4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
22 modularity and reusability using innumerable modules, embeddable and
23 extensible, roll-your-own magic variables (including multiple simultaneous
24 DBM implementations), subroutines can now be overridden, autoloaded, and
25 prototyped, arbitrarily nested data structures and anonymous functions,
26 object-oriented programming, compilability into C code or Perl bytecode,
27 support for light-weight processes (threads), support for
28 internationalization, localization, and Unicode, lexical scoping, regular
29 expression enhancements, enhanced debugger and interactive Perl
30 environment, with integrated editor support, POSIX 1003.1 compliant library
50 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
57 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
58 About Perl, What is Perl?, Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it
59 free?, Which version of Perl should I use?, What are perl4 and perl5?, What
60 is perl6?, How stable is Perl?, Is Perl difficult to learn?, How does Perl
61 compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?, Can
62 I do [task] in Perl?, When shouldn't I program in Perl?, What's the
63 difference between "perl" and "Perl"?, Is it a Perl program or a Perl
64 script?, What is a JAPH?, Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?,
65 How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
66 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and
67 Learning about Perl, What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?, How
68 can I get a binary version of Perl?, I don't have a C compiler on my
69 system. How can I compile perl?, I copied the Perl binary from one machine
70 to another, but scripts don't work, I grabbed the sources and tried to
71 compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make
72 it work?, What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is
73 CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?, Is there an ISO or ANSI certified
74 version of Perl?, Where can I get information on Perl?, What are the Perl
75 newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?, Where should I post
76 source code?, Perl Books, Perl in Magazines, Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW
77 Access, What mailing lists are there for Perl?, Archives of
78 comp.lang.perl.misc, Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?, Where
79 do I send bug reports?, What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?,
80 L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools, How do I do (anything)?, How can I use Perl
81 interactively?, Is there a Perl shell?, How do I debug my Perl programs?,
82 How do I profile my Perl programs?, How do I cross-reference my Perl
83 programs?, Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?, Is there a
84 ctags for Perl?, Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?, Where can I get
85 Perl macros for vi?, Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?, How can I use
86 curses with Perl?, How can I use X or Tk with Perl?, How can I generate
87 simple menus without using CGI or Tk?, What is undump?, How can I make my
88 Perl program run faster?, How can I make my Perl program take less memory?,
89 Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?, How can I free an array or
90 hash so my program shrinks?, How can I make my CGI script more efficient?,
91 How can I hide the source for my Perl program?, How can I compile my Perl
92 program into byte code or C?, How can I compile Perl into Java?, How can I
93 get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?, Can I write useful Perl programs
94 on the command line?, Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS
95 system?, Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?, Where can
96 I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?, Where can I learn about
97 linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp], I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc.,
98 but I can't embed perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong?, When I
99 tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?, What's
100 MakeMaker?, L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, Why am I getting long decimals
101 (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg,
102 19.95)?, Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?, Does Perl have a
103 round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?, How do
104 I convert bits into ints?, Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?, How do
105 I multiply matrices?, How do I perform an operation on a series of
106 integers?, How can I output Roman numerals?, Why aren't my random numbers
107 random?, How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?, How do I find
108 the current century or millennium?, How can I compare two dates and find
109 the difference?, How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?,
110 How can I find the Julian Day?, How do I find yesterday's date?, Does Perl
111 have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?, How do I validate
112 input?, How do I unescape a string?, How do I remove consecutive pairs of
113 characters?, How do I expand function calls in a string?, How do I find
114 matching/nesting anything?, How do I reverse a string?, How do I expand
115 tabs in a string?, How do I reformat a paragraph?, How can I access/change
116 the first N letters of a string?, How do I change the Nth occurrence of
117 something?, How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within
118 a string?, How do I capitalize all the words on one line?, How can I split
119 a [character] delimited string except when inside [character]?
120 (Comma-separated files), How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end
121 of a string?, How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with
122 zeroes?, How do I extract selected columns from a string?, How do I find
123 the soundex value of a string?, How can I expand variables in text
124 strings?, What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?, Why don't my <<HERE
125 documents work?, What is the difference between a list and an array?, What
126 is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?, How can I remove
127 duplicate elements from a list or array?, How can I tell whether a list or
128 array contains a certain element?, How do I compute the difference of two
129 arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays?, How do I test
130 whether two arrays or hashes are equal?, How do I find the first array
131 element for which a condition is true?, How do I handle linked lists?, How
132 do I handle circular lists?, How do I shuffle an array randomly?, How do I
133 process/modify each element of an array?, How do I select a random element
134 from an array?, How do I permute N elements of a list?, How do I sort an
135 array by (anything)?, How do I manipulate arrays of bits?, Why does
136 defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?, How do I process an
137 entire hash?, What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while
138 iterating over it?, How do I look up a hash element by value?, How can I
139 know how many entries are in a hash?, How do I sort a hash (optionally by
140 value instead of key)?, How can I always keep my hash sorted?, What's the
141 difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?, Why don't my tied
142 hashes make the defined/exists distinction?, How do I reset an each()
143 operation part-way through?, How can I get the unique keys from two
144 hashes?, How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?, How can I
145 make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?, Why does passing a
146 subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it?, How can I make the
147 Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or
148 arrays?, How can I use a reference as a hash key?, How do I handle binary
149 data correctly?, How do I determine whether a scalar is a
150 number/whole/integer/float?, How do I keep persistent data across program
151 calls?, How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?, How do I
152 define methods for every class/object?, How do I verify a credit card
153 checksum?, How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?,
154 L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats, How do I flush/unbuffer an output
155 filehandle? Why must I do this?, How do I change one line in a file/delete
156 a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the
157 beginning of a file?, How do I count the number of lines in a file?, How do
158 I make a temporary file name?, How can I manipulate fixed-record-length
159 files?, How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
160 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?,
161 How can I use a filehandle indirectly?, How can I set up a footer format to
162 be used with write()?, How can I write() into a string?, How can I output
163 my numbers with commas added?, How can I translate tildes (~) in a
164 filename?, How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?, Why do
165 I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?, Is there a
166 leak/bug in glob()?, How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing
167 blanks?, How can I reliably rename a file?, How can I lock a file?, Why
168 can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?, I still don't get locking. I just
169 want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?, How do I
170 randomly update a binary file?, How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?,
171 How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print to more than one
172 file at once?, How can I read in an entire file all at once?, How can I
173 read in a file by paragraphs?, How can I read a single character from a
174 file? From the keyboard?, How can I tell whether there's a character
175 waiting on a filehandle?, How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?, How do I dup()
176 a filehandle in Perl?, How do I close a file descriptor by number?, Why
177 can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe`
178 work?, Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?, Why does Perl let me
179 delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber protected files? Isn't
180 this a bug in Perl?, How do I select a random line from a file?, Why do I
181 get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, How
182 can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and
183 unmaintainable code?, I'm having trouble matching over more than one line.
184 What's wrong?, How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are
185 themselves on different lines?, I put a regular expression into $/ but it
186 didn't work. What's wrong?, How do I substitute case insensitively on the
187 LHS while preserving case on the RHS?, How can I make C<\w> match national
188 character sets?, How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?,
189 How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?, What is C</o> really for?,
190 How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?,
191 Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?, What does it
192 mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?, How do I process
193 each word on each line?, How can I print out a word-frequency or
194 line-frequency summary?, How can I do approximate matching?, How do I
195 efficiently match many regular expressions at once?, Why don't
196 word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?, Why does using $&, $`, or
197 $' slow my program down?, What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?, Are
198 Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?, What's wrong with
199 using grep or map in a void context?, How can I match strings with
200 multibyte characters?, How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the
201 user?, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues, Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE
202 for the Perl language?, What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how
203 do I know when to use them?, Do I always/never have to quote my strings or
204 use semicolons and commas?, How do I skip some return values?, How do I
205 temporarily block warnings?, What's an extension?, Why do Perl operators
206 have different precedence than C operators?, How do I declare/create a
207 structure?, How do I create a module?, How do I create a class?, How can I
208 tell if a variable is tainted?, What's a closure?, What is variable suicide
209 and how can I prevent it?, How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle,
210 Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?, How do I create a static variable?, What's
211 the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between
212 local() and my()?, How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly
213 named lexical is in scope?, What's the difference between deep and shallow
214 binding?, Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?, How do I redefine a
215 builtin function, operator, or method?, What's the difference between
216 calling a function as &foo and foo()?, How do I create a switch or case
217 statement?, How can I catch accesses to undefined
218 variables/functions/methods?, Why can't a method included in this same file
219 be found?, How can I find out my current package?, How can I comment out a
220 large block of perl code?, How do I clear a package?, How can I use a
221 variable as a variable name?, L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, How do I
222 find out which operating system I'm running under?, How come exec() doesn't
223 return?, How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?, How do I
224 print something out in color?, How do I read just one key without waiting
225 for a return key?, How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?,
226 How do I clear the screen?, How do I get the screen size?, How do I ask the
227 user for a password?, How do I read and write the serial port?, How do I
228 decode encrypted password files?, How do I start a process in the
229 background?, How do I trap control characters/signals?, How do I modify the
230 shadow password file on a Unix system?, How do I set the time and date?,
231 How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?, How can I measure time
232 under a second?, How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception
233 handling), Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)?
234 What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?, How can I call
235 my system's unique C functions from Perl?, Where do I get the include files
236 to do ioctl() or syscall()?, Why do setuid perl scripts complain about
237 kernel problems?, How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?, Why
238 can't I get the output of a command with system()?, How can I capture
239 STDERR from an external command?, Why doesn't open() return an error when a
240 pipe open fails?, What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?, How
241 can I call backticks without shell processing?, Why can't my script read
242 from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?, How can I
243 convert my shell script to perl?, Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp
244 session?, How can I write expect in Perl?, Is there a way to hide perl's
245 command line from programs such as "ps"?, I {changed directory, modified my
246 environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I
247 exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?, How do I close
248 a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?, How do I fork a
249 daemon process?, How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?,
250 How do I timeout a slow event?, How do I set CPU limits?, How do I avoid
251 zombies on a Unix system?, How do I use an SQL database?, How do I make a
252 system() exit on control-C?, How do I open a file without blocking?, How do
253 I install a module from CPAN?, What's the difference between require and
254 use?, How do I keep my own module/library directory?, How do I add the
255 directory my program lives in to the module/library search path?, How do I
256 add a directory to my include path at runtime?, What is socket.ph and where
257 do I get it?, L<perlfaq9>: Networking, My CGI script runs from the command
258 line but not the browser. (500 Server Error), How can I get better error
259 messages from a CGI program?, How do I remove HTML from a string?, How do I
260 extract URLs?, How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I
261 open a file on another machine?, How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?, How
262 do I fetch an HTML file?, How do I automate an HTML form submission?, How
263 do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?, How do I redirect to
264 another page?, How do I put a password on my web pages?, How do I edit my
265 .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?, How do I make sure users can't
266 enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?, How do
267 I parse a mail header?, How do I decode a CGI form?, How do I check a valid
268 mail address?, How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?, How do I return the
269 user's mail address?, How do I send mail?, How do I read mail?, How do I
270 find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?, How do I fetch a news article
271 or the active newsgroups?, How do I fetch/put an FTP file?, How can I do
276 =item Where to get this document
278 =item How to contribute to this document
280 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
287 =item Author and Copyright Information
291 =item Bundled Distributions
299 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
300 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
301 Initial Release: 11/March/97
305 =head2 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
311 =item BASIC DOCUMENTATION
315 =item perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
317 SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, AVAILABILITY, ENVIRONMENT, AUTHOR, FILES, SEE ALSO,
318 DIAGNOSTICS, BUGS, NOTES
320 =item perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
329 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
337 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
347 =item Simple statements
349 =item Compound statements
357 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
361 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
363 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
369 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
383 =item Scalar value constructors
385 =item List value constructors
389 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
397 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
407 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
409 =item The Arrow Operator
411 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
415 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
417 =item Binding Operators
419 =item Multiplicative Operators
421 =item Additive Operators
423 =item Shift Operators
425 =item Named Unary Operators
427 =item Relational Operators
429 =item Equality Operators
433 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
435 =item C-style Logical And
437 =item C-style Logical Or
439 =item Range Operators
441 =item Conditional Operator
443 =item Assignment Operators
447 =item List Operators (Rightward)
453 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
455 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
457 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
459 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
461 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
463 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
464 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
465 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
466 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
468 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
470 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
471 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
472 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
473 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
478 =item Constant Folding
480 =item Bitwise String Operators
482 =item Integer Arithmetic
484 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
492 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
502 =item Private Variables via my()
504 =item Persistent Private Variables
506 =item Temporary Values via local()
508 =item Lvalue subroutines
510 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
512 =item When to Still Use local()
514 1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2.
515 You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3.
516 You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash
518 =item Pass by Reference
522 =item Constant Functions
524 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
528 =item Subroutine Attributes
536 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
544 =item Perl Functions by Category
546 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
547 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
548 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
549 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
550 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
551 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
552 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
553 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
554 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
555 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
560 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
562 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
563 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
564 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
565 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
566 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
567 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
568 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
569 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
570 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
571 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
572 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
573 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
574 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
575 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
576 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
577 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
578 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
579 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
580 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
581 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
582 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
583 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
584 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
585 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
586 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
587 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
588 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
589 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
590 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
591 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
592 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
593 FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
594 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
595 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
596 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
597 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
598 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
599 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
600 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
601 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
602 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
603 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
604 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
605 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
606 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
607 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
608 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
609 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
610 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
611 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
612 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
613 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
614 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
615 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
616 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
617 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
618 study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr
619 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
620 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
621 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
622 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
623 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
624 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
625 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
626 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
627 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
628 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
629 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
630 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
631 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
632 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
638 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
644 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
652 =item Making References
654 =item Using References
672 =item Distribution Conditions
678 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
684 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
685 more elaborate constructs
689 =item COMMON MISTAKES
691 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
693 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
699 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
703 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
705 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
707 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
711 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
715 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
717 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
719 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
723 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
727 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
729 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
731 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
735 =item HASHES OF HASHES
739 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
741 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
743 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
747 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
751 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
753 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
755 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
767 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
777 =item Simple word matching
779 =item Using character classes
781 \d is a digit and represents [0-9], \s is a whitespace character and
782 represents [\ \t\r\n\f], \w is a word character (alphanumeric or _) and
783 represents [0-9a-zA-Z_], \D is a negated \d; it represents any character
784 but a digit [^0-9], \S is a negated \s; it represents any non-whitespace
785 character [^\s], \W is a negated \w; it represents any non-word character
786 [^\w], The period '.' matches any character but "\n"
788 =item Matching this or that
790 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
792 =item Extracting matches
794 =item Matching repetitions
796 C<a?> = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C<a*> = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e.,
797 any number of times, C<a+> = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least
798 once, C<a{n,m}> = match at least C<n> times, but not more than C<m> times,
799 C<a{n,}> = match at least C<n> or more times, C<a{n}> = match exactly C<n>
804 =item Search and replace
806 =item The split operator
814 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
818 =item Acknowledgments
824 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
832 =item Verbatim Paragraph
834 =item Command Paragraph
836 =item Ordinary Block of Text
840 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
842 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
852 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
860 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
878 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
880 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
881 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
882 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
883 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
885 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
887 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
888 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
889 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
893 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
895 =item Numerical Traps
897 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
899 =item General data type traps
901 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
902 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
904 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
906 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
908 =item Precedence Traps
910 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
913 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
915 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
916 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
919 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
921 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
927 =item Interpolation Traps
929 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
930 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
936 =item Unclassified Traps
938 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
945 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
955 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
957 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
959 =item Location of Perl
961 =item Command Switches
963 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
964 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
965 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
966 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
967 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
968 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
975 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
976 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
977 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
981 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
989 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
997 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
999 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
1001 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
1005 =item Backward Compatibility
1007 =item Category Hierarchy
1009 =item Fatal Warnings
1011 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
1023 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
1031 =item Looking at data and -w and w
1035 =item Stepping through code
1037 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
1039 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
1057 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
1063 =item The Perl Debugger
1067 =item Debugger Commands
1069 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
1070 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
1071 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
1072 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
1073 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
1074 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
1075 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
1076 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
1077 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
1079 =item Configurable Options
1081 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
1082 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
1083 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
1084 C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
1085 C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
1086 C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
1088 =item Debugger input/output
1090 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
1093 =item Debugging compile-time statements
1095 =item Debugger Customization
1097 =item Readline Support
1099 =item Editor Support for Debugging
1101 =item The Perl Profiler
1105 =item Debugging regular expressions
1107 =item Debugging memory usage
1115 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1123 =item Predefined Names
1125 $ARG, $_, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1126 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1127 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1128 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1129 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
1130 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
1131 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
1132 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
1133 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
1134 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
1135 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
1136 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
1137 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
1138 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
1139 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
1140 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
1141 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1142 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1143 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1144 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1145 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1146 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1147 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
1148 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
1149 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1150 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1151 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
1152 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC,
1153 %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1155 =item Error Indicators
1157 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1165 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1171 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1173 =item Growing Your Own
1175 =item Access and Printing
1185 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1191 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1199 =item The Minus File
1201 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1207 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1211 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1215 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1219 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1221 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1223 =item Paths as Opens
1225 =item Single Argument Open
1227 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1231 =item Other I/O Issues
1235 =item Opening Non-File Files
1245 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1251 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1257 =item Part 1: The basics
1261 =item Simple word matching
1263 =item Using character classes
1265 \d is a digit and represents [0-9], \s is a whitespace character and
1266 represents [\ \t\r\n\f], \w is a word character (alphanumeric or _) and
1267 represents [0-9a-zA-Z_], \D is a negated \d; it represents any character
1268 but a digit [^0-9], \S is a negated \s; it represents any non-whitespace
1269 character [^\s], \W is a negated \w; it represents any non-word character
1270 [^\w], The period '.' matches any character but "\n", no modifiers (//):
1271 Default behavior. C<'.'> matches any character except C<"\n">. C<^>
1272 matches only at the beginning of the string and C<$> matches only at the
1273 end or before a newline at the end, s modifier (//s): Treat string as a
1274 single long line. C<'.'> matches any character, even C<"\n">. C<^>
1275 matches only at the beginning of the string and C<$> matches only at the
1276 end or before a newline at the end, m modifier (//m): Treat string as a set
1277 of multiple lines. C<'.'> matches any character except C<"\n">. C<^> and
1278 C<$> are able to match at the start or end of I<any> line within the
1279 string, both s and m modifiers (//sm): Treat string as a single long line,
1280 but detect multiple lines. C<'.'> matches any character, even C<"\n">.
1281 C<^> and C<$>, however, are able to match at the start or end of I<any>
1282 line within the string
1284 =item Matching this or that
1286 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1288 0 Start with the first letter in the string 'a', 1 Try the first
1289 alternative in the first group 'abd', 2 Match 'a' followed by 'b'. So far
1290 so good, 3 'd' in the regexp doesn't match 'c' in the string - a dead end.
1291 So backtrack two characters and pick the second alternative in the first
1292 group 'abc', 4 Match 'a' followed by 'b' followed by 'c'. We are on a roll
1293 and have satisfied the first group. Set $1 to 'abc', 5 Move on to the
1294 second group and pick the first alternative 'df', 6 Match the 'd', 7 'f' in
1295 the regexp doesn't match 'e' in the string, so a dead end. Backtrack one
1296 character and pick the second alternative in the second group 'd', 8 'd'
1297 matches. The second grouping is satisfied, so set $2 to 'd', 9 We are at
1298 the end of the regexp, so we are done! We have matched 'abcd' out of the
1301 =item Extracting matches
1303 =item Matching repetitions
1305 C<a?> = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C<a*> = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e.,
1306 any number of times, C<a+> = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least
1307 once, C<a{n,m}> = match at least C<n> times, but not more than C<m> times,
1308 C<a{n,}> = match at least C<n> or more times, C<a{n}> = match exactly C<n>
1309 times, Principle 0: Taken as a whole, any regexp will be matched at the
1310 earliest possible position in the string, Principle 1: In an alternation
1311 C<a|b|c...>, the leftmost alternative that allows a match for the whole
1312 regexp will be the one used, Principle 2: The maximal matching quantifiers
1313 C<?>, C<*>, C<+> and C<{n,m}> will in general match as much of the string
1314 as possible while still allowing the whole regexp to match, Principle 3: If
1315 there are two or more elements in a regexp, the leftmost greedy quantifier,
1316 if any, will match as much of the string as possible while still allowing
1317 the whole regexp to match. The next leftmost greedy quantifier, if any,
1318 will try to match as much of the string remaining available to it as
1319 possible, while still allowing the whole regexp to match. And so on, until
1320 all the regexp elements are satisfied, C<a??> = match 'a' 0 or 1 times. Try
1321 0 first, then 1, C<a*?> = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e., any number of
1322 times, but as few times as possible, C<a+?> = match 'a' 1 or more times,
1323 i.e., at least once, but as few times as possible, C<a{n,m}?> = match at
1324 least C<n> times, not more than C<m> times, as few times as possible,
1325 C<a{n,}?> = match at least C<n> times, but as few times as possible,
1326 C<a{n}?> = match exactly C<n> times. Because we match exactly C<n> times,
1327 C<a{n}?> is equivalent to C<a{n}> and is just there for notational
1328 consistency, Principle 3: If there are two or more elements in a regexp,
1329 the leftmost greedy (non-greedy) quantifier, if any, will match as much
1330 (little) of the string as possible while still allowing the whole regexp to
1331 match. The next leftmost greedy (non-greedy) quantifier, if any, will try
1332 to match as much (little) of the string remaining available to it as
1333 possible, while still allowing the whole regexp to match. And so on, until
1334 all the regexp elements are satisfied, 0 Start with the first letter in the
1335 string 't', 1 The first quantifier '.*' starts out by matching the whole
1336 string 'the cat in the hat', 2 'a' in the regexp element 'at' doesn't match
1337 the end of the string. Backtrack one character, 3 'a' in the regexp
1338 element 'at' still doesn't match the last letter of the string 't', so
1339 backtrack one more character, 4 Now we can match the 'a' and the 't', 5
1340 Move on to the third element '.*'. Since we are at the end of the string
1341 and '.*' can match 0 times, assign it the empty string, 6 We are done!
1343 =item Building a regexp
1345 specifying the task in detail,, breaking down the problem into smaller
1346 parts,, translating the small parts into regexps,, combining the regexps,,
1347 and optimizing the final combined regexp
1349 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1353 =item Part 2: Power tools
1357 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1359 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1361 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1363 =item Non-capturing groupings
1365 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1367 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1369 =item Conditional expressions
1371 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1373 =item Pragmas and debugging
1381 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1385 =item Acknowledgments
1391 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1401 =item Regular Expressions
1403 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1405 =item Extended Patterns
1407 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1408 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1409 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1410 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1414 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1416 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1418 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1420 =item Combining pieces together
1422 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1423 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1424 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1425 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1427 =item Creating custom RE engines
1437 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1447 =item Making References
1449 =item Using References
1451 =item Symbolic references
1453 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1455 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1457 =item Function Templates
1467 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1475 =item Format Variables
1485 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1493 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1501 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1503 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1505 =item Invoking a barnyard
1507 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1509 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1511 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1513 =item A few notes about @ISA
1515 =item Overriding the methods
1517 =item Starting the search from a different place
1519 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1521 =item Where we're at so far...
1523 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1525 =item Invoking an instance method
1527 =item Accessing the instance data
1529 =item How to build a horse
1531 =item Inheriting the constructor
1533 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1535 =item Adding parameters to a method
1537 =item More interesting instances
1539 =item A horse of a different color
1551 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1557 =item Creating a Class
1561 =item Object Representation
1563 =item Class Interface
1565 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1567 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1571 =item Other Object Methods
1579 =item Accessing Class Data
1581 =item Debugging Methods
1583 =item Class Destructors
1585 =item Documenting the Interface
1595 =item Overridden Methods
1597 =item Multiple Inheritance
1599 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1603 =item Alternate Object Representations
1607 =item Arrays as Objects
1609 =item Closures as Objects
1613 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1617 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1619 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1623 =item Metaclassical Tools
1629 =item Data Members as Variables
1637 =item Object Terminology
1643 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1649 =item Acknowledgments
1655 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1661 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1665 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1667 =item Inheritance Concerns
1669 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1671 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1673 =item Monadic Classes
1675 =item Translucent Attributes
1679 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1683 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1685 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1687 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1689 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1691 =item Translucency Revisited
1699 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1701 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1707 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1715 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1717 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1719 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1721 =item Method Invocation
1725 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1727 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1733 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1741 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1747 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1749 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1751 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1753 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1755 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1757 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1759 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1761 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1763 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1765 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1771 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1783 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1788 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1789 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1790 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1791 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1796 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1797 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1798 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1800 =item Tying FileHandles
1802 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1803 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1808 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1820 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1821 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1837 =item Using open() for IPC
1843 =item Background Processes
1845 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1847 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1849 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1851 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1855 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1859 =item Internet Line Terminators
1861 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1863 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1867 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1871 =item A Simple Client
1873 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1875 =item A Webget Client
1877 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1881 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1883 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1885 =item UDP: Message Passing
1899 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1909 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1911 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1912 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1913 files, directories and network sockets
1915 =item Resource limits
1917 =item Killing the parent process
1919 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1921 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1923 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1924 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1925 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1937 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1945 =item Storing numbers
1947 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1949 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1951 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1952 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1953 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1962 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1968 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1970 =item Threaded Program Models
1982 =item Native threads
1984 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1986 =item Threadsafe Modules
1992 =item Basic Thread Support
1994 =item Creating Threads
1996 =item Giving up control
1998 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2000 =item Errors In Threads
2002 =item Ignoring A Thread
2006 =item Threads And Data
2010 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2012 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2014 =item Controlling access: lock()
2016 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2018 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2022 =item Threads And Code
2026 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2028 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
2030 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
2032 =item Subroutine Locks
2036 =item Locking A Subroutine
2040 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2044 =item What Thread Am I In?
2048 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2050 =item What Threads Are Running?
2054 =item A Complete Example
2062 =item Introductory Texts
2064 =item OS-Related References
2066 =item Other References
2070 =item Acknowledgements
2078 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2084 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2093 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2095 =item Files and Filesystems
2097 =item System Interaction
2099 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2101 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2103 =item Standard Modules
2107 =item Character sets and character encoding
2109 =item Internationalisation
2111 =item System Resources
2121 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2122 http://testers.cpan.org/
2130 =item DOS and Derivatives
2132 Build instructions for OS/2, L<perlos2>
2140 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2148 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2152 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2154 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2155 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2156 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2157 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
2158 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
2159 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
2160 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
2161 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
2162 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
2163 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
2164 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
2165 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
2166 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
2167 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
2168 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
2169 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
2170 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2171 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2172 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2173 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair
2174 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat,
2175 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2176 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2177 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2178 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2184 v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999,
2185 v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May
2186 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December
2187 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August
2188 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998,
2191 =item Supported Platforms
2195 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2201 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2208 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2214 =item The use locale pragma
2216 =item The setlocale function
2218 =item Finding locales
2220 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2222 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2224 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2226 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2228 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2230 =item The localeconv function
2234 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2238 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2240 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2242 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2244 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2248 =item Other categories
2254 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
2255 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>),
2256 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
2257 B<Output formatting functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping
2258 functions> (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent
2259 functions> (localeconv(), strcoll(), strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX
2260 character class tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(), isgraph(),
2261 islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), isxdigit()):
2265 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2266 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2272 =item Backward compatibility
2274 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2276 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2278 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2280 =item Freely available locale definitions
2284 =item An imperfect standard
2292 =item Broken systems
2302 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2310 =item Important Caveat
2312 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2313 to enable a few features
2315 =item Byte and Character semantics
2317 =item Effects of character semantics
2319 =item Character encodings for input and output
2329 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2335 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2343 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2347 =item 13 variant characters
2357 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2359 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4
2361 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2375 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2377 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2379 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2381 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2389 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2391 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2393 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2395 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2399 =item TRANFORMATION FORMATS
2403 =item URL decoding and encoding
2405 =item uu encoding and decoding
2407 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2409 =item Caesarian cyphers
2413 =item Hashing order and checksums
2417 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2429 chcp, dataset access, OS/390 iconv, locales
2447 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2455 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2457 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2459 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2463 =item Protecting Your Programs
2471 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2483 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2495 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2501 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2505 =item Pragmatic Modules
2507 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2508 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2509 perlio, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings, warnings::register
2511 =item Standard Modules
2513 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
2514 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
2515 B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark,
2516 ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast,
2517 CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox,
2518 Carp, Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle,
2519 Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2520 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed,
2521 ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
2522 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2523 ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
2524 ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl,
2525 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob,
2526 File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc,
2527 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2528 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
2529 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
2530 I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2531 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent,
2532 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find,
2533 Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils,
2534 Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2535 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver,
2536 SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
2537 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev,
2538 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
2539 Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
2540 Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent,
2543 =item Extension Modules
2549 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
2550 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
2551 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
2552 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
2553 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
2554 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
2555 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
2556 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
2557 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
2558 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
2559 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
2560 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
2561 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe,
2562 North America, South America
2564 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2568 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2570 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
2571 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
2572 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
2573 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
2574 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
2575 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
2576 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
2577 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
2578 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
2579 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
2580 care when changing a released module
2582 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2584 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
2585 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
2586 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
2587 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
2589 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2591 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
2592 applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the
2593 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
2594 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
2595 can then be reduced to a small
2603 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2613 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2614 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2628 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2638 =item What should I make into a module?
2640 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2642 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2644 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2646 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2647 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2648 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2650 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2652 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2653 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2663 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2664 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2674 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2676 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2678 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2680 =item What is perl6?
2682 =item How stable is Perl?
2684 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2686 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2689 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2691 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2693 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2695 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2697 =item What is a JAPH?
2699 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2701 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2702 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2706 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2710 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2711 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2719 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2721 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2723 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2725 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2728 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2729 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2731 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2732 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2734 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2736 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2738 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2740 =item Where should I post source code?
2744 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2746 =item Perl in Magazines
2748 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2750 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2752 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2754 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2756 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2758 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2762 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2766 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2775 =item How do I do (anything)?
2777 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2779 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2781 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2783 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2785 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2787 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2789 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2791 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2793 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2795 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2797 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2799 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2801 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2803 =item What is undump?
2805 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2807 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2809 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2811 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2813 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2815 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2817 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2819 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2821 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2823 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2825 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2827 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2829 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2831 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2833 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2834 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2836 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2839 =item What's MakeMaker?
2843 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2847 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2858 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2859 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2861 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2863 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2866 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2868 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2870 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2872 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2874 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2876 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2884 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2886 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2888 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2890 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2892 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2894 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2896 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2904 =item How do I validate input?
2906 =item How do I unescape a string?
2908 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2910 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2912 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2914 =item How do I reverse a string?
2916 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2918 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2920 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2922 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2924 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2927 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2929 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2930 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2932 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2934 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2936 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2938 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2940 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2942 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2944 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2946 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2947 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2956 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2958 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2960 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2962 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted: (this assumes all true
2963 values in the array), b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like
2964 (b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any
2965 loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive
2968 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
2970 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2971 intersection of two arrays?
2973 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2975 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2977 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2979 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2981 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2983 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2985 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2987 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2989 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2991 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2993 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2997 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3001 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3003 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3006 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3008 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3010 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3012 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3014 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3016 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3018 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3020 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3022 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3024 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3026 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3029 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3030 array of hashes or arrays?
3032 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3040 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3042 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3044 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3046 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3048 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3050 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3052 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3056 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3060 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
3069 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3071 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3072 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3074 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3076 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3078 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3080 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3081 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3083 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3085 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3087 =item How can I write() into a string?
3089 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3091 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3093 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3095 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3097 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3099 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3101 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3103 =item How can I lock a file?
3105 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3107 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3108 the file. How can I do this?
3110 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3112 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3114 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3116 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3118 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3120 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3122 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3124 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3126 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3128 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3130 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3132 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
3133 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3135 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3137 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3138 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3140 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3142 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3146 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3150 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
3158 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3159 and unmaintainable code?
3161 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3163 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3165 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3168 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3170 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3173 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3175 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3177 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3179 =item What is C</o> really for?
3181 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3184 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3186 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3188 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3190 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3192 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3194 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3196 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3198 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3200 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3202 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3204 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3206 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3208 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3212 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3216 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
3217 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
3225 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3227 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3230 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3233 =item How do I skip some return values?
3235 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3237 =item What's an extension?
3239 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3241 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3243 =item How do I create a module?
3245 =item How do I create a class?
3247 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3249 =item What's a closure?
3251 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3253 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3256 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3259 =item How do I create a static variable?
3261 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3262 Between local() and my()?
3264 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3267 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3269 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3271 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3273 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3275 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3277 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3279 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3281 =item How can I find out my current package?
3283 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3285 =item How do I clear a package?
3287 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3291 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3295 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
3304 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3306 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3308 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3310 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3312 =item How do I print something out in color?
3314 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3316 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3318 =item How do I clear the screen?
3320 =item How do I get the screen size?
3322 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3324 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3326 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3328 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3330 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3332 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3334 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3336 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3338 =item How do I set the time and date?
3340 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3342 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3344 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3346 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3347 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3349 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3351 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3353 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3355 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3357 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3359 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3361 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3363 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3365 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3367 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3370 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3372 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3374 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3376 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3379 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3380 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3381 changes to be visible?
3385 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3388 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3390 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3392 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3394 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3396 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3398 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3400 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3402 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3404 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3406 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3408 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3410 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3413 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3415 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3419 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3423 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3432 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3435 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3437 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3439 =item How do I extract URLs?
3441 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3442 file on another machine?
3444 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3446 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3448 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3450 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3452 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3454 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3456 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3458 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3459 CGI script to do bad things?
3461 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3463 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3465 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3467 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3469 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3471 =item How do I send mail?
3473 =item How do I read mail?
3475 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3477 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3479 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3481 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3485 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3489 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3499 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3503 =item Using The Back Ends
3507 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3511 =item The Decompiling Back End
3513 =item The Lint Back End
3515 =item The Simple C Back End
3517 =item The Bytecode Back End
3519 =item The Optimized C Back End
3521 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3522 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3523 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3527 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3533 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3543 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3544 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3548 Compiling your C program, Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program,
3549 Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program, Evaluating a Perl statement
3550 from your C program, Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from
3551 your C program, Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program,
3552 Maintaining a persistent interpreter, Maintaining multiple interpreter
3553 instances, Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your
3554 C program, Embedding Perl under Win32
3556 =item Compiling your C program
3558 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3560 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3562 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3564 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3566 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3568 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3570 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3572 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3577 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3587 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3593 =item Debugger Internals
3597 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3601 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3603 =item Debugging regular expressions
3607 =item Compile-time output
3609 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3610 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3611 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3614 =item Types of nodes
3616 =item Run-time output
3620 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3624 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3626 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3627 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3630 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3632 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3634 =item B<-DL> details
3638 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3646 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3658 =item Version caveat
3660 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3672 =item What has gone on?
3674 =item Writing good test scripts
3678 =item What's new here?
3680 =item Input and Output Parameters
3682 =item The XSUBPP Program
3684 =item The TYPEMAP file
3686 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3690 =item What has happened here?
3692 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3694 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3696 =item More about XSUB arguments
3698 =item The Argument Stack
3700 =item Extending your Extension
3702 =item Documenting your Extension
3704 =item Installing your Extension
3708 =item New Things in this Example
3712 =item New Things in this Example
3714 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3716 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3718 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3720 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3736 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3748 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3750 =item The Argument Stack
3752 =item The RETVAL Variable
3754 =item The MODULE Keyword
3756 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3758 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3760 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3762 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3764 =item The CODE: Keyword
3766 =item The INIT: Keyword
3768 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3770 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3772 =item Default Parameter Values
3774 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3776 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3778 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3780 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3782 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3784 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3786 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3788 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3790 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3792 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3794 =item The POST_CALL: Keyword
3796 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3798 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3800 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3802 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3804 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3806 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3808 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3810 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3812 =item The CASE: Keyword
3814 =item The & Unary Operator
3816 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3818 =item Using XS With C++
3820 =item Interface Strategy
3822 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3836 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3848 =item What is an "IV"?
3850 =item Working with SVs
3854 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3856 =item Working with AVs
3858 =item Working with HVs
3860 =item Hash API Extensions
3864 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3866 =item Creating New Variables
3868 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3870 =item Stashes and Globs
3872 =item Double-Typed SVs
3874 =item Magic Variables
3876 =item Assigning Magic
3878 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3882 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3884 =item Localizing changes
3886 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3887 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP
3888 *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char
3889 *key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void
3890 *p)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>,
3891 C<SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV
3892 *gv)>, C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32
3893 maxsarg)>, C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>,
3894 C<void save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3902 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3904 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3906 =item Memory Allocation
3910 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3914 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3924 =item Examining the tree
3926 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3928 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3930 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3932 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3936 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3938 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3942 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3944 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3946 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3950 =item Internal Functions
3952 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, m, o, j, x
3956 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3958 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3960 =item Source Documentation
3964 =item Unicode Support
3968 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3970 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3972 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3974 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3976 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3978 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3988 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3994 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3996 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3998 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4018 =item Determining the Context
4022 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4028 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4030 =item Passing Parameters
4032 =item Returning a Scalar
4034 =item Returning a list of values
4036 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4038 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4042 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4046 =item Using call_argv
4048 =item Using call_method
4052 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4054 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4056 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4057 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4060 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4062 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4074 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4084 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4085 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4086 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4087 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4091 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4095 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4096 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4104 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4114 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4116 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4118 B<Decryption Filters>
4120 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4122 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4124 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4136 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4144 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4145 B<filter_fetch_value>
4151 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4153 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4163 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4169 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4170 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4171 bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, CLASS, Copy,
4172 croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER,
4173 eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv,
4174 get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
4175 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD,
4176 G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV,
4177 HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete,
4178 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4179 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4180 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
4181 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number,
4182 MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical,
4183 mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc,
4184 NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share,
4185 newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv,
4186 Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
4187 perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace,
4188 PL_dowarn, PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi,
4189 POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4190 PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn,
4191 SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE,
4192 strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW,
4193 SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
4194 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp,
4195 SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4196 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force,
4197 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
4198 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4199 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV,
4200 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
4201 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
4202 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv,
4203 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec,
4204 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4205 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy,
4206 sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4207 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
4208 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
4209 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
4210 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_true,
4211 sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
4212 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn,
4213 sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, U8 *s, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
4214 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uv, utf8_to_uv_simple, warn, XPUSHi,
4215 XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV,
4216 XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES,
4217 XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION,
4218 XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
4226 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4233 djSP, is_gv_magical, start_glob
4241 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4249 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
4250 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
4251 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4252 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4253 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4254 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4255 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4256 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
4257 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4258 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
4262 =item Co-existence with stdio
4264 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4265 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
4266 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4267 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
4268 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
4269 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4275 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4281 =item Infrastructure
4285 =item Mailing list archives
4287 =item Bug tracking system
4289 =item Regression Tests
4291 Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to
4312 Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs
4316 =item Perl Internals
4322 =item Garbage Collection
4324 =item Reliable signals
4326 Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed
4327 sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN
4329 =item Interpolated regex performance bugs
4331 =item Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp
4333 =item Make XS easier to use
4335 =item Make embedded Perl easier to use
4337 =item Namespace cleanup
4349 =item A clear division into tutorial and reference
4351 =item Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions
4353 =item More tutorials
4355 Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging
4357 =item Include a search tool
4359 =item Include a locate tool
4361 =item Separate function manpages by default
4363 =item Users can't find the manpages
4365 =item Install ALL Documentation
4367 =item Outstanding issues to be documented
4369 =item Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl
4371 =item Replace man with a perl program
4373 =item Unicode tutorial
4381 =item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2
4383 =item Module versions
4391 VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice
4393 =item Procedural options
4397 =item y2k localtime/gmtime
4399 =item Export File::Find variables
4403 =item Debugger attach/detach
4405 =item Regular Expression debugger
4407 =item Alternative RE Syntax
4409 =item Bundled modules
4415 =item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc.
4431 =item POSIX on non-POSIX
4433 =item Portable installations
4441 =item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest
4443 =item Sort out the spawnvp() mess
4445 =item Work out DLL versioning
4451 =item Would be nice to have
4453 C<pack "(stuff)*">, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled
4454 perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format
4455 BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input
4456 should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun
4457 debugger, lvalue functions
4459 =item Possible pragmas
4471 =item constant function cache
4473 =item foreach(reverse...)
4475 =item Cache eval tree
4479 =item Shrink opcode tables
4481 =item Cache hash value
4483 =item Optimize away @_ where possible
4485 =item Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b }
4487 =item Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization
4491 =item Vague possibilities
4493 ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?,
4494 Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real
4495 threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al
4497 =item To Do Or Not To Do
4501 =item Making my() work on "package" variables
4503 =item "or" testing defined not truth
4505 =item "dynamic" lexicals
4507 =item "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals"
4523 =item External threads
4529 =item Per-thread GVs
4541 =item Precompiled modules
4545 =item Typed lexicals
4555 =item Cached compilation
4559 =item Recently Finished Tasks
4563 =item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter)
4569 =item Namespace cleanup
4581 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4587 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4588 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4589 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4590 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4591 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4592 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4593 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4597 =item Keeping in sync
4599 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4600 NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more
4601 reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point,
4602 Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4604 =item Submitting patches
4606 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4607 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4609 =item Finding Your Way Around
4611 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4613 =item Elements of the interpreter
4615 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4617 =item Internal Variable Types
4623 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4625 =item Millions of Macros
4627 =item Poking at Perl
4629 =item Using a source-level debugger
4631 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4632 finish, 'enter', print
4634 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4640 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4644 =item Rational Software's Purify
4646 =item Purify on Unix
4648 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4652 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4656 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4664 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4672 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4684 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4686 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4690 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4694 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4700 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4702 =item Incompatible Changes
4704 =item Core Enhancements
4706 =item Modules and Pragmata
4712 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4716 =item Utility Changes
4718 =item New Documentation
4720 =item Performance Enhancements
4722 sort() has been changed to use mergesort internally as opposed to the
4723 earlier quicksort. For very small lists this may result in slightly slower
4724 sorting times, but in general the speedup should be at least 20%.
4725 Additional bonuses are that the worst case behaviour of sort() is now
4726 better (in computer science terms it now runs in time O(N log N), as
4727 opposed to quicksort's Theta(N**2) worst-case run time behaviour), and that
4728 sort() is now stable (meaning that elements with identical keys will stay
4729 ordered as they were before the sort)
4731 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4735 =item Generic Improvements
4739 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4741 sort() arguments are now compiled in the right wantarray context (they were
4742 accidentally using the context of the sort() itself)
4746 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4750 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4752 =item Changed Internals
4754 =item Known Problems
4758 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4760 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4762 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4764 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4766 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4768 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4770 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4772 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4774 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4776 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4778 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4782 =item Reporting Bugs
4790 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4796 =item Core Enhancements
4800 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4802 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4804 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4806 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4808 =item "our" declarations
4810 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4812 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4814 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4816 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4818 =item open() with more than two arguments
4820 =item 64-bit support
4822 =item Large file support
4828 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4830 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4832 =item File globbing implemented internally
4834 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4836 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4838 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4840 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4842 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4844 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4846 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4848 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4850 =item Comments in pack() templates
4852 =item Weak references
4854 =item Binary numbers supported
4856 =item Lvalue subroutines
4858 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4860 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4862 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4864 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
4866 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
4868 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
4870 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
4872 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
4874 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
4876 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
4878 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
4880 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
4882 =item Improved diagnostics
4884 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
4886 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
4888 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
4890 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
4892 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
4894 =item Improved security features
4896 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
4898 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
4900 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
4902 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
4904 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
4906 =item Optional Y2K warnings
4908 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
4912 =item Modules and Pragmata
4918 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
4919 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
4920 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
4921 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
4922 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
4923 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
4924 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
4925 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
4931 =item Utility Changes
4945 =item The Perl Debugger
4949 =item Improved Documentation
4951 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
4952 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
4953 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
4954 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
4956 =item Performance enhancements
4960 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
4962 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
4964 =item Faster subroutine calls
4966 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
4970 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4974 =item -Dusethreads means something different
4976 =item New Configure flags
4978 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
4984 =item -Duselargefiles
4986 =item installusrbinperl
4992 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
4996 =item Platform specific changes
5000 =item Supported platforms
5004 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5012 =item Significant bug fixes
5016 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5018 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5020 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5022 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5024 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5026 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5028 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5030 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5032 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5034 =item Locale bugs fixed
5038 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5040 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5042 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5044 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5048 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5050 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5051 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5052 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5053 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5054 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5055 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5056 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5057 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5058 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5059 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5060 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5061 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5062 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5063 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5064 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5065 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5066 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5067 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5068 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5069 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5070 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5071 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5072 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5073 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5074 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5075 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5076 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5077 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5078 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5079 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5080 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5081 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5082 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5083 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5084 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5085 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5086 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5087 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5088 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5089 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5090 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5091 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5092 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5093 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5094 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5095 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5096 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5097 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5098 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5099 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5103 =item Incompatible Changes
5107 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5109 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5110 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5111 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5112 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5113 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5114 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), values() and
5115 C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values, not copies, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS)
5116 enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed,
5117 C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator,
5118 Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit
5119 operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their
5122 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5124 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5126 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5128 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5130 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5134 =item Known Problems
5138 =item Thread test failures
5140 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5142 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5144 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5146 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5149 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5151 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5153 =item Experimental features
5155 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5156 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5157 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression constructs C<(?{ code })>
5162 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5164 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5165 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5166 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5167 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5169 =item Reporting Bugs
5177 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5183 =item About the new versioning system
5185 =item Incompatible Changes
5189 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5191 =item Default installation structure has changed
5193 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5195 =item C Source Compatibility
5197 Core sources now require ANSI C compiler, All Perl global variables must
5198 now be referenced with an explicit prefix, Enabling threads has source
5199 compatibility issues
5201 =item Binary Compatibility
5203 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5205 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5219 =item Regular Expressions
5221 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5222 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5223 improvements, Incompatible changes
5225 =item Improved malloc()
5227 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5229 =item Reliable signals
5231 =item Reliable stack pointers
5233 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5237 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5239 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5241 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5243 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5245 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5247 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5249 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5251 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5253 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5255 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5257 =item Better locale support
5259 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5261 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5263 =item Extended support for exception handling
5265 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5267 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5269 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5271 =item New C<lock> keyword
5273 =item New C<qr//> operator
5275 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5277 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5279 =item Tied handles support is better
5281 =item 4th argument to substr
5283 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5285 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5287 =item <> now reads in records
5291 =item Supported Platforms
5297 =item Changes in existing support
5301 =item Modules and Pragmata
5307 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5308 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5309 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5311 =item Changes in existing modules
5313 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5314 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd, Benchmark
5318 =item Utility Changes
5320 =item Documentation Changes
5322 =item New Diagnostics
5324 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5325 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5326 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5327 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5328 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5329 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5330 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5331 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5332 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5333 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5334 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5335 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5336 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5337 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5338 detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s', Reference found
5339 where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use
5340 of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5342 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5344 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5345 temporary file, regexp too big
5347 =item Configuration Changes
5357 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5363 =item Supported Environments
5369 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5371 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5373 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5375 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5377 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5379 =item More precise warnings
5381 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5383 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5385 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5387 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5389 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5391 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5393 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5395 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5397 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5399 =item Changes to tainting checks
5401 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5402 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5404 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5406 =item Embedding improvements
5408 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5410 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5412 =item New and changed syntax
5416 =item New and changed builtin constants
5420 =item New and changed builtin variables
5424 =item New and changed builtin functions
5426 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5427 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5428 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5429 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5430 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5432 =item New builtin methods
5434 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5436 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5438 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5439 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5441 =item Malloc enhancements
5443 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5445 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5449 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5465 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5466 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5472 =item Required Updates
5474 =item Installation directories
5476 =item Module information summary
5490 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5494 =item Utility Changes
5500 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5504 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5508 =item C Language API Changes
5510 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5513 =item Documentation Changes
5515 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5516 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5518 =item New Diagnostics
5520 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5521 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5522 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5523 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5524 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5525 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5526 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5527 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5528 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5529 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5530 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5531 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5532 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5533 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5534 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5535 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5536 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5537 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for
5538 "B<-T>" option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist,
5539 Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to
5540 mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with
5541 defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay
5542 shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in
5543 prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX,
5544 PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5554 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5562 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5566 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5568 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5570 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5572 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5578 =item GDBM and Threads
5580 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5590 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5606 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5608 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5610 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5612 fork(), some features of the UNIX filesystem regarding link count and file
5613 dates, inplace operation (the -i switch) without backup file, umask()
5614 works, but the correct permissions are only set when the file is
5621 =item Accessing documentation
5629 =item B<GNU> C<info> files
5641 =item Getting the perl source
5645 sh Configure -Dprefix=/ade -Dloclibpth=/ade/lib
5649 =item Installing the built perl
5659 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5669 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5671 =item Cygwin Configuration
5673 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5681 =item Strip Binaries
5683 =item Optional Libraries
5685 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5686 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5688 =item Configure-time Options
5690 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5691 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5693 =item Suspicious Warnings
5695 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5713 =item File Permissions
5717 =item Filetime Granularity
5719 =item Tainting Checks
5723 =item Script Portability
5725 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5733 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5734 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5744 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
5752 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
5754 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
5758 =item IO Redirection
5768 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
5772 =item SUPPORT STATUS
5780 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
5789 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
5799 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
5801 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
5803 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
5805 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5811 =item GDBM and Threads
5813 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5815 =item perl -P and //
5825 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
5834 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
5836 =item Failures during C<make test>
5838 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
5840 =item Building external modules
5850 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
5870 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
5872 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
5874 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
5878 =item Frequently asked questions
5882 =item I cannot run external programs
5884 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
5887 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
5890 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
5892 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
5900 =item Automatic binary installation
5902 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
5904 =item Manual binary installation
5906 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
5907 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
5908 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
5909 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
5910 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
5916 =item Accessing documentation
5920 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
5928 =item GNU C<info> files
5942 =item Getting perl source
5944 =item Application of the patches
5952 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
5953 F<lib/io_pipe.t>, F<lib/io_sock.t>, F<op/stat.t>, F<lib/io_udp.t>
5955 =item Installing the built perl
5957 =item C<a.out>-style build
5965 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
5967 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
5969 =item Problems with tr or sed
5971 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
5973 =item Library ... not found
5975 =item Segfault in make
5977 =item op/sprintf test failure
5981 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
5985 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
5989 =item C<extproc> on the first line
5991 =item Additional modules:
5993 =item Prebuilt methods:
5995 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
5996 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
5997 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
5998 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
5999 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
6000 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>
6006 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<flock>
6020 =item F<perl___.exe>
6022 =item Why strange names?
6024 =item Why dynamic linking?
6026 =item Why chimera build?
6028 explicit fork(), open FH, "|-", open FH, "-|"
6036 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6038 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6040 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6042 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6044 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6046 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6056 =item DLL name mangling
6060 =item Calls to external programs
6062 =item Memory allocation
6066 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6080 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6092 =item Setup and utilities
6096 =item Build, test, install
6098 =item build anomalies
6100 =item testing anomalies
6104 =item Modules and Extensions
6122 =head2 perlposix-bc, README.posix-bc - building and installing Perl for
6163 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6171 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6177 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6183 =item File Extraction Problems.
6185 =item Compiler and Related Tools.
6191 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6195 =item 64-bit Issues.
6199 =item Malloc Issues.
6203 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6205 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6206 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6207 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6213 =item op/stat.t test 4
6217 =item PREBUILT BINARIES.
6219 =item RUNTIME ISSUES.
6223 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files.
6227 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6229 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6233 =item Proc::ProcessTable
6247 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6255 =item Organization of Perl Images
6261 =item Perl Extensions
6263 =item Installing static extensions
6265 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6269 =item File specifications
6275 =item Wildcard expansion
6281 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6287 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6289 =item Command line switches
6295 =item Perl functions
6297 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6298 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6299 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6300 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6302 =item Perl variables
6304 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $|
6306 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6320 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6328 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6332 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6336 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6338 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6342 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6346 =item Unimplemented Features
6352 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6360 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6362 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6374 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6384 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6394 =item Built-in Attributes
6396 locked, method, lvalue
6398 =item Available Subroutines
6402 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6404 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6406 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6414 =item Default exports
6416 =item Available exports
6418 =item Export tags defined
6428 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6440 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6456 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6470 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6484 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6497 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6506 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6512 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
6522 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
6532 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
6543 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
6545 =item The I<splain> Program
6559 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
6573 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
6583 =item subpragma access
6589 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
6600 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
6610 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
6620 =item Adding directories to @INC
6622 =item Deleting directories from @INC
6624 =item Restoring original @INC
6634 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
6645 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
6653 =item UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY
6659 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
6671 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
6681 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
6683 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
6685 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
6687 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
6689 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
6691 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
6693 =item Overloadable Operations
6695 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
6696 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
6697 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
6699 =item Inheritance and overloading
6701 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
6702 is inherited by derived classes
6706 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
6714 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
6716 =item Copy Constructor
6722 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
6724 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
6725 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
6726 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
6729 =item Losing overloading
6731 =item Run-time Overloading
6733 =item Public functions
6735 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
6737 =item Overloading constants
6739 integer, float, binary, q, qr
6741 =item IMPLEMENTATION
6743 =item Metaphor clash
6749 =item Two-face scalars
6751 =item Two-face references
6753 =item Symbolic calculator
6755 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
6763 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
6764 type, `%s' is not a code reference
6770 =head2 perlio - perl pragma to configure C level IO
6782 =item Defaults and how to override them
6790 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6800 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
6812 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
6814 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
6818 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
6822 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
6830 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
6838 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
6842 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
6852 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code
6864 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
6874 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
6882 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
6883 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
6884 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
6885 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
6886 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
6890 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
6892 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
6894 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
6904 =item DBM Comparisons
6914 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
6924 =item Subroutine Stubs
6926 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6928 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6930 =item Package Lexicals
6932 =item Not Using AutoLoader
6934 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
6944 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
6952 $keep, $check, $modtime
6956 =item Multiple packages
6964 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
6972 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
6976 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
6984 IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv
6998 =item B::PVMG METHODS
7002 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
7004 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
7006 =item B::PVLV METHODS
7008 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
7012 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
7016 is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE,
7017 FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
7021 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
7022 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
7026 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
7030 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
7035 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
7037 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
7041 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
7043 =item B::UNOP METHOD
7047 =item B::BINOP METHOD
7051 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
7055 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
7059 =item B::PMOP METHODS
7061 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
7063 =item B::SVOP METHOD
7067 =item B::PADOP METHOD
7071 =item B::PVOP METHOD
7075 =item B::LOOP METHODS
7077 redoop, nextop, lastop
7079 =item B::COP METHODS
7081 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
7085 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
7087 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
7088 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
7089 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM),
7090 hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
7096 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
7109 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
7121 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7133 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7143 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7144 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7145 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> Stores package in the
7156 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7166 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7167 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7177 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7187 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7188 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7189 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7201 =item Context of ".."
7205 =item Deprecated features
7213 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7225 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7235 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I<PACKAGE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7236 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>
7238 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7258 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7270 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7278 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7280 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7281 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7283 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7293 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7303 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7309 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7321 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7333 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7335 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7347 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7357 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7365 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7377 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7391 =item Standard Exports
7393 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7394 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7395 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7397 =item Optional Exports
7399 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7400 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7401 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7417 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7421 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7435 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7445 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7446 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7447 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> Stores package in the
7458 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
7470 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
7472 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
7474 1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. For example,
7475 -value is an alias for -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values,
7476 3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g. '-values'
7478 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
7480 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
7482 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
7484 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
7486 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
7488 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
7490 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
7492 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
7494 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
7496 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
7498 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
7500 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
7502 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
7504 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
7506 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
7508 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
7509 B<:standard>, B<:all>
7513 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls,
7514 -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles
7516 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
7518 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
7519 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
7524 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
7528 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
7530 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
7532 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
7534 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
7536 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
7538 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
7540 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
7542 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
7543 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
7545 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
7549 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
7553 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
7555 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
7557 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
7559 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
7561 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
7563 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
7564 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
7566 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
7570 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
7574 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
7576 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
7578 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
7580 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
7584 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
7586 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
7588 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
7592 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
7594 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
7598 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
7602 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
7606 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
7610 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
7614 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
7616 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
7618 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
7622 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
7624 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
7625 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
7627 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
7633 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
7634 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
7636 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
7638 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
7639 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
7642 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
7648 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
7652 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
7654 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
7655 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
7656 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
7657 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
7658 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
7659 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
7661 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
7663 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
7664 parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
7668 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end()
7670 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
7672 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
7673 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
7675 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
7677 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7681 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
7682 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
7683 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
7684 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
7685 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
7686 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
7687 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
7688 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
7689 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
7690 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
7691 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
7692 ...and many many more..
7694 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
7702 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
7712 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7720 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
7729 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
7731 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
7735 =item Changing the default message
7739 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
7749 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
7757 =item USING CGI::Cookie
7759 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
7763 =item Creating New Cookies
7765 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
7767 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
7769 =item Manipulating Cookies
7771 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
7775 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7783 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
7791 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
7793 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
7795 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
7797 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
7801 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7809 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
7819 =item Tags that won't be formatted
7821 =item Customizing the Indenting
7833 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
7841 =item USING CGI::Push
7843 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
7847 =item Heterogeneous Pages
7849 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
7853 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
7855 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7863 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
7873 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7881 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
7891 =item Interactive Mode
7893 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
7894 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
7895 distribution, Signals
7903 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
7905 =item Programmer's interface
7907 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
7909 =item Methods in the other Classes
7911 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
7912 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
7913 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
7914 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
7915 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
7916 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
7917 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
7918 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
7919 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
7920 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
7921 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
7922 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
7923 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
7924 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
7925 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
7926 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
7927 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
7928 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
7929 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
7930 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
7931 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
7932 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
7933 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
7934 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
7935 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
7936 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
7944 =item Finding packages and VERSION
7948 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
7954 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
7955 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
7956 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
7957 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
7961 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
7963 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
7971 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
7973 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
7977 =item Three basic types of firewalls
7979 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
7981 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
7987 1) I installed a new version of module X but CPAN keeps saying, I
7988 have the old version installed, 2) So why is UNINST=1 not the default?, 3)
7989 I want to clean up my mess, and install a new perl along with all
7990 modules I have. How do I go about it?, 4) When I install bundles or
7991 multiple modules with one command there is too much output to keep
7992 track of, 5) I am not root, how can I install a module in a personal
7993 directory?, 6) How to get a package, unwrap it, and make a change before
7994 building it?, 7) I installed a Bundle and had a couple of fails. When I
7995 retried, everything resolved nicely. Can this be fixed to work
7996 on first try?, 8) In our intranet we have many modules for internal use.
7997 How can I integrate these modules with CPAN.pm but without uploading
7998 the modules to CPAN?, 9) When I run CPAN's shell, I get error msg
7999 about line 1 to 4, setting meta input/output via the /etc/inputrc
8000 file, 10) Some authors have strange characters in their names
8010 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
8020 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
8033 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
8043 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
8051 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
8061 =item The C<struct()> function
8063 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
8065 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
8067 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
8068 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
8070 =item Initializing with C<new>
8076 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
8078 =item Author and Modification History
8082 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
8090 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8102 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8106 C<afs>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>, C<api_revision>,
8107 C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>, C<ar>, C<archlib>,
8108 C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>, C<awk>
8112 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8113 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8117 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8118 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8119 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8120 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>
8124 C<CONFIGDOTSH>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>, C<cpp_stuff>,
8125 C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>, C<cpprun>,
8126 C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crosscompile>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
8130 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8131 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8132 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8133 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8134 C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>,
8135 C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>,
8136 C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>,
8137 C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>,
8138 C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
8139 C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
8140 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_fork>,
8141 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>,
8142 C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>,
8143 C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>,
8144 C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
8145 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getlogin>,
8146 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
8147 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
8148 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
8149 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>,
8150 C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
8151 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>,
8152 C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>, C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>,
8153 C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
8154 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>,
8155 C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>,
8156 C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>,
8157 C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>,
8158 C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>,
8159 C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
8160 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
8161 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>,
8162 C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>,
8163 C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
8164 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
8165 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
8166 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
8167 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
8168 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>,
8169 C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>,
8170 C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>,
8171 C<d_readlink>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
8172 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>,
8173 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
8174 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
8175 C<d_semop>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>,
8176 C<d_sethent>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>,
8177 C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>,
8178 C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
8179 C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
8180 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
8181 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
8182 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
8183 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
8184 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
8185 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
8186 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
8187 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strtod>,
8188 C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>,
8189 C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>,
8190 C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>,
8191 C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>,
8192 C<d_times>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>,
8193 C<d_union_semun>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
8194 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>,
8195 C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
8196 C<d_wctomb>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>,
8197 C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>,
8198 C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8202 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8203 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
8207 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8208 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>, C<full_sed>
8212 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8213 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8217 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8221 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8222 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8223 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
8224 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_libutil>,
8225 C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>,
8226 C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
8227 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
8228 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
8229 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
8230 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
8231 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
8232 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
8233 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
8234 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
8235 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
8236 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
8237 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
8238 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8239 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8240 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8241 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
8242 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
8243 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
8248 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8252 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8253 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8254 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8255 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8256 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8257 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8261 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8262 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8263 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8267 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8268 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8272 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8273 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8274 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8275 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8279 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8280 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8284 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8289 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8290 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8291 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8292 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8296 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8300 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8301 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<runnm>
8305 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8306 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8307 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8308 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<signal_t>,
8309 C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>,
8310 C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>,
8311 C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>,
8312 C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>,
8313 C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>,
8314 C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>,
8315 C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
8316 C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
8317 C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
8318 C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8322 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>, C<timetype>,
8323 C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8327 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8328 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8329 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8330 C<use64bitint>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>,
8331 C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>,
8332 C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usesfio>,
8333 C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>,
8334 C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>,
8335 C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8339 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8340 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8341 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8345 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8357 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
8367 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8379 =item Global Variables
8381 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8382 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8387 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8388 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8390 =item Client Callback Methods
8392 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8393 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8394 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8404 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
8412 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
8416 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
8418 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
8420 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
8422 =item Default Parameters
8424 =item In Memory Databases
8432 =item A Simple Example
8440 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
8442 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
8444 =item The get_dup() Method
8446 =item The find_dup() Method
8448 =item The del_dup() Method
8450 =item Matching Partial Keys
8458 =item The 'bval' Option
8460 =item A Simple Example
8462 =item Extra RECNO Methods
8464 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
8465 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
8467 =item Another Example
8471 =item THE API INTERFACE
8473 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
8474 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
8475 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
8476 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
8480 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
8481 B<filter_fetch_value>
8487 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
8489 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
8493 =item HINTS AND TIPS
8497 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
8499 =item Safe ways to lock a database
8501 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
8503 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
8505 =item The untie() Gotcha
8509 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
8513 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
8515 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
8517 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
8519 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
8539 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
8540 printing and C<eval>
8552 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
8553 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
8554 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
8561 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
8563 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8564 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8565 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8566 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8567 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8568 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8569 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8570 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8571 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8572 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8573 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8574 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
8594 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
8602 =item PROFILE FORMAT
8614 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
8624 =item Memory footprint debugging
8632 =item A simple scalar string
8634 =item A simple scalar number
8636 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
8638 =item A reference to a simple scalar
8640 =item A reference to an array
8642 =item A reference to a hash
8644 =item Dumping a large array or hash
8646 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
8648 =item A reference to a subroutine
8662 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
8672 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
8682 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
8694 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
8695 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
8696 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
8701 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
8702 veryCompact, set, get
8708 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
8716 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
8717 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
8718 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
8719 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
8726 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
8739 =head2 Encode - character encodings
8749 =item chars With Encoding
8751 =item Testing For UTF-8
8753 =item Toggling UTF-8-ness
8755 =item UTF-16 and UTF-32 Encodings
8757 =item Handling Malformed Data
8761 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
8762 of the Encode extension
8768 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
8776 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
8782 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
8790 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
8803 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
8818 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
8834 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
8846 =item Selecting What To Export
8848 =item Specialised Import Lists
8850 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
8852 =item Module Version Checking
8854 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
8856 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
8862 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
8872 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
8893 mv source... destination
8895 cp source... destination
8913 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
8925 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
8926 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
8936 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
8946 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
8958 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
8959 packlist(), version()
8967 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
8975 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
8981 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
8991 =item VMS implementation
8993 =item Win32 implementation
9001 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9010 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
9014 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9025 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
9037 =item Preloaded methods
9057 =item SelfLoaded methods
9103 file_name_is_absolute
9109 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
9149 maybe_command_in_dirs
9187 replace_manpage_separator
9201 test_via_harness (o)
9231 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9242 =item Methods always loaded
9254 =item SelfLoaded methods
9256 guess_name (override)
9260 find_perl (override)
9264 maybe_command (override)
9266 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
9268 perl_script (override)
9270 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9272 replace_manpage_separator
9274 init_others (override)
9276 constants (override)
9280 const_cccmd (override)
9282 pm_to_blib (override)
9284 tool_autosplit (override)
9286 tool_sxubpp (override)
9288 xsubpp_version (override)
9290 tools_other (override)
9300 top_targets (override)
9304 dynamic_lib (override)
9306 dynamic_bs (override)
9308 static_lib (override)
9310 manifypods (override)
9312 processPL (override)
9314 installbin (override)
9320 realclean (override)
9322 dist_basics (override)
9324 dist_core (override)
9328 dist_test (override)
9332 perldepend (override)
9338 test_via_harness (override)
9340 test_via_script (override)
9342 makeaperl (override)
9346 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9373 test_via_harness (o)
9375 tool_autosplit (override)
9393 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
9403 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
9405 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
9413 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
9417 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
9419 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
9421 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
9423 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
9425 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
9426 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
9427 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
9428 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
9429 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
9430 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
9431 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
9432 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
9433 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
9434 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
9435 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
9436 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
9437 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT,
9438 PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
9439 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
9441 =item Additional lowercase attributes
9443 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
9446 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
9448 =item Hintsfile support
9450 =item Distribution Support
9452 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
9453 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
9454 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
9456 =item Disabling an extension
9470 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
9482 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
9486 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
9487 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
9491 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
9499 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
9511 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
9521 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
9530 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
9538 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
9550 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
9558 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
9568 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
9580 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
9590 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
9594 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
9602 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
9606 C<basename>, C<dirname>
9610 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
9620 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
9634 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
9644 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
9646 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
9656 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
9664 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
9676 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
9684 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
9685 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>,
9686 C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
9692 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
9700 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>, C<GLOB_NOSORT>,
9701 C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>, C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>
9705 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
9713 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
9725 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
9739 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
9773 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
9791 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
9819 file_name_is_absolute
9839 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
9849 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
9881 file_name_is_absolute
9903 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
9919 =item Methods always loaded
9921 canonpath (override)
9939 case_tolerant (override)
9943 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9945 splitpath (override)
9961 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
9991 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
10015 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
10029 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
10039 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
10047 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
10055 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
10057 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
10069 =item Temporary files and NFS
10081 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
10095 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
10107 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
10115 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
10121 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
10145 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
10153 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
10157 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
10159 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
10167 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
10169 =item Example 2: Using the context
10171 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
10173 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
10183 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
10191 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
10201 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
10217 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
10225 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
10227 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
10231 =item Simple options
10233 =item A little bit less simple options
10235 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
10237 =item Options with values
10239 =item Options with multiple values
10241 =item Options with hash values
10243 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
10245 =item Options with multiple names
10247 =item Case and abbreviations
10249 =item Summary of Option Specifications
10251 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
10255 =item Advanced Possibilities
10259 =item Object oriented interface
10261 =item Documentation and help texts
10263 =item Storing options in a hash
10267 =item The lonesome dash
10269 =item Argument call-back
10273 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
10275 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
10276 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
10277 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
10278 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
10279 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
10281 =item Return values and Errors
10287 =item Default destinations
10289 =item Alternative option starters
10291 =item Configuration variables
10295 =item Trouble Shooting
10299 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
10301 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
10308 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
10312 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
10323 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
10334 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
10344 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
10352 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10353 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10363 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10373 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10377 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10385 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
10395 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10399 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10400 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10401 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10402 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10414 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10424 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10428 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10438 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10448 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10449 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10459 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
10467 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10468 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10475 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
10485 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10489 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10490 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10491 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10501 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
10515 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]),
10516 sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
10526 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
10542 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10555 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
10569 hostpath(), peerpath()
10579 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
10588 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10589 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10599 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10609 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10613 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10621 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
10632 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10636 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10637 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10638 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10639 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10651 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10661 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10665 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10675 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10685 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10686 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10696 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
10705 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10706 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10713 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
10724 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10728 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10729 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10730 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10740 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
10755 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]),
10756 sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
10766 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
10767 AF_INET domain sockets
10783 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10796 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
10797 AF_UNIX domain sockets
10811 hostpath(), peerpath()
10821 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
10831 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
10832 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
10843 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
10857 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
10870 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
10880 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
10881 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
10882 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
10893 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
10911 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
10921 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
10922 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
10933 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
10944 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
10945 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
10946 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
10957 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
10965 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is
10974 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
10982 Canonical notation, Input, Output
10986 =item Autocreating constants
10994 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
11007 =item STRINGIFICATION
11011 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
11017 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
11019 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
11027 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
11035 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
11041 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
11043 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
11047 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
11049 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
11053 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
11055 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
11057 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
11058 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
11062 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES
11072 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
11078 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
11084 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
11088 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
11092 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
11104 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
11105 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
11115 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
11132 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
11149 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
11164 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
11181 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
11191 =item IMPLEMENTATION
11197 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
11203 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
11209 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
11213 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
11217 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
11229 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
11231 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
11232 or optag, an operator set (opset)
11234 =item Opcode Functions
11236 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
11237 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
11238 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
11241 =item Manipulating Opsets
11243 =item TO DO (maybe)
11249 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
11251 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
11252 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
11253 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
11262 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
11271 a new namespace, an operator mask
11277 =item RECENT CHANGES
11279 =item Methods in class Safe
11281 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
11282 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
11283 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
11284 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
11286 =item Some Safety Issues
11288 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
11296 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
11309 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
11323 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
11324 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
11325 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
11326 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
11327 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
11328 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
11329 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
11330 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
11331 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
11332 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
11333 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
11334 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
11335 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
11336 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
11337 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
11338 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
11339 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
11340 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
11341 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
11342 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
11343 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
11344 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
11345 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
11346 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
11347 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
11354 =item POSIX::SigAction
11358 =item POSIX::SigSet
11360 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
11362 =item POSIX::Termios
11364 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
11365 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
11366 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
11367 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
11368 values, c_oflag field values
11372 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
11376 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
11380 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
11438 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
11444 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
11450 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
11462 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
11463 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
11464 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
11465 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
11466 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
11467 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
11468 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
11469 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
11474 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
11475 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, No numeric
11476 argument for =over, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item
11477 paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one> vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped
11478 C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument
11479 for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME
11484 collapsing newlines to blanks, ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in
11485 link, (section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains
11498 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
11500 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
11503 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
11505 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
11507 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
11509 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
11511 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
11519 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
11531 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
11533 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
11540 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
11546 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
11548 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
11555 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
11567 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
11577 backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile,
11578 libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title,
11593 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
11606 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
11607 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
11613 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
11637 =item B<was_cutting()>
11643 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
11649 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
11655 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
11661 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
11667 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11673 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
11679 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
11685 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
11691 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
11697 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
11703 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
11709 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
11715 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
11721 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
11727 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
11733 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11739 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
11745 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
11751 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
11757 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
11763 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
11769 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
11775 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
11781 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
11787 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
11793 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
11799 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
11805 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11811 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
11823 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
11835 =item OBJECT METHODS
11843 =item Data Accessors
11859 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
11861 B<StartWithNewPage>
11875 =item Subclassed methods
11889 B<interior_sequence>
11905 =item Methods for headings
11913 =item Internal methods
11919 B<_replace_special_chars>
11925 B<_clean_latex_commands>
11941 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
11949 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
11954 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
11955 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape
11956 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on
11957 line %d, Unmatched =back
11967 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
11981 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
11989 $list-E<gt>indent()
11997 $list-E<gt>parent()
12003 =item Pod::Hyperlink
12005 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
12009 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
12011 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
12015 $link-E<gt>warning()
12017 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
12023 $link-E<gt>alttext()
12033 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
12039 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
12043 =item Pod::Cache::Item
12045 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
12049 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
12051 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
12053 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
12055 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
12057 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
12059 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
12061 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
12071 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
12083 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12085 =item PARSING OPTIONS
12087 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
12088 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
12094 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
12102 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12108 =item B<verbatim()>
12110 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12116 =item B<textblock()>
12118 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12124 =item B<interior_sequence()>
12130 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
12142 =item B<initialize()>
12148 =item B<begin_pod()>
12154 =item B<begin_input()>
12160 =item B<end_input()>
12172 =item B<preprocess_line()>
12178 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
12184 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
12190 =item B<parse_text()>
12192 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
12193 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
12194 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
12200 =item B<interpolate()>
12206 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
12212 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
12218 =item B<parse_from_file()>
12224 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
12230 =item B<errorsub()>
12242 =item B<parseopts()>
12248 =item B<output_file()>
12254 =item B<output_handle()>
12260 =item B<input_file()>
12266 =item B<input_handle()>
12272 =item B<input_streams()>
12278 =item B<top_stream()>
12284 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12290 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
12296 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
12302 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
12310 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
12330 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
12343 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
12345 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
12351 =item OBJECT METHODS
12357 =item B<curr_headings()>
12369 =item B<add_selection()>
12375 =item B<clear_selections()>
12381 =item B<match_section()>
12387 =item B<is_selected()>
12393 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
12399 =item B<podselect()>
12401 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
12407 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12413 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
12419 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
12425 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
12437 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
12445 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
12449 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
12450 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
12451 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
12463 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
12479 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
12480 text with format escapes
12494 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
12503 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
12512 =item Recommended Use
12520 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
12524 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
12532 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12538 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12542 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12546 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
12554 a new namespace, an operator mask
12560 =item RECENT CHANGES
12562 =item Methods in class Safe
12564 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
12565 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
12566 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
12567 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
12569 =item Some Safety Issues
12571 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
12579 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
12589 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
12599 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
12609 =item The __DATA__ token
12611 =item SelfLoader autoloading
12613 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
12615 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
12617 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
12619 =item Classes and inherited methods.
12623 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
12627 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
12637 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
12645 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
12646 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
12654 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
12655 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
12656 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
12657 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
12658 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
12662 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
12672 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
12676 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
12678 =item ERROR REPORTING
12686 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
12691 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
12692 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
12716 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
12726 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
12738 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
12739 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
12747 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
12748 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
12759 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
12760 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
12768 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
12769 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
12780 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
12790 Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
12791 comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
12802 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
12814 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
12822 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
12832 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
12833 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
12841 =item Minimal set of supported functions
12843 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
12844 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
12846 =item Additional supported functions
12848 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
12856 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
12866 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
12878 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
12888 =item The test script output
12896 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
12897 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
12898 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
12899 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
12911 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
12923 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
12934 0 a simple word, 1 multiple spaces are skipped because of our $delim, 2 use
12935 of quotes to include a space in a word, 3 use of a backslash to include a
12936 space in a word, 4 use of a backslash to remove the special meaning of a
12937 double-quote, 5 another simple word (note the lack of effect of the
12938 backslashed double-quote)
12944 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
12961 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
12976 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
12990 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
13001 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
13002 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
13003 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
13007 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
13015 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
13023 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
13025 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
13031 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
13039 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
13041 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
13045 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
13057 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
13067 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
13075 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
13076 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
13077 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
13078 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
13086 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
13095 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
13096 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
13097 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
13098 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
13100 =item MORE INFORMATION
13102 =item COMPATIBILITY
13106 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
13114 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
13115 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
13119 =item MORE INFORMATION
13123 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
13141 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
13150 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
13152 =item MORE INFORMATION
13156 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
13168 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
13176 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13182 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
13197 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
13212 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
13224 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
13232 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
13233 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
13237 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
13252 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
13263 =item System Specifics
13277 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
13285 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
13287 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
13288 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
13289 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
13290 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
13291 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
13292 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
13293 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
13294 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
13295 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown(MACHINE,
13296 MESSAGE, TIMEOUT, FORCECLOSE, REBOOT), Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(),
13297 Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME), Win32::LoginName(),
13298 Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, SIDTYPE),
13299 Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
13300 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
13301 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
13302 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
13303 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
13309 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
13321 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
13323 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
13324 don't all have manual pages yet:
13350 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles