 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5735 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5737 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5739 =item Locale bugs fixed
5743 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5745 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5747 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5749 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5753 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5755 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5756 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5757 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5758 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5759 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5760 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5761 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5762 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5763 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5764 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5765 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5766 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5767 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5768 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5769 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5770 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5771 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5772 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5773 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5774 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5775 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5776 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5777 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5778 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5779 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5780 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5781 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5782 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5783 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5784 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5785 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5786 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5787 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5788 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5789 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5790 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5791 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5792 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5793 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5794 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5795 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5796 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5797 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5798 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5799 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5800 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5801 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5802 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5803 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5804 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5808 =item Incompatible Changes
5812 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5814 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5815 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5816 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5817 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5818 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5819 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5820 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5821 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5822 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5823 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5824 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5826 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5828 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5830 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5832 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5834 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5838 =item Known Problems
5842 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
5844 =item Known test failures
5846 64-bit builds, Failure of Thread tests, NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure,
5847 Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc
5849 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
5851 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5853 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5855 =item Experimental features
5857 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5858 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5859 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5863 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5865 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5866 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5867 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5868 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5870 =item Reporting Bugs
5878 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
5884 =item Core Enhancements
5888 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5890 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5892 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5894 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5896 =item "our" declarations
5898 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5900 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5902 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5904 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5906 =item open() with more than two arguments
5908 =item 64-bit support
5910 =item Large file support
5916 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5918 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5920 =item File globbing implemented internally
5922 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5924 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5926 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5928 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5930 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5932 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5934 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5936 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5938 =item Comments in pack() templates
5940 =item Weak references
5942 =item Binary numbers supported
5944 =item Lvalue subroutines
5946 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5948 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5950 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5952 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5954 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5956 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5958 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5960 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5962 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5964 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5966 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5968 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5970 =item Improved diagnostics
5972 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5974 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5976 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5978 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5980 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5982 =item Improved security features
5984 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5986 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5988 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5990 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5992 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5994 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5996 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6000 =item Modules and Pragmata
6006 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6007 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6008 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6009 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6010 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6011 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6012 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6013 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6019 =item Utility Changes
6033 =item The Perl Debugger
6037 =item Improved Documentation
6039 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6040 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6041 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6042 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6044 =item Performance enhancements
6048 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6050 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6052 =item Faster subroutine calls
6054 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6058 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6062 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6064 =item New Configure flags
6066 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6072 =item -Duselargefiles
6074 =item installusrbinperl
6080 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6084 =item Platform specific changes
6088 =item Supported platforms
6092 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6100 =item Significant bug fixes
6104 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6106 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6108 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6110 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6112 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6114 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6116 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6118 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6120 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6122 =item Locale bugs fixed
6126 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6128 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6130 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6132 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6136 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6138 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6139 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6140 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6141 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6142 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6143 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6144 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6145 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6146 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6147 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6148 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6149 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6150 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6151 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6152 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6153 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6154 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6155 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6156 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6157 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6158 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6159 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6160 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6161 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6162 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6163 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6164 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6165 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6166 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6167 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6168 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6169 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6170 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6171 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6172 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6173 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6174 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6175 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6176 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6177 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6178 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6179 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6180 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6181 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6182 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6183 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6184 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6185 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6186 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6187 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6191 =item Incompatible Changes
6195 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6197 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6198 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6199 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6200 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6201 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6202 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6203 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6204 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6205 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6206 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6207 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6209 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6211 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6213 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6215 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6217 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6221 =item Known Problems
6225 =item Thread test failures
6227 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6229 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6231 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6233 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6236 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6238 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6240 =item Experimental features
6242 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6243 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6244 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6248 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6250 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6251 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6252 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6253 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6255 =item Reporting Bugs
6263 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
6269 =item About the new versioning system
6271 =item Incompatible Changes
6275 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6277 =item Default installation structure has changed
6279 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6281 =item C Source Compatibility
6283 =item Binary Compatibility
6285 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6287 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6301 =item Regular Expressions
6303 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6304 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6305 improvements, Incompatible changes
6307 =item Improved malloc()
6309 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6311 =item Reliable signals
6313 =item Reliable stack pointers
6315 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6319 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6321 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6323 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6325 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6327 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6329 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6331 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6333 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6335 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6337 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6339 =item Better locale support
6341 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6343 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6345 =item Extended support for exception handling
6347 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6349 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6351 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6353 =item New C<lock> keyword
6355 =item New C<qr//> operator
6357 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6359 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6361 =item Tied handles support is better
6363 =item 4th argument to substr
6365 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6367 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6369 =item <> now reads in records
6373 =item Supported Platforms
6379 =item Changes in existing support
6383 =item Modules and Pragmata
6389 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6390 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6391 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6393 =item Changes in existing modules
6395 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6396 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6400 =item Utility Changes
6402 =item Documentation Changes
6404 =item New Diagnostics
6406 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6407 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6408 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6409 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6410 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6411 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6412 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6413 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6414 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6415 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6416 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6417 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6418 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6419 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6420 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6421 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6422 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6424 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6426 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6427 temporary file, regexp too big
6429 =item Configuration Changes
6439 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
6445 =item Supported Environments
6451 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6453 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6455 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6457 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6459 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6461 =item More precise warnings
6463 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6465 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6467 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6469 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6471 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6473 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6475 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6477 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6479 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6481 =item Changes to tainting checks
6483 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6484 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6486 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6488 =item Embedding improvements
6490 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6492 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6494 =item New and changed syntax
6498 =item New and changed builtin constants
6502 =item New and changed builtin variables
6506 =item New and changed builtin functions
6508 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6509 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6510 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6511 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6512 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6514 =item New builtin methods
6516 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6518 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6520 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6521 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6523 =item Malloc enhancements
6525 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6527 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6531 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6547 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6548 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6554 =item Required Updates
6556 =item Installation directories
6558 =item Module information summary
6572 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6576 =item Utility Changes
6582 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6586 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6590 =item C Language API Changes
6592 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6595 =item Documentation Changes
6597 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6598 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6600 =item New Diagnostics
6602 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6603 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6604 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6605 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6606 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6607 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6608 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6609 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6610 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6611 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6612 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6613 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6614 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6615 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6616 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6617 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6618 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6619 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6620 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6621 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6622 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6623 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6624 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6625 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6626 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6636 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6644 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6648 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6650 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
6652 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
6654 =item Using Large Files with Perl
6660 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
6670 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
6680 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
6694 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
6696 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
6698 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
6700 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
6706 =item Accessing documentation
6710 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
6712 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
6714 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
6716 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
6720 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
6724 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
6726 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
6728 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
6730 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
6732 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
6742 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
6750 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
6752 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
6756 =item Contact Information
6762 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
6772 =item gzip on BS2000
6774 =item bison on BS2000
6776 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
6778 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
6780 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
6782 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
6784 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
6786 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
6788 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
6822 =item Acknowledgements
6828 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
6834 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
6838 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
6840 =item Cygwin Configuration
6842 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
6846 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
6850 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
6852 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
6854 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
6855 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
6857 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
6859 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
6860 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
6862 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
6864 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
6868 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
6872 =item Warnings on Cygwin
6878 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
6882 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
6884 =item Hard Links on Cygwin
6886 =item Filetime Granularity on Cygwin
6888 =item Tainting Checks on Cygwin
6890 =item /etc/group on Cygwin
6892 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
6894 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
6898 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
6900 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
6902 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
6903 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
6905 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
6913 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
6925 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
6929 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
6931 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
6933 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
6935 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
6945 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
6955 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
6959 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
6961 =item Building Perl on DOS
6963 =item Testing Perl on DOS
6965 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
6969 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
6973 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
6975 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
6977 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
6979 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
6989 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
6997 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
6999 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7001 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
7003 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
7007 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
7009 =item PATH Names on Epoc
7011 =item Editors on Epoc
7013 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7015 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7017 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7021 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7029 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7038 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7040 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7052 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7054 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7056 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7058 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7060 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7062 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7064 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7066 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7068 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7070 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7072 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7076 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7084 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7092 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7100 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7109 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7111 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7113 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7115 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7125 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7139 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7145 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7151 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7159 =item Binary distribution from HP
7161 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7163 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7165 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7167 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7169 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7171 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7172 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7174 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7178 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7180 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7182 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7184 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7186 =item Perl/iX Change History
7202 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
7214 =item Build new extensions
7218 =item Acknowledgements
7226 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7246 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7248 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7250 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7254 =item Frequently asked questions
7258 =item "It does not work"
7260 =item I cannot run external programs
7262 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7265 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7268 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7270 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7278 =item Automatic binary installation
7280 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7282 =item Manual binary installation
7284 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7285 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7286 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7287 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7288 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7294 =item Accessing documentation
7298 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7306 =item GNU C<info> files
7318 =item The short story
7322 =item Getting perl source
7324 =item Application of the patches
7332 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7335 =item Installing the built perl
7337 =item C<a.out>-style build
7345 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7347 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7349 =item Problems with tr or sed
7351 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7353 =item Library ... not found
7355 =item Segfault in make
7357 =item op/sprintf test failure
7361 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7365 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7369 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7371 =item Additional modules:
7373 =item Prebuilt methods:
7375 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7376 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7377 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7378 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7379 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7380 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7381 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7382 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7383 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7384 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7385 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
7387 =item Prebuilt variables:
7389 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
7395 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7398 =item Identifying DLLs
7400 =item Centralized management of resources
7416 =item F<perl___.exe>
7418 =item Why strange names?
7420 =item Why dynamic linking?
7422 =item Why chimera build?
7430 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7432 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7434 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7436 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7438 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7440 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7450 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7452 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7454 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7457 =item DLL forwarder generation
7461 =item Calls to external programs
7463 =item Memory allocation
7467 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7483 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7496 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7498 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7500 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7502 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7504 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7506 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7508 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7510 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7512 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7514 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7524 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7532 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7540 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7542 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7544 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7546 =item QNX auxiliary files
7550 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7558 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7568 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7570 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7572 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7574 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7578 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7582 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7594 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
7602 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
7608 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
7614 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
7616 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
7618 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
7622 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
7626 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7628 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
7630 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7634 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
7636 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
7637 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
7638 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
7644 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
7646 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7650 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
7652 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
7656 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
7660 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
7662 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
7666 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
7668 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
7670 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
7680 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
7681 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
7689 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
7691 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
7693 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
7695 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
7697 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
7699 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
7703 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
7709 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
7717 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
7719 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
7725 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
7735 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
7737 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
7739 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
7741 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
7743 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
7753 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
7759 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
7767 =item Organization of Perl Images
7773 =item Perl Extensions
7775 =item Installing static extensions
7777 =item Installing dynamic extensions
7781 =item File specifications
7787 =item Wildcard expansion
7793 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
7799 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
7801 =item Command line switches
7807 =item Perl functions
7809 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
7810 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
7811 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
7812 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
7814 =item Perl variables
7816 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
7818 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
7832 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
7840 =item Stratus POSIX Support
7844 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
7848 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
7850 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
7854 =item USING PERL IN VOS
7858 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
7860 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
7864 =item SUPPORT STATUS
7872 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
7882 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
7884 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC
7888 =item Testing Perl on Win32
7890 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
7892 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
7894 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
7895 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
7896 Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things
7900 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
7904 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
7905 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
7906 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
7914 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
7916 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7928 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7938 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
7939 data structures between threads
7951 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
7952 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
7962 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
7971 $thread = new(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
7972 threads->self, $thread->tid
7976 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
7979 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
7983 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
7984 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
7990 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8000 =item Built-in Attributes
8002 locked, method, lvalue
8004 =item Available Subroutines
8008 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8010 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8012 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8020 =item Default exports
8022 =item Available exports
8024 =item Export tags defined
8034 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8046 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8062 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8076 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8090 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8103 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8112 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8114 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8116 =item charnames::vianame(code)
8122 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8134 =item List constants
8136 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8138 =item Magic constants
8142 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8152 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8163 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8165 =item The I<splain> Program
8179 =head2 encoding - pragma to control the conversion of legacy data into
8188 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8194 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8208 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8218 =item subpragma access
8224 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8235 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8245 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8255 =item Adding directories to @INC
8257 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8259 =item Restoring original @INC
8269 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8280 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
8288 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8290 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8296 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8308 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8318 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8320 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8322 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8324 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8326 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8328 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8330 =item Overloadable Operations
8332 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8333 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8334 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8336 =item Inheritance and overloading
8338 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8339 is inherited by derived classes
8343 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8351 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8353 =item Copy Constructor
8359 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8361 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8362 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8363 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8366 =item Losing overloading
8368 =item Run-time Overloading
8370 =item Public functions
8372 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8374 =item Overloading constants
8376 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8378 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8380 =item Metaphor clash
8386 =item Two-face scalars
8388 =item Two-face references
8390 =item Symbolic calculator
8392 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8400 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8401 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8407 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8417 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8429 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8431 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8435 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8439 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
8447 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
8457 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
8465 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
8469 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
8479 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8488 $thread = new(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8489 threads->self, $thread->tid
8493 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
8496 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8500 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
8501 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
8507 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
8508 structures between threads
8520 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
8521 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8531 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
8542 =item Utility functions
8544 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
8545 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
8553 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
8563 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
8571 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
8575 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
8583 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
8584 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
8585 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
8586 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
8587 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
8591 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
8601 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
8603 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
8613 =item DBM Comparisons
8623 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
8633 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
8637 =item Typed lexicals
8639 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
8641 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
8643 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
8645 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
8653 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
8654 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
8655 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
8656 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>
8666 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
8676 =item Subroutine Stubs
8678 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
8680 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
8682 =item Package Lexicals
8684 =item Not Using AutoLoader
8686 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
8696 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
8704 $keep, $check, $modtime
8708 =item Multiple packages
8716 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
8724 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
8728 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
8736 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
8750 =item B::PVMG METHODS
8754 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
8756 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
8758 =item B::PVLV METHODS
8760 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
8764 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
8768 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
8769 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
8773 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
8774 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
8778 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
8782 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
8787 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
8789 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
8793 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
8795 =item B::UNOP METHOD
8799 =item B::BINOP METHOD
8803 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
8807 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
8811 =item B::PMOP METHODS
8813 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
8815 =item B::SVOP METHOD
8819 =item B::PADOP METHOD
8823 =item B::PVOP METHOD
8827 =item B::LOOP METHODS
8829 redoop, nextop, lastop
8831 =item B::COP METHODS
8833 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
8837 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
8839 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
8840 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
8841 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
8842 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
8849 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
8862 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
8874 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
8886 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
8896 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
8897 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
8898 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
8908 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
8918 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
8919 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
8929 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
8939 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
8940 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
8941 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
8953 =item Context of ".."
8957 =item Deprecated features
8965 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
8975 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
8976 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
8977 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
8979 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
8981 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
8982 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
8983 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
8984 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
8985 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
8986 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
8987 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
8988 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
8994 =item OP flags abbreviations
8996 =item OP class abbreviations
9000 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
9006 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
9018 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
9028 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
9029 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
9031 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
9041 =item ambient_pragmas
9043 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
9055 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
9067 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
9075 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
9077 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
9078 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
9080 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9090 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9100 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9106 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9118 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9130 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9132 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9144 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9154 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
9162 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9174 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9188 =item Standard Exports
9190 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9191 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9192 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9194 =item Optional Exports
9196 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9197 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9198 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9214 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9218 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9232 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9242 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9243 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9244 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9254 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9266 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9268 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9270 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9272 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9274 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9276 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9278 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9280 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9282 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9284 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9286 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9288 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9290 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9292 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9294 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9296 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9298 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9300 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9301 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9305 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9306 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9309 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9311 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9312 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9317 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9321 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9323 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9325 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9327 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9329 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9331 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9333 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9335 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9336 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9338 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9342 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9346 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9348 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9350 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9352 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9354 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9356 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9357 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9359 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9363 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9367 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9369 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9371 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9373 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9377 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9379 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9381 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9385 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9387 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
9391 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
9395 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
9399 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
9403 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
9407 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
9409 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
9411 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
9415 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
9417 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
9418 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
9420 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
9426 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
9427 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
9429 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
9431 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
9432 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
9435 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
9441 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
9445 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
9447 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
9448 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
9449 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
9450 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
9451 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
9452 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
9454 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
9456 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
9461 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
9463 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
9465 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
9466 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
9468 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
9470 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9474 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
9475 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
9476 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
9477 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
9478 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
9479 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
9480 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
9481 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
9482 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
9483 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
9484 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
9485 ...and many many more..
9487 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
9495 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
9505 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9513 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
9522 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
9524 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
9528 =item Changing the default message
9532 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
9542 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
9550 =item USING CGI::Cookie
9552 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
9556 =item Creating New Cookies
9558 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
9560 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
9562 =item Manipulating Cookies
9564 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
9568 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9576 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
9584 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
9586 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
9588 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
9590 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
9592 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
9594 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
9598 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9606 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
9616 =item Tags that won't be formatted
9618 =item Customizing the Indenting
9630 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
9638 =item USING CGI::Push
9640 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
9644 =item Heterogeneous Pages
9646 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
9650 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
9652 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9660 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
9670 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9678 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
9686 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9692 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
9702 =item Interactive Mode
9704 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
9705 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
9706 distribution, ls author, Signals
9714 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
9716 =item Programmer's interface
9718 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
9720 =item Methods in the other Classes
9722 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
9723 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
9724 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
9725 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
9726 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
9727 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
9728 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
9729 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
9730 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
9731 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
9732 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
9733 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
9734 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
9735 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
9736 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
9737 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
9738 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
9739 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
9740 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
9741 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
9742 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
9743 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
9744 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
9745 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
9746 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
9747 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
9755 =item Finding packages and VERSION
9759 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
9765 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
9766 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
9767 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
9768 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
9772 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
9774 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
9782 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
9784 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
9788 =item Three basic types of firewalls
9790 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
9792 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
9798 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
9810 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
9820 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
9833 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
9843 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
9851 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
9853 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
9863 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
9864 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
9865 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
9867 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
9875 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
9885 =item The C<struct()> function
9887 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
9889 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
9891 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
9892 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
9894 =item Initializing with C<new>
9900 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
9902 =item Author and Modification History
9906 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
9914 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
9926 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
9930 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
9931 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
9932 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
9937 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
9938 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
9942 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
9943 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
9944 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
9945 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
9946 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
9947 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
9951 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
9952 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
9953 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
9954 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
9955 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
9956 C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>,
9957 C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>,
9958 C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>,
9959 C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>,
9960 C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>,
9961 C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
9962 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
9963 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
9964 C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
9965 C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
9966 C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>,
9967 C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>,
9968 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
9969 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>,
9970 C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
9971 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
9972 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
9973 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
9974 C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>,
9975 C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
9976 C<d_htonl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
9977 C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>,
9978 C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
9979 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
9980 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
9981 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
9982 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
9983 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
9984 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
9985 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
9986 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
9987 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
9988 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
9989 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
9990 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
9991 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
9992 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
9993 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
9994 C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>,
9995 C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>,
9996 C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>,
9997 C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
9998 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>,
9999 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
10000 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
10001 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
10002 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>,
10003 C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
10004 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setpwent>,
10005 C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>,
10006 C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
10007 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
10008 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
10009 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
10010 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
10011 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
10012 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
10013 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
10014 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
10015 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>,
10016 C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>,
10017 C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>,
10018 C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
10019 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
10020 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
10021 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
10022 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
10023 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>,
10024 C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
10025 C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>,
10026 C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
10027 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
10028 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
10032 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
10033 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
10037 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
10038 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
10043 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
10044 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
10048 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
10052 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
10053 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
10054 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_fp>,
10055 C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
10056 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
10057 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
10058 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
10059 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
10060 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
10061 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
10062 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
10063 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
10064 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
10065 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
10066 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
10067 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
10068 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
10069 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
10070 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
10071 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
10072 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
10073 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
10074 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
10075 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
10079 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
10083 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
10084 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
10085 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
10086 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
10087 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
10088 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
10092 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10093 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10094 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10098 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10099 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10103 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10104 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10105 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
10106 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10110 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10111 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10115 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10116 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10120 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10121 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10122 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10123 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10127 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10131 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
10132 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10136 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10137 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
10138 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
10139 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
10140 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
10141 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10142 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10143 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10144 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10145 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10146 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
10147 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
10148 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
10149 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10153 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10154 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
10158 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10159 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10160 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10161 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10162 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10163 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10164 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10165 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10166 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10170 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10171 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10172 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10173 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10177 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10181 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10193 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10203 =item getcwd and friends
10205 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10207 =item abs_path and friends
10209 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10221 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10233 =item Global Variables
10235 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10236 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10241 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10242 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10244 =item Client Callback Methods
10246 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10247 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10248 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10258 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10266 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10270 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10272 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10274 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10276 =item Default Parameters
10278 =item In Memory Databases
10286 =item A Simple Example
10294 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10296 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10298 =item The get_dup() Method
10300 =item The find_dup() Method
10302 =item The del_dup() Method
10304 =item Matching Partial Keys
10312 =item The 'bval' Option
10314 =item A Simple Example
10316 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10318 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10319 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10320 length, elements);>
10322 =item Another Example
10326 =item THE API INTERFACE
10328 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10329 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10330 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10331 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10335 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10336 B<filter_fetch_value>
10342 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10344 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10348 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10352 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10354 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10356 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
10358 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
10360 =item The untie() Gotcha
10364 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
10368 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
10370 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
10372 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
10374 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
10394 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
10395 printing and C<eval>
10407 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
10408 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
10409 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
10416 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
10418 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10419 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10420 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10421 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10422 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10423 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10424 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10425 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10426 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10427 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10428 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10429 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10430 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10431 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10432 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
10452 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
10460 =item PROFILE FORMAT
10472 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
10494 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
10504 =item Runtime debugging
10506 =item Memory footprint debugging
10514 =item A simple scalar string
10516 =item A simple scalar number
10518 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
10520 =item A reference to a simple scalar
10522 =item A reference to an array
10524 =item A reference to a hash
10526 =item Dumping a large array or hash
10528 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
10530 =item A reference to a subroutine
10544 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
10554 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
10562 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
10566 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
10567 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
10568 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
10576 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
10586 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
10590 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
10591 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
10603 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
10615 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
10627 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
10628 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
10629 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
10634 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
10635 veryCompact, set, get
10641 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
10649 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
10650 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
10651 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
10652 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
10659 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
10672 =head2 Encode - character encodings
10690 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
10692 =item Types of Encodings
10694 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
10695 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
10697 =item Specifying Encodings
10699 1. By name, 2. As an object
10701 =item Encoding Names
10703 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFCs, The name in the IANA registry, The
10704 name used by the organization that defined it
10708 =item PERL ENCODING API
10712 =item Generic Encoding Interface
10714 =item Handling Malformed Data
10716 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
10720 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
10722 =item Listing available encodings
10724 =item Defining Aliases
10726 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
10729 =item Defining Encodings
10733 =item Encoding and IO
10735 =item Encoding How to ...
10737 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
10738 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
10740 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
10742 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
10744 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
10746 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
10747 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
10751 =item Compiled Encodings
10753 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
10754 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
10762 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
10763 of the Encode extension
10769 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
10777 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
10779 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
10785 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
10793 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
10806 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
10821 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
10837 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
10847 =item How to Export
10849 =item Selecting What To Export
10851 =item Specialised Import Lists
10853 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
10855 =item Module Version Checking
10857 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
10859 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
10861 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
10867 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
10877 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
10898 mv source... destination
10900 cp source... destination
10918 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
10928 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
10938 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
10940 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
10944 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
10952 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
10955 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
10957 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
10959 WriteMakefileSnippet
10961 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
10962 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
10970 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
10982 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
10983 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
10993 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
11003 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
11015 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
11016 packlist(), version()
11024 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
11032 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
11038 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
11048 =item VMS implementation
11050 =item Win32 implementation
11058 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11059 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11067 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
11071 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11072 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11098 test_via_harness (o)
11100 tool_autosplit (override)
11118 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11119 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11133 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11145 =item Preloaded methods
11165 =item SelfLoaded methods
11211 file_name_is_absolute
11217 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
11257 maybe_command_in_dirs
11285 post_initialize (o)
11297 replace_manpage_separator
11311 test_via_harness (o)
11313 test_via_script (o)
11343 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11344 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11354 =item Methods always loaded
11366 =item SelfLoaded methods
11368 guess_name (override)
11372 find_perl (override)
11376 maybe_command (override)
11378 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
11380 perl_script (override)
11382 file_name_is_absolute (override)
11384 replace_manpage_separator
11386 init_others (override)
11388 constants (override)
11392 const_cccmd (override)
11394 pm_to_blib (override)
11396 tool_autosplit (override)
11398 tool_sxubpp (override)
11400 xsubpp_version (override)
11402 tools_other (override)
11412 top_targets (override)
11416 dynamic_lib (override)
11418 dynamic_bs (override)
11420 static_lib (override)
11422 manifypods (override)
11424 processPL (override)
11426 installbin (override)
11428 subdir_x (override)
11432 realclean (override)
11434 dist_basics (override)
11436 dist_core (override)
11438 dist_dir (override)
11440 dist_test (override)
11444 perldepend (override)
11446 makefile (override)
11450 test_via_harness (override)
11452 test_via_script (override)
11454 makeaperl (override)
11456 nicetext (override)
11458 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11459 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11485 test_via_harness (o)
11487 tool_autosplit (override)
11505 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
11515 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
11517 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
11525 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
11529 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
11531 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
11533 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
11535 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
11537 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
11538 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
11539 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
11540 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
11541 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
11542 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
11543 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
11544 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
11545 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
11546 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
11547 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE,
11548 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERM_RW,
11549 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
11550 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PRINT,
11551 PRINT_PREREQ, SKIP, TEST_LIBS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
11552 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
11554 =item Additional lowercase attributes
11556 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
11559 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
11561 =item Hintsfile support
11563 =item Distribution Support
11565 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
11566 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
11567 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
11569 =item Disabling an extension
11575 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
11583 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
11591 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
11595 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
11599 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
11600 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
11604 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
11612 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
11624 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
11634 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
11643 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
11651 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
11663 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
11671 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
11681 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
11693 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
11703 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
11707 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
11715 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
11719 C<basename>, C<dirname>
11723 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
11733 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
11747 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
11757 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
11759 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
11771 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
11781 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
11793 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
11801 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
11802 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
11803 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
11809 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
11817 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
11825 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
11826 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
11827 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
11831 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
11839 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
11851 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
11861 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
11862 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
11863 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
11871 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
11905 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
11923 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
11951 file_name_is_absolute
11973 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
11983 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
12016 file_name_is_absolute
12038 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
12054 =item Methods always loaded
12056 canonpath (override)
12074 case_tolerant (override)
12078 file_name_is_absolute (override)
12080 splitpath (override)
12082 splitdir (override)
12096 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
12126 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
12150 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
12164 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
12174 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
12182 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
12190 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
12192 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
12204 =item Temporary files and NFS
12216 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
12230 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
12242 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
12250 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
12256 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
12270 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
12272 =item All-in-one interface
12274 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
12276 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
12279 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
12281 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
12282 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
12283 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
12285 described in the previous section.
12287 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
12289 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
12301 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
12311 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
12315 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
12317 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
12325 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
12327 =item Example 2: Using the context
12329 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
12331 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
12335 =item Filter::Simple
12343 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
12351 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
12363 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
12379 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
12387 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
12389 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
12393 =item Simple options
12395 =item A little bit less simple options
12397 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
12399 =item Options with values
12401 =item Options with multiple values
12403 =item Options with hash values
12405 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
12407 =item Options with multiple names
12409 =item Case and abbreviations
12411 =item Summary of Option Specifications
12413 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
12417 =item Advanced Possibilities
12421 =item Object oriented interface
12423 =item Documentation and help texts
12425 =item Storing options in a hash
12429 =item The lonesome dash
12431 =item Argument callback
12435 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
12437 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
12438 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
12439 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
12440 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
12441 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
12443 =item Return values and Errors
12449 =item Default destinations
12451 =item Alternative option starters
12453 =item Configuration variables
12457 =item Trouble Shooting
12461 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
12463 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
12466 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
12468 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
12474 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12478 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
12489 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
12500 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
12511 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
12513 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
12515 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
12517 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
12519 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
12521 the function super_languages($lang1)
12523 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
12525 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
12527 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
12529 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
12533 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
12535 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
12545 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
12553 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
12555 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
12557 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
12558 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
12559 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
12560 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
12561 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
12562 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
12563 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
12564 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
12565 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
12566 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
12567 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
12568 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
12569 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
12570 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
12571 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
12572 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
12573 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
12574 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
12575 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
12576 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
12577 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
12578 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
12579 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
12580 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
12581 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
12582 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
12583 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
12584 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
12585 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
12586 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
12587 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
12588 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
12589 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
12590 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
12591 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
12592 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
12593 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
12594 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
12595 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
12596 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
12597 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
12598 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
12599 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
12600 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
12601 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
12602 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
12603 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
12604 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
12605 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
12606 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
12607 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
12608 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
12609 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
12610 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
12611 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
12612 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
12613 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
12614 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
12615 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
12616 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
12617 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
12618 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
12619 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
12620 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
12621 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
12622 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
12623 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
12624 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
12625 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
12626 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
12627 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
12628 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
12629 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
12630 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
12631 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
12632 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
12633 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
12634 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
12635 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
12636 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
12637 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
12638 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
12639 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
12640 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
12641 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
12642 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
12643 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
12644 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
12645 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
12646 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
12647 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
12648 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
12649 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
12650 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
12651 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
12652 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
12653 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
12654 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
12655 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
12656 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
12657 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
12658 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
12659 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
12660 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
12661 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
12662 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
12663 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
12664 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
12665 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
12666 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
12667 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
12668 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
12669 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
12670 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
12671 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
12672 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
12673 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
12674 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
12675 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
12679 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12685 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
12703 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
12707 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
12717 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
12725 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
12726 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
12736 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
12746 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
12750 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
12758 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
12768 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
12772 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
12773 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
12774 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
12775 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
12787 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
12797 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
12801 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
12811 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
12821 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
12822 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
12832 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
12840 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
12841 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
12850 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
12860 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
12864 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
12865 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
12866 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
12876 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
12890 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
12891 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
12901 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
12917 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
12930 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
12944 hostpath(), peerpath()
12954 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
12963 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
12964 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
12974 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
12984 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
12988 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
12996 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
13007 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
13011 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
13012 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
13013 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
13014 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
13026 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
13036 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
13040 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
13050 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
13060 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
13061 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
13071 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
13080 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
13081 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
13090 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
13101 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
13105 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
13106 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
13107 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
13117 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
13132 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
13133 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
13143 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
13144 AF_INET domain sockets
13160 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
13173 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
13174 AF_UNIX domain sockets
13188 hostpath(), peerpath()
13198 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
13208 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
13209 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
13220 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
13234 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
13247 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
13257 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
13258 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
13259 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
13270 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
13288 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
13298 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
13299 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
13310 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
13321 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
13322 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
13323 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
13334 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
13342 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
13343 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
13345 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
13351 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
13352 general-utility list subroutines
13360 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
13361 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
13363 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
13369 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
13370 general-utility scalar subroutines
13378 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
13379 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
13387 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
13395 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13399 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
13407 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
13419 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
13425 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13427 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
13428 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
13434 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13436 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
13442 =item CODE ALIASING
13452 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13456 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
13457 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
13458 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
13459 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
13467 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
13468 identification (ISO 4217)
13486 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13488 code2currency(), currency2code()
13494 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13496 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
13504 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13508 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
13516 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
13533 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13535 code2language(), language2code()
13541 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13543 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
13551 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13555 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
13556 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
13564 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
13572 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
13578 =item Construction Methods
13580 =item The "maketext" Method
13582 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
13584 =item Utility Methods
13586 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
13587 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
13588 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
13589 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
13591 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
13595 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
13597 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
13599 =item BRACKET NOTATION
13601 =item AUTO LEXICONS
13603 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
13605 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
13609 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13615 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
13623 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
13627 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
13629 =item The Linguistic View
13631 =item Breaking gettext
13633 =item Replacing gettext
13635 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
13637 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
13639 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
13641 =item Buzzword: Concision
13643 =item The Devil in the Details
13645 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
13653 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
13661 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
13665 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
13673 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
13674 of quoted-printable strings
13682 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
13688 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
13697 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
13703 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
13713 =item Canonical notation
13717 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
13719 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
13723 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
13724 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
13732 =item Autocreating constants
13738 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
13746 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
13754 Canonical notation, Input, Output
13756 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
13766 =item Rounding mode R
13768 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
13769 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
13770 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
13783 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
13791 =item Autocreating constants
13797 =item Alternative math libraries
13803 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
13807 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
13808 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
13819 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
13829 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
13833 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
13835 the same terms as Perl itself.
13843 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
13856 =item STRINGIFICATION
13860 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
13866 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
13868 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
13876 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
13884 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
13890 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
13892 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
13896 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
13898 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
13902 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
13904 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
13906 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
13907 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
13911 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
13917 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
13927 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
13945 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
13947 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
13951 =item OTHER FACILITIES
13957 =item C<flush_cache>
13963 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
13965 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
13973 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
13979 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
13988 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
13999 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
14011 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
14019 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
14027 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
14036 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
14045 =head2 Memoize::Saves - Plug-in module to specify which return values
14062 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
14070 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
14078 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14084 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14088 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14092 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
14102 =item Enforcing redispatch
14104 =item Avoiding repetitions
14110 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
14116 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
14126 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
14129 =item CLASS METHODS
14131 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
14132 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
14133 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
14143 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
14153 requires_firewall HOST
14155 =item NetConfig VALUES
14157 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
14158 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
14159 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
14163 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
14172 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
14180 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
14192 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
14196 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
14197 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
14198 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
14199 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
14200 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
14201 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
14202 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
14203 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
14204 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
14205 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
14206 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
14207 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
14208 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
14212 =item Methods for the adventurous
14218 =item THE dataconn CLASS
14220 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
14221 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
14223 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
14225 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
14227 =item REPORTING BUGS
14235 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
14243 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
14253 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
14257 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
14258 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
14259 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
14260 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
14261 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
14266 =item Extension methods
14268 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
14269 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
14270 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
14271 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
14280 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
14290 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
14302 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
14306 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
14307 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
14308 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
14309 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
14321 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
14333 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
14334 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();,
14335 pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
14349 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
14361 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
14365 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
14366 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
14367 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
14368 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
14369 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
14370 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
14381 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
14389 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
14390 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
14398 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
14415 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
14423 =item Where to get this document
14425 =item How to contribute to this document
14429 =item Author and Copyright Information
14437 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
14441 =item What is libnet ?
14443 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
14445 =item What other modules do I need ?
14447 =item What machines support libnet ?
14449 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
14453 =item Using Net::FTP
14457 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
14459 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
14461 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
14463 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
14466 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
14468 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
14470 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
14472 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
14474 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
14476 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
14479 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
14481 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
14484 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
14487 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
14491 =item Using Net::SMTP
14495 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
14498 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
14500 =item The verify method always returns true ?
14504 =item Debugging scripts
14508 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
14512 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
14516 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
14533 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
14548 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
14565 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
14573 =item THE .netrc FILE
14575 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
14580 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
14584 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
14594 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
14604 =item IMPLEMENTATION
14610 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
14618 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14624 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14628 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14632 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
14644 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
14646 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
14647 or optag, an operator set (opset)
14649 =item Opcode Functions
14651 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
14652 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
14653 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
14656 =item Manipulating Opsets
14658 =item TO DO (maybe)
14664 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
14666 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
14667 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
14668 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
14677 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
14686 a new namespace, an operator mask
14692 =item RECENT CHANGES
14694 =item Methods in class Safe
14696 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
14697 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
14698 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
14699 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
14701 =item Some Safety Issues
14703 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
14711 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
14724 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
14738 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
14739 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
14740 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
14741 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
14742 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
14743 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
14744 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
14745 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
14746 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
14747 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
14748 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
14749 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
14750 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
14751 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
14752 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
14753 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
14754 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
14755 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
14756 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
14757 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
14758 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
14759 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
14760 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
14761 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
14762 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
14769 =item POSIX::SigAction
14773 =item POSIX::SigSet
14775 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
14777 =item POSIX::Termios
14779 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
14780 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
14781 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
14782 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
14783 values, c_oflag field values
14787 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
14791 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
14795 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
14853 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
14862 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
14866 =item Defaults and how to override them
14876 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
14886 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
14894 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
14895 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
14896 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
14897 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
14898 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
14899 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
14900 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
14904 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
14910 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
14916 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
14922 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
14934 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
14935 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
14936 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
14937 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
14938 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
14939 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
14940 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
14941 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
14946 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
14947 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
14948 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
14949 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
14950 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
14951 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
14955 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
14956 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
14968 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
14970 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
14973 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
14975 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
14977 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
14979 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
14981 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
14989 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
15001 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
15003 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
15010 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
15016 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
15018 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
15025 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
15037 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
15047 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
15048 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
15063 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
15076 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
15077 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
15083 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
15107 =item B<was_cutting()>
15113 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
15119 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
15125 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
15131 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
15137 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15143 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
15149 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
15155 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
15161 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
15167 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
15173 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
15179 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
15185 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
15191 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
15197 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
15203 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15209 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
15215 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
15221 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
15227 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
15233 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
15239 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
15245 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
15251 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
15257 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
15263 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
15269 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
15275 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15281 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
15293 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
15305 =item OBJECT METHODS
15313 =item Data Accessors
15329 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
15331 B<StartWithNewPage>
15345 =item Subclassed methods
15359 B<interior_sequence>
15375 =item Methods for headings
15383 =item Internal methods
15389 B<_replace_special_chars>
15391 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
15397 B<_clean_latex_commands>
15399 B<_split_delimited>
15415 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
15423 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
15428 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
15429 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
15430 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
15441 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15445 =head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
15455 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15459 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
15473 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
15481 $list-E<gt>indent()
15489 $list-E<gt>parent()
15495 =item Pod::Hyperlink
15497 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
15501 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
15503 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
15507 $link-E<gt>warning()
15509 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
15515 $link-E<gt>alttext()
15525 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
15531 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
15535 =item Pod::Cache::Item
15537 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
15541 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
15543 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
15545 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
15547 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
15549 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
15551 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
15553 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
15563 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
15575 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15577 =item PARSING OPTIONS
15579 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
15580 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
15586 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
15594 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15600 =item B<verbatim()>
15602 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15608 =item B<textblock()>
15610 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15616 =item B<interior_sequence()>
15622 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
15634 =item B<initialize()>
15640 =item B<begin_pod()>
15646 =item B<begin_input()>
15652 =item B<end_input()>
15664 =item B<preprocess_line()>
15670 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
15676 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
15682 =item B<parse_text()>
15684 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
15685 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
15686 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
15692 =item B<interpolate()>
15698 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
15704 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
15710 =item B<parse_from_file()>
15716 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
15722 =item B<errorsub()>
15734 =item B<parseopts()>
15740 =item B<output_file()>
15746 =item B<output_handle()>
15752 =item B<input_file()>
15758 =item B<input_handle()>
15764 =item B<input_streams()>
15770 =item B<top_stream()>
15776 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
15782 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
15788 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
15794 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
15802 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
15822 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
15835 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
15837 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
15843 =item OBJECT METHODS
15849 =item B<curr_headings()>
15861 =item B<add_selection()>
15867 =item B<clear_selections()>
15873 =item B<match_section()>
15879 =item B<is_selected()>
15885 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
15891 =item B<podselect()>
15893 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
15899 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
15905 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
15911 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
15917 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
15929 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
15937 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
15941 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
15942 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph
15943 "%s", %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
15954 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15958 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
15972 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15976 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
15991 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15995 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
15996 text with format escapes
16010 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16014 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
16023 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
16032 =item Recommended Use
16040 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
16044 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
16051 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
16055 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
16059 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
16063 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
16069 =item OVER AND ITEMS
16071 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
16074 =item FORMATTING CODES
16076 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
16082 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
16090 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16096 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16100 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16104 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
16112 a new namespace, an operator mask
16118 =item RECENT CHANGES
16120 =item Methods in class Safe
16122 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16123 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16124 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16125 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16127 =item Some Safety Issues
16129 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16137 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
16145 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
16146 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
16154 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
16164 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
16174 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
16184 =item The __DATA__ token
16186 =item SelfLoader autoloading
16188 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
16190 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
16192 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
16194 =item Classes and inherited methods.
16198 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
16202 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
16212 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
16220 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
16221 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
16229 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
16230 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
16231 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
16232 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
16233 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
16237 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
16247 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
16251 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
16253 =item ERROR REPORTING
16261 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
16266 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
16267 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
16291 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
16305 =item Allowing fall-through
16307 =item Automating fall-through
16309 =item Alternative syntax
16311 =item Higher-order Operations
16327 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
16337 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
16349 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
16350 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
16358 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
16359 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
16370 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
16371 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
16379 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
16380 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
16391 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
16401 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
16402 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
16403 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
16407 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
16421 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
16437 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
16439 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
16441 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
16443 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
16451 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16459 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
16467 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
16477 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
16478 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
16486 =item Minimal set of supported functions
16488 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
16489 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
16491 =item Additional supported functions
16493 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
16503 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
16529 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
16533 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
16543 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
16563 =item Setting up tests
16579 =item Running tests
16585 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
16603 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
16615 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
16619 =item Test Status and Info
16627 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
16649 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
16659 =item The test script output
16661 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
16662 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
16663 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
16667 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
16692 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
16693 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
16694 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
16695 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
16699 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
16700 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
16715 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
16725 =item I love it when a plan comes together
16735 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
16763 =item Conditional tests
16773 =item Comparison functions
16789 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
16791 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family have some caveats, Test::Harness
16804 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
16828 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
16837 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
16845 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
16847 =item Where to start?
16851 =item Test the manual
16853 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
16855 =item Testing lots of values
16857 =item Informative names
16859 =item Skipping tests
16863 =item Testing with taint mode.
16875 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
16887 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
16897 =item General behaviour in list contexts
16901 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
16903 =item A note about prefixes
16905 =item C<extract_delimited>
16907 =item C<extract_bracketed>
16909 =item C<extract_tagged>
16911 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
16912 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
16914 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
16916 =item C<extract_quotelike>
16918 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
16920 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
16922 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
16924 =item C<extract_codeblock>
16926 =item C<extract_multiple>
16928 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
16934 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
16935 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
16936 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
16937 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
16938 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
16939 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
16940 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
16941 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
16942 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
16943 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
16944 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
16945 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
16950 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
16956 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
16971 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
16988 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
17003 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
17019 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl
17031 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
17032 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
17033 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
17037 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
17045 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
17053 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
17055 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
17061 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
17069 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
17071 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
17075 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
17087 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
17097 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
17105 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
17106 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
17107 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
17108 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
17116 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
17125 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
17126 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
17127 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
17128 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
17130 =item MORE INFORMATION
17132 =item COMPATIBILITY
17136 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
17144 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
17145 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
17149 =item MORE INFORMATION
17153 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
17171 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
17180 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
17182 =item MORE INFORMATION
17186 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
17198 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
17207 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
17208 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
17209 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
17210 getitimer ( $which )
17226 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
17234 =item IMPLEMENTATION
17240 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
17255 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
17270 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
17282 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
17290 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
17291 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
17295 =head2 Unicode::Collate - use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
17305 =item Constructor and Tailoring
17307 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
17308 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
17309 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
17311 =item Other methods
17313 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
17314 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
17315 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
17316 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
17317 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
17318 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
17319 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
17320 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
17332 Unicode Collation Algorithm - Unicode TR #10, L<Unicode::Normalize>
17336 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - normalized forms of Unicode text
17344 C<$string_NFD = NFD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFC = NFC($raw_string)>,
17345 C<$string_NFKD = NFKD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFKC = NFKC($raw_string)>,
17346 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $raw_string)>
17358 L<Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util>, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/
17362 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
17404 =item Blocks versus Scripts
17406 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
17408 =item Code Point Arguments
17434 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
17440 =item Implementation Note
17452 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
17467 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
17478 =item System Specifics
17492 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
17500 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
17502 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
17503 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
17504 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
17505 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
17506 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
17507 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
17508 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
17509 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
17510 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
17511 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
17512 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
17513 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
17514 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
17515 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
17516 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
17517 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
17523 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
17541 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
17553 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
17555 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
17556 don't all have manual pages yet:
17582 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles