4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Language-Specific
34 =item Platform-Specific
58 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
68 =item Running Perl programs
70 =item Basic syntax overview
72 =item Perl variable types
74 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
76 =item Variable scoping
78 =item Conditional and looping constructs
80 if, while, for, foreach
82 =item Builtin operators and functions
84 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
89 =item Regular expressions
91 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
92 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
94 =item Writing subroutines
98 =item Using Perl modules
106 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11
115 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
117 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
121 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
123 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
125 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
127 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
129 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
131 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
133 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
137 =item About the perlfaq documents
141 =item Where to get the perlfaq
143 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
145 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
152 =item Author and Copyright Information
156 =item Bundled Distributions
164 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
165 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
166 Initial Release: 11/March/97
170 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
178 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
188 =item Simple statements
190 =item Compound statements
198 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
202 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
204 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
210 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
224 =item Scalar value constructors
226 =item List value constructors
230 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
238 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
248 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
250 =item The Arrow Operator
252 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
256 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
258 =item Binding Operators
260 =item Multiplicative Operators
262 =item Additive Operators
264 =item Shift Operators
266 =item Named Unary Operators
268 =item Relational Operators
270 =item Equality Operators
274 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
276 =item C-style Logical And
278 =item C-style Logical Or
280 =item Range Operators
282 =item Conditional Operator
284 =item Assignment Operators
288 =item List Operators (Rightward)
294 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
296 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
298 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
300 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
302 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
304 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
305 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
306 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
307 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
309 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
311 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
312 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
313 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
314 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
319 =item Constant Folding
321 =item Bitwise String Operators
323 =item Integer Arithmetic
325 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
333 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
343 =item Private Variables via my()
345 =item Persistent Private Variables
347 =item Temporary Values via local()
349 =item Lvalue subroutines
351 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
353 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
355 =item When to Still Use local()
357 =item Pass by Reference
361 =item Constant Functions
363 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
367 =item Subroutine Attributes
375 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
383 =item Perl Functions by Category
385 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
386 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
387 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
388 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
389 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
390 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
391 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
392 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
393 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
394 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
399 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
401 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
402 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
403 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
404 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
405 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
406 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
407 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
408 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
409 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
410 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
411 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
412 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
413 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
414 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
415 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
416 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
417 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
418 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
419 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
420 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
421 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
422 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
423 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
424 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
425 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
426 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
427 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
428 lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
429 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
430 KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
431 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
432 Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
433 EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
434 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
435 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
436 ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
437 package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
438 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
439 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
440 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
441 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
442 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
443 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
444 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
445 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
446 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
447 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
448 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
449 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
450 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
451 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
452 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
453 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
454 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
455 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
456 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
457 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
458 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
459 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
460 study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub
461 NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr
462 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall
463 LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen
464 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
465 sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE,
466 system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
467 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell
468 FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
469 VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
470 EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
471 EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE,
472 unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module
473 LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec
474 EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write
475 FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
481 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
487 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
495 =item Making References
497 =item Using References
515 =item Distribution Conditions
521 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
527 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
528 more elaborate constructs
532 =item COMMON MISTAKES
534 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
536 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
542 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
546 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
548 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
550 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
554 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
558 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
560 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
562 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
566 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
570 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
572 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
574 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
578 =item HASHES OF HASHES
582 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
584 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
586 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
590 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
594 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
596 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
598 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
610 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
620 =item Simple word matching
622 =item Using character classes
624 =item Matching this or that
626 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
628 =item Extracting matches
630 =item Matching repetitions
634 =item Search and replace
636 =item The split operator
644 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
648 =item Acknowledgments
654 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
662 =item Ordinary Paragraph
664 =item Verbatim Paragraph
666 =item Command Paragraph
668 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
669 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
670 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
671 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
673 =item Formatting Codes
675 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
676 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
677 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
678 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
679 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
680 (zero-effect) formatting code
684 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
686 =item Hints for Writing Pod
696 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
703 =item Pod Definitions
707 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
708 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
710 =item Pod Formatting Codes
712 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
713 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
714 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
715 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
716 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
717 contains non-breaking spaces
719 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
721 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
723 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
725 =item About =over...=back Regions
727 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
735 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
743 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
761 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
763 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
764 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
765 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
766 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
768 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
770 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
771 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
772 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
776 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
778 =item Numerical Traps
780 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
782 =item General data type traps
784 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
785 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
787 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
789 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
791 =item Precedence Traps
793 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
796 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
798 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
799 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
802 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
804 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
810 =item Interpolation Traps
812 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
813 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
819 =item Unclassified Traps
821 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
828 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
838 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
840 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
842 =item Location of Perl
844 =item Command Switches
846 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
847 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
848 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
849 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
850 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
851 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
852 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
858 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
859 :perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
860 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
861 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port),
862 SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
866 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
874 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
882 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
884 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
886 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
890 =item Backward Compatibility
892 =item Category Hierarchy
896 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
908 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
916 =item Looking at data and -w and v
920 =item Stepping through code
922 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
924 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
942 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
948 =item The Perl Debugger
952 =item Debugger Commands
954 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
955 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
956 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
957 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
958 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
959 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
960 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
961 command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
962 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source file, H -number, q
963 or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage]
965 =item Configurable Options
967 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
968 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
969 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
970 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
971 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
972 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
975 =item Debugger input/output
977 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
980 =item Debugging compile-time statements
982 =item Debugger Customization
984 =item Readline Support
986 =item Editor Support for Debugging
988 =item The Perl Profiler
992 =item Debugging regular expressions
994 =item Debugging memory usage
1002 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1010 =item Predefined Names
1012 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1013 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1014 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1015 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1016 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1017 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1018 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1019 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1020 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1021 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1022 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1023 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1024 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1025 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1026 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1027 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1028 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1029 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1030 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1031 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1032 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1033 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1034 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1035 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1036 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1037 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1038 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1039 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1040 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1041 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1043 =item Error Indicators
1045 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1053 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1061 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1063 =item Growing Your Own
1065 =item Access and Printing
1077 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1083 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1091 =item The Minus File
1093 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1099 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1103 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1107 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1111 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1113 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1115 =item Paths as Opens
1117 =item Single Argument Open
1119 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1123 =item Other I/O Issues
1127 =item Opening Non-File Files
1139 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1145 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1151 =item The Basic Principle
1155 =item Packing Numbers
1161 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1163 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1165 =item Floating point Numbers
1169 =item Exotic Templates
1181 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1185 =item Lengths and Widths
1189 =item String Lengths
1191 =item Dynamic Templates
1195 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1199 =item The Alignment Pit
1201 =item Alignment, Take 2
1203 =item Alignment, Take 3
1205 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1211 =item Funnies Section
1217 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1223 =item Part 1: The basics
1227 =item Simple word matching
1229 =item Using character classes
1231 =item Matching this or that
1233 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1235 =item Extracting matches
1237 =item Matching repetitions
1239 =item Building a regexp
1241 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1245 =item Part 2: Power tools
1249 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1251 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1253 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1255 =item Non-capturing groupings
1257 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1259 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1261 =item Conditional expressions
1263 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1265 =item Pragmas and debugging
1273 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1277 =item Acknowledgments
1283 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1293 =item Regular Expressions
1295 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1297 =item Extended Patterns
1299 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1300 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1301 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1302 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1306 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1308 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1310 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1312 =item Combining pieces together
1314 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1315 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1316 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1317 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1319 =item Creating custom RE engines
1329 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1339 =item Making References
1341 =item Using References
1343 =item Symbolic references
1345 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1347 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1349 =item Function Templates
1359 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1367 =item Format Variables
1377 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1385 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1393 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1395 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1397 =item Invoking a barnyard
1399 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1401 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1403 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1405 =item A few notes about @ISA
1407 =item Overriding the methods
1409 =item Starting the search from a different place
1411 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1413 =item Where we're at so far...
1415 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1417 =item Invoking an instance method
1419 =item Accessing the instance data
1421 =item How to build a horse
1423 =item Inheriting the constructor
1425 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1427 =item Adding parameters to a method
1429 =item More interesting instances
1431 =item A horse of a different color
1443 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1449 =item Creating a Class
1453 =item Object Representation
1455 =item Class Interface
1457 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1459 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1463 =item Other Object Methods
1471 =item Accessing Class Data
1473 =item Debugging Methods
1475 =item Class Destructors
1477 =item Documenting the Interface
1487 =item Overridden Methods
1489 =item Multiple Inheritance
1491 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1495 =item Alternate Object Representations
1499 =item Arrays as Objects
1501 =item Closures as Objects
1505 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1509 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1511 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1515 =item Metaclassical Tools
1521 =item Data Members as Variables
1529 =item Object Terminology
1535 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1541 =item Acknowledgments
1547 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1553 =item Class Data in a Can
1555 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1559 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1561 =item Inheritance Concerns
1563 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1565 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1567 =item Monadic Classes
1569 =item Translucent Attributes
1573 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1577 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1579 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1581 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1583 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1585 =item Translucency Revisited
1593 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1595 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1601 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1609 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1611 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1613 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1615 =item Method Invocation
1617 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1619 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1621 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1627 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1635 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1641 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1643 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1645 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1647 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1649 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1651 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1653 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1655 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1657 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1659 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1665 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1677 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1682 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1683 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1684 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1685 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1690 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1691 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1692 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1694 =item Tying FileHandles
1696 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1697 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1702 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1714 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1715 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1725 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
1733 =item Deferred Signals
1735 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals
1736 triggered by operating system state
1740 =item Using open() for IPC
1746 =item Background Processes
1748 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1750 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1752 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1754 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1758 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1762 =item Internet Line Terminators
1764 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1766 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1770 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1774 =item A Simple Client
1776 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1778 =item A Webget Client
1780 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1784 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1786 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1788 =item UDP: Message Passing
1802 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1812 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1814 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1815 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1816 files, directories and network sockets
1818 =item Resource limits
1820 =item Killing the parent process
1822 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1824 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1826 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1827 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1828 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1840 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1848 =item Storing numbers
1850 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1852 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1854 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1855 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1856 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1865 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1873 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1875 =item Threaded Program Models
1887 =item Native threads
1889 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
1891 =item Threadsafe Modules
1897 =item Basic Thread Support
1899 =item A Note about the Examples
1901 =item Creating Threads
1903 =item Giving up control
1905 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1907 =item Ignoring A Thread
1911 =item Threads And Data
1915 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1917 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
1921 =item Synchronization and control
1925 =item Controlling access: lock()
1927 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1929 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1931 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1933 =item Basic semaphores
1935 =item Advanced Semaphores
1937 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
1941 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1945 =item What Thread Am I In?
1949 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1951 =item What Threads Are Running?
1955 =item A Complete Example
1957 =item Performance considerations
1959 =item Threadsafety of System Libraries
1967 =item Introductory Texts
1969 =item OS-Related References
1971 =item Other References
1975 =item Acknowledgements
1983 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1989 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1991 =item Threaded Program Models
2003 =item Native threads
2005 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2007 =item Threadsafe Modules
2013 =item Basic Thread Support
2015 =item Creating Threads
2017 =item Giving up control
2019 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2021 =item Errors In Threads
2023 =item Ignoring A Thread
2027 =item Threads And Data
2031 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2033 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2035 =item Controlling access: lock()
2037 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2039 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2043 =item Threads And Code
2047 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2049 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
2051 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
2053 =item Subroutine Locks
2057 =item Locking A Subroutine
2061 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2065 =item What Thread Am I In?
2069 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2071 =item What Threads Are Running?
2075 =item A Complete Example
2083 =item Introductory Texts
2085 =item OS-Related References
2087 =item Other References
2091 =item Acknowledgements
2099 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2105 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2114 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2116 =item Files and Filesystems
2118 =item System Interaction
2120 =item Command names versus file pathnames
2122 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2124 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2126 =item Standard Modules
2130 =item Character sets and character encoding
2132 =item Internationalisation
2134 =item System Resources
2144 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2145 http://testers.cpan.org/
2153 =item DOS and Derivatives
2161 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2169 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2173 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2175 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2176 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2177 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2178 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2179 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2180 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2181 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2182 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2183 getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
2184 setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
2185 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob
2186 EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
2187 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
2188 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
2189 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
2190 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
2191 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2192 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2193 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2194 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2195 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2196 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2197 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2198 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2199 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2205 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2206 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2207 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2208 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2209 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2210 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2212 =item Supported Platforms
2216 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2220 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2227 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2233 =item The use locale pragma
2235 =item The setlocale function
2237 =item Finding locales
2239 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2241 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2243 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2245 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2247 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2249 =item The localeconv function
2251 =item I18N::Langinfo
2255 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2259 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2261 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2263 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2265 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2269 =item Other categories
2277 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2278 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2284 =item Backward compatibility
2286 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2288 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2290 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2292 =item Freely available locale definitions
2296 =item An imperfect standard
2300 =item Unicode and UTF-8
2306 =item Broken systems
2316 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2326 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2328 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2330 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
2332 =item Creating Unicode
2334 =item Handling Unicode
2336 =item Legacy Encodings
2340 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2344 =item Advanced Topics
2348 =item Questions With Answers
2350 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2352 =item Further Resources
2356 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2360 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
2362 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2366 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2374 =item Important Caveats
2376 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
2377 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2379 =item Byte and Character Semantics
2381 =item Effects of Character Semantics
2387 =item User-Defined Character Properties
2389 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
2391 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
2393 =item Unicode Encodings
2395 =item Security Implications of Unicode
2397 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2401 =item Using Unicode in XS
2409 =item Interaction with Locales
2411 =item Interaction with Extensions
2421 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2427 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2435 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2439 =item 13 variant characters
2447 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
2449 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
2451 =item Unicode and UTF
2457 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2459 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2461 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2475 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2477 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2479 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2481 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2489 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2491 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2493 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2495 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2499 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2503 =item URL decoding and encoding
2505 =item uu encoding and decoding
2507 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2509 =item Caesarian ciphers
2513 =item Hashing order and checksums
2517 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2529 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2549 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2557 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2559 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2561 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2565 =item Protecting Your Programs
2575 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2587 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2593 =item Making your module threadsafe
2601 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2611 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2612 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2626 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2632 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2636 =item Pragmatic Modules
2638 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes,
2639 charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer,
2640 less, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs,
2641 threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
2643 =item Standard Modules
2645 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2646 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2647 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2648 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2649 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2650 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2651 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest,
2652 DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
2653 Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM,
2654 ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
2655 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any,
2656 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
2657 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN,
2658 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2659 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2660 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2661 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
2662 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
2663 File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2664 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2665 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2666 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
2667 I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2,
2668 IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
2669 Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13,
2670 Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2671 Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
2672 Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
2673 Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2674 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2675 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2676 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2677 PerlIO, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions,
2678 Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink,
2679 Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text,
2680 Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage,
2681 SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket,
2682 Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
2683 Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
2684 Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple,
2685 Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2686 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
2687 Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2688 Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
2689 Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate,
2690 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2692 =item Extension Modules
2706 China, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Russian
2707 Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
2709 =item Central America
2715 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
2716 Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
2717 Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,
2718 Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United
2723 Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico
2727 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
2728 Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York,
2729 North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas,
2730 Utah, Virginia, ashington, Wisconsin
2734 Australia, New Zealand
2738 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
2744 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2748 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2750 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2752 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2760 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2766 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2770 =item Before you start
2778 =item Release considerations
2782 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2786 =item Has it been done before?
2788 =item Do one thing and do it well
2790 =item What's in a name?
2794 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2798 =item To OO or not to OO?
2800 =item Designing your API
2802 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2803 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2806 =item Strictness and warnings
2808 =item Backwards compatibility
2810 =item Error handling and messages
2814 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2820 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2824 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2828 =item Version numbering
2830 =item Pre-requisites
2840 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2844 =item Reinventing the wheel
2846 =item Trying to do too much
2848 =item Inappropriate documentation
2854 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2855 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2861 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2871 =item What should I make into a module?
2873 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2875 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2877 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2879 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2880 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2881 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2883 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2885 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2886 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2896 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
2897 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $)
2907 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2909 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2911 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2913 =item What is perl6?
2915 =item How stable is Perl?
2917 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2919 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2922 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2924 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2926 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2928 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2930 =item What is a JAPH?
2932 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2934 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2935 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
2939 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2943 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $,
2944 $Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $)
2952 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2954 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2956 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2958 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2961 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2962 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2964 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2965 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2967 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2969 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2971 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2973 =item Where should I post source code?
2977 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2979 =item Perl in Magazines
2981 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2983 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2985 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2987 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2989 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2991 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
2995 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2999 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2002/05/06
3008 =item How do I do (anything)?
3010 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
3012 =item Is there a Perl shell?
3014 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
3016 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
3018 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
3020 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
3022 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
3024 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
3026 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
3027 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
3028 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
3030 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
3032 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
3034 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
3036 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
3038 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
3040 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
3042 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
3044 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
3045 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
3047 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
3049 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
3051 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
3053 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
3055 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
3057 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
3059 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
3061 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
3063 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
3065 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
3067 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
3069 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
3071 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
3072 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
3074 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
3076 =item What's MakeMaker?
3080 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3084 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
3095 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
3096 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
3098 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
3100 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
3103 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
3105 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
3106 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
3107 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
3108 from decimal to binary
3110 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
3112 =item How do I multiply matrices?
3114 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
3116 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
3118 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
3120 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
3128 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
3130 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
3132 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
3134 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
3136 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
3138 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
3140 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
3148 =item How do I validate input?
3150 =item How do I unescape a string?
3152 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
3154 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
3156 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
3158 =item How do I reverse a string?
3160 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
3162 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
3164 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
3166 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
3168 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
3171 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
3173 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
3174 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
3176 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3178 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3180 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3182 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3184 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3186 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3188 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3190 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3191 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3200 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3202 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3204 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3208 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3211 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3212 intersection of two arrays?
3214 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3216 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3218 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3220 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3222 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3224 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3226 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3228 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3230 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3232 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3234 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3238 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3242 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3244 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3247 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3249 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3251 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3253 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3255 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3257 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3259 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3261 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3263 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3265 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3267 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3270 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3271 array of hashes or arrays?
3273 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3281 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3283 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3285 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3287 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3289 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3291 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3293 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3297 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3301 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
3310 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3312 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3313 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3315 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3317 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3319 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3321 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3322 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3324 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3326 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3328 =item How can I write() into a string?
3330 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3332 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3334 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3336 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3338 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3340 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3342 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3344 =item How can I lock a file?
3346 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3348 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3349 the file. How can I do this?
3351 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3352 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3354 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3356 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3358 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3360 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3362 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3364 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3366 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3368 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3370 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3372 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3374 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3376 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
3377 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3379 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3381 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3382 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3384 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3386 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3390 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3394 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: 2002/06/01
3403 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3404 and unmaintainable code?
3406 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3408 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3410 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3413 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3415 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3418 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3420 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3422 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3424 =item What is C</o> really for?
3426 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3429 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3431 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3433 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3435 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3437 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3439 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3441 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3443 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3445 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3447 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3449 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3451 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3453 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3457 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3461 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
3462 2002/03/26 15:48:32 $)
3470 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3472 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3475 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3478 =item How do I skip some return values?
3480 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3482 =item What's an extension?
3484 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3486 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3488 =item How do I create a module?
3490 =item How do I create a class?
3492 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3494 =item What's a closure?
3496 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3498 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3501 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3504 =item How do I create a static variable?
3506 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3507 Between local() and my()?
3509 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3512 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3514 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3516 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3518 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3520 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3522 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3524 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3526 =item How can I find out my current package?
3528 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3530 =item How do I clear a package?
3532 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3536 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3540 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/05/16
3549 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3551 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3553 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3555 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3557 =item How do I print something out in color?
3559 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3561 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3563 =item How do I clear the screen?
3565 =item How do I get the screen size?
3567 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3569 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3571 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3573 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3575 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3577 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3579 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3581 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3583 =item How do I set the time and date?
3585 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3587 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3589 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3591 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3592 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3594 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3596 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3598 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3600 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3602 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3604 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3606 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3608 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3610 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3612 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3615 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3617 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3619 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3621 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3624 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3625 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3626 changes to be visible?
3630 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3633 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3635 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3637 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3639 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3641 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3643 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3645 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3647 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3649 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3651 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3653 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3655 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3658 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3660 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3664 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3668 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13
3677 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3679 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3682 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3684 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3686 =item How do I extract URLs?
3688 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3689 file on another machine?
3691 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3693 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3695 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3697 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3699 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3701 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3703 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3705 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3706 CGI script to do bad things?
3708 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3710 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3712 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3714 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3716 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3718 =item How do I send mail?
3720 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3722 =item How do I read mail?
3724 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3726 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3728 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3730 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3734 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3738 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3748 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3752 =item Using The Back Ends
3756 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3760 =item The Decompiling Back End
3762 =item The Lint Back End
3764 =item The Simple C Back End
3766 =item The Bytecode Back End
3768 =item The Optimized C Back End
3772 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3774 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3775 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3776 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3778 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3784 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3794 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3795 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3799 =item Compiling your C program
3801 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3803 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3805 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3807 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3809 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3811 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3813 =item Execution of END blocks
3815 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3817 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3822 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3832 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3838 =item Debugger Internals
3842 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3846 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3848 =item Debugging regular expressions
3852 =item Compile-time output
3854 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3855 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3856 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3859 =item Types of nodes
3861 =item Run-time output
3865 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3869 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3871 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3872 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3875 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3877 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3879 =item B<-DL> details
3883 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3891 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3903 =item Version caveat
3905 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3917 =item What has gone on?
3919 =item Writing good test scripts
3923 =item What's new here?
3925 =item Input and Output Parameters
3927 =item The XSUBPP Program
3929 =item The TYPEMAP file
3931 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3935 =item What has happened here?
3937 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3939 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3941 =item More about XSUB arguments
3943 =item The Argument Stack
3945 =item Extending your Extension
3947 =item Documenting your Extension
3949 =item Installing your Extension
3953 =item New Things in this Example
3957 =item New Things in this Example
3959 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3961 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3963 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
3965 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3981 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3993 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3995 =item The Argument Stack
3997 =item The RETVAL Variable
3999 =item The MODULE Keyword
4001 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4003 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4005 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4007 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4009 =item The CODE: Keyword
4011 =item The INIT: Keyword
4013 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4015 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4017 =item Default Parameter Values
4019 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4021 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4023 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4025 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4027 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4029 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4031 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4033 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4035 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4037 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4039 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4041 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4043 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4045 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4047 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4049 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4051 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4053 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4055 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4057 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4059 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4061 =item The CASE: Keyword
4063 =item The & Unary Operator
4065 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4067 =item Using XS With C++
4069 =item Interface Strategy
4071 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4075 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4077 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4089 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4099 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4101 =item File Operations
4103 =item File Input and Output
4105 =item File Positioning
4107 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4109 =item Character Class Tests
4111 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4113 =item Miscellaneous functions
4121 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4133 =item What is an "IV"?
4135 =item Working with SVs
4139 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4141 =item Working with AVs
4143 =item Working with HVs
4145 =item Hash API Extensions
4149 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4151 =item Creating New Variables
4153 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4155 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4157 =item Stashes and Globs
4159 =item Double-Typed SVs
4161 =item Magic Variables
4163 =item Assigning Magic
4165 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4169 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4171 =item Localizing changes
4173 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4174 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4175 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4176 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4177 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4178 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4179 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4180 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4181 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4182 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4190 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4192 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4194 =item Memory Allocation
4198 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4202 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4212 =item Examining the tree
4214 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4216 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4218 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4220 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4222 =item Pluggable runops
4226 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4228 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4232 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4234 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4236 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4238 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4240 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4244 =item Internal Functions
4246 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4250 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4252 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4254 =item Source Documentation
4258 =item Unicode Support
4262 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4264 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4266 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4268 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4270 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4272 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4276 =item Custom Operators
4284 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4290 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4292 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4294 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4314 =item Determining the Context
4318 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4324 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4326 =item Passing Parameters
4328 =item Returning a Scalar
4330 =item Returning a list of values
4332 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4334 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4338 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4342 =item Using call_argv
4344 =item Using call_method
4348 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4350 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4352 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4353 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4356 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4358 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4370 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4380 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4381 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4382 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4383 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4387 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4389 =item Administration
4391 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4395 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4396 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4404 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4414 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4416 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4418 B<Decryption Filters>
4420 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4422 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4424 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4436 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4444 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4445 B<filter_fetch_value>
4451 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4453 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4463 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4469 =item "Gimme" Values
4471 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4473 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4475 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4476 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4477 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4479 =item Callback Functions
4481 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4482 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4484 =item Character classes
4486 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4488 =item Cloning an interpreter
4492 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4494 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4496 =item Embedding Functions
4498 load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
4499 perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4501 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4503 pack_cat, unpack_str
4505 =item Global Variables
4507 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4511 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4512 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4516 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4518 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4520 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4521 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4522 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4523 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
4524 hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4526 =item Magical Functions
4528 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4529 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4530 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4532 =item Memory Management
4534 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4535 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4537 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4539 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
4540 strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
4542 =item Numeric functions
4544 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4547 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4549 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4551 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4553 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4554 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4555 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4556 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4557 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4561 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4563 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4565 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4566 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4567 new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4568 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx,
4569 SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
4570 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4571 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4572 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4573 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX,
4574 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4575 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4576 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK,
4577 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
4578 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4579 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4580 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4581 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4582 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm,
4583 sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4584 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4585 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4586 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing,
4587 sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte,
4588 sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags,
4589 sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4590 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4591 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg,
4592 sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
4593 sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
4594 sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags,
4595 sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode,
4596 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags,
4597 sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4599 =item Unicode Support
4601 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4602 pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case,
4603 to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr,
4604 utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes,
4605 utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
4607 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4609 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4610 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4612 =item Warning and Dieing
4622 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4629 =item Global Variables
4631 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4642 =item Pad Data Structures
4646 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4650 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4652 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4660 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4670 =item History and Background
4672 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4674 =item Data Structures
4676 =item Functions and Attributes
4678 =item Per-instance Data
4680 =item Layers in action.
4682 =item Per-instance flag bits
4684 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4685 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4686 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4687 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4689 =item Methods in Detail
4691 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4692 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4693 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4694 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4699 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4701 =item Extension Layers
4703 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
4711 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4719 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4720 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4721 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4722 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4723 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4724 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4725 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4726 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4727 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4728 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4729 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4733 =item Co-existence with stdio
4735 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4736 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4738 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4740 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4741 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4742 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4743 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4745 =item Other Functions
4747 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4748 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4754 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4760 =item To do during 5.6.x
4764 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4766 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4768 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4770 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4772 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4776 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4778 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
4780 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4782 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4784 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4786 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4788 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4790 =item Complete signal handling
4792 =item Out-of-source builds
4794 =item POSIX realtime support
4796 =item UNIX98 support
4800 =item Long double conversion
4804 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4806 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4808 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4810 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4812 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
4814 =item Custom opcodes
4816 =item DLL Versioning
4818 =item Introduce @( and @)
4820 =item Floating point handling
4822 =item IV/UV preservation
4824 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4826 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4828 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4830 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4832 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4834 =item Document Win32 choices
4836 =item Check new modules
4838 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4842 =item To do at some point
4846 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4848 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4850 =item bitfields in pack
4852 =item Cross compilation
4854 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4856 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4858 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4860 =item -i rename file when changed
4862 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4864 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4866 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4868 =item my sub foo { }
4870 =item One-pass global destruction
4872 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4874 =item Cache recently used regexps
4876 =item Cross-compilation support
4878 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4880 =item debugger pragma
4882 =item use less pragma
4884 =item switch structures
4886 =item Cache eval tree
4890 =item Shrink opcode tables
4892 =item Optimize away @_
4894 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4898 =item Prototype method calls
4900 =item Return context prototype declarations
4904 =item Garbage collection
4908 =item Rewrite perldoc
4910 =item Install .3p manpages
4912 =item Unicode tutorial
4914 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4916 =item Retargetable installation
4918 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4920 =item Rename Win32 headers
4922 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4924 =item Update sprintf documentation
4926 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4928 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4930 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
4932 =item Should overload be inheritable?
4942 =item ref() in list context
4944 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4946 =item Compile to real threaded code
4948 =item Structured types
4950 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4952 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4956 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4960 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4962 =item Constant function cache
4964 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4972 =item Update guts documentation
4974 =item Add more tests
4976 =item Update auxiliary tools
4978 =item Create debugging macros
4980 =item truncate to the people
4982 =item Unicode in Filenames
4986 =item Recently done things
4990 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4992 =item Safe signal handling
4998 =item setitimer and getimiter
5000 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
5002 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
5004 =item Explicit switch statements
5012 =item perlcc to produce executable
5014 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
5016 =item Secure temporary file module
5018 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
5020 =item Turn Cwd into XS
5022 =item Mmap for input
5024 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
5026 =item Add sockatmark support
5028 =item Mailing list archives
5032 =item Integrate MacPerl
5034 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5036 =item Regular expression tutorial
5038 =item Debugging Tutorial
5040 =item Integrate new modules
5042 =item Integrate profiler
5044 =item Y2K error detection
5046 =item Regular expression debugger
5050 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5052 =item Cache precompiled modules
5056 =item Deprecated Wishes
5060 =item Loop control on do{}
5062 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5068 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5070 =item Named prototypes
5072 =item Built-in globbing
5074 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5076 =item Cached hash values
5078 =item Add compression modules
5080 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5082 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5084 =item Make XS easier to use
5086 =item Make embedding easier to use
5090 =item my $Package::variable
5092 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5094 =item "class"-based lexicals
5098 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5100 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5102 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5104 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5110 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
5116 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
5117 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
5118 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
5119 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
5120 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
5121 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
5122 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
5126 =item Keeping in sync
5128 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
5129 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
5131 =item Why rsync the source tree
5133 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
5135 =item Why rsync the patches
5137 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
5138 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
5140 =item Perlbug remote interface
5142 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
5143 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
5145 =item Submitting patches
5147 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
5148 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
5150 =item Finding Your Way Around
5152 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
5154 =item Elements of the interpreter
5156 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
5158 =item Internal Variable Types
5164 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5166 =item Millions of Macros
5168 =item Poking at Perl
5170 =item Using a source-level debugger
5172 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5173 finish, 'enter', print
5175 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5179 =item Patching a core module
5181 =item Adding a new function to the core
5183 =item Writing a test
5185 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5186 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5188 =item Special Make Test Targets
5190 coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third
5191 ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8
5195 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5199 =item Rational Software's Purify
5201 =item Purify on Unix
5203 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5207 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5209 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5211 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5215 =item Gprof Profiling
5217 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5219 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5221 =item Pixie Profiling
5223 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5226 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5230 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5238 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5246 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5258 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5260 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5264 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5268 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5274 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5276 =item Incompatible Changes
5280 =item Binary Incompatibility
5282 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5284 =item AIX Dynaloading
5286 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time.
5288 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5290 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5292 =item New Unicode Properties
5294 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5296 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5302 =item Core Enhancements
5306 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5308 =item Restricted Hashes
5312 =item Unicode Overhaul
5314 =item Understanding of Numbers
5316 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
5318 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5322 =item Modules and Pragmata
5326 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5328 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5332 =item Utility Changes
5334 =item New Documentation
5336 =item Performance Enhancements
5338 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5342 =item Generic Improvements
5344 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5348 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5352 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5356 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5358 =item Changed Internals
5360 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
5364 =item Known Problems
5370 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
5376 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
5378 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
5380 =item ext/threads/t/libc
5382 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
5384 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
5386 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t
5388 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
5390 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5392 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5394 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5396 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
5398 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5400 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
5404 =item OS/2 Test Failures
5406 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5410 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
5412 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
5414 =item PDL failing some tests
5416 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
5418 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5420 =item Timing problems
5422 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
5434 =item XML::Parser not working
5438 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5440 =item Self-tying Problems
5442 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
5444 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5446 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5448 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
5450 =item The Long Double Support Is Still Experimental
5452 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5456 =item Reporting Bugs
5464 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5470 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5472 =item Incompatible Changes
5476 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5478 =item AIX Dynaloading
5480 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5482 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5488 =item Core Enhancements
5490 =item Modules and Pragmata
5494 =item New Modules and Distributions
5496 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5500 =item Utility Changes
5502 =item New Documentation
5504 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5508 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5510 =item Generic Improvements
5514 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5518 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5522 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5524 =item Source Code Enhancements
5528 =item MAGIC constants
5530 =item Better commented code
5532 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5540 =item Known Problems
5546 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5548 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5550 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5552 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5554 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5556 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5560 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5562 =item Failure of Thread tests
5572 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5574 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5576 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5578 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5580 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5582 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5586 =item Reporting Bugs
5594 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5600 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5602 =item Incompatible Changes
5604 =item Core Enhancements
5608 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5610 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5612 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5616 =item Modules and Pragmata
5622 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5626 =item Performance Enhancements
5628 =item Utility Changes
5630 =item New Documentation
5646 =item README.solaris
5650 =item Porting/repository.pod
5654 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5658 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5660 =item Generic Improvements
5662 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5663 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5664 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5668 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5672 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5676 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5678 =item Changed Internals
5682 =item Known Problems
5686 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5688 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5690 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5692 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5696 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5698 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5700 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5702 =item Failure of Thread tests
5704 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5706 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5708 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5710 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5714 =item Reporting Bugs
5722 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5728 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5730 =item Incompatible Changes
5732 =item Core Enhancements
5734 =item Modules and Pragmata
5740 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5744 =item Utility Changes
5746 =item New Documentation
5748 =item Performance Enhancements
5750 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5754 =item Generic Improvements
5758 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5762 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5766 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5768 =item Changed Internals
5770 =item Known Problems
5774 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5776 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5778 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5780 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5782 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5784 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5786 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5788 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5790 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5792 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5796 =item Reporting Bugs
5804 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5810 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5814 =item Security Issues
5816 =item Core bug fixes
5818 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5819 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5820 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5821 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5822 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5823 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5828 =item Configuration issues
5832 =item Bundled modules
5834 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5835 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5836 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5837 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5839 =item Platform-specific improvements
5841 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5845 =item Core Enhancements
5849 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5851 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5853 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5855 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5857 =item "our" declarations
5859 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5861 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5863 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5865 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5867 =item open() with more than two arguments
5869 =item 64-bit support
5871 =item Large file support
5877 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5879 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5881 =item File globbing implemented internally
5883 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5885 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5887 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5889 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5891 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5893 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5895 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5897 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5899 =item Comments in pack() templates
5901 =item Weak references
5903 =item Binary numbers supported
5905 =item Lvalue subroutines
5907 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5909 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5911 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5913 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5915 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5917 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5919 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5921 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5923 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5925 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5927 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5929 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5931 =item Improved diagnostics
5933 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5935 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5937 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5939 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5941 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5943 =item Improved security features
5945 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5947 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5949 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5951 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5953 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5955 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5957 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5961 =item Modules and Pragmata
5967 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5968 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5969 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5970 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5971 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5972 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5973 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5974 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5980 =item Utility Changes
5994 =item The Perl Debugger
5998 =item Improved Documentation
6000 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6001 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6002 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6003 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6005 =item Performance enhancements
6009 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6011 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6013 =item Faster subroutine calls
6015 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6019 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6023 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6025 =item New Configure flags
6027 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6033 =item -Duselargefiles
6035 =item installusrbinperl
6041 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6043 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6047 =item Platform specific changes
6051 =item Supported platforms
6055 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6063 =item Significant bug fixes
6067 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6069 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6071 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6073 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6075 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6077 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6079 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6081 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6083 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6085 =item Locale bugs fixed
6089 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6091 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6093 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6095 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6099 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6101 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6102 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6103 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6104 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6105 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6106 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6107 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6108 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6109 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6110 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6111 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6112 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6113 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6114 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6115 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6116 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6117 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6118 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6119 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6120 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6121 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6122 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6123 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6124 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6125 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6126 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6127 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6128 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6129 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6130 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6131 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6132 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6133 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6134 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6135 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6136 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6137 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6138 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6139 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6140 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6141 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6142 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6143 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6144 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6145 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6146 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6147 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6148 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6149 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6150 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6154 =item Incompatible Changes
6158 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6160 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6161 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6162 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6163 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6164 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6165 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6166 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6167 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6168 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6169 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6170 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6172 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6174 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6176 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6178 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6180 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6184 =item Known Problems
6188 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6190 =item Known test failures
6192 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6194 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6196 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6198 =item Experimental features
6200 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6201 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6202 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6206 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6208 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6209 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6210 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6211 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6213 =item Reporting Bugs
6221 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6227 =item Core Enhancements
6231 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6233 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6235 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6237 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6239 =item "our" declarations
6241 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6243 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6245 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6247 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6249 =item open() with more than two arguments
6251 =item 64-bit support
6253 =item Large file support
6259 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6261 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6263 =item File globbing implemented internally
6265 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6267 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6269 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6271 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6273 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6275 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6277 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6279 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6281 =item Comments in pack() templates
6283 =item Weak references
6285 =item Binary numbers supported
6287 =item Lvalue subroutines
6289 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6291 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6293 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6295 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6297 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6299 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6301 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6303 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6305 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6307 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6309 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6311 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6313 =item Improved diagnostics
6315 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6317 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6319 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6321 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6323 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6325 =item Improved security features
6327 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6329 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6331 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6333 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6335 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6337 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6339 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6343 =item Modules and Pragmata
6349 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6350 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6351 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6352 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6353 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6354 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6355 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6356 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6362 =item Utility Changes
6376 =item The Perl Debugger
6380 =item Improved Documentation
6382 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6383 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6384 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6385 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6387 =item Performance enhancements
6391 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6393 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6395 =item Faster subroutine calls
6397 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6401 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6405 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6407 =item New Configure flags
6409 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6415 =item -Duselargefiles
6417 =item installusrbinperl
6423 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6427 =item Platform specific changes
6431 =item Supported platforms
6435 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6443 =item Significant bug fixes
6447 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6449 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6451 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6453 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6455 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6457 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6459 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6461 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6463 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6465 =item Locale bugs fixed
6469 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6471 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6473 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6475 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6479 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6481 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6482 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6483 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6484 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6485 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6486 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6487 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6488 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6489 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6490 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6491 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6492 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6493 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6494 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6495 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6496 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6497 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6498 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6499 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6500 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6501 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6502 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6503 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6504 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6505 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6506 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6507 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6508 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6509 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6510 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6511 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6512 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6513 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6514 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6515 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6516 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6517 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6518 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6519 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6520 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6521 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6522 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6523 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6524 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6525 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6526 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6527 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6528 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6529 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6530 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6534 =item Incompatible Changes
6538 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6540 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6541 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6542 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6543 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6544 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6545 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6546 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6547 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6548 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6549 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6550 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6552 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6554 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6556 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6558 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6560 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6564 =item Known Problems
6568 =item Thread test failures
6570 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6572 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6574 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6576 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6579 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6581 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6583 =item Experimental features
6585 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6586 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6587 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6591 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6593 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6594 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6595 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6596 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6598 =item Reporting Bugs
6606 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6612 =item About the new versioning system
6614 =item Incompatible Changes
6618 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6620 =item Default installation structure has changed
6622 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6624 =item C Source Compatibility
6626 =item Binary Compatibility
6628 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6630 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6644 =item Regular Expressions
6646 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6647 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6648 improvements, Incompatible changes
6650 =item Improved malloc()
6652 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6654 =item Reliable signals
6656 =item Reliable stack pointers
6658 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6662 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6664 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6666 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6668 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6670 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6672 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6674 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6676 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6678 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6680 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6682 =item Better locale support
6684 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6686 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6688 =item Extended support for exception handling
6690 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6692 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6694 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6696 =item New C<lock> keyword
6698 =item New C<qr//> operator
6700 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6702 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6704 =item Tied handles support is better
6706 =item 4th argument to substr
6708 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6710 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6712 =item <> now reads in records
6716 =item Supported Platforms
6722 =item Changes in existing support
6726 =item Modules and Pragmata
6732 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6733 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6734 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6736 =item Changes in existing modules
6738 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6739 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6743 =item Utility Changes
6745 =item Documentation Changes
6747 =item New Diagnostics
6749 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6750 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6751 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6752 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6753 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6754 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6755 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6756 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6757 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6758 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6759 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6760 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6761 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6762 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6763 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6764 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6765 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6767 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6769 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6770 temporary file, regexp too big
6772 =item Configuration Changes
6782 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
6788 =item Supported Environments
6794 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6796 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6798 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6800 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6802 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6804 =item More precise warnings
6806 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6808 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6810 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6812 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6814 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6816 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6818 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6820 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6822 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6824 =item Changes to tainting checks
6826 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6827 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6829 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6831 =item Embedding improvements
6833 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6835 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6837 =item New and changed syntax
6841 =item New and changed builtin constants
6845 =item New and changed builtin variables
6849 =item New and changed builtin functions
6851 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6852 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6853 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6854 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6855 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6857 =item New builtin methods
6859 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6861 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6863 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6864 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6866 =item Malloc enhancements
6868 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6870 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6874 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6890 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6891 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6897 =item Required Updates
6899 =item Installation directories
6901 =item Module information summary
6915 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6919 =item Utility Changes
6925 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6929 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6933 =item C Language API Changes
6935 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6938 =item Documentation Changes
6940 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6941 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6943 =item New Diagnostics
6945 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6946 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6947 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6948 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6949 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6950 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6951 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6952 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6953 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6954 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6955 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6956 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6957 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6958 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6959 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6960 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6961 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6962 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6963 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6964 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6965 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6966 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6967 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6968 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6969 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6979 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6987 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6991 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6993 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
6995 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
6997 =item Using Large Files with Perl
7003 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
7013 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
7023 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7039 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7041 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7043 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7045 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7051 =item Accessing documentation
7055 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7057 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7059 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7061 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7065 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7069 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7071 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7073 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7075 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7077 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7081 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
7089 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7097 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7099 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7103 =item Contact Information
7105 =item Update 2002-05-30
7111 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7121 =item gzip on BS2000
7123 =item bison on BS2000
7125 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7127 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7129 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7131 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7133 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7135 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7137 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7171 =item Acknowledgements
7177 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7183 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7187 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7189 =item Cygwin Configuration
7191 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7195 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7199 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7201 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7203 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7204 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
7206 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7208 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7209 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7212 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7214 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7218 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7222 =item Warnings on Cygwin
7228 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7232 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7234 =item NDBM_File does not work on FAT filesystems
7236 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7238 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
7242 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7244 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7246 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7247 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7249 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7257 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7269 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7273 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7275 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7277 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7279 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7289 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7299 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7303 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7305 =item Building Perl on DOS
7307 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7309 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7313 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7317 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7319 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7321 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7323 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7333 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7341 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7343 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7347 =item Editors on Epoc
7349 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7351 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7353 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7357 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7365 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
7373 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
7375 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
7377 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
7385 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7394 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7396 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7408 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7410 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7412 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7414 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7416 =item The GNU C Compiler
7418 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7420 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7422 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7424 =item Oracle on HP-UX
7426 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7428 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7430 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7432 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7436 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7444 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7452 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7460 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
7468 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
7470 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
7472 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
7474 =item Linker Problems in Irix
7476 =item Malloc in Irix
7478 =item Building with threads in Irix
7486 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7495 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7497 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7499 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7501 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7511 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7525 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7531 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7537 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7545 =item Binary distribution from HP
7547 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7549 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7551 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7553 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7555 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7557 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7558 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7560 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7564 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7566 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7568 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7570 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7572 =item Perl/iX Change History
7588 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
7600 =item Build new extensions
7602 =item Acknowledgements
7610 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7630 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7632 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7634 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7638 =item Frequently asked questions
7642 =item "It does not work"
7644 =item I cannot run external programs
7646 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7649 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7652 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7654 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7662 =item Automatic binary installation
7664 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7666 =item Manual binary installation
7668 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7669 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7670 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7671 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7672 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7678 =item Accessing documentation
7682 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7690 =item GNU C<info> files
7702 =item The short story
7706 =item Getting perl source
7708 =item Application of the patches
7716 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7719 =item Installing the built perl
7721 =item C<a.out>-style build
7729 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7731 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7733 =item Problems with tr or sed
7735 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7737 =item Library ... not found
7739 =item Segfault in make
7741 =item op/sprintf test failure
7745 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7749 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7753 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7755 =item Additional modules:
7757 =item Prebuilt methods:
7759 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7760 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7761 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7762 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7763 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7764 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7765 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7766 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7767 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7768 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7769 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
7770 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
7772 =item Prebuilt variables:
7774 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
7781 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7784 =item Identifying DLLs
7786 =item Centralized management of resources
7788 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
7789 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
7790 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
7791 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
7805 =item F<perl___.exe>
7807 =item Why strange names?
7809 =item Why dynamic linking?
7811 =item Why chimera build?
7819 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7821 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7823 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7825 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7827 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7829 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7837 =item Text-mode filehandles
7841 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7843 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7845 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7848 =item DLL forwarder generation
7852 =item Calls to external programs
7854 =item Memory allocation
7858 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7874 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7887 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7889 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7891 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7893 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7895 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7897 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7899 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7901 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7903 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7905 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7915 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7923 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7931 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7933 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7935 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7937 =item QNX auxiliary files
7941 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7949 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7959 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7961 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7963 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7965 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7969 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7973 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7985 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
7993 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
7999 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
8005 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
8007 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
8009 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
8013 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
8017 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
8019 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
8021 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
8025 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
8027 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
8028 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
8029 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
8035 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
8037 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8041 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
8043 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
8047 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
8051 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
8053 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
8057 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
8059 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
8061 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
8071 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
8072 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
8080 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
8082 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
8084 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
8086 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
8088 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
8090 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
8094 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
8096 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
8098 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
8104 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
8112 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
8114 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
8120 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
8130 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
8132 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8134 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
8136 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
8138 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
8148 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
8154 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
8162 =item Organization of Perl Images
8168 =item Perl Extensions
8170 =item Installing static extensions
8172 =item Installing dynamic extensions
8176 =item File specifications
8182 =item Wildcard expansion
8188 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8194 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8196 =item Command line switches
8202 =item Perl functions
8204 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
8205 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
8206 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
8207 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
8209 =item Perl variables
8211 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
8213 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
8227 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
8235 =item Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
8237 =item Stratus POSIX Support
8241 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
8245 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
8247 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
8251 =item USING PERL IN VOS
8255 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
8257 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
8259 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
8265 =item SUPPORT STATUS
8273 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
8283 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
8285 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
8286 SDK 64-bit Compiler, Mingw32 with GCC
8290 =item Testing Perl on Win32
8292 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
8294 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
8296 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
8297 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
8298 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
8300 =item Running Perl Scripts
8302 Miscellaneous Things
8306 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
8310 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
8311 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
8312 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8320 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8322 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8334 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8344 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8345 data structures between threads
8357 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
8358 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8370 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8379 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8380 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
8381 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
8385 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8391 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
8392 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
8394 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8400 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8410 =item Built-in Attributes
8412 locked, method, lvalue
8414 =item Available Subroutines
8418 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8420 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8422 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8430 =item Default exports
8432 =item Available exports
8434 =item Export tags defined
8444 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8456 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8472 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8486 =head2 bigint - Transparent big integer support for Perl
8498 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8502 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8522 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
8534 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8538 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8558 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
8580 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
8581 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
8582 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
8583 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
8584 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
8594 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8608 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8621 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8630 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8632 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8634 =item charnames::vianame(name)
8638 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
8644 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8656 =item List constants
8658 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8660 =item Magic constants
8664 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8674 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8685 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8687 =item The I<splain> Program
8701 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
8711 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
8712 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
8720 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
8724 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
8726 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
8728 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
8730 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8736 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8750 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8760 =item subpragma access
8766 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
8780 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8791 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8801 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8811 =item Adding directories to @INC
8813 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8815 =item Restoring original @INC
8829 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8840 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
8848 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8850 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8856 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8868 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8878 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8880 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8882 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8884 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8886 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8888 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8890 =item Overloadable Operations
8892 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8893 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8894 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8896 =item Inheritance and overloading
8898 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8899 is inherited by derived classes
8903 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8911 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8913 =item Copy Constructor
8919 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8921 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8922 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8923 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8926 =item Losing overloading
8928 =item Run-time Overloading
8930 =item Public functions
8932 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8934 =item Overloading constants
8936 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8938 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8940 =item Metaphor clash
8946 =item Two-face scalars
8948 =item Two-face references
8950 =item Symbolic calculator
8952 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8960 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8961 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8967 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8977 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8989 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8991 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8995 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8999 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
9007 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
9019 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
9027 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
9031 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
9041 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9050 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9051 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
9052 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
9056 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9062 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
9063 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
9065 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9071 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
9072 structures between threads
9084 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
9085 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9097 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
9108 =item Utility functions
9110 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]),
9111 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
9122 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
9132 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
9140 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
9144 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
9152 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
9153 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
9154 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
9155 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
9156 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
9160 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
9170 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
9172 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
9182 =item DBM Comparisons
9192 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
9202 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
9206 =item Typed lexicals
9208 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
9210 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
9212 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
9214 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
9222 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
9223 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
9224 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
9225 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
9226 be able to apply END handler>
9236 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
9246 =item Subroutine Stubs
9248 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9250 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9252 =item Package Lexicals
9254 =item Not Using AutoLoader
9256 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
9266 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
9274 $keep, $check, $modtime
9278 =item Multiple packages
9286 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
9294 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
9298 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
9306 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
9320 =item B::PVMG METHODS
9324 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
9326 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
9328 =item B::PVLV METHODS
9330 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
9334 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
9338 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
9339 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
9343 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
9344 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
9348 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
9352 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
9357 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
9359 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
9363 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
9365 =item B::UNOP METHOD
9369 =item B::BINOP METHOD
9373 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
9377 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
9381 =item B::PMOP METHODS
9383 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
9384 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
9386 =item B::SVOP METHOD
9390 =item B::PADOP METHOD
9394 =item B::PVOP METHOD
9398 =item B::LOOP METHODS
9400 redoop, nextop, lastop
9402 =item B::COP METHODS
9404 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
9408 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
9410 main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
9411 regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP,
9412 METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE,
9413 PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c,
9414 cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
9420 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
9429 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
9435 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9447 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9467 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9477 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9478 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9479 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9489 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9499 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9500 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9501 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9512 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9522 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9523 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9524 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
9536 =item Context of ".."
9540 =item Deprecated features
9548 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
9560 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
9561 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
9562 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
9564 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
9566 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
9567 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
9568 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
9569 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
9570 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
9571 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
9572 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
9573 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
9579 =item OP flags abbreviations
9581 =item OP class abbreviations
9585 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
9591 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
9603 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
9613 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
9614 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
9616 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
9626 =item ambient_pragmas
9628 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
9640 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
9652 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
9660 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
9662 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
9663 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
9665 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9675 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9685 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9693 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9705 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9717 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9719 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9731 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9741 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
9749 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9769 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9783 =item Standard Exports
9785 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9786 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9787 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9789 =item Optional Exports
9791 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9792 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9793 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9809 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9813 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9827 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9837 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9838 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9839 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9849 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9861 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9863 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9865 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9867 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9869 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9871 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9873 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9875 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9877 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9879 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9881 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9883 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9885 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9887 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9889 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9891 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9893 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9895 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9896 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9900 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9901 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9904 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9906 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9907 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9912 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9916 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9918 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9920 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9922 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9924 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9926 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9928 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9930 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9931 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9933 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9937 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9941 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9943 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9945 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9947 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9949 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9951 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9952 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9954 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9958 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9962 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9964 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9966 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9968 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9972 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9974 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9976 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9980 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9982 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
9986 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
9990 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
9994 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
9998 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
10002 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
10004 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
10006 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
10010 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
10014 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
10020 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
10021 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
10023 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
10025 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
10026 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
10029 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
10035 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
10039 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
10041 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
10042 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
10043 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
10044 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
10045 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
10047 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
10049 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
10054 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
10056 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
10058 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
10059 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
10061 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
10063 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10067 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
10068 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
10069 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
10070 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
10071 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
10072 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
10073 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
10074 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
10075 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
10076 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
10077 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
10078 ...and many many more..
10080 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
10088 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
10098 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10106 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
10115 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
10117 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
10121 =item Changing the default message
10125 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
10135 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
10143 =item USING CGI::Cookie
10145 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
10149 =item Creating New Cookies
10151 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
10153 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
10155 =item Manipulating Cookies
10157 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
10161 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10169 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
10177 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
10179 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
10181 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
10183 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
10185 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
10187 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
10191 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10199 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
10209 =item Tags that won't be formatted
10211 =item Customizing the Indenting
10223 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
10231 =item USING CGI::Push
10233 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
10237 =item Heterogeneous Pages
10239 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
10243 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
10245 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10253 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
10263 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10271 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
10279 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10285 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
10295 =item Interactive Mode
10297 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
10298 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
10299 distribution, ls author, Signals
10307 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
10309 =item Programmer's interface
10311 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
10313 =item Methods in the other Classes
10315 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
10316 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
10317 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
10318 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
10319 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
10320 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
10321 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
10322 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
10323 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
10324 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
10325 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
10326 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
10327 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
10328 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
10329 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
10330 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
10331 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
10332 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
10333 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
10334 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
10335 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
10336 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
10337 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
10338 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
10339 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
10340 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
10342 =item Cache Manager
10346 =item Prerequisites
10348 =item Finding packages and VERSION
10352 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
10356 =item CONFIGURATION
10358 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
10359 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
10360 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
10361 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
10365 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
10367 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
10375 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
10377 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
10381 =item Three basic types of firewalls
10383 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
10385 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
10391 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
10403 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
10413 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
10426 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
10436 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10444 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10446 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10456 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10457 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10458 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10460 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10468 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10478 =item The C<struct()> function
10480 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10482 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10484 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10485 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10487 =item Initializing with C<new>
10493 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10495 =item Author and Modification History
10499 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10507 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
10519 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
10523 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
10524 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
10525 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
10526 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
10530 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
10534 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
10535 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
10536 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
10537 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
10538 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
10539 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
10540 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
10544 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
10545 C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>,
10546 C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
10547 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
10548 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
10549 C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>,
10550 C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>,
10551 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
10552 C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
10553 C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>,
10554 C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>,
10555 C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>,
10556 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>,
10557 C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
10558 C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
10559 C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>,
10560 C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
10561 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
10562 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
10563 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>,
10564 C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
10565 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>,
10566 C<d_gethostent_r>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>,
10567 C<d_getlogin_r>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
10568 C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>,
10569 C<d_getnetent_r>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
10570 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
10571 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>,
10572 C<d_getprotobynumber_r>, C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>,
10573 C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>,
10574 C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
10575 C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>, C<d_getservent_r>,
10576 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>, C<d_gettimeod>,
10577 C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
10578 C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>,
10579 C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>,
10580 C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
10581 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
10582 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
10583 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
10584 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
10585 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
10586 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
10587 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
10588 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
10589 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
10590 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
10591 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
10592 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
10593 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
10594 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>,
10595 C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
10596 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
10597 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
10598 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
10599 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
10600 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
10601 C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>,
10602 C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>,
10603 C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>,
10604 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>,
10605 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>,
10606 C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>,
10607 C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>,
10608 C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
10609 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>,
10610 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
10611 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
10612 C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>,
10613 C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
10614 C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
10615 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
10616 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
10617 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
10618 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
10619 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
10620 C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
10621 C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
10622 C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
10623 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
10624 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
10625 C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
10626 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
10627 C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
10628 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
10629 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
10630 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
10631 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
10632 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
10633 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
10637 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
10638 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
10639 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
10640 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
10644 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
10645 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
10650 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>, C<getgrgid_r_proto>,
10651 C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>, C<gethostbyname_r_proto>,
10652 C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>, C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>,
10653 C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>, C<getprotobyname_r_proto>,
10654 C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>, C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>,
10655 C<getpwnam_r_proto>, C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>,
10656 C<getservbyport_r_proto>, C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>,
10657 C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>,
10658 C<gmtime_r_proto>, C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>,
10663 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
10667 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
10668 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
10669 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
10670 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
10671 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
10672 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
10673 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
10674 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
10675 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
10676 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
10677 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
10678 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
10679 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
10680 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
10681 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
10682 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
10683 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
10684 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
10685 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
10686 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
10687 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
10688 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
10689 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
10690 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
10694 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
10698 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
10699 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
10700 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
10701 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
10702 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
10703 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
10708 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10709 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10710 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10714 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10715 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10719 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10720 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10721 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
10722 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
10723 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10727 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10728 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10732 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10733 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10737 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10738 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10739 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10740 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10744 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10748 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
10749 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
10750 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10754 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10755 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
10756 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
10757 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
10758 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
10759 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
10760 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
10761 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10762 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10763 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10764 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10765 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10766 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>,
10767 C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
10768 C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
10769 C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
10770 C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10774 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10775 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
10780 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10781 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10782 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10783 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10784 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10785 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10786 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10787 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10788 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10792 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10793 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10794 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10795 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10799 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10803 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10815 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10825 =item getcwd and friends
10827 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10829 =item abs_path and friends
10831 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10843 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10855 =item Global Variables
10857 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10858 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10863 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10864 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10866 =item Client Callback Methods
10868 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10869 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10870 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10880 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10888 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10892 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10894 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10896 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10898 =item Default Parameters
10900 =item In Memory Databases
10908 =item A Simple Example
10916 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10918 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10920 =item The get_dup() Method
10922 =item The find_dup() Method
10924 =item The del_dup() Method
10926 =item Matching Partial Keys
10934 =item The 'bval' Option
10936 =item A Simple Example
10938 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10940 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10941 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10942 length, elements);>
10944 =item Another Example
10948 =item THE API INTERFACE
10950 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10951 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10952 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10953 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10957 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10958 B<filter_fetch_value>
10964 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10966 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10970 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10974 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10976 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10978 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
10980 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
10982 =item The untie() Gotcha
10986 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
10990 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
10992 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
10994 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
10996 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
11016 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
11017 printing and C<eval>
11029 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
11030 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
11031 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
11038 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
11040 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11041 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11042 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11043 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11044 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11045 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11046 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11047 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11048 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11049 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11050 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11051 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11052 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11053 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11054 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
11074 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
11082 =item PROFILE FORMAT
11094 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
11116 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
11126 =item Runtime debugging
11128 =item Memory footprint debugging
11136 =item A simple scalar string
11138 =item A simple scalar number
11140 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
11142 =item A reference to a simple scalar
11144 =item A reference to an array
11146 =item A reference to a hash
11148 =item Dumping a large array or hash
11150 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
11152 =item A reference to a subroutine
11166 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
11176 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
11184 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
11188 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
11189 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
11190 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
11198 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
11208 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
11212 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
11213 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
11225 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
11237 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
11249 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
11250 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
11251 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
11256 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
11257 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
11263 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
11271 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
11272 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
11273 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
11274 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
11281 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
11294 =head2 Encode - character encodings
11302 =item Table of Contents
11314 =item PERL ENCODING API
11316 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
11317 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
11318 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
11323 =item Listing available encodings
11325 =item Defining Aliases
11329 =item Encoding via PerlIO
11331 =item Handling Malformed Data
11333 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
11334 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
11335 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
11336 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
11341 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
11345 =item Defining Encodings
11347 =item The UTF-8 flag
11349 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
11353 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
11355 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
11365 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
11373 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11378 =item Alias overloading
11386 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
11400 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11402 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
11418 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
11420 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
11422 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
11436 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
11446 =item Methods you should implement
11448 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11450 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11452 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11454 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11458 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11462 =item Compiled Encodings
11468 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11472 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
11482 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11483 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11484 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11494 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
11504 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
11512 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11514 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
11516 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
11530 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
11532 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
11548 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
11554 =item How does it work?
11562 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11570 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
11578 =item Encoding Names
11582 =item Supported Encodings
11586 =item Built-in Encodings
11588 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11590 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11592 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11593 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11595 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11597 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11598 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11599 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11601 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11603 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11607 =item Unsupported encodings
11609 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11610 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11611 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11612 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11614 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11616 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11620 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11622 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11628 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11629 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11636 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11637 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11641 =item Other Notable Sites
11643 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11644 "Introduction to i18n"
11646 =item Offline sources
11648 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11654 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
11668 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
11684 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
11692 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
11694 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
11700 =item by endianness
11702 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
11706 =item Surrogate Pairs
11712 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
11721 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11726 =item Alias overloading
11734 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
11735 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11737 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
11740 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
11743 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
11744 Implementation Base Class
11754 =item Methods you should implement
11756 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11758 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11760 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11762 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11766 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11770 =item Compiled Encodings
11776 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11780 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
11791 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11792 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11793 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11803 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
11804 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11806 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
11809 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
11812 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
11813 and 'Q' header encoding
11829 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
11830 on Encode and PerlIO
11836 =item How does it work?
11844 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11852 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
11853 supported by Encode
11861 =item Encoding Names
11865 =item Supported Encodings
11869 =item Built-in Encodings
11871 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11873 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11875 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11876 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11878 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11880 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11881 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11882 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11884 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11886 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11890 =item Unsupported encodings
11892 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11893 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11894 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11895 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11897 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11899 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11903 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11905 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11911 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11912 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11919 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11920 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11924 =item Other Notable Sites
11926 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11927 "Introduction to i18n"
11929 =item Offline sources
11931 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11937 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11943 use Encode::Encoder;
11944 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11945 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11947 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11948 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11949 # you can stack them!
11950 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11951 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11952 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
11954 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
11956 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
11964 =item Predefined Methods
11966 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
11967 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
11968 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
11970 =item Example: base64 transcoder
11972 =item Operator Overloading
11980 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
11981 non-ascii or non-utf8
11991 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
11992 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
12000 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
12004 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
12006 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
12008 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
12010 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
12016 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12022 use Encode::Encoder;
12023 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
12024 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
12026 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
12027 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
12028 # you can stack them!
12029 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
12030 # you can use it as a decoder as well
12031 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
12033 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
12035 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
12043 =item Predefined Methods
12045 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12046 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12047 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12049 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12051 =item Operator Overloading
12059 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
12072 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
12087 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
12103 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
12113 =item How to Export
12115 =item Selecting What To Export
12117 =item How to Import
12119 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
12123 =item Advanced features
12127 =item Specialised Import Lists
12129 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
12131 =item Module Version Checking
12133 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
12135 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
12137 =item Generating combined tags
12139 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
12145 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
12155 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
12176 mv source... destination
12178 cp source... destination
12196 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
12208 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
12218 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
12226 perl_stringify NAME
12230 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
12232 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
12236 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
12244 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
12247 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12249 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
12251 WriteMakefileSnippet
12253 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
12254 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12262 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
12274 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
12275 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
12285 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
12295 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
12307 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
12308 packlist(), version()
12316 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
12324 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
12325 dynamic extensions at load time
12331 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
12341 =item VMS implementation
12343 =item Win32 implementation
12351 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
12361 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
12369 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
12373 =item File::Spec wrappers B<DEPRECATED>
12387 file_name_is_absolute
12397 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
12411 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12412 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12424 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12425 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12433 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
12437 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12447 =item Overridden methods
12449 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12463 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12464 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12506 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12507 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12523 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12524 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12538 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12548 =item Overridden methods
12550 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12564 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12578 =item SelfLoaded methods
12630 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
12678 maybe_command_in_dirs
12702 post_initialize (o)
12716 replace_manpage_separator
12730 test_via_harness (override)
12732 test_via_script (override)
12762 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12763 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12773 =item Methods always loaded
12785 guess_name (override)
12789 find_perl (override)
12791 maybe_command (override)
12793 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
12795 perl_script (override)
12797 replace_manpage_separator
12799 init_main (override)
12801 init_others (override)
12803 constants (override)
12807 const_cccmd (override)
12809 pm_to_blib (override)
12811 tool_autosplit (override)
12813 tool_sxubpp (override)
12815 xsubpp_version (override)
12817 tools_other (override)
12827 top_targets (override)
12831 dynamic_lib (override)
12833 dynamic_bs (override)
12835 static_lib (override)
12837 manifypods (override)
12839 processPL (override)
12841 installbin (override)
12843 subdir_x (override)
12847 realclean (override)
12849 dist_core (override)
12851 dist_test (override)
12855 perldepend (override)
12857 makefile (override)
12859 find_tests (override)
12863 makeaperl (override)
12865 nicetext (override)
12867 prefixify (override)
12869 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12870 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12892 tool_autosplit (override)
12908 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
12918 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
12928 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
12938 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
12940 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
12948 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
12952 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
12954 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
12956 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
12958 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
12960 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
12961 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
12962 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST,
12963 FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
12964 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT,
12965 INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR,
12966 INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB,
12967 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
12968 INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB,
12969 LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS,
12970 MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT,
12971 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
12972 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
12973 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
12974 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
12975 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION,
12976 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
12978 =item Additional lowercase attributes
12980 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
12983 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
12985 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
12987 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
12989 =item Hintsfile support
12991 =item Distribution Support
12993 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
12994 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
12995 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
12997 =item Disabling an extension
13003 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
13011 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
13019 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
13023 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
13027 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
13028 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
13032 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
13040 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
13052 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
13062 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
13071 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
13079 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
13091 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
13099 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
13109 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
13121 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
13131 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
13135 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
13143 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
13147 C<basename>, C<dirname>
13151 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
13165 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
13179 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
13189 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
13191 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
13203 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
13213 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
13225 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
13233 B<find>, B<finddepth>
13239 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
13240 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
13241 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
13243 =item The wanted function
13245 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
13246 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
13247 pathname to the file
13255 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
13263 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
13271 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
13272 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
13273 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
13277 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
13285 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
13297 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
13307 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
13308 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
13309 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
13317 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
13327 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
13345 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
13363 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
13391 file_name_is_absolute
13421 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
13431 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
13464 file_name_is_absolute
13486 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
13502 =item Methods always loaded
13504 canonpath (override)
13522 case_tolerant (override)
13526 file_name_is_absolute (override)
13528 splitpath (override)
13530 splitdir (override)
13544 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
13570 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
13580 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
13604 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
13618 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
13628 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
13636 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
13644 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
13646 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
13658 =item Temporary files and NFS
13670 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
13684 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
13692 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
13700 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
13708 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
13714 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
13728 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
13730 =item All-in-one interface
13732 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
13734 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
13737 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
13739 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
13740 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
13741 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
13743 described in the previous section.
13745 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
13747 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
13759 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
13769 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
13773 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
13775 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
13783 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
13785 =item Example 2: Using the context
13787 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
13789 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
13793 =item Filter::Simple
13801 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
13809 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
13821 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
13837 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
13845 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
13847 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
13851 =item Simple options
13853 =item A little bit less simple options
13855 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
13857 =item Options with values
13859 =item Options with multiple values
13861 =item Options with hash values
13863 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
13865 =item Options with multiple names
13867 =item Case and abbreviations
13869 =item Summary of Option Specifications
13871 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
13876 =item Advanced Possibilities
13880 =item Object oriented interface
13882 =item Thread Safety
13884 =item Documentation and help texts
13886 =item Storing options in a hash
13890 =item The lonesome dash
13892 =item Argument callback
13896 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
13898 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
13899 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
13900 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
13901 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
13902 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
13904 =item Return values and Errors
13910 =item Default destinations
13912 =item Alternative option starters
13914 =item Configuration variables
13918 =item Trouble Shooting
13922 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
13924 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
13927 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
13929 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
13935 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13939 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
13950 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
13960 =item Restricted hashes
13962 lock_keys, unlock_keys
13968 lock_value, unlock_value
13970 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
13980 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
13991 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
14002 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
14004 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
14006 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14008 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14010 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
14012 the function super_languages($lang1)
14014 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
14016 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
14018 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
14020 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
14024 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
14026 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
14036 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
14044 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
14046 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
14048 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
14049 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
14050 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
14051 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
14052 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
14053 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
14054 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
14055 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
14056 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
14057 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
14058 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
14059 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
14060 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
14061 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
14062 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
14063 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
14064 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
14065 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
14066 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
14067 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
14068 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
14069 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
14070 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
14071 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
14072 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
14073 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
14074 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
14075 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
14076 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
14077 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
14078 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
14079 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
14080 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
14081 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
14082 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
14083 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
14084 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
14085 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
14086 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
14087 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
14088 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
14089 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
14090 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
14091 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
14092 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
14093 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
14094 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
14095 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
14096 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
14097 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
14098 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
14099 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
14100 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
14101 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
14102 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
14103 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
14104 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
14105 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
14106 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
14107 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
14108 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
14109 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
14110 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
14111 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
14112 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
14113 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
14114 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
14115 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
14116 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
14117 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
14118 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
14119 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
14120 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
14121 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
14122 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
14123 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
14124 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
14125 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
14126 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
14127 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
14128 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
14129 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
14130 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
14131 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
14132 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
14133 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
14134 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
14135 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
14136 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
14137 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
14138 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
14139 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
14140 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
14141 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
14142 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
14143 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
14144 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
14145 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
14146 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
14147 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
14148 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
14149 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
14150 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
14151 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
14152 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
14153 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
14154 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
14155 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
14156 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
14157 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
14158 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
14159 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
14160 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
14161 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
14162 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
14163 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
14164 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
14165 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
14166 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
14170 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14176 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
14194 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14198 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
14208 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
14216 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14217 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14227 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14237 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14241 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14249 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
14259 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14263 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14264 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14265 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14266 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14278 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14288 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14292 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14302 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14312 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14313 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14323 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
14331 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14332 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14341 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
14351 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14355 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14356 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14357 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14367 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
14381 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14382 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14392 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
14408 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14421 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
14435 hostpath(), peerpath()
14445 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
14454 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14455 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14465 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14475 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14479 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14487 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
14498 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14502 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14503 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14504 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14505 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14517 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14527 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14531 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14541 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14551 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14552 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14562 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
14571 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14572 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14581 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
14592 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14596 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14597 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14598 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14608 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
14623 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14624 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14634 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
14635 AF_INET domain sockets
14651 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14664 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
14665 AF_UNIX domain sockets
14679 hostpath(), peerpath()
14689 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14699 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14700 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14711 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
14725 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
14738 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
14748 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14749 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14750 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14761 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
14779 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14789 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14790 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14801 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
14812 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14813 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14814 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14825 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
14833 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14834 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14838 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14844 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
14845 general-utility list subroutines
14853 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14854 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14858 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14864 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
14865 general-utility scalar subroutines
14873 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
14874 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14884 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
14892 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14896 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
14904 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
14912 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
14914 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14916 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
14917 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
14919 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14921 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
14923 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
14929 =item rename_country
14937 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14941 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
14942 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
14943 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
14944 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
14952 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
14953 identification (ISO 4217)
14963 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14965 code2currency(), currency2code()
14967 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14969 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
14973 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14977 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
14978 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
14986 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
14995 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14997 code2language(), language2code()
14999 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15001 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
15005 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15009 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
15010 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
15018 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
15026 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15032 =item Construction Methods
15034 =item The "maketext" Method
15036 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
15038 =item Utility Methods
15040 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
15041 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
15042 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
15043 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
15045 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
15049 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
15051 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
15053 =item BRACKET NOTATION
15055 =item AUTO LEXICONS
15057 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
15059 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
15063 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15069 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
15077 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
15081 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
15083 =item The Linguistic View
15085 =item Breaking gettext
15087 =item Replacing gettext
15089 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
15091 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
15093 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
15095 =item Buzzword: Concision
15097 =item The Devil in the Details
15099 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
15107 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
15115 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
15119 =item SPECIAL CODES
15123 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15125 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
15126 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
15128 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15130 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
15134 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15138 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
15139 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
15147 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
15155 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
15159 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
15167 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
15168 of quoted-printable strings
15176 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15182 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
15191 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15197 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
15207 =item Canonical notation
15211 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
15213 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
15217 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
15218 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
15226 =item Autocreating constants
15232 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
15240 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
15248 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
15256 Canonical notation, Input, Output
15278 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
15280 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
15282 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
15283 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
15285 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
15371 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
15381 =item Rounding mode R
15383 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
15384 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
15385 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
15398 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
15406 =item Autocreating constants
15412 =item Alternative math libraries
15418 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
15426 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
15432 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
15436 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
15437 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
15438 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
15448 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
15458 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
15462 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
15464 the same terms as Perl itself.
15472 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals
15494 =item denominator()
15496 $d = $x->denominator();
15506 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
15520 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
15533 =item STRINGIFICATION
15537 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
15543 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
15545 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
15553 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
15561 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
15567 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
15569 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
15573 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15575 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
15579 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
15581 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15583 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
15584 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
15588 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
15594 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
15604 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
15622 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
15624 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
15628 =item OTHER FACILITIES
15634 =item C<flush_cache>
15640 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
15642 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
15650 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15656 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
15665 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
15676 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
15688 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15696 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15704 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
15713 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
15722 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
15730 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
15738 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15744 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15748 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15752 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
15762 =item Enforcing redispatch
15764 =item Avoiding repetitions
15770 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15776 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
15786 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
15789 =item CLASS METHODS
15791 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
15792 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
15793 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
15803 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
15813 requires_firewall HOST
15815 =item NetConfig VALUES
15817 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
15818 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
15819 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
15823 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
15832 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
15840 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
15852 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
15856 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
15857 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
15858 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
15859 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
15860 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
15861 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
15862 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
15863 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
15864 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
15865 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
15866 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
15867 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
15868 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
15872 =item Methods for the adventurous
15878 =item THE dataconn CLASS
15880 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
15881 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
15883 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
15885 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
15887 =item REPORTING BUGS
15895 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
15903 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
15913 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
15917 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
15918 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
15919 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
15920 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
15921 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
15922 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
15923 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
15927 =item Extension methods
15929 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
15930 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
15931 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
15932 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
15941 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
15951 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
15963 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
15967 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
15968 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
15969 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
15970 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
15982 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
15994 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->source_verify( {
15995 0 | 1 } );, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->ping($host
15996 [, $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [,
16011 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
16023 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
16027 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
16028 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
16029 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
16030 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
16031 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
16032 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
16045 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
16053 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
16054 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
16062 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
16079 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
16087 =item Where to get this document
16089 =item How to contribute to this document
16093 =item Author and Copyright Information
16101 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
16105 =item What is libnet ?
16107 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
16109 =item What other modules do I need ?
16111 =item What machines support libnet ?
16113 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
16117 =item Using Net::FTP
16121 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
16123 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
16125 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
16127 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
16130 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
16132 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
16134 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
16136 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
16138 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
16140 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
16143 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
16145 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
16148 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
16151 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
16155 =item Using Net::SMTP
16159 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
16162 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
16164 =item The verify method always returns true ?
16168 =item Debugging scripts
16172 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
16176 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
16180 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
16197 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
16212 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
16229 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
16237 =item THE .netrc FILE
16239 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
16244 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
16248 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
16258 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
16268 =item IMPLEMENTATION
16276 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
16284 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16290 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16294 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16298 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
16310 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
16312 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
16313 or optag, an operator set (opset)
16315 =item Opcode Functions
16317 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
16318 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
16319 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
16322 =item Manipulating Opsets
16324 =item TO DO (maybe)
16330 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
16332 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
16333 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
16334 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
16343 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
16352 a new namespace, an operator mask
16358 =item RECENT CHANGES
16360 =item Methods in class Safe
16362 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16363 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16364 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16365 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16367 =item Some Safety Issues
16369 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16377 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
16390 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
16404 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
16405 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
16406 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
16407 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
16408 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
16409 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
16410 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
16411 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
16412 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
16413 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
16414 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
16415 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
16416 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
16417 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
16418 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
16419 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
16420 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
16421 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
16422 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
16423 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
16424 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
16425 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
16426 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
16427 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
16428 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
16435 =item POSIX::SigAction
16439 =item POSIX::SigSet
16441 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
16443 =item POSIX::Termios
16445 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
16446 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
16447 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
16448 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
16449 values, c_oflag field values
16453 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
16457 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
16461 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
16515 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
16516 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
16520 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
16529 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw, pop
16533 =item Alternatives to raw
16535 =item Defaults and how to override them
16545 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
16557 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
16567 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
16575 =item EXPECTED METHODS
16577 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
16578 $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]),
16579 $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]), $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]),
16580 $obj->FILENO($fh), $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh),
16581 $obj->FILL($fh), $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh),
16582 $obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh),
16583 $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh),
16590 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
16596 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
16610 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
16616 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
16622 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
16634 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
16635 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
16636 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
16637 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
16638 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
16639 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
16640 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
16641 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
16646 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
16647 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
16648 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
16649 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
16650 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
16651 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
16655 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
16656 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
16668 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
16670 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
16673 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
16675 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
16677 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
16679 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
16681 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
16689 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
16701 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
16703 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
16710 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
16716 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
16718 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
16725 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
16737 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
16747 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
16748 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
16763 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
16776 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
16777 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
16783 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
16807 =item B<was_cutting()>
16813 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
16819 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
16825 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16831 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
16837 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16843 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
16849 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
16855 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16861 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16867 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
16873 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
16879 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16885 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16891 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
16897 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
16903 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16909 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
16915 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
16921 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16927 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16933 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
16939 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
16945 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
16951 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
16957 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
16963 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16969 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
16975 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16981 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
16993 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
17005 =item OBJECT METHODS
17013 =item Data Accessors
17029 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
17031 B<StartWithNewPage>
17045 =item Subclassed methods
17059 B<interior_sequence>
17075 =item Methods for headings
17083 =item Internal methods
17089 B<_replace_special_chars>
17091 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
17097 B<_clean_latex_commands>
17099 B<_split_delimited>
17115 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
17123 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
17128 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
17129 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
17130 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
17141 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17145 =head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
17155 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17159 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
17173 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
17181 $list-E<gt>indent()
17189 $list-E<gt>parent()
17195 =item Pod::Hyperlink
17197 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
17201 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
17203 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
17207 $link-E<gt>warning()
17209 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
17215 $link-E<gt>alttext()
17225 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
17231 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
17235 =item Pod::Cache::Item
17237 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
17241 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
17243 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
17245 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
17247 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
17249 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
17251 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
17253 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
17263 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
17275 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
17277 =item PARSING OPTIONS
17279 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
17280 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
17286 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17294 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17300 =item B<verbatim()>
17302 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17308 =item B<textblock()>
17310 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17316 =item B<interior_sequence()>
17322 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17334 =item B<initialize()>
17340 =item B<begin_pod()>
17346 =item B<begin_input()>
17352 =item B<end_input()>
17364 =item B<preprocess_line()>
17370 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
17376 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
17382 =item B<parse_text()>
17384 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
17385 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
17386 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
17392 =item B<interpolate()>
17398 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
17404 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
17410 =item B<parse_from_file()>
17416 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
17422 =item B<errorsub()>
17434 =item B<parseopts()>
17440 =item B<output_file()>
17446 =item B<output_handle()>
17452 =item B<input_file()>
17458 =item B<input_handle()>
17464 =item B<input_streams()>
17470 =item B<top_stream()>
17476 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17482 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
17488 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
17494 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
17502 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
17522 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
17535 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
17537 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
17543 =item OBJECT METHODS
17549 =item B<curr_headings()>
17561 =item B<add_selection()>
17567 =item B<clear_selections()>
17573 =item B<match_section()>
17579 =item B<is_selected()>
17585 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
17591 =item B<podselect()>
17593 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
17599 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17605 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
17611 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
17617 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
17629 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
17637 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
17641 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
17642 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
17643 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
17654 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17658 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
17672 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17676 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
17691 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17695 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
17696 text with format escapes
17710 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17714 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
17723 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
17732 =item Recommended Use
17740 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
17744 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
17751 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17755 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
17759 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17763 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
17769 =item OVER AND ITEMS
17771 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
17774 =item FORMATTING CODES
17776 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
17784 =head2 Pod::t::htmlescp, Escape Sequences Test
17792 =head2 Pod::t::htmlview, Test HTML Rendering
17800 =item METHODS =E<gt> OTHER STUFF
17806 foo, bar, baz, C<Black> Cat, Sat S<I<on> the>, MatE<lt>!E<gt>, 1 Cat, 2
17813 =item TESTING FOR AND BEGIN
17815 =item TESTING URLs hyperlinking
17821 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
17829 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17835 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17839 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17843 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
17851 a new namespace, an operator mask
17857 =item RECENT CHANGES
17859 =item Methods in class Safe
17861 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17862 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17863 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17864 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17866 =item Some Safety Issues
17868 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17876 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
17884 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
17885 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
17895 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
17905 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
17915 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
17925 =item The __DATA__ token
17927 =item SelfLoader autoloading
17929 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
17931 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
17933 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
17935 =item Classes and inherited methods.
17939 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
17943 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
17953 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
17961 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
17962 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
17970 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
17971 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
17972 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
17973 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
17974 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
17978 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
17988 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
17992 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
17994 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
17996 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
17998 =item ERROR REPORTING
18006 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
18011 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
18012 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
18020 =item Storable magic
18030 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
18042 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
18056 =item Allowing fall-through
18058 =item Automating fall-through
18060 =item Alternative syntax
18062 =item Higher-order Operations
18078 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
18088 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
18100 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
18101 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18109 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18110 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18111 in 5.004_02), closelog
18121 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
18122 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18130 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18131 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18132 in 5.004_02), closelog
18142 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
18152 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
18153 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
18154 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
18158 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
18172 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
18188 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
18190 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18192 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18194 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
18202 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18210 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
18218 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
18228 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
18229 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
18237 =item Minimal set of supported functions
18239 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
18240 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
18242 =item Additional supported functions
18244 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
18254 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
18280 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
18284 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18294 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
18314 =item Setting up tests
18330 =item Running tests
18336 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
18338 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
18364 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
18376 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
18380 =item Test Status and Info
18388 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
18412 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
18422 =item The test script output
18424 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
18425 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
18430 =item Configuration variables.
18432 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
18436 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
18463 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
18464 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
18465 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
18466 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
18470 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
18471 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
18472 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
18486 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
18512 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
18522 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
18560 B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
18576 B<_reset_file_state>
18596 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
18606 =item I love it when a plan comes together
18616 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
18656 =item Conditional tests
18662 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
18664 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
18668 =item Comparison functions
18682 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
18692 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18694 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
18707 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
18731 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
18740 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
18748 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
18750 =item Where to start?
18754 =item Test the manual
18756 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
18758 =item Testing lots of values
18760 =item Informative names
18762 =item Skipping tests
18766 =item Testing with taint mode.
18778 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
18790 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
18800 =item General behaviour in list contexts
18804 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
18806 =item A note about prefixes
18808 =item C<extract_delimited>
18810 =item C<extract_bracketed>
18812 =item C<extract_tagged>
18814 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
18815 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
18817 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
18819 =item C<extract_quotelike>
18821 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
18823 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
18825 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
18827 =item C<extract_codeblock>
18829 =item C<extract_multiple>
18831 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
18837 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
18838 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
18839 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
18840 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
18841 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
18842 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
18843 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
18844 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
18845 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
18846 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
18847 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
18848 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
18853 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
18859 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
18874 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
18891 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
18906 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
18922 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
18934 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
18935 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
18936 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
18940 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
18948 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
18956 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18958 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
18964 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
18972 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18974 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
18978 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
18993 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
19003 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
19011 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
19012 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
19013 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
19014 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
19022 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
19042 =item Option Format
19046 =item Public Methods
19054 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
19058 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
19060 =item Deferred Writing
19064 =item Autodeferring
19072 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
19086 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
19095 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
19096 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
19097 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
19098 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
19100 =item MORE INFORMATION
19102 =item COMPATIBILITY
19106 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
19115 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
19116 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
19118 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
19120 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
19122 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
19124 =item MORE INFORMATION
19128 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
19136 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
19146 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
19164 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
19173 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
19175 =item MORE INFORMATION
19179 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
19191 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
19200 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
19201 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
19202 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
19203 getitimer ( $which )
19219 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
19227 =item IMPLEMENTATION
19233 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
19248 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
19263 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
19275 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
19283 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
19284 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
19288 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
19298 =item Constructor and Tailoring
19300 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
19301 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
19302 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
19304 =item Methods for Collation
19306 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
19307 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
19308 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
19309 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
19310 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
19311 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
19312 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
19313 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
19314 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
19316 =item Other Methods
19318 UCA_Version, Base_Unicode_Version
19334 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/,
19335 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt,
19336 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19337 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18, L<Unicode::Normalize>
19341 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
19351 =item Normalization Forms
19353 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
19354 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
19355 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
19357 =item Decomposition and Composition
19359 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
19360 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
19361 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
19365 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
19366 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
19367 check($form_name, $string)>
19369 =item Character Data
19371 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
19372 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
19373 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
19374 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
19375 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
19376 C<$is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
19377 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
19387 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19388 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
19392 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
19434 =item Blocks versus Scripts
19436 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
19438 =item Code Point Arguments
19464 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
19470 =item Implementation Note
19482 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
19497 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
19508 =item System Specifics
19522 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
19530 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
19532 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
19533 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
19534 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
19535 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
19536 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
19537 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
19538 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
19539 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
19540 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
19541 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
19542 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
19543 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
19544 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
19545 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
19546 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
19547 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
19548 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
19554 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
19566 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
19568 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
19569 don't all have manual pages yet:
19595 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles