4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Platform-Specific
56 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
66 =item Running Perl programs
68 =item Basic syntax overview
70 =item Perl variable types
72 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
74 =item Variable scoping
76 =item Conditional and looping constructs
78 if, while, for, foreach
80 =item Builtin operators and functions
82 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
87 =item Regular expressions
89 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
90 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
92 =item Writing subroutines
96 =item Using Perl modules
104 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/01/11
113 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
115 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
117 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
121 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
123 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
125 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
127 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
129 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
131 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
135 =item About the perlfaq documents
139 =item Where to get the perlfaq
141 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
143 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
150 =item Author and Copyright Information
154 =item Bundled Distributions
162 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
163 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
164 Initial Release: 11/March/97
168 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
176 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
186 =item Simple statements
188 =item Compound statements
196 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
200 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
202 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
208 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
222 =item Scalar value constructors
224 =item List value constructors
228 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
236 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
246 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
248 =item The Arrow Operator
250 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
254 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
256 =item Binding Operators
258 =item Multiplicative Operators
260 =item Additive Operators
262 =item Shift Operators
264 =item Named Unary Operators
266 =item Relational Operators
268 =item Equality Operators
272 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
274 =item C-style Logical And
276 =item C-style Logical Or
278 =item Range Operators
280 =item Conditional Operator
282 =item Assignment Operators
286 =item List Operators (Rightward)
292 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
294 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
296 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
298 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
300 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
302 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
303 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
304 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
305 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
307 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
309 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
310 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
311 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
312 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
317 =item Constant Folding
319 =item Bitwise String Operators
321 =item Integer Arithmetic
323 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
331 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
341 =item Private Variables via my()
343 =item Persistent Private Variables
345 =item Temporary Values via local()
347 =item Lvalue subroutines
349 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
351 =item When to Still Use local()
353 =item Pass by Reference
357 =item Constant Functions
359 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
363 =item Subroutine Attributes
371 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
379 =item Perl Functions by Category
381 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
382 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
383 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
384 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
385 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
386 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
387 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
388 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
389 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
390 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
395 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
397 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
398 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
399 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
400 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
401 chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr
402 NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir
403 DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt
404 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR,
405 defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR,
406 dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
407 BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
408 fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
409 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
410 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
411 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
412 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
413 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
414 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
415 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
416 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
417 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
418 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
419 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
420 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
421 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
422 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc,
423 lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
424 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log,
425 lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK,
426 mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
427 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES,
428 next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
429 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
430 FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord
431 EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
432 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
433 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
434 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
435 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
436 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
437 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
438 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
439 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
440 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
441 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
442 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
443 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
444 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
445 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
446 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
447 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
448 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
449 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
450 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
451 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
452 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
453 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
454 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
455 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
456 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
457 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
458 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
459 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
460 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
461 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
462 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
463 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
464 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
465 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
466 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
467 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
468 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
469 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
475 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
481 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
489 =item Making References
491 =item Using References
509 =item Distribution Conditions
515 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
521 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
522 more elaborate constructs
526 =item COMMON MISTAKES
528 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
530 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
536 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
540 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
542 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
544 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
548 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
552 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
554 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
556 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
560 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
564 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
566 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
568 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
572 =item HASHES OF HASHES
576 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
578 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
580 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
584 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
588 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
590 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
592 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
604 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
614 =item Simple word matching
616 =item Using character classes
618 =item Matching this or that
620 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
622 =item Extracting matches
624 =item Matching repetitions
628 =item Search and replace
630 =item The split operator
638 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
642 =item Acknowledgments
648 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
656 =item Ordinary Paragraph
658 =item Verbatim Paragraph
660 =item Command Paragraph
662 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
663 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
664 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
665 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
667 =item Formatting Codes
669 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
670 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
671 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
672 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
673 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
674 (zero-effect) formatting code
678 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
680 =item Hints for Writing Pod
690 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
697 =item Pod Definitions
701 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
702 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
704 =item Pod Formatting Codes
706 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
707 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
708 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
709 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
710 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
711 contains non-breaking spaces
713 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
715 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
717 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
719 =item About =over...=back Regions
721 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
729 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
737 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
755 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
757 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
758 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
759 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
760 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
762 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
764 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
765 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
766 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
770 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
772 =item Numerical Traps
774 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
776 =item General data type traps
778 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
779 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
781 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
783 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
785 =item Precedence Traps
787 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
790 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
792 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
793 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
796 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
798 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
804 =item Interpolation Traps
806 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
807 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
813 =item Unclassified Traps
815 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
822 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
832 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
834 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
836 =item Location of Perl
838 =item Command Switches
840 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
841 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
842 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
843 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
844 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
845 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
846 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
852 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
853 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
854 PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to
859 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
867 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
875 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
877 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
879 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
883 =item Backward Compatibility
885 =item Category Hierarchy
889 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
901 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
909 =item Looking at data and -w and w
913 =item Stepping through code
915 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
917 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
935 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
941 =item The Perl Debugger
945 =item Debugger Commands
947 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
948 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
949 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
950 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
951 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
952 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
953 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
954 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
955 cmd, @ file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man
958 =item Configurable Options
960 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
961 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
962 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
963 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
964 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
965 C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
967 =item Debugger input/output
969 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
972 =item Debugging compile-time statements
974 =item Debugger Customization
976 =item Readline Support
978 =item Editor Support for Debugging
980 =item The Perl Profiler
984 =item Debugging regular expressions
986 =item Debugging memory usage
994 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1002 =item Predefined Names
1004 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1005 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1006 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1007 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1008 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1009 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1010 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1011 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1012 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1013 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1014 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1015 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1016 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1017 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1018 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1019 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1020 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1021 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1022 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1023 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1024 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1025 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1026 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1027 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1028 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1029 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1030 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1031 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1032 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1033 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1035 =item Error Indicators
1037 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1045 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1053 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1055 =item Growing Your Own
1057 =item Access and Printing
1069 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1075 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1083 =item The Minus File
1085 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1091 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1095 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1099 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1103 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1105 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1107 =item Paths as Opens
1109 =item Single Argument Open
1111 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1115 =item Other I/O Issues
1119 =item Opening Non-File Files
1129 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1135 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1141 =item The Basic Principle
1145 =item Packing Numbers
1151 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1153 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1155 =item Floating point Numbers
1159 =item Exotic Templates
1171 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1175 =item Lengths and Widths
1179 =item String Lengths
1181 =item Dynamic Templates
1185 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1189 =item The Alignment Pit
1191 =item Alignment, Take 2
1193 =item Alignment, Take 3
1195 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1201 =item Funnies Section
1207 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1213 =item Part 1: The basics
1217 =item Simple word matching
1219 =item Using character classes
1221 =item Matching this or that
1223 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1225 =item Extracting matches
1227 =item Matching repetitions
1229 =item Building a regexp
1231 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1235 =item Part 2: Power tools
1239 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1241 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1243 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1245 =item Non-capturing groupings
1247 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1249 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1251 =item Conditional expressions
1253 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1255 =item Pragmas and debugging
1263 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1267 =item Acknowledgments
1273 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1283 =item Regular Expressions
1285 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1287 =item Extended Patterns
1289 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1290 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1291 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1292 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1296 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1298 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1300 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1302 =item Combining pieces together
1304 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1305 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1306 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1307 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1309 =item Creating custom RE engines
1319 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1329 =item Making References
1331 =item Using References
1333 =item Symbolic references
1335 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1337 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1339 =item Function Templates
1349 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1357 =item Format Variables
1367 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1375 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1383 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1385 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1387 =item Invoking a barnyard
1389 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1391 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1393 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1395 =item A few notes about @ISA
1397 =item Overriding the methods
1399 =item Starting the search from a different place
1401 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1403 =item Where we're at so far...
1405 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1407 =item Invoking an instance method
1409 =item Accessing the instance data
1411 =item How to build a horse
1413 =item Inheriting the constructor
1415 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1417 =item Adding parameters to a method
1419 =item More interesting instances
1421 =item A horse of a different color
1433 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1439 =item Creating a Class
1443 =item Object Representation
1445 =item Class Interface
1447 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1449 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1453 =item Other Object Methods
1461 =item Accessing Class Data
1463 =item Debugging Methods
1465 =item Class Destructors
1467 =item Documenting the Interface
1477 =item Overridden Methods
1479 =item Multiple Inheritance
1481 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1485 =item Alternate Object Representations
1489 =item Arrays as Objects
1491 =item Closures as Objects
1495 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1499 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1501 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1505 =item Metaclassical Tools
1511 =item Data Members as Variables
1519 =item Object Terminology
1525 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1531 =item Acknowledgments
1537 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1543 =item Class Data in a Can
1545 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1549 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1551 =item Inheritance Concerns
1553 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1555 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1557 =item Monadic Classes
1559 =item Translucent Attributes
1563 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1567 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1569 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1571 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1573 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1575 =item Translucency Revisited
1583 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1585 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1591 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1599 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1601 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1603 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1605 =item Method Invocation
1607 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1609 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1611 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1617 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1625 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1631 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1633 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1635 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1637 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1639 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1641 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1643 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1645 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1647 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1649 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1655 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1667 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1672 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1673 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1674 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1675 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1680 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1681 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1682 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1684 =item Tying FileHandles
1686 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1687 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1692 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1704 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1705 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1721 =item Using open() for IPC
1727 =item Background Processes
1729 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1731 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1733 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1735 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1739 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1743 =item Internet Line Terminators
1745 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1747 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1751 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1755 =item A Simple Client
1757 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1759 =item A Webget Client
1761 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1765 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1767 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1769 =item UDP: Message Passing
1783 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1793 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1795 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1796 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1797 files, directories and network sockets
1799 =item Resource limits
1801 =item Killing the parent process
1803 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1805 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1807 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1808 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1809 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1821 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1829 =item Storing numbers
1831 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1833 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1835 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1836 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1837 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1846 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1854 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1860 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1862 =item Threaded Program Models
1874 =item Native threads
1876 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1878 =item Threadsafe Modules
1884 =item Basic Thread Support
1886 =item Creating Threads
1888 =item Giving up control
1890 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1892 =item Errors In Threads
1894 =item Ignoring A Thread
1898 =item Threads And Data
1902 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1904 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1906 =item Controlling access: lock()
1908 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1910 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1914 =item Threads And Code
1918 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1920 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1922 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1924 =item Subroutine Locks
1928 =item Locking A Subroutine
1932 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1936 =item What Thread Am I In?
1940 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1942 =item What Threads Are Running?
1946 =item A Complete Example
1954 =item Introductory Texts
1956 =item OS-Related References
1958 =item Other References
1962 =item Acknowledgements
1970 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1976 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1985 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1987 =item Files and Filesystems
1989 =item System Interaction
1991 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1993 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1995 =item Standard Modules
1999 =item Character sets and character encoding
2001 =item Internationalisation
2003 =item System Resources
2013 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2014 http://testers.cpan.org/
2022 =item DOS and Derivatives
2030 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2038 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2042 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2044 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2045 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2046 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2047 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2048 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2049 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2050 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2051 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2052 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
2053 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
2054 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
2055 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
2056 kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
2057 lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
2058 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
2059 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
2060 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
2061 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2062 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2063 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2064 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2065 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2066 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2067 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2068 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2069 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2075 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2076 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2077 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2078 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2079 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2080 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2082 =item Supported Platforms
2086 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2092 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2099 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2105 =item The use locale pragma
2107 =item The setlocale function
2109 =item Finding locales
2111 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2113 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2115 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2117 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2119 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2121 =item The localeconv function
2123 =item I18N::Langinfo
2127 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2131 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2133 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2135 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2137 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2141 =item Other categories
2149 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2150 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2156 =item Backward compatibility
2158 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2160 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2162 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2164 =item Freely available locale definitions
2168 =item An imperfect standard
2176 =item Broken systems
2186 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2196 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2198 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2200 =item Creating Unicode
2202 =item Handling Unicode
2204 =item Legacy Encodings
2208 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2212 =item Advanced Topics
2216 =item Questions With Answers
2218 Will My Old Scripts Break?, How Do I Make My Scripts Work With Unicode?,
2219 How Do I Know Whether My String Is In Unicode?, How Do I Detect Data That's
2220 Not Valid In a Particular Encoding, How Do I Convert Binary Data Into a
2221 Particular Encoding, Or Vice Versa?, How Do I Display Unicode? How Do I
2222 Input Unicode?, How Does Unicode Work With Traditional Locales?
2224 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2226 =item Further Resources
2230 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2234 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
2236 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2240 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2248 =item Important Caveats
2250 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2251 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2253 =item Byte and Character semantics
2255 =item Effects of character semantics
2261 =item Character encodings for input and output
2267 =item UNICODE REGULAR EXPRESSION SUPPORT LEVEL
2271 =item Unicode Encodings
2273 UTF-8, UTF-EBCDIC, UTF-16, UTF-16BE, UTF16-LE, Surrogates, and BOMs (Byte
2274 Order Marks), UTF-32, UTF-32BE, UTF32-LE, UCS-2, UCS-4, UTF-7
2276 =item Security Implications of Malformed UTF-8
2278 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2280 =item Using Unicode in XS
2288 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2294 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2302 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2306 =item 13 variant characters
2314 =item Unicode and UTF
2318 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2320 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2322 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2336 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2338 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2340 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2342 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2350 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2352 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2354 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2356 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2360 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2364 =item URL decoding and encoding
2366 =item uu encoding and decoding
2368 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2370 =item Caesarian ciphers
2374 =item Hashing order and checksums
2378 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2390 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2410 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2418 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2420 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2422 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2426 =item Protecting Your Programs
2434 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2446 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2452 =item Making your module threadsafe
2460 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2470 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2471 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2485 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2491 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2495 =item Pragmatic Modules
2497 attributes, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics,
2498 encoding, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, overload, sigtrap,
2499 sort, strict, subs, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
2501 =item Standard Modules
2503 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CGI,
2504 CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push,
2505 CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp,
2506 Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, Devel::SelfStubber,
2507 Digest, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2508 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
2509 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
2510 ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS,
2511 ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2512 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2513 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare,
2514 File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec,
2515 File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2516 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2517 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2518 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate,
2519 I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
2520 Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language,
2521 Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2522 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize,
2523 Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile,
2524 Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File,
2525 Memoize::Storable, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP,
2526 Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time,
2527 Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent,
2528 PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html,
2529 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils,
2530 Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2531 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, Pod::t::basic,
2532 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Switch, Symbol,
2533 Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2534 Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial,
2535 Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs,
2536 Text::Wrap, Thread, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash,
2537 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime,
2538 Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::UCD, User::grent,
2541 =item Extension Modules
2553 =item Central America
2565 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2569 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2571 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2573 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2581 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2587 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2591 =item Before you start
2599 =item Release considerations
2603 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2607 =item Has it been done before?
2609 =item Do one thing and do it well
2611 =item What's in a name?
2615 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2619 =item To OO or not to OO?
2621 =item Designing your API
2623 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2624 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2627 =item Strictness and warnings
2629 =item Backwards compatibility
2631 =item Error handling and messages
2635 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2641 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2645 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2649 =item Version numbering
2651 =item Pre-requisites
2661 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2665 =item Reinventing the wheel
2667 =item Trying to do too much
2669 =item Inappropriate documentation
2675 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2676 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2682 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2692 =item What should I make into a module?
2694 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2696 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2698 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2700 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2701 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2702 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2704 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2706 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2707 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2717 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date:
2718 2002/01/18 21:00:17 $)
2728 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2730 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2732 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2734 =item What is perl6?
2736 =item How stable is Perl?
2738 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2740 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2743 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2745 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2747 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2749 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2751 =item What is a JAPH?
2753 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2755 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2756 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2760 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2764 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.5 $,
2765 $Date: 2002/01/18 21:00:17 $)
2773 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2775 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2777 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2779 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2782 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2783 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2785 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2786 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2788 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2790 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2792 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2794 =item Where should I post source code?
2798 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2800 =item Perl in Magazines
2802 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2804 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2806 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2808 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2810 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2812 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
2816 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2820 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.11 $, $Date: 2002/01/11
2829 =item How do I do (anything)?
2831 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2833 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2835 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2837 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2839 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2841 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2843 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2845 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2847 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2848 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2849 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2851 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2853 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2855 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2857 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2859 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2861 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2863 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2865 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
2866 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
2868 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2870 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2872 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2874 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2876 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2878 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2880 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2882 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2884 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2886 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2888 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2890 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2892 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2893 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2895 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2898 =item What's MakeMaker?
2902 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2906 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.11 $, $Date: 2002/01/11
2917 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2918 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2920 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2922 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2925 =item How do I convert between numeric representations:
2927 B<How do I convert Hexadecimal into decimal:>, B<How do I convert from
2928 decimal to hexadecimal:>, B<How do I convert from octal to decimal:>, B<How
2929 do I convert from decimal to octal:>, B<How do I convert from binary to
2930 decimal:>, B<How do I convert from decimal to binary:>
2932 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2934 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2936 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2938 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2940 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2948 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2950 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2952 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2954 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2956 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2958 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2960 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2968 =item How do I validate input?
2970 =item How do I unescape a string?
2972 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2974 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2976 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2978 =item How do I reverse a string?
2980 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2982 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2984 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2986 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2988 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2991 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2993 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2994 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2996 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2998 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3000 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3002 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3004 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3006 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3008 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3010 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3011 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3020 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3022 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3024 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3028 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3031 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3032 intersection of two arrays?
3034 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3036 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3038 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3040 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3042 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3044 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3046 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3048 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3050 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3052 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3054 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3058 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3062 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3064 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3067 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3069 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3071 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3073 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3075 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3077 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3079 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3081 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3083 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3085 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3087 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3090 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3091 array of hashes or arrays?
3093 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3101 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3103 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3105 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3107 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3109 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3111 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3113 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3117 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3121 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.7 $, $Date: 2002/01/11
3130 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3132 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3133 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3135 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3137 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3139 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3141 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3142 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3144 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3146 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3148 =item How can I write() into a string?
3150 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3152 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3154 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3156 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3158 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3160 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3162 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3164 =item How can I lock a file?
3166 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3168 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3169 the file. How can I do this?
3171 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3172 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3174 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3176 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3178 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3180 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3182 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3184 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3186 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3188 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3190 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3192 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3194 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3196 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
3197 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3199 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3201 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3202 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3204 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3206 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3210 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3214 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.6 $, $Date: 2002/01/01 22:26:45 $)
3222 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3223 and unmaintainable code?
3225 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3227 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3229 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3232 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3234 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3237 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3239 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3241 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3243 =item What is C</o> really for?
3245 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3248 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3250 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3252 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3254 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3256 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3258 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3260 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3262 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3264 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3266 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3268 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3270 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3272 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3276 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3280 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2002/01/01
3289 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3291 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3294 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3297 =item How do I skip some return values?
3299 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3301 =item What's an extension?
3303 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3305 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3307 =item How do I create a module?
3309 =item How do I create a class?
3311 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3313 =item What's a closure?
3315 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3317 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3320 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3323 =item How do I create a static variable?
3325 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3326 Between local() and my()?
3328 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3331 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3333 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3335 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3337 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3339 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3341 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3343 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3345 =item How can I find out my current package?
3347 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3349 =item How do I clear a package?
3351 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3355 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3359 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2002/01/11
3368 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3370 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3372 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3374 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3376 =item How do I print something out in color?
3378 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3380 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3382 =item How do I clear the screen?
3384 =item How do I get the screen size?
3386 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3388 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3390 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3392 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3394 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3396 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3398 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3400 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3402 =item How do I set the time and date?
3404 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3406 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3408 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3410 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3411 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3413 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3415 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3417 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3419 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3421 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3423 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3425 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3427 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3429 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3431 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3434 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3436 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3438 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3440 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3443 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3444 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3445 changes to be visible?
3449 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3452 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3454 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3456 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3458 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3460 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3462 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3464 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3466 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3468 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3470 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3472 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3474 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3477 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3479 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3483 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3487 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04
3496 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3498 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3501 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3503 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3505 =item How do I extract URLs?
3507 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3508 file on another machine?
3510 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3512 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3514 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3516 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3518 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3520 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3522 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3524 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3525 CGI script to do bad things?
3527 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3529 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3531 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3533 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3535 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3537 =item How do I send mail?
3539 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3541 =item How do I read mail?
3543 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3545 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3547 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3549 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3553 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3557 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3567 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3571 =item Using The Back Ends
3575 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3579 =item The Decompiling Back End
3581 =item The Lint Back End
3583 =item The Simple C Back End
3585 =item The Bytecode Back End
3587 =item The Optimized C Back End
3589 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3590 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3591 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3595 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3601 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3611 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3612 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3616 =item Compiling your C program
3618 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3620 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3622 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3624 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3626 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3628 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3630 =item Execution of END blocks
3632 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3634 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3639 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3649 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3655 =item Debugger Internals
3659 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3663 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3665 =item Debugging regular expressions
3669 =item Compile-time output
3671 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3672 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3673 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3676 =item Types of nodes
3678 =item Run-time output
3682 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3686 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3688 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3689 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3692 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3694 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3696 =item B<-DL> details
3700 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3708 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3720 =item Version caveat
3722 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3734 =item What has gone on?
3736 =item Writing good test scripts
3740 =item What's new here?
3742 =item Input and Output Parameters
3744 =item The XSUBPP Program
3746 =item The TYPEMAP file
3748 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3752 =item What has happened here?
3754 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3756 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3758 =item More about XSUB arguments
3760 =item The Argument Stack
3762 =item Extending your Extension
3764 =item Documenting your Extension
3766 =item Installing your Extension
3770 =item New Things in this Example
3774 =item New Things in this Example
3776 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3778 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3780 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3782 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3798 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3810 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3812 =item The Argument Stack
3814 =item The RETVAL Variable
3816 =item The MODULE Keyword
3818 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3820 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3822 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3824 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3826 =item The CODE: Keyword
3828 =item The INIT: Keyword
3830 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3832 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3834 =item Default Parameter Values
3836 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3838 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3840 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3842 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3844 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3846 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3848 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3850 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3852 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3854 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3856 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3858 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3860 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3862 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3864 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3866 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3868 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3870 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3872 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3874 =item The CASE: Keyword
3876 =item The & Unary Operator
3878 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3880 =item Using XS With C++
3882 =item Interface Strategy
3884 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3888 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
3890 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
3902 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3912 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3914 =item File Operations
3916 =item File Input and Output
3918 =item File Positioning
3920 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3922 =item Character Class Tests
3924 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3926 =item Miscellaneous functions
3934 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3946 =item What is an "IV"?
3948 =item Working with SVs
3952 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3954 =item Working with AVs
3956 =item Working with HVs
3958 =item Hash API Extensions
3962 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3964 =item Creating New Variables
3966 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3968 =item Stashes and Globs
3970 =item Double-Typed SVs
3972 =item Magic Variables
3974 =item Assigning Magic
3976 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3980 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3982 =item Localizing changes
3984 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3985 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3986 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3987 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3988 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3989 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3990 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3991 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3992 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3993 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4001 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4003 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4005 =item Memory Allocation
4009 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4013 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4023 =item Examining the tree
4025 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4027 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4029 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4031 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4033 =item Pluggable runops
4037 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4039 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4043 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4045 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4047 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4049 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4051 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4055 =item Internal Functions
4057 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4061 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4063 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4065 =item Source Documentation
4069 =item Unicode Support
4073 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4075 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4077 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4079 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4081 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4083 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4087 =item Custom Operators
4095 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4101 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4103 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4105 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4125 =item Determining the Context
4129 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4135 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4137 =item Passing Parameters
4139 =item Returning a Scalar
4141 =item Returning a list of values
4143 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4145 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4149 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4153 =item Using call_argv
4155 =item Using call_method
4159 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4161 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4163 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4164 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4167 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4169 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4181 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4191 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4192 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4193 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4194 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4198 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4200 =item Administration
4202 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4206 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4207 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4215 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4225 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4227 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4229 B<Decryption Filters>
4231 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4233 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4235 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4247 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4255 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4256 B<filter_fetch_value>
4262 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4264 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4274 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4280 =item "Gimme" Values
4282 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4284 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4286 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4287 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4288 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4290 =item Callback Functions
4292 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4293 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4295 =item Character classes
4297 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4299 =item Cloning an interpreter
4303 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4305 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4307 =item Embedding Functions
4309 load_module, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free,
4310 perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4312 =item Global Variables
4314 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4318 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv,
4323 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4325 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4327 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4328 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4329 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4330 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store,
4331 hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4333 =item Magical Functions
4335 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4336 SvGETMAGIC, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal
4338 =item Memory Management
4340 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Renew, Renewc, Safefree, savepv,
4341 savepvn, StructCopy, Zero
4343 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4345 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
4346 strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
4348 =item Numeric functions
4350 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4353 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4355 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4357 =item Shared SV Functions
4359 sharedsv_find, sharedsv_init, sharedsv_lock, sharedsv_new,
4360 sharedsv_thrcnt_dec, sharedsv_thrcnt_inc, sharedsv_unlock
4362 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4364 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4365 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4366 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4367 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4368 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4372 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4374 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4376 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4377 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4378 new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4379 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx,
4380 SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
4381 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4382 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4383 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4384 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVX, SvPVx,
4385 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4386 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4387 SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE,
4388 SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVx, SvUVX,
4389 sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte,
4390 sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen,
4391 sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4392 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4393 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec,
4394 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free,
4395 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
4396 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
4397 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
4398 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
4399 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset,
4400 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
4401 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
4402 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
4403 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
4404 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref,
4405 sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
4406 sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
4407 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4409 =item Unicode Support
4411 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4412 pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case,
4413 to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr,
4414 utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes,
4415 utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
4417 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4419 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4420 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4422 =item Warning and Dieing
4432 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4439 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
4440 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena,
4441 sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4449 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4459 =item History and Background
4461 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4463 =item Data Structures
4465 =item Functions and Attributes
4467 =item Per-instance Data
4469 =item Layers in action.
4471 =item Per-instance flag bits
4473 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4474 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4475 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4476 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4478 =item Methods in Detail
4480 char * name;, Size_t size;, IV kind;, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4481 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, PERLIO_K_RAW, IV
4482 (*Pushed)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4483 (*Popped)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4484 (*Getarg)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, CLONE_PARAMS *param, int flags), IV
4485 (*Fileno)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Dup)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, PerlIO *o,
4486 CLONE_PARAMS *param, int flags), SSize_t (*Read)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f,
4487 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, const
4488 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const void
4489 *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f, Off_t
4490 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);, IV
4491 (*Close)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);,
4492 IV (*Fill)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(pTHX_ PerlIO
4493 *f);, IV (*Error)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);, void
4494 (*Clearerr)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);, void (*Setlinebuf)(pTHX_ PerlIO
4495 *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);, Size_t
4496 (*Get_bufsiz)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_ptr)(pTHX_ PerlIO
4497 *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f);, void
4498 (*Set_ptrcnt)(pTHX_ PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4502 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4504 =item Extension Layers
4506 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4514 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4522 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4523 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4524 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4525 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4526 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4527 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4528 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4529 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4530 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4531 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4532 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4536 =item Co-existence with stdio
4538 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4539 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4541 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4543 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4544 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4545 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4546 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4548 =item Other Functions
4550 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4551 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4557 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4563 =item To do during 5.6.x
4567 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4569 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4571 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4573 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4575 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4579 =item use Thread for iThreads
4581 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4583 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4585 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4587 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4589 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4591 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4593 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4595 =item Complete signal handling
4597 =item Out-of-source builds
4599 =item POSIX realtime support
4601 =item UNIX98 support
4605 =item Long double conversion
4609 =item Thread-safe regexes
4611 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4613 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4615 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4617 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4619 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
4621 =item DLL Versioning
4623 =item Introduce @( and @)
4625 =item Floating point handling
4627 =item IV/UV preservation
4629 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4631 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4633 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4635 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4637 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4639 =item Document Win32 choices
4641 =item Check new modules
4643 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4647 =item To do at some point
4651 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4653 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4655 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4657 =item bitfields in pack
4659 =item Cross compilation
4661 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4663 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4665 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4667 =item -i rename file when changed
4669 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4671 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4673 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4675 =item my sub foo { }
4677 =item One-pass global destruction
4679 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4681 =item Cache recently used regexps
4683 =item Re-entrant functions
4685 =item Cross-compilation support
4687 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4689 =item debugger pragma
4691 =item use less pragma
4693 =item switch structures
4695 =item Cache eval tree
4699 =item Shrink opcode tables
4701 =item Optimize away @_
4703 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4707 =item Prototype method calls
4709 =item Return context prototype declarations
4713 =item Garbage collection
4717 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4719 =item Rewrite perldoc
4721 =item Install .3p manpages
4723 =item Unicode tutorial
4725 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4727 =item Retargetable installation
4729 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4731 =item Rename Win32 headers
4733 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4735 =item Update sprintf documentation
4737 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4739 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4747 =item ref() in list context
4749 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4751 =item Compile to real threaded code
4753 =item Structured types
4755 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4757 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4761 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4765 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4767 =item Constant function cache
4769 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4777 =item Update guts documentation
4779 =item Add more tests
4781 =item Update auxiliary tools
4785 =item Recently done things
4789 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4791 =item Safe signal handling
4797 =item setitimer and getimiter
4799 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4801 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4803 =item Explicit switch statements
4811 =item perlcc to produce executable
4813 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4815 =item Secure temporary file module
4817 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4819 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4821 =item Mmap for input
4823 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4825 =item Add sockatmark support
4827 =item Mailing list archives
4831 =item Integrate MacPerl
4833 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4835 =item Regular expression tutorial
4837 =item Debugging Tutorial
4839 =item Integrate new modules
4841 =item Integrate profiler
4843 =item Y2K error detection
4845 =item Regular expression debugger
4849 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4851 =item Cache precompiled modules
4855 =item Deprecated Wishes
4859 =item Loop control on do{}
4861 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4867 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4869 =item Named prototypes
4871 =item Built-in globbing
4873 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4875 =item Cached hash values
4877 =item Add compression modules
4879 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4881 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4883 =item Make XS easier to use
4885 =item Make embedding easier to use
4889 =item my $Package::variable
4891 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4893 =item "class"-based lexicals
4897 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4899 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4901 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4903 =item Create debugging macros
4905 =item truncate to the people
4911 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4917 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4918 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4919 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4920 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4921 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4922 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4923 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4927 =item Keeping in sync
4929 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4930 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4932 =item Why rsync the source tree
4934 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
4936 =item Why rsync the patches
4938 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4939 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4941 =item Perlbug remote interface
4943 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
4944 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
4946 =item Submitting patches
4948 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4949 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4951 =item Finding Your Way Around
4953 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4955 =item Elements of the interpreter
4957 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4959 =item Internal Variable Types
4965 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4967 =item Millions of Macros
4969 =item Poking at Perl
4971 =item Using a source-level debugger
4973 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4974 finish, 'enter', print
4976 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4980 =item Patching a core module
4982 =item Adding a new function to the core
4984 =item Writing a test
4986 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
4987 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
4991 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4995 =item Rational Software's Purify
4997 =item Purify on Unix
4999 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5003 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5005 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
5007 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5011 =item Gprof Profiling
5013 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5015 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5017 =item Pixie Profiling
5019 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5024 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5032 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5040 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5052 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5054 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5058 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5062 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5068 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5070 =item Incompatible Changes
5074 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5076 =item AIX Dynaloading
5078 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time.
5080 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5082 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5084 =item New Unicode Properties
5086 =item Perl Parser Stress Tested
5088 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5094 =item Core Enhancements
5098 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5102 =item Unicode Overhaul
5104 =item Understanding of Numbers
5106 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5110 =item Modules and Pragmata
5114 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5116 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5120 =item Utility Changes
5122 =item New Documentation
5124 =item Performance Enhancements
5126 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5130 =item Generic Improvements
5132 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5136 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5140 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5144 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5146 =item Changed Internals
5148 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5152 =item Known Problems
5158 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5160 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5162 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5164 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5166 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5168 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5174 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5176 =item Failure of Thread tests
5186 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5188 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5190 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5192 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5194 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5196 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5198 =item The Long Double Support Is Still Experimental
5200 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5204 =item Reporting Bugs
5212 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5218 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5220 =item Incompatible Changes
5224 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5226 =item AIX Dynaloading
5228 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5230 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5236 =item Core Enhancements
5238 =item Modules and Pragmata
5242 =item New Modules and Distributions
5244 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5248 =item Utility Changes
5250 =item New Documentation
5252 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5256 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5258 =item Generic Improvements
5262 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5266 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5270 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5272 =item Source Code Enhancements
5276 =item MAGIC constants
5278 =item Better commented code
5280 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5288 =item Known Problems
5294 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5296 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5298 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5300 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5302 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5304 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5308 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5310 =item Failure of Thread tests
5320 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5322 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5324 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5326 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5328 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5330 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5334 =item Reporting Bugs
5342 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5348 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5350 =item Incompatible Changes
5352 =item Core Enhancements
5356 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5358 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5360 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5364 =item Modules and Pragmata
5370 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5374 =item Performance Enhancements
5376 =item Utility Changes
5378 =item New Documentation
5394 =item README.solaris
5398 =item Porting/repository.pod
5402 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5406 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5408 =item Generic Improvements
5410 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5411 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5412 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5416 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5420 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5424 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5426 =item Changed Internals
5430 =item Known Problems
5434 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5436 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5438 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5440 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5444 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5446 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5448 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5450 =item Failure of Thread tests
5452 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5454 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5456 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5458 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5462 =item Reporting Bugs
5470 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5476 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5478 =item Incompatible Changes
5480 =item Core Enhancements
5482 =item Modules and Pragmata
5488 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5492 =item Utility Changes
5494 =item New Documentation
5496 =item Performance Enhancements
5498 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5502 =item Generic Improvements
5506 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5510 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5514 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5516 =item Changed Internals
5518 =item Known Problems
5522 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5524 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5526 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5528 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5530 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5532 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5534 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5536 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5538 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5540 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5544 =item Reporting Bugs
5552 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5558 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5562 =item Security Issues
5564 =item Core bug fixes
5566 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5567 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5568 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5569 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5570 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5571 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5576 =item Configuration issues
5580 =item Bundled modules
5582 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5583 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5584 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5585 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5587 =item Platform-specific improvements
5589 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5593 =item Core Enhancements
5597 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5599 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5601 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5603 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5605 =item "our" declarations
5607 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5609 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5611 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5613 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5615 =item open() with more than two arguments
5617 =item 64-bit support
5619 =item Large file support
5625 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5627 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5629 =item File globbing implemented internally
5631 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5633 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5635 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5637 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5639 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5641 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5643 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5645 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5647 =item Comments in pack() templates
5649 =item Weak references
5651 =item Binary numbers supported
5653 =item Lvalue subroutines
5655 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5657 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5659 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5661 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5663 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5665 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5667 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5669 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5671 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5673 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5675 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5677 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5679 =item Improved diagnostics
5681 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5683 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5685 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5687 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5689 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5691 =item Improved security features
5693 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5695 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5697 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5699 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5701 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5703 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5705 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5709 =item Modules and Pragmata
5715 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5716 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5717 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5718 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5719 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5720 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5721 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5722 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5728 =item Utility Changes
5742 =item The Perl Debugger
5746 =item Improved Documentation
5748 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5749 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5750 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5751 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5753 =item Performance enhancements
5757 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5759 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5761 =item Faster subroutine calls
5763 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5767 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5771 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5773 =item New Configure flags
5775 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5781 =item -Duselargefiles
5783 =item installusrbinperl
5789 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5791 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
5795 =item Platform specific changes
5799 =item Supported platforms
5803 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5811 =item Significant bug fixes
5815 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5817 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5819 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5821 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5823 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5825 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5827 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5829 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5831 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5833 =item Locale bugs fixed
5837 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5839 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5841 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5843 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5847 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5849 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5850 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5851 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5852 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5853 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5854 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5855 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5856 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5857 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5858 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5859 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5860 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5861 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5862 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5863 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5864 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5865 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5866 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5867 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5868 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5869 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5870 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5871 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5872 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5873 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5874 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5875 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5876 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5877 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5878 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5879 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5880 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5881 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5882 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5883 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5884 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5885 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5886 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5887 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5888 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5889 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5890 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5891 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5892 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5893 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5894 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5895 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5896 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5897 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5898 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5902 =item Incompatible Changes
5906 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5908 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5909 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5910 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5911 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5912 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5913 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5914 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5915 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5916 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5917 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5918 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5920 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5922 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5924 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5926 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5928 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5932 =item Known Problems
5936 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
5938 =item Known test failures
5940 64-bit builds, Failure of Thread tests, NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure,
5941 Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc
5943 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
5945 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5947 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5949 =item Experimental features
5951 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5952 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5953 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5957 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5959 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5960 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5961 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5962 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5964 =item Reporting Bugs
5972 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
5978 =item Core Enhancements
5982 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5984 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5986 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5988 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5990 =item "our" declarations
5992 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5994 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5996 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5998 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6000 =item open() with more than two arguments
6002 =item 64-bit support
6004 =item Large file support
6010 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6012 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6014 =item File globbing implemented internally
6016 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6018 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6020 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6022 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6024 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6026 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6028 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6030 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6032 =item Comments in pack() templates
6034 =item Weak references
6036 =item Binary numbers supported
6038 =item Lvalue subroutines
6040 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6042 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6044 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6046 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6048 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6050 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6052 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6054 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6056 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6058 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6060 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6062 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6064 =item Improved diagnostics
6066 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6068 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6070 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6072 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6074 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6076 =item Improved security features
6078 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6080 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6082 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6084 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6086 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6088 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6090 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6094 =item Modules and Pragmata
6100 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6101 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6102 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6103 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6104 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6105 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6106 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6107 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6113 =item Utility Changes
6127 =item The Perl Debugger
6131 =item Improved Documentation
6133 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6134 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6135 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6136 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6138 =item Performance enhancements
6142 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6144 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6146 =item Faster subroutine calls
6148 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6152 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6156 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6158 =item New Configure flags
6160 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6166 =item -Duselargefiles
6168 =item installusrbinperl
6174 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6178 =item Platform specific changes
6182 =item Supported platforms
6186 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6194 =item Significant bug fixes
6198 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6200 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6202 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6204 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6206 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6208 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6210 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6212 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6214 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6216 =item Locale bugs fixed
6220 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6222 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6224 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6226 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6230 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6232 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6233 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6234 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6235 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6236 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6237 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6238 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6239 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6240 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6241 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6242 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6243 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6244 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6245 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6246 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6247 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6248 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6249 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6250 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6251 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6252 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6253 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6254 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6255 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6256 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6257 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6258 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6259 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6260 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6261 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6262 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6263 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6264 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6265 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6266 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6267 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6268 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6269 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6270 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6271 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6272 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6273 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6274 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6275 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6276 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6277 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6278 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6279 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6280 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6281 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6285 =item Incompatible Changes
6289 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6291 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6292 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6293 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6294 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6295 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6296 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6297 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6298 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6299 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6300 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6301 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6303 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6305 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6307 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6309 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6311 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6315 =item Known Problems
6319 =item Thread test failures
6321 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6323 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6325 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6327 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6330 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6332 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6334 =item Experimental features
6336 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6337 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6338 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6342 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6344 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6345 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6346 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6347 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6349 =item Reporting Bugs
6357 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6363 =item About the new versioning system
6365 =item Incompatible Changes
6369 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6371 =item Default installation structure has changed
6373 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6375 =item C Source Compatibility
6377 =item Binary Compatibility
6379 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6381 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6395 =item Regular Expressions
6397 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6398 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6399 improvements, Incompatible changes
6401 =item Improved malloc()
6403 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6405 =item Reliable signals
6407 =item Reliable stack pointers
6409 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6413 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6415 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6417 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6419 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6421 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6423 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6425 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6427 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6429 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6431 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6433 =item Better locale support
6435 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6437 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6439 =item Extended support for exception handling
6441 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6443 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6445 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6447 =item New C<lock> keyword
6449 =item New C<qr//> operator
6451 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6453 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6455 =item Tied handles support is better
6457 =item 4th argument to substr
6459 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6461 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6463 =item <> now reads in records
6467 =item Supported Platforms
6473 =item Changes in existing support
6477 =item Modules and Pragmata
6483 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6484 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6485 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6487 =item Changes in existing modules
6489 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6490 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6494 =item Utility Changes
6496 =item Documentation Changes
6498 =item New Diagnostics
6500 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6501 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6502 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6503 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6504 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6505 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6506 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6507 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6508 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6509 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6510 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6511 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6512 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6513 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6514 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6515 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6516 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6518 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6520 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6521 temporary file, regexp too big
6523 =item Configuration Changes
6533 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
6539 =item Supported Environments
6545 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6547 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6549 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6551 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6553 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6555 =item More precise warnings
6557 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6559 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6561 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6563 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6565 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6567 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6569 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6571 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6573 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6575 =item Changes to tainting checks
6577 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6578 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6580 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6582 =item Embedding improvements
6584 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6586 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6588 =item New and changed syntax
6592 =item New and changed builtin constants
6596 =item New and changed builtin variables
6600 =item New and changed builtin functions
6602 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6603 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6604 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6605 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6606 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6608 =item New builtin methods
6610 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6612 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6614 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6615 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6617 =item Malloc enhancements
6619 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6621 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6625 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6641 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6642 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6648 =item Required Updates
6650 =item Installation directories
6652 =item Module information summary
6666 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6670 =item Utility Changes
6676 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6680 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6684 =item C Language API Changes
6686 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6689 =item Documentation Changes
6691 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6692 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6694 =item New Diagnostics
6696 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6697 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6698 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6699 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6700 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6701 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6702 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6703 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6704 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6705 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6706 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6707 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6708 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6709 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6710 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6711 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6712 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6713 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6714 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6715 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6716 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6717 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6718 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6719 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6720 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6730 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6738 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6742 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6744 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
6746 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
6748 =item Using Large Files with Perl
6754 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
6764 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
6774 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
6788 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
6790 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
6792 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
6794 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
6800 =item Accessing documentation
6804 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
6806 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
6808 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
6810 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
6814 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
6818 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
6820 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
6822 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
6824 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
6826 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
6836 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
6844 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
6846 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
6850 =item Contact Information
6852 =item Update 2001-12-26
6858 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
6868 =item gzip on BS2000
6870 =item bison on BS2000
6872 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
6874 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
6876 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
6878 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
6880 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
6882 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
6884 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
6918 =item Acknowledgements
6924 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
6930 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
6934 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
6936 =item Cygwin Configuration
6938 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
6942 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
6946 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
6948 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
6950 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
6951 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
6953 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
6955 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
6956 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
6958 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
6960 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
6964 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
6968 =item Warnings on Cygwin
6974 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
6978 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
6980 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
6982 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
6986 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
6988 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
6990 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
6991 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
6993 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7001 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7013 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7017 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7019 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7021 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7023 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7033 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7043 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7047 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7049 =item Building Perl on DOS
7051 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7053 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7057 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7061 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7063 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7065 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7067 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7077 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7085 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7087 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7089 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
7091 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
7095 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
7097 =item PATH Names on Epoc
7099 =item Editors on Epoc
7101 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7103 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7105 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7109 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7117 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7126 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7128 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7140 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7142 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7144 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7146 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7148 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7150 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7152 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7154 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7156 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7158 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7160 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7164 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7172 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7180 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7188 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7197 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7199 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7201 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7203 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7213 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7227 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7233 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7239 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7247 =item Binary distribution from HP
7249 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7251 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7253 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7255 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7257 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7259 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7260 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7262 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7266 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7268 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7270 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7272 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7274 =item Perl/iX Change History
7290 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
7302 =item Build new extensions
7306 =item Acknowledgements
7314 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7334 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7336 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7338 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7342 =item Frequently asked questions
7346 =item "It does not work"
7348 =item I cannot run external programs
7350 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7353 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7356 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7358 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7366 =item Automatic binary installation
7368 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7370 =item Manual binary installation
7372 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7373 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7374 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7375 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7376 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7382 =item Accessing documentation
7386 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7394 =item GNU C<info> files
7406 =item The short story
7410 =item Getting perl source
7412 =item Application of the patches
7420 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7423 =item Installing the built perl
7425 =item C<a.out>-style build
7433 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7435 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7437 =item Problems with tr or sed
7439 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7441 =item Library ... not found
7443 =item Segfault in make
7445 =item op/sprintf test failure
7449 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7453 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7457 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7459 =item Additional modules:
7461 =item Prebuilt methods:
7463 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7464 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7465 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7466 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7467 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7468 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7469 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7470 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7471 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7472 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7473 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
7475 =item Prebuilt variables:
7477 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
7483 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7486 =item Identifying DLLs
7488 =item Centralized management of resources
7504 =item F<perl___.exe>
7506 =item Why strange names?
7508 =item Why dynamic linking?
7510 =item Why chimera build?
7518 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7520 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7522 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7524 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7526 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7528 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7538 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7540 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7542 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7545 =item DLL forwarder generation
7549 =item Calls to external programs
7551 =item Memory allocation
7555 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7571 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7584 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7586 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7588 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7590 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7592 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7594 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7596 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7598 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7600 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7602 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7612 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7620 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7628 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7630 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7632 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7634 =item QNX auxiliary files
7638 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7646 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7656 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7658 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7660 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7662 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7666 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7670 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7682 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
7690 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
7696 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
7702 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
7704 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
7706 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
7710 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
7714 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7716 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
7718 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7722 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
7724 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
7725 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
7726 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
7732 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
7734 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7738 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
7740 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
7744 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
7748 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
7750 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
7754 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
7756 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
7758 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
7768 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
7769 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
7777 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
7779 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
7781 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
7783 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
7785 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
7787 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
7791 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
7797 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
7805 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
7807 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
7813 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
7823 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
7825 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
7827 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
7829 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
7831 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
7841 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
7847 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
7855 =item Organization of Perl Images
7861 =item Perl Extensions
7863 =item Installing static extensions
7865 =item Installing dynamic extensions
7869 =item File specifications
7875 =item Wildcard expansion
7881 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
7887 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
7889 =item Command line switches
7895 =item Perl functions
7897 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
7898 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
7899 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
7900 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
7902 =item Perl variables
7904 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
7906 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
7920 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
7928 =item Stratus POSIX Support
7932 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
7936 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
7938 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
7942 =item USING PERL IN VOS
7946 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
7948 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
7952 =item SUPPORT STATUS
7960 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
7970 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
7972 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC
7976 =item Testing Perl on Win32
7978 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
7980 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
7982 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
7983 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
7984 Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things
7988 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
7992 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
7993 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
7994 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8002 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8004 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8016 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8026 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8027 data structures between threads
8039 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
8040 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8052 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8061 $thread = new(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8062 threads->self, $thread->tid
8066 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
8069 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8073 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
8074 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
8080 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8090 =item Built-in Attributes
8092 locked, method, lvalue
8094 =item Available Subroutines
8098 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8100 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8102 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8110 =item Default exports
8112 =item Available exports
8114 =item Export tags defined
8124 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8136 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8152 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8166 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8180 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8193 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8202 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8204 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8206 =item charnames::vianame(code)
8208 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
8214 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8226 =item List constants
8228 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8230 =item Magic constants
8234 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8244 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8255 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8257 =item The I<splain> Program
8271 =head2 encoding - pragma to control the conversion of legacy data into
8280 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8286 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8300 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8310 =item subpragma access
8316 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8327 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8337 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8347 =item Adding directories to @INC
8349 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8351 =item Restoring original @INC
8363 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8374 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
8382 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8384 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8390 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8402 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8412 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8414 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8416 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8418 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8420 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8422 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8424 =item Overloadable Operations
8426 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8427 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8428 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8430 =item Inheritance and overloading
8432 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8433 is inherited by derived classes
8437 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8445 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8447 =item Copy Constructor
8453 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8455 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8456 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8457 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8460 =item Losing overloading
8462 =item Run-time Overloading
8464 =item Public functions
8466 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8468 =item Overloading constants
8470 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8472 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8474 =item Metaphor clash
8480 =item Two-face scalars
8482 =item Two-face references
8484 =item Symbolic calculator
8486 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8494 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8495 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8501 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8511 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8523 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8525 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8529 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8533 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
8541 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
8551 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
8559 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
8563 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
8573 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8582 $thread = new(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8583 threads->self, $thread->tid
8587 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
8590 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8594 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
8595 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
8601 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
8602 structures between threads
8614 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
8615 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8627 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
8638 =item Utility functions
8640 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
8641 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
8649 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
8659 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
8667 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
8671 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
8679 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
8680 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
8681 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
8682 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
8683 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
8687 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
8697 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
8699 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
8709 =item DBM Comparisons
8719 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
8729 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
8733 =item Typed lexicals
8735 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
8737 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
8739 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
8741 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
8749 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
8750 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
8751 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
8752 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>
8762 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
8772 =item Subroutine Stubs
8774 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
8776 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
8778 =item Package Lexicals
8780 =item Not Using AutoLoader
8782 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
8792 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
8800 $keep, $check, $modtime
8804 =item Multiple packages
8812 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
8820 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
8824 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
8832 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
8846 =item B::PVMG METHODS
8850 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
8852 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
8854 =item B::PVLV METHODS
8856 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
8860 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
8864 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
8865 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
8869 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
8870 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
8874 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
8878 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
8883 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
8885 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
8889 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
8891 =item B::UNOP METHOD
8895 =item B::BINOP METHOD
8899 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
8903 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
8907 =item B::PMOP METHODS
8909 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
8910 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
8912 =item B::SVOP METHOD
8916 =item B::PADOP METHOD
8920 =item B::PVOP METHOD
8924 =item B::LOOP METHODS
8926 redoop, nextop, lastop
8928 =item B::COP METHODS
8930 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
8934 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
8936 main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
8937 regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP,
8938 METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE,
8939 PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c,
8940 cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
8946 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
8955 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
8961 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
8973 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
8993 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9003 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9004 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9005 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9015 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9025 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9026 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9027 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9038 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9048 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9049 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9050 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
9062 =item Context of ".."
9066 =item Deprecated features
9074 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
9084 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
9085 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
9086 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
9088 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
9090 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
9091 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
9092 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
9093 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
9094 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
9095 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
9096 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
9097 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
9103 =item OP flags abbreviations
9105 =item OP class abbreviations
9109 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
9115 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
9127 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
9137 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
9138 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
9140 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
9150 =item ambient_pragmas
9152 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
9164 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
9176 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
9184 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
9186 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
9187 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
9189 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9199 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9209 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9215 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9227 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9239 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9241 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9253 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9263 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
9271 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9291 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9305 =item Standard Exports
9307 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9308 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9309 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9311 =item Optional Exports
9313 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9314 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9315 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9331 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9335 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9349 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9359 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9360 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9361 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9371 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9383 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9385 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9387 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9389 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9391 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9393 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9395 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9397 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9399 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9401 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9403 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9405 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9407 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9409 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9411 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9413 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9415 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9417 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9418 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9422 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9423 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9426 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9428 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9429 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9434 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9438 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9440 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9442 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9444 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9446 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9448 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9450 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9452 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9453 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9455 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9459 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9463 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9465 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9467 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9469 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9471 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9473 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9474 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9476 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9480 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9484 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9486 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9488 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9490 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9494 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9496 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9498 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9502 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9504 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
9508 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
9512 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
9516 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
9520 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
9524 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
9526 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
9528 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
9532 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
9534 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
9535 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
9537 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
9543 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
9544 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
9546 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
9548 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
9549 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
9552 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
9558 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
9562 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
9564 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
9565 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
9566 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
9567 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
9568 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
9569 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
9571 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
9573 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
9578 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
9580 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
9582 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
9583 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
9585 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
9587 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9591 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
9592 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
9593 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
9594 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
9595 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
9596 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
9597 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
9598 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
9599 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
9600 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
9601 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
9602 ...and many many more..
9604 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
9612 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
9622 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9630 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
9639 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
9641 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
9645 =item Changing the default message
9649 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
9659 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
9667 =item USING CGI::Cookie
9669 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
9673 =item Creating New Cookies
9675 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
9677 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
9679 =item Manipulating Cookies
9681 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
9685 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9693 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
9701 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
9703 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
9705 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
9707 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
9709 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
9711 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
9715 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9723 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
9733 =item Tags that won't be formatted
9735 =item Customizing the Indenting
9747 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
9755 =item USING CGI::Push
9757 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
9761 =item Heterogeneous Pages
9763 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
9767 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
9769 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9777 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
9787 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9795 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
9803 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9809 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
9819 =item Interactive Mode
9821 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
9822 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
9823 distribution, ls author, Signals
9831 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
9833 =item Programmer's interface
9835 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
9837 =item Methods in the other Classes
9839 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
9840 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
9841 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
9842 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
9843 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
9844 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
9845 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
9846 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
9847 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
9848 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
9849 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
9850 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
9851 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
9852 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
9853 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
9854 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
9855 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
9856 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
9857 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
9858 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
9859 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
9860 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
9861 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
9862 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
9863 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
9864 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
9872 =item Finding packages and VERSION
9876 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
9882 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
9883 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
9884 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
9885 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
9889 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
9891 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
9899 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
9901 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
9905 =item Three basic types of firewalls
9907 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
9909 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
9915 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
9927 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
9937 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
9950 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
9960 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
9968 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
9970 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
9980 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
9981 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
9982 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
9984 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
9992 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10002 =item The C<struct()> function
10004 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10006 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10008 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10009 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10011 =item Initializing with C<new>
10017 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10019 =item Author and Modification History
10023 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10031 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
10043 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
10047 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
10048 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
10049 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
10054 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
10055 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
10059 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
10060 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
10061 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
10062 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
10063 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
10064 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
10068 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
10069 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
10070 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
10071 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
10072 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
10073 C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>,
10074 C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>,
10075 C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>,
10076 C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>,
10077 C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>,
10078 C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
10079 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
10080 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
10081 C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
10082 C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
10083 C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>,
10084 C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>,
10085 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
10086 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>,
10087 C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
10088 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
10089 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
10090 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
10091 C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>,
10092 C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
10093 C<d_htonl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
10094 C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>,
10095 C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
10096 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
10097 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
10098 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
10099 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
10100 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
10101 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
10102 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
10103 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
10104 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
10105 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
10106 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
10107 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
10108 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
10109 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
10110 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
10111 C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>,
10112 C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>,
10113 C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>,
10114 C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
10115 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>,
10116 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
10117 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
10118 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
10119 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>,
10120 C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
10121 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setpwent>,
10122 C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>,
10123 C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
10124 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
10125 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
10126 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
10127 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
10128 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
10129 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
10130 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
10131 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
10132 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>,
10133 C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>,
10134 C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>,
10135 C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
10136 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
10137 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
10138 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
10139 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
10140 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>,
10141 C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
10142 C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>,
10143 C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
10144 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
10145 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
10149 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
10150 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
10154 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
10155 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
10160 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
10161 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>,
10166 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
10170 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
10171 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
10172 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_fp>,
10173 C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
10174 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
10175 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
10176 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
10177 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
10178 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
10179 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
10180 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
10181 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
10182 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
10183 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
10184 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
10185 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
10186 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
10187 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
10188 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
10189 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
10190 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
10191 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
10192 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
10193 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
10197 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
10201 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
10202 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
10203 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
10204 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
10205 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
10206 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
10210 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10211 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10212 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10216 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10217 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10221 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10222 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10223 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
10224 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10228 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10229 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10233 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10234 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10238 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10239 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10240 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10241 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10245 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10249 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
10250 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10254 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10255 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
10256 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
10257 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
10258 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
10259 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10260 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10261 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10262 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10263 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10264 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
10265 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
10266 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
10267 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10271 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10272 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
10276 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10277 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10278 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10279 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10280 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10281 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10282 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10283 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10284 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10288 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10289 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10290 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10291 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10295 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10299 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10311 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10321 =item getcwd and friends
10323 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10325 =item abs_path and friends
10327 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10339 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10351 =item Global Variables
10353 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10354 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10359 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10360 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10362 =item Client Callback Methods
10364 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10365 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10366 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10376 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10384 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10388 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10390 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10392 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10394 =item Default Parameters
10396 =item In Memory Databases
10404 =item A Simple Example
10412 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10414 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10416 =item The get_dup() Method
10418 =item The find_dup() Method
10420 =item The del_dup() Method
10422 =item Matching Partial Keys
10430 =item The 'bval' Option
10432 =item A Simple Example
10434 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10436 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10437 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10438 length, elements);>
10440 =item Another Example
10444 =item THE API INTERFACE
10446 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10447 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10448 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10449 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10453 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10454 B<filter_fetch_value>
10460 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10462 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10466 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10470 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10472 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10474 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
10476 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
10478 =item The untie() Gotcha
10482 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
10486 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
10488 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
10490 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
10492 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
10512 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
10513 printing and C<eval>
10525 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
10526 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
10527 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
10534 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
10536 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10537 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10538 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10539 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10540 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10541 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10542 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10543 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10544 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10545 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10546 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10547 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10548 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10549 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10550 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
10570 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
10578 =item PROFILE FORMAT
10590 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
10612 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
10622 =item Runtime debugging
10624 =item Memory footprint debugging
10632 =item A simple scalar string
10634 =item A simple scalar number
10636 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
10638 =item A reference to a simple scalar
10640 =item A reference to an array
10642 =item A reference to a hash
10644 =item Dumping a large array or hash
10646 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
10648 =item A reference to a subroutine
10662 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
10672 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
10680 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
10684 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
10685 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
10686 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
10694 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
10704 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
10708 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
10709 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
10721 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
10733 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
10745 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
10746 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
10747 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
10752 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
10753 veryCompact, set, get
10759 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
10767 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
10768 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
10769 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
10770 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
10777 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
10790 =head2 Encode - character encodings
10808 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
10810 =item Types of Encodings
10812 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
10813 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
10815 =item Specifying Encodings
10817 1. By name, 2. As an object
10819 =item Encoding Names
10821 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFCs, The name in the IANA registry, The
10822 name used by the organization that defined it
10826 =item PERL ENCODING API
10830 =item Generic Encoding Interface
10832 =item Handling Malformed Data
10834 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
10838 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
10840 =item Listing available encodings
10842 =item Defining Aliases
10844 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
10847 =item Defining Encodings
10851 =item Encoding and IO
10853 =item Encoding How to ...
10855 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
10856 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
10858 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
10860 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
10862 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
10864 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
10865 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
10869 =item Compiled Encodings
10871 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
10872 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
10880 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
10881 of the Encode extension
10887 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
10895 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
10897 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
10903 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
10911 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
10924 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
10939 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
10955 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
10965 =item How to Export
10967 =item Selecting What To Export
10969 =item How to Import
10971 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
10975 =item Advanced features
10979 =item Specialised Import Lists
10981 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
10983 =item Module Version Checking
10985 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
10987 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
10989 =item Generating combined tags
10991 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
10997 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
11007 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
11028 mv source... destination
11030 cp source... destination
11048 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
11058 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
11068 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
11070 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
11074 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
11082 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
11085 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
11087 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
11089 WriteMakefileSnippet
11091 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
11092 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
11100 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
11112 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
11113 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
11123 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
11133 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
11145 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
11146 packlist(), version()
11154 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
11162 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
11168 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
11178 =item VMS implementation
11180 =item Win32 implementation
11188 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11189 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11201 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11202 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11210 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
11214 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11215 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11241 test_via_harness (o)
11243 tool_autosplit (override)
11261 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11262 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11276 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11288 =item Preloaded methods
11308 =item SelfLoaded methods
11354 file_name_is_absolute
11360 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
11400 maybe_command_in_dirs
11428 post_initialize (o)
11440 replace_manpage_separator
11454 test_via_harness (o)
11456 test_via_script (o)
11486 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11487 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11497 =item Methods always loaded
11509 =item SelfLoaded methods
11511 guess_name (override)
11515 find_perl (override)
11519 maybe_command (override)
11521 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
11523 perl_script (override)
11525 file_name_is_absolute (override)
11527 replace_manpage_separator
11529 init_others (override)
11531 constants (override)
11535 const_cccmd (override)
11537 pm_to_blib (override)
11539 tool_autosplit (override)
11541 tool_sxubpp (override)
11543 xsubpp_version (override)
11545 tools_other (override)
11555 top_targets (override)
11559 dynamic_lib (override)
11561 dynamic_bs (override)
11563 static_lib (override)
11565 manifypods (override)
11567 processPL (override)
11569 installbin (override)
11571 subdir_x (override)
11575 realclean (override)
11577 dist_basics (override)
11579 dist_core (override)
11581 dist_dir (override)
11583 dist_test (override)
11587 perldepend (override)
11589 makefile (override)
11593 test_via_harness (override)
11595 test_via_script (override)
11597 makeaperl (override)
11599 nicetext (override)
11601 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11602 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11628 test_via_harness (o)
11630 tool_autosplit (override)
11648 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
11658 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
11660 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
11668 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
11672 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
11674 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
11676 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
11678 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
11680 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
11681 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
11682 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
11683 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
11684 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
11685 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
11686 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
11687 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
11688 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
11689 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
11690 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE,
11691 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERM_RW,
11692 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
11693 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PRINT,
11694 PRINT_PREREQ, SKIP, TEST_LIBS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
11695 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
11697 =item Additional lowercase attributes
11699 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
11702 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
11704 =item Hintsfile support
11706 =item Distribution Support
11708 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
11709 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
11710 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
11712 =item Disabling an extension
11718 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
11726 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
11734 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
11738 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
11742 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
11743 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
11747 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
11755 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
11767 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
11777 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
11786 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
11794 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
11806 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
11814 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
11824 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
11836 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
11846 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
11850 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
11858 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
11862 C<basename>, C<dirname>
11866 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
11876 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
11890 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
11900 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
11902 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
11914 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
11924 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
11936 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
11944 B<find>, B<finddepth>
11950 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
11951 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
11952 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
11954 =item The wanted function
11956 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
11957 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
11958 pathname to the file
11966 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
11974 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
11982 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
11983 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
11984 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
11988 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
11996 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
12008 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
12018 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
12019 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
12020 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
12028 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
12038 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
12072 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
12090 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
12118 file_name_is_absolute
12148 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
12158 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
12191 file_name_is_absolute
12213 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
12229 =item Methods always loaded
12231 canonpath (override)
12249 case_tolerant (override)
12253 file_name_is_absolute (override)
12255 splitpath (override)
12257 splitdir (override)
12271 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
12301 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
12325 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
12339 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
12349 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
12357 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
12365 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
12367 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
12379 =item Temporary files and NFS
12391 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
12405 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
12417 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
12425 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
12431 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
12445 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
12447 =item All-in-one interface
12449 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
12451 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
12454 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
12456 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
12457 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
12458 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
12460 described in the previous section.
12462 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
12464 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
12476 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
12486 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
12490 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
12492 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
12500 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
12502 =item Example 2: Using the context
12504 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
12506 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
12510 =item Filter::Simple
12518 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
12526 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
12538 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
12554 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
12562 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
12564 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
12568 =item Simple options
12570 =item A little bit less simple options
12572 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
12574 =item Options with values
12576 =item Options with multiple values
12578 =item Options with hash values
12580 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
12582 =item Options with multiple names
12584 =item Case and abbreviations
12586 =item Summary of Option Specifications
12588 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
12592 =item Advanced Possibilities
12596 =item Object oriented interface
12598 =item Documentation and help texts
12600 =item Storing options in a hash
12604 =item The lonesome dash
12606 =item Argument callback
12610 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
12612 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
12613 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
12614 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
12615 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
12616 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
12618 =item Return values and Errors
12624 =item Default destinations
12626 =item Alternative option starters
12628 =item Configuration variables
12632 =item Trouble Shooting
12636 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
12638 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
12641 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
12643 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
12649 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12653 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
12664 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
12675 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
12686 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
12688 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
12690 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
12692 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
12694 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
12696 the function super_languages($lang1)
12698 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
12700 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
12702 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
12704 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
12708 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
12710 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
12720 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
12728 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
12730 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
12732 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
12733 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
12734 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
12735 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
12736 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
12737 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
12738 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
12739 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
12740 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
12741 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
12742 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
12743 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
12744 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
12745 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
12746 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
12747 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
12748 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
12749 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
12750 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
12751 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
12752 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
12753 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
12754 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
12755 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
12756 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
12757 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
12758 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
12759 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
12760 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
12761 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
12762 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
12763 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
12764 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
12765 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
12766 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
12767 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
12768 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
12769 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
12770 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
12771 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
12772 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
12773 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
12774 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
12775 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
12776 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
12777 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
12778 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
12779 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
12780 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
12781 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
12782 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
12783 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
12784 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
12785 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
12786 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
12787 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
12788 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
12789 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
12790 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
12791 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
12792 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
12793 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
12794 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
12795 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
12796 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
12797 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
12798 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
12799 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
12800 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
12801 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
12802 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
12803 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
12804 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
12805 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
12806 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
12807 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
12808 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
12809 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
12810 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
12811 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
12812 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
12813 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
12814 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
12815 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
12816 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
12817 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
12818 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
12819 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
12820 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
12821 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
12822 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
12823 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
12824 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
12825 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
12826 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
12827 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
12828 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
12829 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
12830 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
12831 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
12832 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
12833 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
12834 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
12835 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
12836 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
12837 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
12838 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
12839 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
12840 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
12841 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
12842 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
12843 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
12844 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
12845 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
12846 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
12847 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
12848 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
12849 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
12850 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
12854 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12860 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
12878 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
12882 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
12892 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
12900 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
12901 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
12911 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
12921 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
12925 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
12933 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
12943 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
12947 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
12948 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
12949 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
12950 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
12962 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
12972 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
12976 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
12986 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
12996 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
12997 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
13007 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
13015 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
13016 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
13025 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
13035 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
13039 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
13040 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
13041 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
13051 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
13065 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
13066 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
13076 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
13092 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
13105 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
13119 hostpath(), peerpath()
13129 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
13138 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
13139 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
13149 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
13159 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
13163 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
13171 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
13182 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
13186 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
13187 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
13188 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
13189 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
13201 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
13211 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
13215 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
13225 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
13235 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
13236 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
13246 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
13255 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
13256 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
13265 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
13276 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
13280 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
13281 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
13282 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
13292 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
13307 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
13308 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
13318 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
13319 AF_INET domain sockets
13335 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
13348 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
13349 AF_UNIX domain sockets
13363 hostpath(), peerpath()
13373 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
13383 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
13384 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
13395 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
13409 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
13422 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
13432 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
13433 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
13434 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
13445 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
13463 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
13473 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
13474 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
13485 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
13496 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
13497 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
13498 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
13509 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
13517 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
13518 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
13522 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
13528 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
13529 general-utility list subroutines
13537 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
13538 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
13542 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
13548 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
13549 general-utility scalar subroutines
13557 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
13558 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
13568 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
13576 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13580 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
13588 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
13600 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
13606 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13608 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
13609 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
13615 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13617 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
13623 =item CODE ALIASING
13633 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13637 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
13638 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
13639 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
13640 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
13648 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
13649 identification (ISO 4217)
13667 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13669 code2currency(), currency2code()
13675 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13677 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
13685 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13689 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
13697 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
13714 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13716 code2language(), language2code()
13722 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13724 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
13732 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13736 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
13737 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
13745 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
13753 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
13759 =item Construction Methods
13761 =item The "maketext" Method
13763 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
13765 =item Utility Methods
13767 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
13768 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
13769 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
13770 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
13772 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
13776 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
13778 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
13780 =item BRACKET NOTATION
13782 =item AUTO LEXICONS
13784 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
13786 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
13790 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13796 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
13804 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
13808 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
13810 =item The Linguistic View
13812 =item Breaking gettext
13814 =item Replacing gettext
13816 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
13818 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
13820 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
13822 =item Buzzword: Concision
13824 =item The Devil in the Details
13826 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
13834 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
13842 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
13846 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
13854 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
13855 of quoted-printable strings
13863 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
13869 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
13878 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
13884 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
13894 =item Canonical notation
13898 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
13900 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
13904 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
13905 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
13913 =item Autocreating constants
13919 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
13927 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
13935 Canonical notation, Input, Output
13937 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
13947 =item Rounding mode R
13949 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
13950 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
13951 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
13964 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
13972 =item Autocreating constants
13978 =item Alternative math libraries
13984 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
13988 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
13989 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
14000 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
14010 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
14014 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
14016 the same terms as Perl itself.
14024 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
14037 =item STRINGIFICATION
14041 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
14047 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
14049 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
14057 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
14065 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
14071 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
14073 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
14077 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
14079 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
14083 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
14085 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
14087 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
14088 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
14092 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
14098 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
14108 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
14126 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
14128 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
14132 =item OTHER FACILITIES
14138 =item C<flush_cache>
14144 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
14146 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
14154 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14160 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
14169 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
14180 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
14192 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
14200 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
14208 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
14217 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
14226 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
14234 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
14242 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14248 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14252 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14256 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
14266 =item Enforcing redispatch
14268 =item Avoiding repetitions
14274 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
14280 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
14290 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
14293 =item CLASS METHODS
14295 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
14296 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
14297 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
14307 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
14317 requires_firewall HOST
14319 =item NetConfig VALUES
14321 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
14322 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
14323 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
14327 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
14336 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
14344 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
14356 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
14360 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
14361 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
14362 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
14363 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
14364 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
14365 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
14366 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
14367 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
14368 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
14369 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
14370 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
14371 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
14372 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
14376 =item Methods for the adventurous
14382 =item THE dataconn CLASS
14384 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
14385 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
14387 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
14389 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
14391 =item REPORTING BUGS
14399 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
14407 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
14417 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
14421 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
14422 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
14423 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
14424 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
14425 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
14430 =item Extension methods
14432 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
14433 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
14434 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
14435 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
14444 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
14454 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
14466 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
14470 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
14471 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
14472 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
14473 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
14485 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
14497 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);,
14498 $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->open($host);,
14499 $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
14513 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
14525 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
14529 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
14530 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
14531 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
14532 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
14533 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
14534 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
14545 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
14553 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
14554 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
14562 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
14579 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
14587 =item Where to get this document
14589 =item How to contribute to this document
14593 =item Author and Copyright Information
14601 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
14605 =item What is libnet ?
14607 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
14609 =item What other modules do I need ?
14611 =item What machines support libnet ?
14613 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
14617 =item Using Net::FTP
14621 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
14623 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
14625 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
14627 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
14630 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
14632 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
14634 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
14636 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
14638 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
14640 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
14643 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
14645 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
14648 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
14651 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
14655 =item Using Net::SMTP
14659 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
14662 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
14664 =item The verify method always returns true ?
14668 =item Debugging scripts
14672 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
14676 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
14680 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
14697 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
14712 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
14729 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
14737 =item THE .netrc FILE
14739 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
14744 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
14748 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
14758 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
14768 =item IMPLEMENTATION
14774 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
14782 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14788 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14792 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14796 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
14808 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
14810 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
14811 or optag, an operator set (opset)
14813 =item Opcode Functions
14815 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
14816 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
14817 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
14820 =item Manipulating Opsets
14822 =item TO DO (maybe)
14828 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
14830 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
14831 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
14832 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
14841 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
14850 a new namespace, an operator mask
14856 =item RECENT CHANGES
14858 =item Methods in class Safe
14860 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
14861 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
14862 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
14863 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
14865 =item Some Safety Issues
14867 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
14875 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
14888 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
14902 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
14903 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
14904 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
14905 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
14906 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
14907 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
14908 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
14909 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
14910 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
14911 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
14912 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
14913 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
14914 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
14915 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
14916 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
14917 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
14918 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
14919 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
14920 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
14921 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
14922 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
14923 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
14924 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
14925 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
14926 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
14933 =item POSIX::SigAction
14937 =item POSIX::SigSet
14939 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
14941 =item POSIX::Termios
14943 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
14944 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
14945 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
14946 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
14947 values, c_oflag field values
14951 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
14955 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
14959 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
15013 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
15014 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
15018 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
15027 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
15031 =item Defaults and how to override them
15041 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
15051 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
15059 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
15060 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
15061 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
15062 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
15063 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
15064 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
15065 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
15069 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
15075 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
15081 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
15087 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
15099 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
15100 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
15101 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
15102 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
15103 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
15104 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
15105 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
15106 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
15111 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
15112 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
15113 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
15114 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
15115 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
15116 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
15120 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
15121 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
15133 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
15135 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
15138 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
15140 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
15142 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
15144 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
15146 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
15154 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
15166 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
15168 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
15175 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
15181 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
15183 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
15190 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
15202 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
15212 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
15213 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
15228 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
15241 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
15242 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
15248 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
15272 =item B<was_cutting()>
15278 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
15284 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
15290 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
15296 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
15302 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15308 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
15314 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
15320 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
15326 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
15332 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
15338 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
15344 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
15350 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
15356 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
15362 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
15368 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15374 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
15380 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
15386 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
15392 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
15398 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
15404 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
15410 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
15416 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
15422 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
15428 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
15434 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
15440 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15446 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
15458 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
15470 =item OBJECT METHODS
15478 =item Data Accessors
15494 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
15496 B<StartWithNewPage>
15510 =item Subclassed methods
15524 B<interior_sequence>
15540 =item Methods for headings
15548 =item Internal methods
15554 B<_replace_special_chars>
15556 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
15562 B<_clean_latex_commands>
15564 B<_split_delimited>
15580 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
15588 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
15593 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
15594 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
15595 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
15606 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15610 =head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
15620 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15624 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
15638 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
15646 $list-E<gt>indent()
15654 $list-E<gt>parent()
15660 =item Pod::Hyperlink
15662 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
15666 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
15668 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
15672 $link-E<gt>warning()
15674 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
15680 $link-E<gt>alttext()
15690 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
15696 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
15700 =item Pod::Cache::Item
15702 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
15706 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
15708 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
15710 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
15712 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
15714 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
15716 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
15718 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
15728 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
15740 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15742 =item PARSING OPTIONS
15744 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
15745 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
15751 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
15759 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15765 =item B<verbatim()>
15767 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15773 =item B<textblock()>
15775 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15781 =item B<interior_sequence()>
15787 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
15799 =item B<initialize()>
15805 =item B<begin_pod()>
15811 =item B<begin_input()>
15817 =item B<end_input()>
15829 =item B<preprocess_line()>
15835 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
15841 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
15847 =item B<parse_text()>
15849 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
15850 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
15851 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
15857 =item B<interpolate()>
15863 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
15869 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
15875 =item B<parse_from_file()>
15881 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
15887 =item B<errorsub()>
15899 =item B<parseopts()>
15905 =item B<output_file()>
15911 =item B<output_handle()>
15917 =item B<input_file()>
15923 =item B<input_handle()>
15929 =item B<input_streams()>
15935 =item B<top_stream()>
15941 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
15947 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
15953 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
15959 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
15967 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
15987 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
16000 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
16002 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
16008 =item OBJECT METHODS
16014 =item B<curr_headings()>
16026 =item B<add_selection()>
16032 =item B<clear_selections()>
16038 =item B<match_section()>
16044 =item B<is_selected()>
16050 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
16056 =item B<podselect()>
16058 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
16064 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
16070 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
16076 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
16082 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
16094 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
16102 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
16106 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
16107 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
16108 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
16119 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16123 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
16137 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16141 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
16156 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16160 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
16161 text with format escapes
16175 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16179 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
16188 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
16197 =item Recommended Use
16205 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
16209 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
16216 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
16220 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
16224 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
16228 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
16234 =item OVER AND ITEMS
16236 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
16239 =item FORMATTING CODES
16241 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
16249 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
16257 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16263 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16267 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16271 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
16279 a new namespace, an operator mask
16285 =item RECENT CHANGES
16287 =item Methods in class Safe
16289 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16290 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16291 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16292 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16294 =item Some Safety Issues
16296 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16304 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
16312 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
16313 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
16323 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
16333 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
16343 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
16353 =item The __DATA__ token
16355 =item SelfLoader autoloading
16357 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
16359 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
16361 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
16363 =item Classes and inherited methods.
16367 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
16371 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
16381 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
16389 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
16390 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
16398 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
16399 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
16400 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
16401 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
16402 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
16406 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
16416 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
16420 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
16422 =item ERROR REPORTING
16430 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
16435 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
16436 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
16444 =item Storable magic
16462 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
16476 =item Allowing fall-through
16478 =item Automating fall-through
16480 =item Alternative syntax
16482 =item Higher-order Operations
16498 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
16508 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
16520 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
16521 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
16529 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
16530 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
16541 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
16542 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
16550 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
16551 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
16562 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
16572 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
16573 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
16574 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
16578 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
16592 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
16608 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
16610 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
16612 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
16614 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
16622 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16630 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
16638 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
16648 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
16649 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
16657 =item Minimal set of supported functions
16659 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
16660 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
16662 =item Additional supported functions
16664 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
16674 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
16700 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
16704 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
16714 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
16734 =item Setting up tests
16750 =item Running tests
16756 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
16758 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
16782 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
16794 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
16798 =item Test Status and Info
16806 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
16828 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
16838 =item The test script output
16840 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
16841 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
16846 =item Configuration variables.
16848 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
16852 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
16879 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
16880 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
16881 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
16882 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
16886 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
16887 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
16902 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
16928 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
16938 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
16976 B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
16992 B<_reset_file_state>
17012 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
17022 =item I love it when a plan comes together
17032 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
17072 =item Conditional tests
17078 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
17082 =item Comparison functions
17096 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
17106 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
17108 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
17121 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
17145 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
17154 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
17162 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
17164 =item Where to start?
17168 =item Test the manual
17170 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
17172 =item Testing lots of values
17174 =item Informative names
17176 =item Skipping tests
17180 =item Testing with taint mode.
17192 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
17204 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
17214 =item General behaviour in list contexts
17218 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
17220 =item A note about prefixes
17222 =item C<extract_delimited>
17224 =item C<extract_bracketed>
17226 =item C<extract_tagged>
17228 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
17229 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
17231 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
17233 =item C<extract_quotelike>
17235 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
17237 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
17239 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
17241 =item C<extract_codeblock>
17243 =item C<extract_multiple>
17245 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
17251 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
17252 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
17253 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
17254 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
17255 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
17256 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
17257 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
17258 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
17259 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
17260 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
17261 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
17262 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
17267 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
17273 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
17288 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
17305 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
17320 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
17336 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl
17348 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
17349 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
17350 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
17354 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
17362 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
17370 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
17372 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
17378 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
17386 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
17388 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
17392 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
17404 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
17414 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
17422 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
17423 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
17424 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
17425 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
17433 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
17442 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
17443 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
17444 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
17445 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
17447 =item MORE INFORMATION
17449 =item COMPATIBILITY
17453 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
17461 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
17462 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
17466 =item MORE INFORMATION
17470 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
17488 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
17497 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
17499 =item MORE INFORMATION
17503 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
17515 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
17524 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
17525 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
17526 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
17527 getitimer ( $which )
17543 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
17551 =item IMPLEMENTATION
17557 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
17572 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
17587 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
17599 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
17607 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
17608 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
17612 =head2 Unicode::Collate - use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
17622 =item Constructor and Tailoring
17624 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
17625 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
17626 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
17628 =item Other methods
17630 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
17631 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
17632 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
17633 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
17634 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
17635 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
17636 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
17637 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
17649 Unicode Collation Algorithm - Unicode TR #10, L<Unicode::Normalize>
17653 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - normalized forms of Unicode text
17663 =item Normalization Forms
17665 C<$string_NFD = NFD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFC = NFC($raw_string)>,
17666 C<$string_NFKD = NFKD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFKC = NFKC($raw_string)>,
17667 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $raw_string)>
17669 =item Character Data
17671 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
17672 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>, C<$uv_composite =
17673 getComposite($uv_here, $uv_next)>, C<$combining_class =
17674 getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion = isExclusion($codepoint)>
17684 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/
17688 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
17730 =item Blocks versus Scripts
17732 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
17734 =item Code Point Arguments
17760 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
17766 =item Implementation Note
17778 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
17793 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
17804 =item System Specifics
17818 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
17826 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
17828 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
17829 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
17830 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
17831 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
17832 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
17833 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
17834 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
17835 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
17836 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
17837 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
17838 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
17839 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
17840 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
17841 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
17842 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
17843 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
17849 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
17867 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
17879 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
17881 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
17882 don't all have manual pages yet:
17908 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles