4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
20 Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping,
21 Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability,
22 Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant,
23 Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM
24 implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular
25 expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability
41 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/03/25
46 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
47 About Perl, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, L<perlfaq3>:
48 Programming Tools, L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, L<perlfaq5>: Files and
49 Formats, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues,
50 L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, L<perlfaq9>: Networking
54 =item Where to get this document
56 =item How to contribute to this document
58 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
65 =item Author and Copyright Information
69 =item Noncommercial Reproduction
71 =item Commercial Reproduction
79 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97
81 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.11 $, $Date:
82 1997/03/19 17:23:09 $)
90 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
92 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
94 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
96 =item How stable is Perl?
98 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
100 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
103 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
105 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
107 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
109 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
111 =item What is a JAPH?
113 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
115 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
116 (5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?
120 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
122 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.15 $,
123 $Date: 1997/03/25 18:15:48 $)
129 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
131 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
133 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
135 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
138 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
139 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
141 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
142 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
144 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
146 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
148 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?
150 =item Where should I post source code?
154 =item Perl in Magazines
156 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
158 =item What mailing lists are there for perl?
160 MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats
162 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
166 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
168 =item Where do I send bug reports?
170 =item What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute?
172 =item How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
176 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
178 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 1997/03/19
185 =item How do I do (anything)?
187 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
189 =item Is there a Perl shell?
191 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
193 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
195 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
197 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
199 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
201 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
203 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
205 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
207 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
209 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
211 =item Can I dynamically load C routines into Perl?
213 =item What is undump?
215 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
217 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
219 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
221 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
223 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
225 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
227 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
229 =item How can I get '#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,Windows NT,...]?
231 =item Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?
233 =item Why don't perl one-liners work on my MS-DOS/Macintosh/VMS system?
235 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
237 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
239 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
241 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
242 my C program, what am I doing wrong?
244 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
247 =item What's MakeMaker?
251 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
253 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/03/25
262 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
264 =item Does perl have a round function? What about ceil() and floor()?
267 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
269 =item How do I multiply matrices?
271 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
273 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
275 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
283 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
285 =item How can I compare two date strings?
287 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
289 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
291 =item Does Perl have a year 2000 problem?
299 =item How do I validate input?
301 =item How do I unescape a string?
303 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
305 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
307 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
309 =item How do I reverse a string?
311 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
313 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
315 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
317 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
319 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
322 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
324 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
325 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
327 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
329 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
331 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
333 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
335 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
337 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
339 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
340 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
349 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
351 =item How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
353 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:, b) If you don't know
354 whether @in is sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only small integers:,
355 d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in
356 contains only small positive integers:
358 =item How can I tell whether an array contains a certain element?
360 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
361 intersection of two arrays?
363 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
365 =item How do I handle linked lists?
367 =item How do I handle circular lists?
369 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
371 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
373 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
375 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
377 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
379 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
381 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
385 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
389 =item How do I process an entire hash?
391 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
394 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
396 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
398 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
400 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
402 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
404 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
406 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
408 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
410 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
412 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
414 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
417 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash
418 or array of hashes or arrays?
420 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
428 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
430 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
432 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
434 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
436 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
438 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
442 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
444 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 1997/03/19
451 =item How do I flush/unbuffer a filehandle? Why must I do this?
453 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
454 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
456 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
458 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
460 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
462 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
463 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
465 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
467 =item How can I write() into a string?
469 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
471 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
473 =item How come when I open the file read-write it wipes it out?
475 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
477 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
479 =item How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>" or trailing blanks?
481 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
483 =item How can I lock a file?
485 =item What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
487 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number
488 in the file. How can I do this?
490 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
492 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
494 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
496 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
498 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
500 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
502 =item How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
504 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
506 =item How do I create a file only if it doesn't exist?
508 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
510 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
512 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
514 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in MS-DOS paths? What doesn't
515 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
517 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
519 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
520 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
522 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
526 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
528 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date: 1997/03/25 18:16:56 $)
534 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
535 and unmaintainable code?
537 Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different
540 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
542 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
545 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
547 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
550 =item How can I make C<\w> match accented characters?
552 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
554 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
556 =item What is C</o> really for?
558 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
561 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
563 =item What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it?
565 =item How do I process each word on each line?
567 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
569 =item How can I do approximate matching?
571 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
573 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
575 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
577 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
579 =item Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
581 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
583 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
587 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
589 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date:
590 1997/03/19 17:25:23 $)
596 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
598 =item What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
601 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
604 =item How do I skip some return values?
606 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
608 =item What's an extension?
610 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
612 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
614 =item How do I create a module?
616 =item How do I create a class?
618 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
620 =item What's a closure?
622 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
625 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps,
628 =item How do I create a static variable?
630 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
631 Between local() and my()?
633 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
636 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
638 =item Why doesn't "local($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
640 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
642 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
644 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
646 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
648 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
650 =item How can I find out my current package?
654 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
656 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/03/25
663 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
665 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
667 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
669 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
671 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
673 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
675 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
677 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
679 =item How do I start a process in the background?
681 STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
683 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
685 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
687 =item How do I set the time and date?
689 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
691 =item How can I measure time under a second?
693 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
695 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
696 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
698 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
700 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
702 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
704 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
706 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
708 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
710 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
712 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
714 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
716 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
719 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
721 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
723 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
725 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
728 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
729 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
730 changes to be visible?
734 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
737 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
739 =item How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
741 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
743 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
745 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
747 =item How do I set CPU limits?
749 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
751 =item How do I use an SQL database?
753 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
755 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
757 =item How do I install a CPAN module?
761 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
763 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 1997/03/25 18:17:20
770 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
773 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
775 =item How do I extract URLs?
777 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
778 file on another machine?
780 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
782 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
784 =item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
786 =item How do I redirect to another page?
788 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
790 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
792 =item How do I parse an email header?
794 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
796 =item How do I check a valid email address?
798 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
800 =item How do I return the user's email address?
802 =item How do I send/read mail?
804 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
806 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
808 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
810 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
814 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
816 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
820 =item Supported Environments
826 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
828 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
830 =item Limitations on B<-M>, and C<-m>, and B<-T> options
832 =item More precise warnings
834 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
836 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
838 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
840 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
842 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
844 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
846 =item Changes to tainting checks
848 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
850 =item Embedding improvements
852 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
854 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
856 =item New and changed builtin variables
860 =item New and changed builtin functions
862 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
863 Control Structures, unpack() and pack(), use VERSION, use Module VERSION
864 LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//g> does not reset
865 search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, nested
866 C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
868 =item New builtin methods
870 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
872 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
874 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this,
875 GETC this, DESTROY this
877 =item Malloc enhancements
879 -DDEBUGGING_MSTATS, -DEMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
881 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
887 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
888 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
894 =item Required Updates
896 =item Installation directories
898 =item Module information summary
912 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
916 =item Utility Changes
922 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
926 =item C Language API Changes
928 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, Extended API for manipulating hashes
930 =item Documentation Changes
932 L<perldelta>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>, L<perldebug>,
935 =item New Diagnostics
937 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
938 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
939 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
940 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
941 Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot
942 resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine
943 %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return
944 a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Illegal character %s
945 (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex
946 number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Name
947 "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset
948 outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for %s,
949 Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate
950 words with commas, Recursive substitution detected, Scalar value @%s{%s}
951 better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s'
952 overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for "B<-T>" option, untie
953 attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character %s,
954 Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is
955 deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" may
956 be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: something's
957 wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from
958 DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process
967 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
979 =item Scalar value constructors
981 =item List value constructors
983 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
987 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
995 =item Simple statements
997 =item Compound statements
1005 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1009 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1011 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1015 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1023 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1025 =item The Arrow Operator
1027 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1029 =item Exponentiation
1031 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1033 =item Binding Operators
1035 =item Multiplicative Operators
1037 =item Additive Operators
1039 =item Shift Operators
1041 =item Named Unary Operators
1043 =item Relational Operators
1045 =item Equality Operators
1049 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1051 =item C-style Logical And
1053 =item C-style Logical Or
1055 =item Range Operator
1057 =item Conditional Operator
1059 =item Assignment Operators
1061 =item Comma Operator
1063 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1069 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
1071 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1073 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1075 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1077 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1079 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1080 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1081 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1082 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
1086 =item Constant Folding
1088 =item Integer Arithmetic
1090 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1094 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1102 =item Regular Expressions
1104 (?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx)
1108 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1110 =item WARNING on \1 vs $1
1114 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
1122 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
1124 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh
1128 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<number>,
1129 B<-D>I<list>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
1130 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
1131 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
1132 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
1133 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I<directory>
1139 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB,
1140 PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
1142 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1146 I<THERE IS NO GENERAL RULE FOR CONVERTING A LIST INTO A SCALAR!>
1150 =item Perl Functions by Category
1152 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1153 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1154 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1155 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1156 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1157 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1158 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1159 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1160 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1161 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1164 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1166 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1167 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1168 binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
1169 chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
1170 chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
1171 close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK,
1172 cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE,
1173 defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do
1174 SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (),
1175 eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR,
1176 exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
1177 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE, LIST, getc
1178 FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid,
1179 getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME,
1180 getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID,
1181 getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr
1182 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1183 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1184 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1185 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1186 endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt
1187 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR,
1188 goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index
1189 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
1190 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last
1191 LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link
1192 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log
1193 EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
1194 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
1195 ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no
1196 Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
1197 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, pipe
1198 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
1199 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
1200 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
1201 qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read
1202 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir
1203 DIRHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo
1204 LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require,
1205 reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE,
1206 rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///,
1207 scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
1208 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
1209 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1210 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1211 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1212 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1213 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1214 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1215 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1216 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1217 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
1218 split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
1219 srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
1220 sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET,
1221 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,
1222 sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1223 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, system
1224 LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite
1225 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
1226 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
1227 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
1228 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
1229 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use
1230 Module, use Module VERSION LIST, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec
1231 EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write
1232 FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
1236 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1242 =item Predefined Names
1244 $ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digit>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1245 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
1246 EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
1247 $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH,
1248 $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1249 output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\,
1250 $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1251 format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1252 format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1253 format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE
1254 EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1255 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1256 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1257 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1258 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1259 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1260 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
1261 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $OSNAME,
1262 $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
1263 $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, %INC, $ENV{expr}, $SIG{expr}, $^M
1267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1275 =item Private Variables via my()
1277 =item Temporary Values via local()
1279 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1281 =item Pass by Reference
1285 =item Constant Functions
1287 =item Overriding Builtin Functions
1295 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages)
1305 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
1315 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
1319 =item Pragmatic Modules
1321 blib, diagnostics, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap,
1322 strict, subs, vmsish, vars
1324 =item Standard Modules
1326 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
1327 CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
1328 DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,
1329 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
1330 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
1331 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fcntl,
1332 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find,
1333 File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File,
1334 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File, IO::Handle,
1335 IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
1336 Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, NDBM_File, Net::Ping,
1337 Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode, Pod::Text,
1338 POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
1339 Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
1340 Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords,
1341 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash,
1342 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime,
1343 Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
1345 =item Extension Modules
1351 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
1352 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
1353 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
1354 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
1355 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
1356 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
1357 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
1358 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
1359 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
1360 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
1361 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
1362 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
1363 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America,
1366 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1370 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
1372 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
1373 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
1374 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
1375 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
1376 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
1377 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
1378 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
1379 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
1380 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
1381 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
1382 care when changing a released module
1384 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1386 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
1387 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
1388 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
1389 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
1391 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1393 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
1394 applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the
1395 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
1396 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
1397 can then be reduced to a small
1401 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1407 =item Format Variables
1417 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1423 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1428 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1434 =item The use locale pragma
1436 =item The setlocale function
1438 =item The localeconv function
1442 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1446 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1448 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1450 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1452 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1456 =item Other categories
1462 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
1463 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or <\U>),
1464 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
1465 B<In-memory formatting function> (sprintf()):, B<Output formatting
1466 functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping functions> (lc(),
1467 lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent functions>
1468 (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX character class
1469 tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
1470 ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
1475 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC,
1482 =item Backward compatibility
1484 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1486 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1488 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1490 =item Freely available locale definitions
1494 =item An imperfect standard
1502 =item Broken systems
1510 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1516 =item Symbolic references
1518 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1526 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
1530 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
1531 more elaborate constructs
1535 =item COMMON MISTAKES
1537 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
1539 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
1545 =item LISTS OF LISTS
1549 =item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
1551 =item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
1553 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
1557 =item HASHES OF LISTS
1561 =item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
1563 =item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
1565 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
1569 =item LISTS OF HASHES
1573 =item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
1575 =item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
1577 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
1581 =item HASHES OF HASHES
1585 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
1587 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
1589 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
1593 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1597 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1599 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1601 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1611 =head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
1615 =item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
1617 =item Growing Your Own
1619 =item Access and Printing
1627 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1631 =item Creating a Class
1635 =item Object Representation
1637 =item Class Interface
1639 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1641 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1645 =item Other Object Methods
1653 =item Accessing Class Data
1655 =item Debugging Methods
1657 =item Class Destructors
1659 =item Documenting the Interface
1669 =item Overridden Methods
1671 =item Multiple Inheritance
1673 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1677 =item Alternate Object Representations
1681 =item Arrays as Objects
1683 =item Closures as Objects
1687 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1691 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1693 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1697 =item Metaclassical Tools
1703 =item Data Members as Variables
1707 =item Object Terminology
1717 =item Acknowledgments
1721 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1727 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1729 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1731 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1733 =item Method Invocation
1735 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1737 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1745 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1751 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1761 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
1765 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1770 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1771 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1772 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
1774 =item Tying FileHandles
1776 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this,
1777 GETC this, DESTROY this
1779 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1789 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1793 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1795 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1797 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1799 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1801 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1803 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1805 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1807 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1809 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1811 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1815 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1816 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1824 =item Using open() for IPC
1830 =item Background Processes
1832 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1834 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1836 =item Bidirectional Communication
1840 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1844 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1846 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1848 =item UDP: Message Passing
1864 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
1868 =item The Perl Debugger
1872 =item Debugger Commands
1874 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
1875 [expr], E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
1876 subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
1877 t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
1878 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
1879 command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., C<recallCommand>,
1880 C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>,
1881 C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet>,
1882 C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>,
1883 C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<quote>,
1884 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
1885 C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ], E<lt>E<lt> command, E<gt> command,
1886 E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, !
1887 pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, = [alias value],
1888 command, m expr, m package
1890 =item Debugger input/output
1892 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
1894 =item Debugging compile-time statements
1896 =item Debugger Customization
1898 =item Readline Support
1900 =item Editor Support for Debugging
1902 =item The Perl Profiler
1904 =item Debugger support in perl
1906 =item Debugger Internals
1908 =item Other resources
1914 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
1918 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
1924 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
1926 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
1928 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
1932 =item Protecting Your Programs
1936 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
1952 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
1954 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
1955 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
1956 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
1957 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
1959 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
1961 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
1962 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
1963 Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
1967 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
1969 =item Numerical Traps
1971 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
1973 =item General data type traps
1975 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants),
1976 (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
1978 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
1980 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
1982 =item Precedence Traps
1984 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
1987 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
1989 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
1990 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
1991 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
1993 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
1995 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
2001 =item Interpolation Traps
2003 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
2004 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
2010 =item Unclassified Traps
2016 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
2020 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
2024 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2026 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
2032 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
2036 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
2044 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
2045 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
2049 =item Compiling your C program
2051 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
2053 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
2055 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
2057 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
2059 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
2061 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
2063 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
2065 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
2076 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
2082 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
2083 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
2084 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
2085 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
2086 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(s,f)>,
2087 B<PerlIO_putc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
2088 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
2089 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
2090 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
2091 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
2095 =item Co-existence with stdio
2097 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
2098 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
2099 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
2100 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
2101 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
2102 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
2106 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
2116 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
2118 =item The Argument Stack
2120 =item The RETVAL Variable
2122 =item The MODULE Keyword
2124 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
2126 =item The PREFIX Keyword
2128 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
2130 =item The CODE: Keyword
2132 =item The INIT: Keyword
2134 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
2136 =item Initializing Function Parameters
2138 =item Default Parameter Values
2140 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
2142 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
2144 =item The INPUT: Keyword
2146 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
2148 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
2150 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
2152 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
2154 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
2156 =item The BOOT: Keyword
2158 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
2160 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
2162 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
2164 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
2166 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
2168 =item The CASE: Keyword
2170 =item The & Unary Operator
2172 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
2174 =item Using XS With C++
2176 =item Interface Strategy
2178 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
2190 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs
2196 =item VERSION CAVEAT
2198 =item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
2204 =item WHAT HAS GONE ON?
2206 =item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
2210 =item WHAT'S NEW HERE?
2212 =item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
2214 =item THE XSUBPP COMPILER
2216 =item THE TYPEMAP FILE
2222 =item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?
2224 =item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
2226 =item THE ARGUMENT STACK
2228 =item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
2230 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
2232 =item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
2242 =head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
2252 =item What is an "IV"?
2254 =item Working with SVs
2256 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
2258 =item Working with AVs
2260 =item Working with HVs
2262 =item Hash API Extensions
2266 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
2268 =item Creating New Variables
2270 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
2272 =item Stashes and Globs
2274 =item Double-Typed SVs
2276 =item Magic Variables
2278 =item Assigning Magic
2280 =item Magic Virtual Tables
2290 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
2292 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
2294 =item Memory Allocation
2298 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
2302 =item Scratchpads and recursion
2312 =item Examining the tree
2314 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
2316 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
2318 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
2320 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
2326 AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
2327 av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
2328 DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32,
2329 dXSI32, ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME,
2330 GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
2331 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH,
2332 HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear,
2333 hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent,
2334 hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv,
2335 hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store,
2336 hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
2337 isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
2338 mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV,
2339 newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv,
2340 newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
2341 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv,
2342 perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_free,
2343 perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
2344 perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi,
2345 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc,
2346 saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE,
2347 strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
2348 sv_catpvn, sv_catsv, sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec, sv_dec,
2349 SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
2350 SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN,
2351 sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK,
2352 SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only,
2353 SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only,
2354 SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
2355 SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn,
2356 sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, SvSTASH,
2357 SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV, SvTRUE,
2358 SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref, sv_usepvn,
2359 sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XS,
2360 XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV,
2361 XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV, XST_mNO,
2362 XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
2368 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
2372 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
2374 =item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
2376 B<perl_call_sv>, B<perl_call_pv>, B<perl_call_method>, B<perl_call_argv>
2396 =item Determining the Context
2400 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
2406 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
2408 =item Passing Parameters
2410 =item Returning a Scalar
2412 =item Returning a list of values
2414 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
2416 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
2420 =item Using G_KEEPERR
2422 =item Using perl_call_sv
2424 =item Using perl_call_argv
2426 =item Using perl_call_method
2430 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
2432 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
2434 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
2435 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
2438 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
2440 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
2450 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
2452 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
2466 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
2476 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
2484 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
2492 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
2501 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
2503 =item The I<splain> Program
2515 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
2522 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
2528 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
2536 =item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
2538 =item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
2540 =item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
2548 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
2555 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
2563 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
2567 =item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
2573 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
2575 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
2577 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
2579 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
2581 =item Overloadable Operations
2583 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
2584 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
2585 and numeric conversion>, I<Special>
2587 =item Inheritance and overloading
2589 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
2590 is inherited by derived classes
2594 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
2602 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
2604 =item Copy Constructor
2610 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
2612 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
2613 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
2614 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Copy operator>
2618 =item Run-time Overloading
2620 =item Public functions
2622 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
2624 =item IMPLEMENTATION
2632 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
2642 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
2644 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
2648 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
2652 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
2658 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
2664 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
2666 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
2672 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
2678 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
2680 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
2688 =item DBM Comparisons
2696 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
2704 =item Subroutine Stubs
2706 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2708 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2710 =item Package Lexicals
2712 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
2720 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
2730 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
2742 =item Standard Exports
2744 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
2745 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
2746 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ]] )
2748 =item Optional Exports
2750 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )
2762 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
2764 =head2 Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN
2774 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
2786 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT:
2788 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
2790 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
2792 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
2794 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
2796 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
2798 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
2800 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
2802 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
2804 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
2806 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE FORM TO A FILE:
2808 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
2810 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
2812 =item CALLING CGI FUNCTIONS THAT TAKE MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS
2814 =item CREATING THE HTTP HEADER:
2816 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION INSTRUCTION
2818 =item CREATING THE HTML HEADER:
2820 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
2822 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
2826 =item CREATING FORMS:
2830 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
2832 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
2834 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
2836 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
2840 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
2842 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
2844 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
2848 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
2850 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
2854 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
2858 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
2862 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
2866 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
2870 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
2872 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
2874 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
2878 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
2880 B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
2882 TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
2884 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
2888 =item NETSCAPE COOKIES
2890 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
2891 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
2893 =item WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
2895 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
2896 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
2903 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
2907 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2909 B<accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
2910 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script
2911 name as a partial URL, for self-refering
2912 scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host
2913 ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
2916 =item CREATING HTML ELEMENTS:
2920 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
2922 =item Generating new HTML tags
2926 =item IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE
2928 B<cgi>, B<form>, B<html2>, B<html3>, B<netscape>, B<shortcuts>,
2931 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
2933 In the B<use> statementSimply add ":nph" to the list of symbols to be
2934 imported into your script:, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using
2935 B<-nph> parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
2937 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
2941 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
2942 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
2943 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
2944 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard
2945 Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony
2946 Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom
2947 Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
2948 (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au),
2949 Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
2950 (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni
2951 (david@cnation.com), ...and many many more..
2953 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
2959 =head2 CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
2971 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
2978 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
2980 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
2988 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
2994 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
2996 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
2998 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
3000 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
3004 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3010 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
3016 =item USING CGI::Push
3018 -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
3020 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
3024 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3030 =head2 CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first
3041 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
3049 =item Interactive Mode
3051 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
3052 install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or
3061 =item The 4 Classes: Authors, Bundles, Modules, Distributions
3063 =item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
3065 expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
3075 =item Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz
3081 o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
3082 E<lt>valueE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
3083 [shift|pop], o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice]
3096 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
3102 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
3111 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
3117 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
3125 =item The C<struct()> function
3127 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
3129 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
3130 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
3136 Example 1, Example 2
3138 =item Author and Modification History
3140 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
3146 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
3154 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
3160 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB
3166 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
3170 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
3172 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
3174 =item Default Parameters
3176 =item In Memory Databases
3184 =item A Simple Example
3192 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
3194 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
3196 =item The get_dup() Method
3198 =item Matching Partial Keys
3206 =item The 'bval' Option
3208 =item A Simple Example
3212 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
3213 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
3215 =item Another Example
3219 =item THE API INTERFACE
3221 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
3222 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
3223 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
3224 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
3226 =item HINTS AND TIPS
3230 =item Locking Databases
3232 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
3234 =item The untie() Gotcha
3238 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
3242 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
3244 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
3246 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
3248 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
3262 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
3268 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
3274 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
3280 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
3281 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
3282 dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
3283 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
3288 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
3295 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables
3303 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
3311 =item Selecting What To Export
3313 =item Specialised Import Lists
3315 =item Module Version Checking
3317 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
3319 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
3323 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
3330 cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv
3331 source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath
3332 directory.., test_f file
3340 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
3350 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
3351 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
3359 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
3365 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
3371 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
3377 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
3387 =item VMS implementation
3393 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3400 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
3410 =item Preloaded methods
3412 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir
3414 =item SelfLoaded methods
3416 c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o),
3417 const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o),
3418 dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o),
3419 dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan,
3420 extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl
3422 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
3424 force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, init_others,
3425 install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o),
3426 makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command,
3427 maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru
3428 (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o),
3429 post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean
3430 (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o),
3431 subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script
3432 (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o),
3433 writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list
3439 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3448 =item Methods always loaded
3450 eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override),
3451 rootdir (override), updir (override)
3453 =item SelfLoaded methods
3455 guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command
3456 (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override),
3457 file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others
3458 (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd
3459 (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp
3460 (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist
3461 (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets
3462 (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs
3463 (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL
3464 (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override),
3465 realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override),
3466 dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend
3467 (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness
3468 (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext
3473 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3480 catfile, static_lib (o), dynamic_lib (o), canonpath, perl_script,
3481 pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit (override), tools_other
3482 (o), manifypods (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)
3484 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
3492 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
3494 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
3502 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
3506 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
3508 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
3510 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
3512 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
3514 C, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
3515 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, INC,
3516 INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR,
3517 INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB,
3518 INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
3519 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
3520 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
3521 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
3522 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX,
3523 PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
3526 =item Additional lowercase attributes
3528 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean,
3531 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
3533 =item Hintsfile support
3535 =item Distribution Support
3537 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
3538 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
3539 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
3547 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
3557 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
3561 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
3562 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
3568 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
3576 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
3582 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
3589 NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE
3595 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
3601 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
3609 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
3611 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
3617 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
3621 C<basename>, C<dirname>
3623 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
3629 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
3639 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
3647 =item Special behavior if C<syscopy> is defined (VMS and OS/2)
3649 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
3657 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
3663 =head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
3673 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
3683 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
3691 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
3697 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
3701 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
3707 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
3717 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
3729 =head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
3736 E<lt>noneE<gt>, !, =s, :s, =i, :i, =f, :f
3740 =item Linkage specification
3742 =item Aliases and abbreviations
3744 =item Non-option call-back routine
3746 =item Option starters
3756 =item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
3758 default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling
3759 (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case
3760 (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default:
3761 reset), debug (default: reset)
3763 =item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
3765 $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error
3767 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
3774 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
3781 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
3787 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
3795 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
3799 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
3805 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
3813 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
3817 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
3818 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
3819 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
3829 =head2 IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
3837 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
3841 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
3849 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
3859 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
3871 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
3872 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
3873 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
3881 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
3893 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
3900 =item IO::Socket::INET
3904 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
3907 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
3911 hostpath(), peerpath()
3921 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
3929 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
3933 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
3939 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
3948 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
3952 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
3953 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
3954 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
3964 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
3972 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
3976 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
3984 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
3995 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
4008 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
4009 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
4010 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
4018 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
4031 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
4038 =item IO::Socket::INET
4042 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
4045 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
4049 hostpath(), peerpath()
4059 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
4069 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
4078 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
4084 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to
4090 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
4096 Canonical notation, Input, Output
4104 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
4115 =item STRINGIFICATION
4119 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4125 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
4131 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
4135 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4137 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
4141 =item ANGLE CONVERSIONS
4147 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
4153 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
4163 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
4164 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
4172 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
4185 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
4198 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
4209 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
4222 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
4228 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
4238 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
4240 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
4241 or optag, an operator set (opset)
4243 =item Opcode Functions
4245 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
4246 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
4247 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
4250 =item Manipulating Opsets
4254 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
4256 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
4257 :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write,
4258 :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
4264 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
4271 a new namespace, an operator mask
4277 =item RECENT CHANGES
4279 =item Methods in class Safe
4281 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4282 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4283 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4284 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4286 =item Some Safety Issues
4288 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4294 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
4303 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
4315 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
4316 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
4317 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
4318 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
4319 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
4320 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
4321 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
4322 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
4323 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
4324 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
4325 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
4326 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
4327 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
4328 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
4329 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
4330 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
4331 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
4332 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
4333 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
4334 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
4335 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
4336 strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh,
4337 tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
4338 tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
4339 ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
4340 wcstombs, wctomb, write
4346 =item POSIX::SigAction
4352 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
4354 =item POSIX::Termios
4356 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
4357 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
4358 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
4359 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
4360 values, c_oflag field values
4364 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
4368 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
4372 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
4430 =head2 Pod::Html, Pod::HTML - module to convert pod files to HTML
4438 help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape,
4439 nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose
4451 =head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
4461 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
4467 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
4473 a new namespace, an operator mask
4479 =item RECENT CHANGES
4481 =item Methods in class Safe
4483 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4484 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4485 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4486 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4488 =item Some Safety Issues
4490 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4496 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
4502 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
4508 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
4516 =item The __DATA__ token
4518 =item SelfLoader autoloading
4520 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
4522 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
4524 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
4526 =item Classes and inherited methods.
4530 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
4532 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
4540 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
4541 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
4547 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
4548 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
4549 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
4550 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
4551 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
4553 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
4559 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
4567 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
4568 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
4574 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
4575 setlogmask $mask_priority, closelog
4585 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
4593 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
4599 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
4607 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
4608 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
4614 =item Minimal set of supported functions
4616 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
4617 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
4619 =item Additional supported functions
4625 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
4633 =item The test script output
4641 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
4642 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
4643 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
4652 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
4660 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens
4668 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
4681 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
4692 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
4704 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
4710 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
4711 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
4715 =item MORE INFORMATION
4717 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
4731 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
4738 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
4740 =item MORE INFORMATION
4742 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
4750 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
4756 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
4767 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
4778 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
4786 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
4792 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), isa ( VAL, TYPE ),
4795 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
4806 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
4817 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
4819 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
4820 don't all have manual pages yet:
4842 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles