4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Platform-Specific
56 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
66 =item Running Perl programs
68 =item Basic syntax overview
70 =item Perl variable types
72 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
74 =item Variable scoping
76 =item Conditional and looping constructs
78 if, while, for, foreach
80 =item Builtin operators and functions
82 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
87 =item Regular expressions
89 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
90 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
92 =item Writing subroutines
96 =item Using Perl modules
104 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2001/10/16
113 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
115 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
117 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
121 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
123 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
125 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
127 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
129 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
131 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
135 =item About the perlfaq documents
139 =item Where to get the perlfaq
141 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
143 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
150 =item Author and Copyright Information
154 =item Bundled Distributions
162 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
163 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
164 Initial Release: 11/March/97
168 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
176 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
186 =item Simple statements
188 =item Compound statements
196 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
200 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
202 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
208 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
222 =item Scalar value constructors
224 =item List value constructors
228 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
236 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
246 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
248 =item The Arrow Operator
250 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
254 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
256 =item Binding Operators
258 =item Multiplicative Operators
260 =item Additive Operators
262 =item Shift Operators
264 =item Named Unary Operators
266 =item Relational Operators
268 =item Equality Operators
272 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
274 =item C-style Logical And
276 =item C-style Logical Or
278 =item Range Operators
280 =item Conditional Operator
282 =item Assignment Operators
286 =item List Operators (Rightward)
292 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
294 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
296 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
298 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
300 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
302 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
303 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
304 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
305 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
307 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
309 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
310 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
311 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
312 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
317 =item Constant Folding
319 =item Bitwise String Operators
321 =item Integer Arithmetic
323 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
331 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
341 =item Private Variables via my()
343 =item Persistent Private Variables
345 =item Temporary Values via local()
347 =item Lvalue subroutines
349 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
351 =item When to Still Use local()
353 =item Pass by Reference
357 =item Constant Functions
359 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
363 =item Subroutine Attributes
371 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
379 =item Perl Functions by Category
381 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
382 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
383 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
384 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
385 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
386 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
387 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
388 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
389 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
390 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
395 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
397 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
398 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
399 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
400 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
401 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
402 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
403 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
404 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
405 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
406 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
407 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
408 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
409 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
410 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
411 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
412 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
413 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
414 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
415 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
416 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
417 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
418 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
419 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
420 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
421 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
422 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
423 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
424 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
425 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
426 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
427 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
428 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST,
429 open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR
430 : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
431 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
432 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
433 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
434 qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
435 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
436 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
437 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
438 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
439 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
440 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
441 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
442 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
443 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
444 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
445 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
446 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
447 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
448 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
449 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
450 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
451 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
452 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
453 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
454 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
455 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
456 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
457 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
458 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
459 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
460 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
461 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
462 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
463 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
464 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
465 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
466 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
467 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
468 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
474 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
480 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
488 =item Making References
490 =item Using References
508 =item Distribution Conditions
514 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
520 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
521 more elaborate constructs
525 =item COMMON MISTAKES
527 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
529 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
535 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
539 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
541 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
543 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
547 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
551 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
553 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
555 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
559 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
563 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
565 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
567 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
571 =item HASHES OF HASHES
575 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
577 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
579 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
583 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
587 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
589 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
591 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
603 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
613 =item Simple word matching
615 =item Using character classes
617 =item Matching this or that
619 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
621 =item Extracting matches
623 =item Matching repetitions
627 =item Search and replace
629 =item The split operator
637 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
641 =item Acknowledgments
647 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
655 =item Ordinary Paragraph
657 =item Verbatim Paragraph
659 =item Command Paragraph
661 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
662 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
663 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
664 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
666 =item Formatting Codes
668 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
669 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
670 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
671 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
672 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
673 (zero-effect) formatting code
677 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
679 =item Hints for Writing Pod
689 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
696 =item Pod Definitions
700 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
701 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
703 =item Pod Formatting Codes
705 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
706 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
707 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
708 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
709 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
710 contains non-breaking spaces
712 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
714 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
716 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
718 =item About =over...=back Regions
720 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
728 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
736 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
754 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
756 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
757 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
758 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
759 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
761 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
763 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
764 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
765 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
769 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
771 =item Numerical Traps
773 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
775 =item General data type traps
777 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
778 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
780 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
782 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
784 =item Precedence Traps
786 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
789 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
791 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
792 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
795 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
797 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
803 =item Interpolation Traps
805 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
806 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
812 =item Unclassified Traps
814 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
821 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
831 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
833 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
835 =item Location of Perl
837 =item Command Switches
839 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
840 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
841 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
842 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
843 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
844 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
851 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
852 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
853 PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to
858 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
866 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
874 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
876 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
878 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
882 =item Backward Compatibility
884 =item Category Hierarchy
888 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
900 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
908 =item Looking at data and -w and w
912 =item Stepping through code
914 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
916 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
934 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
940 =item The Perl Debugger
944 =item Debugger Commands
946 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
947 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
948 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
949 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
950 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
951 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
952 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
953 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
954 cmd, @ file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man
957 =item Configurable Options
959 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
960 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
961 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
962 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
963 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
964 C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
966 =item Debugger input/output
968 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
971 =item Debugging compile-time statements
973 =item Debugger Customization
975 =item Readline Support
977 =item Editor Support for Debugging
979 =item The Perl Profiler
983 =item Debugging regular expressions
985 =item Debugging memory usage
993 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1001 =item Predefined Names
1003 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1004 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1005 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1006 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1007 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1008 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1009 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1010 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1011 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1012 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1013 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1014 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1015 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1016 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1017 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1018 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1019 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1020 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1021 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1022 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1023 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1024 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1025 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1026 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1027 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1028 $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200,
1029 $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME,
1030 $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
1031 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC,
1032 @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1034 =item Error Indicators
1036 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1044 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1052 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1054 =item Growing Your Own
1056 =item Access and Printing
1068 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1074 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1082 =item The Minus File
1084 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1090 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1094 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1098 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1102 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1104 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1106 =item Paths as Opens
1108 =item Single Argument Open
1110 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1114 =item Other I/O Issues
1118 =item Opening Non-File Files
1128 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1134 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1140 =item Part 1: The basics
1144 =item Simple word matching
1146 =item Using character classes
1148 =item Matching this or that
1150 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1152 =item Extracting matches
1154 =item Matching repetitions
1156 =item Building a regexp
1158 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1162 =item Part 2: Power tools
1166 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1168 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1170 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1172 =item Non-capturing groupings
1174 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1176 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1178 =item Conditional expressions
1180 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1182 =item Pragmas and debugging
1190 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1194 =item Acknowledgments
1200 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1210 =item Regular Expressions
1212 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1214 =item Extended Patterns
1216 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1217 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1218 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1219 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1223 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1225 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1227 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1229 =item Combining pieces together
1231 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1232 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1233 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1234 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1236 =item Creating custom RE engines
1246 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1256 =item Making References
1258 =item Using References
1260 =item Symbolic references
1262 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1264 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1266 =item Function Templates
1276 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1284 =item Format Variables
1294 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1302 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1310 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1312 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1314 =item Invoking a barnyard
1316 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1318 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1320 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1322 =item A few notes about @ISA
1324 =item Overriding the methods
1326 =item Starting the search from a different place
1328 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1330 =item Where we're at so far...
1332 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1334 =item Invoking an instance method
1336 =item Accessing the instance data
1338 =item How to build a horse
1340 =item Inheriting the constructor
1342 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1344 =item Adding parameters to a method
1346 =item More interesting instances
1348 =item A horse of a different color
1360 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1366 =item Creating a Class
1370 =item Object Representation
1372 =item Class Interface
1374 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1376 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1380 =item Other Object Methods
1388 =item Accessing Class Data
1390 =item Debugging Methods
1392 =item Class Destructors
1394 =item Documenting the Interface
1404 =item Overridden Methods
1406 =item Multiple Inheritance
1408 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1412 =item Alternate Object Representations
1416 =item Arrays as Objects
1418 =item Closures as Objects
1422 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1426 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1428 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1432 =item Metaclassical Tools
1438 =item Data Members as Variables
1446 =item Object Terminology
1452 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1458 =item Acknowledgments
1464 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1470 =item Class Data in a Can
1472 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1476 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1478 =item Inheritance Concerns
1480 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1482 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1484 =item Monadic Classes
1486 =item Translucent Attributes
1490 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1494 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1496 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1498 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1500 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1502 =item Translucency Revisited
1510 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1512 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1518 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1526 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1528 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1530 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1532 =item Method Invocation
1534 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1536 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1538 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1544 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1552 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1558 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1560 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1562 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1564 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1566 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1568 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1570 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1572 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1574 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1576 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1582 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1594 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1599 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1600 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1601 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1602 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1607 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1608 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1609 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1611 =item Tying FileHandles
1613 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1614 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1619 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1631 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1632 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1648 =item Using open() for IPC
1654 =item Background Processes
1656 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1658 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1660 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1662 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1666 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1670 =item Internet Line Terminators
1672 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1674 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1678 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1682 =item A Simple Client
1684 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1686 =item A Webget Client
1688 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1692 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1694 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1696 =item UDP: Message Passing
1710 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1720 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1722 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1723 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1724 files, directories and network sockets
1726 =item Resource limits
1728 =item Killing the parent process
1730 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1732 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1734 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1735 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1736 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1748 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1756 =item Storing numbers
1758 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1760 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1762 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1763 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1764 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1773 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1781 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1787 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1789 =item Threaded Program Models
1801 =item Native threads
1803 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1805 =item Threadsafe Modules
1811 =item Basic Thread Support
1813 =item Creating Threads
1815 =item Giving up control
1817 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1819 =item Errors In Threads
1821 =item Ignoring A Thread
1825 =item Threads And Data
1829 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1831 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1833 =item Controlling access: lock()
1835 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1837 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1841 =item Threads And Code
1845 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1847 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1849 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1851 =item Subroutine Locks
1855 =item Locking A Subroutine
1859 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1863 =item What Thread Am I In?
1867 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1869 =item What Threads Are Running?
1873 =item A Complete Example
1881 =item Introductory Texts
1883 =item OS-Related References
1885 =item Other References
1889 =item Acknowledgements
1897 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1903 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1912 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1914 =item Files and Filesystems
1916 =item System Interaction
1918 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1920 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1922 =item Standard Modules
1926 =item Character sets and character encoding
1928 =item Internationalisation
1930 =item System Resources
1940 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1941 http://testers.cpan.org/
1949 =item DOS and Derivatives
1957 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1965 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1969 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1971 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1972 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1973 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1974 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
1975 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
1976 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
1977 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
1978 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
1979 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
1980 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
1981 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
1982 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
1983 kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
1984 lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
1985 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
1986 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
1987 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1988 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1989 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1990 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1991 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1992 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1993 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1994 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1995 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1996 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2002 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2003 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2004 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2005 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2006 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2007 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2009 =item Supported Platforms
2013 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2019 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2026 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2032 =item The use locale pragma
2034 =item The setlocale function
2036 =item Finding locales
2038 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2040 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2042 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2044 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2046 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2048 =item The localeconv function
2050 =item I18N::Langinfo
2054 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2058 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2060 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2062 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2064 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2068 =item Other categories
2076 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2077 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2083 =item Backward compatibility
2085 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2087 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2089 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2091 =item Freely available locale definitions
2095 =item An imperfect standard
2103 =item Broken systems
2113 =head2 perlunintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2123 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2125 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2127 =item Creating Unicode
2129 =item Handling Unicode
2131 =item Legacy Encodings
2137 =item Advanced Topics
2141 =item Questions With Answers
2143 Will My Old Scripts Break?, How Do I Make My Scripts Work With Unicode?,
2144 How Do I Know Whether My String Is In Unicode?, How Do I Detect Invalid
2145 UTF-8?, How Do I Convert Data Into UTF-8? Or Vice Versa?, How Do I Display
2146 Unicode? How Do I Input Unicode?, How Does Unicode Work With Traditional
2149 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2151 =item Further Resources
2157 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
2159 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2163 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2171 =item Important Caveats
2173 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2174 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2176 =item Byte and Character semantics
2178 =item Effects of character semantics
2184 =item Character encodings for input and output
2190 =item UNICODE REGULAR EXPRESSION SUPPORT LEVEL
2194 =item Unicode Encodings
2196 UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-16BE, UTF16-LE, Surrogates, and BOMs (Byte Order Marks),
2197 UTF-32, UTF-32BE, UTF32-LE, UCS-2, UCS-4, UTF-7
2199 =item Security Implications of Malformed UTF-8
2201 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2209 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2215 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2223 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2227 =item 13 variant characters
2235 =item Unicode and UTF
2239 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2241 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2243 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2257 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2259 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2261 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2263 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2271 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2273 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2275 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2277 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2281 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2285 =item URL decoding and encoding
2287 =item uu encoding and decoding
2289 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2291 =item Caesarian ciphers
2295 =item Hashing order and checksums
2299 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2311 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2331 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2339 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2341 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2343 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2347 =item Protecting Your Programs
2355 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2367 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2373 =item Making your module threadsafe
2381 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2391 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2392 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2406 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2412 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2416 =item Pragmatic Modules
2418 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2419 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2420 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, threads, utf8, vars, warnings,
2423 =item Standard Modules
2425 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2426 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2427 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2428 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2429 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2430 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2431 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2432 Dumpvalue, Encode, Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env,
2433 Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant,
2434 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2435 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
2436 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
2437 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
2438 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
2439 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
2440 File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2441 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2442 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2443 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate,
2444 I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
2445 Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
2446 Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
2447 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2448 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
2449 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
2450 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Saves, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2451 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2452 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2453 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2454 PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX,
2455 Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select,
2456 Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap,
2457 Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
2458 Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
2459 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Test::More,
2460 Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
2461 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array,
2462 Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash,
2463 Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL,
2464 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Unicode::UCD, User::grent,
2467 =item Extension Modules
2479 =item Central America
2491 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2495 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2497 Adding a Copyright Notice
2499 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2501 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2509 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2515 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2519 =item Before you start
2527 =item Release considerations
2531 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2535 =item Has it been done before?
2537 =item Do one thing and do it well
2539 =item What's in a name?
2543 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2547 =item To OO or not to OO?
2549 =item Designing your API
2551 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2552 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2555 =item Strictness and warnings
2557 =item Backwards compatibility
2559 =item Error handling and messages
2563 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2569 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2573 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2577 =item Version numbering
2579 =item Pre-requisites
2589 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2593 =item Reinventing the wheel
2595 =item Trying to do too much
2597 =item Inappropriate documentation
2603 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2604 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2610 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2620 =item What should I make into a module?
2622 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2624 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2626 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2628 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2629 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2630 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2632 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2634 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2635 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2645 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.2 $, $Date:
2646 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)
2656 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2658 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2660 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2662 =item What is perl6?
2664 =item How stable is Perl?
2666 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2668 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2671 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2673 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2675 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2677 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2679 =item What is a JAPH?
2681 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2683 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2684 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2688 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2692 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.3 $,
2693 $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)
2701 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2703 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2705 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2707 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2710 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2711 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2713 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2714 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2716 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2718 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2720 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2722 =item Where should I post source code?
2726 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2728 =item Perl in Magazines
2730 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2732 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2734 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2736 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2738 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2740 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2744 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2748 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
2757 =item How do I do (anything)?
2759 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2761 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2763 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2765 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2767 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2769 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2771 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2773 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2775 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2776 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2777 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2779 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2781 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2783 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2785 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2787 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2789 =item What is undump?
2791 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2793 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2795 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
2796 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
2798 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2800 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2802 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2804 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2806 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2808 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2810 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2812 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2814 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2816 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2818 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2820 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2822 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2823 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2825 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2828 =item What's MakeMaker?
2832 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2836 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
2847 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2848 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2850 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2852 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2855 =item How do I convert between numeric representations:
2857 B<How do I convert Hexadecimal into decimal:>, B<How do I convert from
2858 decimal to hexadecimal:>, B<How do I convert from octal to decimal:>, B<How
2859 do I convert from decimal to octal:>, B<How do I convert from binary to
2860 decimal:>, B<How do I convert from decimal to binary:>
2862 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2864 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2866 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2868 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2870 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2878 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2880 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2882 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2884 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2886 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2888 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2890 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2898 =item How do I validate input?
2900 =item How do I unescape a string?
2902 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2904 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2906 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2908 =item How do I reverse a string?
2910 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2912 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2914 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2916 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2918 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2921 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2923 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2924 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2926 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2928 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2930 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2932 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2934 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2936 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2938 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2940 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2941 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2950 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2952 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2954 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2958 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
2961 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2962 intersection of two arrays?
2964 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2966 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2968 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2970 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2972 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2974 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2976 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2978 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2980 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2982 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2984 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2988 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2992 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2994 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2997 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2999 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3001 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3003 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3005 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3007 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3009 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3011 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3013 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3015 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3017 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3020 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3021 array of hashes or arrays?
3023 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3031 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3033 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3035 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3037 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3039 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3041 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3043 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3047 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3051 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
3060 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3062 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3063 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3065 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3067 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3069 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3071 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3072 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3074 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3076 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3078 =item How can I write() into a string?
3080 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3082 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3084 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3086 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3088 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3090 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3092 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3094 =item How can I lock a file?
3096 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3098 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3099 the file. How can I do this?
3101 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3102 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3104 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3106 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3108 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3110 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3112 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3114 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3116 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3118 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3120 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3122 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3124 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3126 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
3127 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3129 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3131 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3132 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3134 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3136 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3140 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3144 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)
3152 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3153 and unmaintainable code?
3155 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3157 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3159 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3162 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3164 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3167 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3169 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3171 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3173 =item What is C</o> really for?
3175 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3178 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3180 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3182 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3184 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3186 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3188 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3190 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3192 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3194 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3196 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3198 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3200 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3202 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3206 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3210 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/07
3219 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3221 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3224 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3227 =item How do I skip some return values?
3229 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3231 =item What's an extension?
3233 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3235 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3237 =item How do I create a module?
3239 =item How do I create a class?
3241 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3243 =item What's a closure?
3245 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3247 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3250 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3253 =item How do I create a static variable?
3255 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3256 Between local() and my()?
3258 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3261 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3263 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3265 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3267 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3269 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3271 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3273 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3275 =item How can I find out my current package?
3277 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3279 =item How do I clear a package?
3281 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3285 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3289 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
3298 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3300 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3302 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3304 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3306 =item How do I print something out in color?
3308 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3310 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3312 =item How do I clear the screen?
3314 =item How do I get the screen size?
3316 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3318 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3320 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3322 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3324 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3326 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3328 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3330 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3332 =item How do I set the time and date?
3334 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3336 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3338 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3340 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3341 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3343 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3345 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3347 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3349 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3351 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3353 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3355 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3357 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3359 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3361 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3364 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3366 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3368 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3370 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3373 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3374 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3375 changes to be visible?
3379 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3382 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3384 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3386 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3388 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3390 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3392 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3394 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3396 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3398 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3400 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3402 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3404 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3407 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3409 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3413 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3417 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04
3426 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3428 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3431 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3433 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3435 =item How do I extract URLs?
3437 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3438 file on another machine?
3440 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3442 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3444 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3446 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3448 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3450 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3452 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3454 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3455 CGI script to do bad things?
3457 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3459 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3461 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3463 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3465 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3467 =item How do I send mail?
3469 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3471 =item How do I read mail?
3473 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3475 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3477 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3479 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3483 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3487 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3497 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3501 =item Using The Back Ends
3505 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3509 =item The Decompiling Back End
3511 =item The Lint Back End
3513 =item The Simple C Back End
3515 =item The Bytecode Back End
3517 =item The Optimized C Back End
3519 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3520 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3521 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3525 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3531 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3541 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3542 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3546 =item Compiling your C program
3548 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3550 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3552 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3554 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3556 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3558 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3560 =item Execution of END blocks
3562 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3564 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3569 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3579 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3585 =item Debugger Internals
3589 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3593 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3595 =item Debugging regular expressions
3599 =item Compile-time output
3601 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3602 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3603 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3606 =item Types of nodes
3608 =item Run-time output
3612 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3616 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3618 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3619 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3622 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3624 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3626 =item B<-DL> details
3630 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3638 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3650 =item Version caveat
3652 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3664 =item What has gone on?
3666 =item Writing good test scripts
3670 =item What's new here?
3672 =item Input and Output Parameters
3674 =item The XSUBPP Program
3676 =item The TYPEMAP file
3678 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3682 =item What has happened here?
3684 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3686 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3688 =item More about XSUB arguments
3690 =item The Argument Stack
3692 =item Extending your Extension
3694 =item Documenting your Extension
3696 =item Installing your Extension
3700 =item New Things in this Example
3704 =item New Things in this Example
3706 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3708 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3710 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3712 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3728 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3740 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3742 =item The Argument Stack
3744 =item The RETVAL Variable
3746 =item The MODULE Keyword
3748 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3750 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3752 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3754 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3756 =item The CODE: Keyword
3758 =item The INIT: Keyword
3760 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3762 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3764 =item Default Parameter Values
3766 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3768 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3770 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3772 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3774 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3776 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3778 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3780 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3782 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3784 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3786 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3788 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3790 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3792 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3794 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3796 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3798 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3800 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3802 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3804 =item The CASE: Keyword
3806 =item The & Unary Operator
3808 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3810 =item Using XS With C++
3812 =item Interface Strategy
3814 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3828 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3838 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3840 =item File Operations
3842 =item File Input and Output
3844 =item File Positioning
3846 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3848 =item Character Class Tests
3850 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3852 =item Miscellaneous functions
3860 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3872 =item What is an "IV"?
3874 =item Working with SVs
3878 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3880 =item Working with AVs
3882 =item Working with HVs
3884 =item Hash API Extensions
3888 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3890 =item Creating New Variables
3892 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3894 =item Stashes and Globs
3896 =item Double-Typed SVs
3898 =item Magic Variables
3900 =item Assigning Magic
3902 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3906 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3908 =item Localizing changes
3910 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3911 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3912 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3913 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3914 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3915 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3916 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3917 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3918 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3919 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3927 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3929 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3931 =item Memory Allocation
3935 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3939 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3949 =item Examining the tree
3951 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3953 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3955 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3957 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3959 =item Pluggable runops
3963 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3965 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3969 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3971 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3973 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3975 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3977 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3981 =item Internal Functions
3983 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3987 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3989 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3991 =item Source Documentation
3995 =item Unicode Support
3999 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4001 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4003 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4005 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4007 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4009 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4013 =item Custom Operators
4021 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4027 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4029 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4031 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4051 =item Determining the Context
4055 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4061 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4063 =item Passing Parameters
4065 =item Returning a Scalar
4067 =item Returning a list of values
4069 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4071 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4075 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4079 =item Using call_argv
4081 =item Using call_method
4085 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4087 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4089 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4090 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4093 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4095 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4107 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4117 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4118 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4119 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4120 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4124 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4126 =item Administration
4128 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4132 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4133 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4141 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4151 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4153 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4155 B<Decryption Filters>
4157 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4159 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4161 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4173 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4181 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4182 B<filter_fetch_value>
4188 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4190 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4200 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4206 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4207 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4208 ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
4209 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK,
4210 dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
4211 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, getcwd_sv, get_av, get_cv, get_hv,
4212 get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number,
4213 grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
4214 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD,
4215 G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV,
4216 HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete,
4217 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4218 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4219 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
4220 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
4221 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
4222 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
4223 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSV, newSViv,
4224 newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv,
4225 newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
4226 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_clone, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free,
4227 perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef,
4228 PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK,
4229 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL,
4230 Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, scan_bin, scan_hex, scan_oct,
4231 sharedsv_find, sharedsv_init, sharedsv_lock, sharedsv_new,
4232 sharedsv_thrcnt_dec, sharedsv_thrcnt_inc, sharedsv_unlock, sortsv, SP,
4233 SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE,
4234 StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp,
4235 SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV,
4236 SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp,
4237 SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK,
4238 SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4239 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4240 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVX, SvPVx,
4241 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4242 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV,
4243 SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4244 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV,
4245 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
4246 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVx, SvUVX, sv_2bool, sv_2cv,
4247 sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4248 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4249 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4250 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4251 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec,
4252 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free,
4253 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
4254 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
4255 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
4256 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
4257 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4258 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4259 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg,
4260 sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv,
4261 sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags,
4262 sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true,
4263 sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
4264 sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
4265 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn,
4266 THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, to_utf8_case, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni,
4267 utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr,
4268 utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
4269 XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
4270 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO,
4271 XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
4280 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4287 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
4288 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena,
4289 sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4297 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4307 =item History and Background
4309 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4311 =item Data Structures
4313 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
4314 data for a particular handle
4316 =item Functions and Attributes
4318 =item Per-instance Data
4320 =item Layers in action.
4322 =item Per-instance flag bits
4324 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4325 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4326 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4327 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4329 =item Methods in Detail
4331 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4332 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4333 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
4334 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
4335 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
4336 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
4337 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4338 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4339 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4340 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
4341 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
4342 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
4343 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
4344 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4348 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4350 =item Extension Layers
4352 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4358 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4366 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4367 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4368 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4369 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4370 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4371 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4372 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4373 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4374 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4375 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4376 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4380 =item Co-existence with stdio
4382 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4383 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4385 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4387 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4388 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4389 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4390 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4392 =item Other Functions
4394 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4395 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4401 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4407 =item To do during 5.6.x
4411 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4413 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4415 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4417 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4419 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4423 =item use Thread for iThreads
4425 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4427 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4429 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4431 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4433 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4435 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4437 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4439 =item Complete signal handling
4441 =item Out-of-source builds
4443 =item POSIX realtime support
4445 =item UNIX98 support
4449 =item Long double conversion
4453 =item Thread-safe regexes
4455 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4457 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4459 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4461 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4463 =item Custom opcodes
4465 =item DLL Versioning
4467 =item Introduce @( and @)
4469 =item Floating point handling
4471 =item IV/UV preservation
4473 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4475 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4477 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4479 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4481 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4483 =item Document Win32 choices
4485 =item Check new modules
4487 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4491 =item To do at some point
4495 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4497 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4499 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4501 =item bitfields in pack
4503 =item Cross compilation
4505 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4507 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4509 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4511 =item -i rename file when changed
4513 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4515 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4517 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4519 =item my sub foo { }
4521 =item One-pass global destruction
4523 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4525 =item Cache recently used regexps
4527 =item Re-entrant functions
4529 =item Cross-compilation support
4531 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4533 =item debugger pragma
4535 =item use less pragma
4537 =item switch structures
4539 =item Cache eval tree
4543 =item Shrink opcode tables
4545 =item Optimize away @_
4547 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4551 =item Prototype method calls
4553 =item Return context prototype declarations
4557 =item Garbage collection
4561 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4563 =item Rewrite perldoc
4565 =item Install .3p manpages
4567 =item Unicode tutorial
4569 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4571 =item Retargetable installation
4573 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4575 =item Rename Win32 headers
4577 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4579 =item Update sprintf documentation
4581 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4583 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4591 =item ref() in list context
4593 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4595 =item Compile to real threaded code
4597 =item Structured types
4599 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4601 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4605 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4607 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4611 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4613 =item Constant function cache
4615 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4623 =item Update guts documentation
4625 =item Add more tests
4627 =item Update auxiliary tools
4631 =item Recently done things
4635 =item Safe signal handling
4641 =item setitimer and getimiter
4643 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4645 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4647 =item Explicit switch statements
4655 =item perlcc to produce executable
4657 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4659 =item Secure temporary file module
4661 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4663 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4665 =item Mmap for input
4667 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4669 =item Add sockatmark support
4671 =item Mailing list archives
4675 =item Integrate MacPerl
4677 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4679 =item Regular expression tutorial
4681 =item Debugging Tutorial
4683 =item Integrate new modules
4685 =item Integrate profiler
4687 =item Y2K error detection
4689 =item Regular expression debugger
4693 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4695 =item Cache precompiled modules
4699 =item Deprecated Wishes
4703 =item Loop control on do{}
4705 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4711 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4713 =item Named prototypes
4715 =item Built-in globbing
4717 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4719 =item Cached hash values
4721 =item Add compression modules
4723 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4725 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4727 =item Make XS easier to use
4729 =item Make embedding easier to use
4733 =item my $Package::variable
4735 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4737 =item "class"-based lexicals
4741 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4743 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4745 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4747 =item Create debugging macros
4753 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4759 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4760 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4761 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4762 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4763 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4764 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4765 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4769 =item Keeping in sync
4771 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4772 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4774 =item Why rsync the source tree
4776 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
4778 =item Why rsync the patches
4780 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4781 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4783 =item Perlbug remote interface
4785 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
4786 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
4788 =item Submitting patches
4790 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4791 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4793 =item Finding Your Way Around
4795 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4797 =item Elements of the interpreter
4799 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4801 =item Internal Variable Types
4807 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4809 =item Millions of Macros
4811 =item Poking at Perl
4813 =item Using a source-level debugger
4815 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4816 finish, 'enter', print
4818 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4822 =item Patching a core module
4824 =item Adding a new function to the core
4826 =item Writing a test
4828 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
4829 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
4833 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4837 =item Rational Software's Purify
4839 =item Purify on Unix
4841 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4845 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4847 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4849 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4853 =item Gprof Profiling
4855 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4857 =item GCC gcov Profiling
4859 =item Pixie Profiling
4861 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4866 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4874 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4882 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4894 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4896 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4900 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4904 =head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0
4910 =item Reporting Bugs
4918 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
4924 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4926 =item Incompatible Changes
4930 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
4932 =item AIX Dynaloading
4934 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
4936 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
4942 =item Core Enhancements
4944 =item Modules and Pragmata
4948 =item New Modules and Distributions
4950 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4954 =item Utility Changes
4956 =item New Documentation
4958 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4962 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4964 =item Generic Improvements
4968 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4972 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4976 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4978 =item Source Code Enhancements
4982 =item MAGIC constants
4984 =item Better commented code
4986 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
4994 =item Known Problems
5000 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5002 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5004 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5006 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configur
5008 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5010 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5014 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5016 =item Failure of Thread tests
5026 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5028 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5030 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5032 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5034 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5036 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5040 =item Reporting Bugs
5048 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5054 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5056 =item Incompatible Changes
5058 =item Core Enhancements
5062 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5064 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5066 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5070 =item Modules and Pragmata
5076 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5080 =item Performance Enhancements
5082 =item Utility Changes
5084 =item New Documentation
5100 =item README.solaris
5104 =item Porting/repository.pod
5108 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5112 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5114 =item Generic Improvements
5116 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5117 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5118 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5122 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5126 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5130 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5132 =item Changed Internals
5136 =item Known Problems
5140 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5142 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5144 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5146 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5150 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5152 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5154 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5156 =item Failure of Thread tests
5158 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5160 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5162 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5164 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5168 =item Reporting Bugs
5176 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5182 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5184 =item Incompatible Changes
5186 =item Core Enhancements
5188 =item Modules and Pragmata
5194 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5198 =item Utility Changes
5200 =item New Documentation
5202 =item Performance Enhancements
5204 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5208 =item Generic Improvements
5212 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5216 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5220 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5222 =item Changed Internals
5224 =item Known Problems
5228 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5230 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5232 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5234 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5236 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5238 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5240 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5242 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5244 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5246 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5250 =item Reporting Bugs
5258 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
5264 =item Core Enhancements
5268 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5270 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5272 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5274 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5276 =item "our" declarations
5278 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5280 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5282 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5284 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5286 =item open() with more than two arguments
5288 =item 64-bit support
5290 =item Large file support
5296 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5298 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5300 =item File globbing implemented internally
5302 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5304 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5306 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5308 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5310 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5312 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5314 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5316 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5318 =item Comments in pack() templates
5320 =item Weak references
5322 =item Binary numbers supported
5324 =item Lvalue subroutines
5326 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5328 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5330 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5332 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5334 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5336 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5338 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5340 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5342 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5344 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5346 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5348 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5350 =item Improved diagnostics
5352 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5354 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5356 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5358 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5360 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5362 =item Improved security features
5364 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5366 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5368 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5370 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5372 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5374 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5376 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5380 =item Modules and Pragmata
5386 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5387 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5388 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5389 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5390 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5391 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5392 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5393 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5399 =item Utility Changes
5413 =item The Perl Debugger
5417 =item Improved Documentation
5419 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5420 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5421 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5422 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5424 =item Performance enhancements
5428 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5430 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5432 =item Faster subroutine calls
5434 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5438 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5442 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5444 =item New Configure flags
5446 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5452 =item -Duselargefiles
5454 =item installusrbinperl
5460 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5464 =item Platform specific changes
5468 =item Supported platforms
5472 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5480 =item Significant bug fixes
5484 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5486 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5488 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5490 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5492 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5494 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5496 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5498 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5500 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5502 =item Locale bugs fixed
5506 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5508 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5510 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5512 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5516 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5518 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5519 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5520 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5521 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5522 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5523 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5524 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5525 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5526 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5527 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5528 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5529 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5530 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5531 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5532 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5533 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5534 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5535 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5536 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5537 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5538 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5539 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5540 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5541 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5542 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5543 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5544 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5545 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5546 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5547 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5548 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5549 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5550 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5551 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5552 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5553 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5554 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5555 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5556 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5557 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5558 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5559 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5560 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5561 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5562 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5563 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5564 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5565 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5566 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5567 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5571 =item Incompatible Changes
5575 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5577 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5578 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5579 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5580 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5581 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5582 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5583 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5584 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5585 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5586 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5587 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5589 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5591 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5593 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5595 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5597 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5601 =item Known Problems
5605 =item Thread test failures
5607 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5609 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5611 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5613 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5616 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5618 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5620 =item Experimental features
5622 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5623 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5624 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5628 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5630 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5631 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5632 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5633 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5635 =item Reporting Bugs
5643 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5649 =item About the new versioning system
5651 =item Incompatible Changes
5655 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5657 =item Default installation structure has changed
5659 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5661 =item C Source Compatibility
5663 =item Binary Compatibility
5665 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5667 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5681 =item Regular Expressions
5683 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5684 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5685 improvements, Incompatible changes
5687 =item Improved malloc()
5689 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5691 =item Reliable signals
5693 =item Reliable stack pointers
5695 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5699 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5701 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5703 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5705 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5707 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5709 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5711 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5713 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5715 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5717 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5719 =item Better locale support
5721 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5723 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5725 =item Extended support for exception handling
5727 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5729 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5731 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5733 =item New C<lock> keyword
5735 =item New C<qr//> operator
5737 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5739 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5741 =item Tied handles support is better
5743 =item 4th argument to substr
5745 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5747 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5749 =item <> now reads in records
5753 =item Supported Platforms
5759 =item Changes in existing support
5763 =item Modules and Pragmata
5769 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5770 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5771 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5773 =item Changes in existing modules
5775 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5776 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5780 =item Utility Changes
5782 =item Documentation Changes
5784 =item New Diagnostics
5786 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5787 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5788 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5789 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5790 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5791 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5792 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5793 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5794 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5795 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5796 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5797 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5798 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5799 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5800 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5801 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5802 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5804 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5806 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5807 temporary file, regexp too big
5809 =item Configuration Changes
5819 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5825 =item Supported Environments
5831 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5833 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5835 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5837 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5839 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5841 =item More precise warnings
5843 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5845 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5847 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5849 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5851 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5853 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5855 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5857 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5859 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5861 =item Changes to tainting checks
5863 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5864 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5866 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5868 =item Embedding improvements
5870 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5872 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5874 =item New and changed syntax
5878 =item New and changed builtin constants
5882 =item New and changed builtin variables
5886 =item New and changed builtin functions
5888 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5889 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5890 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5891 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5892 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5894 =item New builtin methods
5896 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5898 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5900 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5901 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5903 =item Malloc enhancements
5905 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5907 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5911 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5927 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5928 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5934 =item Required Updates
5936 =item Installation directories
5938 =item Module information summary
5952 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5956 =item Utility Changes
5962 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5966 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5970 =item C Language API Changes
5972 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5975 =item Documentation Changes
5977 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5978 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5980 =item New Diagnostics
5982 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5983 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5984 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5985 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5986 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5987 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5988 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5989 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5990 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5991 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5992 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5993 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5994 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5995 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5996 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5997 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5998 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5999 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6000 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6001 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6002 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6003 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6004 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6005 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6006 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6016 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6024 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6028 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6030 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
6032 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
6034 =item Using Large Files with Perl
6040 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
6050 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
6060 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
6074 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
6076 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
6078 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
6080 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
6086 =item Accessing documentation
6090 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
6092 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
6094 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
6096 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
6100 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
6104 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
6106 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
6108 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
6110 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
6112 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
6122 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
6130 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
6132 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
6136 =item Contact Information
6142 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
6152 =item gzip on BS2000
6154 =item bison on BS2000
6156 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
6158 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
6160 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
6162 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
6164 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
6166 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
6168 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
6202 =item Acknowledgements
6208 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
6214 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
6218 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
6220 =item Cygwin Configuration
6222 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
6226 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
6230 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
6232 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
6234 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
6235 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
6237 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
6239 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
6240 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
6242 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
6244 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
6248 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
6252 =item Warnings on Cygwin
6258 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
6262 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
6264 =item Hard Links on Cygwin
6266 =item Filetime Granularity on Cygwin
6268 =item Tainting Checks on Cygwin
6270 =item /etc/group on Cygwin
6272 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
6274 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
6278 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
6280 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
6282 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
6283 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
6285 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
6293 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
6305 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
6309 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
6311 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
6313 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
6315 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
6325 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
6335 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
6339 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
6341 =item Building Perl on DOS
6343 =item Testing Perl on DOS
6345 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
6349 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
6353 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
6355 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
6357 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
6359 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
6369 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
6377 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
6379 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
6381 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
6383 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
6387 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
6389 =item PATH Names on Epoc
6391 =item Editors on Epoc
6393 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
6395 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
6397 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
6401 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
6409 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
6418 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
6420 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
6432 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
6434 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
6436 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
6438 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
6440 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
6442 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
6444 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
6446 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
6448 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
6450 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
6452 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
6456 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
6464 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
6472 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
6480 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
6489 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
6491 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
6493 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
6495 =item Building external modules on MachTen
6505 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
6519 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
6525 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
6531 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
6539 =item What's New in Perl ffor MPE/iX
6541 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
6543 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
6545 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
6547 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
6549 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
6550 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
6552 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
6556 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
6558 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
6560 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
6562 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
6564 =item Perl/iX Change History
6580 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
6592 =item Build new extensions
6596 =item Acknowledgements
6604 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
6624 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
6626 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
6628 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
6632 =item Frequently asked questions
6636 =item "It does not work"
6638 =item I cannot run external programs
6640 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
6643 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
6646 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
6648 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
6656 =item Automatic binary installation
6658 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
6660 =item Manual binary installation
6662 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
6663 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
6664 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
6665 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
6666 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
6672 =item Accessing documentation
6676 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
6684 =item GNU C<info> files
6696 =item The short story
6700 =item Getting perl source
6702 =item Application of the patches
6710 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
6713 =item Installing the built perl
6715 =item C<a.out>-style build
6723 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
6725 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
6727 =item Problems with tr or sed
6729 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
6731 =item Library ... not found
6733 =item Segfault in make
6735 =item op/sprintf test failure
6739 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
6743 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
6747 =item C<extproc> on the first line
6749 =item Additional modules:
6751 =item Prebuilt methods:
6753 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
6754 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
6755 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
6756 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
6757 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
6758 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
6759 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
6760 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
6761 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
6762 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
6763 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
6765 =item Prebuilt variables:
6767 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
6773 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
6776 =item Identifying DLLs
6778 =item Centralized management of resources
6794 =item F<perl___.exe>
6796 =item Why strange names?
6798 =item Why dynamic linking?
6800 =item Why chimera build?
6808 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6810 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6812 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6814 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6816 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6818 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6828 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
6830 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
6832 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
6835 =item DLL forwarder generation
6839 =item Calls to external programs
6841 =item Memory allocation
6845 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6861 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6871 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
6873 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
6875 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
6877 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
6879 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6881 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6883 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6885 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
6887 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6889 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
6899 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
6907 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
6915 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
6917 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
6919 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
6921 =item QNX auxiliary files
6925 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
6933 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
6943 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
6945 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
6947 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
6949 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
6953 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
6957 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
6969 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6977 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6983 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6989 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
6991 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
6993 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
6997 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
7001 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7003 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
7005 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7009 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
7011 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
7012 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
7013 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
7019 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
7021 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7025 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
7027 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
7031 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
7035 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
7037 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
7041 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
7043 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
7045 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
7055 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
7056 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
7064 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
7066 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
7068 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
7070 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
7072 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
7074 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
7078 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
7084 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
7092 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
7094 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
7100 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
7110 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
7112 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
7114 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
7116 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
7118 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
7128 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
7134 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
7142 =item Organization of Perl Images
7148 =item Perl Extensions
7150 =item Installing static extensions
7152 =item Installing dynamic extensions
7156 =item File specifications
7162 =item Wildcard expansion
7168 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
7174 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
7176 =item Command line switches
7182 =item Perl functions
7184 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
7185 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
7186 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
7187 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
7189 =item Perl variables
7191 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
7193 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
7207 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
7215 =item Stratus POSIX Support
7219 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
7223 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
7225 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
7229 =item USING PERL IN VOS
7233 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
7235 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
7239 =item SUPPORT STATUS
7247 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
7257 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
7259 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC
7263 =item Testing Perl on Win32
7265 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
7267 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
7269 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
7270 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
7271 Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things
7275 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
7279 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
7280 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
7281 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
7289 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
7291 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7303 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7313 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
7314 data structures between threads
7326 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
7327 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
7337 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
7346 new, function, LIST, $thread->join, $thread->detach, threads->self,
7351 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
7354 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
7358 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
7359 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
7365 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
7375 =item Built-in Attributes
7377 locked, method, lvalue
7379 =item Available Subroutines
7383 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
7385 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
7387 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
7395 =item Default exports
7397 =item Available exports
7399 =item Export tags defined
7409 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7421 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
7437 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
7451 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
7465 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
7478 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
7487 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
7489 =item charnames::viacode(code)
7495 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
7507 =item List constants
7509 =item Defining multiple constants at once
7511 =item Magic constants
7515 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
7525 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
7536 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
7538 =item The I<splain> Program
7552 =head2 encoding - pragma to control the conversion of legacy data into
7561 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
7567 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
7581 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
7591 =item subpragma access
7597 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
7608 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
7618 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
7628 =item Adding directories to @INC
7630 =item Deleting directories from @INC
7632 =item Restoring original @INC
7642 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
7653 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
7661 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
7663 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
7669 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
7681 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
7691 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
7693 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
7695 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
7697 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
7699 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
7701 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
7703 =item Overloadable Operations
7705 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
7706 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
7707 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
7709 =item Inheritance and overloading
7711 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
7712 is inherited by derived classes
7716 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
7724 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
7726 =item Copy Constructor
7732 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
7734 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
7735 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
7736 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
7739 =item Losing overloading
7741 =item Run-time Overloading
7743 =item Public functions
7745 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
7747 =item Overloading constants
7749 integer, float, binary, q, qr
7751 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7753 =item Metaphor clash
7759 =item Two-face scalars
7761 =item Two-face references
7763 =item Symbolic calculator
7765 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
7773 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
7774 type, `%s' is not a code reference
7780 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7790 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
7802 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
7804 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
7808 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
7812 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
7820 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
7828 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
7832 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
7842 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
7853 =item Utility functions
7855 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
7856 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
7864 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
7874 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
7882 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
7886 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
7894 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
7895 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
7896 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
7897 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
7898 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
7902 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
7912 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
7914 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
7924 =item DBM Comparisons
7934 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
7944 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
7948 =item Typed lexicals
7950 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
7952 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
7954 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
7956 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
7964 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
7965 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
7966 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
7967 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>
7977 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
7987 =item Subroutine Stubs
7989 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7991 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7993 =item Package Lexicals
7995 =item Not Using AutoLoader
7997 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
8007 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
8015 $keep, $check, $modtime
8019 =item Multiple packages
8027 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
8035 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
8039 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
8047 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
8061 =item B::PVMG METHODS
8065 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
8067 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
8069 =item B::PVLV METHODS
8071 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
8075 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
8079 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
8080 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
8084 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
8085 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
8089 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
8093 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
8098 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
8100 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
8104 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
8106 =item B::UNOP METHOD
8110 =item B::BINOP METHOD
8114 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
8118 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
8122 =item B::PMOP METHODS
8124 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
8126 =item B::SVOP METHOD
8130 =item B::PADOP METHOD
8134 =item B::PVOP METHOD
8138 =item B::LOOP METHODS
8140 redoop, nextop, lastop
8142 =item B::COP METHODS
8144 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
8148 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
8150 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
8151 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
8152 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
8153 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
8160 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
8173 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
8185 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
8197 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
8207 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
8208 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
8209 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
8219 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
8229 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
8230 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
8240 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
8250 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
8251 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
8252 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
8264 =item Context of ".."
8268 =item Deprecated features
8276 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
8286 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
8287 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
8288 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
8290 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
8292 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
8293 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
8294 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
8295 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
8296 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
8297 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
8298 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
8299 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
8305 =item OP flags abbreviations
8307 =item OP class abbreviations
8311 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
8317 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
8329 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
8339 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
8340 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
8342 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
8352 =item ambient_pragmas
8354 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
8366 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
8378 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
8386 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
8388 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
8389 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
8391 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
8401 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
8411 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8417 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
8429 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
8441 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
8443 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
8455 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
8465 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
8473 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
8485 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
8499 =item Standard Exports
8501 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
8502 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
8503 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
8505 =item Optional Exports
8507 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
8508 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
8509 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
8525 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
8529 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
8543 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
8553 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
8554 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
8555 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
8565 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
8577 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
8579 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
8581 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
8583 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
8585 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
8587 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
8589 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
8591 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
8593 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
8595 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
8597 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
8599 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
8601 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
8603 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
8605 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
8607 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
8609 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
8611 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
8612 B<:standard>, B<:all>
8616 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
8617 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
8620 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
8622 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
8623 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
8628 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
8632 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
8634 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
8636 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
8638 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
8640 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
8642 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
8644 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
8646 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
8647 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
8649 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
8653 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
8657 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
8659 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
8661 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
8663 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
8665 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
8667 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
8668 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
8670 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
8674 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
8678 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
8680 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
8682 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
8684 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
8688 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
8690 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
8692 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
8696 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
8698 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
8702 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
8706 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
8710 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
8714 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
8718 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
8720 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
8722 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
8726 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
8728 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
8729 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
8731 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
8737 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
8738 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
8740 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
8742 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
8743 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
8746 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
8752 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
8756 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
8758 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
8759 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
8760 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
8761 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
8762 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
8763 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
8765 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
8767 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
8772 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
8774 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
8776 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
8777 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
8779 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
8781 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8785 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
8786 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
8787 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
8788 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
8789 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
8790 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
8791 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
8792 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
8793 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
8794 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
8795 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
8796 ...and many many more..
8798 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
8806 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
8816 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8824 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
8833 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
8835 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
8839 =item Changing the default message
8843 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
8853 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
8861 =item USING CGI::Cookie
8863 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
8867 =item Creating New Cookies
8869 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
8871 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
8873 =item Manipulating Cookies
8875 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
8879 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8887 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
8895 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
8897 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
8899 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
8901 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
8903 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
8905 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
8909 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8917 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
8927 =item Tags that won't be formatted
8929 =item Customizing the Indenting
8941 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
8949 =item USING CGI::Push
8951 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
8955 =item Heterogeneous Pages
8957 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
8961 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
8963 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8971 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
8981 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8989 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
8997 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9003 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
9013 =item Interactive Mode
9015 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
9016 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
9017 distribution, ls author, Signals
9025 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
9027 =item Programmer's interface
9029 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
9031 =item Methods in the other Classes
9033 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
9034 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
9035 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
9036 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
9037 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
9038 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
9039 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
9040 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
9041 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
9042 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
9043 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
9044 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
9045 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
9046 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
9047 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
9048 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
9049 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
9050 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
9051 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
9052 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
9053 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
9054 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
9055 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
9056 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
9057 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
9058 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
9066 =item Finding packages and VERSION
9070 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
9076 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
9077 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
9078 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
9079 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
9083 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
9085 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
9093 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
9095 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
9099 =item Three basic types of firewalls
9101 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
9103 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
9109 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
9121 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
9131 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
9144 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
9154 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
9162 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
9164 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
9174 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
9175 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
9176 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
9178 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
9186 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
9196 =item The C<struct()> function
9198 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
9200 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
9202 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
9203 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
9205 =item Initializing with C<new>
9211 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
9213 =item Author and Modification History
9217 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
9225 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
9237 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
9241 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
9242 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
9243 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
9248 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
9249 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
9253 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
9254 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
9255 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
9256 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
9257 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
9258 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
9262 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
9263 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
9264 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
9265 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
9266 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
9267 C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>,
9268 C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>,
9269 C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
9270 C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>,
9271 C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
9272 C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
9273 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
9274 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
9275 C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
9276 C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
9277 C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>,
9278 C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>,
9279 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
9280 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>,
9281 C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
9282 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
9283 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
9284 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
9285 C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>,
9286 C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
9287 C<d_htonl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
9288 C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>,
9289 C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
9290 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
9291 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
9292 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
9293 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
9294 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
9295 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
9296 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
9297 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
9298 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
9299 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
9300 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
9301 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
9302 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
9303 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
9304 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>,
9305 C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>,
9306 C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>,
9307 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>,
9308 C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>,
9309 C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>,
9310 C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
9311 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>,
9312 C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>,
9313 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>,
9314 C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>,
9315 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
9316 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>,
9317 C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>,
9318 C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>,
9319 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>,
9320 C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
9321 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
9322 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
9323 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
9324 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
9325 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>,
9326 C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>,
9327 C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>,
9328 C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
9329 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
9330 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
9331 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
9332 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
9333 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
9334 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>,
9335 C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
9336 C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>,
9337 C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
9338 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
9339 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
9343 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
9344 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
9348 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
9349 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
9354 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
9355 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
9359 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
9363 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
9364 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
9365 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_fp>,
9366 C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
9367 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
9368 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
9369 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
9370 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
9371 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
9372 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
9373 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
9374 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
9375 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
9376 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
9377 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
9378 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
9379 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
9380 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
9381 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
9382 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
9383 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
9384 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
9385 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
9386 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
9390 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
9394 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
9395 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
9396 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
9397 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
9398 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
9399 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
9403 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
9404 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
9405 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
9409 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
9410 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
9414 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
9415 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
9416 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
9417 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
9421 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
9422 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
9426 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
9427 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
9431 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
9432 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
9433 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
9434 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
9438 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
9442 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
9443 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
9447 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
9448 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
9449 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
9450 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
9451 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
9452 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
9453 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
9454 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
9455 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
9456 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
9457 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
9458 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
9459 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
9460 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
9464 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
9465 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
9469 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
9470 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
9471 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
9472 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
9473 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
9474 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
9475 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
9476 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
9477 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
9481 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
9482 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
9483 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
9484 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
9488 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
9492 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
9504 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
9514 =item getcwd and friends
9516 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
9518 =item abs_path and friends
9520 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
9532 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
9544 =item Global Variables
9546 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
9547 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
9552 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
9553 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
9555 =item Client Callback Methods
9557 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
9558 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
9559 CLIENT->output(LIST)
9569 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
9577 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
9581 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
9583 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
9585 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
9587 =item Default Parameters
9589 =item In Memory Databases
9597 =item A Simple Example
9605 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
9607 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
9609 =item The get_dup() Method
9611 =item The find_dup() Method
9613 =item The del_dup() Method
9615 =item Matching Partial Keys
9623 =item The 'bval' Option
9625 =item A Simple Example
9627 =item Extra RECNO Methods
9629 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
9630 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
9633 =item Another Example
9637 =item THE API INTERFACE
9639 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
9640 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
9641 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
9642 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
9646 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
9647 B<filter_fetch_value>
9653 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
9655 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
9659 =item HINTS AND TIPS
9663 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
9665 =item Safe ways to lock a database
9667 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
9669 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
9671 =item The untie() Gotcha
9675 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
9679 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
9681 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
9683 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
9685 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
9705 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
9706 printing and C<eval>
9718 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
9719 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
9720 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
9727 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
9729 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9730 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9731 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9732 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9733 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9734 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9735 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9736 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9737 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9738 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9739 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9740 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9741 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9742 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9743 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
9763 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
9771 =item PROFILE FORMAT
9783 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
9793 =item Memory footprint debugging
9801 =item A simple scalar string
9803 =item A simple scalar number
9805 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
9807 =item A reference to a simple scalar
9809 =item A reference to an array
9811 =item A reference to a hash
9813 =item Dumping a large array or hash
9815 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
9817 =item A reference to a subroutine
9831 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
9841 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
9849 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
9853 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
9854 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
9855 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
9863 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
9873 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
9877 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
9878 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
9890 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
9902 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
9914 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
9915 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
9916 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
9921 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
9922 veryCompact, set, get
9928 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
9936 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
9937 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
9938 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
9939 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
9946 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
9959 =head2 Encode - character encodings
9977 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
9979 =item Types of Encodings
9981 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
9982 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
9984 =item Specifying Encodings
9986 1. By name, 2. As an object
9988 =item Encoding Names
9990 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFCs, The name in the IANA registry, The
9991 name used by the organization that defined it
9995 =item PERL ENCODING API
9999 =item Generic Encoding Interface
10001 =item Handling Malformed Data
10003 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
10007 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
10009 =item Listing available encodings
10011 =item Defining Aliases
10013 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
10016 =item Defining Encodings
10020 =item Encoding and IO
10022 =item Encoding How to ...
10024 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
10025 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
10027 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
10029 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
10031 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
10033 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
10034 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
10038 =item Compiled Encodings
10040 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
10041 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
10049 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
10050 of the Encode extension
10056 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
10064 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
10066 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
10072 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
10080 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
10093 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
10108 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
10124 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
10134 =item How to Export
10136 =item Selecting What To Export
10138 =item Specialised Import Lists
10140 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
10142 =item Module Version Checking
10144 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
10146 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
10152 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
10162 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
10183 mv source... destination
10185 cp source... destination
10203 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
10213 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
10223 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
10225 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
10229 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
10237 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
10240 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
10242 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
10244 WriteMakefileSnippet
10246 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
10247 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
10255 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
10267 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
10268 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
10278 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
10288 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
10300 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
10301 packlist(), version()
10309 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
10317 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
10323 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
10333 =item VMS implementation
10335 =item Win32 implementation
10343 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10344 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10352 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
10356 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10357 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10383 test_via_harness (o)
10385 tool_autosplit (override)
10403 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10404 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10418 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10430 =item Preloaded methods
10450 =item SelfLoaded methods
10496 file_name_is_absolute
10502 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
10542 maybe_command_in_dirs
10570 post_initialize (o)
10582 replace_manpage_separator
10596 test_via_harness (o)
10598 test_via_script (o)
10628 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10629 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10639 =item Methods always loaded
10651 =item SelfLoaded methods
10653 guess_name (override)
10657 find_perl (override)
10661 maybe_command (override)
10663 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
10665 perl_script (override)
10667 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10669 replace_manpage_separator
10671 init_others (override)
10673 constants (override)
10677 const_cccmd (override)
10679 pm_to_blib (override)
10681 tool_autosplit (override)
10683 tool_sxubpp (override)
10685 xsubpp_version (override)
10687 tools_other (override)
10697 top_targets (override)
10701 dynamic_lib (override)
10703 dynamic_bs (override)
10705 static_lib (override)
10707 manifypods (override)
10709 processPL (override)
10711 installbin (override)
10713 subdir_x (override)
10717 realclean (override)
10719 dist_basics (override)
10721 dist_core (override)
10723 dist_dir (override)
10725 dist_test (override)
10729 perldepend (override)
10731 makefile (override)
10735 test_via_harness (override)
10737 test_via_script (override)
10739 makeaperl (override)
10741 nicetext (override)
10743 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10744 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10770 test_via_harness (o)
10772 tool_autosplit (override)
10790 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
10800 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
10802 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
10810 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
10814 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
10816 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
10818 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
10820 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
10822 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
10823 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
10824 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
10825 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
10826 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
10827 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
10828 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
10829 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
10830 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
10831 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
10832 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE,
10833 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERM_RW,
10834 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
10835 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PRINT,
10836 PRINT_PREREQ, SKIP, TEST_LIBS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
10837 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
10839 =item Additional lowercase attributes
10841 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
10844 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
10846 =item Hintsfile support
10848 =item Distribution Support
10850 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
10851 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
10852 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
10854 =item Disabling an extension
10860 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
10868 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
10876 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
10880 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
10884 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
10885 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
10889 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
10897 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
10909 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
10919 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
10928 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
10936 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
10948 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
10956 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
10966 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
10978 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
10988 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
10992 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
11000 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
11004 C<basename>, C<dirname>
11008 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
11018 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
11032 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
11042 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
11044 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
11056 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
11066 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
11078 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
11086 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
11087 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
11088 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
11094 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
11102 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
11110 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
11111 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
11112 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
11116 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
11124 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
11136 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
11146 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
11147 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
11148 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
11156 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
11190 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
11208 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
11236 file_name_is_absolute
11258 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
11268 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
11301 file_name_is_absolute
11323 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
11339 =item Methods always loaded
11341 canonpath (override)
11359 case_tolerant (override)
11363 file_name_is_absolute (override)
11365 splitpath (override)
11367 splitdir (override)
11381 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
11411 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
11435 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
11449 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
11459 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
11467 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
11475 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
11477 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
11489 =item Temporary files and NFS
11501 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
11515 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
11527 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
11535 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
11541 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
11555 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
11557 =item All-in-one interface
11559 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
11571 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
11581 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
11585 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
11587 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
11595 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
11597 =item Example 2: Using the context
11599 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
11601 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
11605 =item Filter::Simple
11613 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
11621 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
11633 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
11649 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
11657 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
11659 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
11663 =item Simple options
11665 =item A little bit less simple options
11667 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
11669 =item Options with values
11671 =item Options with multiple values
11673 =item Options with hash values
11675 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
11677 =item Options with multiple names
11679 =item Case and abbreviations
11681 =item Summary of Option Specifications
11683 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
11687 =item Advanced Possibilities
11691 =item Object oriented interface
11693 =item Documentation and help texts
11695 =item Storing options in a hash
11699 =item The lonesome dash
11701 =item Argument callback
11705 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
11707 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
11708 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
11709 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
11710 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
11711 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
11713 =item Return values and Errors
11719 =item Default destinations
11721 =item Alternative option starters
11723 =item Configuration variables
11727 =item Trouble Shooting
11731 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
11733 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
11736 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
11738 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
11744 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11748 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
11759 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
11770 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
11781 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
11783 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
11785 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11787 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11789 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
11791 the function super_languages($lang1)
11793 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
11795 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
11797 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
11799 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
11803 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
11805 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
11815 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
11823 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
11825 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
11827 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
11828 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
11829 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
11830 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
11831 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
11832 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
11833 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
11834 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
11835 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
11836 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
11837 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
11838 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
11839 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
11840 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
11841 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
11842 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
11843 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
11844 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
11845 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
11846 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
11847 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
11848 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
11849 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
11850 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
11851 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
11852 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
11853 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
11854 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
11855 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
11856 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
11857 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
11858 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
11859 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
11860 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
11861 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
11862 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
11863 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
11864 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
11865 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
11866 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
11867 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
11868 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
11869 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
11870 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
11871 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
11872 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
11873 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
11874 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
11875 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
11876 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
11877 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
11878 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
11879 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
11880 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
11881 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
11882 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
11883 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
11884 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
11885 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
11886 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
11887 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
11888 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
11889 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
11890 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
11891 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
11892 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
11893 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
11894 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
11895 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
11896 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
11897 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
11898 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
11899 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
11900 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
11901 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
11902 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
11903 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
11904 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
11905 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
11906 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
11907 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
11908 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
11909 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
11910 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
11911 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
11912 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
11913 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
11914 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
11915 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
11916 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
11917 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
11918 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
11919 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
11920 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
11921 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
11922 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
11923 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
11924 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
11925 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
11926 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
11927 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
11928 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
11929 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
11930 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
11931 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
11932 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
11933 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
11934 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
11935 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
11936 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
11937 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
11938 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
11939 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
11940 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
11941 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
11942 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
11943 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
11944 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
11945 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
11949 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11955 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
11973 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
11977 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
11987 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
11995 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11996 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
12006 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
12016 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
12020 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
12028 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
12038 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
12042 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
12043 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
12044 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
12045 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
12057 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
12067 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
12071 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
12081 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
12091 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
12092 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
12102 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
12110 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
12111 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
12120 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
12130 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
12134 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
12135 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
12136 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
12146 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
12160 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
12161 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
12171 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
12187 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
12200 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
12214 hostpath(), peerpath()
12224 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
12233 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
12234 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
12244 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
12254 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
12258 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
12266 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
12277 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
12281 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
12282 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
12283 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
12284 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
12296 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
12306 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
12310 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
12320 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
12330 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
12331 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
12341 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
12350 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
12351 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
12360 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
12371 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
12375 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
12376 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
12377 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
12387 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
12402 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
12403 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
12413 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
12414 AF_INET domain sockets
12430 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
12443 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
12444 AF_UNIX domain sockets
12458 hostpath(), peerpath()
12468 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
12478 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
12479 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
12490 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
12504 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
12517 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
12527 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
12528 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
12529 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
12540 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
12558 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
12568 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
12569 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
12580 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
12591 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
12592 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
12593 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
12604 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
12612 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
12613 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
12615 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
12621 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
12622 general-utility list subroutines
12630 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
12631 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
12633 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
12639 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
12640 general-utility scalar subroutines
12648 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
12649 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
12657 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
12665 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12669 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
12677 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
12689 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
12695 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12697 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
12698 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
12704 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12706 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
12712 =item CODE ALIASING
12722 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12726 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
12727 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
12728 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
12729 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
12737 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
12738 identification (ISO 4217)
12756 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12758 code2currency(), currency2code()
12764 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12766 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
12774 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12778 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
12786 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
12803 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12805 code2language(), language2code()
12811 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12813 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
12821 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12825 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
12826 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
12834 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
12842 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12848 =item Construction Methods
12850 =item The "maketext" Method
12852 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
12854 =item Utility Methods
12856 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
12857 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
12858 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
12859 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
12861 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
12865 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
12867 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
12869 =item BRACKET NOTATION
12871 =item AUTO LEXICONS
12873 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
12875 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
12879 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12885 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
12893 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
12897 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
12899 =item The Linguistic View
12901 =item Breaking gettext
12903 =item Replacing gettext
12905 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
12907 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
12909 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
12911 =item Buzzword: Concision
12913 =item The Devil in the Details
12915 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
12923 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
12931 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
12935 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
12943 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
12944 of quoted-printable strings
12952 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12958 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
12967 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12973 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
12983 =item Canonical notation
12987 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
12989 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
12993 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
12994 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
13002 =item Autocreating constants
13008 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
13016 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
13024 Canonical notation, Input, Output
13026 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
13036 =item Rounding mode R
13038 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
13039 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
13040 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
13053 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
13059 use Math::BigInt qw(bstr);
13061 =item Autocreating constants
13067 =item Alternative math libraries
13073 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
13077 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
13078 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
13089 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
13099 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
13103 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
13105 the same terms as Perl itself.
13113 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
13126 =item STRINGIFICATION
13130 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
13136 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
13138 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
13146 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
13154 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
13160 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
13162 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
13166 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
13168 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
13172 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
13174 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
13176 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
13177 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
13181 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
13187 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
13197 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
13215 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
13217 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
13221 =item OTHER FACILITIES
13227 =item C<flush_cache>
13233 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
13235 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
13243 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
13249 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
13258 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
13269 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
13281 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
13289 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
13297 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
13306 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
13315 =head2 Memoize::Saves - Plug-in module to specify which return values
13332 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
13340 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
13348 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13354 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13358 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13362 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
13372 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
13378 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
13388 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
13391 =item CLASS METHODS
13393 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
13394 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
13395 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
13405 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
13415 requires_firewall HOST
13417 =item NetConfig VALUES
13419 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
13420 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
13421 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
13425 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
13434 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
13442 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
13454 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
13458 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
13459 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
13460 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
13461 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
13462 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
13463 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
13464 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
13465 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
13466 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
13467 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
13468 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
13469 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
13470 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
13474 =item Methods for the adventurous
13480 =item THE dataconn CLASS
13482 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
13483 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
13485 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
13487 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
13489 =item REPORTING BUGS
13497 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
13505 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
13515 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
13519 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
13520 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
13521 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
13522 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
13523 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
13528 =item Extension methods
13530 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
13531 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
13532 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
13533 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
13542 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
13552 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
13564 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
13568 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
13569 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
13570 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
13571 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
13583 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
13591 icmp, udp, tcp, stream, external
13597 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
13598 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
13606 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
13618 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
13622 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), mail ( ADDRESS [,
13623 OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail (
13624 ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ),
13625 to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc (
13626 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify
13627 ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit ()
13637 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
13645 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
13646 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
13654 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
13671 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
13679 =item Where to get this document
13681 =item How to contribute to this document
13685 =item Author and Copyright Information
13693 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
13697 =item What is libnet ?
13699 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
13701 =item What other modules do I need ?
13703 =item What machines support libnet ?
13705 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
13709 =item Using Net::FTP
13713 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
13715 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
13717 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
13719 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
13722 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
13724 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
13726 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
13728 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
13730 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
13732 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
13735 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
13737 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
13740 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
13743 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
13747 =item Using Net::SMTP
13751 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
13754 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
13756 =item The verify method always returns true ?
13760 =item Debugging scripts
13764 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
13768 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
13772 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
13789 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
13804 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
13821 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
13829 =item THE .netrc FILE
13831 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
13836 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
13840 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
13850 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
13860 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13866 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
13874 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13880 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13884 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13888 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
13900 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
13902 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
13903 or optag, an operator set (opset)
13905 =item Opcode Functions
13907 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
13908 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
13909 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
13912 =item Manipulating Opsets
13914 =item TO DO (maybe)
13920 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
13922 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
13923 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
13924 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
13933 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
13942 a new namespace, an operator mask
13948 =item RECENT CHANGES
13950 =item Methods in class Safe
13952 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
13953 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
13954 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
13955 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
13957 =item Some Safety Issues
13959 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
13967 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
13980 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
13994 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
13995 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
13996 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
13997 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
13998 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
13999 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
14000 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
14001 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
14002 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
14003 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
14004 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
14005 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
14006 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
14007 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
14008 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
14009 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
14010 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
14011 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
14012 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
14013 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
14014 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
14015 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
14016 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
14017 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
14018 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
14025 =item POSIX::SigAction
14029 =item POSIX::SigSet
14031 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
14033 =item POSIX::Termios
14035 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
14036 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
14037 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
14038 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
14039 values, c_oflag field values
14043 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
14047 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
14051 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
14109 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
14118 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
14122 =item Defaults and how to override them
14132 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
14142 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
14150 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
14151 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
14152 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
14153 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
14154 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
14155 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
14156 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
14160 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
14166 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
14172 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
14184 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
14185 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
14186 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
14187 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
14188 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
14189 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
14190 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
14191 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
14196 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
14197 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
14198 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
14199 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
14200 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
14201 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
14205 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
14206 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
14218 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
14220 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
14223 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
14225 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
14227 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
14229 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
14231 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
14239 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
14251 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
14253 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
14260 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
14266 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
14268 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
14275 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
14287 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
14297 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
14298 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
14313 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
14326 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
14327 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
14333 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
14357 =item B<was_cutting()>
14363 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
14369 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
14375 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
14381 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
14387 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14393 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
14399 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
14405 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
14411 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
14417 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
14423 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
14429 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
14435 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
14441 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
14447 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
14453 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14459 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
14465 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
14471 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
14477 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
14483 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
14489 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
14495 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
14501 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
14507 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
14513 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
14519 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
14525 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14531 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
14543 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
14555 =item OBJECT METHODS
14563 =item Data Accessors
14579 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
14581 B<StartWithNewPage>
14595 =item Subclassed methods
14609 B<interior_sequence>
14625 =item Methods for headings
14633 =item Internal methods
14639 B<_replace_special_chars>
14645 B<_clean_latex_commands>
14661 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
14669 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
14674 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
14675 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
14676 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown sequence %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back
14684 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14688 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
14702 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
14710 $list-E<gt>indent()
14718 $list-E<gt>parent()
14724 =item Pod::Hyperlink
14726 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
14730 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
14732 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
14736 $link-E<gt>warning()
14738 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
14744 $link-E<gt>alttext()
14754 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
14760 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
14764 =item Pod::Cache::Item
14766 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
14770 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
14772 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
14774 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
14776 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
14778 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
14780 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
14782 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
14792 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
14804 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
14806 =item PARSING OPTIONS
14808 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
14809 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
14815 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14823 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14829 =item B<verbatim()>
14831 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14837 =item B<textblock()>
14839 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14845 =item B<interior_sequence()>
14851 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14863 =item B<initialize()>
14869 =item B<begin_pod()>
14875 =item B<begin_input()>
14881 =item B<end_input()>
14893 =item B<preprocess_line()>
14899 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
14905 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
14911 =item B<parse_text()>
14913 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
14914 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
14915 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
14921 =item B<interpolate()>
14927 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
14933 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
14939 =item B<parse_from_file()>
14945 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
14951 =item B<errorsub()>
14963 =item B<parseopts()>
14969 =item B<output_file()>
14975 =item B<output_handle()>
14981 =item B<input_file()>
14987 =item B<input_handle()>
14993 =item B<input_streams()>
14999 =item B<top_stream()>
15005 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
15011 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
15017 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
15023 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
15031 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
15051 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
15064 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
15066 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
15072 =item OBJECT METHODS
15078 =item B<curr_headings()>
15090 =item B<add_selection()>
15096 =item B<clear_selections()>
15102 =item B<match_section()>
15108 =item B<is_selected()>
15114 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
15120 =item B<podselect()>
15122 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
15128 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
15134 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
15140 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
15146 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
15158 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
15166 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
15170 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
15171 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph
15172 "%s", %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown sequence: %s, %s:%d:
15183 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15187 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
15201 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15205 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
15220 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15224 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
15225 text with format escapes
15237 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15241 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
15250 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
15259 =item Recommended Use
15267 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
15271 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
15279 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15285 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15289 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15293 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
15301 a new namespace, an operator mask
15307 =item RECENT CHANGES
15309 =item Methods in class Safe
15311 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
15312 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
15313 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
15314 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
15316 =item Some Safety Issues
15318 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
15326 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
15334 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
15335 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
15343 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
15353 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
15363 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
15373 =item The __DATA__ token
15375 =item SelfLoader autoloading
15377 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
15379 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
15381 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
15383 =item Classes and inherited methods.
15387 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
15391 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
15401 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
15409 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
15410 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
15418 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
15419 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
15420 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
15421 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
15422 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
15426 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
15436 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
15440 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
15442 =item ERROR REPORTING
15450 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
15455 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
15456 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
15480 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
15494 =item Allowing fall-through
15496 =item Automating fall-through
15498 =item Alternative syntax
15500 =item Higher-order Operations
15516 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
15526 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
15538 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
15539 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
15547 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
15548 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
15559 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
15560 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
15568 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
15569 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
15580 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
15590 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
15591 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
15592 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
15596 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
15610 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
15622 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
15630 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
15640 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
15641 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
15649 =item Minimal set of supported functions
15651 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
15652 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
15654 =item Additional supported functions
15656 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
15666 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
15692 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
15696 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15706 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
15726 =item Setting up tests
15742 =item Running tests
15748 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
15766 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
15778 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
15782 =item Test Status and Info
15790 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
15810 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
15820 =item The test script output
15822 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
15823 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
15824 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
15828 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
15853 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
15854 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
15855 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
15856 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
15860 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
15861 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
15876 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
15886 =item I love it when a plan comes together
15896 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
15924 =item Conditional tests
15934 =item Comparision functions
15950 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15952 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family have some caveats, Test::Harness
15963 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
15989 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Pod::Tests>, L<SelfTest>,
15994 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
16002 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
16004 =item Where to start?
16008 =item Test the manual
16010 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
16012 =item Testing lots of values
16014 =item Informative names
16016 =item Skipping tests
16020 =item Testing with taint mode.
16028 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
16040 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
16050 =item General behaviour in list contexts
16054 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
16056 =item A note about prefixes
16058 =item C<extract_delimited>
16060 =item C<extract_bracketed>
16062 =item C<extract_tagged>
16064 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
16065 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
16067 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
16069 =item C<extract_quotelike>
16071 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
16073 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
16075 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
16077 =item C<extract_codeblock>
16079 =item C<extract_multiple>
16081 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
16087 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
16088 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
16089 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
16090 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
16091 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
16092 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
16093 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
16094 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
16095 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
16096 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
16097 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
16098 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
16103 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
16109 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
16124 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
16141 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
16156 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
16172 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
16185 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
16186 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
16187 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
16191 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
16199 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
16207 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
16209 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
16215 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
16223 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
16225 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
16229 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
16241 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
16251 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
16259 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
16260 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
16261 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
16262 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
16270 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
16279 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
16280 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
16281 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
16282 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
16284 =item MORE INFORMATION
16286 =item COMPATIBILITY
16290 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
16298 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
16299 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
16303 =item MORE INFORMATION
16307 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
16325 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
16334 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
16336 =item MORE INFORMATION
16340 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
16352 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
16361 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
16362 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
16363 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
16364 getitimer ( $which )
16380 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
16388 =item IMPLEMENTATION
16394 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
16409 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
16424 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
16436 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
16444 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
16445 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
16449 =head2 Unicode::Collate - use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
16459 =item Constructor and Tailoring
16461 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
16462 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
16463 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
16465 =item Other methods
16467 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
16468 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
16469 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
16470 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
16471 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
16472 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
16473 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
16474 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
16486 Unicode Collation Algorithm - Unicode TR #10, L<Unicode::Normalize>
16490 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - normalized forms of Unicode text
16498 C<$string_NFD = NFD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFC = NFC($raw_string)>,
16499 C<$string_NFKD = NFKD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFKC = NFKC($raw_string)>,
16500 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $raw_string)>
16512 L<Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util>, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/
16516 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
16558 =item Blocks versus Scripts
16560 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
16562 =item Code Point Arguments
16588 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
16594 =item Implementation Note
16606 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
16621 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
16632 =item System Specifics
16646 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
16654 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
16656 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
16657 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
16658 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
16659 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
16660 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
16661 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
16662 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
16663 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
16664 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
16665 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
16666 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
16667 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
16668 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
16669 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
16670 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
16671 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
16677 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
16695 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
16707 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
16709 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
16710 don't all have manual pages yet:
16736 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles