4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
20 Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping,
21 Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability,
22 Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant,
23 Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM
24 implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular
25 expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability
41 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/04/24
46 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
47 About Perl, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, L<perlfaq3>:
48 Programming Tools, L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, L<perlfaq5>: Files and
49 Formats, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues,
50 L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, L<perlfaq9>: Networking
54 =item Where to get this document
56 =item How to contribute to this document
58 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
65 =item Author and Copyright Information
69 =item Noncommercial Reproduction
71 =item Commercial Reproduction
79 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
80 Initial Release: 11/March/97
82 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date:
83 1997/04/24 22:43:34 $)
91 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
93 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
95 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
97 =item How stable is Perl?
99 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
101 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
104 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
106 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
108 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
110 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
112 =item What is a JAPH?
114 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
116 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
117 (5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?
121 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
123 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.16 $,
124 $Date: 1997/04/23 18:04:09 $)
130 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
132 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
134 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
136 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
139 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
140 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
142 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
143 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
145 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
147 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
149 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?
151 =item Where should I post source code?
155 =item Perl in Magazines
157 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
159 =item What mailing lists are there for perl?
161 MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats
163 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
167 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
169 =item Where do I send bug reports?
171 =item What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute?
173 =item How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
177 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
179 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
186 =item How do I do (anything)?
188 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
190 =item Is there a Perl shell?
192 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
194 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
196 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
198 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
200 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
202 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
204 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
206 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
208 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
210 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
212 =item Can I dynamically load C routines into Perl?
214 =item What is undump?
216 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
218 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
220 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
222 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
224 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
226 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
228 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
230 =item How can I get '#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
232 =item Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?
234 =item Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
236 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
238 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
240 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
242 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
243 my C program, what am I doing wrong?
245 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
248 =item What's MakeMaker?
252 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
254 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.19 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
263 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
264 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
266 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
268 =item Does perl have a round function? What about ceil() and floor()?
271 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
273 =item How do I multiply matrices?
275 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
277 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
279 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
287 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
289 =item How can I compare two date strings?
291 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
293 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
295 =item Does Perl have a year 2000 problem?
303 =item How do I validate input?
305 =item How do I unescape a string?
307 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
309 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
311 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
313 =item How do I reverse a string?
315 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
317 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
319 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
321 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
323 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
326 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
328 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
329 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
331 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
333 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
335 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
337 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
339 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
341 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
343 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
344 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
353 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
355 =item How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
357 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:, b) If you don't know
358 whether @in is sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only small integers:,
359 d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in
360 contains only small positive integers:
362 =item How can I tell whether an array contains a certain element?
364 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
365 intersection of two arrays?
367 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
369 =item How do I handle linked lists?
371 =item How do I handle circular lists?
373 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
375 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
377 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
379 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
381 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
383 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
385 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
389 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
393 =item How do I process an entire hash?
395 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
398 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
400 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
402 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
404 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
406 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
408 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
410 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
412 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
414 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
416 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
418 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
421 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
422 array of hashes or arrays?
424 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
432 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
434 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
436 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
438 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
440 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
442 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
446 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
448 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
455 =item How do I flush/unbuffer a filehandle? Why must I do this?
457 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
458 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
460 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
462 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
464 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
466 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
467 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
469 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
471 =item How can I write() into a string?
473 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
475 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
477 =item How come when I open the file read-write it wipes it out?
479 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
481 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
483 =item How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>" or trailing blanks?
485 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
487 =item How can I lock a file?
489 =item What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
491 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
492 the file. How can I do this?
494 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
496 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
498 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
500 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
502 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
504 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
506 =item How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
508 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
510 =item How do I create a file only if it doesn't exist?
512 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
514 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
516 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
518 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
519 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
521 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
523 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
524 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
526 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
530 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
532 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:10 $)
538 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
539 and unmaintainable code?
541 Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different
544 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
546 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
549 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
551 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
554 =item How can I make C<\w> match accented characters?
556 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
558 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
560 =item What is C</o> really for?
562 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
565 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
567 =item What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it?
569 =item How do I process each word on each line?
571 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
573 =item How can I do approximate matching?
575 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
577 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
579 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
581 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
583 =item Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
585 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
587 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
591 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
593 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date:
594 1997/04/24 22:44:14 $)
600 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
602 =item What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
605 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
608 =item How do I skip some return values?
610 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
612 =item What's an extension?
614 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
616 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
618 =item How do I create a module?
620 =item How do I create a class?
622 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
624 =item What's a closure?
626 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
628 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
631 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps,
634 =item How do I create a static variable?
636 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
637 Between local() and my()?
639 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
642 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
644 =item Why doesn't "local($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
646 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
648 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
650 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
652 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
654 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
656 =item How can I find out my current package?
658 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
662 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
664 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
671 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
673 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
675 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
677 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
679 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
681 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
683 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
685 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
687 =item How do I start a process in the background?
689 STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
691 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
693 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
695 =item How do I set the time and date?
697 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
699 =item How can I measure time under a second?
701 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
703 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
704 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
706 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
708 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
710 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
712 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
714 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
716 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
718 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
720 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
722 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
724 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
727 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
729 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
731 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
733 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
736 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
737 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
738 changes to be visible?
742 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
745 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
747 =item How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
749 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
751 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
753 =item How do I set CPU limits?
755 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
757 =item How do I use an SQL database?
759 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
761 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
763 =item How do I install a CPAN module?
765 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
767 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
770 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
774 =item How do I get one key from the terminal at a time, under POSIX?
776 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
782 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
785 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
787 =item How do I extract URLs?
789 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
790 file on another machine?
792 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
794 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
796 =item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
798 =item How do I redirect to another page?
800 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
802 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
804 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
805 CGI script to do bad things?
807 =item How do I parse an email header?
809 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
811 =item How do I check a valid email address?
813 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
815 =item How do I return the user's email address?
817 =item How do I send/read mail?
819 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
821 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
823 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
825 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
829 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
831 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.16 $, $Date: 1997/04/23 18:12:06
838 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
841 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
843 =item How do I extract URLs?
845 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
846 file on another machine?
848 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
850 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
852 =item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
854 =item How do I redirect to another page?
856 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
858 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
860 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
861 CGI script to do bad things?
863 =item How do I parse an email header?
865 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
867 =item How do I check a valid email address?
869 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
871 =item How do I return the user's email address?
873 =item How do I send/read mail?
875 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
877 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
879 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
881 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
885 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
887 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
891 =item Supported Environments
897 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
899 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
901 =item Limitations on B<-M>, and C<-m>, and B<-T> options
903 =item More precise warnings
905 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
907 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
909 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
911 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
913 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
915 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
917 =item Changes to tainting checks
919 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
921 =item Embedding improvements
923 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
925 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
927 =item New and changed syntax
931 =item New and changed builtin constants
935 =item New and changed builtin variables
939 =item New and changed builtin functions
941 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
942 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
943 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//g> does not
944 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
945 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
947 =item New builtin methods
949 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
951 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
953 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
954 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
956 =item Malloc enhancements
958 -DDEBUGGING_MSTATS, -DEMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
960 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
966 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
967 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
973 =item Required Updates
975 =item Installation directories
977 =item Module information summary
991 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
995 =item Utility Changes
1001 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
1005 =item C Language API Changes
1007 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
1010 =item Documentation Changes
1012 L<perldelta>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>, L<perldebug>,
1015 =item New Diagnostics
1017 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
1018 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
1019 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
1020 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
1021 Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot
1022 resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine
1023 %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return
1024 a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long,
1025 Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s,
1026 Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal
1027 error: glob failed, Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack:
1028 '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in
1029 formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during
1030 request for %s, Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible
1031 attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written
1032 as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in
1033 package `%s', Too late for "B<-T>" option, untie attempted while %d inner
1034 references still exist, Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function
1035 fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s
1036 can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable
1037 "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical
1038 name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed
1039 PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s
1047 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1053 =item Variable names
1059 =item Scalar value constructors
1061 =item List value constructors
1063 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1067 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1075 =item Simple statements
1077 =item Compound statements
1085 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1089 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1091 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1095 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1103 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1105 =item The Arrow Operator
1107 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1109 =item Exponentiation
1111 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1113 =item Binding Operators
1115 =item Multiplicative Operators
1117 =item Additive Operators
1119 =item Shift Operators
1121 =item Named Unary Operators
1123 =item Relational Operators
1125 =item Equality Operators
1129 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1131 =item C-style Logical And
1133 =item C-style Logical Or
1135 =item Range Operator
1137 =item Conditional Operator
1139 =item Assignment Operators
1141 =item Comma Operator
1143 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1149 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
1151 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1153 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1155 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1157 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1159 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1160 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1161 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1162 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
1166 =item Constant Folding
1168 =item Integer Arithmetic
1170 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1174 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1182 =item Regular Expressions
1184 (?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx)
1188 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1190 =item WARNING on \1 vs $1
1194 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
1202 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
1204 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh
1208 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<number>,
1209 B<-D>I<list>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
1210 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
1211 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
1212 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
1213 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I<directory>
1219 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB,
1220 PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
1222 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1226 I<THERE IS NO GENERAL RULE FOR CONVERTING A LIST INTO A SCALAR!>
1230 =item Perl Functions by Category
1232 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1233 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1234 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1235 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1236 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1237 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1238 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1239 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1240 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1241 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1244 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1246 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1247 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1248 binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
1249 chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
1250 chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
1251 close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK,
1252 cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE,
1253 defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do
1254 SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (),
1255 eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR,
1256 exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
1257 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
1258 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
1259 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
1260 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
1261 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
1262 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
1263 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
1264 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
1265 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
1266 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
1267 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
1268 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
1269 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
1270 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst
1271 EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
1272 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log EXPR, log, lstat
1273 FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir
1274 FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS,
1275 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST,
1276 oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
1277 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, pipe
1278 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
1279 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
1280 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
1281 qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read
1282 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir
1283 DIRHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo
1284 LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require,
1285 reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE,
1286 rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///,
1287 scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
1288 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
1289 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1290 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1291 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1292 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1293 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1294 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1295 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1296 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1297 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
1298 split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
1299 srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
1300 sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET,
1301 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,
1302 sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1303 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1304 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, syswrite
1305 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell
1306 FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
1307 VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
1308 EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
1309 EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE,
1310 unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST,
1311 use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1312 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
1316 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1322 =item Predefined Names
1324 $ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digit>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1325 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
1326 EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
1327 $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH,
1328 $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1329 output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\,
1330 $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1331 format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1332 format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1333 format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE
1334 EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1335 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1336 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1337 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1338 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1339 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1340 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
1341 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $OSNAME,
1342 $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
1343 $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, %INC, $ENV{expr}, $SIG{expr}, $^M
1347 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1355 =item Private Variables via my()
1357 =item Temporary Values via local()
1359 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1361 =item Pass by Reference
1365 =item Constant Functions
1367 =item Overriding Builtin Functions
1375 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
1385 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
1395 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
1399 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
1403 =item Pragmatic Modules
1405 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), blib, diagnostics, integer, less,
1406 lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap, strict, subs, vmsish, vars
1408 =item Standard Modules
1410 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
1411 CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
1412 DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,
1413 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
1414 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
1415 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fcntl,
1416 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::Find,
1417 File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File,
1418 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File, IO::Handle,
1419 IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
1420 Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, NDBM_File, Net::Ping,
1421 Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, Opcode, Pod::Text,
1422 POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
1423 Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
1424 Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords,
1425 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash,
1426 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime,
1427 Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
1429 =item Extension Modules
1435 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
1436 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
1437 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
1438 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
1439 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
1440 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
1441 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
1442 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
1443 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
1444 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
1445 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
1446 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
1447 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America,
1450 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1454 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
1456 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
1457 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
1458 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
1459 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
1460 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
1461 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
1462 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
1463 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
1464 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
1465 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
1466 care when changing a released module
1468 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1470 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
1471 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
1472 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
1473 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
1475 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1477 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
1478 applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the
1479 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
1480 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
1481 can then be reduced to a small
1487 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1493 =item Format Variables
1503 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1509 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1514 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1520 =item The use locale pragma
1522 =item The setlocale function
1524 =item The localeconv function
1528 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1532 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1534 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1536 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1538 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1542 =item Other categories
1548 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
1549 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or <\U>),
1550 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
1551 B<In-memory formatting function> (sprintf()):, B<Output formatting
1552 functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping functions> (lc(),
1553 lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent functions>
1554 (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX character class
1555 tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
1556 ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
1561 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC,
1568 =item Backward compatibility
1570 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1572 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1574 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1576 =item Freely available locale definitions
1580 =item An imperfect standard
1588 =item Broken systems
1596 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1602 =item Symbolic references
1604 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1612 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
1616 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
1617 more elaborate constructs
1621 =item COMMON MISTAKES
1623 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
1625 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
1631 =item LISTS OF LISTS
1635 =item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
1637 =item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
1639 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
1643 =item HASHES OF LISTS
1647 =item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
1649 =item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
1651 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
1655 =item LISTS OF HASHES
1659 =item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
1661 =item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
1663 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
1667 =item HASHES OF HASHES
1671 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
1673 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
1675 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
1679 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1683 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1685 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1687 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1697 =head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
1701 =item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
1703 =item Growing Your Own
1705 =item Access and Printing
1713 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1717 =item Creating a Class
1721 =item Object Representation
1723 =item Class Interface
1725 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1727 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1731 =item Other Object Methods
1739 =item Accessing Class Data
1741 =item Debugging Methods
1743 =item Class Destructors
1745 =item Documenting the Interface
1755 =item Overridden Methods
1757 =item Multiple Inheritance
1759 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1763 =item Alternate Object Representations
1767 =item Arrays as Objects
1769 =item Closures as Objects
1773 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1777 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1779 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1783 =item Metaclassical Tools
1789 =item Data Members as Variables
1793 =item Object Terminology
1803 =item Acknowledgments
1807 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1813 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1815 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1817 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1819 =item Method Invocation
1821 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1823 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1831 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1837 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1847 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
1851 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1856 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1857 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1858 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
1860 =item Tying FileHandles
1862 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
1863 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
1865 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1875 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1879 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1881 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1883 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1885 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1887 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1889 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1891 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1893 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1895 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1897 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1901 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1902 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1910 =item Using open() for IPC
1916 =item Background Processes
1918 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1920 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1922 =item Bidirectional Communication
1926 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1930 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1932 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1934 =item UDP: Message Passing
1950 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
1954 =item The Perl Debugger
1958 =item Debugger Commands
1960 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
1961 [expr], E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
1962 subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
1963 t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
1964 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
1965 command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., C<recallCommand>,
1966 C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>,
1967 C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet>,
1968 C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>,
1969 C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<quote>,
1970 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
1971 C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ], E<lt>E<lt> command, E<gt> command,
1972 E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, !
1973 pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, = [alias value],
1974 command, m expr, m package
1976 =item Debugger input/output
1978 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
1980 =item Debugging compile-time statements
1982 =item Debugger Customization
1984 =item Readline Support
1986 =item Editor Support for Debugging
1988 =item The Perl Profiler
1990 =item Debugger support in perl
1992 =item Debugger Internals
1994 =item Other resources
2000 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2004 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2010 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2012 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2014 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2018 =item Protecting Your Programs
2022 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
2038 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
2040 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
2041 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
2042 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
2043 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
2045 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
2047 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
2048 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
2049 Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
2053 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
2055 =item Numerical Traps
2057 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
2059 =item General data type traps
2061 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants),
2062 (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
2064 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
2066 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
2068 =item Precedence Traps
2070 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
2073 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
2075 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
2076 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
2077 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
2079 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
2081 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
2087 =item Interpolation Traps
2089 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
2090 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
2096 =item Unclassified Traps
2102 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
2106 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
2110 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2112 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
2118 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
2122 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
2130 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
2131 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
2135 =item Compiling your C program
2137 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
2139 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
2141 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
2143 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
2145 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
2147 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
2149 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
2151 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
2162 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
2168 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
2169 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
2170 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
2171 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
2172 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(s,f)>,
2173 B<PerlIO_putc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(c,f)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
2174 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
2175 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
2176 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
2177 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
2181 =item Co-existence with stdio
2183 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
2184 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
2185 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
2186 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
2187 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
2188 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
2192 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
2202 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
2204 =item The Argument Stack
2206 =item The RETVAL Variable
2208 =item The MODULE Keyword
2210 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
2212 =item The PREFIX Keyword
2214 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
2216 =item The CODE: Keyword
2218 =item The INIT: Keyword
2220 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
2222 =item Initializing Function Parameters
2224 =item Default Parameter Values
2226 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
2228 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
2230 =item The INPUT: Keyword
2232 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
2234 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
2236 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
2238 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
2240 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
2242 =item The BOOT: Keyword
2244 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
2246 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
2248 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
2250 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
2252 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
2254 =item The CASE: Keyword
2256 =item The & Unary Operator
2258 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
2260 =item Using XS With C++
2262 =item Interface Strategy
2264 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
2276 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs
2282 =item VERSION CAVEAT
2284 =item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
2290 =item WHAT HAS GONE ON?
2292 =item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
2296 =item WHAT'S NEW HERE?
2298 =item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
2300 =item THE XSUBPP COMPILER
2302 =item THE TYPEMAP FILE
2308 =item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?
2310 =item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
2312 =item THE ARGUMENT STACK
2314 =item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
2316 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
2318 =item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
2328 =head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
2338 =item What is an "IV"?
2340 =item Working with SVs
2342 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
2344 =item Working with AVs
2346 =item Working with HVs
2348 =item Hash API Extensions
2352 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
2354 =item Creating New Variables
2356 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
2358 =item Stashes and Globs
2360 =item Double-Typed SVs
2362 =item Magic Variables
2364 =item Assigning Magic
2366 =item Magic Virtual Tables
2376 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
2378 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
2380 =item Memory Allocation
2384 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
2388 =item Scratchpads and recursion
2398 =item Examining the tree
2400 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
2402 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
2404 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
2406 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
2412 AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
2413 av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
2414 DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32,
2415 dXSI32, ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME,
2416 GIMME_V, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
2417 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH,
2418 HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear,
2419 hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent,
2420 hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv,
2421 hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store,
2422 hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
2423 isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
2424 mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV,
2425 newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv,
2426 newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
2427 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method, perl_call_pv,
2428 perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_eval_pv,
2429 perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse,
2430 perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi,
2431 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL, safefree, safemalloc,
2432 saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE,
2433 strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
2434 sv_catpvn, sv_catpvf, sv_catsv, sv_cmp, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec,
2435 sv_dec, SvEND, sv_eq, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
2436 SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN,
2437 sv_len, sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK,
2438 SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOK_only,
2439 SvNOKp, SvNV, SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only,
2440 SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
2441 SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, sv_setiv, sv_setnv, sv_setpv, sv_setpvn,
2442 sv_setpvf, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
2443 sv_setsv, SvSTASH, SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG,
2444 SVt_NV, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref,
2445 sv_usepvn, sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
2446 XPUSHs, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
2447 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV,
2448 XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
2455 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
2459 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
2461 =item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
2463 B<perl_call_sv>, B<perl_call_pv>, B<perl_call_method>, B<perl_call_argv>
2483 =item Determining the Context
2487 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
2493 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
2495 =item Passing Parameters
2497 =item Returning a Scalar
2499 =item Returning a list of values
2501 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
2503 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
2507 =item Using G_KEEPERR
2509 =item Using perl_call_sv
2511 =item Using perl_call_argv
2513 =item Using perl_call_method
2517 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
2519 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
2521 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
2522 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
2525 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
2527 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
2537 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
2539 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
2553 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
2563 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
2571 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
2579 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
2588 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
2590 =item The I<splain> Program
2602 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
2609 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
2615 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
2623 =item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
2625 =item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
2627 =item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
2635 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
2642 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
2650 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
2654 =item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
2660 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
2662 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
2664 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
2666 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
2668 =item Overloadable Operations
2670 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
2671 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
2672 and numeric conversion>, I<Special>
2674 =item Inheritance and overloading
2676 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
2677 is inherited by derived classes
2681 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
2689 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
2691 =item Copy Constructor
2697 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
2699 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
2700 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
2701 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Copy operator>
2705 =item Run-time Overloading
2707 =item Public functions
2709 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
2711 =item IMPLEMENTATION
2719 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
2729 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
2731 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
2735 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
2739 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
2745 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
2751 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
2753 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
2759 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
2765 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
2767 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
2775 =item DBM Comparisons
2783 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
2791 =item Subroutine Stubs
2793 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2795 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2797 =item Package Lexicals
2799 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
2807 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
2817 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
2829 =item Standard Exports
2831 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
2832 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
2833 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ]] )
2835 =item Optional Exports
2837 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )
2849 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
2851 =head2 Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN
2861 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
2873 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT:
2875 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
2877 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
2879 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
2881 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
2883 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
2885 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
2887 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
2889 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
2891 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
2893 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE FORM TO A FILE:
2895 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
2897 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
2899 =item CALLING CGI FUNCTIONS THAT TAKE MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS
2901 =item CREATING THE HTTP HEADER:
2903 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION INSTRUCTION
2905 =item CREATING THE HTML HEADER:
2907 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
2909 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
2913 =item CREATING FORMS
2917 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
2919 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
2921 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
2923 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
2927 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
2929 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
2931 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
2935 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
2937 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
2941 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
2945 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
2949 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
2953 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
2957 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
2959 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
2961 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
2965 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
2967 B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
2969 TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
2971 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
2975 =item NETSCAPE COOKIES
2977 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
2978 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
2980 =item WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
2982 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
2983 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
2990 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
2994 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
2996 B<accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
2997 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script
2998 name as a partial URL, for self-refering
2999 scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host
3000 ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
3003 =item CREATING HTML ELEMENTS
3007 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
3009 =item Generating new HTML tags
3013 =item IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE
3015 B<cgi>, B<form>, B<html2>, B<html3>, B<netscape>, B<shortcuts>,
3018 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
3020 In the B<use> statementSimply add ":nph" to the list of symbols to be
3021 imported into your script:, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using
3022 B<-nph> parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
3024 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3028 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
3029 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
3030 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
3031 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard
3032 Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony
3033 Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom
3034 Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
3035 (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au),
3036 Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
3037 (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni
3038 (david@cnation.com), ...and many many more..
3040 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
3046 =head2 CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
3060 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
3067 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
3069 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
3077 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
3083 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
3085 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
3087 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
3089 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
3093 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3099 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
3105 =item USING CGI::Push
3107 -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
3109 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
3113 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3119 =head2 CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first
3130 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
3138 =item Interactive Mode
3140 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
3141 install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or
3150 =item The 4 Classes: Authors, Bundles, Modules, Distributions
3152 =item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
3154 expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
3164 =item Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz
3170 o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
3171 E<lt>valueE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
3172 [shift|pop], o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice]
3185 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
3191 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
3200 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
3206 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
3214 =item The C<struct()> function
3216 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
3218 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
3219 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
3225 Example 1, Example 2
3227 =item Author and Modification History
3229 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
3235 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
3243 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
3249 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB
3255 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
3259 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
3261 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
3263 =item Default Parameters
3265 =item In Memory Databases
3273 =item A Simple Example
3281 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
3283 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
3285 =item The get_dup() Method
3287 =item Matching Partial Keys
3295 =item The 'bval' Option
3297 =item A Simple Example
3301 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
3302 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
3304 =item Another Example
3308 =item THE API INTERFACE
3310 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
3311 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
3312 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
3313 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
3315 =item HINTS AND TIPS
3319 =item Locking Databases
3321 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
3323 =item The untie() Gotcha
3327 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
3331 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
3333 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
3335 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
3337 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
3351 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
3357 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
3363 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
3369 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
3370 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
3371 dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
3372 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
3377 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
3384 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables
3392 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
3400 =item Selecting What To Export
3402 =item Specialised Import Lists
3404 =item Module Version Checking
3406 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
3408 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
3412 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
3419 cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv
3420 source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath
3421 directory.., test_f file
3429 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
3439 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
3440 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
3448 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
3454 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
3460 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
3466 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
3476 =item VMS implementation
3482 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3489 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
3499 =item Preloaded methods
3501 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir
3503 =item SelfLoaded methods
3505 c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o),
3506 const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o),
3507 dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o),
3508 dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan,
3509 extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl
3511 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
3513 force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main, init_others,
3514 install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir, macro (o),
3515 makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command,
3516 maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru
3517 (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o),
3518 post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean
3519 (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o),
3520 subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script
3521 (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o),
3522 writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list
3528 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3537 =item Methods always loaded
3539 eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override),
3540 rootdir (override), updir (override)
3542 =item SelfLoaded methods
3544 guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command
3545 (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override),
3546 file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others
3547 (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd
3548 (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp
3549 (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist
3550 (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets
3551 (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs
3552 (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL
3553 (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override),
3554 realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override),
3555 dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend
3556 (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness
3557 (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext
3562 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3569 catfile, static_lib (o), dynamic_lib (o), canonpath, perl_script,
3570 pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit (override), tools_other
3571 (o), manifypods (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)
3573 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
3581 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
3583 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
3591 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
3595 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
3597 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
3599 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
3601 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
3603 C, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
3604 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, INC,
3605 INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR,
3606 INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB,
3607 INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
3608 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
3609 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
3610 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
3611 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX,
3612 PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
3615 =item Additional lowercase attributes
3617 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean,
3620 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
3622 =item Hintsfile support
3624 =item Distribution Support
3626 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
3627 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
3628 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
3636 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
3646 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
3650 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
3651 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
3657 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
3665 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
3671 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
3678 NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE
3684 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
3690 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
3698 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
3700 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
3706 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
3710 C<basename>, C<dirname>
3712 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
3718 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
3728 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
3736 =item Special behavior if C<syscopy> is defined (VMS and OS/2)
3738 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
3746 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
3752 =head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
3762 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
3772 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
3780 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
3786 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
3790 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
3796 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
3806 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
3818 =head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
3825 E<lt>noneE<gt>, !, =s, :s, =i, :i, =f, :f
3829 =item Linkage specification
3831 =item Aliases and abbreviations
3833 =item Non-option call-back routine
3835 =item Option starters
3845 =item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
3847 default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling
3848 (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case
3849 (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default:
3850 reset), debug (default: reset)
3852 =item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
3854 $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error
3856 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
3863 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
3870 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
3876 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
3884 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
3888 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
3894 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
3902 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
3906 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
3907 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
3908 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
3918 =head2 IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
3926 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
3930 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
3938 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
3948 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
3960 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
3961 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
3962 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
3970 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
3982 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
3989 =item IO::Socket::INET
3993 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
3996 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
4000 hostpath(), peerpath()
4010 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
4018 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
4022 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
4028 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
4037 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
4041 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
4042 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
4043 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
4053 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
4061 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
4065 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
4073 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
4084 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
4097 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
4098 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
4099 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
4107 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
4120 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
4127 =item IO::Socket::INET
4131 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
4134 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
4138 hostpath(), peerpath()
4148 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
4158 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
4167 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
4173 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to
4179 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
4185 Canonical notation, Input, Output
4193 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
4204 =item STRINGIFICATION
4208 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4214 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
4220 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
4224 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4226 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
4230 =item ANGLE CONVERSIONS
4236 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
4242 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
4252 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
4253 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
4261 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
4274 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
4287 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
4298 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
4311 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
4317 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
4327 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
4329 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
4330 or optag, an operator set (opset)
4332 =item Opcode Functions
4334 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
4335 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
4336 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
4339 =item Manipulating Opsets
4343 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
4345 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
4346 :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write,
4347 :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous
4353 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
4360 a new namespace, an operator mask
4366 =item RECENT CHANGES
4368 =item Methods in class Safe
4370 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4371 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4372 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4373 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4375 =item Some Safety Issues
4377 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4383 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
4392 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
4404 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
4405 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
4406 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
4407 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
4408 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
4409 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
4410 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
4411 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
4412 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
4413 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
4414 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
4415 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
4416 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
4417 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
4418 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
4419 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
4420 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
4421 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
4422 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
4423 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
4424 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
4425 strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh,
4426 tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
4427 tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
4428 ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
4429 wcstombs, wctomb, write
4435 =item POSIX::SigAction
4441 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
4443 =item POSIX::Termios
4445 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
4446 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
4447 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
4448 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
4449 values, c_oflag field values
4453 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
4457 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
4461 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
4519 =head2 Pod::Html, Pod::HTML - module to convert pod files to HTML
4527 help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape,
4528 nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose
4540 =head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
4550 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
4556 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
4562 a new namespace, an operator mask
4568 =item RECENT CHANGES
4570 =item Methods in class Safe
4572 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4573 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4574 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4575 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4577 =item Some Safety Issues
4579 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4585 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
4591 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
4597 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
4605 =item The __DATA__ token
4607 =item SelfLoader autoloading
4609 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
4611 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
4613 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
4615 =item Classes and inherited methods.
4619 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
4621 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
4629 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
4630 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
4636 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
4637 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
4638 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
4639 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
4640 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
4642 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
4648 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
4656 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
4657 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
4663 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
4664 setlogmask $mask_priority, closelog
4674 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
4682 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
4688 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
4696 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
4697 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
4703 =item Minimal set of supported functions
4705 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
4706 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
4708 =item Additional supported functions
4714 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
4722 =item The test script output
4730 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
4731 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
4732 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
4741 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
4749 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens
4757 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
4770 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
4781 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
4793 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
4799 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
4800 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
4804 =item MORE INFORMATION
4806 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
4820 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
4827 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
4829 =item MORE INFORMATION
4831 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
4839 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
4845 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
4856 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
4867 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
4875 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
4881 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), isa ( VAL, TYPE ),
4884 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
4895 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
4906 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
4908 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
4909 don't all have manual pages yet:
4931 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob