4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be be quickly scanned or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
17 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
25 Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping,
26 Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability,
27 Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX
28 compliant, Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous
29 DBM implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded,
30 Regular expression enhancements
35 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5DB, PERLLIB
58 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
74 =item Scalar value constructors
77 =item List value constructors
80 =item Typeglobs and FileHandles
90 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
100 =item Simple statements
103 =item Compound statements
115 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
121 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
131 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
141 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
144 =item The Arrow Operator
147 =item Autoincrement and Autodecrement
153 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
156 =item Binding Operators
159 =item Multiplicative Operators
162 =item Additive Operators
165 =item Shift Operators
168 =item Named Unary Operators
171 =item Relational Operators
174 =item Equality Operators
180 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
183 =item C-style Logical And
186 =item C-style Logical Or
192 =item Conditional Operator
195 =item Assignment Operators
201 =item List Operators (Rightward)
210 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
213 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
216 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
218 =item Quote and Quotelike Operators
221 =item Regexp Quotelike Operators
224 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/gimosx, /PATTERN/gimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
225 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
226 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
227 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
232 =item Constant Folding
235 =item Integer Arithmetic
245 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
254 =item Regular Expressions
257 (?#text), (?:regexp), (?=regexp), (?!regexp), (?imsx)
262 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
265 =item WARNING on \1 vs $1
275 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
288 B<-0>I<digits>, B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:foo>, B<-D>I<number>,
289 B<-D>I<list>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<regexp>, B<-i>I<extension>,
290 B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>I<octnum>, B<-m>I<module>, B<-M>I<module>,
291 B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>,
292 B<-V:name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I<directory>
301 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
310 =item Perl Functions by Category
313 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern
314 matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for
315 list data, Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions,
316 Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions for filehandles,
317 files, or directories, Keywords related to the control flow of your
318 perl program, Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions,
319 Functions for processes and process groups, Keywords related to perl
320 modules, Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness, Low-level
321 socket functions, System V interprocess communication functions,
322 Fetching user and group info, Fetching network info, Time-related
325 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
328 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET,
329 alarm SECONDS, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless
330 REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST,
331 chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop,
332 chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chroot FILENAME, close FILEHANDLE, closedir
333 DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt
334 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose ASSOC_ARRAY, dbmopen ASSOC,DBNAME,MODE,
335 defined EXPR, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do
336 EXPR, dump LABEL, each ASSOC_ARRAY, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval
337 EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, fcntl
338 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
339 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE, LIST, getc
340 FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid,
341 getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname
342 NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid
352 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
359 =item Predefined Names
362 $ARG, $_, $<I<digit>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
363 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number
364 HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE
365 EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR,
366 $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR,
367 $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
368 $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
369 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
370 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
371 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
372 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
373 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
374 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR,
375 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR,
376 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR,
377 $ERRNO, $!, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID,
387 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
397 =item Private Variables via my()
400 =item Temporary Values via local()
403 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
406 =item Pass by Reference
412 =item Overriding Builtin Functions
428 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages)
441 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
457 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
462 =item Pragmatic Modules
465 diagnostics, integer, less, overload, sigtrap, strict, subs
467 =item Standard Modules
470 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, Carp, Config, Cwd,
471 DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter,
472 ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
473 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Miniperl, Fcntl, File::Basename,
474 File::CheckTree, File::Find, FileHandle, File::Path, Getopt::Long,
475 Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Net::Ping, POSIX,
476 SelfLoader, Safe, Socket, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev
478 =item Extension Modules
488 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support,
489 Operating System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and
490 InterProcess Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities,
491 Database Interfaces, User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of
492 Other Programming Languages, File Names, File Systems and File Locking
493 (see also File Handles), String Processing, Language Text Processing,
494 Parsing and Searching, Option, Argument, Parameter and Configuration
495 File Processing, Internationalization and Locale, Authentication,
496 Security and Encryption, World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server
497 and Daemon Utilities, Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and
498 Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News,
499 Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc), File Handle and
500 Input/Output Stream Utilities, Miscellaneous Modules
502 =item Modules: Creation, Use and Abuse
507 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
510 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
511 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines,
512 Select what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it
513 right?, README and other Additional Files, A description of the
514 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below,
515 Prerequisites - what else you may need to have, How to build it -
516 possible changes to Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes
517 in this release, especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements
518 you plan to make in the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the
519 module a version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a
520 module, Take care when changing a released module
522 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
525 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
526 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you
527 started, Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package
528 specifiers from ' to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other
531 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
534 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
535 applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out
536 the reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the
537 opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases
538 the 'application' can then be reduced to a small
547 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
554 =item Symbolic references
557 =item Not-so-symbolic references
573 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
578 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
579 more elaborate constructs, recursive and self-referential data
585 =item COMMON MISTAKES
588 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
591 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
605 =item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
608 =item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
611 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
618 =item HASHES OF LISTS
623 =item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
626 =item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
629 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
636 =item LISTS OF HASHES
641 =item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
644 =item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
647 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
654 =item HASHES OF HASHES
659 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
662 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
665 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
672 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
677 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
680 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
683 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
702 =head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
707 =item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
710 =item Growing Your Own
713 =item Access and Printing
728 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
735 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
738 =item A Class is Simply a Package
741 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
744 =item Method Invocation
747 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
749 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION([VERSION]), class(), is_instance()
761 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
774 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
787 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
792 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
798 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key,
799 STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key,
800 FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
802 =item Tying FileHandles
821 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
826 =item OO SCALING TIPS
829 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
832 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
835 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
838 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
841 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
844 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
847 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
850 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
853 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
862 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
867 =item The Perl Debugger
872 =item Debugger Commands
875 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n,
876 E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
877 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern], t, t
878 expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], d [line], D, a
879 [line] command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., recallCommand,
880 ShellBang, pager, arrayDepth, hashDepth, compactDump, veryCompact,
881 globPrint, DumpDBFiles, DumpPackages, quote, HighBit, undefPrint,
882 tkRunning, signalLevel, warnLevel. dieLevel, E<lt> command, E<gt>
883 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D,
884 R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, = [alias value], command, p expr
887 =item Debugger Customization
890 =item Readline Support
893 =item Editor Support for Debugging
896 =item The Perl Profiler
899 =item Debugger Internals
901 TTY, noTTY, ReadLine, NonStop, LineInfo
904 =item Other resources
917 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
925 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
932 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
935 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
951 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
964 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos,
965 pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
976 =item Using open() for IPC
981 =item Safe Pipe Opens
984 =item Bidirectional Communication
991 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
996 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
999 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1002 =item UDP: Message Passing
1030 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
1038 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
1070 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
1078 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
1091 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
1094 =item The Argument Stack
1097 =item The RETVAL Variable
1100 =item The MODULE Keyword
1103 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
1106 =item The PREFIX Keyword
1109 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
1112 =item The CODE: Keyword
1115 =item The INIT: Keyword
1118 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
1121 =item Initializing Function Parameters
1124 =item Default Parameter Values
1127 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
1130 =item The INPUT: Keyword
1133 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
1136 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
1139 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
1142 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
1145 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
1148 =item The BOOT: Keyword
1151 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
1154 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
1157 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
1160 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
1163 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
1166 =item The CASE: Keyword
1169 =item The & Unary Operator
1172 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
1175 =item Using XS With C++
1178 =item Interface Strategy
1181 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
1203 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUB's
1210 =item VERSION CAVEAT
1213 =item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
1222 =item WHAT HAS GONE ON?
1228 =item WHAT'S NEW HERE?
1231 =item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
1234 =item THE XSUBPP COMPILER
1237 =item THE TYPEMAP FILE
1243 =item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
1246 =item THE ARGUMENT STACK
1249 =item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
1252 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
1255 =item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
1274 =head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
1284 =item What is an "IV"?
1287 =item Working with SV's
1290 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
1293 =item Working with AV's
1296 =item Working with HV's
1302 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
1309 =item Creating New Variables
1312 =item XSUB's and the Argument Stack
1326 =item Assigning Magic
1329 =item Magic Virtual Tables
1339 =item Double-Typed SV's
1342 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
1345 =item Memory Allocation
1351 AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop,
1352 av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak,
1353 CvSTASH, DBsingle, DBsub, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, ENTER,
1354 EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME, G_NOARGS,
1355 G_SCALAR, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, he_free, hv_clear, hv_delete,
1356 hv_exists, hv_fetch, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iternext,
1357 hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store, hv_undef,
1358 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, LEAVE,
1359 MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical,
1360 mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV, newHV, newRV, newSV, newSViv,
1361 newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVrv, newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch,
1362 Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv,
1363 perl_call_method, perl_call_pv, perl_call_sv, perl_construct,
1364 perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv, perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv,
1365 perl_get_hv, perl_get_sv, perl_parse, perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi,
1366 POPl, POPp, POPn, POPs,
1377 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
1382 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
1384 =item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
1387 B<perl_call_sv>, B<perl_call_pv>, B<perl_call_method>,
1413 =item Determining the Context
1420 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
1428 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
1431 =item Passing Parameters
1434 =item Returning a Scalar
1437 =item Returning a list of values
1440 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
1443 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
1449 =item Using G_KEEPERR
1452 =item Using perl_call_sv
1455 =item Using perl_call_argv
1458 =item Using perl_call_method
1464 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
1467 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
1470 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
1471 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
1474 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
1493 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
1503 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a UNIX program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
1504 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
1509 =item Compiling your C program
1512 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
1515 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
1518 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
1521 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C
1538 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
1543 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
1555 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
1563 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
1568 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
1579 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
1582 =item The I<splain> Program
1604 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead
1616 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the
1628 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
1638 =item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
1641 =item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
1644 =item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
1660 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
1665 =item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
1673 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
1676 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
1679 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
1681 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
1684 =item Overloadable Operations
1687 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
1688 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean,
1689 string and numeric conversion>, I<Special>
1695 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
1706 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
1708 =item Copy Constructor
1717 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
1720 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
1721 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>,
1722 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Copy operator>
1727 =item Run-time Overloading
1730 =item Public functions
1733 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg),
1734 C<overload::Method(obj,op)>
1736 =item IMPLEMENTATION
1751 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable stack backtrace on unexpected
1763 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
1771 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
1776 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
1787 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
1798 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
1803 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
1813 =item DBM Comparisons
1828 =head2 AutoLoader - load functions only on demand
1839 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
1850 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
1865 =item Standard Exports
1868 C<timeit(COUNT, CODE)>, timethis, timethese, timediff, timestr
1870 =item Optional Exports
1889 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
1895 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
1906 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
1917 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB
1925 DB_HASH, DB_BTREE, DB_RECNO
1929 =item How does DB_File interface to Berkeley DB?
1932 =item Differences with Berkeley DB
1938 =item In Memory Databases
1941 =item Using the Berkeley DB Interface Directly
1944 get, put, del, fd, seq, sync
1964 =item Locking Databases
1992 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
2003 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
2014 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
2022 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, dl_error(),
2023 $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(),
2024 dl_find_symbol(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()
2032 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
2044 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables
2058 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
2068 =item Selecting What To Export
2071 =item Specialised Import Lists
2074 =item Module Version Checking
2077 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
2080 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
2090 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
2101 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use
2110 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
2117 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
2136 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
2145 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
2158 =item Preloaded methods
2161 catdir, catfile, nicetext, libscan, exescan, lsdir, path,
2162 replace_manpage_separator, file_name_is_absolute, prefixify,
2163 maybe_command_in_dirs, maybe_command, perl_script
2165 =item SelfLoaded methods
2168 guess_name, init_main, init_dirscan, init_others, find_perl
2170 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
2173 post_initialize, const_config, constants, const_loadlibs, const_cccmd,
2174 tool_autosplit, tool_xsubpp, tools_other, dist, macro, depend,
2175 post_constants, pasthru, c_o, xs_c, xs_o, top_targets, linkext, dlsyms,
2176 dynamic, dynamic_bs, dynamic_lib, static, static_lib, installpm,
2177 installpm_x, manifypods, processPL, installbin, subdirs, subdir_x,
2178 clean, realclean, dist_basics, dist_core, dist_dir, dist_test, dist_ci,
2179 install, force, perldepend, makefile, staticmake, test,
2180 test_via_harness, test_via_script, postamble, makeaperl, extliblist,
2181 dir_target, needs_linking, has_link_code, writedoc
2193 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
2202 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
2212 =item Hintsfile support
2215 =item What's new in version 5 of MakeMaker
2218 =item Incompatibilities between MakeMaker 5.00 and 4.23
2221 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
2230 =item PREFIX attribute
2236 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
2239 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
2242 =item Useful Default Makefile Macros
2245 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
2248 C, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
2249 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, INC, INSTALLARCHLIB,
2250 INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR,
2251 INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB,
2252 INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A,
2253 LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
2254 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, PERL,
2255 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS,
2256 PREFIX, PREREQ, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
2257 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
2259 =item Additional lowercase attributes
2262 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean,
2265 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
2268 =item Distribution Support
2271 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make
2272 manifest, make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make
2273 uutardist, make shdist, make ci
2282 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
2291 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST
2306 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
2312 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:>
2313 I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
2324 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by
2336 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
2345 NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE
2356 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
2370 =head2 File::Basename, Basename - parse file specifications
2378 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
2383 C<basename>, C<dirname>
2388 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
2399 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
2410 =head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
2427 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
2441 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
2449 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
2460 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
2480 =head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
2489 <none>, !, =s, :s, =i, :i, =f, :f
2493 =item Linkage specification
2496 =item Aliases and abbreviations
2499 =item Non-option call-back routine
2502 =item Option starters
2518 =item CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
2521 $Getopt::Long::autoabbrev, $Getopt::Long::getopt_compat,
2522 $Getopt::Long::order, $Getopt::Long::ignorecase,
2523 $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error, $Getopt::Long::debug
2528 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with
2540 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the
2552 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
2569 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and
2581 =head2 Net::Ping, pingecho - check a host for upness
2606 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
2623 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan,
2624 atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod,
2625 chown, clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid,
2626 ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp,
2627 execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof,
2628 ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen,
2629 fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp,
2630 fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd,
2631 getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups,
2632 getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid,
2633 gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower,
2634 isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv,
2635 link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen,
2636 mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir,
2637 mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pat
2644 =item POSIX::SigAction
2652 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
2654 =item POSIX::Termios
2657 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
2658 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
2659 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
2660 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
2661 values, c_oflag field values
2667 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
2672 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
2677 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
2753 =head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
2770 =head2 Safe - Safe extension module for Perl
2775 a new namespace, an operator mask
2779 =item Operator masks
2782 =item Methods in class Safe
2785 NAMESPACE, MASK, root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK), trap (OP, ...), untrap
2786 (OP, ...), share (VARNAME, ...), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo
2789 =item Subroutines in package Safe
2792 ops_to_mask (OP, ...), mask_to_ops (MASK), opcode (OP, ...), opname
2793 (OP, ...), fullmask, emptymask, MAXO, op_mask
2805 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
2816 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
2827 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
2837 =item The __DATA__ token
2840 =item SelfLoader autoloading
2843 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
2846 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
2849 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
2852 =item Classes and inherited methods.
2859 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
2865 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load
2866 the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators
2874 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_LOOPBACK,
2875 INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN,
2876 pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN,
2877 sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH,
2878 unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
2883 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
2894 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
2908 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
2909 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
2917 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $mask, $format,
2918 @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, closelog
2935 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
2949 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
2957 <tab>Attempts word completion. Cannot be changed, ^D, ^U, <del>, <bs>
2971 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
2972 If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic
2981 =item Minimal set of supported functions
2984 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
2985 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, C<Features>
2993 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
3003 =item The test script output
3016 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
3017 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d
3018 (wstat %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests,
3033 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
3047 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as
3068 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs
3082 =head2 Text::Wrap -- wrap text into a paragraph
3096 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
3104 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key,
3105 FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this,
3111 =item MORE INFORMATION
3117 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
3126 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
3128 =item MORE INFORMATION
3134 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
3148 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute tome from local and GMT time
3158 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
3160 Here should be listed all the extra program's docs, but they don't all
3184 Larry Wall E<lt>F<larry@wall.org>E<gt>, with the help of oodles of