4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
240 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST,
365 open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR
366 : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
367 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
368 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
369 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
370 qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
371 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
372 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
373 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
374 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
375 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
376 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
377 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
378 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
379 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
380 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
381 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
382 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
383 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
384 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
385 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
386 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
387 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
388 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
389 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
390 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
391 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
392 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
393 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
394 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
395 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
396 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
397 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
398 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
399 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
400 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
401 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
402 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
403 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
404 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
410 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
416 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
424 =item Making References
426 =item Using References
444 =item Distribution Conditions
450 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
456 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
457 more elaborate constructs
461 =item COMMON MISTAKES
463 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
465 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
471 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
475 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
477 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
479 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
483 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
487 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
489 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
491 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
495 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
499 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
501 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
503 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
507 =item HASHES OF HASHES
511 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
513 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
515 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
519 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
523 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
525 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
527 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
539 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
549 =item Simple word matching
551 =item Using character classes
553 =item Matching this or that
555 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
557 =item Extracting matches
559 =item Matching repetitions
563 =item Search and replace
565 =item The split operator
573 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
577 =item Acknowledgments
583 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
591 =item Verbatim Paragraph
593 =item Command Paragraph
595 =item Ordinary Block of Text
599 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
601 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
611 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
619 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
637 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
639 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
640 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
641 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
642 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
644 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
646 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
647 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
648 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
652 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
654 =item Numerical Traps
656 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
658 =item General data type traps
660 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
661 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
663 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
665 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
667 =item Precedence Traps
669 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
672 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
674 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
675 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
678 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
680 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
686 =item Interpolation Traps
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
689 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
695 =item Unclassified Traps
697 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
704 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
714 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
716 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
718 =item Location of Perl
720 =item Command Switches
722 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
723 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
724 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
725 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
726 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
727 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
734 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
735 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
736 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
740 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
748 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
756 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
758 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
760 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
764 =item Backward Compatibility
766 =item Category Hierarchy
770 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
782 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
790 =item Looking at data and -w and w
794 =item Stepping through code
796 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
798 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
816 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
822 =item The Perl Debugger
826 =item Debugger Commands
828 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
829 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
830 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
831 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
832 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
833 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
834 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
835 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
836 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
838 =item Configurable Options
840 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
841 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
842 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
843 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
844 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
845 C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
847 =item Debugger input/output
849 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
852 =item Debugging compile-time statements
854 =item Debugger Customization
856 =item Readline Support
858 =item Editor Support for Debugging
860 =item The Perl Profiler
864 =item Debugging regular expressions
866 =item Debugging memory usage
874 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
882 =item Predefined Names
884 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
885 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
886 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
887 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
888 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
889 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
890 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
891 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
892 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
893 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
894 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
895 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
896 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
897 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
898 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
899 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
900 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
901 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
902 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
903 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR,
904 $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID,
905 $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID,
906 $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $],
907 $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H,
908 $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04,
909 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
910 $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V,
911 $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME,
912 $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
914 =item Error Indicators
916 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
924 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
932 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
934 =item Growing Your Own
936 =item Access and Printing
948 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
954 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
964 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
970 =item Open E<agrave> la C
974 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
978 =item Obscure Open Tricks
982 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
984 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
988 =item Single Argument Open
990 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
994 =item Other I/O Issues
998 =item Opening Non-File Files
1008 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1014 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1020 =item Part 1: The basics
1024 =item Simple word matching
1026 =item Using character classes
1028 =item Matching this or that
1030 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1032 =item Extracting matches
1034 =item Matching repetitions
1036 =item Building a regexp
1038 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1042 =item Part 2: Power tools
1046 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1048 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1050 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1052 =item Non-capturing groupings
1054 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1056 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1058 =item Conditional expressions
1060 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1062 =item Pragmas and debugging
1070 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1074 =item Acknowledgments
1080 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1090 =item Regular Expressions
1092 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1094 =item Extended Patterns
1096 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1097 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1098 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1099 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1103 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1105 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1107 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1109 =item Combining pieces together
1111 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1112 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1113 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1114 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1116 =item Creating custom RE engines
1126 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1136 =item Making References
1138 =item Using References
1140 =item Symbolic references
1142 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1144 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1146 =item Function Templates
1156 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1164 =item Format Variables
1174 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1182 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1190 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1192 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1194 =item Invoking a barnyard
1196 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1198 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1200 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1202 =item A few notes about @ISA
1204 =item Overriding the methods
1206 =item Starting the search from a different place
1208 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1210 =item Where we're at so far...
1212 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1214 =item Invoking an instance method
1216 =item Accessing the instance data
1218 =item How to build a horse
1220 =item Inheriting the constructor
1222 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1224 =item Adding parameters to a method
1226 =item More interesting instances
1228 =item A horse of a different color
1240 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1246 =item Creating a Class
1250 =item Object Representation
1252 =item Class Interface
1254 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1256 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1260 =item Other Object Methods
1268 =item Accessing Class Data
1270 =item Debugging Methods
1272 =item Class Destructors
1274 =item Documenting the Interface
1284 =item Overridden Methods
1286 =item Multiple Inheritance
1288 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1292 =item Alternate Object Representations
1296 =item Arrays as Objects
1298 =item Closures as Objects
1302 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1306 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1308 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1312 =item Metaclassical Tools
1318 =item Data Members as Variables
1326 =item Object Terminology
1332 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1338 =item Acknowledgments
1344 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1350 =item Class Data in a Can
1352 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1356 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1358 =item Inheritance Concerns
1360 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1362 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1364 =item Monadic Classes
1366 =item Translucent Attributes
1370 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1374 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1376 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1378 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1380 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1382 =item Translucency Revisited
1390 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1392 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1398 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1406 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1408 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1410 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1412 =item Method Invocation
1414 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1416 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1418 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1424 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1432 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1438 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1440 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1442 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1444 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1446 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1448 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1450 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1452 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1454 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1456 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1462 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1474 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1479 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1480 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1481 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1482 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1487 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1488 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1489 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1491 =item Tying FileHandles
1493 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1494 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1499 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1511 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1512 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1528 =item Using open() for IPC
1534 =item Background Processes
1536 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1538 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1540 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1542 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1546 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1550 =item Internet Line Terminators
1552 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1554 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1558 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1562 =item A Simple Client
1564 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1566 =item A Webget Client
1568 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1572 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1574 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1576 =item UDP: Message Passing
1590 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1600 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1602 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1603 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1604 files, directories and network sockets
1606 =item Resource limits
1608 =item Killing the parent process
1610 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1612 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1614 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1615 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1616 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1628 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1636 =item Storing numbers
1638 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1640 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1642 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1643 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1644 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1653 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1661 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1667 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1669 =item Threaded Program Models
1681 =item Native threads
1683 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1685 =item Threadsafe Modules
1691 =item Basic Thread Support
1693 =item Creating Threads
1695 =item Giving up control
1697 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1699 =item Errors In Threads
1701 =item Ignoring A Thread
1705 =item Threads And Data
1709 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1711 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1713 =item Controlling access: lock()
1715 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1717 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1721 =item Threads And Code
1725 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1727 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1729 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1731 =item Subroutine Locks
1735 =item Locking A Subroutine
1739 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1743 =item What Thread Am I In?
1747 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1749 =item What Threads Are Running?
1753 =item A Complete Example
1761 =item Introductory Texts
1763 =item OS-Related References
1765 =item Other References
1769 =item Acknowledgements
1777 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1783 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1792 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1794 =item Files and Filesystems
1796 =item System Interaction
1798 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1800 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1802 =item Standard Modules
1806 =item Character sets and character encoding
1808 =item Internationalisation
1810 =item System Resources
1820 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1821 http://testers.cpan.org/
1829 =item DOS and Derivatives
1837 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1845 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1849 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1851 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1852 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1853 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1854 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1855 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1856 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1857 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1858 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1859 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1860 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1861 endprotoent, endservent, exit EXPR, exit, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,
1862 glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
1863 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
1864 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
1865 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
1866 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
1867 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1868 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1869 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1870 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1871 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1872 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1873 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1874 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1875 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1881 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
1882 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
1883 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
1884 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
1885 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
1886 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
1888 =item Supported Platforms
1892 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1898 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1905 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1911 =item The use locale pragma
1913 =item The setlocale function
1915 =item Finding locales
1917 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1919 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1921 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1923 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1925 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1927 =item The localeconv function
1929 =item I18N::Langinfo
1933 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1937 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1939 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1941 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1943 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1947 =item Other categories
1955 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1956 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1962 =item Backward compatibility
1964 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1966 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1968 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1970 =item Freely available locale definitions
1974 =item An imperfect standard
1982 =item Broken systems
1992 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2000 =item Important Caveats
2002 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2003 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2005 =item Byte and Character semantics
2007 =item Effects of character semantics
2013 =item Character encodings for input and output
2023 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2029 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2037 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2041 =item 13 variant characters
2049 =item Unicode and UTF
2053 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2055 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2057 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2071 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2073 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2075 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2077 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2085 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2087 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2089 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2091 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2095 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2099 =item URL decoding and encoding
2101 =item uu encoding and decoding
2103 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2105 =item Caesarian ciphers
2109 =item Hashing order and checksums
2113 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2125 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2145 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2153 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2155 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2157 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2161 =item Protecting Your Programs
2169 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2181 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2187 =item Making your module threadsafe
2195 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2201 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2205 =item Pragmatic Modules
2207 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2208 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2209 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings, warnings::register
2211 =item Standard Modules
2213 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2214 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2215 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2216 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2217 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2218 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2219 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2220 Dumpvalue, Encode, Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env,
2221 Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant,
2222 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2223 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
2224 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
2225 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
2226 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
2227 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
2228 File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2229 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2230 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2231 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate,
2232 I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
2233 Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language,
2234 Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2235 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize,
2236 Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile,
2237 Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File,
2238 Memoize::Saves, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config,
2239 Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping,
2240 Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
2241 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
2242 Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX,
2243 Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select,
2244 Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap,
2245 Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
2246 Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
2247 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Test::More,
2248 Test::Simple, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2249 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
2250 Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, Tie::Array,
2251 Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash,
2252 Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, UnicodeCD,
2253 User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2255 =item Extension Modules
2267 =item Central America
2279 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2283 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2285 Adding a Copyright Notice
2287 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2289 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2297 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2307 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2308 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2322 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2332 =item What should I make into a module?
2334 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2336 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2338 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2340 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2341 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2342 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2344 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2346 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2347 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2357 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2358 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2368 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2370 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2372 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2374 =item What is perl6?
2376 =item How stable is Perl?
2378 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2380 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2383 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2385 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2387 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2389 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2391 =item What is a JAPH?
2393 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2395 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2396 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2400 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2404 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2405 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2413 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2415 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2417 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2419 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2422 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2423 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2425 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2426 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2428 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2430 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2432 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2434 =item Where should I post source code?
2438 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2440 =item Perl in Magazines
2442 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2444 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2446 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2448 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2450 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2452 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2456 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2460 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2469 =item How do I do (anything)?
2471 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2473 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2475 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2477 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2479 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2481 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2483 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2485 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2487 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2488 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2489 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2491 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2493 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2495 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2497 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2499 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2501 =item What is undump?
2503 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2505 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2507 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2509 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2511 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2513 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2515 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2517 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2519 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2521 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2523 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2525 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2527 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2529 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2531 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2532 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2534 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2537 =item What's MakeMaker?
2541 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2545 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2556 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2557 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2559 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2561 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2564 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2566 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2568 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2570 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2572 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2574 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2582 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2584 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2586 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2588 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2590 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2592 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2594 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2602 =item How do I validate input?
2604 =item How do I unescape a string?
2606 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2608 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2610 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2612 =item How do I reverse a string?
2614 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2616 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2618 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2620 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2622 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2625 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2627 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2628 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2630 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2632 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2634 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2636 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2638 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2640 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2642 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2644 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2645 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2654 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2656 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2658 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2662 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
2665 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2666 intersection of two arrays?
2668 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2670 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2672 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2674 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2676 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2678 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2680 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2682 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2684 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2686 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2688 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2692 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2696 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2698 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2701 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2703 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2705 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2707 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2709 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2711 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2713 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2715 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2717 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2719 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2721 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2724 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2725 array of hashes or arrays?
2727 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2735 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2737 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2739 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2741 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2743 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2745 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2747 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2751 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2755 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2764 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2766 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2767 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2769 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2771 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2773 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2775 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2776 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2778 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2780 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2782 =item How can I write() into a string?
2784 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2786 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2788 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2790 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2792 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2794 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2796 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2798 =item How can I lock a file?
2800 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2802 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2803 the file. How can I do this?
2805 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
2806 file. Do I still have to use locking?
2808 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2810 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2812 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2814 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2816 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2818 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2820 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2822 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2824 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2826 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2828 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2830 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2831 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2833 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2835 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2836 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2838 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2840 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2844 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2848 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2856 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2857 and unmaintainable code?
2859 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2861 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2863 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2866 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2868 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2871 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2873 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2875 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2877 =item What is C</o> really for?
2879 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2882 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2884 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2886 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2888 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2890 =item How can I do approximate matching?
2892 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
2894 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
2896 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
2898 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
2900 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
2902 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
2904 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
2906 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
2910 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2914 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
2915 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
2923 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
2925 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
2928 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
2931 =item How do I skip some return values?
2933 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
2935 =item What's an extension?
2937 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
2939 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
2941 =item How do I create a module?
2943 =item How do I create a class?
2945 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
2947 =item What's a closure?
2949 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
2951 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
2954 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
2957 =item How do I create a static variable?
2959 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
2960 Between local() and my()?
2962 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
2965 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
2967 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
2969 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
2971 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
2973 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
2975 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
2977 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
2979 =item How can I find out my current package?
2981 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
2983 =item How do I clear a package?
2985 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
2989 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2993 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
3002 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3004 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3006 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3008 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3010 =item How do I print something out in color?
3012 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3014 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3016 =item How do I clear the screen?
3018 =item How do I get the screen size?
3020 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3022 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3024 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3026 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3028 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3030 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3032 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3034 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3036 =item How do I set the time and date?
3038 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3040 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3042 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3044 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3045 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3047 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3049 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3051 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3053 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3055 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3057 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3059 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3061 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3063 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3065 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3068 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3070 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3072 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3074 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3077 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3078 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3079 changes to be visible?
3083 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3086 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3088 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3090 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3092 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3094 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3096 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3098 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3100 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3102 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3104 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3106 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3108 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3111 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3113 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3117 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3121 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3130 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3133 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3135 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3137 =item How do I extract URLs?
3139 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3140 file on another machine?
3142 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3144 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3146 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3148 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3150 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3152 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3154 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3156 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3157 CGI script to do bad things?
3159 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3161 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3163 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3165 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3167 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3169 =item How do I send mail?
3171 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3173 =item How do I read mail?
3175 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3177 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3179 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3181 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3185 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3189 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3199 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3203 =item Using The Back Ends
3207 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3211 =item The Decompiling Back End
3213 =item The Lint Back End
3215 =item The Simple C Back End
3217 =item The Bytecode Back End
3219 =item The Optimized C Back End
3221 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3222 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3223 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3227 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3233 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3243 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3244 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3248 =item Compiling your C program
3250 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3252 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3254 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3256 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3258 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3260 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3262 =item Execution of END blocks
3264 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3266 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3271 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3281 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3287 =item Debugger Internals
3291 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3295 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3297 =item Debugging regular expressions
3301 =item Compile-time output
3303 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3304 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3305 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3308 =item Types of nodes
3310 =item Run-time output
3314 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3318 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3320 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3321 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3324 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3326 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3328 =item B<-DL> details
3332 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3340 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3352 =item Version caveat
3354 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3366 =item What has gone on?
3368 =item Writing good test scripts
3372 =item What's new here?
3374 =item Input and Output Parameters
3376 =item The XSUBPP Program
3378 =item The TYPEMAP file
3380 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3384 =item What has happened here?
3386 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3388 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3390 =item More about XSUB arguments
3392 =item The Argument Stack
3394 =item Extending your Extension
3396 =item Documenting your Extension
3398 =item Installing your Extension
3402 =item New Things in this Example
3406 =item New Things in this Example
3408 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3410 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3412 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3414 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3430 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3442 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3444 =item The Argument Stack
3446 =item The RETVAL Variable
3448 =item The MODULE Keyword
3450 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3452 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3454 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3456 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3458 =item The CODE: Keyword
3460 =item The INIT: Keyword
3462 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3464 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3466 =item Default Parameter Values
3468 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3470 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3472 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3474 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3476 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3478 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3480 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3482 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3484 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3486 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3488 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3490 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3492 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3494 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3496 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3498 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3500 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3502 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3504 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3506 =item The CASE: Keyword
3508 =item The & Unary Operator
3510 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3512 =item Using XS With C++
3514 =item Interface Strategy
3516 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3530 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3540 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3542 =item File Operations
3544 =item File Input and Output
3546 =item File Positioning
3548 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3550 =item Character Class Tests
3552 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3554 =item Miscellaneous functions
3562 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3574 =item What is an "IV"?
3576 =item Working with SVs
3580 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3582 =item Working with AVs
3584 =item Working with HVs
3586 =item Hash API Extensions
3590 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3592 =item Creating New Variables
3594 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3596 =item Stashes and Globs
3598 =item Double-Typed SVs
3600 =item Magic Variables
3602 =item Assigning Magic
3604 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3608 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3610 =item Localizing changes
3612 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3613 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3614 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3615 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3616 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3617 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3618 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3619 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3620 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3621 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3629 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3631 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3633 =item Memory Allocation
3637 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3641 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3651 =item Examining the tree
3653 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3655 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3657 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3659 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3661 =item Pluggable runops
3665 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3667 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3671 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3673 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3675 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3677 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3679 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3683 =item Internal Functions
3685 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3689 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3691 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3693 =item Source Documentation
3697 =item Unicode Support
3701 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3703 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3705 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3707 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3709 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3711 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3715 =item Custom Operators
3723 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3729 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3731 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3733 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3753 =item Determining the Context
3757 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3763 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3765 =item Passing Parameters
3767 =item Returning a Scalar
3769 =item Returning a list of values
3771 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3773 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3777 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3781 =item Using call_argv
3783 =item Using call_method
3787 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3789 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3791 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3792 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3795 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3797 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3809 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3819 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3820 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3821 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3822 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3826 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3828 =item Administration
3830 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3834 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3835 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3843 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3853 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3855 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3857 B<Decryption Filters>
3859 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3861 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3863 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3875 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3883 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3884 B<filter_fetch_value>
3890 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3892 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3902 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3908 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
3909 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
3910 ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
3911 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK,
3912 dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
3913 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, getcwd_sv, get_av, get_cv, get_hv,
3914 get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number,
3915 grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
3916 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD,
3917 G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV,
3918 HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete,
3919 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
3920 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
3921 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
3922 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
3923 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
3924 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
3925 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, NEWSV, newSViv,
3926 newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv,
3927 newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
3928 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_clone, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free,
3929 perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef,
3930 PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK,
3931 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL,
3932 Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, scan_bin, scan_hex, scan_oct,
3933 sharedsv_find, sharedsv_init, sharedsv_lock, sharedsv_new,
3934 sharedsv_thrcnt_dec, sharedsv_thrcnt_inc, sharedsv_unlock, SP, SPAGAIN, ST,
3935 strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy,
3936 SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
3937 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX,
3938 SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
3939 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
3940 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
3941 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
3942 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVX, SvPVx,
3943 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
3944 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV,
3945 SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
3946 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV,
3947 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
3948 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool, sv_2cv,
3949 sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
3950 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
3951 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
3952 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
3953 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec,
3954 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free,
3955 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
3956 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
3957 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
3958 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
3959 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset,
3960 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
3961 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
3962 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
3963 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
3964 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref,
3965 sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
3966 sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
3967 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER,
3968 toUPPER, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
3969 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
3970 uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN,
3971 XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV,
3972 XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV,
3973 XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
3981 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3988 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
3989 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena,
3990 sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
3998 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4008 =item History and Background
4010 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4012 =item Data Structures
4014 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
4015 data for a particular handle
4017 =item Functions and Attributes
4019 =item Per-instance Data
4021 =item Layers in action.
4023 =item Per-instance flag bits
4025 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4026 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4027 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4028 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4030 =item Methods in Detail
4032 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4033 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4034 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
4035 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
4036 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
4037 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
4038 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4039 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4040 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4041 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
4042 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
4043 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
4044 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
4045 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4049 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4051 =item Extension Layers
4053 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4059 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4067 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4068 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4069 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4070 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4071 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4072 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4073 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4074 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4075 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4076 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4077 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4081 =item Co-existence with stdio
4083 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4084 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4086 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4088 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4089 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4090 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4091 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4093 =item Other Functions
4095 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4096 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4102 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4108 =item To do during 5.6.x
4112 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4114 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4116 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4118 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4120 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4122 =item Unicode case mappings
4124 =item Unicode regular expression character classes
4126 =item use Thread for iThreads
4128 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4130 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4132 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4134 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4136 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4138 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4140 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4142 =item Complete signal handling
4144 =item Out-of-source builds
4146 =item POSIX realtime support
4148 =item UNIX98 support
4152 =item Long double conversion
4156 =item Thread-safe regexes
4158 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4160 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4162 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4164 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4166 =item Custom opcodes
4168 =item spawnvp() on Win32
4170 =item DLL Versioning
4172 =item Introduce @( and @)
4174 =item Floating point handling
4176 =item IV/UV preservation
4178 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4180 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4182 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4184 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4186 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4188 =item Document Win32 choices
4190 =item Check new modules
4192 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4196 =item To do at some point
4200 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4202 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4204 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4206 =item bitfields in pack
4208 =item Cross compilation
4210 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4212 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4214 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4216 =item -i rename file when changed
4218 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4220 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4222 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4224 =item my sub foo { }
4226 =item One-pass global destruction
4228 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4230 =item Cache recently used regexps
4232 =item Re-entrant functions
4234 =item Cross-compilation support
4236 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4238 =item debugger pragma
4240 =item use less pragma
4242 =item switch structures
4244 =item Cache eval tree
4248 =item Shrink opcode tables
4250 =item Optimize away @_
4252 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4256 =item Prototype method calls
4258 =item Return context prototype declarations
4262 =item Garbage collection
4266 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4268 =item Rewrite perldoc
4270 =item Install .3p manpages
4272 =item Unicode tutorial
4274 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4276 =item Retargetable installation
4278 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4280 =item Rename Win32 headers
4282 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4284 =item Update sprintf documentation
4286 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4294 =item ref() in list context
4296 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4298 =item Compile to real threaded code
4300 =item Structured types
4302 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4304 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4308 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4310 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4314 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4316 =item Constant function cache
4318 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4326 =item Update guts documentation
4328 =item Add more tests
4330 =item Update auxiliary tools
4334 =item Recently done things
4338 =item Safe signal handling
4344 =item setitimer and getimiter
4346 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4348 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4350 =item Explicit switch statements
4358 =item perlcc to produce executable
4360 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4362 =item Secure temporary file module
4364 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4366 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4368 =item Mmap for input
4370 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4372 =item Add sockatmark support
4374 =item Mailing list archives
4378 =item Integrate MacPerl
4380 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4382 =item Regular expression tutorial
4384 =item Debugging Tutorial
4386 =item Integrate new modules
4388 =item Integrate profiler
4390 =item Y2K error detection
4392 =item Regular expression debugger
4396 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4398 =item Cache precompiled modules
4402 =item Deprecated Wishes
4406 =item Loop control on do{}
4408 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4414 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4416 =item Named prototypes
4418 =item Built-in globbing
4420 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4422 =item Cached hash values
4424 =item Add compression modules
4426 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4428 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4430 =item Make XS easier to use
4432 =item Make embedding easier to use
4436 =item my $Package::variable
4438 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4440 =item "class"-based lexicals
4444 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4446 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4448 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4454 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4460 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4461 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4462 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4463 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4464 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4465 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4466 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4470 =item Keeping in sync
4472 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4473 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4475 =item Why rsync the source tree
4477 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
4479 =item Why rsync the patches
4481 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4482 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4484 =item Submitting patches
4486 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4487 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4489 =item Finding Your Way Around
4491 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4493 =item Elements of the interpreter
4495 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4497 =item Internal Variable Types
4503 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4505 =item Millions of Macros
4507 =item Poking at Perl
4509 =item Using a source-level debugger
4511 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4512 finish, 'enter', print
4514 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4518 =item Patching a core module
4520 =item Adding a new function to the core
4522 =item Writing a test
4524 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
4525 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>
4529 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4533 =item Rational Software's Purify
4535 =item Purify on Unix
4537 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4541 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4543 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4545 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4549 =item Gprof Profiling
4551 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4553 =item GCC gcov Profiling
4555 =item Pixie Profiling
4557 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4562 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4570 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4578 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4590 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4592 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4596 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4600 =head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0
4606 =item Reporting Bugs
4614 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
4620 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4622 =item Incompatible Changes
4626 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
4628 =item AIX Dynaloading
4630 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
4632 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
4638 =item Core Enhancements
4640 =item Modules and Pragmata
4644 =item New Modules and Distributions
4646 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4650 =item Utility Changes
4652 =item New Documentation
4654 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4658 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4660 =item Generic Improvements
4664 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4668 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4672 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4674 =item Source Code Enhancements
4678 =item MAGIC constants
4680 =item Better commented code
4682 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
4690 =item Known Problems
4696 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
4698 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4700 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
4702 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configur
4704 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
4706 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4710 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
4712 =item Failure of Thread tests
4722 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4724 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4726 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
4728 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4730 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4732 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
4736 =item Reporting Bugs
4744 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
4750 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4752 =item Incompatible Changes
4754 =item Core Enhancements
4758 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
4760 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
4762 =item Signals Are Now Safe
4766 =item Modules and Pragmata
4772 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4776 =item Performance Enhancements
4778 =item Utility Changes
4780 =item New Documentation
4796 =item README.solaris
4800 =item Porting/repository.pod
4804 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4808 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4810 =item Generic Improvements
4812 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
4813 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
4814 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
4818 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4822 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4826 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4828 =item Changed Internals
4832 =item Known Problems
4836 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4838 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4840 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4842 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4846 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4848 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4850 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4852 =item Failure of Thread tests
4854 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4856 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4858 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4860 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4864 =item Reporting Bugs
4872 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4878 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4880 =item Incompatible Changes
4882 =item Core Enhancements
4884 =item Modules and Pragmata
4890 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4894 =item Utility Changes
4896 =item New Documentation
4898 =item Performance Enhancements
4900 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4904 =item Generic Improvements
4908 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4912 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4916 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4918 =item Changed Internals
4920 =item Known Problems
4924 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4926 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4928 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4930 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4932 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4934 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4936 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4938 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4940 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4942 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4946 =item Reporting Bugs
4954 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4960 =item Core Enhancements
4964 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4966 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4968 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4970 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4972 =item "our" declarations
4974 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4976 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4978 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4980 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4982 =item open() with more than two arguments
4984 =item 64-bit support
4986 =item Large file support
4992 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4994 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4996 =item File globbing implemented internally
4998 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5000 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5002 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5004 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5006 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5008 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5010 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5012 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5014 =item Comments in pack() templates
5016 =item Weak references
5018 =item Binary numbers supported
5020 =item Lvalue subroutines
5022 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5024 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5026 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5028 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5030 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5032 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5034 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5036 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5038 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5040 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5042 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5044 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5046 =item Improved diagnostics
5048 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5050 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5052 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5054 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5056 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5058 =item Improved security features
5060 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5062 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5064 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5066 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5068 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5070 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5072 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5076 =item Modules and Pragmata
5082 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5083 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5084 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5085 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5086 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5087 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5088 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5089 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5095 =item Utility Changes
5109 =item The Perl Debugger
5113 =item Improved Documentation
5115 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5116 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5117 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5118 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5120 =item Performance enhancements
5124 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5126 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5128 =item Faster subroutine calls
5130 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5134 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5138 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5140 =item New Configure flags
5142 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5148 =item -Duselargefiles
5150 =item installusrbinperl
5156 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5160 =item Platform specific changes
5164 =item Supported platforms
5168 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5176 =item Significant bug fixes
5180 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5182 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5184 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5186 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5188 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5190 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5192 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5194 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5196 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5198 =item Locale bugs fixed
5202 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5204 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5206 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5208 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5212 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5214 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5215 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5216 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5217 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5218 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5219 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5220 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5221 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5222 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5223 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5224 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5225 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5226 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5227 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5228 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5229 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5230 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5231 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5232 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5233 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5234 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5235 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5236 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5237 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5238 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5239 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5240 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5241 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5242 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5243 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5244 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5245 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5246 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5247 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5248 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5249 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5250 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5251 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5252 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5253 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5254 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5255 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5256 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5257 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5258 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5259 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5260 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5261 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5262 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5263 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5267 =item Incompatible Changes
5271 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5273 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5274 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5275 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5276 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5277 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5278 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5279 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5280 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5281 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5282 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5283 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5285 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5287 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5289 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5291 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5293 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5297 =item Known Problems
5301 =item Thread test failures
5303 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5305 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5307 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5309 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5312 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5314 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5316 =item Experimental features
5318 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5319 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5320 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5324 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5326 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5327 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5328 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5329 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5331 =item Reporting Bugs
5339 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5345 =item About the new versioning system
5347 =item Incompatible Changes
5351 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5353 =item Default installation structure has changed
5355 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5357 =item C Source Compatibility
5359 =item Binary Compatibility
5361 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5363 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5377 =item Regular Expressions
5379 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5380 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5381 improvements, Incompatible changes
5383 =item Improved malloc()
5385 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5387 =item Reliable signals
5389 =item Reliable stack pointers
5391 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5395 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5397 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5399 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5401 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5403 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5405 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5407 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5409 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5411 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5413 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5415 =item Better locale support
5417 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5419 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5421 =item Extended support for exception handling
5423 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5425 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5427 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5429 =item New C<lock> keyword
5431 =item New C<qr//> operator
5433 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5435 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5437 =item Tied handles support is better
5439 =item 4th argument to substr
5441 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5443 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5445 =item <> now reads in records
5449 =item Supported Platforms
5455 =item Changes in existing support
5459 =item Modules and Pragmata
5465 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5466 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5467 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5469 =item Changes in existing modules
5471 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5472 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5476 =item Utility Changes
5478 =item Documentation Changes
5480 =item New Diagnostics
5482 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5483 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5484 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5485 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5486 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5487 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5488 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5489 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5490 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5491 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5492 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5493 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5494 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5495 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5496 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5497 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5498 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5500 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5502 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5503 temporary file, regexp too big
5505 =item Configuration Changes
5515 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5521 =item Supported Environments
5527 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5529 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5531 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5533 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5535 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5537 =item More precise warnings
5539 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5541 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5543 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5545 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5547 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5549 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5551 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5553 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5555 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5557 =item Changes to tainting checks
5559 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5560 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5562 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5564 =item Embedding improvements
5566 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5568 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5570 =item New and changed syntax
5574 =item New and changed builtin constants
5578 =item New and changed builtin variables
5582 =item New and changed builtin functions
5584 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5585 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5586 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5587 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5588 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5590 =item New builtin methods
5592 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5594 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5596 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5597 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5599 =item Malloc enhancements
5601 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5603 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5607 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5623 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5624 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5630 =item Required Updates
5632 =item Installation directories
5634 =item Module information summary
5648 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5652 =item Utility Changes
5658 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5662 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5666 =item C Language API Changes
5668 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5671 =item Documentation Changes
5673 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5674 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5676 =item New Diagnostics
5678 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5679 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5680 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5681 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5682 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5683 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5684 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5685 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5686 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5687 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5688 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5689 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5690 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5691 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5692 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5693 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5694 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5695 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5696 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5697 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5698 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5699 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5700 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5701 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5702 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5712 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5720 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5724 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5726 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5728 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5730 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5736 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
5746 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
5756 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5770 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
5772 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5774 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5776 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5782 =item Accessing documentation
5786 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
5788 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
5790 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
5792 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
5796 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
5800 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
5802 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
5804 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
5806 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
5808 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
5818 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
5826 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
5828 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
5832 =item Contact Information
5838 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
5848 =item gzip on BS2000
5850 =item bison on BS2000
5852 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
5854 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
5856 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
5858 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
5860 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
5862 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
5864 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
5898 =item Acknowledgements
5904 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5910 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
5914 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5916 =item Cygwin Configuration
5918 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5922 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
5926 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
5928 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
5930 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5931 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5933 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
5935 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5936 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5938 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
5940 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5944 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
5948 =item Warnings on Cygwin
5954 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
5958 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
5960 =item Hard Links on Cygwin
5962 =item Filetime Granularity on Cygwin
5964 =item Tainting Checks on Cygwin
5966 =item /etc/group on Cygwin
5968 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
5970 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5974 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
5976 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
5978 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5979 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5981 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
5989 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
6001 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
6005 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
6007 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
6009 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
6011 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
6021 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
6029 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
6031 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
6033 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
6035 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
6039 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
6041 =item PATH Names on Epoc
6043 =item Editors on Epoc
6045 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
6047 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
6049 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
6053 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
6061 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
6070 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
6080 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
6082 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
6084 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
6086 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
6088 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
6090 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
6092 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
6094 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
6096 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
6098 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
6100 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
6110 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
6118 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
6126 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
6135 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
6137 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
6139 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
6141 =item Building external modules on MachTen
6151 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
6165 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
6171 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
6177 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
6185 =item What's New in Perl ffor MPE/iX
6187 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
6189 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
6191 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
6193 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
6195 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
6196 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
6198 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
6202 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
6204 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
6206 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
6208 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
6210 =item Perl/iX Change History
6226 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
6238 =item Build new extensions
6242 =item Acknowledgements
6250 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
6270 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
6272 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
6274 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
6278 =item Frequently asked questions
6282 =item "It does not work"
6284 =item I cannot run external programs
6286 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
6289 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
6292 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
6294 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
6302 =item Automatic binary installation
6304 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
6306 =item Manual binary installation
6308 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
6309 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
6310 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
6311 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
6312 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
6318 =item Accessing documentation
6322 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
6330 =item GNU C<info> files
6342 =item The short story
6346 =item Getting perl source
6348 =item Application of the patches
6356 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
6359 =item Installing the built perl
6361 =item C<a.out>-style build
6369 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
6371 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
6373 =item Problems with tr or sed
6375 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
6377 =item Library ... not found
6379 =item Segfault in make
6381 =item op/sprintf test failure
6385 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
6389 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
6393 =item C<extproc> on the first line
6395 =item Additional modules:
6397 =item Prebuilt methods:
6399 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
6400 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
6401 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
6402 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
6403 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
6404 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
6405 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
6406 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
6407 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
6408 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
6409 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
6411 =item Prebuilt variables:
6413 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
6419 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
6422 =item Identifying DLLs
6424 =item Centralized management of resources
6440 =item F<perl___.exe>
6442 =item Why strange names?
6444 =item Why dynamic linking?
6446 =item Why chimera build?
6454 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6456 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6458 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6460 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6462 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6464 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6474 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
6476 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
6478 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
6481 =item DLL forwarder generation
6485 =item Calls to external programs
6487 =item Memory allocation
6491 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6507 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6517 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
6519 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
6521 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
6523 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
6525 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6527 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6529 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6531 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
6533 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6535 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
6545 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
6553 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
6561 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
6563 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
6565 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
6567 =item QNX auxiliary files
6571 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
6579 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
6589 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
6591 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
6593 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
6595 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
6599 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
6603 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
6615 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6623 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6629 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6635 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
6637 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
6639 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
6643 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6647 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6649 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
6651 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6655 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6657 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6658 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6659 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6665 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
6669 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
6671 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
6675 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
6679 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6681 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6685 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
6687 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
6689 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
6699 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
6700 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
6708 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
6710 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
6712 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
6714 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
6716 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
6718 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
6722 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
6728 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
6736 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
6738 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
6744 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6754 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
6756 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
6758 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
6760 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
6762 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
6772 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
6778 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6786 =item Organization of Perl Images
6792 =item Perl Extensions
6794 =item Installing static extensions
6796 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6800 =item File specifications
6806 =item Wildcard expansion
6812 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6818 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6820 =item Command line switches
6826 =item Perl functions
6828 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6829 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6830 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6831 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6833 =item Perl variables
6835 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
6837 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6851 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6859 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6863 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6867 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6869 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6873 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6877 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
6879 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
6883 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6891 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6893 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6905 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6915 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6925 =item Built-in Attributes
6927 locked, method, lvalue
6929 =item Available Subroutines
6933 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6935 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6937 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6945 =item Default exports
6947 =item Available exports
6949 =item Export tags defined
6959 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6971 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6987 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
7001 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
7015 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
7028 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
7037 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
7043 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
7053 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
7063 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
7074 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
7076 =item The I<splain> Program
7090 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
7104 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
7114 =item subpragma access
7120 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
7131 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
7141 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
7151 =item Adding directories to @INC
7153 =item Deleting directories from @INC
7155 =item Restoring original @INC
7165 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
7176 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
7184 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
7186 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
7192 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
7204 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
7214 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
7216 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
7218 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
7220 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
7222 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
7224 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
7226 =item Overloadable Operations
7228 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
7229 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
7230 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
7232 =item Inheritance and overloading
7234 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
7235 is inherited by derived classes
7239 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
7247 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
7249 =item Copy Constructor
7255 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
7257 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
7258 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
7259 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
7262 =item Losing overloading
7264 =item Run-time Overloading
7266 =item Public functions
7268 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
7270 =item Overloading constants
7272 integer, float, binary, q, qr
7274 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7276 =item Metaphor clash
7282 =item Two-face scalars
7284 =item Two-face references
7286 =item Symbolic calculator
7288 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
7296 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
7297 type, `%s' is not a code reference
7303 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7313 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
7325 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
7327 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
7331 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
7335 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
7343 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
7351 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
7355 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
7365 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
7376 =item Utility functions
7378 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
7379 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
7387 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
7397 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
7405 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
7406 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
7407 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
7408 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
7409 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
7413 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
7415 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
7417 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
7427 =item DBM Comparisons
7437 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
7447 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
7451 =item Typed lexicals
7453 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
7455 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
7457 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
7459 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
7467 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
7468 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
7469 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
7470 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>
7480 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
7490 =item Subroutine Stubs
7492 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7494 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7496 =item Package Lexicals
7498 =item Not Using AutoLoader
7500 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
7510 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
7518 $keep, $check, $modtime
7522 =item Multiple packages
7530 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
7538 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
7542 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
7550 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
7564 =item B::PVMG METHODS
7568 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
7570 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
7572 =item B::PVLV METHODS
7574 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
7578 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
7582 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
7583 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
7587 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
7588 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
7592 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
7596 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
7601 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
7603 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
7607 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
7609 =item B::UNOP METHOD
7613 =item B::BINOP METHOD
7617 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
7621 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
7625 =item B::PMOP METHODS
7627 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
7629 =item B::SVOP METHOD
7633 =item B::PADOP METHOD
7637 =item B::PVOP METHOD
7641 =item B::LOOP METHODS
7643 redoop, nextop, lastop
7645 =item B::COP METHODS
7647 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
7651 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
7653 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
7654 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
7655 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
7656 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
7663 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
7676 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
7688 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7700 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7710 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7711 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7712 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7722 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7732 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7733 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7743 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7753 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7754 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7755 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7767 =item Context of ".."
7771 =item Deprecated features
7779 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
7789 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
7790 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
7791 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
7793 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
7795 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
7796 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
7797 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
7798 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
7799 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
7800 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
7801 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7802 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
7808 =item OP flags abbreviations
7810 =item OP class abbreviations
7814 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
7820 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7832 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7842 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7843 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
7845 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7855 =item ambient_pragmas
7857 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
7869 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7881 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7889 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7891 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7892 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7894 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7904 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7914 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7920 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7932 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7944 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7946 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7958 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7968 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7976 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7988 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
8002 =item Standard Exports
8004 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
8005 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
8006 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
8008 =item Optional Exports
8010 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
8011 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
8012 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
8028 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
8032 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
8046 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
8056 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
8057 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
8058 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
8068 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
8080 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
8082 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
8084 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
8086 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
8088 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
8090 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
8092 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
8094 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
8096 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
8098 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
8100 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
8102 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
8104 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
8106 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
8108 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
8110 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
8112 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
8114 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
8115 B<:standard>, B<:all>
8119 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
8120 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
8123 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
8125 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
8126 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
8131 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
8135 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
8137 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
8139 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
8141 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
8143 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
8145 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
8147 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
8149 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
8150 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
8152 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
8156 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
8160 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
8162 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
8164 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
8166 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
8168 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
8170 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
8171 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
8173 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
8177 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
8181 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
8183 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
8185 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
8187 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
8191 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
8193 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
8195 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
8199 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
8201 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
8205 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
8209 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
8213 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
8217 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
8221 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
8223 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
8225 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
8229 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
8233 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
8239 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
8240 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
8242 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
8244 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
8245 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
8248 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
8254 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
8258 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
8260 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
8261 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
8262 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
8263 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
8264 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
8266 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
8268 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
8273 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
8275 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
8277 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
8278 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
8280 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
8282 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8286 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
8287 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
8288 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
8289 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
8290 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
8291 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
8292 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
8293 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
8294 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
8295 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
8296 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
8297 ...and many many more..
8299 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
8307 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
8317 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8325 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
8334 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
8336 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
8340 =item Changing the default message
8344 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
8354 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
8362 =item USING CGI::Cookie
8364 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
8368 =item Creating New Cookies
8370 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
8372 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
8374 =item Manipulating Cookies
8376 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
8380 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8388 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
8396 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
8398 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
8400 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
8402 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
8404 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
8406 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
8410 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8418 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
8428 =item Tags that won't be formatted
8430 =item Customizing the Indenting
8442 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
8450 =item USING CGI::Push
8452 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
8456 =item Heterogeneous Pages
8458 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
8462 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
8464 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8472 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
8482 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8490 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
8498 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8504 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
8514 =item Interactive Mode
8516 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
8517 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
8518 distribution, ls author, Signals
8526 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
8528 =item Programmer's interface
8530 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
8532 =item Methods in the other Classes
8534 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
8535 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
8536 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
8537 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
8538 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
8539 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
8540 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
8541 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
8542 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
8543 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
8544 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
8545 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
8546 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
8547 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
8548 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
8549 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
8550 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
8551 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
8552 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
8553 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
8554 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
8555 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
8556 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
8557 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
8558 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
8559 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
8567 =item Finding packages and VERSION
8571 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
8577 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
8578 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
8579 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
8580 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
8584 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
8586 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
8594 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
8596 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
8600 =item Three basic types of firewalls
8602 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
8604 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
8610 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
8622 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
8632 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
8645 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
8655 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
8663 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
8665 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
8675 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
8676 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
8677 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
8679 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
8687 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
8697 =item The C<struct()> function
8699 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
8701 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
8703 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
8704 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
8706 =item Initializing with C<new>
8712 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
8714 =item Author and Modification History
8718 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
8726 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8738 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8742 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
8743 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
8744 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
8749 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8750 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8754 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8755 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8756 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8757 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
8758 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
8759 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
8763 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8764 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8765 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8766 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8767 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
8768 C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>,
8769 C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>,
8770 C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
8771 C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>,
8772 C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
8773 C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
8774 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
8775 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
8776 C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
8777 C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
8778 C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>,
8779 C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>,
8780 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
8781 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>,
8782 C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
8783 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
8784 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
8785 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
8786 C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>,
8787 C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
8788 C<d_htonl>, C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>,
8789 C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
8790 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>,
8791 C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>,
8792 C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>,
8793 C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>,
8794 C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>,
8795 C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>,
8796 C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>,
8797 C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>,
8798 C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>,
8799 C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>,
8800 C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>,
8801 C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
8802 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
8803 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
8804 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
8805 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
8806 C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>,
8807 C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>,
8808 C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>,
8809 C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
8810 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>,
8811 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
8812 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
8813 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
8814 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>,
8815 C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
8816 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setpwent>,
8817 C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>,
8818 C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
8819 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
8820 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
8821 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
8822 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
8823 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
8824 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
8825 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
8826 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
8827 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>,
8828 C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>,
8829 C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>,
8830 C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
8831 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
8832 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
8833 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
8834 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
8835 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>,
8836 C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
8837 C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>,
8838 C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
8839 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
8840 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8844 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8845 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
8849 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8850 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
8855 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8856 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8860 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8864 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8865 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8866 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_fp>,
8867 C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
8868 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
8869 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
8870 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
8871 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
8872 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
8873 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
8874 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
8875 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
8876 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
8877 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
8878 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
8879 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
8880 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
8881 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
8882 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
8883 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
8884 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
8885 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
8886 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
8887 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
8891 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8895 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8896 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8897 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8898 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8899 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8900 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8904 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8905 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8906 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8910 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8911 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8915 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8916 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8917 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8918 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8922 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8923 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8927 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8928 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
8932 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8933 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8934 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8935 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8939 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8943 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8944 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
8948 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8949 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8950 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8951 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
8952 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
8953 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
8954 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
8955 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
8956 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
8957 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
8958 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
8959 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
8960 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
8961 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8965 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
8966 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8970 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8971 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8972 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8973 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
8974 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
8975 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
8976 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
8977 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
8978 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8982 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8983 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8984 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
8985 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8989 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8993 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
9005 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
9015 =item getcwd and friends
9017 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
9019 =item abs_path and friends
9021 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
9033 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
9045 =item Global Variables
9047 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
9048 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
9053 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
9054 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
9056 =item Client Callback Methods
9058 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
9059 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
9060 CLIENT->output(LIST)
9070 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
9078 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
9082 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
9084 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
9086 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
9088 =item Default Parameters
9090 =item In Memory Databases
9098 =item A Simple Example
9106 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
9108 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
9110 =item The get_dup() Method
9112 =item The find_dup() Method
9114 =item The del_dup() Method
9116 =item Matching Partial Keys
9124 =item The 'bval' Option
9126 =item A Simple Example
9128 =item Extra RECNO Methods
9130 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
9131 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
9134 =item Another Example
9138 =item THE API INTERFACE
9140 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
9141 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
9142 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
9143 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
9147 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
9148 B<filter_fetch_value>
9154 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
9156 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
9160 =item HINTS AND TIPS
9164 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
9166 =item Safe ways to lock a database
9168 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
9170 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
9172 =item The untie() Gotcha
9176 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
9180 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
9182 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
9184 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
9186 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
9206 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
9207 printing and C<eval>
9219 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
9220 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
9221 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
9228 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
9230 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9231 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9232 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9233 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9234 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9235 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9236 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9237 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9238 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9239 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9240 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9241 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
9261 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
9269 =item PROFILE FORMAT
9281 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
9291 =item Memory footprint debugging
9299 =item A simple scalar string
9301 =item A simple scalar number
9303 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
9305 =item A reference to a simple scalar
9307 =item A reference to an array
9309 =item A reference to a hash
9311 =item Dumping a large array or hash
9313 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
9315 =item A reference to a subroutine
9329 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
9339 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
9347 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
9351 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
9352 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
9353 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
9361 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
9371 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
9375 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
9376 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
9388 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
9400 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
9412 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
9413 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
9414 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
9419 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
9420 veryCompact, set, get
9426 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
9434 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
9435 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
9436 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
9437 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
9444 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
9457 =head2 Encode - character encodings
9475 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
9477 =item Types of Encodings
9479 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
9480 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
9482 =item Specifying Encodings
9484 1. By name, 2. As an object
9486 =item Encoding Names
9488 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
9489 The name used by the the organization that defined it
9493 =item PERL ENCODING API
9497 =item Generic Encoding Interface
9499 =item Handling Malformed Data
9501 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
9505 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
9507 =item Listing available encodings
9509 =item Defining Aliases
9511 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
9514 =item Defining Encodings
9518 =item Encoding and IO
9520 =item Encoding How to ...
9522 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
9523 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
9525 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
9527 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
9529 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
9531 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
9532 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
9536 =item Compiled Encodings
9538 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
9539 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
9547 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
9548 of the Encode extension
9554 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9562 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
9564 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
9570 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9578 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
9591 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
9606 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
9622 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
9634 =item Selecting What To Export
9636 =item Specialised Import Lists
9638 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
9640 =item Module Version Checking
9642 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
9644 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
9650 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
9660 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
9681 mv source... destination
9683 cp source... destination
9701 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
9711 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, PVN, YES, NO, UNDEF
9721 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
9723 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
9727 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
9733 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
9736 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9738 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
9740 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
9741 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9749 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
9761 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
9762 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
9772 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
9782 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
9794 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
9795 packlist(), version()
9803 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
9811 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
9817 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
9827 =item VMS implementation
9829 =item Win32 implementation
9837 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9846 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
9850 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9877 test_via_harness (o)
9879 tool_autosplit (override)
9897 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9912 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
9924 =item Preloaded methods
9944 =item SelfLoaded methods
9990 file_name_is_absolute
9996 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
10036 maybe_command_in_dirs
10064 post_initialize (o)
10074 replace_manpage_separator
10088 test_via_harness (o)
10090 test_via_script (o)
10120 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10121 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10131 =item Methods always loaded
10143 =item SelfLoaded methods
10145 guess_name (override)
10149 find_perl (override)
10153 maybe_command (override)
10155 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
10157 perl_script (override)
10159 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10161 replace_manpage_separator
10163 init_others (override)
10165 constants (override)
10169 const_cccmd (override)
10171 pm_to_blib (override)
10173 tool_autosplit (override)
10175 tool_sxubpp (override)
10177 xsubpp_version (override)
10179 tools_other (override)
10189 top_targets (override)
10193 dynamic_lib (override)
10195 dynamic_bs (override)
10197 static_lib (override)
10199 manifypods (override)
10201 processPL (override)
10203 installbin (override)
10205 subdir_x (override)
10209 realclean (override)
10211 dist_basics (override)
10213 dist_core (override)
10215 dist_dir (override)
10217 dist_test (override)
10221 perldepend (override)
10223 makefile (override)
10227 test_via_harness (override)
10229 test_via_script (override)
10231 makeaperl (override)
10233 nicetext (override)
10235 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10236 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10262 test_via_harness (o)
10264 tool_autosplit (override)
10282 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
10292 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
10294 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
10302 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
10306 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
10308 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
10310 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
10312 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
10314 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
10315 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
10316 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
10317 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
10318 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
10319 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
10320 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
10321 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
10322 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
10323 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
10324 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE,
10325 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERM_RW,
10326 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
10327 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TEST_LIBS, VERSION,
10328 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
10330 =item Additional lowercase attributes
10332 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
10335 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
10337 =item Hintsfile support
10339 =item Distribution Support
10341 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
10342 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
10343 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
10345 =item Disabling an extension
10359 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
10367 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
10371 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
10375 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
10376 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
10380 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
10388 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
10400 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
10410 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
10419 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
10427 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
10439 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
10447 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
10457 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
10469 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
10479 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
10483 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
10491 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
10495 C<basename>, C<dirname>
10499 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
10509 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
10523 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
10533 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
10535 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
10547 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
10555 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
10567 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
10575 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
10576 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
10577 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
10587 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
10595 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
10596 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
10597 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
10601 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
10609 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
10621 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
10631 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
10632 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
10633 splitdir, catpath, abs2rel, rel2abs
10641 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
10675 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
10693 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
10721 file_name_is_absolute
10741 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
10751 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
10784 file_name_is_absolute
10806 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
10822 =item Methods always loaded
10824 canonpath (override)
10842 case_tolerant (override)
10846 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10848 splitpath (override)
10850 splitdir (override)
10864 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
10894 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
10918 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
10932 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
10942 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
10950 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
10958 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
10960 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
10972 =item Temporary files and NFS
10984 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
10998 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
11010 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
11018 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
11024 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
11038 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
11040 =item All-in-one interface
11042 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
11054 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
11064 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
11068 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
11070 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
11078 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
11080 =item Example 2: Using the context
11082 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
11084 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
11088 =item Filter::Simple
11096 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
11104 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
11114 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
11130 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
11138 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
11140 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
11144 =item Simple options
11146 =item A little bit less simple options
11148 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
11150 =item Options with values
11152 =item Options with multiple values
11154 =item Options with hash values
11156 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
11158 =item Options with multiple names
11160 =item Case and abbreviations
11162 =item Summary of Option Specifications
11164 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
11168 =item Advanced Possibilities
11172 =item Object oriented interface
11174 =item Documentation and help texts
11176 =item Storing options in a hash
11180 =item The lonesome dash
11182 =item Argument call-back
11186 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
11188 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
11189 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
11190 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
11191 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
11192 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
11194 =item Return values and Errors
11200 =item Default destinations
11202 =item Alternative option starters
11204 =item Configuration variables
11208 =item Trouble Shooting
11212 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
11214 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
11221 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11225 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
11236 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
11247 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
11258 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
11260 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
11262 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11264 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11266 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
11268 the function super_languages($lang1)
11270 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
11272 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
11274 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
11276 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
11280 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
11282 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
11292 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
11300 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
11302 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
11304 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
11305 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
11306 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
11307 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
11308 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
11309 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
11310 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
11311 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
11312 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
11313 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
11314 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
11315 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
11316 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
11317 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
11318 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
11319 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
11320 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
11321 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
11322 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
11323 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
11324 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
11325 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
11326 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
11327 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
11328 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
11329 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
11330 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
11331 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
11332 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
11333 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
11334 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
11335 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
11336 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
11337 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
11338 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
11339 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
11340 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
11341 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
11342 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
11343 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
11344 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
11345 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
11346 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
11347 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
11348 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
11349 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
11350 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
11351 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
11352 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
11353 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
11354 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
11355 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
11356 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
11357 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
11358 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
11359 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
11360 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
11361 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
11362 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
11363 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
11364 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
11365 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
11366 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
11367 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
11368 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
11369 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
11370 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
11371 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
11372 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
11373 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
11374 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
11375 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
11376 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
11377 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
11378 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
11379 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
11380 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
11381 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
11382 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
11383 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
11384 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
11385 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
11386 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
11387 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
11388 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
11389 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
11390 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
11391 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
11392 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
11393 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
11394 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
11395 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
11396 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
11397 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
11398 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
11399 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
11400 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
11401 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
11402 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
11403 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
11404 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
11405 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
11406 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
11407 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
11408 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
11409 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
11410 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
11411 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
11412 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
11413 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
11414 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
11415 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
11416 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
11417 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
11418 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
11419 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
11420 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
11421 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
11422 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
11426 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11432 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
11450 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
11454 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
11464 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
11472 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11473 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11483 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11493 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11497 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11505 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
11515 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11519 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11520 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11521 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11522 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11534 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11544 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11548 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11558 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11568 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11569 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11579 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
11587 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11588 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11597 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
11607 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11611 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11612 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11613 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11623 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
11637 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11638 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11648 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
11664 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11677 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
11691 hostpath(), peerpath()
11701 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
11710 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11711 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11721 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11731 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11735 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11743 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
11754 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11758 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11759 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11760 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11761 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11773 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11783 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11787 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11797 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11807 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11808 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11818 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
11827 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11828 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11837 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
11848 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11852 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11853 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11854 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11864 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
11879 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11880 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11890 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
11891 AF_INET domain sockets
11907 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11920 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
11921 AF_UNIX domain sockets
11935 hostpath(), peerpath()
11945 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11955 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11956 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11967 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
11981 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
11994 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
12004 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
12005 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
12006 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
12017 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
12035 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
12045 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
12046 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
12057 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
12068 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
12069 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
12070 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
12081 =head2 Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util - utility functions for Hangul Syllables
12091 =item Composition and Decomposition
12093 C<$string_decomposed = decomposeHangul($codepoint)>, C<@codepoints =
12094 decomposeHangul($codepoint)>, C<$string_composed =
12095 composeHangul($src_string)>, C<@codepoints_composed =
12096 composeHangul($src_string)>
12098 =item Hangul Syllable Name
12100 C<$name = getHangulName($codepoint)>, C<$codepoint =
12101 parseHangulName($name)>
12111 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15
12115 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
12123 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
12124 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
12126 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
12132 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
12133 general-utility list subroutines
12141 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
12142 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
12144 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
12150 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
12151 general-utility scalar subroutines
12159 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
12160 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
12168 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
12176 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12180 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
12188 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
12200 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
12206 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12208 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
12209 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
12215 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12217 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
12223 =item CODE ALIASING
12233 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12237 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
12238 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
12239 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
12240 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
12248 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
12249 identification (ISO 4217)
12267 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12269 code2currency(), currency2code()
12275 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12277 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
12285 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12289 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
12297 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
12314 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12316 code2language(), language2code()
12322 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12324 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
12332 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12336 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
12337 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
12345 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
12353 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12359 =item Construction Methods
12361 =item The "maketext" Method
12363 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
12365 =item Utility Methods
12367 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
12368 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
12369 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
12370 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
12372 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
12376 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
12378 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
12380 =item BRACKET NOTATION
12382 =item AUTO LEXICONS
12384 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
12386 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
12390 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12396 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
12404 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
12408 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
12410 =item The Linguistic View
12412 =item Breaking gettext
12414 =item Replacing gettext
12416 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
12418 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
12420 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
12422 =item Buzzword: Concision
12424 =item The Devil in the Details
12426 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
12434 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
12442 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
12446 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
12454 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
12455 of quoted-printable strings
12463 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12469 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
12478 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12484 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
12494 =item Canonical notation
12498 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
12500 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
12504 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
12505 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
12513 =item Autocreating constants
12519 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
12527 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
12535 Canonical notation, Input, Output
12537 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
12547 =item Rounding mode R
12549 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
12550 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
12551 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
12564 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
12570 use Math::BigInt qw(bstr);
12572 =item Autocreating constants
12578 =item Alternative math libraries
12584 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
12588 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), bdiv, bdiv, Modifying and =,
12589 bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types, bsqrt()
12599 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
12609 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
12613 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
12615 the same terms as Perl itself.
12623 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
12636 =item STRINGIFICATION
12640 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
12646 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
12648 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
12656 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
12664 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
12670 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
12672 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
12676 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12678 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
12682 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
12684 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12686 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
12687 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
12691 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
12697 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
12707 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
12725 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
12727 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
12731 =item OTHER FACILITIES
12737 =item C<flush_cache>
12743 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
12745 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
12753 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
12759 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
12768 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
12779 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
12791 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
12799 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
12807 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
12816 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
12825 =head2 Memoize::Saves - Plug-in module to specify which return values
12842 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
12850 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
12858 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12864 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12868 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12872 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
12882 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
12888 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
12898 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
12901 =item CLASS METHODS
12903 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
12904 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
12905 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
12915 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
12925 requires_firewall HOST
12927 =item NetConfig VALUES
12929 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
12930 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
12931 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
12935 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
12944 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
12952 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
12964 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
12968 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
12969 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
12970 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
12971 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
12972 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
12973 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
12974 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
12975 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
12976 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
12977 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
12978 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
12979 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
12980 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
12984 =item Methods for the adventurous
12990 =item THE dataconn CLASS
12992 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
12993 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
12995 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
12997 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
12999 =item REPORTING BUGS
13007 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
13015 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
13025 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
13029 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
13030 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
13031 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
13032 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
13033 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
13038 =item Extension methods
13040 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
13041 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
13042 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
13043 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
13052 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
13062 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
13074 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
13078 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
13079 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
13080 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
13081 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
13093 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
13101 icmp, udp, tcp, stream, external
13107 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
13108 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
13116 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
13128 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
13132 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), mail ( ADDRESS [,
13133 OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail (
13134 ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ),
13135 to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc (
13136 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify
13137 ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit ()
13147 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
13155 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
13156 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
13164 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
13181 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
13189 =item Where to get this document
13191 =item How to contribute to this document
13195 =item Author and Copyright Information
13203 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
13207 =item What is libnet ?
13209 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
13211 =item What other modules do I need ?
13213 =item What machines support libnet ?
13215 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
13219 =item Using Net::FTP
13223 =item How do I download files from a FTP server ?
13225 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
13227 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
13229 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
13232 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
13234 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
13236 =item How do I get a directory listing from a FTP server ?
13238 =item Changeing directory to "" does not fail ?
13240 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
13242 =item I am behind a FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
13245 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
13247 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
13250 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
13253 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
13257 =item Using Net::SMTP
13261 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
13264 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
13266 =item The verify method always returns true ?
13270 =item Debugging scripts
13274 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
13278 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
13282 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
13299 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
13314 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
13331 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
13339 =item THE .netrc FILE
13341 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
13346 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
13350 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
13360 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
13370 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13376 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
13384 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13390 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13394 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13398 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
13410 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
13412 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
13413 or optag, an operator set (opset)
13415 =item Opcode Functions
13417 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
13418 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
13419 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
13422 =item Manipulating Opsets
13424 =item TO DO (maybe)
13430 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
13432 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
13433 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
13434 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
13443 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
13452 a new namespace, an operator mask
13458 =item RECENT CHANGES
13460 =item Methods in class Safe
13462 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
13463 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
13464 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
13465 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
13467 =item Some Safety Issues
13469 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
13477 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
13490 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
13504 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
13505 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
13506 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
13507 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
13508 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
13509 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
13510 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
13511 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
13512 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
13513 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
13514 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
13515 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
13516 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
13517 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
13518 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
13519 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
13520 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
13521 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
13522 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
13523 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
13524 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
13525 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
13526 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
13527 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
13528 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
13535 =item POSIX::SigAction
13539 =item POSIX::SigSet
13541 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
13543 =item POSIX::Termios
13545 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
13546 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
13547 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
13548 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
13549 values, c_oflag field values
13553 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
13557 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
13561 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
13619 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
13628 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
13632 =item Defaults and how to override them
13642 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
13652 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
13660 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
13661 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
13662 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
13663 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
13664 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
13665 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
13666 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
13670 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
13676 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
13682 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
13694 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
13695 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
13696 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
13697 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
13698 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
13699 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
13700 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
13701 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
13706 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
13707 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
13708 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
13709 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
13710 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
13711 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
13715 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
13716 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
13728 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
13730 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
13733 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
13735 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
13737 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
13739 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
13741 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
13749 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
13761 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
13763 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
13770 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
13776 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
13778 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
13785 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
13797 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
13807 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
13808 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
13823 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
13836 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
13837 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
13843 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
13867 =item B<was_cutting()>
13873 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
13879 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
13885 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
13891 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
13897 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13903 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
13909 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
13915 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
13921 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
13927 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
13933 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
13939 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
13945 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
13951 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
13957 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
13963 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13969 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
13975 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
13981 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
13987 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
13993 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
13999 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
14005 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
14011 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
14017 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
14023 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
14029 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
14035 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14041 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
14053 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
14065 =item OBJECT METHODS
14073 =item Data Accessors
14089 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
14091 B<StartWithNewPage>
14105 =item Subclassed methods
14119 B<interior_sequence>
14135 =item Methods for headings
14143 =item Internal methods
14149 B<_replace_special_chars>
14155 B<_clean_latex_commands>
14171 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
14179 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
14184 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
14185 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
14186 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown sequence %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back
14194 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14198 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
14212 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
14220 $list-E<gt>indent()
14228 $list-E<gt>parent()
14234 =item Pod::Hyperlink
14236 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
14240 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
14242 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
14246 $link-E<gt>warning()
14248 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
14254 $link-E<gt>alttext()
14264 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
14270 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
14274 =item Pod::Cache::Item
14276 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
14280 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
14282 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
14284 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
14286 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
14288 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
14290 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
14292 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
14302 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
14314 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
14316 =item PARSING OPTIONS
14318 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
14319 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
14325 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14333 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14339 =item B<verbatim()>
14341 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14347 =item B<textblock()>
14349 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14355 =item B<interior_sequence()>
14361 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14373 =item B<initialize()>
14379 =item B<begin_pod()>
14385 =item B<begin_input()>
14391 =item B<end_input()>
14403 =item B<preprocess_line()>
14409 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
14415 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
14421 =item B<parse_text()>
14423 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
14424 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
14425 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
14431 =item B<interpolate()>
14437 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
14443 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
14449 =item B<parse_from_file()>
14455 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
14461 =item B<errorsub()>
14473 =item B<parseopts()>
14479 =item B<output_file()>
14485 =item B<output_handle()>
14491 =item B<input_file()>
14497 =item B<input_handle()>
14503 =item B<input_streams()>
14509 =item B<top_stream()>
14515 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14521 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
14527 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
14533 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
14541 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
14561 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
14574 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
14576 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
14582 =item OBJECT METHODS
14588 =item B<curr_headings()>
14600 =item B<add_selection()>
14606 =item B<clear_selections()>
14612 =item B<match_section()>
14618 =item B<is_selected()>
14624 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
14630 =item B<podselect()>
14632 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
14638 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14644 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
14650 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
14656 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
14668 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
14676 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
14680 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
14681 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
14682 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
14692 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14696 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
14710 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14714 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
14729 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14733 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
14734 text with format escapes
14746 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14750 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
14759 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
14768 =item Recommended Use
14776 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
14780 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
14788 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14794 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14798 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14802 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
14810 a new namespace, an operator mask
14816 =item RECENT CHANGES
14818 =item Methods in class Safe
14820 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
14821 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
14822 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
14823 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
14825 =item Some Safety Issues
14827 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
14835 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
14843 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
14844 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14852 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
14862 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
14872 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
14882 =item The __DATA__ token
14884 =item SelfLoader autoloading
14886 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
14888 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
14890 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
14892 =item Classes and inherited methods.
14896 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
14900 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
14910 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
14918 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
14919 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
14927 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
14928 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
14929 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
14930 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
14931 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
14935 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
14945 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
14949 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
14951 =item ERROR REPORTING
14959 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
14964 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
14965 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
14989 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
15003 =item Allowing fall-through
15005 =item Automating fall-through
15007 =item Alternative syntax
15009 =item Higher-order Operations
15023 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
15033 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
15045 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
15046 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
15054 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
15055 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
15066 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
15067 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
15075 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
15076 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
15087 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
15097 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
15098 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
15099 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
15103 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
15117 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
15129 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
15137 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
15147 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
15148 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
15156 =item Minimal set of supported functions
15158 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
15159 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
15161 =item Additional supported functions
15163 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
15173 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
15199 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
15203 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15213 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
15223 =item The test script output
15225 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
15226 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
15227 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
15231 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
15256 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
15257 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
15258 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
15259 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
15263 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
15264 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
15279 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
15289 =item I love it when a plan comes together
15293 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
15323 =item Conditional tests
15333 =item Comparision functions
15347 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15349 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family have some caveats, Test::Harness
15360 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
15392 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Pod::Tests>, L<SelfTest>,
15397 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
15409 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
15419 =item General behaviour in list contexts
15423 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
15425 =item A note about prefixes
15427 =item C<extract_delimited>
15429 =item C<extract_bracketed>
15431 =item C<extract_tagged>
15433 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
15434 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
15436 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
15438 =item C<extract_quotelike>
15440 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
15442 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
15444 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
15446 =item C<extract_codeblock>
15448 =item C<extract_multiple>
15450 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
15456 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
15457 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
15458 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
15459 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
15460 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
15461 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
15462 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
15463 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
15464 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
15465 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
15466 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
15467 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
15472 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15478 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
15493 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
15510 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
15525 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
15539 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
15552 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
15553 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
15554 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
15558 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
15566 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
15574 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15576 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
15582 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
15590 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15592 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
15596 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
15608 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
15618 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
15626 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
15627 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
15628 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
15629 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
15637 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
15646 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
15647 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
15648 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
15649 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
15651 =item MORE INFORMATION
15653 =item COMPATIBILITY
15657 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
15665 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
15666 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
15670 =item MORE INFORMATION
15674 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
15692 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
15701 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
15703 =item MORE INFORMATION
15707 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
15719 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution ualarm, usleep, and gettimeofday
15727 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
15728 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
15729 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
15730 getitimer ( $which )
15746 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
15754 =item IMPLEMENTATION
15760 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
15775 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
15790 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
15802 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
15810 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
15811 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
15815 =head2 Unicode::Collate - use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
15825 =item Constructor and Tailoring
15827 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
15828 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
15829 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
15831 =item Other methods
15833 C<@sorted = $UCA-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result = $UCA-E<gt>cmp($a,
15834 $b)>, C<$sortKey = $UCA-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
15835 $UCA-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
15836 $UCA-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
15848 L<Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util>, L<Unicode::Normalize>, Unicode Collation
15849 Algorithm - Unicode TR #10
15853 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - normalized forms of Unicode text
15861 C<$string_NFD = NFD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFC = NFC($raw_string)>,
15862 C<$string_NFKD = NFKD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFKC = NFKC($raw_string)>,
15863 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $raw_string)>
15875 L<Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util>, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/
15879 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
15921 =item Blocks versus Scripts
15923 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
15925 =item Code Point Arguments
15951 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
15957 =item Implementation Note
15967 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
15982 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
15993 =item System Specifics
16007 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
16015 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
16017 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
16018 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
16019 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
16020 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
16021 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
16022 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
16023 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
16024 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
16025 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
16026 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
16027 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
16028 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
16029 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
16030 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
16031 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
16032 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
16038 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
16056 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
16068 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
16070 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
16071 don't all have manual pages yet:
16097 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles