4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Language-Specific
34 =item Platform-Specific
58 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
68 =item Running Perl programs
70 =item Basic syntax overview
72 =item Perl variable types
74 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
76 =item Variable scoping
78 =item Conditional and looping constructs
80 if, while, for, foreach
82 =item Builtin operators and functions
84 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
89 =item Regular expressions
91 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
92 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
94 =item Writing subroutines
98 =item Using Perl modules
106 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11
115 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
117 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
121 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
123 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
125 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
127 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
129 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
131 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
133 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
137 =item About the perlfaq documents
141 =item Where to get the perlfaq
143 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
145 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
152 =item Author and Copyright Information
156 =item Bundled Distributions
164 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
165 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
166 Initial Release: 11/March/97
170 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
178 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
188 =item Simple statements
190 =item Compound statements
198 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
202 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
204 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
210 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
224 =item Scalar value constructors
226 =item List value constructors
230 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
238 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
248 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
250 =item The Arrow Operator
252 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
256 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
258 =item Binding Operators
260 =item Multiplicative Operators
262 =item Additive Operators
264 =item Shift Operators
266 =item Named Unary Operators
268 =item Relational Operators
270 =item Equality Operators
274 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
276 =item C-style Logical And
278 =item C-style Logical Or
280 =item Range Operators
282 =item Conditional Operator
284 =item Assignment Operators
288 =item List Operators (Rightward)
294 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
296 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
298 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
300 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
302 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
304 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
305 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
306 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
307 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
309 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
311 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
312 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
313 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
314 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
319 =item Constant Folding
321 =item Bitwise String Operators
323 =item Integer Arithmetic
325 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
333 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
343 =item Private Variables via my()
345 =item Persistent Private Variables
347 =item Temporary Values via local()
349 =item Lvalue subroutines
351 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
353 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
355 =item When to Still Use local()
357 =item Pass by Reference
361 =item Constant Functions
363 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
367 =item Subroutine Attributes
375 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
383 =item Perl Functions by Category
385 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
386 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
387 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
388 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
389 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
390 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
391 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
392 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
393 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
394 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
399 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
401 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
402 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
403 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
404 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
405 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
406 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
407 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
408 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
409 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
410 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
411 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
412 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
413 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
414 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
415 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
416 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
417 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
418 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
419 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
420 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
421 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
422 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
423 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
424 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
425 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
426 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
427 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
428 lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
429 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
430 KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
431 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
432 Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
433 EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
434 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
435 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
436 ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
437 package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
438 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
439 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
440 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
441 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
442 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
443 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
444 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
445 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
446 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
447 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
448 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
449 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
450 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
451 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
452 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
453 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
454 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
455 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
456 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
457 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
458 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format
459 parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum
460 width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat
461 FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME
462 (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK,
463 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
464 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
465 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
466 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
467 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
468 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
469 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
470 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
471 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
472 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
473 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
474 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
475 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
476 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
482 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
488 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
496 =item Making References
498 =item Using References
516 =item Distribution Conditions
522 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
528 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
529 more elaborate constructs
533 =item COMMON MISTAKES
535 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
537 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
543 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
547 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
549 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
551 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
555 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
559 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
561 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
563 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
567 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
571 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
573 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
575 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
579 =item HASHES OF HASHES
583 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
585 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
587 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
591 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
595 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
597 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
599 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
611 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
621 =item Simple word matching
623 =item Using character classes
625 =item Matching this or that
627 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
629 =item Extracting matches
631 =item Matching repetitions
635 =item Search and replace
637 =item The split operator
645 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
649 =item Acknowledgments
655 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
663 =item Ordinary Paragraph
665 =item Verbatim Paragraph
667 =item Command Paragraph
669 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
670 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
671 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
672 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
674 =item Formatting Codes
676 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
677 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
678 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
679 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
680 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
681 (zero-effect) formatting code
685 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
687 =item Hints for Writing Pod
697 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
704 =item Pod Definitions
708 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
709 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
711 =item Pod Formatting Codes
713 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
714 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
715 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
716 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
717 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
718 contains non-breaking spaces
720 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
722 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
724 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
726 =item About =over...=back Regions
728 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
736 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
744 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
762 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
764 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
765 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
766 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
767 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
769 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
771 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
772 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
773 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
777 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
779 =item Numerical Traps
781 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
783 =item General data type traps
785 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
786 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
788 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
790 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
792 =item Precedence Traps
794 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
797 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
799 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
800 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
803 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
805 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
811 =item Interpolation Traps
813 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
814 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
820 =item Unclassified Traps
822 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
829 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
839 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
841 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
843 =item Location of Perl
845 =item Command Switches
847 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
848 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
849 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
850 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
851 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
852 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
853 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
859 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
860 :perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
861 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
862 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port),
863 SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
867 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
875 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
883 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
885 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
887 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
891 =item Backward Compatibility
893 =item Category Hierarchy
897 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
909 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
917 =item Looking at data and -w and v
921 =item Stepping through code
923 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
925 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
943 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
949 =item The Perl Debugger
953 =item Debugger Commands
955 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
956 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
957 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
958 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
959 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
960 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
961 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
962 command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
963 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source file, H -number, q
964 or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage]
966 =item Configurable Options
968 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
969 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
970 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
971 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
972 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
973 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
976 =item Debugger input/output
978 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
981 =item Debugging compile-time statements
983 =item Debugger Customization
985 =item Readline Support
987 =item Editor Support for Debugging
989 =item The Perl Profiler
993 =item Debugging regular expressions
995 =item Debugging memory usage
1003 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1011 =item Predefined Names
1013 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1014 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1015 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1016 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1017 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1018 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1019 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1020 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1021 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1022 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1023 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1024 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1025 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1026 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1027 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1028 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1029 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1030 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1031 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1032 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1033 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1034 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1035 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1036 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1037 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1038 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1039 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1040 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1041 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1042 $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
1045 =item Error Indicators
1047 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1055 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1063 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1065 =item Growing Your Own
1067 =item Access and Printing
1079 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1085 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1093 =item The Minus File
1095 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1101 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1105 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1109 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1113 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1115 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1117 =item Paths as Opens
1119 =item Single Argument Open
1121 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1125 =item Other I/O Issues
1129 =item Opening Non-File Files
1141 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1147 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1153 =item The Basic Principle
1157 =item Packing Numbers
1163 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1165 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1167 =item Floating point Numbers
1171 =item Exotic Templates
1183 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1187 =item Lengths and Widths
1191 =item String Lengths
1193 =item Dynamic Templates
1197 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1201 =item The Alignment Pit
1203 =item Alignment, Take 2
1205 =item Alignment, Take 3
1207 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1213 =item Funnies Section
1219 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1225 =item Part 1: The basics
1229 =item Simple word matching
1231 =item Using character classes
1233 =item Matching this or that
1235 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1237 =item Extracting matches
1239 =item Matching repetitions
1241 =item Building a regexp
1243 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1247 =item Part 2: Power tools
1251 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1253 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1255 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1257 =item Non-capturing groupings
1259 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1261 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1263 =item Conditional expressions
1265 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1267 =item Pragmas and debugging
1275 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1279 =item Acknowledgments
1285 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1295 =item Regular Expressions
1297 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1299 =item Extended Patterns
1301 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1302 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1303 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1304 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1308 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1310 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1312 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1314 =item Combining pieces together
1316 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1317 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1318 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1319 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1321 =item Creating custom RE engines
1331 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1341 =item Making References
1343 =item Using References
1345 =item Symbolic references
1347 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1349 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1351 =item Function Templates
1361 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1369 =item Format Variables
1379 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1387 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1395 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1397 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1399 =item Invoking a barnyard
1401 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1403 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1405 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1407 =item A few notes about @ISA
1409 =item Overriding the methods
1411 =item Starting the search from a different place
1413 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1415 =item Where we're at so far...
1417 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1419 =item Invoking an instance method
1421 =item Accessing the instance data
1423 =item How to build a horse
1425 =item Inheriting the constructor
1427 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1429 =item Adding parameters to a method
1431 =item More interesting instances
1433 =item A horse of a different color
1445 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1451 =item Creating a Class
1455 =item Object Representation
1457 =item Class Interface
1459 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1461 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1465 =item Other Object Methods
1473 =item Accessing Class Data
1475 =item Debugging Methods
1477 =item Class Destructors
1479 =item Documenting the Interface
1489 =item Overridden Methods
1491 =item Multiple Inheritance
1493 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1497 =item Alternate Object Representations
1501 =item Arrays as Objects
1503 =item Closures as Objects
1507 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1511 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1513 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1517 =item Metaclassical Tools
1523 =item Data Members as Variables
1531 =item Object Terminology
1537 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1543 =item Acknowledgments
1549 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1555 =item Class Data in a Can
1557 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1561 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1563 =item Inheritance Concerns
1565 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1567 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1569 =item Monadic Classes
1571 =item Translucent Attributes
1575 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1579 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1581 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1583 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1585 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1587 =item Translucency Revisited
1595 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1597 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1603 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1611 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1613 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1615 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1617 =item Method Invocation
1619 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1621 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1623 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1629 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1637 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1643 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1645 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1647 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1649 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1651 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1653 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1655 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1657 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1659 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1661 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1667 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1679 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1684 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1685 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1686 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1687 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1692 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1693 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1694 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1696 =item Tying FileHandles
1698 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1699 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1704 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1716 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1717 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1727 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
1735 =item Deferred Signals
1737 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals
1738 triggered by operating system state
1742 =item Using open() for IPC
1748 =item Background Processes
1750 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1752 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1754 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1756 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1760 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1764 =item Internet Line Terminators
1766 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1768 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1772 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1776 =item A Simple Client
1778 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1780 =item A Webget Client
1782 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1786 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1788 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1790 =item UDP: Message Passing
1804 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1814 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1816 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1817 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1818 files, directories and network sockets
1820 =item Resource limits
1822 =item Killing the parent process
1824 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1826 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1828 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1829 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1830 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1842 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1850 =item Storing numbers
1852 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1854 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1856 Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
1857 mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
1858 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1867 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1875 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1877 =item Threaded Program Models
1889 =item Native threads
1891 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
1893 =item Thread-Safe Modules
1899 =item Basic Thread Support
1901 =item A Note about the Examples
1903 =item Creating Threads
1905 =item Giving up control
1907 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1909 =item Ignoring A Thread
1913 =item Threads And Data
1917 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1919 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
1923 =item Synchronization and control
1927 =item Controlling access: lock()
1929 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1931 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1933 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1935 =item Basic semaphores
1937 =item Advanced Semaphores
1939 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
1943 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1947 =item What Thread Am I In?
1951 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1953 =item What Threads Are Running?
1957 =item A Complete Example
1959 =item Performance considerations
1961 =item Process-scope Changes
1963 =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
1971 =item Introductory Texts
1973 =item OS-Related References
1975 =item Other References
1979 =item Acknowledgements
1987 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1993 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1995 =item Threaded Program Models
2007 =item Native threads
2009 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2011 =item Threadsafe Modules
2017 =item Basic Thread Support
2019 =item Creating Threads
2021 =item Giving up control
2023 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2025 =item Errors In Threads
2027 =item Ignoring A Thread
2031 =item Threads And Data
2035 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2037 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2039 =item Controlling access: lock()
2041 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2043 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2047 =item Threads And Code
2051 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2053 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
2055 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
2057 =item Subroutine Locks
2061 =item Locking A Subroutine
2065 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2069 =item What Thread Am I In?
2073 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2075 =item What Threads Are Running?
2079 =item A Complete Example
2087 =item Introductory Texts
2089 =item OS-Related References
2091 =item Other References
2095 =item Acknowledgements
2103 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2109 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2118 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2120 =item Files and Filesystems
2122 =item System Interaction
2124 =item Command names versus file pathnames
2126 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2128 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2130 =item Standard Modules
2134 =item Character sets and character encoding
2136 =item Internationalisation
2138 =item System Resources
2148 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2149 http://testers.cpan.org/
2157 =item DOS and Derivatives
2165 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2173 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2177 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2179 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2180 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2181 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2182 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2183 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2184 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2185 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2186 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2187 getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
2188 setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
2189 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob
2190 EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
2191 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
2192 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
2193 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
2194 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
2195 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2196 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2197 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2198 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2199 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2200 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2201 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2202 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2203 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2209 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2210 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2211 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2212 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2213 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2214 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2216 =item Supported Platforms
2220 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2224 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2231 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2237 =item The use locale pragma
2239 =item The setlocale function
2241 =item Finding locales
2243 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2245 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2247 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2249 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2251 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2253 =item The localeconv function
2255 =item I18N::Langinfo
2259 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2263 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2265 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2267 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2269 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2273 =item Other categories
2281 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2282 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2288 =item Backward compatibility
2290 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2292 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2294 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2296 =item Freely available locale definitions
2300 =item An imperfect standard
2304 =item Unicode and UTF-8
2310 =item Broken systems
2320 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2330 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2332 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2334 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
2336 =item Creating Unicode
2338 =item Handling Unicode
2340 =item Legacy Encodings
2344 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2348 =item Advanced Topics
2352 =item Questions With Answers
2354 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2356 =item Further Resources
2360 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2364 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
2366 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2370 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2378 =item Important Caveats
2380 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
2381 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2383 =item Byte and Character Semantics
2385 =item Effects of Character Semantics
2391 =item User-Defined Character Properties
2393 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
2395 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
2397 =item Unicode Encodings
2399 =item Security Implications of Unicode
2401 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2405 =item Using Unicode in XS
2413 =item Interaction with Locales
2415 =item Interaction with Extensions
2425 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2431 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2439 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2443 =item 13 variant characters
2451 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
2453 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
2455 =item Unicode and UTF
2461 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2463 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2465 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2479 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2481 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2483 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2485 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2493 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2495 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2497 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2499 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2503 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2507 =item URL decoding and encoding
2509 =item uu encoding and decoding
2511 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2513 =item Caesarian ciphers
2517 =item Hashing order and checksums
2521 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2533 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2553 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2561 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2563 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2565 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2569 =item Protecting Your Programs
2579 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2591 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2597 =item Making your module threadsafe
2605 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2615 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2616 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2630 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2636 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2640 =item Pragmatic Modules
2642 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes,
2643 charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer,
2644 less, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs,
2645 threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
2647 =item Standard Modules
2649 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2650 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2651 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2652 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2653 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2654 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2655 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest,
2656 DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
2657 Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM,
2658 ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
2659 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any,
2660 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
2661 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN,
2662 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2663 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2664 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2665 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
2666 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
2667 File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2668 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2669 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2670 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
2671 I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2,
2672 IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
2673 Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13,
2674 Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2675 Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
2676 Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
2677 Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2678 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2679 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2680 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2681 PerlIO, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions,
2682 Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink,
2683 Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text,
2684 Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage,
2685 SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket,
2686 Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
2687 Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
2688 Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple,
2689 Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2690 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
2691 Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2692 Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
2693 Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate,
2694 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2696 =item Extension Modules
2710 China, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Russian
2711 Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
2713 =item Central America
2719 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
2720 Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
2721 Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,
2722 Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United
2727 Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico
2731 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
2732 Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York,
2733 North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas,
2734 Utah, Virginia, ashington, Wisconsin
2738 Australia, New Zealand
2742 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
2748 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2752 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2754 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2756 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2764 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2770 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2774 =item Before you start
2782 =item Release considerations
2786 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2790 =item Has it been done before?
2792 =item Do one thing and do it well
2794 =item What's in a name?
2798 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2802 =item To OO or not to OO?
2804 =item Designing your API
2806 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2807 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2810 =item Strictness and warnings
2812 =item Backwards compatibility
2814 =item Error handling and messages
2818 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2824 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2828 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2832 =item Version numbering
2834 =item Pre-requisites
2844 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2848 =item Reinventing the wheel
2850 =item Trying to do too much
2852 =item Inappropriate documentation
2858 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2859 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2865 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2875 =item What should I make into a module?
2877 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2879 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2881 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2883 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2884 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2885 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2887 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2889 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2890 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2900 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
2901 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $)
2911 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2913 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2915 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2917 =item What is perl6?
2919 =item How stable is Perl?
2921 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2923 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2926 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2928 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2930 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2932 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2934 =item What is a JAPH?
2936 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2938 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2939 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
2943 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2947 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $,
2948 $Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $)
2956 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2958 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2960 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2962 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2965 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2966 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2968 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2969 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2971 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2973 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2975 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2977 =item Where should I post source code?
2981 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2983 =item Perl in Magazines
2985 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2987 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2989 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2991 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2993 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2995 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
2999 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3003 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2002/05/06
3012 =item How do I do (anything)?
3014 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
3016 =item Is there a Perl shell?
3018 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
3020 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
3022 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
3024 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
3026 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
3028 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
3030 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
3031 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
3032 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
3034 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
3036 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
3038 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
3040 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
3042 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
3044 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
3046 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
3048 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
3049 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
3051 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
3053 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
3055 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
3057 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
3059 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
3061 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
3063 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
3065 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
3067 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
3069 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
3071 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
3073 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
3075 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
3076 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
3078 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
3080 =item What's MakeMaker?
3084 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3088 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
3099 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
3100 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
3102 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
3104 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
3107 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
3109 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
3110 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
3111 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
3112 from decimal to binary
3114 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
3116 =item How do I multiply matrices?
3118 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
3120 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
3122 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
3124 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
3132 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
3134 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
3136 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
3138 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
3140 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
3142 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
3144 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
3152 =item How do I validate input?
3154 =item How do I unescape a string?
3156 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
3158 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
3160 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
3162 =item How do I reverse a string?
3164 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
3166 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
3168 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
3170 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
3172 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
3175 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
3177 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
3178 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
3180 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3182 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3184 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3186 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3188 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3190 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3192 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3194 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3195 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3204 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3206 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3208 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3212 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3215 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3216 intersection of two arrays?
3218 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3220 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3222 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3224 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3226 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3228 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3230 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3232 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3234 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3236 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3238 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3242 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3246 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3248 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3251 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3253 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3255 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3257 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3259 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3261 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3263 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3265 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3267 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3269 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3271 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3274 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3275 array of hashes or arrays?
3277 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3285 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3287 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3289 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3291 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3293 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3295 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3297 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3301 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3305 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
3314 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3316 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3317 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3319 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3321 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3323 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3325 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3326 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3328 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3330 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3332 =item How can I write() into a string?
3334 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3336 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3338 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3340 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3342 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3344 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3346 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3348 =item How can I lock a file?
3350 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3352 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3353 the file. How can I do this?
3355 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3356 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3358 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3360 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3362 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3364 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3366 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3368 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3370 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3372 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3374 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3376 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3378 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3380 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
3381 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3383 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3385 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3386 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3388 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3390 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3394 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3398 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: 2002/06/01
3407 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3408 and unmaintainable code?
3410 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3412 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3414 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3417 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3419 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3422 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3424 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3426 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3428 =item What is C</o> really for?
3430 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3433 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3435 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3437 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3439 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3441 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3443 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3445 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3447 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3449 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3451 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3453 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3455 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3457 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3461 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3465 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
3466 2002/03/26 15:48:32 $)
3474 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3476 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3479 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3482 =item How do I skip some return values?
3484 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3486 =item What's an extension?
3488 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3490 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3492 =item How do I create a module?
3494 =item How do I create a class?
3496 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3498 =item What's a closure?
3500 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3502 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3505 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3508 =item How do I create a static variable?
3510 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3511 Between local() and my()?
3513 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3516 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3518 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3520 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3522 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3524 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3526 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3528 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3530 =item How can I find out my current package?
3532 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3534 =item How do I clear a package?
3536 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3540 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3544 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/05/16
3553 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3555 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3557 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3559 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3561 =item How do I print something out in color?
3563 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3565 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3567 =item How do I clear the screen?
3569 =item How do I get the screen size?
3571 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3573 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3575 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3577 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3579 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3581 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3583 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3585 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3587 =item How do I set the time and date?
3589 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3591 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3593 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3595 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3596 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3598 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3600 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3602 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3604 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3606 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3608 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3610 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3612 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3614 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3616 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3619 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3621 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3623 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3625 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3628 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3629 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3630 changes to be visible?
3634 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3637 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3639 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3641 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3643 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3645 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3647 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3649 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3651 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3653 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3655 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3657 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3659 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3662 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3664 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3668 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3672 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13
3681 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3683 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3686 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3688 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3690 =item How do I extract URLs?
3692 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3693 file on another machine?
3695 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3697 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3699 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3701 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3703 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3705 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3707 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3709 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3710 CGI script to do bad things?
3712 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3714 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3716 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3718 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3720 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3722 =item How do I send mail?
3724 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3726 =item How do I read mail?
3728 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3730 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3732 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3734 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3738 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3742 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3752 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3756 =item Using The Back Ends
3760 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3764 =item The Decompiling Back End
3766 =item The Lint Back End
3768 =item The Simple C Back End
3770 =item The Bytecode Back End
3772 =item The Optimized C Back End
3776 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3778 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3779 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3780 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3782 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3788 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3798 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3799 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3803 =item Compiling your C program
3805 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3807 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3809 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3811 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3813 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3815 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3817 =item Execution of END blocks
3819 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3821 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3826 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3836 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3842 =item Debugger Internals
3846 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3850 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3852 =item Debugging regular expressions
3856 =item Compile-time output
3858 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3859 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3860 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3863 =item Types of nodes
3865 =item Run-time output
3869 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3873 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3875 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3876 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3879 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3881 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3883 =item B<-DL> details
3887 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3895 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3907 =item Version caveat
3909 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3921 =item What has gone on?
3923 =item Writing good test scripts
3927 =item What's new here?
3929 =item Input and Output Parameters
3931 =item The XSUBPP Program
3933 =item The TYPEMAP file
3935 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3939 =item What has happened here?
3941 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3943 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3945 =item More about XSUB arguments
3947 =item The Argument Stack
3949 =item Extending your Extension
3951 =item Documenting your Extension
3953 =item Installing your Extension
3957 =item New Things in this Example
3961 =item New Things in this Example
3963 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3965 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3967 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
3969 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3985 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3997 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3999 =item The Argument Stack
4001 =item The RETVAL Variable
4003 =item The MODULE Keyword
4005 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4007 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4009 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4011 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4013 =item The CODE: Keyword
4015 =item The INIT: Keyword
4017 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4019 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4021 =item Default Parameter Values
4023 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4025 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4027 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4029 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4031 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4033 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4035 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4037 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4039 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4041 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4043 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4045 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4047 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4049 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4051 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4053 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4055 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4057 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4059 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4061 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4063 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4065 =item The CASE: Keyword
4067 =item The & Unary Operator
4069 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4071 =item Using XS With C++
4073 =item Interface Strategy
4075 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4079 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4081 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4093 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4103 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4105 =item File Operations
4107 =item File Input and Output
4109 =item File Positioning
4111 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4113 =item Character Class Tests
4115 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4117 =item Miscellaneous functions
4125 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4137 =item What is an "IV"?
4139 =item Working with SVs
4143 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4145 =item Working with AVs
4147 =item Working with HVs
4149 =item Hash API Extensions
4153 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4155 =item Creating New Variables
4157 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4159 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4161 =item Stashes and Globs
4163 =item Double-Typed SVs
4165 =item Magic Variables
4167 =item Assigning Magic
4169 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4173 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4175 =item Localizing changes
4177 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4178 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4179 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4180 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4181 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4182 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4183 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4184 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4185 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4186 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4194 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4196 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4198 =item Memory Allocation
4202 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4206 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4216 =item Examining the tree
4218 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4220 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4222 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4224 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4226 =item Pluggable runops
4230 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4232 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4236 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4238 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4240 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4242 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4244 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4248 =item Internal Functions
4250 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4254 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4256 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4258 =item Source Documentation
4262 =item Unicode Support
4266 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4268 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4270 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4272 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4274 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4276 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4280 =item Custom Operators
4288 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4294 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4296 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4298 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4318 =item Determining the Context
4322 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4328 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4330 =item Passing Parameters
4332 =item Returning a Scalar
4334 =item Returning a list of values
4336 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4338 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4342 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4346 =item Using call_argv
4348 =item Using call_method
4352 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4354 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4356 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4357 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4360 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4362 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4374 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4384 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4385 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4386 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4387 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4391 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4393 =item Administration
4395 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4399 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4400 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4408 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4418 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4420 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4422 B<Decryption Filters>
4424 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4426 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4428 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4440 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4448 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4449 B<filter_fetch_value>
4455 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4457 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4467 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4473 =item "Gimme" Values
4475 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4477 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4479 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4480 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4481 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4483 =item Callback Functions
4485 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4486 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4488 =item Character classes
4490 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4492 =item Cloning an interpreter
4496 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4498 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4500 =item Embedding Functions
4502 load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
4503 perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4505 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4507 pack_cat, unpack_str
4509 =item Global Variables
4511 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4515 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4516 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4520 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4522 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4524 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4525 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4526 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4527 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
4528 hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4530 =item Magical Functions
4532 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4533 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4534 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4536 =item Memory Management
4538 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4539 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4541 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4543 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
4544 strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
4546 =item Numeric functions
4548 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4551 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4553 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4555 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4557 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4558 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4559 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4560 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4561 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4565 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4567 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4569 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4570 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4571 new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4572 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx,
4573 SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
4574 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4575 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4576 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4577 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX,
4578 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4579 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4580 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK,
4581 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
4582 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4583 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4584 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4585 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4586 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm,
4587 sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4588 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4589 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4590 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing,
4591 sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte,
4592 sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags,
4593 sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4594 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4595 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg,
4596 sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
4597 sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
4598 sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags,
4599 sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode,
4600 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags,
4601 sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4603 =item Unicode Support
4605 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4606 pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case,
4607 to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr,
4608 utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes,
4609 utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
4611 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4613 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4614 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4616 =item Warning and Dieing
4626 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4633 =item Global Variables
4635 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4646 =item Pad Data Structures
4650 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4654 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4656 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4664 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4674 =item History and Background
4676 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4678 =item Data Structures
4680 =item Functions and Attributes
4682 =item Per-instance Data
4684 =item Layers in action.
4686 =item Per-instance flag bits
4688 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4689 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4690 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4691 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4693 =item Methods in Detail
4695 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4696 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4697 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4698 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4703 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4705 =item Extension Layers
4707 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
4715 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4723 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4724 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4725 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4726 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4727 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4728 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4729 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4730 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4731 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4732 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4733 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4737 =item Co-existence with stdio
4739 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4740 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4742 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4744 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4745 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4746 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4747 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4749 =item Other Functions
4751 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4752 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4758 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4764 =item To do during 5.6.x
4768 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4770 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4772 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4774 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4776 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4780 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4782 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
4784 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4786 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4788 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4790 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4792 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4794 =item Complete signal handling
4796 =item Out-of-source builds
4798 =item POSIX realtime support
4800 =item UNIX98 support
4804 =item Long double conversion
4808 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4810 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4812 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4814 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4816 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
4818 =item Custom opcodes
4820 =item DLL Versioning
4822 =item Introduce @( and @)
4824 =item Floating point handling
4826 =item IV/UV preservation
4828 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4830 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4832 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4834 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4836 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4838 =item Document Win32 choices
4840 =item Check new modules
4842 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4846 =item To do at some point
4850 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4852 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4854 =item bitfields in pack
4856 =item Cross compilation
4858 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4860 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4862 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4864 =item -i rename file when changed
4866 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4868 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4870 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4872 =item my sub foo { }
4874 =item One-pass global destruction
4876 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4878 =item Cache recently used regexps
4880 =item Cross-compilation support
4882 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4884 =item debugger pragma
4886 =item use less pragma
4888 =item switch structures
4890 =item Cache eval tree
4894 =item Shrink opcode tables
4896 =item Optimize away @_
4898 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4902 =item Prototype method calls
4904 =item Return context prototype declarations
4908 =item Garbage collection
4912 =item Rewrite perldoc
4914 =item Install .3p manpages
4916 =item Unicode tutorial
4918 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4920 =item Retargetable installation
4922 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4924 =item Rename Win32 headers
4926 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4928 =item Update sprintf documentation
4930 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4932 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4934 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
4936 =item Should overload be inheritable?
4946 =item ref() in list context
4948 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4950 =item Compile to real threaded code
4952 =item Structured types
4954 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4956 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4960 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4964 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4966 =item Constant function cache
4968 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4976 =item Update guts documentation
4978 =item Add more tests
4980 =item Update auxiliary tools
4982 =item Create debugging macros
4984 =item truncate to the people
4986 =item Unicode in Filenames
4990 =item Recently done things
4994 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4996 =item Safe signal handling
5002 =item setitimer and getimiter
5004 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
5006 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
5008 =item Explicit switch statements
5016 =item perlcc to produce executable
5018 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
5020 =item Secure temporary file module
5022 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
5024 =item Turn Cwd into XS
5026 =item Mmap for input
5028 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
5030 =item Add sockatmark support
5032 =item Mailing list archives
5036 =item Integrate MacPerl
5038 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5040 =item Regular expression tutorial
5042 =item Debugging Tutorial
5044 =item Integrate new modules
5046 =item Integrate profiler
5048 =item Y2K error detection
5050 =item Regular expression debugger
5054 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5056 =item Cache precompiled modules
5060 =item Deprecated Wishes
5064 =item Loop control on do{}
5066 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5072 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5074 =item Named prototypes
5076 =item Built-in globbing
5078 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5080 =item Cached hash values
5082 =item Add compression modules
5084 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5086 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5088 =item Make XS easier to use
5090 =item Make embedding easier to use
5094 =item my $Package::variable
5096 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5098 =item "class"-based lexicals
5102 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5104 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5106 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5108 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5114 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
5120 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
5121 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
5122 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
5123 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
5124 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
5125 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
5126 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
5130 =item Keeping in sync
5132 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
5133 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
5135 =item Why rsync the source tree
5137 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
5139 =item Why rsync the patches
5141 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
5142 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
5144 =item Perlbug remote interface
5146 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
5147 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
5149 =item Submitting patches
5151 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
5152 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
5154 =item Finding Your Way Around
5156 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
5158 =item Elements of the interpreter
5160 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
5162 =item Internal Variable Types
5168 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5170 =item Millions of Macros
5172 =item Poking at Perl
5174 =item Using a source-level debugger
5176 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5177 finish, 'enter', print
5179 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5183 =item Patching a core module
5185 =item Adding a new function to the core
5187 =item Writing a test
5189 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5190 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5192 =item Special Make Test Targets
5194 coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third
5195 ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8
5199 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5203 =item Rational Software's Purify
5205 =item Purify on Unix
5207 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5211 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5213 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5215 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5219 =item Gprof Profiling
5221 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5223 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5225 =item Pixie Profiling
5227 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5230 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5234 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5242 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5250 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5262 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5264 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5268 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5272 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5278 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5280 =item Incompatible Changes
5284 =item Binary Incompatibility
5286 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5288 =item AIX Dynaloading
5290 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
5292 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5294 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5296 =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
5298 =item New Unicode Properties
5300 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5302 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5304 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
5310 =item Core Enhancements
5314 =item Unicode Overhaul
5316 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5320 =item Restricted Hashes
5324 =item Understanding of Numbers
5326 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
5328 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5332 =item Modules and Pragmata
5336 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5338 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5342 =item Utility Changes
5344 =item New Documentation
5346 =item Performance Enhancements
5348 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5352 =item Generic Improvements
5354 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5358 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5362 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5366 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5368 =item Changed Internals
5370 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
5374 =item Known Problems
5378 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
5380 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5382 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5384 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
5386 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5388 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5390 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
5392 =item PDL failing some tests
5396 =item Self-tying Problems
5398 =item ext/threads/t/libc
5400 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5402 =item Timing problems
5404 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
5406 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
5410 =item Platform Specific Problems
5416 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
5422 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
5424 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
5426 =item DJGPP Failures
5428 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
5430 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
5432 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
5434 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5436 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
5438 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5442 =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
5444 =item OS/2 Test Failures
5446 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5450 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
5452 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
5454 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
5466 =item XML::Parser not working
5470 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5472 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5476 =item Reporting Bugs
5484 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5490 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5492 =item Incompatible Changes
5496 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5498 =item AIX Dynaloading
5500 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5502 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5508 =item Core Enhancements
5510 =item Modules and Pragmata
5514 =item New Modules and Distributions
5516 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5520 =item Utility Changes
5522 =item New Documentation
5524 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5528 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5530 =item Generic Improvements
5534 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5538 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5542 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5544 =item Source Code Enhancements
5548 =item MAGIC constants
5550 =item Better commented code
5552 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5560 =item Known Problems
5566 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5568 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5570 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5572 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5574 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5576 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5580 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5582 =item Failure of Thread tests
5592 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5594 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5596 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5598 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5600 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5602 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5606 =item Reporting Bugs
5614 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5620 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5622 =item Incompatible Changes
5624 =item Core Enhancements
5628 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5630 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5632 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5636 =item Modules and Pragmata
5642 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5646 =item Performance Enhancements
5648 =item Utility Changes
5650 =item New Documentation
5666 =item README.solaris
5670 =item Porting/repository.pod
5674 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5678 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5680 =item Generic Improvements
5682 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5683 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5684 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5688 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5692 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5696 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5698 =item Changed Internals
5702 =item Known Problems
5706 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5708 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5710 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5712 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5716 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5718 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5720 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5722 =item Failure of Thread tests
5724 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5726 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5728 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5730 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5734 =item Reporting Bugs
5742 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5748 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5750 =item Incompatible Changes
5752 =item Core Enhancements
5754 =item Modules and Pragmata
5760 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5764 =item Utility Changes
5766 =item New Documentation
5768 =item Performance Enhancements
5770 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5774 =item Generic Improvements
5778 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5782 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5786 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5788 =item Changed Internals
5790 =item Known Problems
5794 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5796 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5798 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5800 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5802 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5804 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5806 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5808 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5810 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5812 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5816 =item Reporting Bugs
5824 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5830 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5834 =item Security Issues
5836 =item Core bug fixes
5838 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5839 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5840 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5841 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5842 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5843 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5848 =item Configuration issues
5852 =item Bundled modules
5854 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5855 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5856 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5857 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5859 =item Platform-specific improvements
5861 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5865 =item Core Enhancements
5869 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5871 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5873 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5875 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5877 =item "our" declarations
5879 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5881 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5883 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5885 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5887 =item open() with more than two arguments
5889 =item 64-bit support
5891 =item Large file support
5897 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5899 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5901 =item File globbing implemented internally
5903 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5905 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5907 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5909 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5911 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5913 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5915 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5917 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5919 =item Comments in pack() templates
5921 =item Weak references
5923 =item Binary numbers supported
5925 =item Lvalue subroutines
5927 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5929 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5931 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5933 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5935 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5937 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5939 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5941 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5943 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5945 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5947 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5949 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5951 =item Improved diagnostics
5953 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5955 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5957 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5959 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5961 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5963 =item Improved security features
5965 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5967 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5969 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5971 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5973 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5975 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5977 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5981 =item Modules and Pragmata
5987 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5988 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5989 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5990 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5991 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5992 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5993 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5994 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6000 =item Utility Changes
6014 =item The Perl Debugger
6018 =item Improved Documentation
6020 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6021 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6022 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6023 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6025 =item Performance enhancements
6029 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6031 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6033 =item Faster subroutine calls
6035 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6039 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6043 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6045 =item New Configure flags
6047 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6053 =item -Duselargefiles
6055 =item installusrbinperl
6061 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6063 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6067 =item Platform specific changes
6071 =item Supported platforms
6075 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6083 =item Significant bug fixes
6087 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6089 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6091 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6093 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6095 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6097 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6099 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6101 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6103 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6105 =item Locale bugs fixed
6109 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6111 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6113 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6115 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6119 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6121 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6122 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6123 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6124 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6125 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6126 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6127 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6128 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6129 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6130 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6131 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6132 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6133 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6134 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6135 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6136 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6137 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6138 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6139 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6140 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6141 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6142 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6143 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6144 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6145 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6146 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6147 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6148 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6149 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6150 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6151 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6152 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6153 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6154 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6155 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6156 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6157 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6158 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6159 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6160 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6161 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6162 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6163 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6164 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6165 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6166 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6167 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6168 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6169 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6170 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6174 =item Incompatible Changes
6178 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6180 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6181 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6182 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6183 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6184 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6185 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6186 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6187 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6188 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6189 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6190 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6192 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6194 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6196 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6198 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6200 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6204 =item Known Problems
6208 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6210 =item Known test failures
6212 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6214 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6216 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6218 =item Experimental features
6220 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6221 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6222 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6226 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6228 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6229 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6230 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6231 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6233 =item Reporting Bugs
6241 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6247 =item Core Enhancements
6251 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6253 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6255 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6257 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6259 =item "our" declarations
6261 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6263 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6265 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6267 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6269 =item open() with more than two arguments
6271 =item 64-bit support
6273 =item Large file support
6279 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6281 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6283 =item File globbing implemented internally
6285 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6287 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6289 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6291 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6293 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6295 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6297 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6299 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6301 =item Comments in pack() templates
6303 =item Weak references
6305 =item Binary numbers supported
6307 =item Lvalue subroutines
6309 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6311 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6313 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6315 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6317 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6319 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6321 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6323 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6325 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6327 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6329 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6331 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6333 =item Improved diagnostics
6335 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6337 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6339 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6341 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6343 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6345 =item Improved security features
6347 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6349 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6351 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6353 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6355 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6357 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6359 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6363 =item Modules and Pragmata
6369 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6370 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6371 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6372 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6373 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6374 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6375 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6376 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6382 =item Utility Changes
6396 =item The Perl Debugger
6400 =item Improved Documentation
6402 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6403 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6404 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6405 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6407 =item Performance enhancements
6411 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6413 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6415 =item Faster subroutine calls
6417 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6421 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6425 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6427 =item New Configure flags
6429 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6435 =item -Duselargefiles
6437 =item installusrbinperl
6443 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6447 =item Platform specific changes
6451 =item Supported platforms
6455 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6463 =item Significant bug fixes
6467 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6469 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6471 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6473 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6475 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6477 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6479 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6481 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6483 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6485 =item Locale bugs fixed
6489 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6491 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6493 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6495 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6499 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6501 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6502 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6503 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6504 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6505 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6506 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6507 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6508 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6509 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6510 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6511 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6512 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6513 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6514 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6515 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6516 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6517 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6518 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6519 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6520 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6521 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6522 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6523 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6524 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6525 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6526 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6527 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6528 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6529 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6530 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6531 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6532 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6533 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6534 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6535 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6536 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6537 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6538 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6539 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6540 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6541 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6542 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6543 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6544 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6545 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6546 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6547 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6548 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6549 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6550 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6554 =item Incompatible Changes
6558 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6560 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6561 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6562 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6563 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6564 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6565 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6566 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6567 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6568 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6569 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6570 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6572 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6574 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6576 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6578 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6580 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6584 =item Known Problems
6588 =item Thread test failures
6590 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6592 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6594 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6596 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6599 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6601 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6603 =item Experimental features
6605 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6606 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6607 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6611 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6613 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6614 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6615 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6616 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6618 =item Reporting Bugs
6626 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6632 =item About the new versioning system
6634 =item Incompatible Changes
6638 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6640 =item Default installation structure has changed
6642 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6644 =item C Source Compatibility
6646 =item Binary Compatibility
6648 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6650 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6664 =item Regular Expressions
6666 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6667 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6668 improvements, Incompatible changes
6670 =item Improved malloc()
6672 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6674 =item Reliable signals
6676 =item Reliable stack pointers
6678 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6682 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6684 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6686 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6688 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6690 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6692 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6694 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6696 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6698 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6700 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6702 =item Better locale support
6704 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6706 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6708 =item Extended support for exception handling
6710 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6712 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6714 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6716 =item New C<lock> keyword
6718 =item New C<qr//> operator
6720 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6722 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6724 =item Tied handles support is better
6726 =item 4th argument to substr
6728 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6730 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6732 =item <> now reads in records
6736 =item Supported Platforms
6742 =item Changes in existing support
6746 =item Modules and Pragmata
6752 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6753 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6754 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6756 =item Changes in existing modules
6758 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6759 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6763 =item Utility Changes
6765 =item Documentation Changes
6767 =item New Diagnostics
6769 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6770 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6771 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6772 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6773 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6774 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6775 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6776 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6777 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6778 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6779 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6780 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6781 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6782 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6783 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6784 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6785 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6787 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6789 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6790 temporary file, regexp too big
6792 =item Configuration Changes
6802 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
6808 =item Supported Environments
6814 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6816 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6818 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6820 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6822 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6824 =item More precise warnings
6826 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6828 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6830 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6832 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6834 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6836 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6838 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6840 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6842 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6844 =item Changes to tainting checks
6846 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6847 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6849 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6851 =item Embedding improvements
6853 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6855 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6857 =item New and changed syntax
6861 =item New and changed builtin constants
6865 =item New and changed builtin variables
6869 =item New and changed builtin functions
6871 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6872 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6873 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6874 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6875 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6877 =item New builtin methods
6879 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6881 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6883 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6884 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6886 =item Malloc enhancements
6888 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6890 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6894 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6910 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6911 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6917 =item Required Updates
6919 =item Installation directories
6921 =item Module information summary
6935 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6939 =item Utility Changes
6945 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6949 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6953 =item C Language API Changes
6955 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6958 =item Documentation Changes
6960 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6961 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6963 =item New Diagnostics
6965 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6966 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6967 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6968 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6969 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6970 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6971 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6972 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6973 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6974 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6975 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6976 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6977 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6978 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6979 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6980 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6981 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6982 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6983 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6984 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6985 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6986 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6987 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6988 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6989 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6999 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
7007 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
7011 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
7013 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
7015 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
7017 =item Using Large Files with Perl
7023 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
7033 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
7043 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7059 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7061 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7063 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7065 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7071 =item Accessing documentation
7075 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7077 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7079 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7081 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7085 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7089 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7091 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7093 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7095 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7097 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7101 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
7109 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7117 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7119 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7123 =item Contact Information
7125 =item Update 2002-05-30
7131 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7141 =item gzip on BS2000
7143 =item bison on BS2000
7145 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7147 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7149 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7151 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7153 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7155 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7157 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7191 =item Acknowledgements
7197 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7203 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7207 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7209 =item Cygwin Configuration
7211 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7215 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7219 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7221 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7223 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7224 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
7226 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7228 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7229 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7232 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7234 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7238 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7242 =item Warnings on Cygwin
7248 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7252 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7254 =item NDBM_File does not work on FAT filesystems
7256 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7258 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
7262 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7264 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7266 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7267 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7269 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7277 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7289 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7293 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7295 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7297 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7299 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7309 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7319 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7323 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7325 =item Building Perl on DOS
7327 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7329 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7333 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7337 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7339 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7341 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7343 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7353 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7361 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7363 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7367 =item Editors on Epoc
7369 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7371 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7373 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7377 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7385 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
7393 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
7395 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
7397 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
7405 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7414 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7416 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7428 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7430 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7432 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7434 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7436 =item The GNU C Compiler
7438 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7440 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7442 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7444 =item Oracle on HP-UX
7446 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7448 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7450 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7452 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7456 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7464 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7472 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7480 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
7488 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
7490 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
7492 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
7494 =item Linker Problems in Irix
7496 =item Malloc in Irix
7498 =item Building with threads in Irix
7506 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7515 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7517 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7519 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7521 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7531 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7545 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7551 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7557 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7565 =item Binary distribution from HP
7567 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7569 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7571 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7573 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7575 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7577 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7578 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7580 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7584 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7586 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7588 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7590 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7592 =item Perl/iX Change History
7608 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
7620 =item Build new extensions
7622 =item Acknowledgements
7630 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7650 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7652 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7654 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7658 =item Frequently asked questions
7662 =item "It does not work"
7664 =item I cannot run external programs
7666 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7669 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7672 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7674 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7682 =item Automatic binary installation
7684 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7686 =item Manual binary installation
7688 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7689 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7690 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7691 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7692 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7698 =item Accessing documentation
7702 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7710 =item GNU C<info> files
7722 =item The short story
7726 =item Getting perl source
7728 =item Application of the patches
7736 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7739 =item Installing the built perl
7741 =item C<a.out>-style build
7749 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7751 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7753 =item Problems with tr or sed
7755 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7757 =item Library ... not found
7759 =item Segfault in make
7761 =item op/sprintf test failure
7765 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7769 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7773 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7775 =item Additional modules:
7777 =item Prebuilt methods:
7779 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7780 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7781 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7782 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7783 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7784 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7785 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7786 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7787 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7788 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7789 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
7790 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
7792 =item Prebuilt variables:
7794 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
7801 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7804 =item Identifying DLLs
7806 =item Centralized management of resources
7808 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
7809 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
7810 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
7811 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
7825 =item F<perl___.exe>
7827 =item Why strange names?
7829 =item Why dynamic linking?
7831 =item Why chimera build?
7839 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7841 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7843 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7845 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7847 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7849 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7857 =item Text-mode filehandles
7861 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7863 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7865 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7868 =item DLL forwarder generation
7872 =item Calls to external programs
7874 =item Memory allocation
7878 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7894 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7907 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7909 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7911 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7913 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7915 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7917 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7919 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7921 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7923 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7925 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7935 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7943 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7951 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7953 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7955 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7957 =item QNX auxiliary files
7961 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7969 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7979 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7981 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7983 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7985 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7989 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7993 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
8005 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
8013 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
8019 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
8025 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
8027 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
8029 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
8033 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
8037 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
8039 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
8041 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
8045 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
8047 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
8048 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
8049 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
8055 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
8057 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8061 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
8063 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
8067 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
8071 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
8073 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
8077 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
8079 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
8081 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
8091 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
8092 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
8100 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
8102 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
8104 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
8106 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
8108 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
8110 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
8114 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
8116 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
8118 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
8124 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
8132 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
8134 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
8140 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
8150 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
8152 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8154 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
8156 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
8158 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
8168 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
8174 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
8182 =item Organization of Perl Images
8188 =item Perl Extensions
8190 =item Installing static extensions
8192 =item Installing dynamic extensions
8196 =item File specifications
8202 =item Wildcard expansion
8208 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8214 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8216 =item Command line switches
8222 =item Perl functions
8224 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
8225 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
8226 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
8227 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
8229 =item Perl variables
8231 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
8233 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
8247 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
8255 =item Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
8257 =item Stratus POSIX Support
8261 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
8265 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
8267 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
8271 =item USING PERL IN VOS
8275 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
8277 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
8279 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
8285 =item SUPPORT STATUS
8293 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
8303 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
8305 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
8306 SDK 64-bit Compiler, Mingw32 with GCC
8310 =item Testing Perl on Win32
8312 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
8314 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
8316 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
8317 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
8318 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
8320 =item Running Perl Scripts
8322 Miscellaneous Things
8326 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
8330 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
8331 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
8332 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8340 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8342 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8354 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8364 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8365 data structures between threads
8377 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
8378 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8390 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8399 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8400 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
8401 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
8405 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8411 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
8412 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
8414 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8420 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8430 =item Built-in Attributes
8432 locked, method, lvalue
8434 =item Available Subroutines
8438 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8440 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8442 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8450 =item Default exports
8452 =item Available exports
8454 =item Export tags defined
8464 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8476 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8492 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8506 =head2 bigint - Transparent big integer support for Perl
8518 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8522 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8542 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
8554 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8558 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8578 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
8600 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
8601 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
8602 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
8603 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
8604 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
8614 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8628 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8641 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8650 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8652 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8654 =item charnames::vianame(name)
8658 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
8664 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8676 =item List constants
8678 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8680 =item Magic constants
8684 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8694 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8705 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8707 =item The I<splain> Program
8721 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
8731 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
8732 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
8740 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
8744 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
8746 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
8748 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
8750 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8756 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8770 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8780 =item subpragma access
8786 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
8800 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8811 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8821 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8831 =item Adding directories to @INC
8833 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8835 =item Restoring original @INC
8849 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8860 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
8868 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8870 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8876 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8888 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8898 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8900 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8902 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8904 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8906 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8908 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8910 =item Overloadable Operations
8912 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8913 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8914 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8916 =item Inheritance and overloading
8918 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8919 is inherited by derived classes
8923 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8931 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8933 =item Copy Constructor
8939 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8941 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8942 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8943 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8946 =item Losing overloading
8948 =item Run-time Overloading
8950 =item Public functions
8952 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8954 =item Overloading constants
8956 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8958 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8960 =item Metaphor clash
8966 =item Two-face scalars
8968 =item Two-face references
8970 =item Symbolic calculator
8972 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8980 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8981 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8987 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8997 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
9009 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
9011 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
9015 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
9019 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
9027 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
9039 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
9047 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
9051 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
9061 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9070 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9071 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
9072 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
9076 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9082 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
9083 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
9085 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9091 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
9092 structures between threads
9104 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
9105 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9117 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
9128 =item Utility functions
9130 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]),
9131 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
9142 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
9152 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
9160 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
9164 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
9172 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
9173 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
9174 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
9175 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
9176 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
9180 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
9190 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
9192 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
9202 =item DBM Comparisons
9212 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
9222 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
9226 =item Typed lexicals
9228 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
9230 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
9232 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
9234 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
9242 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
9243 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
9244 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
9245 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
9246 be able to apply END handler>
9256 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
9266 =item Subroutine Stubs
9268 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9270 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9272 =item Package Lexicals
9274 =item Not Using AutoLoader
9276 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
9286 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
9294 $keep, $check, $modtime
9298 =item Multiple packages
9306 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
9314 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
9318 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
9326 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
9340 =item B::PVMG METHODS
9344 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
9346 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
9348 =item B::PVLV METHODS
9350 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
9354 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
9358 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
9359 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
9363 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
9364 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
9368 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
9372 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
9377 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
9379 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
9383 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
9385 =item B::UNOP METHOD
9389 =item B::BINOP METHOD
9393 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
9397 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
9401 =item B::PMOP METHODS
9403 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
9404 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
9406 =item B::SVOP METHOD
9410 =item B::PADOP METHOD
9414 =item B::PVOP METHOD
9418 =item B::LOOP METHODS
9420 redoop, nextop, lastop
9422 =item B::COP METHODS
9424 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
9428 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
9430 main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
9431 regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP,
9432 METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE,
9433 PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c,
9434 cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
9440 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
9449 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
9455 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9467 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9487 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9497 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9498 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9499 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9509 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9519 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9520 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9521 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9532 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9542 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9543 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9544 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
9556 =item Context of ".."
9560 =item Deprecated features
9568 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
9580 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
9581 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
9582 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
9584 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
9586 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
9587 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
9588 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
9589 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
9590 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
9591 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
9592 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
9593 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
9599 =item OP flags abbreviations
9601 =item OP class abbreviations
9605 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
9611 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
9623 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
9633 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
9634 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
9636 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
9646 =item ambient_pragmas
9648 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
9660 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
9672 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
9680 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
9682 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
9683 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
9685 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9695 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9705 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9713 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9725 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9737 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9739 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9751 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9761 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
9769 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9789 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9803 =item Standard Exports
9805 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9806 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9807 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9809 =item Optional Exports
9811 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9812 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9813 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9829 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9833 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9847 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9857 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9858 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9859 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9869 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9881 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9883 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9885 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9887 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9889 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9891 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9893 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9895 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9897 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9899 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9901 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9903 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9905 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9907 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9909 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9911 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9913 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9915 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9916 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9920 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9921 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9924 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9926 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9927 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9932 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9936 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9938 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9940 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9942 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9944 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9946 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9948 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9950 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9951 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9953 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9957 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9961 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9963 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9965 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9967 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9969 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9971 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9972 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9974 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9978 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9982 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9984 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9986 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9988 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9992 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9994 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9996 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
10000 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
10002 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
10006 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
10010 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
10014 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
10018 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
10022 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
10024 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
10026 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
10030 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
10034 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
10040 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
10041 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
10043 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
10045 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
10046 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
10049 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
10055 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
10059 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
10061 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
10062 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
10063 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
10064 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
10065 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
10067 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
10069 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
10074 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
10076 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
10078 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
10079 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
10081 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
10083 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10087 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
10088 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
10089 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
10090 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
10091 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
10092 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
10093 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
10094 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
10095 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
10096 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
10097 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
10098 ...and many many more..
10100 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
10108 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
10118 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10126 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
10135 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
10137 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
10141 =item Changing the default message
10145 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
10155 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
10163 =item USING CGI::Cookie
10165 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
10169 =item Creating New Cookies
10171 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
10173 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
10175 =item Manipulating Cookies
10177 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
10181 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10189 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
10197 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
10199 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
10201 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
10203 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
10205 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
10207 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
10211 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10219 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
10229 =item Tags that won't be formatted
10231 =item Customizing the Indenting
10243 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
10251 =item USING CGI::Push
10253 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
10257 =item Heterogeneous Pages
10259 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
10263 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
10265 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10273 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
10283 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10291 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
10299 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10305 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
10315 =item Interactive Mode
10317 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
10318 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
10319 distribution, ls author, Signals
10327 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
10329 =item Programmer's interface
10331 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
10333 =item Methods in the other Classes
10335 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
10336 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
10337 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
10338 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
10339 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
10340 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
10341 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
10342 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
10343 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
10344 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
10345 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
10346 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
10347 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
10348 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
10349 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
10350 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
10351 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
10352 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
10353 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
10354 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
10355 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
10356 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
10357 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
10358 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
10359 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
10360 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
10362 =item Cache Manager
10366 =item Prerequisites
10368 =item Finding packages and VERSION
10372 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
10376 =item CONFIGURATION
10378 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
10379 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
10380 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
10381 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
10385 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
10387 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
10395 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
10397 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
10401 =item Three basic types of firewalls
10403 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
10405 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
10411 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
10423 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
10433 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
10446 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
10456 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10464 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10466 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10476 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10477 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10478 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10480 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10488 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10498 =item The C<struct()> function
10500 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10502 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10504 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10505 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10507 =item Initializing with C<new>
10513 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10515 =item Author and Modification History
10519 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10527 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
10539 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
10543 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
10544 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
10545 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
10546 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
10550 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
10554 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
10555 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
10556 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
10557 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
10558 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
10559 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
10560 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
10564 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
10565 C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>,
10566 C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
10567 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
10568 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
10569 C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>,
10570 C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>,
10571 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
10572 C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
10573 C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>,
10574 C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>,
10575 C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>,
10576 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>,
10577 C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
10578 C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
10579 C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>,
10580 C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
10581 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
10582 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
10583 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>,
10584 C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
10585 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>,
10586 C<d_gethostent_r>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>,
10587 C<d_getlogin_r>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
10588 C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>,
10589 C<d_getnetent_r>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
10590 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
10591 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>,
10592 C<d_getprotobynumber_r>, C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>,
10593 C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>,
10594 C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
10595 C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>, C<d_getservent_r>,
10596 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>, C<d_gettimeod>,
10597 C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
10598 C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>,
10599 C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>,
10600 C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
10601 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
10602 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
10603 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
10604 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
10605 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
10606 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
10607 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
10608 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
10609 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
10610 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
10611 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
10612 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
10613 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
10614 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>,
10615 C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
10616 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
10617 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
10618 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
10619 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
10620 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
10621 C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>,
10622 C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>,
10623 C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>,
10624 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>,
10625 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>,
10626 C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>,
10627 C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>,
10628 C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
10629 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>,
10630 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
10631 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
10632 C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>,
10633 C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
10634 C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
10635 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
10636 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
10637 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
10638 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
10639 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
10640 C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
10641 C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
10642 C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
10643 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
10644 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
10645 C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
10646 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
10647 C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
10648 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
10649 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
10650 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
10651 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
10652 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
10653 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
10657 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
10658 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
10659 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
10660 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
10664 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
10665 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
10670 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>, C<getgrgid_r_proto>,
10671 C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>, C<gethostbyname_r_proto>,
10672 C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>, C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>,
10673 C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>, C<getprotobyname_r_proto>,
10674 C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>, C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>,
10675 C<getpwnam_r_proto>, C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>,
10676 C<getservbyport_r_proto>, C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>,
10677 C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>,
10678 C<gmtime_r_proto>, C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>,
10683 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
10687 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
10688 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
10689 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
10690 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
10691 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
10692 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
10693 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
10694 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
10695 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
10696 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
10697 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
10698 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
10699 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
10700 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
10701 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
10702 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
10703 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
10704 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
10705 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
10706 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
10707 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
10708 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
10709 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
10710 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
10714 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
10718 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
10719 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
10720 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
10721 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
10722 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
10723 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
10728 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10729 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10730 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10734 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10735 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10739 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10740 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10741 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
10742 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
10743 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10747 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10748 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10752 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10753 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10757 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10758 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10759 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10760 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10764 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10768 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
10769 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
10770 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10774 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10775 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
10776 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
10777 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
10778 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
10779 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
10780 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
10781 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10782 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10783 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10784 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10785 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10786 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>,
10787 C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
10788 C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
10789 C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
10790 C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10794 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10795 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
10800 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10801 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10802 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10803 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10804 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10805 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10806 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10807 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10808 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10812 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10813 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10814 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10815 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10819 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10823 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10835 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10845 =item getcwd and friends
10847 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10849 =item abs_path and friends
10851 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10863 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10875 =item Global Variables
10877 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10878 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10883 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10884 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10886 =item Client Callback Methods
10888 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10889 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10890 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10900 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10908 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10912 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10914 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10916 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10918 =item Default Parameters
10920 =item In Memory Databases
10928 =item A Simple Example
10936 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10938 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10940 =item The get_dup() Method
10942 =item The find_dup() Method
10944 =item The del_dup() Method
10946 =item Matching Partial Keys
10954 =item The 'bval' Option
10956 =item A Simple Example
10958 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10960 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10961 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10962 length, elements);>
10964 =item Another Example
10968 =item THE API INTERFACE
10970 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10971 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10972 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10973 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10977 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10978 B<filter_fetch_value>
10984 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10986 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10990 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10994 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10996 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10998 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
11000 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
11002 =item The untie() Gotcha
11006 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
11010 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
11012 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
11014 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
11016 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
11036 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
11037 printing and C<eval>
11049 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
11050 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
11051 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
11058 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
11060 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11061 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11062 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11063 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11064 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11065 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11066 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11067 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11068 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11069 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11070 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11071 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11072 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11073 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11074 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
11094 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
11102 =item PROFILE FORMAT
11114 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
11136 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
11146 =item Runtime debugging
11148 =item Memory footprint debugging
11156 =item A simple scalar string
11158 =item A simple scalar number
11160 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
11162 =item A reference to a simple scalar
11164 =item A reference to an array
11166 =item A reference to a hash
11168 =item Dumping a large array or hash
11170 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
11172 =item A reference to a subroutine
11186 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
11196 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
11204 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
11208 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
11209 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
11210 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
11218 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
11228 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
11232 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
11233 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
11245 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
11257 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
11269 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
11270 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
11271 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
11276 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
11277 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
11283 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
11291 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
11292 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
11293 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
11294 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
11301 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
11314 =head2 Encode - character encodings
11322 =item Table of Contents
11334 =item PERL ENCODING API
11336 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
11337 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
11338 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
11343 =item Listing available encodings
11345 =item Defining Aliases
11349 =item Encoding via PerlIO
11351 =item Handling Malformed Data
11353 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
11354 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
11355 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
11356 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
11361 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
11365 =item Defining Encodings
11367 =item The UTF-8 flag
11369 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
11373 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
11375 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
11385 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
11393 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11398 =item Alias overloading
11406 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
11420 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11422 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
11438 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
11440 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
11442 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
11456 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
11466 =item Methods you should implement
11468 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11470 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11472 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11474 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11478 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11482 =item Compiled Encodings
11488 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11492 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
11502 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11503 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11504 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11514 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
11524 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
11532 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11534 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
11536 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
11550 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
11552 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
11568 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
11574 =item How does it work?
11582 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11590 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
11598 =item Encoding Names
11602 =item Supported Encodings
11606 =item Built-in Encodings
11608 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11610 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11612 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11613 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11615 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11617 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11618 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11619 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11621 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11623 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11627 =item Unsupported encodings
11629 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11630 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11631 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11632 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11634 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11636 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11640 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11642 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11648 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11649 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11656 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11657 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11661 =item Other Notable Sites
11663 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11664 "Introduction to i18n"
11666 =item Offline sources
11668 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11674 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
11688 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
11704 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
11712 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
11714 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
11720 =item by endianness
11722 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
11726 =item Surrogate Pairs
11732 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
11741 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11746 =item Alias overloading
11754 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
11755 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11757 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
11760 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
11763 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
11764 Implementation Base Class
11774 =item Methods you should implement
11776 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11778 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11780 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11782 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11786 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11790 =item Compiled Encodings
11796 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11800 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
11811 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11812 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11813 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11823 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
11824 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11826 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
11829 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
11832 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
11833 and 'Q' header encoding
11849 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
11850 on Encode and PerlIO
11856 =item How does it work?
11864 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11872 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
11873 supported by Encode
11881 =item Encoding Names
11885 =item Supported Encodings
11889 =item Built-in Encodings
11891 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11893 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11895 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11896 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11898 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11900 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11901 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11902 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11904 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11906 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11910 =item Unsupported encodings
11912 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11913 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11914 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11915 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11917 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11919 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11923 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11925 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11931 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11932 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11939 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11940 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11944 =item Other Notable Sites
11946 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11947 "Introduction to i18n"
11949 =item Offline sources
11951 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11957 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11963 use Encode::Encoder;
11964 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11965 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11967 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11968 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11969 # you can stack them!
11970 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11971 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11972 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
11974 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
11976 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
11984 =item Predefined Methods
11986 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
11987 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
11988 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
11990 =item Example: base64 transcoder
11992 =item Operator Overloading
12000 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
12001 non-ascii or non-utf8
12011 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
12012 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
12020 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
12024 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
12026 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
12028 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
12030 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
12036 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12042 use Encode::Encoder;
12043 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
12044 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
12046 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
12047 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
12048 # you can stack them!
12049 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
12050 # you can use it as a decoder as well
12051 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
12053 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
12055 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
12063 =item Predefined Methods
12065 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12066 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12067 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12069 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12071 =item Operator Overloading
12079 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
12092 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
12107 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
12123 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
12133 =item How to Export
12135 =item Selecting What To Export
12137 =item How to Import
12139 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
12143 =item Advanced features
12147 =item Specialised Import Lists
12149 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
12151 =item Module Version Checking
12153 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
12155 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
12157 =item Generating combined tags
12159 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
12165 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
12175 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
12196 mv source... destination
12198 cp source... destination
12216 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
12228 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
12238 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
12246 perl_stringify NAME
12250 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
12252 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
12256 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
12264 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
12267 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12269 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
12271 WriteMakefileSnippet
12273 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
12274 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12282 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
12294 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
12295 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
12305 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
12315 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
12327 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
12328 packlist(), version()
12336 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
12344 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
12345 dynamic extensions at load time
12351 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
12361 =item VMS implementation
12363 =item Win32 implementation
12371 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
12381 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
12389 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
12393 =item File::Spec wrappers B<DEPRECATED>
12407 file_name_is_absolute
12417 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
12431 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12432 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12444 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12445 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12453 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
12457 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12467 =item Overridden methods
12469 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12483 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12484 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12526 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12527 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12543 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12544 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12558 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12568 =item Overridden methods
12570 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12584 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12598 =item SelfLoaded methods
12650 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
12698 maybe_command_in_dirs
12722 post_initialize (o)
12736 replace_manpage_separator
12750 test_via_harness (override)
12752 test_via_script (override)
12782 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12783 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12793 =item Methods always loaded
12805 guess_name (override)
12809 find_perl (override)
12811 maybe_command (override)
12813 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
12815 perl_script (override)
12817 replace_manpage_separator
12819 init_main (override)
12821 init_others (override)
12823 constants (override)
12827 const_cccmd (override)
12829 pm_to_blib (override)
12831 tool_autosplit (override)
12833 tool_sxubpp (override)
12835 xsubpp_version (override)
12837 tools_other (override)
12847 top_targets (override)
12851 dynamic_lib (override)
12853 dynamic_bs (override)
12855 static_lib (override)
12857 manifypods (override)
12859 processPL (override)
12861 installbin (override)
12863 subdir_x (override)
12867 realclean (override)
12869 dist_core (override)
12871 dist_test (override)
12875 perldepend (override)
12877 makefile (override)
12879 find_tests (override)
12883 makeaperl (override)
12885 nicetext (override)
12887 prefixify (override)
12889 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12890 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12912 tool_autosplit (override)
12928 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
12938 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
12948 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
12958 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
12960 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
12968 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
12972 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
12974 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
12976 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
12978 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
12980 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
12981 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
12982 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST,
12983 FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
12984 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT,
12985 INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR,
12986 INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB,
12987 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
12988 INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB,
12989 LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS,
12990 MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT,
12991 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
12992 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
12993 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
12994 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
12995 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION,
12996 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
12998 =item Additional lowercase attributes
13000 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
13003 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
13005 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
13007 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
13009 =item Hintsfile support
13011 =item Distribution Support
13013 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
13014 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
13015 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
13017 =item Disabling an extension
13023 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
13031 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
13039 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
13043 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
13047 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
13048 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
13052 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
13060 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
13072 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
13082 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
13091 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
13099 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
13111 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
13119 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
13129 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
13141 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
13151 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
13155 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
13163 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
13167 C<basename>, C<dirname>
13171 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
13185 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
13199 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
13209 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
13211 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
13223 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
13233 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
13245 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
13253 B<find>, B<finddepth>
13259 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
13260 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
13261 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
13263 =item The wanted function
13265 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
13266 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
13267 pathname to the file
13275 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
13283 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
13291 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
13292 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
13293 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
13297 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
13305 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
13317 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
13327 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
13328 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
13329 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
13337 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
13347 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
13365 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
13383 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
13411 file_name_is_absolute
13441 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
13451 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
13484 file_name_is_absolute
13506 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
13522 =item Methods always loaded
13524 canonpath (override)
13542 case_tolerant (override)
13546 file_name_is_absolute (override)
13548 splitpath (override)
13550 splitdir (override)
13564 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
13590 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
13600 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
13624 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
13638 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
13648 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
13656 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
13664 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
13666 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
13678 =item Temporary files and NFS
13690 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
13706 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
13714 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
13722 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
13730 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
13736 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
13750 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
13752 =item All-in-one interface
13754 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
13756 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
13759 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
13761 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
13762 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
13763 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
13765 described in the previous section.
13767 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
13769 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
13781 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
13791 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
13795 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
13797 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
13805 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
13807 =item Example 2: Using the context
13809 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
13811 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
13815 =item Filter::Simple
13823 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
13831 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
13843 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
13859 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
13867 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
13869 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
13873 =item Simple options
13875 =item A little bit less simple options
13877 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
13879 =item Options with values
13881 =item Options with multiple values
13883 =item Options with hash values
13885 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
13887 =item Options with multiple names
13889 =item Case and abbreviations
13891 =item Summary of Option Specifications
13893 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
13898 =item Advanced Possibilities
13902 =item Object oriented interface
13904 =item Thread Safety
13906 =item Documentation and help texts
13908 =item Storing options in a hash
13912 =item The lonesome dash
13914 =item Argument callback
13918 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
13920 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
13921 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
13922 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
13923 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
13924 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
13926 =item Return values and Errors
13932 =item Default destinations
13934 =item Alternative option starters
13936 =item Configuration variables
13940 =item Trouble Shooting
13944 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
13946 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
13949 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
13951 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
13957 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13961 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
13972 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
13982 =item Restricted hashes
13984 lock_keys, unlock_keys
13990 lock_value, unlock_value
13992 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
14002 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
14013 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
14024 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
14026 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
14028 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14030 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14032 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
14034 the function super_languages($lang1)
14036 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
14038 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
14040 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
14042 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
14046 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
14048 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
14058 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
14066 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
14068 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
14070 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
14071 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
14072 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
14073 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
14074 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
14075 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
14076 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
14077 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
14078 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
14079 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
14080 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
14081 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
14082 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
14083 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
14084 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
14085 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
14086 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
14087 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
14088 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
14089 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
14090 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
14091 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
14092 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
14093 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
14094 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
14095 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
14096 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
14097 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
14098 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
14099 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
14100 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
14101 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
14102 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
14103 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
14104 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
14105 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
14106 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
14107 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
14108 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
14109 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
14110 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
14111 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
14112 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
14113 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
14114 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
14115 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
14116 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
14117 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
14118 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
14119 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
14120 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
14121 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
14122 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
14123 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
14124 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
14125 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
14126 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
14127 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
14128 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
14129 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
14130 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
14131 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
14132 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
14133 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
14134 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
14135 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
14136 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
14137 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
14138 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
14139 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
14140 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
14141 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
14142 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
14143 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
14144 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
14145 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
14146 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
14147 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
14148 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
14149 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
14150 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
14151 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
14152 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
14153 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
14154 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
14155 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
14156 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
14157 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
14158 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
14159 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
14160 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
14161 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
14162 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
14163 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
14164 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
14165 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
14166 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
14167 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
14168 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
14169 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
14170 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
14171 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
14172 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
14173 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
14174 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
14175 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
14176 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
14177 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
14178 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
14179 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
14180 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
14181 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
14182 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
14183 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
14184 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
14185 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
14186 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
14187 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
14188 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
14192 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14198 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
14216 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14220 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
14230 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
14238 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14239 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14249 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14259 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14263 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14271 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
14281 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14285 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14286 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14287 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14288 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14300 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14310 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14314 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14324 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14334 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14335 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14345 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
14353 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14354 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14363 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
14373 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14377 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14378 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14379 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14389 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
14403 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14404 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14414 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
14430 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14443 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
14457 hostpath(), peerpath()
14467 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
14476 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14477 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14487 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14497 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14501 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14509 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
14520 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14524 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14525 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14526 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14527 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14539 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14549 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14553 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14563 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14573 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14574 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14584 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
14593 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14594 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14603 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
14614 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14618 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14619 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14620 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14630 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
14645 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14646 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14656 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
14657 AF_INET domain sockets
14673 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14686 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
14687 AF_UNIX domain sockets
14701 hostpath(), peerpath()
14711 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14721 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14722 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14733 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
14747 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
14760 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
14770 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14771 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14772 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14783 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
14801 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14811 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14812 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14823 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
14834 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14835 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14836 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14847 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
14855 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14856 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14860 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14866 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
14867 general-utility list subroutines
14875 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14876 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14880 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14886 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
14887 general-utility scalar subroutines
14895 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
14896 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14906 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
14914 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14918 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
14926 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
14934 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
14936 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14938 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
14939 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
14941 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14943 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
14945 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
14951 =item rename_country
14959 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14963 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
14964 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
14965 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
14966 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
14974 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
14975 identification (ISO 4217)
14985 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14987 code2currency(), currency2code()
14989 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14991 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
14995 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14999 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
15000 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
15008 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
15017 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15019 code2language(), language2code()
15021 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15023 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
15027 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15031 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
15032 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
15040 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
15048 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15054 =item Construction Methods
15056 =item The "maketext" Method
15058 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
15060 =item Utility Methods
15062 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
15063 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
15064 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
15065 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
15067 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
15071 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
15073 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
15075 =item BRACKET NOTATION
15077 =item AUTO LEXICONS
15079 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
15081 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
15085 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15091 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
15099 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
15103 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
15105 =item The Linguistic View
15107 =item Breaking gettext
15109 =item Replacing gettext
15111 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
15113 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
15115 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
15117 =item Buzzword: Concision
15119 =item The Devil in the Details
15121 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
15129 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
15137 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
15141 =item SPECIAL CODES
15145 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15147 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
15148 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
15150 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15152 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
15156 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15160 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
15161 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
15169 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
15177 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
15181 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
15189 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
15190 of quoted-printable strings
15198 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15204 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
15213 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15219 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
15229 =item Canonical notation
15233 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
15235 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
15239 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
15240 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
15248 =item Autocreating constants
15254 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
15262 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
15270 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
15278 Canonical notation, Input, Output
15300 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
15302 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
15304 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
15305 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
15307 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
15393 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
15403 =item Rounding mode R
15405 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
15406 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
15407 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
15420 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
15428 =item Autocreating constants
15434 =item Alternative math libraries
15440 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
15448 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
15454 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
15458 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
15459 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
15460 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
15470 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
15480 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
15484 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
15486 the same terms as Perl itself.
15494 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals
15516 =item denominator()
15518 $d = $x->denominator();
15528 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
15542 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
15555 =item STRINGIFICATION
15559 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
15565 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
15567 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
15575 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
15583 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
15589 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
15591 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
15595 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15597 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
15601 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
15603 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15605 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
15606 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
15610 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
15616 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
15626 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
15644 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
15646 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
15650 =item OTHER FACILITIES
15656 =item C<flush_cache>
15662 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
15664 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
15672 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15678 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
15687 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
15698 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
15710 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15718 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15726 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
15735 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
15744 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
15752 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
15760 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15766 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15770 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15774 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
15784 =item Enforcing redispatch
15786 =item Avoiding repetitions
15792 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15798 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
15808 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
15811 =item CLASS METHODS
15813 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
15814 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
15815 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
15825 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
15835 requires_firewall HOST
15837 =item NetConfig VALUES
15839 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
15840 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
15841 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
15845 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
15854 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
15862 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
15874 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
15878 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
15879 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
15880 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
15881 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
15882 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
15883 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
15884 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
15885 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
15886 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
15887 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
15888 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
15889 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
15890 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
15894 =item Methods for the adventurous
15900 =item THE dataconn CLASS
15902 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
15903 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
15905 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
15907 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
15909 =item REPORTING BUGS
15917 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
15925 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
15935 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
15939 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
15940 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
15941 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
15942 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
15943 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
15944 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
15945 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
15949 =item Extension methods
15951 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
15952 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
15953 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
15954 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
15963 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
15973 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
15985 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
15989 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
15990 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
15991 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
15992 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
16004 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
16016 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
16017 $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );,
16018 $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [,
16035 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
16047 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
16051 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
16052 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
16053 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
16054 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
16055 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
16056 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
16069 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
16077 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
16078 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
16086 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
16103 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
16111 =item Where to get this document
16113 =item How to contribute to this document
16117 =item Author and Copyright Information
16125 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
16129 =item What is libnet ?
16131 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
16133 =item What other modules do I need ?
16135 =item What machines support libnet ?
16137 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
16141 =item Using Net::FTP
16145 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
16147 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
16149 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
16151 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
16154 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
16156 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
16158 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
16160 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
16162 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
16164 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
16167 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
16169 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
16172 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
16175 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
16179 =item Using Net::SMTP
16183 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
16186 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
16188 =item The verify method always returns true ?
16192 =item Debugging scripts
16196 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
16200 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
16204 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
16221 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
16236 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
16253 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
16261 =item THE .netrc FILE
16263 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
16268 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
16272 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
16282 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
16292 =item IMPLEMENTATION
16300 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
16308 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16314 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16318 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16322 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
16334 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
16336 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
16337 or optag, an operator set (opset)
16339 =item Opcode Functions
16341 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
16342 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
16343 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
16346 =item Manipulating Opsets
16348 =item TO DO (maybe)
16354 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
16356 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
16357 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
16358 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
16367 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
16376 a new namespace, an operator mask
16382 =item RECENT CHANGES
16384 =item Methods in class Safe
16386 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16387 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16388 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16389 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16391 =item Some Safety Issues
16393 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16401 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
16414 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
16428 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
16429 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
16430 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
16431 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
16432 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
16433 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
16434 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
16435 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
16436 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
16437 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
16438 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
16439 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
16440 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
16441 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
16442 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
16443 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
16444 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
16445 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
16446 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
16447 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
16448 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
16449 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
16450 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
16451 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
16452 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
16459 =item POSIX::SigAction
16463 =item POSIX::SigSet
16465 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
16467 =item POSIX::Termios
16469 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
16470 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
16471 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
16472 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
16473 values, c_oflag field values
16477 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
16481 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
16485 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
16539 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
16540 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
16544 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
16553 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw, pop
16557 =item Alternatives to raw
16559 =item Defaults and how to override them
16569 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
16581 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
16591 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
16599 =item EXPECTED METHODS
16601 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
16602 $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]),
16603 $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]), $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]),
16604 $obj->FILENO($fh), $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh),
16605 $obj->FILL($fh), $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh),
16606 $obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh),
16607 $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh),
16614 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
16620 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
16634 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
16640 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
16646 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
16658 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
16659 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
16660 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
16661 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
16662 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
16663 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
16664 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
16665 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
16670 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
16671 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
16672 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
16673 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
16674 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
16675 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
16679 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
16680 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
16692 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
16694 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
16697 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
16699 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
16701 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
16703 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
16705 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
16713 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
16725 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
16727 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
16734 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
16740 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
16742 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
16749 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
16761 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
16771 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
16772 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
16787 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
16800 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
16801 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
16807 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
16831 =item B<was_cutting()>
16837 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
16843 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
16849 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16855 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
16861 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16867 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
16873 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
16879 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16885 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16891 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
16897 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
16903 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16909 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16915 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
16921 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
16927 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16933 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
16939 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
16945 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16951 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16957 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
16963 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
16969 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
16975 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
16981 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
16987 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16993 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
16999 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
17005 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
17017 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
17029 =item OBJECT METHODS
17037 =item Data Accessors
17053 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
17055 B<StartWithNewPage>
17069 =item Subclassed methods
17083 B<interior_sequence>
17099 =item Methods for headings
17107 =item Internal methods
17113 B<_replace_special_chars>
17115 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
17121 B<_clean_latex_commands>
17123 B<_split_delimited>
17139 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
17147 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
17152 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
17153 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
17154 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
17165 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17169 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
17181 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17185 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
17199 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
17207 $list-E<gt>indent()
17215 $list-E<gt>parent()
17221 =item Pod::Hyperlink
17223 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
17227 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
17229 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
17233 $link-E<gt>warning()
17235 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
17241 $link-E<gt>alttext()
17251 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
17257 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
17261 =item Pod::Cache::Item
17263 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
17267 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
17269 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
17271 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
17273 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
17275 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
17277 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
17279 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
17289 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
17301 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
17303 =item PARSING OPTIONS
17305 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
17306 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
17312 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17320 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17326 =item B<verbatim()>
17328 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17334 =item B<textblock()>
17336 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17342 =item B<interior_sequence()>
17348 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17360 =item B<initialize()>
17366 =item B<begin_pod()>
17372 =item B<begin_input()>
17378 =item B<end_input()>
17390 =item B<preprocess_line()>
17396 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
17402 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
17408 =item B<parse_text()>
17410 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
17411 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
17412 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
17418 =item B<interpolate()>
17424 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
17430 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
17436 =item B<parse_from_file()>
17442 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
17448 =item B<errorsub()>
17460 =item B<parseopts()>
17466 =item B<output_file()>
17472 =item B<output_handle()>
17478 =item B<input_file()>
17484 =item B<input_handle()>
17490 =item B<input_streams()>
17496 =item B<top_stream()>
17502 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17508 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
17514 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
17520 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
17528 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
17548 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
17561 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
17563 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
17569 =item OBJECT METHODS
17575 =item B<curr_headings()>
17587 =item B<add_selection()>
17593 =item B<clear_selections()>
17599 =item B<match_section()>
17605 =item B<is_selected()>
17611 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
17617 =item B<podselect()>
17619 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
17625 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17631 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
17637 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
17643 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
17655 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
17663 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
17667 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
17668 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
17669 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
17680 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17684 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
17698 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17702 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
17717 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17721 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
17736 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17740 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
17749 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
17758 =item Recommended Use
17766 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
17770 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
17777 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17781 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
17785 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17789 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
17795 =item OVER AND ITEMS
17797 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
17800 =item FORMATTING CODES
17802 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
17810 =head2 Pod::t::htmlescp, Escape Sequences Test
17818 =head2 Pod::t::htmlview, Test HTML Rendering
17826 =item METHODS =E<gt> OTHER STUFF
17832 foo, bar, baz, C<Black> Cat, Sat S<I<on> the>, MatE<lt>!E<gt>, 1 Cat, 2
17839 =item TESTING FOR AND BEGIN
17841 =item TESTING URLs hyperlinking
17847 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
17855 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17861 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17865 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17869 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
17877 a new namespace, an operator mask
17883 =item RECENT CHANGES
17885 =item Methods in class Safe
17887 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17888 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17889 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17890 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17892 =item Some Safety Issues
17894 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17902 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
17910 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
17911 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
17921 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
17931 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
17941 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
17951 =item The __DATA__ token
17953 =item SelfLoader autoloading
17955 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
17957 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
17959 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
17961 =item Classes and inherited methods.
17965 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
17969 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
17979 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
17987 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
17988 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
17996 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
17997 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
17998 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
17999 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
18000 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
18004 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
18014 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
18018 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
18020 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
18022 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
18024 =item ERROR REPORTING
18032 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
18037 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
18038 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
18046 =item Storable magic
18056 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
18068 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
18082 =item Allowing fall-through
18084 =item Automating fall-through
18086 =item Alternative syntax
18088 =item Higher-order Operations
18104 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
18114 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
18126 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
18127 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18135 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18136 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18137 in 5.004_02), closelog
18147 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
18148 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18156 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18157 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18158 in 5.004_02), closelog
18168 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
18178 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
18179 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
18180 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
18184 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
18194 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18198 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
18214 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
18216 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18218 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18220 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
18228 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18236 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
18244 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
18254 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
18255 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
18263 =item Minimal set of supported functions
18265 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
18266 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
18268 =item Additional supported functions
18270 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
18280 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
18306 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
18310 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18320 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
18340 =item Setting up tests
18356 =item Running tests
18362 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
18364 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
18390 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
18402 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
18406 =item Test Status and Info
18414 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
18438 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
18448 =item The test script output
18450 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
18451 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
18456 =item Configuration variables.
18458 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
18462 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
18489 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
18490 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
18491 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
18492 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
18496 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
18497 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
18498 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
18512 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
18538 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
18548 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
18586 B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
18602 B<_reset_file_state>
18622 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
18632 =item I love it when a plan comes together
18642 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
18682 =item Conditional tests
18688 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
18690 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
18694 =item Comparison functions
18708 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
18718 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18720 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
18733 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
18757 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
18766 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
18774 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
18776 =item Where to start?
18780 =item Test the manual
18782 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
18784 =item Testing lots of values
18786 =item Informative names
18788 =item Skipping tests
18792 =item Testing with taint mode.
18804 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
18816 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
18826 =item General behaviour in list contexts
18830 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
18832 =item A note about prefixes
18834 =item C<extract_delimited>
18836 =item C<extract_bracketed>
18838 =item C<extract_tagged>
18840 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
18841 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
18843 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
18845 =item C<extract_quotelike>
18847 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
18849 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
18851 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
18853 =item C<extract_codeblock>
18855 =item C<extract_multiple>
18857 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
18863 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
18864 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
18865 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
18866 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
18867 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
18868 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
18869 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
18870 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
18871 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
18872 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
18873 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
18874 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
18879 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
18885 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
18900 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
18917 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
18932 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
18948 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
18960 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
18961 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
18962 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
18966 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
18974 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
18982 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18984 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
18990 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
18998 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
19000 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
19004 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
19019 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
19029 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
19037 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
19038 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
19039 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
19040 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
19048 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
19068 =item Option Format
19072 =item Public Methods
19080 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
19084 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
19086 =item Deferred Writing
19090 =item Autodeferring
19098 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
19112 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
19121 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
19122 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
19123 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
19124 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
19126 =item MORE INFORMATION
19128 =item COMPATIBILITY
19132 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
19141 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
19142 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
19144 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
19146 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
19148 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
19150 =item MORE INFORMATION
19154 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
19162 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
19172 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
19190 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
19199 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
19201 =item MORE INFORMATION
19205 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
19217 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
19226 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
19227 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
19228 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
19229 getitimer ( $which )
19245 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
19253 =item IMPLEMENTATION
19259 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
19274 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
19289 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
19301 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
19309 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
19310 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
19314 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
19324 =item Constructor and Tailoring
19326 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
19327 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
19328 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
19330 =item Methods for Collation
19332 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
19333 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
19334 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
19335 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
19336 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
19337 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
19338 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
19339 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
19340 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
19342 =item Other Methods
19344 UCA_Version, Base_Unicode_Version
19360 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/,
19361 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt,
19362 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19363 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18, L<Unicode::Normalize>
19367 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
19377 =item Normalization Forms
19379 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
19380 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
19381 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
19383 =item Decomposition and Composition
19385 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
19386 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
19387 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
19391 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
19392 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
19393 check($form_name, $string)>
19395 =item Character Data
19397 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
19398 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
19399 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
19400 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
19401 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
19402 C<$is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
19403 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
19413 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19414 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
19418 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
19460 =item Blocks versus Scripts
19462 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
19464 =item Code Point Arguments
19490 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
19496 =item Implementation Note
19508 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
19523 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
19534 =item System Specifics
19548 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
19556 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
19558 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
19559 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
19560 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
19561 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
19562 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
19563 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
19564 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
19565 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
19566 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
19567 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
19568 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
19569 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
19570 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
19571 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
19572 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
19573 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
19574 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
19580 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
19592 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
19594 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
19595 don't all have manual pages yet:
19621 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles