4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Platform-Specific
56 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
66 =item Running Perl programs
68 =item Basic syntax overview
70 =item Perl variable types
72 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
74 =item Variable scoping
76 =item Conditional and looping constructs
78 if, while, for, foreach
80 =item Builtin operators and functions
82 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
87 =item Regular expressions
89 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
90 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
92 =item Writing subroutines
96 =item Using Perl modules
104 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/01/31
113 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
115 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
117 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
121 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
123 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
125 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
127 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
129 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
131 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
135 =item About the perlfaq documents
139 =item Where to get the perlfaq
141 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
143 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
150 =item Author and Copyright Information
154 =item Bundled Distributions
162 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
163 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
164 Initial Release: 11/March/97
168 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
176 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
186 =item Simple statements
188 =item Compound statements
196 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
200 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
202 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
208 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
222 =item Scalar value constructors
224 =item List value constructors
228 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
236 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
246 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
248 =item The Arrow Operator
250 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
254 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
256 =item Binding Operators
258 =item Multiplicative Operators
260 =item Additive Operators
262 =item Shift Operators
264 =item Named Unary Operators
266 =item Relational Operators
268 =item Equality Operators
272 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
274 =item C-style Logical And
276 =item C-style Logical Or
278 =item Range Operators
280 =item Conditional Operator
282 =item Assignment Operators
286 =item List Operators (Rightward)
292 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
294 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
296 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
298 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
300 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
302 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
303 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
304 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
305 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
307 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
309 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
310 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
311 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
312 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
317 =item Constant Folding
319 =item Bitwise String Operators
321 =item Integer Arithmetic
323 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
331 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
341 =item Private Variables via my()
343 =item Persistent Private Variables
345 =item Temporary Values via local()
347 =item Lvalue subroutines
349 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
351 =item When to Still Use local()
353 =item Pass by Reference
357 =item Constant Functions
359 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
363 =item Subroutine Attributes
371 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
379 =item Perl Functions by Category
381 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
382 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
383 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
384 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
385 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
386 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
387 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
388 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
389 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
390 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
395 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
397 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
398 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
399 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
400 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
401 chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr
402 NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir
403 DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt
404 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR,
405 defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR,
406 dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
407 BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
408 fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
409 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
410 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
411 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
412 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
413 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
414 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
415 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
416 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
417 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
418 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
419 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
420 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
421 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
422 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc,
423 lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
424 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log,
425 lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK,
426 mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
427 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES,
428 next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
429 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
430 FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord
431 EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
432 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
433 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
434 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
435 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
436 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
437 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
438 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
439 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
440 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
441 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
442 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
443 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
444 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
445 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
446 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
447 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
448 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
449 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
450 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
451 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
452 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
453 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
454 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
455 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
456 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
457 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
458 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
459 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
460 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
461 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
462 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
463 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
464 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
465 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
466 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
467 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
468 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
469 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
475 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
481 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
489 =item Making References
491 =item Using References
509 =item Distribution Conditions
515 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
521 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
522 more elaborate constructs
526 =item COMMON MISTAKES
528 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
530 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
536 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
540 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
542 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
544 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
548 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
552 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
554 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
556 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
560 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
564 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
566 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
568 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
572 =item HASHES OF HASHES
576 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
578 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
580 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
584 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
588 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
590 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
592 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
604 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
614 =item Simple word matching
616 =item Using character classes
618 =item Matching this or that
620 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
622 =item Extracting matches
624 =item Matching repetitions
628 =item Search and replace
630 =item The split operator
638 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
642 =item Acknowledgments
648 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
656 =item Ordinary Paragraph
658 =item Verbatim Paragraph
660 =item Command Paragraph
662 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
663 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
664 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
665 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
667 =item Formatting Codes
669 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
670 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
671 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
672 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
673 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
674 (zero-effect) formatting code
678 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
680 =item Hints for Writing Pod
690 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
697 =item Pod Definitions
701 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
702 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
704 =item Pod Formatting Codes
706 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
707 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
708 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
709 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
710 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
711 contains non-breaking spaces
713 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
715 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
717 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
719 =item About =over...=back Regions
721 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
729 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
737 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
755 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
757 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
758 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
759 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
760 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
762 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
764 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
765 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
766 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
770 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
772 =item Numerical Traps
774 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
776 =item General data type traps
778 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
779 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
781 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
783 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
785 =item Precedence Traps
787 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
790 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
792 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
793 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
796 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
798 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
804 =item Interpolation Traps
806 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
807 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
813 =item Unclassified Traps
815 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
822 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
832 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
834 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
836 =item Location of Perl
838 =item Command Switches
840 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
841 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
842 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
843 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
844 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
845 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
846 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
852 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
853 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
854 PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to
859 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
867 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
875 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
877 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
879 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
883 =item Backward Compatibility
885 =item Category Hierarchy
889 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
901 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
909 =item Looking at data and -w and w
913 =item Stepping through code
915 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
917 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
935 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
941 =item The Perl Debugger
945 =item Debugger Commands
947 h [command], p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s
948 [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line,
949 l subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex],
950 t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
951 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
952 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
953 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
954 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
955 cmd, @ file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man
958 =item Configurable Options
960 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
961 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
962 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
963 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
964 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
965 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
968 =item Debugger input/output
970 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
973 =item Debugging compile-time statements
975 =item Debugger Customization
977 =item Readline Support
979 =item Editor Support for Debugging
981 =item The Perl Profiler
985 =item Debugging regular expressions
987 =item Debugging memory usage
995 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1003 =item Predefined Names
1005 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1006 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1007 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1008 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1009 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1010 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1011 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1012 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1013 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1014 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1015 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1016 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1017 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1018 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1019 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1020 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1021 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1022 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1023 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1024 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1025 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1026 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1027 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1028 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1029 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1030 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1031 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1032 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1033 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1034 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1036 =item Error Indicators
1038 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1046 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1054 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1056 =item Growing Your Own
1058 =item Access and Printing
1070 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1076 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1084 =item The Minus File
1086 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1092 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1096 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1100 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1104 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1106 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1108 =item Paths as Opens
1110 =item Single Argument Open
1112 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1116 =item Other I/O Issues
1120 =item Opening Non-File Files
1130 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1136 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1142 =item The Basic Principle
1146 =item Packing Numbers
1152 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1154 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1156 =item Floating point Numbers
1160 =item Exotic Templates
1172 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1176 =item Lengths and Widths
1180 =item String Lengths
1182 =item Dynamic Templates
1186 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1190 =item The Alignment Pit
1192 =item Alignment, Take 2
1194 =item Alignment, Take 3
1196 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1202 =item Funnies Section
1208 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1214 =item Part 1: The basics
1218 =item Simple word matching
1220 =item Using character classes
1222 =item Matching this or that
1224 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1226 =item Extracting matches
1228 =item Matching repetitions
1230 =item Building a regexp
1232 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1236 =item Part 2: Power tools
1240 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1242 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1244 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1246 =item Non-capturing groupings
1248 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1250 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1252 =item Conditional expressions
1254 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1256 =item Pragmas and debugging
1264 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1268 =item Acknowledgments
1274 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1284 =item Regular Expressions
1286 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1288 =item Extended Patterns
1290 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1291 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1292 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1293 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1297 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1299 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1301 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1303 =item Combining pieces together
1305 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1306 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1307 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1308 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1310 =item Creating custom RE engines
1320 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1330 =item Making References
1332 =item Using References
1334 =item Symbolic references
1336 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1338 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1340 =item Function Templates
1350 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1358 =item Format Variables
1368 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1376 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1384 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1386 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1388 =item Invoking a barnyard
1390 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1392 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1394 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1396 =item A few notes about @ISA
1398 =item Overriding the methods
1400 =item Starting the search from a different place
1402 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1404 =item Where we're at so far...
1406 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1408 =item Invoking an instance method
1410 =item Accessing the instance data
1412 =item How to build a horse
1414 =item Inheriting the constructor
1416 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1418 =item Adding parameters to a method
1420 =item More interesting instances
1422 =item A horse of a different color
1434 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1440 =item Creating a Class
1444 =item Object Representation
1446 =item Class Interface
1448 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1450 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1454 =item Other Object Methods
1462 =item Accessing Class Data
1464 =item Debugging Methods
1466 =item Class Destructors
1468 =item Documenting the Interface
1478 =item Overridden Methods
1480 =item Multiple Inheritance
1482 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1486 =item Alternate Object Representations
1490 =item Arrays as Objects
1492 =item Closures as Objects
1496 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1500 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1502 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1506 =item Metaclassical Tools
1512 =item Data Members as Variables
1520 =item Object Terminology
1526 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1532 =item Acknowledgments
1538 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1544 =item Class Data in a Can
1546 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1550 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1552 =item Inheritance Concerns
1554 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1556 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1558 =item Monadic Classes
1560 =item Translucent Attributes
1564 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1568 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1570 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1572 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1574 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1576 =item Translucency Revisited
1584 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1586 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1592 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1600 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1602 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1604 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1606 =item Method Invocation
1608 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1610 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1612 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1618 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1626 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1632 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1634 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1636 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1638 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1640 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1642 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1644 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1646 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1648 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1650 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1656 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1668 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1673 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1674 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1675 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1676 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1681 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1682 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1683 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1685 =item Tying FileHandles
1687 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1688 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1693 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1705 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1706 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1722 =item Using open() for IPC
1728 =item Background Processes
1730 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1732 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1734 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1736 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1740 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1744 =item Internet Line Terminators
1746 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1748 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1752 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1756 =item A Simple Client
1758 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1760 =item A Webget Client
1762 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1766 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1768 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1770 =item UDP: Message Passing
1784 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1794 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1796 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1797 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1798 files, directories and network sockets
1800 =item Resource limits
1802 =item Killing the parent process
1804 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1806 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1808 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1809 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1810 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1822 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1830 =item Storing numbers
1832 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1834 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1836 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1837 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1838 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1847 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1855 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1861 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1863 =item Threaded Program Models
1875 =item Native threads
1877 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1879 =item Threadsafe Modules
1885 =item Basic Thread Support
1887 =item Creating Threads
1889 =item Giving up control
1891 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1893 =item Errors In Threads
1895 =item Ignoring A Thread
1899 =item Threads And Data
1903 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1905 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1907 =item Controlling access: lock()
1909 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1911 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1915 =item Threads And Code
1919 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1921 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1923 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1925 =item Subroutine Locks
1929 =item Locking A Subroutine
1933 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1937 =item What Thread Am I In?
1941 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1943 =item What Threads Are Running?
1947 =item A Complete Example
1955 =item Introductory Texts
1957 =item OS-Related References
1959 =item Other References
1963 =item Acknowledgements
1971 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1977 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1986 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1988 =item Files and Filesystems
1990 =item System Interaction
1992 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1994 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1996 =item Standard Modules
2000 =item Character sets and character encoding
2002 =item Internationalisation
2004 =item System Resources
2014 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2015 http://testers.cpan.org/
2023 =item DOS and Derivatives
2031 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2039 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2043 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2045 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2046 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2047 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2048 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2049 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2050 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2051 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2052 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2053 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
2054 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
2055 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
2056 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
2057 kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
2058 lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
2059 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
2060 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
2061 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
2062 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2063 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2064 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2065 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2066 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2067 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2068 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2069 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2070 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2076 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2077 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2078 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2079 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2080 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2081 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2083 =item Supported Platforms
2087 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2093 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2100 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2106 =item The use locale pragma
2108 =item The setlocale function
2110 =item Finding locales
2112 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2114 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2116 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2118 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2120 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2122 =item The localeconv function
2124 =item I18N::Langinfo
2128 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2132 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2134 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2136 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2138 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2142 =item Other categories
2150 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2151 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2157 =item Backward compatibility
2159 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2161 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2163 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2165 =item Freely available locale definitions
2169 =item An imperfect standard
2177 =item Broken systems
2187 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2197 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2199 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2201 =item Creating Unicode
2203 =item Handling Unicode
2205 =item Legacy Encodings
2209 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2213 =item Advanced Topics
2217 =item Questions With Answers
2219 Will My Old Scripts Break?, How Do I Make My Scripts Work With Unicode?,
2220 How Do I Know Whether My String Is In Unicode?, How Do I Detect Data That's
2221 Not Valid In a Particular Encoding, How Do I Convert Binary Data Into a
2222 Particular Encoding, Or Vice Versa?, How Do I Display Unicode? How Do I
2223 Input Unicode?, How Does Unicode Work With Traditional Locales?
2225 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2227 =item Further Resources
2231 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2235 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
2237 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2241 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2249 =item Important Caveats
2251 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2252 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2254 =item Byte and Character semantics
2256 =item Effects of character semantics
2262 =item Character encodings for input and output
2268 =item UNICODE REGULAR EXPRESSION SUPPORT LEVEL
2272 =item Unicode Encodings
2274 UTF-8, UTF-EBCDIC, UTF-16, UTF-16BE, UTF16-LE, Surrogates, and BOMs (Byte
2275 Order Marks), UTF-32, UTF-32BE, UTF32-LE, UCS-2, UCS-4, UTF-7
2277 =item Security Implications of Malformed UTF-8
2279 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2281 =item Using Unicode in XS
2289 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2295 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2303 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2307 =item 13 variant characters
2315 =item Unicode and UTF
2319 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2321 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2323 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2337 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2339 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2341 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2343 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2351 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2353 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2355 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2357 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2361 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2365 =item URL decoding and encoding
2367 =item uu encoding and decoding
2369 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2371 =item Caesarian ciphers
2375 =item Hashing order and checksums
2379 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2391 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2411 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2419 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2421 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2423 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2427 =item Protecting Your Programs
2435 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2447 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2453 =item Making your module threadsafe
2461 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2471 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2472 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2486 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2492 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2496 =item Pragmatic Modules
2498 attributes, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics,
2499 encoding, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, overload, sigtrap,
2500 sort, strict, subs, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
2502 =item Standard Modules
2504 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CGI,
2505 CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push,
2506 CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp,
2507 Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, Devel::SelfStubber,
2508 Digest, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2509 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
2510 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
2511 ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS,
2512 ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2513 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2514 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare,
2515 File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec,
2516 File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2517 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2518 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2519 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate,
2520 I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
2521 Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language,
2522 Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2523 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize,
2524 Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile,
2525 Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File,
2526 Memoize::Storable, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP,
2527 Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time,
2528 Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent,
2529 PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html,
2530 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils,
2531 Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2532 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, Pod::t::basic,
2533 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Switch, Symbol,
2534 Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2535 Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial,
2536 Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs,
2537 Text::Wrap, Thread, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash,
2538 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime,
2539 Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::UCD, User::grent,
2542 =item Extension Modules
2554 =item Central America
2566 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2570 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2572 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2574 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2582 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2588 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2592 =item Before you start
2600 =item Release considerations
2604 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2608 =item Has it been done before?
2610 =item Do one thing and do it well
2612 =item What's in a name?
2616 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2620 =item To OO or not to OO?
2622 =item Designing your API
2624 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2625 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2628 =item Strictness and warnings
2630 =item Backwards compatibility
2632 =item Error handling and messages
2636 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2642 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2646 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2650 =item Version numbering
2652 =item Pre-requisites
2662 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2666 =item Reinventing the wheel
2668 =item Trying to do too much
2670 =item Inappropriate documentation
2676 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2677 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2683 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2693 =item What should I make into a module?
2695 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2697 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2699 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2701 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2702 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2703 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2705 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2707 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2708 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2718 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.6 $, $Date:
2719 2002/01/31 01:46:23 $)
2729 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2731 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2733 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2735 =item What is perl6?
2737 =item How stable is Perl?
2739 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2741 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2744 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2746 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2748 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2750 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2752 =item What is a JAPH?
2754 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2756 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2757 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
2761 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2765 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $,
2766 $Date: 2002/02/08 22:31:57 $)
2774 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2776 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2778 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2780 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2783 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2784 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2786 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2787 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2789 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2791 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2793 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2795 =item Where should I post source code?
2799 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2801 =item Perl in Magazines
2803 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2805 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2807 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2809 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2811 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2813 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
2817 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2821 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2002/02/11
2830 =item How do I do (anything)?
2832 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2834 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2836 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2838 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2840 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2842 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2844 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2846 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2848 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2849 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2850 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2852 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2854 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2856 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2858 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2860 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2862 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2864 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2866 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
2867 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
2869 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2871 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2873 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2875 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2877 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2879 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2881 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2883 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2885 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2887 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2889 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2891 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2893 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2894 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2896 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
2898 =item What's MakeMaker?
2902 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2906 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.14 $, $Date: 2002/02/08
2917 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2918 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2920 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2922 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2925 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
2927 B<How do I convert Hexadecimal into decimal:>, B<How do I convert from
2928 decimal to hexadecimal:>, B<How do I convert from octal to decimal:>, B<How
2929 do I convert from decimal to octal:>, B<How do I convert from binary to
2930 decimal:>, B<How do I convert from decimal to binary:>
2932 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2934 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2936 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2938 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2940 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2948 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2950 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2952 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2954 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2956 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2958 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2960 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2968 =item How do I validate input?
2970 =item How do I unescape a string?
2972 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2974 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2976 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2978 =item How do I reverse a string?
2980 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2982 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2984 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2986 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2988 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2991 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2993 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2994 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2996 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2998 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3000 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3002 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3004 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3006 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3008 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3010 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3011 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3020 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3022 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3024 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3028 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3031 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3032 intersection of two arrays?
3034 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3036 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3038 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3040 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3042 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3044 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3046 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3048 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3050 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3052 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3054 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3058 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3062 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3064 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3067 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3069 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3071 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3073 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3075 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3077 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3079 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3081 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3083 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3085 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3087 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3090 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3091 array of hashes or arrays?
3093 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3101 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3103 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3105 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3107 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3109 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3111 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3113 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3117 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3121 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/02/11
3130 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3132 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3133 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3135 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3137 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3139 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3141 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3142 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3144 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3146 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3148 =item How can I write() into a string?
3150 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3152 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3154 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3156 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3158 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3160 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3162 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3164 =item How can I lock a file?
3166 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3168 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3169 the file. How can I do this?
3171 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3172 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3174 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3176 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3178 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3180 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3182 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3184 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3186 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3188 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3190 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3192 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3194 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3196 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
3197 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3199 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3201 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3202 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3204 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3206 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3210 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3214 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/01/31
3223 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3224 and unmaintainable code?
3226 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3228 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3230 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3233 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3235 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3238 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3240 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3242 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3244 =item What is C</o> really for?
3246 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3249 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3251 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3253 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3255 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3257 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3259 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3261 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3263 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3265 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3267 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3269 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3271 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3273 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3277 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3281 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.7 $, $Date:
3282 2002/01/31 04:27:55 $)
3290 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3292 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3295 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3298 =item How do I skip some return values?
3300 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3302 =item What's an extension?
3304 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3306 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3308 =item How do I create a module?
3310 =item How do I create a class?
3312 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3314 =item What's a closure?
3316 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3318 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3321 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3324 =item How do I create a static variable?
3326 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3327 Between local() and my()?
3329 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3332 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3334 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3336 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3338 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3340 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3342 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3344 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3346 =item How can I find out my current package?
3348 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3350 =item How do I clear a package?
3352 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3356 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3360 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.6 $, $Date: 2002/01/28
3369 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3371 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3373 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3375 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3377 =item How do I print something out in color?
3379 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3381 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3383 =item How do I clear the screen?
3385 =item How do I get the screen size?
3387 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3389 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3391 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3393 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3395 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3397 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3399 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3401 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3403 =item How do I set the time and date?
3405 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3407 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3409 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3411 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3412 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3414 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3416 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3418 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3420 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3422 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3424 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3426 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3428 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3430 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3432 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3435 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3437 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3439 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3441 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3444 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3445 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3446 changes to be visible?
3450 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3453 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3455 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3457 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3459 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3461 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3463 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3465 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3467 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3469 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3471 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3473 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3475 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3478 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3480 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3484 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3488 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.7 $, $Date: 2002/01/28 04:17:27
3497 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3499 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3502 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3504 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3506 =item How do I extract URLs?
3508 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3509 file on another machine?
3511 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3513 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3515 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3517 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3519 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3521 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3523 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3525 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3526 CGI script to do bad things?
3528 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3530 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3532 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3534 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3536 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3538 =item How do I send mail?
3540 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3542 =item How do I read mail?
3544 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3546 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3548 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3550 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3554 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3558 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3568 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3572 =item Using The Back Ends
3576 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3580 =item The Decompiling Back End
3582 =item The Lint Back End
3584 =item The Simple C Back End
3586 =item The Bytecode Back End
3588 =item The Optimized C Back End
3590 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3591 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3592 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3596 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3602 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3612 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3613 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3617 =item Compiling your C program
3619 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3621 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3623 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3625 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3627 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3629 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3631 =item Execution of END blocks
3633 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3635 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3640 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3650 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3656 =item Debugger Internals
3660 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3664 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3666 =item Debugging regular expressions
3670 =item Compile-time output
3672 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3673 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3674 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3677 =item Types of nodes
3679 =item Run-time output
3683 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3687 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3689 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3690 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3693 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3695 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3697 =item B<-DL> details
3701 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3709 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3721 =item Version caveat
3723 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3735 =item What has gone on?
3737 =item Writing good test scripts
3741 =item What's new here?
3743 =item Input and Output Parameters
3745 =item The XSUBPP Program
3747 =item The TYPEMAP file
3749 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3753 =item What has happened here?
3755 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3757 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3759 =item More about XSUB arguments
3761 =item The Argument Stack
3763 =item Extending your Extension
3765 =item Documenting your Extension
3767 =item Installing your Extension
3771 =item New Things in this Example
3775 =item New Things in this Example
3777 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3779 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3781 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3783 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3799 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3811 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3813 =item The Argument Stack
3815 =item The RETVAL Variable
3817 =item The MODULE Keyword
3819 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3821 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3823 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3825 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3827 =item The CODE: Keyword
3829 =item The INIT: Keyword
3831 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3833 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3835 =item Default Parameter Values
3837 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3839 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3841 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3843 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3845 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3847 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3849 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3851 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3853 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3855 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3857 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3859 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3861 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3863 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3865 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3867 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3869 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3871 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3873 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3875 =item The CASE: Keyword
3877 =item The & Unary Operator
3879 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3881 =item Using XS With C++
3883 =item Interface Strategy
3885 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3889 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
3891 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
3903 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3913 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3915 =item File Operations
3917 =item File Input and Output
3919 =item File Positioning
3921 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3923 =item Character Class Tests
3925 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3927 =item Miscellaneous functions
3935 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3947 =item What is an "IV"?
3949 =item Working with SVs
3953 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3955 =item Working with AVs
3957 =item Working with HVs
3959 =item Hash API Extensions
3963 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3965 =item Creating New Variables
3967 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3969 =item Stashes and Globs
3971 =item Double-Typed SVs
3973 =item Magic Variables
3975 =item Assigning Magic
3977 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3981 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3983 =item Localizing changes
3985 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3986 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3987 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3988 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3989 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3990 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3991 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3992 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3993 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3994 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4002 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4004 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4006 =item Memory Allocation
4010 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4014 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4024 =item Examining the tree
4026 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4028 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4030 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4032 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4034 =item Pluggable runops
4038 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4040 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4044 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4046 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4048 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4050 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4052 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4056 =item Internal Functions
4058 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4062 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4064 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4066 =item Source Documentation
4070 =item Unicode Support
4074 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4076 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4078 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4080 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4082 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4084 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4088 =item Custom Operators
4096 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4102 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4104 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4106 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4126 =item Determining the Context
4130 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4136 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4138 =item Passing Parameters
4140 =item Returning a Scalar
4142 =item Returning a list of values
4144 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4146 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4150 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4154 =item Using call_argv
4156 =item Using call_method
4160 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4162 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4164 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4165 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4168 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4170 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4182 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4192 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4193 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4194 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4195 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4199 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4201 =item Administration
4203 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4207 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4208 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4216 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4226 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4228 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4230 B<Decryption Filters>
4232 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4234 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4236 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4248 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4256 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4257 B<filter_fetch_value>
4263 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4265 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4275 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4281 =item "Gimme" Values
4283 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4285 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4287 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4288 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4289 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4291 =item Callback Functions
4293 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4294 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4296 =item Character classes
4298 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4300 =item Cloning an interpreter
4304 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4306 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4308 =item Embedding Functions
4310 load_module, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free,
4311 perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4313 =item Global Variables
4315 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4319 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv,
4324 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4326 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4328 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4329 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4330 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4331 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store,
4332 hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4334 =item Magical Functions
4336 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4337 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4338 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4340 =item Memory Management
4342 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Renew, Renewc, Safefree, savepv,
4343 savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4345 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4347 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
4348 strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
4350 =item Numeric functions
4352 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4355 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4357 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4359 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4361 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4362 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4363 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4364 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4365 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4369 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4371 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4373 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4374 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4375 new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4376 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX,
4377 SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
4378 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4379 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4380 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4381 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVX, SvPVx,
4382 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4383 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4384 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK,
4385 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
4386 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4387 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4388 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4389 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4390 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec,
4391 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free,
4392 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
4393 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref,
4394 sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b,
4395 sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force,
4396 sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype,
4397 sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg,
4398 sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv,
4399 sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv,
4400 sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv,
4401 sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted,
4402 sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade,
4403 sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
4404 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4406 =item Unicode Support
4408 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4409 pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case,
4410 to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr,
4411 utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes,
4412 utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
4414 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4416 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4417 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4419 =item Warning and Dieing
4429 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4436 =item Global Variables
4438 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4449 =item Pad Data Structures
4453 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4457 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4459 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4467 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4477 =item History and Background
4479 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4481 =item Data Structures
4483 =item Functions and Attributes
4485 =item Per-instance Data
4487 =item Layers in action.
4489 =item Per-instance flag bits
4491 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4492 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4493 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4494 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4496 =item Methods in Detail
4498 char * name;, Size_t size;, IV kind;, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4499 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, PERLIO_K_RAW, IV
4500 (*Pushed)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4501 (*Popped)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4502 (*Getarg)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, CLONE_PARAMS *param, int flags), IV
4503 (*Fileno)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Dup)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, PerlIO *o,
4504 CLONE_PARAMS *param, int flags), SSize_t (*Read)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f,
4505 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const
4506 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const void
4507 *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, Off_t
4508 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);, IV
4509 (*Close)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);,
4510 IV (*Fill)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(pTHX_ PerlIO
4511 *f);, IV (*Error)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);, void
4512 (*Clearerr)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);, void (*Setlinebuf)(pTHX_ PerlIO
4513 *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);, Size_t
4514 (*Get_bufsiz)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_ptr)(pTHX_ PerlIO
4515 *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);, void
4516 (*Set_ptrcnt)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4520 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4522 =item Extension Layers
4524 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4532 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4540 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4541 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4542 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4543 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4544 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4545 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4546 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4547 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4548 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4549 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4550 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4554 =item Co-existence with stdio
4556 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4557 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4559 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4561 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4562 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4563 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4564 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4566 =item Other Functions
4568 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4569 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4575 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4581 =item To do during 5.6.x
4585 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4587 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4589 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4591 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4593 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4597 =item use Thread for iThreads
4599 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4601 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4603 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4605 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4607 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4609 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4611 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4613 =item Complete signal handling
4615 =item Out-of-source builds
4617 =item POSIX realtime support
4619 =item UNIX98 support
4623 =item Long double conversion
4627 =item Thread-safe regexes
4629 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4631 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4633 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4635 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4637 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
4639 =item DLL Versioning
4641 =item Introduce @( and @)
4643 =item Floating point handling
4645 =item IV/UV preservation
4647 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4649 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4651 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4653 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4655 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4657 =item Document Win32 choices
4659 =item Check new modules
4661 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4665 =item To do at some point
4669 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4671 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4673 =item pack for IV, UVs, NVs, and long doubles
4675 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4677 =item bitfields in pack
4679 =item Cross compilation
4681 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4683 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4685 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4687 =item -i rename file when changed
4689 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4691 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4693 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4695 =item my sub foo { }
4697 =item One-pass global destruction
4699 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4701 =item Cache recently used regexps
4703 =item Re-entrant functions
4705 =item Cross-compilation support
4707 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4709 =item debugger pragma
4711 =item use less pragma
4713 =item switch structures
4715 =item Cache eval tree
4719 =item Shrink opcode tables
4721 =item Optimize away @_
4723 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4727 =item Prototype method calls
4729 =item Return context prototype declarations
4733 =item Garbage collection
4737 =item Rewrite perldoc
4739 =item Install .3p manpages
4741 =item Unicode tutorial
4743 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4745 =item Retargetable installation
4747 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4749 =item Rename Win32 headers
4751 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4753 =item Update sprintf documentation
4755 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4757 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4765 =item ref() in list context
4767 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4769 =item Compile to real threaded code
4771 =item Structured types
4773 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4775 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4779 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4783 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4785 =item Constant function cache
4787 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4795 =item Update guts documentation
4797 =item Add more tests
4799 =item Update auxiliary tools
4803 =item Recently done things
4807 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4809 =item Safe signal handling
4815 =item setitimer and getimiter
4817 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4819 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4821 =item Explicit switch statements
4829 =item perlcc to produce executable
4831 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4833 =item Secure temporary file module
4835 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4837 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4839 =item Mmap for input
4841 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4843 =item Add sockatmark support
4845 =item Mailing list archives
4849 =item Integrate MacPerl
4851 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4853 =item Regular expression tutorial
4855 =item Debugging Tutorial
4857 =item Integrate new modules
4859 =item Integrate profiler
4861 =item Y2K error detection
4863 =item Regular expression debugger
4867 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4869 =item Cache precompiled modules
4873 =item Deprecated Wishes
4877 =item Loop control on do{}
4879 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4885 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4887 =item Named prototypes
4889 =item Built-in globbing
4891 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4893 =item Cached hash values
4895 =item Add compression modules
4897 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4899 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4901 =item Make XS easier to use
4903 =item Make embedding easier to use
4907 =item my $Package::variable
4909 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4911 =item "class"-based lexicals
4915 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4917 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4919 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4921 =item Create debugging macros
4923 =item truncate to the people
4925 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4931 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4937 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4938 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4939 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4940 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4941 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4942 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4943 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4947 =item Keeping in sync
4949 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4950 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4952 =item Why rsync the source tree
4954 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
4956 =item Why rsync the patches
4958 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4959 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4961 =item Perlbug remote interface
4963 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
4964 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
4966 =item Submitting patches
4968 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4969 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4971 =item Finding Your Way Around
4973 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4975 =item Elements of the interpreter
4977 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4979 =item Internal Variable Types
4985 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4987 =item Millions of Macros
4989 =item Poking at Perl
4991 =item Using a source-level debugger
4993 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4994 finish, 'enter', print
4996 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5000 =item Patching a core module
5002 =item Adding a new function to the core
5004 =item Writing a test
5006 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5007 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5011 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5015 =item Rational Software's Purify
5017 =item Purify on Unix
5019 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5023 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5025 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
5027 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5031 =item Gprof Profiling
5033 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5035 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5037 =item Pixie Profiling
5039 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5044 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5052 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5060 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5072 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5074 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5078 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5082 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5088 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5090 =item Incompatible Changes
5094 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5096 =item AIX Dynaloading
5098 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time.
5100 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5102 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5104 =item New Unicode Properties
5106 =item Perl Parser Stress Tested
5108 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5114 =item Core Enhancements
5118 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5122 =item Unicode Overhaul
5124 =item Understanding of Numbers
5126 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5130 =item Modules and Pragmata
5134 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5136 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5140 =item Utility Changes
5142 =item New Documentation
5144 =item Performance Enhancements
5146 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5150 =item Generic Improvements
5152 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5156 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5160 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5164 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5166 =item Changed Internals
5168 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5172 =item Known Problems
5178 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5180 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5182 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5184 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5186 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5188 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5194 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5196 =item Failure of Thread tests
5206 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5208 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5210 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5212 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5214 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5216 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5218 =item The Long Double Support Is Still Experimental
5220 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5224 =item Reporting Bugs
5232 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5238 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5240 =item Incompatible Changes
5244 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5246 =item AIX Dynaloading
5248 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5250 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5256 =item Core Enhancements
5258 =item Modules and Pragmata
5262 =item New Modules and Distributions
5264 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5268 =item Utility Changes
5270 =item New Documentation
5272 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5276 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5278 =item Generic Improvements
5282 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5286 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5290 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5292 =item Source Code Enhancements
5296 =item MAGIC constants
5298 =item Better commented code
5300 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5308 =item Known Problems
5314 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5316 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5318 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5320 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5322 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5324 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5328 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5330 =item Failure of Thread tests
5340 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5342 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5344 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5346 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5348 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5350 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5354 =item Reporting Bugs
5362 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5368 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5370 =item Incompatible Changes
5372 =item Core Enhancements
5376 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5378 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5380 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5384 =item Modules and Pragmata
5390 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5394 =item Performance Enhancements
5396 =item Utility Changes
5398 =item New Documentation
5414 =item README.solaris
5418 =item Porting/repository.pod
5422 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5426 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5428 =item Generic Improvements
5430 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5431 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5432 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5436 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5440 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5444 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5446 =item Changed Internals
5450 =item Known Problems
5454 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5456 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5458 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5460 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5464 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5466 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5468 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5470 =item Failure of Thread tests
5472 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5474 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5476 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5478 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5482 =item Reporting Bugs
5490 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5496 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5498 =item Incompatible Changes
5500 =item Core Enhancements
5502 =item Modules and Pragmata
5508 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5512 =item Utility Changes
5514 =item New Documentation
5516 =item Performance Enhancements
5518 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5522 =item Generic Improvements
5526 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5530 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5534 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5536 =item Changed Internals
5538 =item Known Problems
5542 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5544 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5546 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5548 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5550 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5552 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5554 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5556 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5558 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5560 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5564 =item Reporting Bugs
5572 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5578 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5582 =item Security Issues
5584 =item Core bug fixes
5586 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5587 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5588 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5589 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5590 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5591 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5596 =item Configuration issues
5600 =item Bundled modules
5602 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5603 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5604 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5605 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5607 =item Platform-specific improvements
5609 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5613 =item Core Enhancements
5617 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5619 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5621 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5623 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5625 =item "our" declarations
5627 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5629 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5631 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5633 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5635 =item open() with more than two arguments
5637 =item 64-bit support
5639 =item Large file support
5645 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5647 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5649 =item File globbing implemented internally
5651 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5653 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5655 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5657 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5659 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5661 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5663 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5665 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5667 =item Comments in pack() templates
5669 =item Weak references
5671 =item Binary numbers supported
5673 =item Lvalue subroutines
5675 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5677 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5679 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5681 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5683 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5685 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5687 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5689 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5691 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5693 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5695 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5697 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5699 =item Improved diagnostics
5701 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5703 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5705 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5707 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5709 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5711 =item Improved security features
5713 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5715 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5717 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5719 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5721 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5723 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5725 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5729 =item Modules and Pragmata
5735 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5736 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5737 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5738 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5739 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5740 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5741 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5742 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5748 =item Utility Changes
5762 =item The Perl Debugger
5766 =item Improved Documentation
5768 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5769 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5770 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5771 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5773 =item Performance enhancements
5777 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5779 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5781 =item Faster subroutine calls
5783 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5787 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5791 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5793 =item New Configure flags
5795 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5801 =item -Duselargefiles
5803 =item installusrbinperl
5809 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5811 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
5815 =item Platform specific changes
5819 =item Supported platforms
5823 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5831 =item Significant bug fixes
5835 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5837 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5839 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5841 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5843 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5845 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5847 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5849 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5851 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5853 =item Locale bugs fixed
5857 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5859 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5861 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5863 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5867 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5869 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5870 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5871 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5872 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5873 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5874 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5875 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5876 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5877 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5878 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5879 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5880 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5881 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5882 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5883 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5884 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5885 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5886 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5887 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5888 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5889 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5890 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5891 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5892 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5893 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5894 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5895 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5896 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5897 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5898 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5899 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5900 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5901 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5902 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5903 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5904 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5905 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5906 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5907 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5908 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5909 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5910 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5911 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5912 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5913 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5914 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5915 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5916 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5917 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5918 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5922 =item Incompatible Changes
5926 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5928 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5929 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5930 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5931 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5932 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5933 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5934 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5935 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5936 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5937 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5938 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5940 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5942 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5944 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5946 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5948 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5952 =item Known Problems
5956 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
5958 =item Known test failures
5960 64-bit builds, Failure of Thread tests, NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure,
5961 Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc
5963 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
5965 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5967 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5969 =item Experimental features
5971 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5972 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5973 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5977 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5979 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5980 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5981 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5982 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5984 =item Reporting Bugs
5992 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
5998 =item Core Enhancements
6002 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6004 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6006 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6008 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6010 =item "our" declarations
6012 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6014 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6016 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6018 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6020 =item open() with more than two arguments
6022 =item 64-bit support
6024 =item Large file support
6030 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6032 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6034 =item File globbing implemented internally
6036 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6038 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6040 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6042 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6044 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6046 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6048 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6050 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6052 =item Comments in pack() templates
6054 =item Weak references
6056 =item Binary numbers supported
6058 =item Lvalue subroutines
6060 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6062 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6064 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6066 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6068 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6070 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6072 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6074 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6076 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6078 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6080 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6082 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6084 =item Improved diagnostics
6086 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6088 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6090 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6092 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6094 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6096 =item Improved security features
6098 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6100 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6102 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6104 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6106 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6108 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6110 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6114 =item Modules and Pragmata
6120 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6121 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6122 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6123 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6124 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6125 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6126 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6127 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6133 =item Utility Changes
6147 =item The Perl Debugger
6151 =item Improved Documentation
6153 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6154 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6155 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6156 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6158 =item Performance enhancements
6162 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6164 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6166 =item Faster subroutine calls
6168 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6172 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6176 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6178 =item New Configure flags
6180 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6186 =item -Duselargefiles
6188 =item installusrbinperl
6194 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6198 =item Platform specific changes
6202 =item Supported platforms
6206 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6214 =item Significant bug fixes
6218 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6220 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6222 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6224 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6226 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6228 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6230 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6232 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6234 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6236 =item Locale bugs fixed
6240 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6242 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6244 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6246 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6250 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6252 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6253 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6254 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6255 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6256 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6257 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6258 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6259 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6260 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6261 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6262 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6263 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6264 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6265 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6266 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6267 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6268 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6269 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6270 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6271 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6272 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6273 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6274 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6275 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6276 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6277 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6278 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6279 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6280 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6281 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6282 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6283 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6284 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6285 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6286 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6287 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6288 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6289 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6290 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6291 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6292 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6293 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6294 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6295 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6296 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6297 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6298 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6299 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6300 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6301 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6305 =item Incompatible Changes
6309 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6311 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6312 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6313 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6314 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6315 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6316 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6317 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6318 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6319 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6320 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6321 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6323 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6325 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6327 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6329 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6331 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6335 =item Known Problems
6339 =item Thread test failures
6341 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6343 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6345 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6347 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6350 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6352 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6354 =item Experimental features
6356 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6357 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6358 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6362 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6364 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6365 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6366 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6367 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6369 =item Reporting Bugs
6377 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6383 =item About the new versioning system
6385 =item Incompatible Changes
6389 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6391 =item Default installation structure has changed
6393 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6395 =item C Source Compatibility
6397 =item Binary Compatibility
6399 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6401 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6415 =item Regular Expressions
6417 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6418 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6419 improvements, Incompatible changes
6421 =item Improved malloc()
6423 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6425 =item Reliable signals
6427 =item Reliable stack pointers
6429 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6433 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6435 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6437 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6439 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6441 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6443 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6445 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6447 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6449 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6451 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6453 =item Better locale support
6455 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6457 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6459 =item Extended support for exception handling
6461 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6463 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6465 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6467 =item New C<lock> keyword
6469 =item New C<qr//> operator
6471 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6473 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6475 =item Tied handles support is better
6477 =item 4th argument to substr
6479 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6481 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6483 =item <> now reads in records
6487 =item Supported Platforms
6493 =item Changes in existing support
6497 =item Modules and Pragmata
6503 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6504 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6505 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6507 =item Changes in existing modules
6509 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6510 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6514 =item Utility Changes
6516 =item Documentation Changes
6518 =item New Diagnostics
6520 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6521 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6522 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6523 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6524 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6525 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6526 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6527 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6528 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6529 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6530 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6531 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6532 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6533 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6534 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6535 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6536 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6538 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6540 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6541 temporary file, regexp too big
6543 =item Configuration Changes
6553 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
6559 =item Supported Environments
6565 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6567 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6569 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6571 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6573 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6575 =item More precise warnings
6577 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6579 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6581 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6583 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6585 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6587 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6589 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6591 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6593 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6595 =item Changes to tainting checks
6597 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6598 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6600 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6602 =item Embedding improvements
6604 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6606 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6608 =item New and changed syntax
6612 =item New and changed builtin constants
6616 =item New and changed builtin variables
6620 =item New and changed builtin functions
6622 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6623 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6624 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6625 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6626 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6628 =item New builtin methods
6630 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6632 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6634 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6635 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6637 =item Malloc enhancements
6639 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6641 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6645 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6661 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6662 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6668 =item Required Updates
6670 =item Installation directories
6672 =item Module information summary
6686 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6690 =item Utility Changes
6696 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6700 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6704 =item C Language API Changes
6706 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6709 =item Documentation Changes
6711 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6712 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6714 =item New Diagnostics
6716 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6717 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6718 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6719 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6720 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6721 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6722 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6723 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6724 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6725 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6726 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6727 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6728 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6729 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6730 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6731 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6732 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6733 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6734 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6735 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6736 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6737 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6738 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6739 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6740 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6750 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6758 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6762 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6764 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
6766 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
6768 =item Using Large Files with Perl
6774 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
6784 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
6794 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
6808 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
6810 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
6812 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
6814 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
6820 =item Accessing documentation
6824 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
6826 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
6828 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
6830 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
6834 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
6838 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
6840 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
6842 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
6844 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
6846 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
6856 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
6864 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
6866 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
6870 =item Contact Information
6872 =item Update 2001-12-26
6878 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
6888 =item gzip on BS2000
6890 =item bison on BS2000
6892 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
6894 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
6896 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
6898 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
6900 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
6902 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
6904 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
6938 =item Acknowledgements
6944 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
6950 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
6954 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
6956 =item Cygwin Configuration
6958 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
6962 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
6966 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
6968 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
6970 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
6971 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
6973 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
6975 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
6976 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
6978 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
6980 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
6984 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
6988 =item Warnings on Cygwin
6994 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
6998 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7000 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7002 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
7006 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7008 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7010 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7011 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7013 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7021 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7033 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7037 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7039 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7041 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7043 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7053 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7063 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7067 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7069 =item Building Perl on DOS
7071 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7073 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7077 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7081 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7083 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7085 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7087 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7097 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7105 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7107 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7109 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
7111 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
7115 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
7117 =item PATH Names on Epoc
7119 =item Editors on Epoc
7121 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7123 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7125 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7129 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7137 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7146 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7148 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7160 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7162 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7164 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7166 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7168 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7170 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7172 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7174 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7176 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7178 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7180 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7184 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7192 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7200 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7208 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7217 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7219 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7221 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7223 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7233 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7247 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7253 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7259 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7267 =item Binary distribution from HP
7269 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7271 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7273 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7275 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7277 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7279 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7280 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7282 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7286 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7288 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7290 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7292 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7294 =item Perl/iX Change History
7310 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
7322 =item Build new extensions
7326 =item Acknowledgements
7334 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7354 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7356 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7358 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7362 =item Frequently asked questions
7366 =item "It does not work"
7368 =item I cannot run external programs
7370 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7373 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7376 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7378 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7386 =item Automatic binary installation
7388 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7390 =item Manual binary installation
7392 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7393 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7394 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7395 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7396 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7402 =item Accessing documentation
7406 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7414 =item GNU C<info> files
7426 =item The short story
7430 =item Getting perl source
7432 =item Application of the patches
7440 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7443 =item Installing the built perl
7445 =item C<a.out>-style build
7453 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7455 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7457 =item Problems with tr or sed
7459 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7461 =item Library ... not found
7463 =item Segfault in make
7465 =item op/sprintf test failure
7469 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7473 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7477 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7479 =item Additional modules:
7481 =item Prebuilt methods:
7483 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7484 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7485 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7486 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7487 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7488 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7489 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7490 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7491 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7492 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7493 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
7495 =item Prebuilt variables:
7497 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
7503 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7506 =item Identifying DLLs
7508 =item Centralized management of resources
7524 =item F<perl___.exe>
7526 =item Why strange names?
7528 =item Why dynamic linking?
7530 =item Why chimera build?
7538 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7540 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7542 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7544 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7546 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7548 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7558 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7560 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7562 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7565 =item DLL forwarder generation
7569 =item Calls to external programs
7571 =item Memory allocation
7575 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7591 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7604 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7606 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7608 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7610 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7612 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7614 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7616 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7618 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7620 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7622 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7632 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7640 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7648 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7650 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7652 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7654 =item QNX auxiliary files
7658 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7666 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7676 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7678 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7680 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7682 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7686 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7690 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7702 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
7710 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
7716 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
7722 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
7724 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
7726 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
7730 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
7734 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7736 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
7738 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7742 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
7744 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
7745 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
7746 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
7752 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
7754 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7758 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
7760 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
7764 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
7768 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
7770 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
7774 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
7776 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
7778 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
7788 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
7789 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
7797 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
7799 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
7801 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
7803 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
7805 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
7807 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
7811 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
7817 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
7825 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
7827 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
7833 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
7843 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
7845 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
7847 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
7849 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
7851 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
7861 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
7867 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
7875 =item Organization of Perl Images
7881 =item Perl Extensions
7883 =item Installing static extensions
7885 =item Installing dynamic extensions
7889 =item File specifications
7895 =item Wildcard expansion
7901 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
7907 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
7909 =item Command line switches
7915 =item Perl functions
7917 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
7918 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
7919 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
7920 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
7922 =item Perl variables
7924 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
7926 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
7940 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
7948 =item Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
7950 =item Stratus POSIX Support
7954 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
7958 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
7960 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
7964 =item USING PERL IN VOS
7968 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
7970 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
7974 =item SUPPORT STATUS
7982 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
7992 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
7994 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC
7998 =item Testing Perl on Win32
8000 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
8002 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
8004 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
8005 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
8006 Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things
8010 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
8014 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
8015 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
8016 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8024 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8026 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8038 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8048 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8049 data structures between threads
8061 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
8062 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8074 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8083 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8084 threads->self, $thread->tid
8088 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
8091 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8095 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
8096 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
8102 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8112 =item Built-in Attributes
8114 locked, method, lvalue
8116 =item Available Subroutines
8120 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8122 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8124 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8132 =item Default exports
8134 =item Available exports
8136 =item Export tags defined
8146 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8158 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8174 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8188 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8202 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8215 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8224 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8226 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8228 =item charnames::vianame(code)
8230 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
8236 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8248 =item List constants
8250 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8252 =item Magic constants
8256 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8266 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8277 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8279 =item The I<splain> Program
8293 =head2 encoding - pragma to control the conversion of legacy data into
8302 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8308 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8322 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8332 =item subpragma access
8338 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
8352 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8363 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8373 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8383 =item Adding directories to @INC
8385 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8387 =item Restoring original @INC
8399 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8410 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
8418 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8420 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8426 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8438 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8448 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8450 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8452 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8454 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8456 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8458 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8460 =item Overloadable Operations
8462 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8463 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8464 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8466 =item Inheritance and overloading
8468 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8469 is inherited by derived classes
8473 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8481 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8483 =item Copy Constructor
8489 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8491 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8492 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8493 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8496 =item Losing overloading
8498 =item Run-time Overloading
8500 =item Public functions
8502 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8504 =item Overloading constants
8506 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8508 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8510 =item Metaphor clash
8516 =item Two-face scalars
8518 =item Two-face references
8520 =item Symbolic calculator
8522 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8530 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8531 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8537 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8547 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8559 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8561 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8565 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8569 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
8577 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
8587 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
8595 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
8599 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
8609 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8618 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8619 threads->self, $thread->tid
8623 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
8626 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8630 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
8631 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
8637 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
8638 structures between threads
8650 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
8651 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8663 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
8674 =item Utility functions
8676 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
8677 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
8685 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
8695 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
8703 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
8707 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
8715 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
8716 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
8717 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
8718 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
8719 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
8723 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
8733 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
8735 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
8745 =item DBM Comparisons
8755 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
8765 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
8769 =item Typed lexicals
8771 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
8773 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
8775 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
8777 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
8785 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
8786 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
8787 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
8788 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
8789 be able to apply END handler>
8799 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
8809 =item Subroutine Stubs
8811 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
8813 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
8815 =item Package Lexicals
8817 =item Not Using AutoLoader
8819 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
8829 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
8837 $keep, $check, $modtime
8841 =item Multiple packages
8849 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
8857 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
8861 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
8869 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
8883 =item B::PVMG METHODS
8887 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
8889 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
8891 =item B::PVLV METHODS
8893 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
8897 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
8901 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
8902 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
8906 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
8907 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
8911 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
8915 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
8920 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
8922 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
8926 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
8928 =item B::UNOP METHOD
8932 =item B::BINOP METHOD
8936 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
8940 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
8944 =item B::PMOP METHODS
8946 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
8947 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
8949 =item B::SVOP METHOD
8953 =item B::PADOP METHOD
8957 =item B::PVOP METHOD
8961 =item B::LOOP METHODS
8963 redoop, nextop, lastop
8965 =item B::COP METHODS
8967 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
8971 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
8973 main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
8974 regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP,
8975 METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE,
8976 PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c,
8977 cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
8983 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
8992 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
8998 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9010 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9030 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9040 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9041 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9042 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9052 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9062 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9063 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9064 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9075 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9085 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9086 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9087 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
9099 =item Context of ".."
9103 =item Deprecated features
9111 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
9121 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
9122 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
9123 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
9125 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
9127 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
9128 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
9129 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
9130 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
9131 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
9132 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
9133 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
9134 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
9140 =item OP flags abbreviations
9142 =item OP class abbreviations
9146 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
9152 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
9164 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
9174 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
9175 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
9177 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
9187 =item ambient_pragmas
9189 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
9201 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
9213 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
9221 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
9223 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
9224 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
9226 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9236 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9246 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9252 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9264 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9276 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9278 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9290 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9300 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
9308 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9328 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9342 =item Standard Exports
9344 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9345 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9346 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9348 =item Optional Exports
9350 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9351 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9352 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9368 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9372 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9386 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9396 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9397 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9398 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9408 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9420 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9422 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9424 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9426 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9428 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9430 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9432 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9434 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9436 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9438 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9440 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9442 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9444 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9446 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9448 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9450 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9452 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9454 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9455 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9459 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9460 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9463 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9465 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9466 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9471 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9475 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9477 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9479 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9481 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9483 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9485 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9487 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9489 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9490 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9492 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9496 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9500 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9502 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9504 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9506 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9508 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9510 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9511 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9513 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9517 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9521 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9523 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9525 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9527 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9531 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9533 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9535 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9539 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9541 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
9545 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
9549 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
9553 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
9557 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
9561 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
9563 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
9565 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
9569 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
9571 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
9572 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
9574 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
9580 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
9581 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
9583 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
9585 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
9586 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
9589 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
9595 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
9599 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
9601 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
9602 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
9603 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
9604 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
9605 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
9606 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
9608 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
9610 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
9615 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
9617 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
9619 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
9620 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
9622 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
9624 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9628 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
9629 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
9630 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
9631 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
9632 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
9633 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
9634 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
9635 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
9636 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
9637 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
9638 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
9639 ...and many many more..
9641 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
9649 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
9659 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9667 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
9676 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
9678 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
9682 =item Changing the default message
9686 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
9696 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
9704 =item USING CGI::Cookie
9706 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
9710 =item Creating New Cookies
9712 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
9714 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
9716 =item Manipulating Cookies
9718 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
9722 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9730 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
9738 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
9740 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
9742 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
9744 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
9746 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
9748 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
9752 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9760 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
9770 =item Tags that won't be formatted
9772 =item Customizing the Indenting
9784 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
9792 =item USING CGI::Push
9794 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
9798 =item Heterogeneous Pages
9800 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
9804 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
9806 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9814 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
9824 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9832 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
9840 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9846 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
9856 =item Interactive Mode
9858 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
9859 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
9860 distribution, ls author, Signals
9868 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
9870 =item Programmer's interface
9872 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
9874 =item Methods in the other Classes
9876 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
9877 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
9878 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
9879 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
9880 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
9881 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
9882 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
9883 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
9884 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
9885 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
9886 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
9887 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
9888 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
9889 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
9890 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
9891 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
9892 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
9893 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
9894 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
9895 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
9896 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
9897 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
9898 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
9899 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
9900 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
9901 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
9909 =item Finding packages and VERSION
9913 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
9919 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
9920 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
9921 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
9922 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
9926 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
9928 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
9936 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
9938 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
9942 =item Three basic types of firewalls
9944 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
9946 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
9952 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
9964 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
9974 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
9987 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
9997 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10005 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10007 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10017 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10018 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10019 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10021 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10029 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10039 =item The C<struct()> function
10041 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10043 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10045 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10046 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10048 =item Initializing with C<new>
10054 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10056 =item Author and Modification History
10060 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10068 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
10080 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
10084 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
10085 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
10086 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
10091 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
10092 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
10096 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
10097 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
10098 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
10099 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
10100 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
10101 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
10105 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
10106 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
10107 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
10108 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
10109 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
10110 C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>,
10111 C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>,
10112 C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>,
10113 C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>,
10114 C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>,
10115 C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
10116 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
10117 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
10118 C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
10119 C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
10120 C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>,
10121 C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>,
10122 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
10123 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>,
10124 C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
10125 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
10126 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
10127 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
10128 C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>,
10129 C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
10130 C<d_htonl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
10131 C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>,
10132 C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
10133 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
10134 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
10135 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
10136 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
10137 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
10138 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
10139 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
10140 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
10141 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
10142 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
10143 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
10144 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
10145 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
10146 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
10147 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
10148 C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>,
10149 C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>,
10150 C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>,
10151 C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
10152 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>,
10153 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
10154 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
10155 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
10156 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>,
10157 C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
10158 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setpwent>,
10159 C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>,
10160 C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
10161 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
10162 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
10163 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
10164 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
10165 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
10166 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
10167 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
10168 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
10169 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>,
10170 C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>,
10171 C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>,
10172 C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
10173 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
10174 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
10175 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
10176 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
10177 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>,
10178 C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
10179 C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>,
10180 C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
10181 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
10182 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
10186 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
10187 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
10191 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
10192 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
10197 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
10198 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>,
10203 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
10207 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
10208 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
10209 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_fp>,
10210 C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
10211 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
10212 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
10213 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
10214 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
10215 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
10216 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
10217 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
10218 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
10219 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
10220 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
10221 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
10222 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
10223 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
10224 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
10225 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
10226 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
10227 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
10228 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
10229 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
10230 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
10234 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
10238 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
10239 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
10240 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
10241 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
10242 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
10243 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
10247 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10248 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10249 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10253 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10254 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10258 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10259 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10260 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
10261 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10265 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10266 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10270 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10271 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10275 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10276 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10277 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10278 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10282 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10286 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
10287 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10291 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10292 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
10293 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
10294 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
10295 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
10296 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10297 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10298 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10299 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10300 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10301 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
10302 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
10303 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
10304 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10308 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10309 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
10313 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10314 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10315 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10316 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10317 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10318 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10319 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10320 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10321 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10325 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10326 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10327 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10328 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10332 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10336 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10348 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10358 =item getcwd and friends
10360 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10362 =item abs_path and friends
10364 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10376 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10388 =item Global Variables
10390 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10391 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10396 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10397 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10399 =item Client Callback Methods
10401 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10402 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10403 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10413 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10421 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10425 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10427 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10429 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10431 =item Default Parameters
10433 =item In Memory Databases
10441 =item A Simple Example
10449 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10451 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10453 =item The get_dup() Method
10455 =item The find_dup() Method
10457 =item The del_dup() Method
10459 =item Matching Partial Keys
10467 =item The 'bval' Option
10469 =item A Simple Example
10471 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10473 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10474 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10475 length, elements);>
10477 =item Another Example
10481 =item THE API INTERFACE
10483 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10484 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10485 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10486 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10490 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10491 B<filter_fetch_value>
10497 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10499 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10503 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10507 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10509 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10511 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
10513 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
10515 =item The untie() Gotcha
10519 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
10523 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
10525 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
10527 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
10529 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
10549 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
10550 printing and C<eval>
10562 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
10563 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
10564 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
10571 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
10573 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10574 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10575 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10576 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10577 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10578 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10579 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10580 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10581 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10582 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10583 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10584 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10585 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10586 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10587 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
10607 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
10615 =item PROFILE FORMAT
10627 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
10649 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
10659 =item Runtime debugging
10661 =item Memory footprint debugging
10669 =item A simple scalar string
10671 =item A simple scalar number
10673 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
10675 =item A reference to a simple scalar
10677 =item A reference to an array
10679 =item A reference to a hash
10681 =item Dumping a large array or hash
10683 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
10685 =item A reference to a subroutine
10699 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
10709 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
10717 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
10721 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
10722 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
10723 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
10731 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
10741 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
10745 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
10746 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
10758 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
10770 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
10782 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
10783 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
10784 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
10789 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
10790 veryCompact, set, get
10796 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
10804 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
10805 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
10806 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
10807 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
10814 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
10827 =head2 Encode - character encodings
10845 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
10847 =item Types of Encodings
10849 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
10850 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
10852 =item Specifying Encodings
10854 1. By name, 2. As an object
10856 =item Encoding Names
10858 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFCs, The name in the IANA registry, The
10859 name used by the organization that defined it
10863 =item PERL ENCODING API
10867 =item Generic Encoding Interface
10869 =item Handling Malformed Data
10871 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
10875 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
10877 =item Listing available encodings
10879 =item Defining Aliases
10881 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
10884 =item Defining Encodings
10888 =item Encoding and IO
10890 =item Encoding How to ...
10892 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
10893 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
10895 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
10897 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
10899 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
10901 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
10902 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
10906 =item Compiled Encodings
10908 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
10909 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
10917 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
10919 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Tcl, Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
10921 =head2 Encode::lib::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding
10922 tables of the Encode extension
10928 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
10936 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
10942 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
10950 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
10963 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
10978 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
10994 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
11004 =item How to Export
11006 =item Selecting What To Export
11008 =item How to Import
11010 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
11014 =item Advanced features
11018 =item Specialised Import Lists
11020 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
11022 =item Module Version Checking
11024 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
11026 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
11028 =item Generating combined tags
11030 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
11036 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
11046 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
11067 mv source... destination
11069 cp source... destination
11087 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
11097 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
11107 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
11109 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
11113 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
11121 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
11124 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
11126 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
11128 WriteMakefileSnippet
11130 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
11131 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
11139 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
11151 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
11152 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
11162 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
11172 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
11184 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
11185 packlist(), version()
11193 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
11201 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
11207 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
11217 =item VMS implementation
11219 =item Win32 implementation
11227 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11228 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11240 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11241 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11249 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
11253 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11254 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11280 test_via_harness (o)
11282 tool_autosplit (override)
11300 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11301 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11315 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11327 =item Preloaded methods
11347 =item SelfLoaded methods
11393 file_name_is_absolute
11399 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
11439 maybe_command_in_dirs
11467 post_initialize (o)
11479 replace_manpage_separator
11493 test_via_harness (o)
11495 test_via_script (o)
11525 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11526 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11536 =item Methods always loaded
11548 =item SelfLoaded methods
11550 guess_name (override)
11554 find_perl (override)
11558 maybe_command (override)
11560 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
11562 perl_script (override)
11564 file_name_is_absolute (override)
11566 replace_manpage_separator
11568 init_others (override)
11570 constants (override)
11574 const_cccmd (override)
11576 pm_to_blib (override)
11578 tool_autosplit (override)
11580 tool_sxubpp (override)
11582 xsubpp_version (override)
11584 tools_other (override)
11594 top_targets (override)
11598 dynamic_lib (override)
11600 dynamic_bs (override)
11602 static_lib (override)
11604 manifypods (override)
11606 processPL (override)
11608 installbin (override)
11610 subdir_x (override)
11614 realclean (override)
11616 dist_basics (override)
11618 dist_core (override)
11620 dist_dir (override)
11622 dist_test (override)
11626 perldepend (override)
11628 makefile (override)
11632 test_via_harness (override)
11634 test_via_script (override)
11636 makeaperl (override)
11638 nicetext (override)
11640 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11641 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11667 test_via_harness (o)
11669 tool_autosplit (override)
11687 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
11697 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
11699 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
11707 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
11711 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
11713 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
11715 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
11717 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
11719 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
11720 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
11721 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
11722 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
11723 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
11724 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
11725 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
11726 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
11727 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
11728 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
11729 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE,
11730 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERM_RW,
11731 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
11732 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PRINT,
11733 PRINT_PREREQ, SKIP, TEST_LIBS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
11734 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
11736 =item Additional lowercase attributes
11738 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
11741 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
11743 =item Hintsfile support
11745 =item Distribution Support
11747 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
11748 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
11749 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
11751 =item Disabling an extension
11757 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
11765 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
11773 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
11777 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
11781 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
11782 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
11786 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
11794 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
11806 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
11816 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
11825 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
11833 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
11845 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
11853 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
11863 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
11875 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
11885 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
11889 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
11897 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
11901 C<basename>, C<dirname>
11905 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
11915 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
11929 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
11939 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
11941 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
11953 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
11963 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
11975 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
11983 B<find>, B<finddepth>
11989 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
11990 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
11991 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
11993 =item The wanted function
11995 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
11996 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
11997 pathname to the file
12005 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
12013 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
12021 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
12022 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
12023 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
12027 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
12035 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
12047 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
12057 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
12058 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
12059 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
12067 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
12077 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
12111 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
12129 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
12157 file_name_is_absolute
12187 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
12197 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
12230 file_name_is_absolute
12252 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
12268 =item Methods always loaded
12270 canonpath (override)
12288 case_tolerant (override)
12292 file_name_is_absolute (override)
12294 splitpath (override)
12296 splitdir (override)
12310 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
12340 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
12364 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
12378 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
12388 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
12396 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
12404 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
12406 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
12418 =item Temporary files and NFS
12430 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
12444 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
12456 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
12464 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
12470 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
12484 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
12486 =item All-in-one interface
12488 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
12490 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
12493 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
12495 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
12496 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
12497 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
12499 described in the previous section.
12501 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
12503 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
12515 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
12525 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
12529 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
12531 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
12539 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
12541 =item Example 2: Using the context
12543 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
12545 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
12549 =item Filter::Simple
12557 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
12565 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
12577 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
12593 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
12601 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
12603 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
12607 =item Simple options
12609 =item A little bit less simple options
12611 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
12613 =item Options with values
12615 =item Options with multiple values
12617 =item Options with hash values
12619 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
12621 =item Options with multiple names
12623 =item Case and abbreviations
12625 =item Summary of Option Specifications
12627 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
12631 =item Advanced Possibilities
12635 =item Object oriented interface
12637 =item Documentation and help texts
12639 =item Storing options in a hash
12643 =item The lonesome dash
12645 =item Argument callback
12649 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
12651 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
12652 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
12653 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
12654 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
12655 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
12657 =item Return values and Errors
12663 =item Default destinations
12665 =item Alternative option starters
12667 =item Configuration variables
12671 =item Trouble Shooting
12675 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
12677 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
12680 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
12682 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
12688 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12692 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
12703 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
12714 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
12725 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
12727 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
12729 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
12731 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
12733 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
12735 the function super_languages($lang1)
12737 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
12739 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
12741 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
12743 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
12747 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
12749 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
12759 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
12767 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
12769 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
12771 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
12772 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
12773 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
12774 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
12775 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
12776 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
12777 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
12778 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
12779 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
12780 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
12781 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
12782 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
12783 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
12784 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
12785 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
12786 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
12787 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
12788 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
12789 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
12790 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
12791 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
12792 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
12793 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
12794 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
12795 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
12796 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
12797 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
12798 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
12799 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
12800 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
12801 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
12802 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
12803 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
12804 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
12805 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
12806 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
12807 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
12808 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
12809 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
12810 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
12811 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
12812 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
12813 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
12814 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
12815 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
12816 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
12817 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
12818 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
12819 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
12820 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
12821 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
12822 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
12823 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
12824 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
12825 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
12826 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
12827 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
12828 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
12829 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
12830 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
12831 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
12832 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
12833 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
12834 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
12835 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
12836 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
12837 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
12838 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
12839 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
12840 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
12841 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
12842 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
12843 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
12844 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
12845 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
12846 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
12847 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
12848 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
12849 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
12850 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
12851 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
12852 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
12853 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
12854 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
12855 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
12856 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
12857 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
12858 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
12859 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
12860 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
12861 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
12862 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
12863 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
12864 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
12865 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
12866 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
12867 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
12868 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
12869 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
12870 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
12871 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
12872 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
12873 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
12874 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
12875 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
12876 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
12877 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
12878 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
12879 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
12880 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
12881 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
12882 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
12883 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
12884 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
12885 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
12886 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
12887 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
12888 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
12889 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
12893 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12899 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
12917 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
12921 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
12931 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
12939 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
12940 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
12950 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
12960 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
12964 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
12972 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
12982 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
12986 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
12987 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
12988 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
12989 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
13001 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
13011 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
13015 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
13025 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
13035 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
13036 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
13046 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
13054 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
13055 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
13064 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
13074 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
13078 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
13079 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
13080 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
13090 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
13104 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
13105 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
13115 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
13131 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
13144 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
13158 hostpath(), peerpath()
13168 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
13177 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
13178 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
13188 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
13198 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
13202 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
13210 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
13221 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
13225 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
13226 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
13227 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
13228 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
13240 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
13250 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
13254 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
13264 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
13274 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
13275 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
13285 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
13294 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
13295 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
13304 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
13315 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
13319 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
13320 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
13321 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
13331 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
13346 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
13347 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
13357 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
13358 AF_INET domain sockets
13374 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
13387 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
13388 AF_UNIX domain sockets
13402 hostpath(), peerpath()
13412 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
13422 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
13423 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
13434 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
13448 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
13461 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
13471 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
13472 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
13473 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
13484 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
13502 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
13512 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
13513 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
13524 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
13535 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
13536 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
13537 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
13548 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
13556 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
13557 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
13561 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
13567 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
13568 general-utility list subroutines
13576 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
13577 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
13581 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
13587 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
13588 general-utility scalar subroutines
13596 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
13597 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
13607 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
13615 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13619 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
13627 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
13635 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
13637 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13639 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
13640 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
13642 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13644 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
13646 =item CODE ALIASING
13652 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13656 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
13657 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
13658 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
13659 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
13667 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
13668 identification (ISO 4217)
13678 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13680 code2currency(), currency2code()
13682 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13684 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
13688 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13692 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
13693 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
13701 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
13710 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13712 code2language(), language2code()
13714 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13716 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
13720 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13724 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
13725 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
13733 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
13741 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
13747 =item Construction Methods
13749 =item The "maketext" Method
13751 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
13753 =item Utility Methods
13755 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
13756 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
13757 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
13758 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
13760 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
13764 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
13766 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
13768 =item BRACKET NOTATION
13770 =item AUTO LEXICONS
13772 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
13774 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
13778 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13784 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
13792 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
13796 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
13798 =item The Linguistic View
13800 =item Breaking gettext
13802 =item Replacing gettext
13804 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
13806 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
13808 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
13810 =item Buzzword: Concision
13812 =item The Devil in the Details
13814 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
13822 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
13830 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
13834 =item SPECIAL CODES
13838 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13840 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
13841 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
13843 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13845 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
13849 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13853 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
13854 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
13862 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
13870 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
13874 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
13882 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
13883 of quoted-printable strings
13891 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
13897 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
13906 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
13912 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
13922 =item Canonical notation
13926 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
13928 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
13932 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
13933 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
13941 =item Autocreating constants
13947 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
13955 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
13963 Canonical notation, Input, Output
13965 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
13975 =item Rounding mode R
13977 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
13978 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
13979 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
13992 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
14000 =item Autocreating constants
14006 =item Alternative math libraries
14012 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
14016 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
14017 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
14028 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
14038 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
14042 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
14044 the same terms as Perl itself.
14052 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
14065 =item STRINGIFICATION
14069 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
14075 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
14077 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
14085 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
14093 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
14099 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
14101 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
14105 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
14107 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
14111 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
14113 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
14115 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
14116 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
14120 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
14126 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
14136 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
14154 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
14156 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
14160 =item OTHER FACILITIES
14166 =item C<flush_cache>
14172 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
14174 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
14182 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14188 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
14197 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
14208 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
14220 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
14228 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
14236 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
14245 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
14254 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
14262 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
14270 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14276 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14280 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14284 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
14294 =item Enforcing redispatch
14296 =item Avoiding repetitions
14302 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
14308 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
14318 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
14321 =item CLASS METHODS
14323 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
14324 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
14325 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
14335 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
14345 requires_firewall HOST
14347 =item NetConfig VALUES
14349 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
14350 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
14351 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
14355 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
14364 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
14372 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
14384 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
14388 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
14389 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
14390 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
14391 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
14392 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
14393 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
14394 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
14395 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
14396 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
14397 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
14398 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
14399 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
14400 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
14404 =item Methods for the adventurous
14410 =item THE dataconn CLASS
14412 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
14413 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
14415 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
14417 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
14419 =item REPORTING BUGS
14427 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
14435 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
14445 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
14449 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
14450 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
14451 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
14452 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
14453 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
14458 =item Extension methods
14460 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
14461 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
14462 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
14463 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
14472 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
14482 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
14494 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
14498 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
14499 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
14500 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
14501 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
14513 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
14525 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);,
14526 $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->open($host);,
14527 $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
14541 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
14553 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
14557 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
14558 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
14559 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
14560 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
14561 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
14562 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
14573 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
14581 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
14582 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
14590 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
14607 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
14615 =item Where to get this document
14617 =item How to contribute to this document
14621 =item Author and Copyright Information
14629 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
14633 =item What is libnet ?
14635 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
14637 =item What other modules do I need ?
14639 =item What machines support libnet ?
14641 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
14645 =item Using Net::FTP
14649 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
14651 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
14653 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
14655 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
14658 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
14660 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
14662 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
14664 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
14666 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
14668 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
14671 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
14673 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
14676 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
14679 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
14683 =item Using Net::SMTP
14687 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
14690 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
14692 =item The verify method always returns true ?
14696 =item Debugging scripts
14700 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
14704 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
14708 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
14725 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
14740 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
14757 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
14765 =item THE .netrc FILE
14767 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
14772 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
14776 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
14786 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
14796 =item IMPLEMENTATION
14802 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
14810 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14816 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14820 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14824 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
14836 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
14838 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
14839 or optag, an operator set (opset)
14841 =item Opcode Functions
14843 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
14844 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
14845 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
14848 =item Manipulating Opsets
14850 =item TO DO (maybe)
14856 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
14858 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
14859 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
14860 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
14869 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
14878 a new namespace, an operator mask
14884 =item RECENT CHANGES
14886 =item Methods in class Safe
14888 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
14889 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
14890 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
14891 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
14893 =item Some Safety Issues
14895 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
14903 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
14916 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
14930 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
14931 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
14932 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
14933 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
14934 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
14935 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
14936 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
14937 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
14938 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
14939 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
14940 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
14941 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
14942 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
14943 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
14944 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
14945 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
14946 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
14947 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
14948 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
14949 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
14950 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
14951 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
14952 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
14953 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
14954 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
14961 =item POSIX::SigAction
14965 =item POSIX::SigSet
14967 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
14969 =item POSIX::Termios
14971 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
14972 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
14973 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
14974 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
14975 values, c_oflag field values
14979 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
14983 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
14987 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
15041 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
15042 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
15046 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
15055 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
15059 =item Defaults and how to override them
15069 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
15079 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
15087 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
15088 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
15089 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
15090 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
15091 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
15092 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
15093 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
15097 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
15103 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
15109 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
15115 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
15127 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
15128 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
15129 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
15130 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
15131 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
15132 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
15133 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
15134 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
15139 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
15140 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
15141 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
15142 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
15143 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
15144 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
15148 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
15149 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
15161 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
15163 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
15166 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
15168 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
15170 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
15172 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
15174 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
15182 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
15194 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
15196 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
15203 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
15209 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
15211 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
15218 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
15230 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
15240 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
15241 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
15256 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
15269 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
15270 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
15276 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
15300 =item B<was_cutting()>
15306 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
15312 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
15318 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
15324 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
15330 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15336 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
15342 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
15348 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
15354 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
15360 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
15366 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
15372 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
15378 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
15384 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
15390 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
15396 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15402 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
15408 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
15414 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
15420 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
15426 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
15432 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
15438 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
15444 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
15450 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
15456 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
15462 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
15468 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15474 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
15486 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
15498 =item OBJECT METHODS
15506 =item Data Accessors
15522 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
15524 B<StartWithNewPage>
15538 =item Subclassed methods
15552 B<interior_sequence>
15568 =item Methods for headings
15576 =item Internal methods
15582 B<_replace_special_chars>
15584 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
15590 B<_clean_latex_commands>
15592 B<_split_delimited>
15608 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
15616 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
15621 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
15622 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
15623 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
15634 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15638 =head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
15648 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15652 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
15666 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
15674 $list-E<gt>indent()
15682 $list-E<gt>parent()
15688 =item Pod::Hyperlink
15690 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
15694 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
15696 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
15700 $link-E<gt>warning()
15702 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
15708 $link-E<gt>alttext()
15718 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
15724 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
15728 =item Pod::Cache::Item
15730 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
15734 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
15736 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
15738 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
15740 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
15742 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
15744 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
15746 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
15756 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
15768 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15770 =item PARSING OPTIONS
15772 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
15773 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
15779 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
15787 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15793 =item B<verbatim()>
15795 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15801 =item B<textblock()>
15803 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15809 =item B<interior_sequence()>
15815 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
15827 =item B<initialize()>
15833 =item B<begin_pod()>
15839 =item B<begin_input()>
15845 =item B<end_input()>
15857 =item B<preprocess_line()>
15863 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
15869 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
15875 =item B<parse_text()>
15877 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
15878 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
15879 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
15885 =item B<interpolate()>
15891 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
15897 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
15903 =item B<parse_from_file()>
15909 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
15915 =item B<errorsub()>
15927 =item B<parseopts()>
15933 =item B<output_file()>
15939 =item B<output_handle()>
15945 =item B<input_file()>
15951 =item B<input_handle()>
15957 =item B<input_streams()>
15963 =item B<top_stream()>
15969 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
15975 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
15981 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
15987 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
15995 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
16015 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
16028 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
16030 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
16036 =item OBJECT METHODS
16042 =item B<curr_headings()>
16054 =item B<add_selection()>
16060 =item B<clear_selections()>
16066 =item B<match_section()>
16072 =item B<is_selected()>
16078 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
16084 =item B<podselect()>
16086 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
16092 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
16098 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
16104 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
16110 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
16122 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
16130 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
16134 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
16135 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
16136 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
16147 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16151 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
16165 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16169 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
16184 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16188 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
16189 text with format escapes
16203 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16207 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
16216 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
16225 =item Recommended Use
16233 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
16237 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
16244 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
16248 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
16252 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
16256 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
16262 =item OVER AND ITEMS
16264 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
16267 =item FORMATTING CODES
16269 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
16277 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
16285 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16291 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16295 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16299 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
16307 a new namespace, an operator mask
16313 =item RECENT CHANGES
16315 =item Methods in class Safe
16317 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16318 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16319 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16320 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16322 =item Some Safety Issues
16324 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16332 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
16340 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
16341 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
16351 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
16361 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
16371 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
16381 =item The __DATA__ token
16383 =item SelfLoader autoloading
16385 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
16387 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
16389 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
16391 =item Classes and inherited methods.
16395 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
16399 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
16409 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
16417 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
16418 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
16426 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
16427 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
16428 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
16429 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
16430 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
16434 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
16444 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
16448 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
16450 =item ERROR REPORTING
16458 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
16463 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
16464 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
16472 =item Storable magic
16490 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
16504 =item Allowing fall-through
16506 =item Automating fall-through
16508 =item Alternative syntax
16510 =item Higher-order Operations
16526 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
16536 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
16548 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
16549 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
16557 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
16558 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
16569 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
16570 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
16578 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
16579 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
16590 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
16600 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
16601 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
16602 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
16606 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
16620 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
16636 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
16638 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
16640 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
16642 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
16650 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16658 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
16666 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
16676 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
16677 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
16685 =item Minimal set of supported functions
16687 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
16688 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
16690 =item Additional supported functions
16692 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
16702 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
16728 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
16732 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
16742 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
16762 =item Setting up tests
16778 =item Running tests
16784 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
16786 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
16810 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
16822 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
16826 =item Test Status and Info
16834 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
16856 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
16866 =item The test script output
16868 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
16869 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
16874 =item Configuration variables.
16876 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
16880 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
16907 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
16908 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
16909 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
16910 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
16914 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
16915 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
16930 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
16956 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
16966 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
17004 B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
17020 B<_reset_file_state>
17040 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
17050 =item I love it when a plan comes together
17060 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
17100 =item Conditional tests
17106 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
17110 =item Comparison functions
17124 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
17134 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
17136 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
17149 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
17173 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
17182 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
17190 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
17192 =item Where to start?
17196 =item Test the manual
17198 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
17200 =item Testing lots of values
17202 =item Informative names
17204 =item Skipping tests
17208 =item Testing with taint mode.
17220 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
17232 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
17242 =item General behaviour in list contexts
17246 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
17248 =item A note about prefixes
17250 =item C<extract_delimited>
17252 =item C<extract_bracketed>
17254 =item C<extract_tagged>
17256 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
17257 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
17259 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
17261 =item C<extract_quotelike>
17263 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
17265 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
17267 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
17269 =item C<extract_codeblock>
17271 =item C<extract_multiple>
17273 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
17279 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
17280 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
17281 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
17282 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
17283 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
17284 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
17285 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
17286 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
17287 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
17288 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
17289 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
17290 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
17295 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
17301 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
17316 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
17333 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
17348 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
17364 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl
17376 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
17377 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
17378 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
17382 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
17390 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
17398 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
17400 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
17406 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
17414 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
17416 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
17420 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
17432 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
17442 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
17450 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
17451 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
17452 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
17453 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
17461 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
17470 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
17471 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
17472 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
17473 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
17475 =item MORE INFORMATION
17477 =item COMPATIBILITY
17481 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
17490 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
17491 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
17493 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
17495 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
17497 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
17499 =item MORE INFORMATION
17503 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
17511 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
17521 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
17539 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
17548 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
17550 =item MORE INFORMATION
17554 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
17566 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
17575 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
17576 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
17577 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
17578 getitimer ( $which )
17594 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
17602 =item IMPLEMENTATION
17608 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
17623 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
17638 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
17650 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
17658 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
17659 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
17663 =head2 Unicode::Collate - use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
17673 =item Constructor and Tailoring
17675 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
17676 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
17677 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
17679 =item Other methods
17681 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
17682 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
17683 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
17684 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
17685 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
17686 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
17687 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
17688 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
17700 Unicode Collation Algorithm - Unicode TR #10, L<Unicode::Normalize>
17704 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - normalized forms of Unicode text
17714 =item Normalization Forms
17716 C<$string_NFD = NFD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFC = NFC($raw_string)>,
17717 C<$string_NFKD = NFKD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFKC = NFKC($raw_string)>,
17718 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $raw_string)>
17720 =item Character Data
17722 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
17723 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>, C<$uv_composite =
17724 getComposite($uv_here, $uv_next)>, C<$combining_class =
17725 getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion = isExclusion($codepoint)>
17735 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/
17739 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
17781 =item Blocks versus Scripts
17783 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
17785 =item Code Point Arguments
17811 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
17817 =item Implementation Note
17829 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
17844 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
17855 =item System Specifics
17869 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
17877 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
17879 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
17880 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
17881 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
17882 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
17883 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
17884 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
17885 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
17886 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
17887 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
17888 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
17889 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
17890 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
17891 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
17892 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
17893 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
17894 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
17895 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
17901 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
17919 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
17931 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
17933 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
17934 don't all have manual pages yet:
17960 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles