4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
240 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST,
365 open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR
366 : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
367 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
368 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
369 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
370 qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
371 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
372 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
373 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
374 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
375 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
376 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
377 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
378 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
379 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
380 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
381 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
382 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
383 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
384 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
385 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
386 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
387 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
388 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
389 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
390 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
391 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
392 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
393 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
394 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
395 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
396 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
397 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
398 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
399 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
400 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
401 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
402 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
403 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
404 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
410 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
416 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
424 =item Making References
426 =item Using References
444 =item Distribution Conditions
450 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
456 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
457 more elaborate constructs
461 =item COMMON MISTAKES
463 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
465 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
471 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
475 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
477 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
479 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
483 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
487 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
489 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
491 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
495 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
499 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
501 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
503 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
507 =item HASHES OF HASHES
511 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
513 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
515 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
519 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
523 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
525 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
527 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
539 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
549 =item Simple word matching
551 =item Using character classes
553 =item Matching this or that
555 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
557 =item Extracting matches
559 =item Matching repetitions
563 =item Search and replace
565 =item The split operator
573 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
577 =item Acknowledgments
583 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
591 =item Verbatim Paragraph
593 =item Command Paragraph
595 =item Ordinary Block of Text
599 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
601 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
611 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
619 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
637 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
639 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
640 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
641 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
642 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
644 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
646 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
647 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
648 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
652 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
654 =item Numerical Traps
656 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
658 =item General data type traps
660 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
661 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
663 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
665 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
667 =item Precedence Traps
669 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
672 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
674 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
675 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
678 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
680 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
686 =item Interpolation Traps
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
689 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
695 =item Unclassified Traps
697 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
704 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
714 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
716 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
718 =item Location of Perl
720 =item Command Switches
722 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
723 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
724 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
725 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
726 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
727 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
734 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
735 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
736 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
740 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
748 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
756 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
758 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
760 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
764 =item Backward Compatibility
766 =item Category Hierarchy
770 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
782 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
790 =item Looking at data and -w and w
794 =item Stepping through code
796 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
798 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
816 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
822 =item The Perl Debugger
826 =item Debugger Commands
828 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
829 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
830 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
831 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
832 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
833 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
834 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
835 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
836 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
838 =item Configurable Options
840 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
841 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
842 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
843 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
844 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
845 C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
847 =item Debugger input/output
849 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
852 =item Debugging compile-time statements
854 =item Debugger Customization
856 =item Readline Support
858 =item Editor Support for Debugging
860 =item The Perl Profiler
864 =item Debugging regular expressions
866 =item Debugging memory usage
874 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
882 =item Predefined Names
884 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
885 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
886 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
887 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
888 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
889 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
890 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
891 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
892 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
893 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
894 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
895 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
896 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
897 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
898 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
899 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
900 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
901 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
902 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
903 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
904 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
905 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
906 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
907 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
908 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
909 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
910 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
911 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_,
912 %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
914 =item Error Indicators
916 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
924 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
932 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
934 =item Growing Your Own
936 =item Access and Printing
948 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
954 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
964 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
970 =item Open E<agrave> la C
974 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
978 =item Obscure Open Tricks
982 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
984 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
988 =item Single Argument Open
990 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
994 =item Other I/O Issues
998 =item Opening Non-File Files
1008 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1014 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1020 =item Part 1: The basics
1024 =item Simple word matching
1026 =item Using character classes
1028 =item Matching this or that
1030 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1032 =item Extracting matches
1034 =item Matching repetitions
1036 =item Building a regexp
1038 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1042 =item Part 2: Power tools
1046 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1048 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1050 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1052 =item Non-capturing groupings
1054 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1056 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1058 =item Conditional expressions
1060 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1062 =item Pragmas and debugging
1070 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1074 =item Acknowledgments
1080 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1090 =item Regular Expressions
1092 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1094 =item Extended Patterns
1096 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1097 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1098 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1099 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1103 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1105 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1107 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1109 =item Combining pieces together
1111 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1112 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1113 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1114 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1116 =item Creating custom RE engines
1126 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1136 =item Making References
1138 =item Using References
1140 =item Symbolic references
1142 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1144 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1146 =item Function Templates
1156 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1164 =item Format Variables
1174 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1182 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1190 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1192 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1194 =item Invoking a barnyard
1196 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1198 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1200 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1202 =item A few notes about @ISA
1204 =item Overriding the methods
1206 =item Starting the search from a different place
1208 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1210 =item Where we're at so far...
1212 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1214 =item Invoking an instance method
1216 =item Accessing the instance data
1218 =item How to build a horse
1220 =item Inheriting the constructor
1222 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1224 =item Adding parameters to a method
1226 =item More interesting instances
1228 =item A horse of a different color
1240 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1246 =item Creating a Class
1250 =item Object Representation
1252 =item Class Interface
1254 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1256 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1260 =item Other Object Methods
1268 =item Accessing Class Data
1270 =item Debugging Methods
1272 =item Class Destructors
1274 =item Documenting the Interface
1284 =item Overridden Methods
1286 =item Multiple Inheritance
1288 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1292 =item Alternate Object Representations
1296 =item Arrays as Objects
1298 =item Closures as Objects
1302 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1306 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1308 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1312 =item Metaclassical Tools
1318 =item Data Members as Variables
1326 =item Object Terminology
1332 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1338 =item Acknowledgments
1344 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1350 =item Class Data in a Can
1352 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1356 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1358 =item Inheritance Concerns
1360 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1362 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1364 =item Monadic Classes
1366 =item Translucent Attributes
1370 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1374 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1376 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1378 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1380 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1382 =item Translucency Revisited
1390 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1392 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1398 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1406 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1408 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1410 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1412 =item Method Invocation
1414 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1416 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1418 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1424 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1432 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1438 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1440 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1442 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1444 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1446 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1448 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1450 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1452 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1454 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1456 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1462 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1474 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1479 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1480 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1481 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1482 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1487 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1488 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1489 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1491 =item Tying FileHandles
1493 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1494 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1499 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1511 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1512 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1528 =item Using open() for IPC
1534 =item Background Processes
1536 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1538 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1540 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1542 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1546 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1550 =item Internet Line Terminators
1552 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1554 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1558 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1562 =item A Simple Client
1564 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1566 =item A Webget Client
1568 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1572 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1574 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1576 =item UDP: Message Passing
1590 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1600 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1602 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1603 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1604 files, directories and network sockets
1606 =item Resource limits
1608 =item Killing the parent process
1610 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1612 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1614 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1615 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1616 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1628 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1636 =item Storing numbers
1638 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1640 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1642 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1643 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1644 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1653 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1659 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1661 =item Threaded Program Models
1673 =item Native threads
1675 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1677 =item Threadsafe Modules
1683 =item Basic Thread Support
1685 =item Creating Threads
1687 =item Giving up control
1689 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1691 =item Errors In Threads
1693 =item Ignoring A Thread
1697 =item Threads And Data
1701 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1703 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1705 =item Controlling access: lock()
1707 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1709 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1713 =item Threads And Code
1717 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1719 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1721 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1723 =item Subroutine Locks
1727 =item Locking A Subroutine
1731 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1735 =item What Thread Am I In?
1739 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1741 =item What Threads Are Running?
1745 =item A Complete Example
1753 =item Introductory Texts
1755 =item OS-Related References
1757 =item Other References
1761 =item Acknowledgements
1769 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1775 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1784 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1786 =item Files and Filesystems
1788 =item System Interaction
1790 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1792 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1794 =item Standard Modules
1798 =item Character sets and character encoding
1800 =item Internationalisation
1802 =item System Resources
1812 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1813 http://testers.cpan.org/
1821 =item DOS and Derivatives
1829 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1837 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1841 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1843 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1844 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1845 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1846 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1847 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1848 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1849 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1850 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1851 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1852 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1853 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
1854 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
1855 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
1856 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
1857 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
1858 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1859 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1860 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1861 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1862 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1863 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1864 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1865 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1866 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1867 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1873 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
1874 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
1875 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
1876 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
1877 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
1878 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
1880 =item Supported Platforms
1884 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1890 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1897 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1903 =item The use locale pragma
1905 =item The setlocale function
1907 =item Finding locales
1909 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1911 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1913 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1915 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1917 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1919 =item The localeconv function
1923 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1927 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1929 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1931 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1933 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1937 =item Other categories
1945 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1946 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1952 =item Backward compatibility
1954 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1956 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1958 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1960 =item Freely available locale definitions
1964 =item An imperfect standard
1972 =item Broken systems
1982 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
1990 =item Important Caveats
1992 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
1993 to enable a few features
1995 =item Byte and Character semantics
1997 =item Effects of character semantics
1999 =item Character encodings for input and output
2009 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2015 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2023 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2027 =item 13 variant characters
2035 =item Unicode and UTF
2039 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2041 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2043 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2057 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2059 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2061 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2063 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2071 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2073 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2075 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2077 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2081 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2085 =item URL decoding and encoding
2087 =item uu encoding and decoding
2089 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2091 =item Caesarian ciphers
2095 =item Hashing order and checksums
2099 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2111 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2131 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2139 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2141 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2143 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2147 =item Protecting Your Programs
2155 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2167 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2173 =item Making your module threadsafe
2181 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2187 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2191 =item Pragmatic Modules
2193 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2194 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2195 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, unicode::distinct, utf8, vars, warnings,
2198 =item Standard Modules
2200 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2201 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2202 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2203 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2204 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2205 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2206 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2207 Dumpvalue, Encode, Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env,
2208 Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant,
2209 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2210 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
2211 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
2212 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
2213 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
2214 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
2215 File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2216 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2217 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2218 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate,
2219 I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
2220 Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language,
2221 Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2222 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
2223 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
2224 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Saves, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2225 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::DummyInetd, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP,
2226 Net::Netrc, Net::PH, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::SNPP, Net::Time,
2227 Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O,
2228 ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html,
2229 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
2230 Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2231 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe,
2232 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2233 Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2234 Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2235 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2236 Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
2237 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2239 =item Extension Modules
2251 =item Central America
2263 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2267 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2269 Adding a Copyright Notice
2271 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2273 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2281 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2291 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2292 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2306 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2316 =item What should I make into a module?
2318 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2320 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2322 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2324 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2325 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2326 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2328 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2330 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2331 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2341 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2342 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2352 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2354 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2356 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2358 =item What is perl6?
2360 =item How stable is Perl?
2362 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2364 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2367 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2369 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2371 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2373 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2375 =item What is a JAPH?
2377 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2379 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2380 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2384 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2388 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2389 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2397 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2399 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2401 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2403 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2406 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2407 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2409 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2410 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2412 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2414 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2416 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2418 =item Where should I post source code?
2422 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2424 =item Perl in Magazines
2426 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2428 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2430 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2432 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2434 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2436 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2440 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2444 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2453 =item How do I do (anything)?
2455 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2457 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2459 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2461 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2463 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2465 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2467 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2469 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2471 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2472 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2473 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2475 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2477 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2479 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2481 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2483 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2485 =item What is undump?
2487 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2489 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2491 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2493 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2495 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2497 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2499 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2501 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2503 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2505 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2507 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2509 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2511 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2513 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2515 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2516 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2518 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2521 =item What's MakeMaker?
2525 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2529 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2540 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2541 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2543 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2545 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2548 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2550 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2552 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2554 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2556 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2558 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2566 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2568 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2570 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2572 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2574 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2576 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2578 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2586 =item How do I validate input?
2588 =item How do I unescape a string?
2590 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2592 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2594 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2596 =item How do I reverse a string?
2598 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2600 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2602 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2604 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2606 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2609 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2611 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2612 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2614 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2616 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2618 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2620 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2622 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2624 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2626 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2628 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2629 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2638 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2640 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2642 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2646 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
2648 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2649 intersection of two arrays?
2651 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2653 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2655 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2657 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2659 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2661 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2663 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2665 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2667 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2669 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2671 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2675 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2679 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2681 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2684 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2686 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2688 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2690 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2692 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2694 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2696 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2698 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2700 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2702 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2704 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2707 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2708 array of hashes or arrays?
2710 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2718 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2720 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2722 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2724 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2726 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2728 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2730 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2734 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2738 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2747 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2749 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2750 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2752 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2754 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2756 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2758 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2759 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2761 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2763 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2765 =item How can I write() into a string?
2767 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2769 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2771 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2773 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2775 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2777 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2779 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2781 =item How can I lock a file?
2783 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2785 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2786 the file. How can I do this?
2788 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
2789 file. Do I still have to use locking?
2791 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2793 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2795 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2797 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2799 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2801 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2803 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2805 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2807 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2809 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2811 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2813 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2814 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2816 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2818 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2819 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2821 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2823 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2827 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2831 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2839 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2840 and unmaintainable code?
2842 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2844 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2846 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2849 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2851 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2854 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2856 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2858 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2860 =item What is C</o> really for?
2862 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2865 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2867 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2869 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2871 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2873 =item How can I do approximate matching?
2875 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
2877 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
2879 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
2881 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
2883 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
2885 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
2887 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
2889 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
2893 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2897 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
2898 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
2906 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
2908 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
2911 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
2914 =item How do I skip some return values?
2916 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
2918 =item What's an extension?
2920 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
2922 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
2924 =item How do I create a module?
2926 =item How do I create a class?
2928 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
2930 =item What's a closure?
2932 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
2934 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
2937 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
2940 =item How do I create a static variable?
2942 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
2943 Between local() and my()?
2945 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
2948 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
2950 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
2952 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
2954 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
2956 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
2958 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
2960 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
2962 =item How can I find out my current package?
2964 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
2966 =item How do I clear a package?
2968 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
2972 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2976 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2985 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
2987 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
2989 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
2991 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
2993 =item How do I print something out in color?
2995 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
2997 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
2999 =item How do I clear the screen?
3001 =item How do I get the screen size?
3003 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3005 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3007 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3009 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3011 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3013 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3015 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3017 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3019 =item How do I set the time and date?
3021 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3023 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3025 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3027 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3028 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3030 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3032 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3034 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3036 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3038 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3040 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3042 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3044 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3046 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3048 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3051 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3053 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3055 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3057 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3060 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3061 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3062 changes to be visible?
3066 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3069 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3071 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3073 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3075 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3077 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3079 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3081 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3083 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3085 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3087 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3089 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3091 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3094 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3096 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3100 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3104 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3113 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3116 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3118 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3120 =item How do I extract URLs?
3122 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3123 file on another machine?
3125 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3127 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3129 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3131 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3133 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3135 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3137 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3139 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3140 CGI script to do bad things?
3142 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3144 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3146 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3148 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3150 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3152 =item How do I send mail?
3154 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3156 =item How do I read mail?
3158 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3160 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3162 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3164 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3168 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3172 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3182 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3186 =item Using The Back Ends
3190 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3194 =item The Decompiling Back End
3196 =item The Lint Back End
3198 =item The Simple C Back End
3200 =item The Bytecode Back End
3202 =item The Optimized C Back End
3204 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3205 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3206 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3210 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3216 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3226 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3227 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3231 =item Compiling your C program
3233 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3235 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3237 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3239 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3241 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3243 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3245 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3247 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3252 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3262 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3268 =item Debugger Internals
3272 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3276 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3278 =item Debugging regular expressions
3282 =item Compile-time output
3284 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3285 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3286 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3289 =item Types of nodes
3291 =item Run-time output
3295 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3299 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3301 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3302 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3305 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3307 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3309 =item B<-DL> details
3313 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3321 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3333 =item Version caveat
3335 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3347 =item What has gone on?
3349 =item Writing good test scripts
3353 =item What's new here?
3355 =item Input and Output Parameters
3357 =item The XSUBPP Program
3359 =item The TYPEMAP file
3361 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3365 =item What has happened here?
3367 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3369 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3371 =item More about XSUB arguments
3373 =item The Argument Stack
3375 =item Extending your Extension
3377 =item Documenting your Extension
3379 =item Installing your Extension
3383 =item New Things in this Example
3387 =item New Things in this Example
3389 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3391 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3393 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3395 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3411 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3423 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3425 =item The Argument Stack
3427 =item The RETVAL Variable
3429 =item The MODULE Keyword
3431 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3433 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3435 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3437 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3439 =item The CODE: Keyword
3441 =item The INIT: Keyword
3443 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3445 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3447 =item Default Parameter Values
3449 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3451 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3453 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3455 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3457 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3459 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3461 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3463 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3465 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3467 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3469 =item The POST_CALL: Keyword
3471 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3473 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3475 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3477 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3479 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3481 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3483 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3485 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3487 =item The CASE: Keyword
3489 =item The & Unary Operator
3491 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3493 =item Using XS With C++
3495 =item Interface Strategy
3497 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3511 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3521 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3523 =item File Operations
3525 =item File Input and Output
3527 =item File Positioning
3529 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3531 =item Character Class Tests
3533 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3535 =item Miscellaneous functions
3543 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3555 =item What is an "IV"?
3557 =item Working with SVs
3561 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3563 =item Working with AVs
3565 =item Working with HVs
3567 =item Hash API Extensions
3571 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3573 =item Creating New Variables
3575 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3577 =item Stashes and Globs
3579 =item Double-Typed SVs
3581 =item Magic Variables
3583 =item Assigning Magic
3585 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3589 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3591 =item Localizing changes
3593 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3594 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3595 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3596 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3597 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3598 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3599 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3600 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3601 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3602 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3610 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3612 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3614 =item Memory Allocation
3618 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3622 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3632 =item Examining the tree
3634 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3636 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3638 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3640 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3644 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3646 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3650 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3652 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3654 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3656 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3658 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3662 =item Internal Functions
3664 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3668 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3670 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3672 =item Source Documentation
3676 =item Unicode Support
3680 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3682 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3684 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3686 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3688 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3690 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3700 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3706 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3708 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3710 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3730 =item Determining the Context
3734 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3740 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3742 =item Passing Parameters
3744 =item Returning a Scalar
3746 =item Returning a list of values
3748 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3750 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3754 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3758 =item Using call_argv
3760 =item Using call_method
3764 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3766 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3768 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3769 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3772 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3774 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3786 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3796 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3797 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3798 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3799 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3803 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3805 =item Administration
3807 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3811 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3812 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3820 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3830 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3832 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3834 B<Decryption Filters>
3836 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3838 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3840 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3852 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3860 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3861 B<filter_fetch_value>
3867 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3869 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3879 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3885 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
3886 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
3887 ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
3888 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK,
3889 dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
3890 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME,
3891 GIMME_V, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth,
3892 gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY,
3893 G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY,
3894 HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear,
3895 hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
3896 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
3897 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
3898 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
3899 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
3900 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
3901 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, NEWSV, newSViv,
3902 newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv,
3903 newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
3904 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_clone, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free,
3905 perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef,
3906 PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK,
3907 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL,
3908 Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT,
3909 strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND,
3910 SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
3911 SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK,
3912 SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV,
3913 SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only,
3914 SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force,
3915 SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force,
3916 SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg,
3917 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
3918 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV,
3919 SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on,
3920 SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV,
3921 SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV,
3922 SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv,
3923 sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags,
3924 sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf,
3925 sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg,
3926 sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp,
3927 sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq,
3928 sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_getcwd, sv_gets,
3929 sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
3930 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
3931 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
3932 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
3933 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset,
3934 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
3935 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
3936 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
3937 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
3938 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref,
3939 sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
3940 sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
3941 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER,
3942 toUPPER, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
3943 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
3944 uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN,
3945 XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV,
3946 XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV,
3947 XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
3955 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3962 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
3963 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena,
3964 sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
3972 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
3982 =item History and Background
3984 =item Layers vs Disciplines
3986 =item Data Structures
3988 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
3989 data for a particular handle
3991 =item Functions and Attributes
3993 =item Per-instance Data
3995 =item Layers in action.
3997 =item Per-instance flag bits
3999 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4000 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4001 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4002 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4004 =item Methods in Detail
4006 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4007 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4008 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
4009 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
4010 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
4011 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
4012 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4013 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4014 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4015 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
4016 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
4017 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
4018 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
4019 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4023 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4025 =item Extension Layers
4027 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4033 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4041 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4042 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4043 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4044 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4045 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4046 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4047 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4048 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4049 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4050 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4051 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4055 =item Co-existence with stdio
4057 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4058 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4060 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4062 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4063 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4064 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4065 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4067 =item Other Functions
4069 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4070 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4076 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4082 =item To do during 5.6.x
4086 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4088 =item Eliminate need for "use utf8";
4090 =item Create a char *sv_printify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags) function
4092 =item Autoload byte.pm
4094 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4096 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4098 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4100 =item Unicode case mappings
4102 =item Unicode regular expression character classes
4104 =item use Thread for iThreads
4106 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4108 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4110 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4112 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4114 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4116 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4118 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4120 =item Complete signal handling
4122 =item Out-of-source builds
4124 =item POSIX realtime support
4126 =item UNIX98 support
4130 =item Long double conversion
4134 =item Thread-safe regexes
4136 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4138 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4140 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4142 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4144 =item Custom opcodes
4146 =item spawnvp() on Win32
4148 =item DLL Versioning
4150 =item Introduce @( and @)
4152 =item Floating point handling
4154 =item IV/UV preservation
4156 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4158 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4160 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4162 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4164 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4166 =item Document Win32 choices
4168 =item Check new modules
4170 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4174 =item To do at some point
4178 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4180 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4182 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4184 =item bitfields in pack
4186 =item Cross compilation
4188 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4190 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4192 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4194 =item -i rename file when changed
4196 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4198 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4200 =item my sub foo { }
4202 =item One-pass global destruction
4204 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4206 =item Cache recently used regexps
4208 =item Re-entrant functions
4210 =item Cross-compilation support
4212 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4214 =item debugger pragma
4216 =item use less pragma
4218 =item switch structures
4220 =item Cache eval tree
4224 =item Shrink opcode tables
4226 =item Optimize away @_
4228 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4232 =item Prototype method calls
4234 =item Return context prototype declarations
4238 =item Garbage collection
4242 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4244 =item Rewrite perldoc
4246 =item Install .3p manpages
4248 =item Unicode tutorial
4250 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4252 =item Retargetable installation
4254 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4256 =item Rename Win32 headers
4258 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4260 =item Update sprintf documentation
4262 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4270 =item ref() in list context
4272 =item Make tr/// return histogram
4274 =item Compile to real threaded code
4276 =item Structured types
4278 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4280 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4284 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4286 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4290 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4292 =item Constant function cache
4294 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4302 =item Update guts documentation
4304 =item Add more tests
4306 =item Update auxiliary tools
4310 =item Recently done things
4314 =item Safe signal handling
4320 =item setitimer and getimiter
4322 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4324 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4326 =item Explicit switch statements
4334 =item perlcc to produce executable
4336 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4338 =item Secure temporary file module
4340 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4342 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4344 =item Mmap for input
4346 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4348 =item Add sockatmark support
4350 =item Mailing list archives
4354 =item Integrate MacPerl
4356 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4358 =item Regular expression tutorial
4360 =item Debugging Tutorial
4362 =item Integrate new modules
4364 =item Integrate profiler
4366 =item Y2K error detection
4368 =item Regular expression debugger
4372 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4374 =item Cache precompiled modules
4378 =item Deprecated Wishes
4382 =item Loop control on do{}
4384 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4390 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4392 =item Named prototypes
4394 =item Built-in globbing
4396 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4398 =item Cached hash values
4400 =item Add compression modules
4402 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4404 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4406 =item Make XS easier to use
4408 =item Make embedding easier to use
4412 =item my $Package::variable
4414 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4416 =item "class"-based lexicals
4420 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4422 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4428 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4434 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4435 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4436 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4437 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4438 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4439 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4440 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4444 =item Keeping in sync
4446 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4447 NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more
4448 reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point,
4449 Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4451 =item Submitting patches
4453 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4454 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4456 =item Finding Your Way Around
4458 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4460 =item Elements of the interpreter
4462 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4464 =item Internal Variable Types
4470 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4472 =item Millions of Macros
4474 =item Poking at Perl
4476 =item Using a source-level debugger
4478 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4479 finish, 'enter', print
4481 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4487 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4491 =item Rational Software's Purify
4493 =item Purify on Unix
4495 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4499 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4501 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4503 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4505 =item Gprof Profiling
4507 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4509 =item Pixie Profiling
4511 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4516 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4524 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4532 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4544 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4546 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4550 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4554 =head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0
4560 =item Reporting Bugs
4568 =head2 perl572delta, perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
4574 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4576 =item Incompatible Changes
4580 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
4582 =item Future Deprecations
4586 =item Core Enhancements
4588 =item Modules and Pragmata
4592 =item New Modules and Distribution
4594 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4598 =item Utility Changes
4600 =item New Documentation
4602 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4606 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4608 =item Generic Improvements
4612 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4616 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4620 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4622 =item Changed Internals
4626 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
4632 =item Known Problems
4636 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4638 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4640 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4642 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4646 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4648 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4650 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4652 =item Failure of Thread tests
4654 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4656 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4658 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
4660 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4662 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4666 =item Reporting Bugs
4674 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
4680 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4682 =item Incompatible Changes
4684 =item Core Enhancements
4688 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
4690 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
4692 =item Signals Are Now Safe
4696 =item Modules and Pragmata
4702 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4706 =item Performance Enhancements
4708 =item Utility Changes
4710 =item New Documentation
4726 =item README.solaris
4730 =item Porting/repository.pod
4734 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4738 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4740 =item Generic Improvements
4742 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
4743 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
4744 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
4748 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4752 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4756 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4758 =item Changed Internals
4762 =item Known Problems
4766 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4768 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4770 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4772 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4776 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4778 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4780 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4782 =item Failure of Thread tests
4784 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4786 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4788 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4790 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4794 =item Reporting Bugs
4802 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4808 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4810 =item Incompatible Changes
4812 =item Core Enhancements
4814 =item Modules and Pragmata
4820 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4824 =item Utility Changes
4826 =item New Documentation
4828 =item Performance Enhancements
4830 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4834 =item Generic Improvements
4838 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4842 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4846 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4848 =item Changed Internals
4850 =item Known Problems
4854 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4856 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4858 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4860 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4862 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4864 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4866 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4868 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4870 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4872 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4876 =item Reporting Bugs
4884 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4890 =item Core Enhancements
4894 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4896 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4898 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4900 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4902 =item "our" declarations
4904 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4906 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4908 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4910 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4912 =item open() with more than two arguments
4914 =item 64-bit support
4916 =item Large file support
4922 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4924 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4926 =item File globbing implemented internally
4928 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4930 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4932 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4934 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4936 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4938 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4940 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4942 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4944 =item Comments in pack() templates
4946 =item Weak references
4948 =item Binary numbers supported
4950 =item Lvalue subroutines
4952 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4954 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4956 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4958 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
4960 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
4962 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
4964 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
4966 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
4968 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
4970 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
4972 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
4974 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
4976 =item Improved diagnostics
4978 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
4980 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
4982 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
4984 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
4986 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
4988 =item Improved security features
4990 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
4992 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
4994 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
4996 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
4998 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5000 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5002 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5006 =item Modules and Pragmata
5012 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5013 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5014 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5015 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5016 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5017 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5018 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5019 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5025 =item Utility Changes
5039 =item The Perl Debugger
5043 =item Improved Documentation
5045 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5046 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5047 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5048 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5050 =item Performance enhancements
5054 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5056 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5058 =item Faster subroutine calls
5060 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5064 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5068 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5070 =item New Configure flags
5072 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5078 =item -Duselargefiles
5080 =item installusrbinperl
5086 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5090 =item Platform specific changes
5094 =item Supported platforms
5098 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5106 =item Significant bug fixes
5110 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5112 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5114 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5116 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5118 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5120 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5122 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5124 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5126 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5128 =item Locale bugs fixed
5132 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5134 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5136 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5138 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5142 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5144 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5145 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5146 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5147 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5148 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5149 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5150 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5151 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5152 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5153 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5154 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5155 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5156 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5157 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5158 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5159 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5160 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5161 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5162 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5163 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5164 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5165 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5166 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5167 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5168 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5169 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5170 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5171 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5172 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5173 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5174 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5175 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5176 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5177 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5178 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5179 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5180 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5181 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5182 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5183 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5184 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5185 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5186 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5187 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5188 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5189 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5190 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5191 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5192 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5193 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5197 =item Incompatible Changes
5201 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5203 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5204 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5205 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5206 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5207 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5208 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5209 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5210 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5211 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5212 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5213 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5215 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5217 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5219 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5221 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5223 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5227 =item Known Problems
5231 =item Thread test failures
5233 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5235 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5237 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5239 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5242 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5244 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5246 =item Experimental features
5248 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5249 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5250 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5254 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5256 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5257 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5258 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5259 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5261 =item Reporting Bugs
5269 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5275 =item About the new versioning system
5277 =item Incompatible Changes
5281 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5283 =item Default installation structure has changed
5285 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5287 =item C Source Compatibility
5289 =item Binary Compatibility
5291 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5293 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5307 =item Regular Expressions
5309 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5310 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5311 improvements, Incompatible changes
5313 =item Improved malloc()
5315 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5317 =item Reliable signals
5319 =item Reliable stack pointers
5321 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5325 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5327 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5329 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5331 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5333 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5335 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5337 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5339 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5341 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5343 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5345 =item Better locale support
5347 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5349 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5351 =item Extended support for exception handling
5353 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5355 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5357 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5359 =item New C<lock> keyword
5361 =item New C<qr//> operator
5363 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5365 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5367 =item Tied handles support is better
5369 =item 4th argument to substr
5371 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5373 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5375 =item <> now reads in records
5379 =item Supported Platforms
5385 =item Changes in existing support
5389 =item Modules and Pragmata
5395 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5396 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5397 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5399 =item Changes in existing modules
5401 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5402 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5406 =item Utility Changes
5408 =item Documentation Changes
5410 =item New Diagnostics
5412 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5413 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5414 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5415 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5416 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5417 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5418 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5419 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5420 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5421 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5422 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5423 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5424 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5425 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5426 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5427 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5428 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5430 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5432 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5433 temporary file, regexp too big
5435 =item Configuration Changes
5445 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5451 =item Supported Environments
5457 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5459 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5461 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5463 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5465 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5467 =item More precise warnings
5469 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5471 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5473 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5475 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5477 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5479 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5481 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5483 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5485 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5487 =item Changes to tainting checks
5489 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5490 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5492 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5494 =item Embedding improvements
5496 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5498 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5500 =item New and changed syntax
5504 =item New and changed builtin constants
5508 =item New and changed builtin variables
5512 =item New and changed builtin functions
5514 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5515 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5516 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5517 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5518 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5520 =item New builtin methods
5522 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5524 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5526 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5527 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5529 =item Malloc enhancements
5531 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5533 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5537 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5553 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5554 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5560 =item Required Updates
5562 =item Installation directories
5564 =item Module information summary
5578 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5582 =item Utility Changes
5588 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5592 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5596 =item C Language API Changes
5598 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5601 =item Documentation Changes
5603 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5604 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5606 =item New Diagnostics
5608 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5609 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5610 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5611 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5612 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5613 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5614 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5615 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5616 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5617 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5618 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5619 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5620 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5621 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5622 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5623 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5624 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5625 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5626 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5627 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5628 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5629 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5630 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5631 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5632 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5642 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5650 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5654 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5656 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5658 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5660 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5666 =item GDBM and Threads
5668 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5678 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
5688 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5702 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
5704 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5706 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5708 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5714 =item Accessing documentation
5718 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
5720 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
5722 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
5724 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
5728 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
5732 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
5734 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
5736 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
5738 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
5740 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
5750 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
5758 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
5760 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
5764 =item Contact Information
5770 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
5780 =item gzip on BS2000
5782 =item bison on BS2000
5784 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
5786 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
5788 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
5790 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
5792 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
5794 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
5796 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
5814 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5820 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
5824 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5826 =item Cygwin Configuration
5828 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5832 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
5836 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
5838 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
5840 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5841 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5843 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
5845 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5846 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5848 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
5850 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5854 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
5858 =item Warnings on Cygwin
5864 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
5868 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
5870 =item Hard Links on Cygwin
5872 =item Filetime Granularity on Cygwin
5874 =item Tainting Checks on Cygwin
5876 =item /etc/group on Cygwin
5878 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
5880 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5884 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
5886 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
5888 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5889 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5891 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
5899 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
5911 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
5915 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
5917 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
5919 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
5921 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
5931 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
5939 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
5941 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
5943 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
5945 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
5949 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
5951 =item PATH Names on Epoc
5953 =item Editors on Epoc
5955 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
5957 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
5959 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
5963 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
5971 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
5980 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
5990 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
5992 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
5994 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
5996 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
5998 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
6000 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
6002 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
6004 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
6006 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
6008 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
6010 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
6020 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
6028 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
6036 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
6045 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
6047 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
6049 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
6051 =item Building external modules on MachTen
6061 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
6075 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
6081 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
6087 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
6095 =item What's New in Perl ffor MPE/iX
6097 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
6099 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
6101 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
6103 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
6105 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
6106 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
6108 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
6112 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
6114 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
6116 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
6118 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
6120 =item Perl/iX Change History
6136 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
6148 =item Build new extensions
6152 =item Acknowledgements
6160 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
6180 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
6182 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
6184 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
6188 =item Frequently asked questions
6192 =item "It does not work"
6194 =item I cannot run external programs
6196 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
6199 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
6202 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
6204 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
6212 =item Automatic binary installation
6214 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
6216 =item Manual binary installation
6218 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
6219 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
6220 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
6221 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
6222 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
6228 =item Accessing documentation
6232 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
6240 =item GNU C<info> files
6252 =item The short story
6256 =item Getting perl source
6258 =item Application of the patches
6266 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
6269 =item Installing the built perl
6271 =item C<a.out>-style build
6279 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
6281 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
6283 =item Problems with tr or sed
6285 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
6287 =item Library ... not found
6289 =item Segfault in make
6291 =item op/sprintf test failure
6295 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
6299 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
6303 =item C<extproc> on the first line
6305 =item Additional modules:
6307 =item Prebuilt methods:
6309 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
6310 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
6311 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
6312 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
6313 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
6314 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
6315 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
6316 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
6317 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
6318 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
6319 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
6321 =item Prebuilt variables:
6323 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
6329 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
6332 =item Identifying DLLs
6334 =item Centralized management of resources
6350 =item F<perl___.exe>
6352 =item Why strange names?
6354 =item Why dynamic linking?
6356 =item Why chimera build?
6364 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6366 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6368 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6370 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6372 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6374 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6384 =item DLL name mangling
6388 =item Calls to external programs
6390 =item Memory allocation
6394 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6408 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6418 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
6420 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
6422 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
6424 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
6426 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6428 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6430 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6432 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
6434 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6436 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
6446 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
6454 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
6462 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX
6464 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
6466 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX
6468 =item QNX auxiliary files
6478 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
6488 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
6490 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
6492 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
6494 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
6498 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
6502 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
6514 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6522 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6528 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6534 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
6536 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
6538 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
6542 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6546 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6548 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
6550 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6554 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6556 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6557 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6558 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6564 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
6568 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
6570 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
6574 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
6578 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6580 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6584 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
6586 =item BSD::Resource on Solairs
6588 =item Net::SSLeay on Soalris
6598 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
6599 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
6607 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
6609 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
6611 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
6613 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
6615 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
6617 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
6621 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
6627 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6637 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
6639 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
6641 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
6643 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
6645 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
6655 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
6661 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6669 =item Organization of Perl Images
6675 =item Perl Extensions
6677 =item Installing static extensions
6679 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6683 =item File specifications
6689 =item Wildcard expansion
6695 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6701 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6703 =item Command line switches
6709 =item Perl functions
6711 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6712 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6713 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6714 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6716 =item Perl variables
6718 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
6720 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6734 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6742 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6746 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6750 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6752 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6756 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6760 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
6762 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
6766 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6774 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6776 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6788 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6798 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6808 =item Built-in Attributes
6810 locked, method, lvalue
6812 =item Available Subroutines
6816 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6818 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6820 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6828 =item Default exports
6830 =item Available exports
6832 =item Export tags defined
6842 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6854 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6870 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6884 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6898 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6911 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6920 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6926 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
6936 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
6946 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
6957 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
6959 =item The I<splain> Program
6973 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
6987 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
6997 =item subpragma access
7003 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
7014 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
7024 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
7034 =item Adding directories to @INC
7036 =item Deleting directories from @INC
7038 =item Restoring original @INC
7048 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
7059 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
7067 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
7069 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
7075 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
7087 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
7097 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
7099 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
7101 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
7103 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
7105 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
7107 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
7109 =item Overloadable Operations
7111 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
7112 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
7113 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
7115 =item Inheritance and overloading
7117 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
7118 is inherited by derived classes
7122 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
7130 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
7132 =item Copy Constructor
7138 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
7140 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
7141 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
7142 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
7145 =item Losing overloading
7147 =item Run-time Overloading
7149 =item Public functions
7151 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
7153 =item Overloading constants
7155 integer, float, binary, q, qr
7157 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7159 =item Metaphor clash
7165 =item Two-face scalars
7167 =item Two-face references
7169 =item Symbolic calculator
7171 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
7179 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
7180 type, `%s' is not a code reference
7186 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7196 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
7208 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
7210 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
7214 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
7218 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
7226 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
7234 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
7238 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
7248 =head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data
7261 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
7272 =item Utility functions
7274 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
7275 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
7283 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
7293 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
7301 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
7302 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
7303 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
7304 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
7305 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
7309 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
7311 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
7313 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
7323 =item DBM Comparisons
7333 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
7343 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4]
7347 =item Typed lexicals
7349 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
7351 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
7353 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
7369 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
7379 =item Subroutine Stubs
7381 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7383 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7385 =item Package Lexicals
7387 =item Not Using AutoLoader
7389 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
7399 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
7407 $keep, $check, $modtime
7411 =item Multiple packages
7419 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
7427 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
7431 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
7439 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
7453 =item B::PVMG METHODS
7457 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
7459 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
7461 =item B::PVLV METHODS
7463 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
7467 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
7471 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
7472 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
7476 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
7477 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
7481 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
7485 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
7490 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
7492 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
7496 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
7498 =item B::UNOP METHOD
7502 =item B::BINOP METHOD
7506 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
7510 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
7514 =item B::PMOP METHODS
7516 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
7518 =item B::SVOP METHOD
7522 =item B::PADOP METHOD
7526 =item B::PVOP METHOD
7530 =item B::LOOP METHODS
7532 redoop, nextop, lastop
7534 =item B::COP METHODS
7536 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
7540 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
7542 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
7543 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
7544 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
7545 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
7552 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
7565 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
7577 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7589 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7599 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7600 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7601 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7611 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7621 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7622 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7632 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7642 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7643 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7644 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7656 =item Context of ".."
7660 =item Deprecated features
7668 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
7678 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
7679 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
7680 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
7682 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
7684 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
7685 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
7686 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
7687 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
7688 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
7689 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
7690 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7691 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
7697 =item OP flags abbreviations
7699 =item OP class abbreviations
7703 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
7709 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7721 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7731 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7732 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
7734 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7744 =item ambient_pragmas
7746 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
7758 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7770 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7778 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7780 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7781 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7783 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7793 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7803 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7809 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7821 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7833 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7835 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7847 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7857 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7865 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7877 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7891 =item Standard Exports
7893 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7894 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7895 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7897 =item Optional Exports
7899 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7900 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7901 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7917 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7921 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7935 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7945 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7946 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7947 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7957 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
7969 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
7971 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
7973 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
7975 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
7977 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
7979 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
7981 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
7983 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
7985 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
7987 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
7989 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
7991 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
7993 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
7995 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
7997 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
7999 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
8001 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
8003 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
8004 B<:standard>, B<:all>
8008 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
8009 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
8012 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
8014 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
8015 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
8020 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
8024 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
8026 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
8028 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
8030 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
8032 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
8034 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
8036 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
8038 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
8039 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
8041 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
8045 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
8049 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
8051 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
8053 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
8055 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
8057 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
8059 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
8060 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
8062 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
8066 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
8070 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
8072 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
8074 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
8076 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
8080 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
8082 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
8084 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
8088 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
8090 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
8094 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
8098 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
8102 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
8106 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
8110 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
8112 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
8114 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
8118 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
8122 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
8128 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
8129 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
8131 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
8133 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
8134 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
8137 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
8143 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
8147 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
8149 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
8150 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
8151 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
8152 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
8153 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
8155 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
8157 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
8162 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
8164 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
8166 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
8167 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
8169 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
8171 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8175 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
8176 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
8177 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
8178 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
8179 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
8180 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
8181 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
8182 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
8183 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
8184 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
8185 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
8186 ...and many many more..
8188 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
8196 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
8206 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8214 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
8223 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
8225 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
8229 =item Changing the default message
8233 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
8243 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
8251 =item USING CGI::Cookie
8253 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
8257 =item Creating New Cookies
8259 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
8261 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
8263 =item Manipulating Cookies
8265 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
8269 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8277 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
8285 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
8287 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
8289 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
8291 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
8295 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8303 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
8313 =item Tags that won't be formatted
8315 =item Customizing the Indenting
8327 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
8335 =item USING CGI::Push
8337 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
8341 =item Heterogeneous Pages
8343 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
8347 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
8349 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8357 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
8367 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8375 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
8383 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8389 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
8399 =item Interactive Mode
8401 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
8402 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
8403 distribution, ls author, Signals
8411 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
8413 =item Programmer's interface
8415 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
8417 =item Methods in the other Classes
8419 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
8420 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
8421 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
8422 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
8423 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
8424 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
8425 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
8426 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
8427 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
8428 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
8429 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
8430 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
8431 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
8432 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
8433 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
8434 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
8435 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
8436 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
8437 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
8438 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
8439 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
8440 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
8441 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
8442 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
8443 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
8444 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
8452 =item Finding packages and VERSION
8456 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
8462 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
8463 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
8464 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
8465 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
8469 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
8471 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
8479 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
8481 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
8485 =item Three basic types of firewalls
8487 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
8489 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
8495 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
8507 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
8517 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
8530 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
8540 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
8548 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
8550 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
8560 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
8561 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
8562 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
8564 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
8572 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
8582 =item The C<struct()> function
8584 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
8586 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
8588 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
8589 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
8591 =item Initializing with C<new>
8597 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
8599 =item Author and Modification History
8603 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
8611 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8623 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8627 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
8628 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
8629 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
8634 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8635 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8639 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8640 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8641 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8642 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
8643 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
8644 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
8648 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8649 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8650 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8651 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8652 C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>,
8653 C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>,
8654 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
8655 C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>,
8656 C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>,
8657 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>,
8658 C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
8659 C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>,
8660 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>,
8661 C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>,
8662 C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>,
8663 C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
8664 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>,
8665 C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
8666 C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>,
8667 C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>,
8668 C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>,
8669 C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>,
8670 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>,
8671 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
8672 C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
8673 C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>,
8674 C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>,
8675 C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>,
8676 C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>,
8677 C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>,
8678 C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>,
8679 C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>,
8680 C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>,
8681 C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>,
8682 C<d_nice>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
8683 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
8684 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
8685 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
8686 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
8687 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
8688 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
8689 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
8690 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>,
8691 C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>,
8692 C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>,
8693 C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>,
8694 C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
8695 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>,
8696 C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>,
8697 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>,
8698 C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>,
8699 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
8700 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>,
8701 C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>,
8702 C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>,
8703 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>,
8704 C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
8705 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
8706 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
8707 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
8708 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
8709 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>,
8710 C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>,
8711 C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>,
8712 C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
8713 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
8714 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
8715 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
8716 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>,
8717 C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>,
8718 C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>,
8719 C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>,
8720 C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>,
8721 C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>, C<db_version_patch>,
8722 C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>,
8723 C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8727 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8728 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
8732 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8733 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
8738 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8739 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8743 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8747 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8748 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8749 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
8750 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_libutil>,
8751 C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>,
8752 C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
8753 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
8754 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
8755 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
8756 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
8757 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
8758 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
8759 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
8760 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
8761 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
8762 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
8763 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
8764 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8765 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8766 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8767 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
8768 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
8769 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
8774 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8778 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8779 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8780 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8781 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8782 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8783 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8787 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8788 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8789 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8793 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8794 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8798 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8799 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8800 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8801 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8805 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8806 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8810 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8811 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
8815 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8816 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8817 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8818 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8822 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8826 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8827 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
8831 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8832 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8833 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8834 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
8835 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
8836 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
8837 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
8838 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
8839 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
8840 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
8841 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
8842 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
8843 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
8844 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8848 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
8849 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8853 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8854 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8855 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8856 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
8857 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
8858 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
8859 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
8860 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
8861 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8865 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8866 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8867 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8871 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8875 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
8887 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
8897 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8909 =item Global Variables
8911 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8912 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8917 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8918 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8920 =item Client Callback Methods
8922 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8923 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8924 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8934 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
8942 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
8946 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
8948 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
8950 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
8952 =item Default Parameters
8954 =item In Memory Databases
8962 =item A Simple Example
8970 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
8972 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
8974 =item The get_dup() Method
8976 =item The find_dup() Method
8978 =item The del_dup() Method
8980 =item Matching Partial Keys
8988 =item The 'bval' Option
8990 =item A Simple Example
8992 =item Extra RECNO Methods
8994 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
8995 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
8998 =item Another Example
9002 =item THE API INTERFACE
9004 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
9005 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
9006 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
9007 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
9011 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
9012 B<filter_fetch_value>
9018 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
9020 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
9024 =item HINTS AND TIPS
9028 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
9030 =item Safe ways to lock a database
9032 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
9034 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
9036 =item The untie() Gotcha
9040 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
9044 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
9046 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
9048 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
9050 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
9070 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
9071 printing and C<eval>
9083 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
9084 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
9085 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
9092 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
9094 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9095 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9096 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9097 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9098 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9099 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9100 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9101 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9102 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9103 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9104 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9105 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
9125 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
9133 =item PROFILE FORMAT
9145 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
9155 =item Memory footprint debugging
9163 =item A simple scalar string
9165 =item A simple scalar number
9167 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
9169 =item A reference to a simple scalar
9171 =item A reference to an array
9173 =item A reference to a hash
9175 =item Dumping a large array or hash
9177 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
9179 =item A reference to a subroutine
9193 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
9203 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
9211 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
9215 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
9216 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
9217 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
9225 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
9235 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
9239 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
9240 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
9252 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
9264 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
9276 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
9277 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
9278 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
9283 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
9284 veryCompact, set, get
9290 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
9298 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
9299 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
9300 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
9301 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
9308 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
9321 =head2 Encode - character encodings
9339 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
9341 =item Types of Encodings
9343 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
9344 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
9346 =item Specifying Encodings
9348 1. By name, 2. As an object
9350 =item Encoding Names
9352 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
9353 The name used by the the organization that defined it
9357 =item PERL ENCODING API
9361 =item Generic Encoding Interface
9363 =item Handling Malformed Data
9365 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
9369 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
9371 =item Listing available encodings
9373 =item Defining Aliases
9375 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
9378 =item Defining Encodings
9382 =item Encoding and IO
9384 =item Encoding How to ...
9386 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
9387 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
9389 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
9391 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
9393 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
9395 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
9396 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
9400 =item Compiled Encodings
9402 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
9403 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
9411 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
9412 of the Encode extension
9418 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9426 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
9428 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
9434 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9442 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
9455 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
9470 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
9486 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
9498 =item Selecting What To Export
9500 =item Specialised Import Lists
9502 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
9504 =item Module Version Checking
9506 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
9508 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
9514 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
9524 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
9545 mv source... destination
9547 cp source... destination
9565 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
9575 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, PVN, YES, NO, UNDEF
9585 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
9587 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
9591 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
9597 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
9600 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9602 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
9604 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
9605 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9613 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
9625 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
9626 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
9636 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
9646 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
9658 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
9659 packlist(), version()
9667 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
9675 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
9681 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
9691 =item VMS implementation
9693 =item Win32 implementation
9701 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9710 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
9714 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9741 test_via_harness (o)
9743 tool_autosplit (override)
9761 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9776 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
9788 =item Preloaded methods
9808 =item SelfLoaded methods
9854 file_name_is_absolute
9860 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
9900 maybe_command_in_dirs
9938 replace_manpage_separator
9952 test_via_harness (o)
9984 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9995 =item Methods always loaded
10007 =item SelfLoaded methods
10009 guess_name (override)
10013 find_perl (override)
10017 maybe_command (override)
10019 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
10021 perl_script (override)
10023 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10025 replace_manpage_separator
10027 init_others (override)
10029 constants (override)
10033 const_cccmd (override)
10035 pm_to_blib (override)
10037 tool_autosplit (override)
10039 tool_sxubpp (override)
10041 xsubpp_version (override)
10043 tools_other (override)
10053 top_targets (override)
10057 dynamic_lib (override)
10059 dynamic_bs (override)
10061 static_lib (override)
10063 manifypods (override)
10065 processPL (override)
10067 installbin (override)
10069 subdir_x (override)
10073 realclean (override)
10075 dist_basics (override)
10077 dist_core (override)
10079 dist_dir (override)
10081 dist_test (override)
10085 perldepend (override)
10087 makefile (override)
10091 test_via_harness (override)
10093 test_via_script (override)
10095 makeaperl (override)
10097 nicetext (override)
10099 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10100 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10126 test_via_harness (o)
10128 tool_autosplit (override)
10146 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
10156 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
10158 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
10166 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
10170 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
10172 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
10174 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
10176 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
10178 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
10179 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
10180 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
10181 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
10182 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
10183 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
10184 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
10185 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
10186 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
10187 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
10188 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
10189 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
10190 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
10191 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION,
10192 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
10194 =item Additional lowercase attributes
10196 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
10199 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
10201 =item Hintsfile support
10203 =item Distribution Support
10205 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
10206 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
10207 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
10209 =item Disabling an extension
10223 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
10231 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
10235 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
10239 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
10240 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
10244 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
10252 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
10264 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
10274 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
10283 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
10291 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
10303 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
10311 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
10321 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
10333 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
10343 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
10347 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
10355 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
10359 C<basename>, C<dirname>
10363 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
10373 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
10387 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
10397 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
10399 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
10411 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
10419 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
10431 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
10439 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
10440 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
10441 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
10451 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
10459 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
10460 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
10461 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
10465 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
10473 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
10485 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
10499 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
10533 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
10551 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
10579 file_name_is_absolute
10599 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
10609 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
10641 file_name_is_absolute
10663 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
10679 =item Methods always loaded
10681 canonpath (override)
10699 case_tolerant (override)
10703 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10705 splitpath (override)
10707 splitdir (override)
10721 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
10751 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
10775 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
10789 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
10799 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
10807 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
10815 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
10817 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
10829 =item Temporary files and NFS
10841 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
10855 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
10867 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
10875 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
10881 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
10895 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
10897 =item All-in-one interface
10909 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
10919 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
10923 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
10925 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
10933 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
10935 =item Example 2: Using the context
10937 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
10939 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
10943 =item Filter::Simple
10951 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
10959 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
10969 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
10985 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
10993 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
10995 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
10999 =item Simple options
11001 =item A little bit less simple options
11003 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
11005 =item Options with values
11007 =item Options with multiple values
11009 =item Options with hash values
11011 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
11013 =item Options with multiple names
11015 =item Case and abbreviations
11017 =item Summary of Option Specifications
11019 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
11023 =item Advanced Possibilities
11027 =item Object oriented interface
11029 =item Documentation and help texts
11031 =item Storing options in a hash
11035 =item The lonesome dash
11037 =item Argument call-back
11041 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
11043 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
11044 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
11045 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
11046 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
11047 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
11049 =item Return values and Errors
11055 =item Default destinations
11057 =item Alternative option starters
11059 =item Configuration variables
11063 =item Trouble Shooting
11067 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
11069 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
11076 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11080 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
11091 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
11102 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
11113 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
11115 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
11117 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11119 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11121 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
11123 the function super_languages($lang1)
11125 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
11127 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
11129 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
11131 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
11135 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
11137 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
11147 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
11155 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
11157 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
11159 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
11160 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
11161 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
11162 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
11163 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
11164 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
11165 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
11166 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
11167 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
11168 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
11169 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
11170 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
11171 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
11172 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
11173 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
11174 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
11175 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
11176 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
11177 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
11178 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
11179 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
11180 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
11181 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
11182 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
11183 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
11184 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
11185 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
11186 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
11187 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
11188 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
11189 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
11190 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
11191 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
11192 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
11193 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
11194 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
11195 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
11196 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
11197 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
11198 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
11199 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
11200 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
11201 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
11202 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
11203 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
11204 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
11205 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
11206 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
11207 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
11208 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
11209 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
11210 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
11211 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
11212 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
11213 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
11214 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
11215 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
11216 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
11217 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
11218 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
11219 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
11220 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
11221 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
11222 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
11223 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
11224 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
11225 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
11226 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
11227 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
11228 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
11229 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
11230 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
11231 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
11232 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
11233 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
11234 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
11235 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
11236 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
11237 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
11238 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
11239 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
11240 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
11241 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
11242 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
11243 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
11244 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
11245 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
11246 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
11247 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
11248 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
11249 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
11250 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
11251 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
11252 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
11253 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
11254 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
11255 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
11256 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
11257 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
11258 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
11259 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
11260 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
11261 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
11262 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
11263 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
11264 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
11265 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
11266 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
11267 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
11268 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
11269 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
11270 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
11271 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
11272 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
11273 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
11274 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
11275 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
11276 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
11277 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
11281 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11287 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
11297 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
11305 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11306 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11316 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11326 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11330 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11338 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
11348 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11352 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11353 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11354 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11355 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11367 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11377 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11381 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11391 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11401 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11402 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11412 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
11420 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11421 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11430 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
11440 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11444 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11445 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11446 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11456 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
11470 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11471 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11481 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
11497 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11510 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
11524 hostpath(), peerpath()
11534 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
11543 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11544 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11554 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11564 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11568 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11576 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
11587 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11591 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11592 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11593 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11594 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11606 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11616 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11620 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11630 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11640 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11641 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11651 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
11660 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11661 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11670 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
11681 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11685 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11686 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11687 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11697 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
11712 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11713 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11723 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
11724 AF_INET domain sockets
11740 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11753 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
11754 AF_UNIX domain sockets
11768 hostpath(), peerpath()
11778 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11788 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11789 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11800 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
11814 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
11827 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
11837 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11838 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11839 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11850 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
11868 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11878 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11879 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11890 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
11901 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11902 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11903 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11914 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
11922 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
11923 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
11925 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
11931 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
11932 general-utility list subroutines
11940 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
11941 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
11943 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
11949 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
11950 general-utility scalar subroutines
11958 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
11959 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
11967 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
11975 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11979 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
11987 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
11999 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
12005 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12007 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
12008 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
12014 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12016 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
12022 =item CODE ALIASING
12032 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12036 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
12037 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
12038 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
12039 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
12047 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
12048 identification (ISO 4217)
12066 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12068 code2currency(), currency2code()
12074 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12076 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
12084 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12088 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
12096 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
12113 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12115 code2language(), language2code()
12121 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12123 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
12131 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12135 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
12136 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
12144 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
12152 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12158 =item Construction Methods
12160 =item The "maketext" Method
12162 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
12164 =item Utility Methods
12166 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
12167 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
12168 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
12169 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
12171 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
12175 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
12177 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
12179 =item BRACKET NOTATION
12181 =item AUTO LEXICONS
12183 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
12185 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
12189 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12195 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
12203 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
12207 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
12209 =item The Linguistic View
12211 =item Breaking gettext
12213 =item Replacing gettext
12215 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
12217 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
12219 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
12221 =item Buzzword: Concision
12223 =item The Devil in the Details
12225 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
12233 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
12241 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
12245 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
12253 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
12254 of quoted-printable strings
12262 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12268 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
12277 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12283 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
12293 =item Canonical notation
12297 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
12299 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
12303 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
12304 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
12310 use Math::BigFloat qw(bstr bint);
12312 $x = bstr("1234") # string "1234"
12313 $x = "$x"; # same as bstr()
12314 $x = bneg("1234") # BigFloat "-1234"
12315 $x = Math::BigFloat->bneg("1234"); # BigFloat "1234"
12316 $x = Math::BigFloat->babs("-12345"); # BigFloat "12345"
12317 $x = Math::BigFloat->bnorm("-0 00"); # BigFloat "0"
12318 $x = bint(1) + bint(2); # BigFloat "3"
12319 $x = bint(1) + "2"; # ditto (auto-BigFloatify of "2")
12320 $x = bint(1); # BigFloat "1"
12321 $x = $x + 5 / 2; # BigFloat "3"
12322 $x = $x ** 3; # BigFloat "27"
12323 $x *= 2; # BigFloat "54"
12324 $x = new Math::BigFloat; # BigFloat "0"
12325 $x--; # BigFloat "-1"
12327 =item Autocreating constants
12335 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
12343 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
12351 Canonical notation, Input, Output
12357 bfround ( +$scale ), bround ( +$scale ), bround ( -$scale )
12361 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
12365 =item Autocreating constants
12371 :constant and eval()
12375 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow,
12376 Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types, bsqrt()
12384 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
12397 =item STRINGIFICATION
12401 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
12407 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
12409 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
12417 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
12425 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
12431 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
12433 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
12437 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12439 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
12443 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
12445 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12447 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
12448 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
12452 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
12458 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
12468 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
12486 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
12488 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
12492 =item OTHER FACILITIES
12498 =item C<flush_cache>
12504 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
12506 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
12518 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
12527 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
12538 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
12550 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
12558 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
12566 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
12575 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
12584 =head2 Memoize::Saves - Plug-in module to specify which return values
12601 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
12609 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
12617 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12623 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12627 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12631 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
12641 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
12647 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
12657 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
12660 =item CLASS METHODS
12662 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
12663 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
12664 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
12674 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
12684 requires_firewall HOST
12686 =item NetConfig VALUES
12688 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
12689 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_ext_passive, ftp_int_pasive,
12690 local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
12694 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
12703 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
12711 =head2 Net::DummyInetd - A dummy Inetd server
12733 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
12745 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
12749 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
12750 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
12751 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
12752 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), rmdir ( DIR ), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE
12753 ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [,
12754 WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [,
12755 REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (),
12756 mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash (
12757 [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [
12758 DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port (
12759 [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
12760 pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait (
12761 NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
12765 =item Methods for the adventurous
12771 =item THE dataconn CLASS
12773 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
12776 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
12778 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
12780 =item REPORTING BUGS
12792 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
12802 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
12806 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
12807 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
12808 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
12809 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
12810 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
12815 =item Extension methods
12817 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
12818 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
12819 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
12820 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
12829 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
12839 =head2 Net::PH - CCSO Nameserver Client class
12849 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
12853 query( SEARCH [, RETURN ] ), change( SEARCH , MAKE ), login( USER, PASS [,
12854 ENCRYPT ]), logout(), fields( [ FIELD_LIST ] ), add( FIELD_VALUES ),
12855 delete( FIELD_VALUES ), id( [ ID ] ), status(), siteinfo(), quit()
12863 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
12869 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
12881 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
12885 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
12886 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
12887 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
12888 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
12900 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
12908 icmp, udp, tcp, stream, external
12914 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
12915 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
12923 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
12935 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
12939 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), mail ( ADDRESS [,
12940 OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail (
12941 ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ),
12942 to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ),
12943 verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit ()
12953 =head2 Net::SNPP - Simple Network Pager Protocol Client
12967 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
12971 reset (), help (), quit ()
12983 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
12991 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
12992 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
13000 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
13017 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
13025 =item Where to get this document
13027 =item How to contribute to this document
13031 =item Author and Copyright Information
13039 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
13043 =item What is libnet ?
13045 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
13047 =item What other modules do I need ?
13049 =item What machines support libnet ?
13051 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
13055 =item Using Net::FTP
13059 =item How do I download files from a FTP server ?
13061 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
13063 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
13065 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
13068 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
13070 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
13072 =item How do I get a directory listing from a FTP server ?
13074 =item Changeing directory to "" does not fail ?
13076 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
13078 =item I am behind a FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
13081 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
13083 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
13086 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
13089 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
13093 =item Using Net::SMTP
13097 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
13100 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
13102 =item The verify method always returns true ?
13106 =item Debugging scripts
13110 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
13114 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
13118 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
13135 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
13150 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
13167 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
13175 =item THE .netrc FILE
13177 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
13182 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
13186 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
13196 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
13206 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13212 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
13220 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13226 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13230 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13234 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
13246 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
13248 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
13249 or optag, an operator set (opset)
13251 =item Opcode Functions
13253 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
13254 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
13255 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
13258 =item Manipulating Opsets
13260 =item TO DO (maybe)
13266 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
13268 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
13269 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
13270 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
13279 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
13288 a new namespace, an operator mask
13294 =item RECENT CHANGES
13296 =item Methods in class Safe
13298 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
13299 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
13300 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
13301 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
13303 =item Some Safety Issues
13305 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
13313 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
13326 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
13340 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
13341 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
13342 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
13343 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
13344 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
13345 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
13346 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
13347 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
13348 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
13349 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
13350 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
13351 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
13352 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
13353 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
13354 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
13355 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
13356 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
13357 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
13358 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
13359 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
13360 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
13361 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
13362 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
13363 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
13364 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
13371 =item POSIX::SigAction
13375 =item POSIX::SigSet
13377 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
13379 =item POSIX::Termios
13381 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
13382 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
13383 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
13384 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
13385 values, c_oflag field values
13389 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
13393 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
13397 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
13455 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
13464 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
13468 =item Defaults and how to override them
13478 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
13488 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
13496 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
13497 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
13498 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
13499 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
13500 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
13501 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
13502 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
13506 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
13512 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
13518 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
13530 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
13531 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
13532 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
13533 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
13534 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
13535 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
13536 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
13537 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
13542 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
13543 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
13544 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
13545 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
13546 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
13547 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
13551 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
13552 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
13564 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
13566 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
13569 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
13571 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
13573 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
13575 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
13577 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
13585 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
13597 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
13599 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
13606 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
13612 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
13614 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
13621 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
13633 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
13643 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
13644 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
13659 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
13672 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
13673 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
13679 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
13703 =item B<was_cutting()>
13709 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
13715 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
13721 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
13727 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
13733 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13739 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
13745 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
13751 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
13757 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
13763 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
13769 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
13775 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
13781 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
13787 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
13793 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
13799 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13805 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
13811 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
13817 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
13823 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
13829 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
13835 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
13841 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
13847 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
13853 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
13859 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
13865 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
13871 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13877 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
13889 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
13901 =item OBJECT METHODS
13909 =item Data Accessors
13925 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
13927 B<StartWithNewPage>
13941 =item Subclassed methods
13955 B<interior_sequence>
13971 =item Methods for headings
13979 =item Internal methods
13985 B<_replace_special_chars>
13991 B<_clean_latex_commands>
14007 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
14015 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
14020 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
14021 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape
14022 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on
14023 line %d, Unmatched =back
14033 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
14047 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
14055 $list-E<gt>indent()
14063 $list-E<gt>parent()
14069 =item Pod::Hyperlink
14071 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
14075 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
14077 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
14081 $link-E<gt>warning()
14083 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
14089 $link-E<gt>alttext()
14099 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
14105 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
14109 =item Pod::Cache::Item
14111 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
14115 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
14117 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
14119 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
14121 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
14123 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
14125 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
14127 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
14137 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
14149 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
14151 =item PARSING OPTIONS
14153 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
14154 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
14160 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14168 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14174 =item B<verbatim()>
14176 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14182 =item B<textblock()>
14184 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14190 =item B<interior_sequence()>
14196 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14208 =item B<initialize()>
14214 =item B<begin_pod()>
14220 =item B<begin_input()>
14226 =item B<end_input()>
14238 =item B<preprocess_line()>
14244 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
14250 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
14256 =item B<parse_text()>
14258 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
14259 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
14260 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
14266 =item B<interpolate()>
14272 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
14278 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
14284 =item B<parse_from_file()>
14290 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
14296 =item B<errorsub()>
14308 =item B<parseopts()>
14314 =item B<output_file()>
14320 =item B<output_handle()>
14326 =item B<input_file()>
14332 =item B<input_handle()>
14338 =item B<input_streams()>
14344 =item B<top_stream()>
14350 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14356 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
14362 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
14368 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
14376 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
14396 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
14409 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
14411 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
14417 =item OBJECT METHODS
14423 =item B<curr_headings()>
14435 =item B<add_selection()>
14441 =item B<clear_selections()>
14447 =item B<match_section()>
14453 =item B<is_selected()>
14459 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
14465 =item B<podselect()>
14467 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
14473 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14479 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
14485 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
14491 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
14503 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
14511 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
14515 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
14516 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
14517 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
14529 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
14545 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
14562 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
14563 text with format escapes
14577 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
14586 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
14595 =item Recommended Use
14603 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
14607 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
14615 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14621 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14625 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14629 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
14637 a new namespace, an operator mask
14643 =item RECENT CHANGES
14645 =item Methods in class Safe
14647 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
14648 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
14649 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
14650 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
14652 =item Some Safety Issues
14654 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
14662 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
14670 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
14671 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14679 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
14689 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
14699 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
14709 =item The __DATA__ token
14711 =item SelfLoader autoloading
14713 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
14715 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
14717 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
14719 =item Classes and inherited methods.
14723 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
14727 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
14737 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
14745 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
14746 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
14754 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
14755 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
14756 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
14757 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
14758 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
14762 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
14772 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
14776 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
14778 =item ERROR REPORTING
14786 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
14791 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
14792 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
14816 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
14830 =item Allowing fall-through
14832 =item Automating fall-through
14834 =item Higher-order Operations
14848 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
14858 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
14870 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
14871 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
14879 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
14880 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
14891 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
14892 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
14900 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
14901 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
14912 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
14922 Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
14923 comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
14934 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
14946 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
14954 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
14964 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
14965 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
14973 =item Minimal set of supported functions
14975 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
14976 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
14978 =item Additional supported functions
14980 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
14990 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
15016 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
15020 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15030 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
15040 =item The test script output
15042 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
15043 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
15044 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
15048 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
15071 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
15072 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
15073 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
15074 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
15078 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
15079 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
15094 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
15106 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
15116 =item General behaviour in list contexts
15120 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
15122 =item A note about prefixes
15124 =item C<extract_delimited>
15126 =item C<extract_bracketed>
15128 =item C<extract_tagged>
15130 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
15131 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
15133 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
15135 =item C<extract_quotelike>
15137 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
15139 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
15141 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
15143 =item C<extract_codeblock>
15145 =item C<extract_multiple>
15147 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
15153 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
15154 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
15155 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
15156 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
15157 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
15158 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
15159 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
15160 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
15161 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
15162 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
15163 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
15164 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
15169 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15175 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
15190 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
15207 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
15222 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
15236 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
15249 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
15250 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
15251 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
15255 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
15263 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
15271 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15273 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
15279 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
15287 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15289 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
15293 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
15305 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
15315 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
15323 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
15324 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
15325 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
15326 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
15334 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
15343 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
15344 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
15345 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
15346 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
15348 =item MORE INFORMATION
15350 =item COMPATIBILITY
15354 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
15362 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
15363 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
15367 =item MORE INFORMATION
15371 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
15389 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
15398 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
15400 =item MORE INFORMATION
15404 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
15416 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution ualarm, usleep, and gettimeofday
15424 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
15425 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
15426 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
15427 getitimer ( $which )
15443 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
15451 =item IMPLEMENTATION
15457 =head2 Time::Piece - Object Oriented time objects
15469 =item Local Locales
15471 =item Date Calculations
15473 =item Date Comparisons
15475 =item YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
15479 =item strftime method
15481 %%, %a, %A, %b, %B, %c, %C, %d, %D, %e, %h, %H, %I, %j, %m, %M, %n, %p, %r,
15482 %R, %S, %t, %T, %u, %U, %V, %w, %W, %x, %y, %Y, %Z
15484 =item strptime function
15486 =item Global Overriding
15504 =head2 Time::Piece::Seconds, Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert
15505 seconds to other date values
15523 =head2 Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert seconds to other date values
15541 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
15556 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
15571 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
15583 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
15591 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
15592 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
15596 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
15611 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
15622 =item System Specifics
15636 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
15644 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
15646 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
15647 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
15648 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
15649 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
15650 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
15651 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
15652 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
15653 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
15654 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
15655 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
15656 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
15657 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
15658 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
15659 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
15660 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
15661 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
15667 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
15685 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
15697 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
15699 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
15700 don't all have manual pages yet:
15726 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles