4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
20 Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping,
21 Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability,
22 Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant,
23 Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM
24 implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular
25 expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability
41 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/04/24
46 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
47 About Perl, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, L<perlfaq3>:
48 Programming Tools, L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, L<perlfaq5>: Files and
49 Formats, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues,
50 L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, L<perlfaq9>: Networking
54 =item Where to get this document
56 =item How to contribute to this document
58 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
65 =item Author and Copyright Information
69 =item Noncommercial Reproduction
71 =item Commercial Reproduction
79 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
80 Initial Release: 11/March/97
82 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date:
83 1997/04/24 22:43:34 $)
91 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
93 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
95 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
97 =item How stable is Perl?
99 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
101 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
104 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
106 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
108 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
110 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
112 =item What is a JAPH?
114 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
116 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
117 (5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?
121 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
123 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.16 $,
124 $Date: 1997/04/23 18:04:09 $)
130 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
132 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
134 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
136 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
139 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
140 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
142 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
143 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
145 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
147 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
149 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?
151 =item Where should I post source code?
155 =item Perl in Magazines
157 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
159 =item What mailing lists are there for perl?
161 MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats
163 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
167 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
169 =item Where do I send bug reports?
171 =item What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute?
173 =item How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
177 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
179 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
186 =item How do I do (anything)?
188 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
190 =item Is there a Perl shell?
192 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
194 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
196 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
198 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
200 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
202 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
204 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
206 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
208 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
210 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
212 =item Can I dynamically load C routines into Perl?
214 =item What is undump?
216 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
218 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
220 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
222 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
224 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
226 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
228 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
230 =item How can I get '#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
232 =item Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?
234 =item Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
236 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
238 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
240 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
242 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
243 my C program, what am I doing wrong?
245 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
248 =item What's MakeMaker?
252 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
254 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.19 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
263 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
264 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
266 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
268 =item Does perl have a round function? What about ceil() and floor()?
271 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
273 =item How do I multiply matrices?
275 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
277 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
279 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
287 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
289 =item How can I compare two date strings?
291 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
293 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
295 =item Does Perl have a year 2000 problem?
303 =item How do I validate input?
305 =item How do I unescape a string?
307 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
309 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
311 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
313 =item How do I reverse a string?
315 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
317 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
319 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
321 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
323 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
326 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
328 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
329 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
331 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
333 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
335 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
337 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
339 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
341 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
343 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
344 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
353 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
355 =item How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
357 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:, b) If you don't know
358 whether @in is sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only small integers:,
359 d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in
360 contains only small positive integers:
362 =item How can I tell whether an array contains a certain element?
364 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
365 intersection of two arrays?
367 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
369 =item How do I handle linked lists?
371 =item How do I handle circular lists?
373 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
375 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
377 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
379 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
381 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
383 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
385 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
389 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
393 =item How do I process an entire hash?
395 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
398 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
400 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
402 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
404 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
406 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
408 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
410 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
412 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
414 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
416 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
418 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
421 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
422 array of hashes or arrays?
424 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
432 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
434 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
436 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
438 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
440 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
442 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
446 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
448 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
455 =item How do I flush/unbuffer a filehandle? Why must I do this?
457 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
458 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
460 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
462 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
464 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
466 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
467 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
469 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
471 =item How can I write() into a string?
473 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
475 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
477 =item How come when I open the file read-write it wipes it out?
479 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
481 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
483 =item How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>" or trailing blanks?
485 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
487 =item How can I lock a file?
489 =item What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
491 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
492 the file. How can I do this?
494 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
496 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
498 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
500 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
502 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
504 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
506 =item How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
508 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
510 =item How do I create a file only if it doesn't exist?
512 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
514 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
516 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
518 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
519 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
521 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
523 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
524 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
526 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
530 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
532 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:10 $)
538 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
539 and unmaintainable code?
541 Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different
544 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
546 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
549 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
551 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
554 =item How can I make C<\w> match accented characters?
556 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
558 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
560 =item What is C</o> really for?
562 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
565 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
567 =item What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it?
569 =item How do I process each word on each line?
571 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
573 =item How can I do approximate matching?
575 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
577 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
579 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
581 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
583 =item Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
585 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
587 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
591 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
593 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date:
594 1997/04/24 22:44:14 $)
600 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
602 =item What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
605 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
608 =item How do I skip some return values?
610 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
612 =item What's an extension?
614 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
616 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
618 =item How do I create a module?
620 =item How do I create a class?
622 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
624 =item What's a closure?
626 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
628 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
631 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps,
634 =item How do I create a static variable?
636 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
637 Between local() and my()?
639 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
642 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
644 =item Why doesn't "local($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
646 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
648 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
650 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
652 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
654 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
656 =item How can I find out my current package?
658 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
662 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
664 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
671 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
673 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
675 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
677 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
679 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
681 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
683 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
685 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
687 =item How do I start a process in the background?
689 STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
691 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
693 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
695 =item How do I set the time and date?
697 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
699 =item How can I measure time under a second?
701 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
703 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
704 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
706 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
708 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
710 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
712 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
714 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
716 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
718 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
720 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
722 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
724 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
727 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
729 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
731 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
733 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
736 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
737 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
738 changes to be visible?
742 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
745 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
747 =item How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
749 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
751 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
753 =item How do I set CPU limits?
755 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
757 =item How do I use an SQL database?
759 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
761 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
763 =item How do I install a CPAN module?
765 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
767 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
770 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
774 =item How do I get one key from the terminal at a time, under POSIX?
776 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
782 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
785 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
787 =item How do I extract URLs?
789 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
790 file on another machine?
792 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
794 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
796 =item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
798 =item How do I redirect to another page?
800 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
802 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
804 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
805 CGI script to do bad things?
807 =item How do I parse an email header?
809 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
811 =item How do I check a valid email address?
813 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
815 =item How do I return the user's email address?
817 =item How do I send/read mail?
819 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
821 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
823 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
825 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
829 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
831 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date: 1997/04/23 18:12:06
838 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
841 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
843 =item How do I extract URLs?
845 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
846 file on another machine?
848 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
850 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
852 =item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
854 =item How do I redirect to another page?
856 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
858 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
860 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
861 CGI script to do bad things?
863 =item How do I parse an email header?
865 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
867 =item How do I check a valid email address?
869 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
871 =item How do I return the user's email address?
873 =item How do I send/read mail?
875 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
877 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
879 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
881 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
885 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
887 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
891 =item Supported Environments
897 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
899 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
901 =item Limitations on B<-M>, and C<-m>, and B<-T> options
903 =item More precise warnings
905 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
907 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
909 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
911 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
913 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
915 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
917 =item Changes to tainting checks
919 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
921 =item Embedding improvements
923 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
925 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
927 =item New and changed builtin constants
931 =item New and changed builtin variables
935 =item New and changed builtin functions
937 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
938 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
939 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//g> does not
940 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
941 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
943 =item New builtin methods
945 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
947 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
949 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
950 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
952 =item Malloc enhancements
954 -DDEBUGGING_MSTATS, -DEMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
956 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
962 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
963 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
969 =item Required Updates
971 =item Installation directories
973 =item Module information summary
987 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
991 =item Utility Changes
997 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
1001 =item C Language API Changes
1003 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
1006 =item Documentation Changes
1008 L<perldelta>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>, L<perldebug>,
1011 =item New Diagnostics
1013 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
1014 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
1015 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
1016 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
1017 Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot
1018 resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine
1019 %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return
1020 a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long,
1021 Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s,
1022 Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal
1023 error: glob failed, Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack:
1024 '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in
1025 formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during
1026 request for %s, Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible
1027 attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written
1028 as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in
1029 package `%s', Too late for "B<-T>" option, untie attempted while %d inner
1030 references still exist, Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function
1031 fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s
1032 can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable
1033 "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical
1034 name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed
1035 PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s
1043 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1049 =item Variable names
1055 =item Scalar value constructors
1057 =item List value constructors
1059 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1063 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1071 =item Simple statements
1073 =item Compound statements
1081 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1085 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1087 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1091 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1099 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1101 =item The Arrow Operator
1103 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1105 =item Exponentiation
1107 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1109 =item Binding Operators
1111 =item Multiplicative Operators
1113 =item Additive Operators
1115 =item Shift Operators
1117 =item Named Unary Operators
1119 =item Relational Operators
1121 =item Equality Operators
1125 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1127 =item C-style Logical And
1129 =item C-style Logical Or
1131 =item Range Operator
1133 =item Conditional Operator
1135 =item Assignment Operators
1137 =item Comma Operator
1139 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1145 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
1147 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1149 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1151 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1153 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1155 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1156 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1157 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1158 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
1162 =item Constant Folding
1164 =item Integer Arithmetic
1166 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1170 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1178 =item Regular Expressions
1180 (?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx)
1184 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1186 =item WARNING on \1 vs $1
1190 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
1198 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
1200 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh
1204 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<number>,
1205 B<-D>I<list>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
1206 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
1207 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
1208 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
1209 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I<directory>
1215 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB,
1216 PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
1218 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1222 I<THERE IS NO GENERAL RULE FOR CONVERTING A LIST INTO A SCALAR!>
1226 =item Perl Functions by Category
1228 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1229 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1230 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1231 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1232 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1233 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1234 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1235 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1236 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1237 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1240 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1242 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1243 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1244 binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
1245 chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
1246 chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
1247 close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK,
1248 cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE,
1249 defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do
1250 SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (),
1251 eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR,
1252 exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
1253 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
1254 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
1255 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
1256 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
1257 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
1258 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
1259 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
1260 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
1261 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
1262 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
1263 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
1264 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
1265 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
1266 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst
1267 EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
1268 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log EXPR, log, lstat
1269 FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir
1270 FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS,
1271 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST,
1272 oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
1273 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, pipe
1274 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
1275 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
1276 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
1277 qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read
1278 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir
1279 DIRHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo
1280 LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require,
1281 reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE,
1282 rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///,
1283 scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
1284 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
1285 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1286 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1287 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1288 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1289 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1290 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1291 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1292 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1293 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
1294 split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
1295 srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
1296 sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET,
1297 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,
1298 sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1299 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1300 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, syswrite
1301 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell
1302 FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
1303 VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
1304 EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
1305 EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE,
1306 unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST,
1307 use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1308 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
1312 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1318 =item Predefined Names
1320 $ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digit>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1321 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
1322 EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
1323 $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH,
1324 $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1325 output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\,
1326 $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1327 format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1328 format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1329 format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE
1330 EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1331 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1332 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1333 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1334 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1335 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1336 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
1337 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $OSNAME,
1338 $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
1339 $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, %INC, $ENV{expr}, $SIG{expr}, $^M
1343 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1351 =item Private Variables via my()
1353 =item Temporary Values via local()
1355 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1357 =item Pass by Reference
1361 =item Constant Functions
1363 =item Overriding Builtin Functions
1371 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
1381 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
1391 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
1395 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
1399 =item Pragmatic Modules
1401 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), blib, diagnostics, integer, less,
1402 lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap, strict, subs, vmsish, vars
1404 =item Standard Modules
1406 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
1407 CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
1408 DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,
1409 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
1410 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
1411 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fcntl,
1412 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find,
1413 File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File,
1414 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File, IO::Handle,
1415 IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
1416 Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, NDBM_File, Net::Ping,
1417 Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode, Pod::Text,
1418 POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
1419 Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
1420 Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords,
1421 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash,
1422 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime,
1423 Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
1425 =item Extension Modules
1431 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
1432 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
1433 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
1434 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
1435 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
1436 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
1437 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
1438 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
1439 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
1440 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
1441 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
1442 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
1443 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America,
1446 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1450 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
1452 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
1453 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
1454 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
1455 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
1456 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
1457 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
1458 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
1459 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
1460 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
1461 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
1462 care when changing a released module
1464 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1466 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
1467 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
1468 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
1469 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
1471 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1473 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
1474 applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the
1475 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
1476 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
1477 can then be reduced to a small
1483 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1489 =item Format Variables
1499 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1505 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1510 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1516 =item The use locale pragma
1518 =item The setlocale function
1520 =item The localeconv function
1524 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1528 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1530 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1532 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1534 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1538 =item Other categories
1544 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
1545 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or <\U>),
1546 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
1547 B<In-memory formatting function> (sprintf()):, B<Output formatting
1548 functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping functions> (lc(),
1549 lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent functions>
1550 (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX character class
1551 tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
1552 ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
1557 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC,
1564 =item Backward compatibility
1566 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1568 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1570 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1572 =item Freely available locale definitions
1576 =item An imperfect standard
1584 =item Broken systems
1592 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1598 =item Symbolic references
1600 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1608 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
1612 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
1613 more elaborate constructs
1617 =item COMMON MISTAKES
1619 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
1621 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
1627 =item LISTS OF LISTS
1631 =item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
1633 =item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
1635 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
1639 =item HASHES OF LISTS
1643 =item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
1645 =item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
1647 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
1651 =item LISTS OF HASHES
1655 =item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
1657 =item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
1659 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
1663 =item HASHES OF HASHES
1667 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
1669 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
1671 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
1675 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1679 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1681 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1683 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1693 =head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
1697 =item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
1699 =item Growing Your Own
1701 =item Access and Printing
1709 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1713 =item Creating a Class
1717 =item Object Representation
1719 =item Class Interface
1721 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1723 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1727 =item Other Object Methods
1735 =item Accessing Class Data
1737 =item Debugging Methods
1739 =item Class Destructors
1741 =item Documenting the Interface
1751 =item Overridden Methods
1753 =item Multiple Inheritance
1755 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1759 =item Alternate Object Representations
1763 =item Arrays as Objects
1765 =item Closures as Objects
1769 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1773 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1775 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1779 =item Metaclassical Tools
1785 =item Data Members as Variables
1789 =item Object Terminology
1799 =item Acknowledgments
1803 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1809 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1811 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1813 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1815 =item Method Invocation
1817 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1819 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1827 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1833 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1843 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
1847 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1852 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1853 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1854 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
1856 =item Tying FileHandles
1858 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
1859 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
1861 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1871 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1875 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1877 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1879 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1881 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1883 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1885 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1887 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1889 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1891 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1893 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1897 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1898 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1906 =item Using open() for IPC
1912 =item Background Processes
1914 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1916 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1918 =item Bidirectional Communication
1922 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1926 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1928 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1930 =item UDP: Message Passing
1946 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
1950 =item The Perl Debugger
1954 =item Debugger Commands
1956 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
1957 [expr], E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
1958 subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
1959 t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
1960 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
1961 command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., C<recallCommand>,
1962 C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>,
1963 C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet>,
1964 C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>,
1965 C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<quote>,
1966 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
1967 C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ], E<lt>E<lt> command, E<gt> command,
1968 E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, !
1969 pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, = [alias value],
1970 command, m expr, m package
1972 =item Debugger input/output
1974 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
1976 =item Debugging compile-time statements
1978 =item Debugger Customization
1980 =item Readline Support
1982 =item Editor Support for Debugging
1984 =item The Perl Profiler
1986 =item Debugger support in perl
1988 =item Debugger Internals
1990 =item Other resources
1996 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2000 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2006 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2008 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2010 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2014 =item Protecting Your Programs
2018 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
2034 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
2036 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
2037 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
2038 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
2039 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
2041 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
2043 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
2044 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
2045 Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
2049 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
2051 =item Numerical Traps
2053 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
2055 =item General data type traps
2057 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants),
2058 (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
2060 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
2062 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
2064 =item Precedence Traps
2066 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
2069 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
2071 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
2072 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
2073 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
2075 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
2077 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
2083 =item Interpolation Traps
2085 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
2086 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
2092 =item Unclassified Traps
2098 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
2102 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
2106 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2108 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
2114 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
2118 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
2126 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
2127 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
2131 =item Compiling your C program
2133 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
2135 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
2137 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
2139 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
2141 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
2143 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
2145 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
2147 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
2158 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
2164 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
2165 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
2166 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
2167 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
2168 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(s,f)>,
2169 B<PerlIO_putc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
2170 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
2171 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
2172 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
2173 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
2177 =item Co-existence with stdio
2179 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
2180 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
2181 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
2182 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
2183 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
2184 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
2188 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
2198 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
2200 =item The Argument Stack
2202 =item The RETVAL Variable
2204 =item The MODULE Keyword
2206 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
2208 =item The PREFIX Keyword
2210 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
2212 =item The CODE: Keyword
2214 =item The INIT: Keyword
2216 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
2218 =item Initializing Function Parameters
2220 =item Default Parameter Values
2222 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
2224 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
2226 =item The INPUT: Keyword
2228 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
2230 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
2232 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
2234 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
2236 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
2238 =item The BOOT: Keyword
2240 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
2242 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
2244 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
2246 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
2248 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
2250 =item The CASE: Keyword
2252 =item The & Unary Operator
2254 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
2256 =item Using XS With C++
2258 =item Interface Strategy
2260 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
2272 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs
2278 =item VERSION CAVEAT
2280 =item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
2286 =item WHAT HAS GONE ON?
2288 =item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
2292 =item WHAT'S NEW HERE?
2294 =item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
2296 =item THE XSUBPP COMPILER
2298 =item THE TYPEMAP FILE
2304 =item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?
2306 =item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
2308 =item THE ARGUMENT STACK
2310 =item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
2312 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
2314 =item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
2324 =head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
2334 =item What is an "IV"?
2336 =item Working with SVs
2338 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
2340 =item Working with AVs
2342 =item Working with HVs
2344 =item Hash API Extensions
2348 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
2350 =item Creating New Variables
2352 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
2354 =item Stashes and Globs
2356 =item Double-Typed SVs
2358 =item Magic Variables
2360 =item Assigning Magic
2362 =item Magic Virtual Tables
2372 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
2374 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
2376 =item Memory Allocation
2380 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
2384 =item Scratchpads and recursion
2394 =item Examining the tree
2396 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
2398 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
2400 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
2402 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
2408 AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
2409 av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
2410 DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32,
2411 dXSI32, ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME,
2412 GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
2413 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH,
2414 HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear,
2415 hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent,
2416 hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv,
2417 hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store,
2418 hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
2419 isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
2420 mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV,
2421 newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv,
2422 newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
2423 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv,
2424 perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv,
2425 perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
2426 perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi,
2427 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc,
2428 saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE,
2429 strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
2430 sv_catpvn, sv_catpvf, sv_catsv, sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec,
2431 sv_dec, SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
2432 SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN,
2433 sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK,
2434 SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only,
2435 SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only,
2436 SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
2437 SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn,
2438 sv_setpvf, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
2439 sv_setsv, SvSTASH, SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG,
2440 SVt_NV, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref,
2441 sv_usepvn, sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
2442 XPUSHs, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
2443 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV,
2444 XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
2451 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
2455 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
2457 =item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
2459 B<perl_call_sv>, B<perl_call_pv>, B<perl_call_method>, B<perl_call_argv>
2479 =item Determining the Context
2483 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
2489 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
2491 =item Passing Parameters
2493 =item Returning a Scalar
2495 =item Returning a list of values
2497 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
2499 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
2503 =item Using G_KEEPERR
2505 =item Using perl_call_sv
2507 =item Using perl_call_argv
2509 =item Using perl_call_method
2513 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
2515 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
2517 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
2518 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
2521 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
2523 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
2533 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
2535 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
2549 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
2559 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
2567 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
2575 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
2584 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
2586 =item The I<splain> Program
2598 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
2605 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
2611 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
2619 =item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
2621 =item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
2623 =item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
2631 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
2638 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
2646 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
2650 =item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
2656 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
2658 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
2660 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
2662 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
2664 =item Overloadable Operations
2666 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
2667 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
2668 and numeric conversion>, I<Special>
2670 =item Inheritance and overloading
2672 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
2673 is inherited by derived classes
2677 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
2685 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
2687 =item Copy Constructor
2693 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
2695 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
2696 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
2697 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Copy operator>
2701 =item Run-time Overloading
2703 =item Public functions
2705 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
2707 =item IMPLEMENTATION
2715 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
2725 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
2727 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
2731 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
2735 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
2741 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
2747 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
2749 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
2755 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
2761 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
2763 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
2771 =item DBM Comparisons
2779 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
2787 =item Subroutine Stubs
2789 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2791 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2793 =item Package Lexicals
2795 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
2803 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
2813 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
2825 =item Standard Exports
2827 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
2828 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
2829 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ]] )
2831 =item Optional Exports
2833 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )
2845 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
2847 =head2 Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN
2857 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
2869 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT:
2871 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
2873 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
2875 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
2877 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
2879 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
2881 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
2883 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
2885 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
2887 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
2889 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE FORM TO A FILE:
2891 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
2893 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
2895 =item CALLING CGI FUNCTIONS THAT TAKE MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS
2897 =item CREATING THE HTTP HEADER:
2899 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION INSTRUCTION
2901 =item CREATING THE HTML HEADER:
2903 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
2905 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
2909 =item CREATING FORMS
2913 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
2915 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
2917 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
2919 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
2923 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
2925 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
2927 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
2931 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
2933 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
2937 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
2941 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
2945 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
2949 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
2953 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
2955 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
2957 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
2961 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
2963 B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
2965 TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
2967 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
2971 =item NETSCAPE COOKIES
2973 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
2974 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
2976 =item WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
2978 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
2979 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
2986 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
2990 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2992 B<accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
2993 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script
2994 name as a partial URL, for self-refering
2995 scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host
2996 ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
2999 =item CREATING HTML ELEMENTS
3003 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
3005 =item Generating new HTML tags
3009 =item IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE
3011 B<cgi>, B<form>, B<html2>, B<html3>, B<netscape>, B<shortcuts>,
3014 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
3016 In the B<use> statementSimply add ":nph" to the list of symbols to be
3017 imported into your script:, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using
3018 B<-nph> parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
3020 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3024 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
3025 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
3026 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
3027 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard
3028 Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony
3029 Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom
3030 Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
3031 (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au),
3032 Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
3033 (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni
3034 (david@cnation.com), ...and many many more..
3036 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
3042 =head2 CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
3056 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
3063 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
3065 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
3073 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
3079 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
3081 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
3083 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
3085 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
3089 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3095 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
3101 =item USING CGI::Push
3103 -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
3105 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
3109 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3115 =head2 CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first
3126 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
3134 =item Interactive Mode
3136 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
3137 install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or
3146 =item The 4 Classes: Authors, Bundles, Modules, Distributions
3148 =item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
3150 expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
3160 =item Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz
3166 o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
3167 E<lt>valueE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
3168 [shift|pop], o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice]
3181 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
3187 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
3196 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
3202 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
3210 =item The C<struct()> function
3212 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
3214 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
3215 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
3221 Example 1, Example 2
3223 =item Author and Modification History
3225 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
3231 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
3239 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
3245 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB
3251 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
3255 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
3257 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
3259 =item Default Parameters
3261 =item In Memory Databases
3269 =item A Simple Example
3277 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
3279 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
3281 =item The get_dup() Method
3283 =item Matching Partial Keys
3291 =item The 'bval' Option
3293 =item A Simple Example
3297 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
3298 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
3300 =item Another Example
3304 =item THE API INTERFACE
3306 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
3307 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
3308 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
3309 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
3311 =item HINTS AND TIPS
3315 =item Locking Databases
3317 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
3319 =item The untie() Gotcha
3323 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
3327 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
3329 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
3331 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
3333 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
3347 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
3353 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
3359 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
3365 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
3366 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
3367 dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
3368 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
3373 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
3380 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables
3388 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
3396 =item Selecting What To Export
3398 =item Specialised Import Lists
3400 =item Module Version Checking
3402 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
3404 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
3408 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
3415 cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv
3416 source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath
3417 directory.., test_f file
3425 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
3435 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
3436 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
3444 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
3450 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
3456 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
3462 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
3472 =item VMS implementation
3478 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3485 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
3495 =item Preloaded methods
3497 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir
3499 =item SelfLoaded methods
3501 c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o),
3502 const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o),
3503 dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o),
3504 dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan,
3505 extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl
3507 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
3509 force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, init_others,
3510 install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o),
3511 makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command,
3512 maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru
3513 (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o),
3514 post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean
3515 (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o),
3516 subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script
3517 (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o),
3518 writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list
3524 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3533 =item Methods always loaded
3535 eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override),
3536 rootdir (override), updir (override)
3538 =item SelfLoaded methods
3540 guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command
3541 (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override),
3542 file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others
3543 (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd
3544 (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp
3545 (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist
3546 (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets
3547 (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs
3548 (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL
3549 (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override),
3550 realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override),
3551 dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend
3552 (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness
3553 (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext
3558 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3565 catfile, static_lib (o), dynamic_lib (o), canonpath, perl_script,
3566 pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit (override), tools_other
3567 (o), manifypods (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)
3569 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
3577 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
3579 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
3587 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
3591 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
3593 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
3595 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
3597 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
3599 C, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
3600 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, INC,
3601 INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR,
3602 INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB,
3603 INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
3604 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
3605 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
3606 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
3607 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX,
3608 PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
3611 =item Additional lowercase attributes
3613 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean,
3616 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
3618 =item Hintsfile support
3620 =item Distribution Support
3622 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
3623 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
3624 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
3632 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
3642 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
3646 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
3647 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
3653 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
3661 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
3667 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
3674 NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE
3680 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
3686 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
3694 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
3696 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
3702 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
3706 C<basename>, C<dirname>
3708 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
3714 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
3724 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
3732 =item Special behavior if C<syscopy> is defined (VMS and OS/2)
3734 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
3742 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
3748 =head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
3758 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
3768 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
3776 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
3782 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
3786 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
3792 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
3802 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
3814 =head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
3821 E<lt>noneE<gt>, !, =s, :s, =i, :i, =f, :f
3825 =item Linkage specification
3827 =item Aliases and abbreviations
3829 =item Non-option call-back routine
3831 =item Option starters
3841 =item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
3843 default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling
3844 (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case
3845 (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default:
3846 reset), debug (default: reset)
3848 =item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
3850 $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error
3852 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
3859 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
3866 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
3872 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
3880 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
3884 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
3890 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
3898 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
3902 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
3903 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
3904 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
3914 =head2 IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
3922 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
3926 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
3934 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
3944 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
3956 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
3957 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
3958 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
3966 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
3978 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
3985 =item IO::Socket::INET
3989 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
3992 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
3996 hostpath(), peerpath()
4006 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
4014 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
4018 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
4024 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
4033 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
4037 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
4038 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
4039 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
4049 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
4057 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
4061 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
4069 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
4080 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
4093 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
4094 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
4095 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
4103 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
4116 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
4123 =item IO::Socket::INET
4127 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
4130 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
4134 hostpath(), peerpath()
4144 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
4154 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
4163 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
4169 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to
4175 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
4181 Canonical notation, Input, Output
4189 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
4200 =item STRINGIFICATION
4204 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4210 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
4216 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
4220 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4222 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
4226 =item ANGLE CONVERSIONS
4232 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
4238 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
4248 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
4249 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
4257 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
4270 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
4283 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
4294 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
4307 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
4313 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
4323 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
4325 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
4326 or optag, an operator set (opset)
4328 =item Opcode Functions
4330 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
4331 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
4332 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
4335 =item Manipulating Opsets
4339 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
4341 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
4342 :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write,
4343 :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
4349 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
4356 a new namespace, an operator mask
4362 =item RECENT CHANGES
4364 =item Methods in class Safe
4366 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4367 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4368 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4369 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4371 =item Some Safety Issues
4373 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4379 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
4388 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
4400 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
4401 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
4402 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
4403 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
4404 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
4405 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
4406 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
4407 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
4408 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
4409 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
4410 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
4411 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
4412 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
4413 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
4414 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
4415 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
4416 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
4417 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
4418 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
4419 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
4420 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
4421 strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh,
4422 tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
4423 tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
4424 ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
4425 wcstombs, wctomb, write
4431 =item POSIX::SigAction
4437 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
4439 =item POSIX::Termios
4441 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
4442 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
4443 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
4444 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
4445 values, c_oflag field values
4449 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
4453 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
4457 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
4515 =head2 Pod::Html, Pod::HTML - module to convert pod files to HTML
4523 help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape,
4524 nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose
4536 =head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
4546 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
4552 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
4558 a new namespace, an operator mask
4564 =item RECENT CHANGES
4566 =item Methods in class Safe
4568 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4569 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4570 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4571 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4573 =item Some Safety Issues
4575 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4581 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
4587 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
4593 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
4601 =item The __DATA__ token
4603 =item SelfLoader autoloading
4605 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
4607 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
4609 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
4611 =item Classes and inherited methods.
4615 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
4617 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
4625 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
4626 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
4632 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
4633 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
4634 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
4635 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
4636 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
4638 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
4644 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
4652 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
4653 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
4659 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
4660 setlogmask $mask_priority, closelog
4670 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
4678 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
4684 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
4692 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
4693 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
4699 =item Minimal set of supported functions
4701 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
4702 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
4704 =item Additional supported functions
4710 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
4718 =item The test script output
4726 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
4727 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
4728 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
4737 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
4745 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens
4753 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
4766 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
4777 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
4789 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
4795 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
4796 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
4800 =item MORE INFORMATION
4802 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
4816 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
4823 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
4825 =item MORE INFORMATION
4827 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
4835 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
4841 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
4852 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
4863 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
4871 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
4877 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), isa ( VAL, TYPE ),
4880 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
4891 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
4902 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
4904 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
4905 don't all have manual pages yet:
4927 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob