4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Language-Specific
34 =item Platform-Specific
58 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
68 =item Running Perl programs
70 =item Basic syntax overview
72 =item Perl variable types
74 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
76 =item Variable scoping
78 =item Conditional and looping constructs
80 if, while, for, foreach
82 =item Builtin operators and functions
84 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
89 =item Regular expressions
91 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
92 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
94 =item Writing subroutines
98 =item Using Perl modules
106 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11
115 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
117 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
121 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
123 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
125 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
127 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
129 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
131 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
133 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
137 =item About the perlfaq documents
141 =item Where to get the perlfaq
143 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
145 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
152 =item Author and Copyright Information
156 =item Bundled Distributions
164 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
165 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
166 Initial Release: 11/March/97
170 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
178 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
188 =item Simple statements
190 =item Compound statements
198 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
202 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
204 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
210 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
224 =item Scalar value constructors
226 =item List value constructors
230 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
238 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
248 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
250 =item The Arrow Operator
252 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
256 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
258 =item Binding Operators
260 =item Multiplicative Operators
262 =item Additive Operators
264 =item Shift Operators
266 =item Named Unary Operators
268 =item Relational Operators
270 =item Equality Operators
274 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
276 =item C-style Logical And
278 =item C-style Logical Or
280 =item Range Operators
282 =item Conditional Operator
284 =item Assignment Operators
288 =item List Operators (Rightward)
294 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
296 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
298 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
300 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
302 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
304 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
305 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
306 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
307 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
309 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
311 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
312 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
313 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
314 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
319 =item Constant Folding
321 =item Bitwise String Operators
323 =item Integer Arithmetic
325 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
333 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
343 =item Private Variables via my()
345 =item Persistent Private Variables
347 =item Temporary Values via local()
349 =item Lvalue subroutines
351 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
353 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
355 =item When to Still Use local()
357 =item Pass by Reference
361 =item Constant Functions
363 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
367 =item Subroutine Attributes
375 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
383 =item Perl Functions by Category
385 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
386 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
387 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
388 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
389 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
390 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
391 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
392 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
393 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
394 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
399 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
401 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
402 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
403 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
404 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
405 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
406 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
407 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
408 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
409 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
410 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
411 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
412 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
413 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
414 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
415 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
416 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
417 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
418 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
419 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
420 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
421 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
422 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
423 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
424 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
425 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
426 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
427 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
428 lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
429 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
430 KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
431 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
432 Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
433 EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
434 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
435 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
436 ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
437 package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
438 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
439 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
440 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
441 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
442 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
443 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
444 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
445 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
446 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
447 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
448 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
449 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
450 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
451 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
452 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
453 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
454 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
455 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
456 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
457 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
458 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
459 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
460 study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub
461 NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr
462 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall
463 LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen
464 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
465 sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE,
466 system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
467 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell
468 FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
469 VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
470 EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
471 EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE,
472 unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module
473 LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec
474 EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write
475 FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
481 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
487 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
495 =item Making References
497 =item Using References
515 =item Distribution Conditions
521 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
527 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
528 more elaborate constructs
532 =item COMMON MISTAKES
534 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
536 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
542 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
546 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
548 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
550 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
554 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
558 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
560 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
562 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
566 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
570 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
572 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
574 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
578 =item HASHES OF HASHES
582 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
584 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
586 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
590 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
594 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
596 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
598 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
610 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
620 =item Simple word matching
622 =item Using character classes
624 =item Matching this or that
626 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
628 =item Extracting matches
630 =item Matching repetitions
634 =item Search and replace
636 =item The split operator
644 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
648 =item Acknowledgments
654 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
662 =item Ordinary Paragraph
664 =item Verbatim Paragraph
666 =item Command Paragraph
668 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
669 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
670 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
671 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
673 =item Formatting Codes
675 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
676 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
677 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
678 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
679 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
680 (zero-effect) formatting code
684 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
686 =item Hints for Writing Pod
696 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
703 =item Pod Definitions
707 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
708 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
710 =item Pod Formatting Codes
712 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
713 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
714 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
715 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
716 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
717 contains non-breaking spaces
719 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
721 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
723 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
725 =item About =over...=back Regions
727 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
735 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
743 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
761 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
763 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
764 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
765 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
766 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
768 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
770 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
771 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
772 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
776 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
778 =item Numerical Traps
780 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
782 =item General data type traps
784 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
785 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
787 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
789 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
791 =item Precedence Traps
793 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
796 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
798 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
799 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
802 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
804 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
810 =item Interpolation Traps
812 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
813 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
819 =item Unclassified Traps
821 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
828 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
838 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
840 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
842 =item Location of Perl
844 =item Command Switches
846 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
847 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
848 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
849 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
850 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
851 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
852 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
858 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
859 :perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
860 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
861 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port),
862 SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
866 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
874 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
882 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
884 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
886 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
890 =item Backward Compatibility
892 =item Category Hierarchy
896 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
908 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
916 =item Looking at data and -w and v
920 =item Stepping through code
922 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
924 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
942 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
948 =item The Perl Debugger
952 =item Debugger Commands
954 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
955 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
956 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
957 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
958 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
959 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
960 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
961 command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
962 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source file, H -number, q
963 or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage]
965 =item Configurable Options
967 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
968 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
969 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
970 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
971 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
972 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
975 =item Debugger input/output
977 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
980 =item Debugging compile-time statements
982 =item Debugger Customization
984 =item Readline Support
986 =item Editor Support for Debugging
988 =item The Perl Profiler
992 =item Debugging regular expressions
994 =item Debugging memory usage
1002 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1010 =item Predefined Names
1012 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1013 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1014 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1015 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1016 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1017 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1018 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1019 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1020 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1021 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1022 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1023 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1024 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1025 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1026 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1027 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1028 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1029 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1030 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1031 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1032 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1033 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1034 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1035 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1036 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1037 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1038 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1039 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1040 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1041 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1043 =item Error Indicators
1045 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1053 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1061 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1063 =item Growing Your Own
1065 =item Access and Printing
1077 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1083 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1091 =item The Minus File
1093 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1099 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1103 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1107 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1111 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1113 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1115 =item Paths as Opens
1117 =item Single Argument Open
1119 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1123 =item Other I/O Issues
1127 =item Opening Non-File Files
1139 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1145 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1151 =item The Basic Principle
1155 =item Packing Numbers
1161 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1163 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1165 =item Floating point Numbers
1169 =item Exotic Templates
1181 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1185 =item Lengths and Widths
1189 =item String Lengths
1191 =item Dynamic Templates
1195 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1199 =item The Alignment Pit
1201 =item Alignment, Take 2
1203 =item Alignment, Take 3
1205 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1211 =item Funnies Section
1217 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1223 =item Part 1: The basics
1227 =item Simple word matching
1229 =item Using character classes
1231 =item Matching this or that
1233 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1235 =item Extracting matches
1237 =item Matching repetitions
1239 =item Building a regexp
1241 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1245 =item Part 2: Power tools
1249 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1251 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1253 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1255 =item Non-capturing groupings
1257 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1259 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1261 =item Conditional expressions
1263 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1265 =item Pragmas and debugging
1273 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1277 =item Acknowledgments
1283 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1293 =item Regular Expressions
1295 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1297 =item Extended Patterns
1299 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1300 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1301 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1302 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1306 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1308 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1310 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1312 =item Combining pieces together
1314 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1315 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1316 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1317 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1319 =item Creating custom RE engines
1329 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1339 =item Making References
1341 =item Using References
1343 =item Symbolic references
1345 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1347 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1349 =item Function Templates
1359 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1367 =item Format Variables
1377 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1385 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1393 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1395 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1397 =item Invoking a barnyard
1399 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1401 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1403 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1405 =item A few notes about @ISA
1407 =item Overriding the methods
1409 =item Starting the search from a different place
1411 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1413 =item Where we're at so far...
1415 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1417 =item Invoking an instance method
1419 =item Accessing the instance data
1421 =item How to build a horse
1423 =item Inheriting the constructor
1425 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1427 =item Adding parameters to a method
1429 =item More interesting instances
1431 =item A horse of a different color
1443 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1449 =item Creating a Class
1453 =item Object Representation
1455 =item Class Interface
1457 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1459 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1463 =item Other Object Methods
1471 =item Accessing Class Data
1473 =item Debugging Methods
1475 =item Class Destructors
1477 =item Documenting the Interface
1487 =item Overridden Methods
1489 =item Multiple Inheritance
1491 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1495 =item Alternate Object Representations
1499 =item Arrays as Objects
1501 =item Closures as Objects
1505 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1509 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1511 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1515 =item Metaclassical Tools
1521 =item Data Members as Variables
1529 =item Object Terminology
1535 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1541 =item Acknowledgments
1547 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1553 =item Class Data in a Can
1555 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1559 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1561 =item Inheritance Concerns
1563 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1565 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1567 =item Monadic Classes
1569 =item Translucent Attributes
1573 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1577 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1579 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1581 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1583 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1585 =item Translucency Revisited
1593 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1595 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1601 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1609 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1611 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1613 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1615 =item Method Invocation
1617 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1619 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1621 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1627 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1635 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1641 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1643 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1645 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1647 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1649 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1651 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1653 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1655 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1657 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1659 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1665 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1677 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1682 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1683 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1684 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1685 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1690 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1691 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1692 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1694 =item Tying FileHandles
1696 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1697 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1702 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1714 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1715 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1725 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
1733 =item Deferred Signals
1735 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals
1736 triggered by operating system state
1740 =item Using open() for IPC
1746 =item Background Processes
1748 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1750 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1752 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1754 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1758 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1762 =item Internet Line Terminators
1764 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1766 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1770 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1774 =item A Simple Client
1776 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1778 =item A Webget Client
1780 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1784 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1786 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1788 =item UDP: Message Passing
1802 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1812 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1814 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1815 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1816 files, directories and network sockets
1818 =item Resource limits
1820 =item Killing the parent process
1822 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1824 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1826 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1827 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1828 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1840 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1848 =item Storing numbers
1850 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1852 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1854 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1855 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1856 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1865 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1873 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1875 =item Threaded Program Models
1887 =item Native threads
1889 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
1891 =item Threadsafe Modules
1897 =item Basic Thread Support
1899 =item A Note about the Examples
1901 =item Creating Threads
1903 =item Giving up control
1905 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1907 =item Ignoring A Thread
1911 =item Threads And Data
1915 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1917 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
1921 =item Synchronization and control
1925 =item Controlling access: lock()
1927 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1929 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1931 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1933 =item Basic semaphores
1935 =item Advanced Semaphores
1937 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
1941 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1945 =item What Thread Am I In?
1949 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1951 =item What Threads Are Running?
1955 =item A Complete Example
1957 =item Performance considerations
1959 =item Threadsafety of System Libraries
1967 =item Introductory Texts
1969 =item OS-Related References
1971 =item Other References
1975 =item Acknowledgements
1983 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1989 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1991 =item Threaded Program Models
2003 =item Native threads
2005 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2007 =item Threadsafe Modules
2013 =item Basic Thread Support
2015 =item Creating Threads
2017 =item Giving up control
2019 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2021 =item Errors In Threads
2023 =item Ignoring A Thread
2027 =item Threads And Data
2031 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2033 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2035 =item Controlling access: lock()
2037 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2039 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2043 =item Threads And Code
2047 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2049 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
2051 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
2053 =item Subroutine Locks
2057 =item Locking A Subroutine
2061 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2065 =item What Thread Am I In?
2069 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2071 =item What Threads Are Running?
2075 =item A Complete Example
2083 =item Introductory Texts
2085 =item OS-Related References
2087 =item Other References
2091 =item Acknowledgements
2099 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2105 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2114 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2116 =item Files and Filesystems
2118 =item System Interaction
2120 =item Command names versus file pathnames
2122 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2124 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2126 =item Standard Modules
2130 =item Character sets and character encoding
2132 =item Internationalisation
2134 =item System Resources
2144 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2145 http://testers.cpan.org/
2153 =item DOS and Derivatives
2161 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2169 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2173 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2175 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2176 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2177 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2178 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2179 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2180 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2181 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2182 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2183 getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
2184 setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
2185 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob
2186 EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
2187 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
2188 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
2189 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
2190 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
2191 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2192 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2193 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2194 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2195 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2196 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2197 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2198 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2199 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2205 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2206 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2207 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2208 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2209 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2210 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2212 =item Supported Platforms
2216 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2220 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2227 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2233 =item The use locale pragma
2235 =item The setlocale function
2237 =item Finding locales
2239 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2241 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2243 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2245 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2247 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2249 =item The localeconv function
2251 =item I18N::Langinfo
2255 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2259 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2261 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2263 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2265 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2269 =item Other categories
2277 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2278 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2284 =item Backward compatibility
2286 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2288 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2290 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2292 =item Freely available locale definitions
2296 =item An imperfect standard
2300 =item Unicode and UTF-8
2306 =item Broken systems
2316 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2326 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2328 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2330 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
2332 =item Creating Unicode
2334 =item Handling Unicode
2336 =item Legacy Encodings
2340 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2344 =item Advanced Topics
2348 =item Questions With Answers
2350 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2352 =item Further Resources
2356 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2360 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
2362 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2366 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2374 =item Important Caveats
2376 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
2377 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2379 =item Byte and Character Semantics
2381 =item Effects of Character Semantics
2387 =item User-Defined Character Properties
2389 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
2391 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
2393 =item Unicode Encodings
2395 =item Security Implications of Unicode
2397 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2401 =item Using Unicode in XS
2409 =item Interaction with Locales
2411 =item Interaction with Extensions
2421 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2427 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2435 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2439 =item 13 variant characters
2447 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
2449 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
2451 =item Unicode and UTF
2457 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2459 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2461 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2475 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2477 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2479 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2481 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2489 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2491 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2493 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2495 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2499 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2503 =item URL decoding and encoding
2505 =item uu encoding and decoding
2507 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2509 =item Caesarian ciphers
2513 =item Hashing order and checksums
2517 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2529 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2549 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2557 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2559 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2561 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2565 =item Protecting Your Programs
2575 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2587 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2593 =item Making your module threadsafe
2601 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2611 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2612 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2626 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2632 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2636 =item Pragmatic Modules
2638 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes,
2639 charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer,
2640 less, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs,
2641 threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
2643 =item Standard Modules
2645 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2646 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2647 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2648 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2649 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2650 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2651 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest,
2652 DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
2653 Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM,
2654 ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
2655 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any,
2656 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
2657 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN,
2658 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2659 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2660 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2661 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
2662 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
2663 File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2664 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2665 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2666 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
2667 I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2,
2668 IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
2669 Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13,
2670 Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2671 Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
2672 Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
2673 Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2674 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2675 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2676 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2677 PerlIO, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions,
2678 Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink,
2679 Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text,
2680 Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage,
2681 SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket,
2682 Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
2683 Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
2684 Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple,
2685 Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2686 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
2687 Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2688 Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
2689 Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate,
2690 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2692 =item Extension Modules
2704 =item Central America
2716 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2720 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2722 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2724 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2732 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2738 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2742 =item Before you start
2750 =item Release considerations
2754 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2758 =item Has it been done before?
2760 =item Do one thing and do it well
2762 =item What's in a name?
2766 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2770 =item To OO or not to OO?
2772 =item Designing your API
2774 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2775 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2778 =item Strictness and warnings
2780 =item Backwards compatibility
2782 =item Error handling and messages
2786 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2792 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2796 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2800 =item Version numbering
2802 =item Pre-requisites
2812 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2816 =item Reinventing the wheel
2818 =item Trying to do too much
2820 =item Inappropriate documentation
2826 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2827 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2833 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2843 =item What should I make into a module?
2845 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2847 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2849 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2851 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2852 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2853 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2855 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2857 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2858 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2868 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
2869 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $)
2879 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2881 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2883 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2885 =item What is perl6?
2887 =item How stable is Perl?
2889 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2891 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2894 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2896 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2898 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2900 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2902 =item What is a JAPH?
2904 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2906 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2907 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
2911 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2915 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $,
2916 $Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $)
2924 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2926 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2928 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2930 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2933 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2934 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2936 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2937 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2939 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2941 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2943 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2945 =item Where should I post source code?
2949 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2951 =item Perl in Magazines
2953 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2955 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2957 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2959 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2961 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2963 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
2967 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2971 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2002/05/06
2980 =item How do I do (anything)?
2982 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2984 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2986 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2988 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2990 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2992 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2994 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2996 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2998 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
2999 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
3000 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
3002 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
3004 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
3006 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
3008 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
3010 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
3012 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
3014 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
3016 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
3017 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
3019 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
3021 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
3023 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
3025 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
3027 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
3029 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
3031 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
3033 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
3035 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
3037 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
3039 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
3041 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
3043 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
3044 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
3046 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
3048 =item What's MakeMaker?
3052 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3056 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
3067 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
3068 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
3070 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
3072 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
3075 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
3077 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
3078 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
3079 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
3080 from decimal to binary
3082 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
3084 =item How do I multiply matrices?
3086 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
3088 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
3090 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
3092 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
3100 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
3102 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
3104 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
3106 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
3108 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
3110 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
3112 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
3120 =item How do I validate input?
3122 =item How do I unescape a string?
3124 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
3126 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
3128 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
3130 =item How do I reverse a string?
3132 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
3134 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
3136 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
3138 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
3140 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
3143 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
3145 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
3146 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
3148 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3150 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3152 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3154 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3156 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3158 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3160 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3162 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3163 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3172 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3174 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3176 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3180 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3183 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3184 intersection of two arrays?
3186 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3188 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3190 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3192 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3194 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3196 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3198 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3200 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3202 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3204 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3206 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3210 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3214 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3216 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3219 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3221 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3223 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3225 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3227 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3229 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3231 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3233 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3235 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3237 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3239 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3242 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3243 array of hashes or arrays?
3245 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3253 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3255 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3257 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3259 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3261 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3263 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3265 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3269 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3273 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
3282 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3284 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3285 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3287 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3289 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3291 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3293 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3294 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3296 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3298 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3300 =item How can I write() into a string?
3302 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3304 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3306 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3308 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3310 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3312 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3314 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3316 =item How can I lock a file?
3318 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3320 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3321 the file. How can I do this?
3323 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3324 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3326 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3328 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3330 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3332 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3334 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3336 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3338 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3340 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3342 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3344 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3346 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3348 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
3349 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3351 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3353 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3354 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3356 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3358 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3362 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3366 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: 2002/06/01
3375 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3376 and unmaintainable code?
3378 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3380 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3382 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3385 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3387 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3390 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3392 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3394 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3396 =item What is C</o> really for?
3398 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3401 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3403 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3405 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3407 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3409 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3411 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3413 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3415 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3417 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3419 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3421 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3423 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3425 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3429 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3433 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
3434 2002/03/26 15:48:32 $)
3442 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3444 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3447 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3450 =item How do I skip some return values?
3452 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3454 =item What's an extension?
3456 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3458 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3460 =item How do I create a module?
3462 =item How do I create a class?
3464 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3466 =item What's a closure?
3468 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3470 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3473 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3476 =item How do I create a static variable?
3478 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3479 Between local() and my()?
3481 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3484 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3486 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3488 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3490 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3492 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3494 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3496 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3498 =item How can I find out my current package?
3500 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3502 =item How do I clear a package?
3504 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3508 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3512 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/05/16
3521 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3523 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3525 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3527 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3529 =item How do I print something out in color?
3531 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3533 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3535 =item How do I clear the screen?
3537 =item How do I get the screen size?
3539 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3541 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3543 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3545 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3547 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3549 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3551 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3553 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3555 =item How do I set the time and date?
3557 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3559 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3561 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3563 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3564 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3566 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3568 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3570 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3572 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3574 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3576 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3578 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3580 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3582 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3584 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3587 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3589 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3591 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3593 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3596 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3597 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3598 changes to be visible?
3602 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3605 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3607 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3609 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3611 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3613 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3615 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3617 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3619 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3621 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3623 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3625 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3627 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3630 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3632 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3636 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3640 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13
3649 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3651 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3654 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3656 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3658 =item How do I extract URLs?
3660 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3661 file on another machine?
3663 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3665 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3667 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3669 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3671 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3673 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3675 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3677 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3678 CGI script to do bad things?
3680 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3682 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3684 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3686 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3688 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3690 =item How do I send mail?
3692 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3694 =item How do I read mail?
3696 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3698 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3700 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3702 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3706 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3710 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3720 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3724 =item Using The Back Ends
3728 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3732 =item The Decompiling Back End
3734 =item The Lint Back End
3736 =item The Simple C Back End
3738 =item The Bytecode Back End
3740 =item The Optimized C Back End
3744 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3746 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3747 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3748 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3750 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3756 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3766 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3767 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3771 =item Compiling your C program
3773 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3775 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3777 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3779 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3781 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3783 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3785 =item Execution of END blocks
3787 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3789 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3794 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3804 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3810 =item Debugger Internals
3814 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3818 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3820 =item Debugging regular expressions
3824 =item Compile-time output
3826 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3827 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3828 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3831 =item Types of nodes
3833 =item Run-time output
3837 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3841 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3843 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3844 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3847 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3849 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3851 =item B<-DL> details
3855 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3863 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3875 =item Version caveat
3877 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3889 =item What has gone on?
3891 =item Writing good test scripts
3895 =item What's new here?
3897 =item Input and Output Parameters
3899 =item The XSUBPP Program
3901 =item The TYPEMAP file
3903 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3907 =item What has happened here?
3909 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3911 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3913 =item More about XSUB arguments
3915 =item The Argument Stack
3917 =item Extending your Extension
3919 =item Documenting your Extension
3921 =item Installing your Extension
3925 =item New Things in this Example
3929 =item New Things in this Example
3931 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3933 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3935 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
3937 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3953 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3965 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3967 =item The Argument Stack
3969 =item The RETVAL Variable
3971 =item The MODULE Keyword
3973 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3975 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3977 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3979 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3981 =item The CODE: Keyword
3983 =item The INIT: Keyword
3985 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3987 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3989 =item Default Parameter Values
3991 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3993 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3995 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3997 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3999 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4001 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4003 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4005 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4007 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4009 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4011 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4013 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4015 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4017 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4019 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4021 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4023 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4025 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4027 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4029 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4031 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4033 =item The CASE: Keyword
4035 =item The & Unary Operator
4037 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4039 =item Using XS With C++
4041 =item Interface Strategy
4043 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4047 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4049 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4061 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4071 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4073 =item File Operations
4075 =item File Input and Output
4077 =item File Positioning
4079 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4081 =item Character Class Tests
4083 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4085 =item Miscellaneous functions
4093 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4105 =item What is an "IV"?
4107 =item Working with SVs
4111 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4113 =item Working with AVs
4115 =item Working with HVs
4117 =item Hash API Extensions
4121 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4123 =item Creating New Variables
4125 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4127 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4129 =item Stashes and Globs
4131 =item Double-Typed SVs
4133 =item Magic Variables
4135 =item Assigning Magic
4137 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4141 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4143 =item Localizing changes
4145 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4146 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4147 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4148 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4149 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4150 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4151 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4152 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4153 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4154 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4162 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4164 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4166 =item Memory Allocation
4170 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4174 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4184 =item Examining the tree
4186 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4188 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4190 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4192 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4194 =item Pluggable runops
4198 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4200 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4204 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4206 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4208 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4210 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4212 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4216 =item Internal Functions
4218 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4222 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4224 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4226 =item Source Documentation
4230 =item Unicode Support
4234 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4236 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4238 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4240 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4242 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4244 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4248 =item Custom Operators
4256 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4262 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4264 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4266 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4286 =item Determining the Context
4290 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4296 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4298 =item Passing Parameters
4300 =item Returning a Scalar
4302 =item Returning a list of values
4304 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4306 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4310 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4314 =item Using call_argv
4316 =item Using call_method
4320 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4322 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4324 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4325 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4328 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4330 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4342 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4352 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4353 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4354 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4355 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4359 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4361 =item Administration
4363 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4367 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4368 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4376 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4386 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4388 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4390 B<Decryption Filters>
4392 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4394 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4396 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4408 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4416 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4417 B<filter_fetch_value>
4423 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4425 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4435 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4441 =item "Gimme" Values
4443 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4445 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4447 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4448 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4449 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4451 =item Callback Functions
4453 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4454 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4456 =item Character classes
4458 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4460 =item Cloning an interpreter
4464 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4466 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4468 =item Embedding Functions
4470 load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
4471 perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4473 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4475 pack_cat, unpack_str
4477 =item Global Variables
4479 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4483 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4484 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4488 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4490 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4492 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4493 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4494 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4495 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
4496 hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4498 =item Magical Functions
4500 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4501 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4502 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4504 =item Memory Management
4506 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4507 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4509 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4511 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
4512 strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
4514 =item Numeric functions
4516 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4519 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4521 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4523 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4525 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4526 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4527 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4528 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4529 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4533 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4535 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4537 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4538 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4539 new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4540 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx,
4541 SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
4542 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4543 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4544 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4545 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX,
4546 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4547 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4548 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK,
4549 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
4550 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4551 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4552 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4553 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4554 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm,
4555 sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4556 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4557 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4558 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing,
4559 sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte,
4560 sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags,
4561 sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4562 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4563 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg,
4564 sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
4565 sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
4566 sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags,
4567 sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode,
4568 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags,
4569 sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4571 =item Unicode Support
4573 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4574 pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case,
4575 to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr,
4576 utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes,
4577 utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
4579 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4581 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4582 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4584 =item Warning and Dieing
4594 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4601 =item Global Variables
4603 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4614 =item Pad Data Structures
4618 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4622 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4624 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4632 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4642 =item History and Background
4644 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4646 =item Data Structures
4648 =item Functions and Attributes
4650 =item Per-instance Data
4652 =item Layers in action.
4654 =item Per-instance flag bits
4656 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4657 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4658 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4659 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4661 =item Methods in Detail
4663 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4664 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4665 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4666 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4671 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4673 =item Extension Layers
4675 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
4683 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4691 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4692 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4693 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4694 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4695 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4696 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4697 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4698 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4699 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4700 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4701 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4705 =item Co-existence with stdio
4707 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4708 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4710 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4712 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4713 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4714 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4715 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4717 =item Other Functions
4719 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4720 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4726 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4732 =item To do during 5.6.x
4736 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4738 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4740 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4742 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4744 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4748 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4750 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
4752 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4754 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4756 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4758 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4760 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4762 =item Complete signal handling
4764 =item Out-of-source builds
4766 =item POSIX realtime support
4768 =item UNIX98 support
4772 =item Long double conversion
4776 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4778 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4780 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4782 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4784 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
4786 =item Custom opcodes
4788 =item DLL Versioning
4790 =item Introduce @( and @)
4792 =item Floating point handling
4794 =item IV/UV preservation
4796 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4798 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4800 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4802 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4804 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4806 =item Document Win32 choices
4808 =item Check new modules
4810 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4814 =item To do at some point
4818 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4820 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4822 =item bitfields in pack
4824 =item Cross compilation
4826 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4828 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4830 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4832 =item -i rename file when changed
4834 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4836 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4838 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4840 =item my sub foo { }
4842 =item One-pass global destruction
4844 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4846 =item Cache recently used regexps
4848 =item Cross-compilation support
4850 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4852 =item debugger pragma
4854 =item use less pragma
4856 =item switch structures
4858 =item Cache eval tree
4862 =item Shrink opcode tables
4864 =item Optimize away @_
4866 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4870 =item Prototype method calls
4872 =item Return context prototype declarations
4876 =item Garbage collection
4880 =item Rewrite perldoc
4882 =item Install .3p manpages
4884 =item Unicode tutorial
4886 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4888 =item Retargetable installation
4890 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4892 =item Rename Win32 headers
4894 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4896 =item Update sprintf documentation
4898 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4900 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4902 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
4904 =item Should overload be inheritable?
4914 =item ref() in list context
4916 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4918 =item Compile to real threaded code
4920 =item Structured types
4922 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4924 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4928 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4932 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4934 =item Constant function cache
4936 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4944 =item Update guts documentation
4946 =item Add more tests
4948 =item Update auxiliary tools
4950 =item Create debugging macros
4952 =item truncate to the people
4954 =item Unicode in Filenames
4958 =item Recently done things
4962 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4964 =item Safe signal handling
4970 =item setitimer and getimiter
4972 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4974 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4976 =item Explicit switch statements
4984 =item perlcc to produce executable
4986 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4988 =item Secure temporary file module
4990 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4992 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4994 =item Mmap for input
4996 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4998 =item Add sockatmark support
5000 =item Mailing list archives
5004 =item Integrate MacPerl
5006 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5008 =item Regular expression tutorial
5010 =item Debugging Tutorial
5012 =item Integrate new modules
5014 =item Integrate profiler
5016 =item Y2K error detection
5018 =item Regular expression debugger
5022 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5024 =item Cache precompiled modules
5028 =item Deprecated Wishes
5032 =item Loop control on do{}
5034 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5040 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5042 =item Named prototypes
5044 =item Built-in globbing
5046 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5048 =item Cached hash values
5050 =item Add compression modules
5052 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5054 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5056 =item Make XS easier to use
5058 =item Make embedding easier to use
5062 =item my $Package::variable
5064 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5066 =item "class"-based lexicals
5070 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5072 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5074 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5076 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5082 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
5088 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
5089 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
5090 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
5091 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
5092 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
5093 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
5094 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
5098 =item Keeping in sync
5100 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
5101 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
5103 =item Why rsync the source tree
5105 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
5107 =item Why rsync the patches
5109 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
5110 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
5112 =item Perlbug remote interface
5114 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
5115 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
5117 =item Submitting patches
5119 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
5120 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
5122 =item Finding Your Way Around
5124 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
5126 =item Elements of the interpreter
5128 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
5130 =item Internal Variable Types
5136 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5138 =item Millions of Macros
5140 =item Poking at Perl
5142 =item Using a source-level debugger
5144 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5145 finish, 'enter', print
5147 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5151 =item Patching a core module
5153 =item Adding a new function to the core
5155 =item Writing a test
5157 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5158 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5160 =item Special Make Test Targets
5162 coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third
5163 ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8
5167 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5171 =item Rational Software's Purify
5173 =item Purify on Unix
5175 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5179 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5181 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5183 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5187 =item Gprof Profiling
5189 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5191 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5193 =item Pixie Profiling
5195 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5198 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5202 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5210 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5218 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5230 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5232 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5236 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5240 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5246 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5248 =item Incompatible Changes
5252 =item Binary Incompatibility
5254 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5256 =item AIX Dynaloading
5258 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time.
5260 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5262 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5264 =item New Unicode Properties
5266 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5268 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5274 =item Core Enhancements
5278 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5280 =item Restricted Hashes
5284 =item Unicode Overhaul
5286 =item Understanding of Numbers
5288 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
5290 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5294 =item Modules and Pragmata
5298 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5300 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5304 =item Utility Changes
5306 =item New Documentation
5308 =item Performance Enhancements
5310 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5314 =item Generic Improvements
5316 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5320 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5324 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5328 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5330 =item Changed Internals
5332 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
5336 =item Known Problems
5342 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
5348 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
5350 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
5352 =item ext/threads/t/libc
5354 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
5356 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
5358 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t
5360 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
5362 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5364 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5366 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5368 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
5370 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5372 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
5376 =item OS/2 Test Failures
5378 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5382 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
5384 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
5386 =item PDL failing some tests
5388 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
5390 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5392 =item Timing problems
5394 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
5406 =item XML::Parser not working
5410 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5412 =item Self-tying Problems
5414 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
5416 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5418 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5420 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
5422 =item The Long Double Support Is Still Experimental
5424 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5428 =item Reporting Bugs
5436 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5442 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5444 =item Incompatible Changes
5448 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5450 =item AIX Dynaloading
5452 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5454 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5460 =item Core Enhancements
5462 =item Modules and Pragmata
5466 =item New Modules and Distributions
5468 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5472 =item Utility Changes
5474 =item New Documentation
5476 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5480 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5482 =item Generic Improvements
5486 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5490 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5494 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5496 =item Source Code Enhancements
5500 =item MAGIC constants
5502 =item Better commented code
5504 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5512 =item Known Problems
5518 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5520 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5522 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5524 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5526 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5528 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5532 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5534 =item Failure of Thread tests
5544 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5546 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5548 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5550 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5552 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5554 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5558 =item Reporting Bugs
5566 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5572 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5574 =item Incompatible Changes
5576 =item Core Enhancements
5580 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5582 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5584 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5588 =item Modules and Pragmata
5594 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5598 =item Performance Enhancements
5600 =item Utility Changes
5602 =item New Documentation
5618 =item README.solaris
5622 =item Porting/repository.pod
5626 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5630 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5632 =item Generic Improvements
5634 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5635 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5636 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5640 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5644 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5648 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5650 =item Changed Internals
5654 =item Known Problems
5658 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5660 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5662 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5664 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5668 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5670 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5672 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5674 =item Failure of Thread tests
5676 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5678 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5680 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5682 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5686 =item Reporting Bugs
5694 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5700 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5702 =item Incompatible Changes
5704 =item Core Enhancements
5706 =item Modules and Pragmata
5712 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5716 =item Utility Changes
5718 =item New Documentation
5720 =item Performance Enhancements
5722 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5726 =item Generic Improvements
5730 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5734 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5738 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5740 =item Changed Internals
5742 =item Known Problems
5746 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5748 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5750 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5752 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5754 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5756 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5758 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5760 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5762 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5764 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5768 =item Reporting Bugs
5776 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5782 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5786 =item Security Issues
5788 =item Core bug fixes
5790 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5791 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5792 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5793 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5794 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5795 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5800 =item Configuration issues
5804 =item Bundled modules
5806 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5807 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5808 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5809 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5811 =item Platform-specific improvements
5813 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5817 =item Core Enhancements
5821 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5823 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5825 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5827 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5829 =item "our" declarations
5831 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5833 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5835 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5837 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5839 =item open() with more than two arguments
5841 =item 64-bit support
5843 =item Large file support
5849 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5851 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5853 =item File globbing implemented internally
5855 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5857 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5859 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5861 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5863 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5865 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5867 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5869 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5871 =item Comments in pack() templates
5873 =item Weak references
5875 =item Binary numbers supported
5877 =item Lvalue subroutines
5879 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5881 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5883 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5885 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5887 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5889 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5891 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5893 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5895 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5897 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5899 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5901 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5903 =item Improved diagnostics
5905 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5907 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5909 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5911 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5913 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5915 =item Improved security features
5917 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5919 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5921 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5923 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5925 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5927 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5929 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5933 =item Modules and Pragmata
5939 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5940 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5941 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5942 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5943 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5944 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5945 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5946 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5952 =item Utility Changes
5966 =item The Perl Debugger
5970 =item Improved Documentation
5972 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5973 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5974 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5975 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5977 =item Performance enhancements
5981 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5983 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5985 =item Faster subroutine calls
5987 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5991 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5995 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5997 =item New Configure flags
5999 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6005 =item -Duselargefiles
6007 =item installusrbinperl
6013 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6015 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6019 =item Platform specific changes
6023 =item Supported platforms
6027 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6035 =item Significant bug fixes
6039 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6041 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6043 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6045 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6047 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6049 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6051 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6053 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6055 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6057 =item Locale bugs fixed
6061 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6063 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6065 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6067 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6071 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6073 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6074 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6075 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6076 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6077 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6078 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6079 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6080 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6081 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6082 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6083 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6084 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6085 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6086 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6087 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6088 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6089 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6090 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6091 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6092 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6093 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6094 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6095 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6096 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6097 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6098 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6099 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6100 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6101 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6102 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6103 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6104 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6105 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6106 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6107 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6108 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6109 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6110 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6111 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6112 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6113 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6114 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6115 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6116 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6117 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6118 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6119 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6120 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6121 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6122 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6126 =item Incompatible Changes
6130 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6132 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6133 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6134 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6135 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6136 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6137 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6138 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6139 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6140 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6141 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6142 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6144 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6146 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6148 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6150 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6152 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6156 =item Known Problems
6160 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6162 =item Known test failures
6164 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6166 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6168 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6170 =item Experimental features
6172 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6173 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6174 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6178 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6180 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6181 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6182 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6183 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6185 =item Reporting Bugs
6193 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6199 =item Core Enhancements
6203 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6205 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6207 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6209 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6211 =item "our" declarations
6213 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6215 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6217 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6219 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6221 =item open() with more than two arguments
6223 =item 64-bit support
6225 =item Large file support
6231 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6233 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6235 =item File globbing implemented internally
6237 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6239 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6241 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6243 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6245 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6247 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6249 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6251 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6253 =item Comments in pack() templates
6255 =item Weak references
6257 =item Binary numbers supported
6259 =item Lvalue subroutines
6261 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6263 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6265 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6267 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6269 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6271 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6273 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6275 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6277 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6279 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6281 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6283 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6285 =item Improved diagnostics
6287 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6289 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6291 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6293 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6295 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6297 =item Improved security features
6299 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6301 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6303 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6305 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6307 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6309 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6311 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6315 =item Modules and Pragmata
6321 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6322 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6323 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6324 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6325 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6326 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6327 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6328 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6334 =item Utility Changes
6348 =item The Perl Debugger
6352 =item Improved Documentation
6354 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6355 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6356 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6357 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6359 =item Performance enhancements
6363 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6365 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6367 =item Faster subroutine calls
6369 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6373 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6377 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6379 =item New Configure flags
6381 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6387 =item -Duselargefiles
6389 =item installusrbinperl
6395 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6399 =item Platform specific changes
6403 =item Supported platforms
6407 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6415 =item Significant bug fixes
6419 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6421 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6423 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6425 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6427 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6429 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6431 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6433 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6435 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6437 =item Locale bugs fixed
6441 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6443 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6445 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6447 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6451 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6453 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6454 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6455 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6456 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6457 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6458 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6459 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6460 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6461 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6462 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6463 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6464 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6465 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6466 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6467 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6468 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6469 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6470 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6471 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6472 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6473 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6474 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6475 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6476 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6477 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6478 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6479 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6480 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6481 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6482 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6483 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6484 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6485 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6486 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6487 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6488 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6489 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6490 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6491 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6492 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6493 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6494 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6495 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6496 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6497 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6498 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6499 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6500 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6501 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6502 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6506 =item Incompatible Changes
6510 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6512 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6513 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6514 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6515 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6516 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6517 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6518 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6519 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6520 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6521 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6522 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6524 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6526 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6528 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6530 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6532 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6536 =item Known Problems
6540 =item Thread test failures
6542 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6544 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6546 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6548 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6551 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6553 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6555 =item Experimental features
6557 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6558 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6559 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6563 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6565 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6566 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6567 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6568 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6570 =item Reporting Bugs
6578 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6584 =item About the new versioning system
6586 =item Incompatible Changes
6590 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6592 =item Default installation structure has changed
6594 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6596 =item C Source Compatibility
6598 =item Binary Compatibility
6600 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6602 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6616 =item Regular Expressions
6618 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6619 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6620 improvements, Incompatible changes
6622 =item Improved malloc()
6624 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6626 =item Reliable signals
6628 =item Reliable stack pointers
6630 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6634 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6636 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6638 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6640 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6642 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6644 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6646 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6648 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6650 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6652 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6654 =item Better locale support
6656 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6658 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6660 =item Extended support for exception handling
6662 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6664 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6666 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6668 =item New C<lock> keyword
6670 =item New C<qr//> operator
6672 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6674 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6676 =item Tied handles support is better
6678 =item 4th argument to substr
6680 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6682 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6684 =item <> now reads in records
6688 =item Supported Platforms
6694 =item Changes in existing support
6698 =item Modules and Pragmata
6704 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6705 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6706 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6708 =item Changes in existing modules
6710 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6711 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6715 =item Utility Changes
6717 =item Documentation Changes
6719 =item New Diagnostics
6721 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6722 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6723 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6724 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6725 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6726 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6727 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6728 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6729 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6730 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6731 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6732 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6733 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6734 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6735 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6736 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6737 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6739 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6741 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6742 temporary file, regexp too big
6744 =item Configuration Changes
6754 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
6760 =item Supported Environments
6766 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6768 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6770 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6772 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6774 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6776 =item More precise warnings
6778 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6780 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6782 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6784 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6786 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6788 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6790 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6792 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6794 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6796 =item Changes to tainting checks
6798 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6799 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6801 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6803 =item Embedding improvements
6805 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6807 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6809 =item New and changed syntax
6813 =item New and changed builtin constants
6817 =item New and changed builtin variables
6821 =item New and changed builtin functions
6823 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6824 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6825 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6826 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6827 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6829 =item New builtin methods
6831 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6833 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6835 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6836 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6838 =item Malloc enhancements
6840 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6842 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6846 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6862 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6863 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6869 =item Required Updates
6871 =item Installation directories
6873 =item Module information summary
6887 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6891 =item Utility Changes
6897 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6901 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6905 =item C Language API Changes
6907 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6910 =item Documentation Changes
6912 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6913 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6915 =item New Diagnostics
6917 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6918 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6919 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6920 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6921 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6922 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6923 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6924 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6925 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6926 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6927 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6928 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6929 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6930 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6931 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6932 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6933 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6934 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6935 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6936 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6937 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6938 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6939 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6940 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6941 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6951 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6959 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6963 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6965 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
6967 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
6969 =item Using Large Files with Perl
6975 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
6985 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
6995 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7011 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7013 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7015 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7017 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7023 =item Accessing documentation
7027 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7029 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7031 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7033 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7037 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7041 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7043 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7045 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7047 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7049 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7053 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
7061 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7069 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7071 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7075 =item Contact Information
7077 =item Update 2002-05-30
7083 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7093 =item gzip on BS2000
7095 =item bison on BS2000
7097 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7099 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7101 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7103 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7105 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7107 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7109 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7143 =item Acknowledgements
7149 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7155 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7159 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7161 =item Cygwin Configuration
7163 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7167 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7171 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7173 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7175 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7176 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
7178 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7180 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7181 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7184 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7186 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7190 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7194 =item Warnings on Cygwin
7200 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7204 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7206 =item NDBM_File does not work on FAT filesystems
7208 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7210 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
7214 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7216 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7218 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7219 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7221 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7229 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7241 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7245 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7247 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7249 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7251 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7261 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7271 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7275 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7277 =item Building Perl on DOS
7279 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7281 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7285 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7289 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7291 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7293 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7295 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7305 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7313 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7315 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7319 =item Editors on Epoc
7321 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7323 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7325 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7329 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7337 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
7345 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
7347 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
7349 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
7357 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7366 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7368 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7380 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7382 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7384 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7386 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7388 =item The GNU C Compiler
7390 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7392 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7394 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7396 =item Oracle on HP-UX
7398 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7400 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7402 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7404 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7408 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7416 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7424 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7432 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
7440 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
7442 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
7444 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
7446 =item Linker Problems in Irix
7448 =item Malloc in Irix
7450 =item Building with threads in Irix
7458 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7467 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7469 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7471 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7473 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7483 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7497 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7503 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7509 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7517 =item Binary distribution from HP
7519 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7521 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7523 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7525 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7527 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7529 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7530 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7532 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7536 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7538 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7540 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7542 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7544 =item Perl/iX Change History
7560 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
7572 =item Build new extensions
7574 =item Acknowledgements
7582 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7602 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7604 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7606 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7610 =item Frequently asked questions
7614 =item "It does not work"
7616 =item I cannot run external programs
7618 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7621 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7624 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7626 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7634 =item Automatic binary installation
7636 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7638 =item Manual binary installation
7640 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7641 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7642 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7643 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7644 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7650 =item Accessing documentation
7654 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7662 =item GNU C<info> files
7674 =item The short story
7678 =item Getting perl source
7680 =item Application of the patches
7688 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7691 =item Installing the built perl
7693 =item C<a.out>-style build
7701 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7703 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7705 =item Problems with tr or sed
7707 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7709 =item Library ... not found
7711 =item Segfault in make
7713 =item op/sprintf test failure
7717 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7721 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7725 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7727 =item Additional modules:
7729 =item Prebuilt methods:
7731 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7732 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7733 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7734 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7735 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7736 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7737 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7738 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7739 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7740 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7741 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
7742 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
7744 =item Prebuilt variables:
7746 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
7753 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7756 =item Identifying DLLs
7758 =item Centralized management of resources
7760 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
7761 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
7762 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
7763 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
7777 =item F<perl___.exe>
7779 =item Why strange names?
7781 =item Why dynamic linking?
7783 =item Why chimera build?
7791 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7793 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7795 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7797 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7799 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7801 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7809 =item Text-mode filehandles
7813 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7815 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7817 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7820 =item DLL forwarder generation
7824 =item Calls to external programs
7826 =item Memory allocation
7830 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7846 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7859 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7861 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7863 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7865 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7867 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7869 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7871 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7873 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7875 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7877 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7887 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7895 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7903 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7905 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7907 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7909 =item QNX auxiliary files
7913 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7921 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7931 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7933 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7935 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7937 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7941 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7945 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7957 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
7965 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
7971 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
7977 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
7979 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
7981 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
7985 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
7989 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7991 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
7993 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7997 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
7999 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
8000 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
8001 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
8007 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
8009 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8013 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
8015 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
8019 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
8023 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
8025 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
8029 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
8031 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
8033 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
8043 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
8044 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
8052 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
8054 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
8056 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
8058 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
8060 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
8062 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
8066 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
8068 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
8070 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
8076 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
8084 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
8086 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
8092 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
8102 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
8104 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8106 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
8108 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
8110 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
8120 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
8126 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
8134 =item Organization of Perl Images
8140 =item Perl Extensions
8142 =item Installing static extensions
8144 =item Installing dynamic extensions
8148 =item File specifications
8154 =item Wildcard expansion
8160 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8166 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8168 =item Command line switches
8174 =item Perl functions
8176 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
8177 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
8178 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
8179 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
8181 =item Perl variables
8183 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
8185 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
8199 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
8207 =item Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
8209 =item Stratus POSIX Support
8213 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
8217 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
8219 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
8223 =item USING PERL IN VOS
8227 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
8229 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
8231 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
8237 =item SUPPORT STATUS
8245 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
8255 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
8257 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
8258 SDK 64-bit Compiler, Mingw32 with GCC
8262 =item Testing Perl on Win32
8264 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
8266 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
8268 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
8269 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
8270 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
8272 =item Running Perl Scripts
8274 Miscellaneous Things
8278 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
8282 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
8283 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
8284 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8292 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8294 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8306 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8316 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8317 data structures between threads
8329 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
8330 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8342 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8351 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8352 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
8353 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
8357 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8361 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are
8362 not threadsafe, will not be
8364 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8370 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8380 =item Built-in Attributes
8382 locked, method, lvalue
8384 =item Available Subroutines
8388 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8390 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8392 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8400 =item Default exports
8402 =item Available exports
8404 =item Export tags defined
8414 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8426 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8442 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8456 =head2 bigint - Transparent big integer support for Perl
8468 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8472 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8492 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
8504 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8508 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8528 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
8550 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
8551 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
8552 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
8553 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
8554 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
8564 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8578 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8591 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8600 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8602 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8604 =item charnames::vianame(name)
8608 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
8614 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8626 =item List constants
8628 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8630 =item Magic constants
8634 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8644 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8655 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8657 =item The I<splain> Program
8671 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
8681 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
8682 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
8690 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
8694 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
8696 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
8698 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
8700 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8706 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8720 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8730 =item subpragma access
8736 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
8750 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8761 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8771 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8781 =item Adding directories to @INC
8783 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8785 =item Restoring original @INC
8799 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8810 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
8818 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8820 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8826 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8838 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8848 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8850 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8852 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8854 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8856 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8858 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8860 =item Overloadable Operations
8862 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8863 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8864 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8866 =item Inheritance and overloading
8868 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8869 is inherited by derived classes
8873 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8881 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8883 =item Copy Constructor
8889 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8891 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8892 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8893 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8896 =item Losing overloading
8898 =item Run-time Overloading
8900 =item Public functions
8902 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8904 =item Overloading constants
8906 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8908 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8910 =item Metaphor clash
8916 =item Two-face scalars
8918 =item Two-face references
8920 =item Symbolic calculator
8922 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8930 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8931 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8937 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8947 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8959 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8961 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8965 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8969 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
8977 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
8989 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
8997 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
9001 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
9011 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9020 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9021 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
9022 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
9026 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9030 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are
9031 not threadsafe, will not be
9033 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9039 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
9040 structures between threads
9052 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
9053 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9065 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
9076 =item Utility functions
9078 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]),
9079 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
9090 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
9100 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
9108 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
9112 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
9120 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
9121 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
9122 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
9123 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
9124 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
9128 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
9138 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
9140 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
9150 =item DBM Comparisons
9160 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
9170 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
9174 =item Typed lexicals
9176 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
9178 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
9180 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
9182 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
9190 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
9191 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
9192 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
9193 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
9194 be able to apply END handler>
9204 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
9214 =item Subroutine Stubs
9216 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9218 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9220 =item Package Lexicals
9222 =item Not Using AutoLoader
9224 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
9234 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
9242 $keep, $check, $modtime
9246 =item Multiple packages
9254 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
9262 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
9266 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
9274 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
9288 =item B::PVMG METHODS
9292 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
9294 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
9296 =item B::PVLV METHODS
9298 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
9302 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
9306 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
9307 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
9311 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
9312 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
9316 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
9320 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
9325 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
9327 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
9331 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
9333 =item B::UNOP METHOD
9337 =item B::BINOP METHOD
9341 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
9345 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
9349 =item B::PMOP METHODS
9351 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
9352 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
9354 =item B::SVOP METHOD
9358 =item B::PADOP METHOD
9362 =item B::PVOP METHOD
9366 =item B::LOOP METHODS
9368 redoop, nextop, lastop
9370 =item B::COP METHODS
9372 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
9376 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
9378 main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
9379 regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP,
9380 METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE,
9381 PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c,
9382 cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
9388 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
9397 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
9403 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9415 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9435 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9445 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9446 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9447 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9457 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9467 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9468 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9469 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9480 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9490 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9491 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9492 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
9504 =item Context of ".."
9508 =item Deprecated features
9516 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
9528 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
9529 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
9530 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
9532 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
9534 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
9535 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
9536 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
9537 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
9538 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
9539 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
9540 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
9541 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
9547 =item OP flags abbreviations
9549 =item OP class abbreviations
9553 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
9559 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
9571 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
9581 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
9582 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
9584 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
9594 =item ambient_pragmas
9596 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
9608 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
9620 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
9628 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
9630 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
9631 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
9633 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9643 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9653 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9661 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9673 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9685 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9687 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9699 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9709 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
9717 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9737 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9751 =item Standard Exports
9753 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9754 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9755 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9757 =item Optional Exports
9759 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9760 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9761 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9777 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9781 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9795 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9805 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9806 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9807 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9817 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9829 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9831 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9833 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9835 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9837 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9839 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9841 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9843 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9845 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9847 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9849 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9851 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9853 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9855 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9857 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9859 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9861 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9863 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9864 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9868 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9869 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9872 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9874 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9875 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9880 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9884 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9886 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9888 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9890 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9892 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9894 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9896 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9898 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9899 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9901 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9905 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9909 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9911 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9913 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9915 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9917 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9919 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9920 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9922 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9926 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9930 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9932 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9934 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9936 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9940 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9942 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9944 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9948 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9950 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
9954 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
9958 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
9962 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
9966 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
9970 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
9972 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
9974 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
9978 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
9982 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
9988 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
9989 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
9991 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
9993 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
9994 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
9997 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
10003 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
10007 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
10009 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
10010 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
10011 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
10012 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
10013 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
10015 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
10017 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
10022 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
10024 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
10026 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
10027 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
10029 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
10031 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10035 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
10036 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
10037 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
10038 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
10039 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
10040 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
10041 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
10042 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
10043 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
10044 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
10045 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
10046 ...and many many more..
10048 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
10056 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
10066 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10074 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
10083 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
10085 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
10089 =item Changing the default message
10093 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
10103 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
10111 =item USING CGI::Cookie
10113 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
10117 =item Creating New Cookies
10119 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
10121 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
10123 =item Manipulating Cookies
10125 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
10129 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10137 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
10145 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
10147 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
10149 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
10151 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
10153 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
10155 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
10159 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10167 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
10177 =item Tags that won't be formatted
10179 =item Customizing the Indenting
10191 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
10199 =item USING CGI::Push
10201 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
10205 =item Heterogeneous Pages
10207 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
10211 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
10213 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10221 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
10231 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10239 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
10247 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10253 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
10263 =item Interactive Mode
10265 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
10266 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
10267 distribution, ls author, Signals
10275 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
10277 =item Programmer's interface
10279 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
10281 =item Methods in the other Classes
10283 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
10284 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
10285 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
10286 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
10287 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
10288 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
10289 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
10290 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
10291 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
10292 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
10293 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
10294 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
10295 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
10296 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
10297 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
10298 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
10299 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
10300 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
10301 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
10302 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
10303 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
10304 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
10305 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
10306 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
10307 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
10308 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
10310 =item Cache Manager
10314 =item Prerequisites
10316 =item Finding packages and VERSION
10320 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
10324 =item CONFIGURATION
10326 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
10327 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
10328 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
10329 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
10333 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
10335 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
10343 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
10345 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
10349 =item Three basic types of firewalls
10351 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
10353 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
10359 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
10371 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
10381 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
10394 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
10404 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10412 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10414 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10424 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10425 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10426 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10428 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10436 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10446 =item The C<struct()> function
10448 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10450 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10452 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10453 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10455 =item Initializing with C<new>
10461 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10463 =item Author and Modification History
10467 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10475 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
10487 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
10491 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
10492 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
10493 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
10494 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
10498 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
10502 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
10503 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
10504 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
10505 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
10506 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
10507 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
10508 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
10512 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
10513 C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>,
10514 C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
10515 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
10516 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
10517 C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>,
10518 C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>,
10519 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
10520 C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
10521 C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>,
10522 C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>,
10523 C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>,
10524 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>,
10525 C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
10526 C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
10527 C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>,
10528 C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
10529 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
10530 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
10531 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>,
10532 C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
10533 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>,
10534 C<d_gethostent_r>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>,
10535 C<d_getlogin_r>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
10536 C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>,
10537 C<d_getnetent_r>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
10538 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
10539 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>,
10540 C<d_getprotobynumber_r>, C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>,
10541 C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>,
10542 C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
10543 C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>, C<d_getservent_r>,
10544 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>, C<d_gettimeod>,
10545 C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
10546 C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>,
10547 C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>,
10548 C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
10549 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
10550 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
10551 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
10552 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
10553 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
10554 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
10555 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
10556 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
10557 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
10558 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
10559 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
10560 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
10561 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
10562 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>,
10563 C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
10564 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
10565 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
10566 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
10567 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
10568 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
10569 C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>,
10570 C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>,
10571 C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>,
10572 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>,
10573 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>,
10574 C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>,
10575 C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>,
10576 C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
10577 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>,
10578 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
10579 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
10580 C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>,
10581 C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
10582 C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
10583 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
10584 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
10585 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
10586 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
10587 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
10588 C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
10589 C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
10590 C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
10591 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
10592 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
10593 C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
10594 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
10595 C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
10596 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
10597 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
10598 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
10599 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
10600 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
10601 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
10605 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
10606 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
10607 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
10608 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
10612 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
10613 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
10618 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>, C<getgrgid_r_proto>,
10619 C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>, C<gethostbyname_r_proto>,
10620 C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>, C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>,
10621 C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>, C<getprotobyname_r_proto>,
10622 C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>, C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>,
10623 C<getpwnam_r_proto>, C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>,
10624 C<getservbyport_r_proto>, C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>,
10625 C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>,
10626 C<gmtime_r_proto>, C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>,
10631 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
10635 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
10636 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
10637 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
10638 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
10639 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
10640 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
10641 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
10642 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
10643 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
10644 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
10645 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
10646 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
10647 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
10648 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
10649 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
10650 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
10651 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
10652 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
10653 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
10654 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
10655 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
10656 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
10657 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
10658 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
10662 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
10666 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
10667 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
10668 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
10669 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
10670 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
10671 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
10676 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10677 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10678 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10682 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10683 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10687 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10688 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10689 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
10690 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
10691 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10695 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10696 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10700 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10701 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10705 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10706 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10707 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10708 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10712 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10716 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
10717 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
10718 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10722 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10723 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
10724 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
10725 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
10726 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
10727 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
10728 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
10729 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10730 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10731 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10732 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10733 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10734 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>,
10735 C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
10736 C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
10737 C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
10738 C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10742 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10743 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
10748 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10749 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10750 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10751 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10752 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10753 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10754 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10755 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10756 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10760 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10761 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10762 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10763 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10767 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10771 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10783 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10793 =item getcwd and friends
10795 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10797 =item abs_path and friends
10799 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10811 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10823 =item Global Variables
10825 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10826 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10831 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10832 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10834 =item Client Callback Methods
10836 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10837 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10838 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10848 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10856 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10860 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10862 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10864 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10866 =item Default Parameters
10868 =item In Memory Databases
10876 =item A Simple Example
10884 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10886 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10888 =item The get_dup() Method
10890 =item The find_dup() Method
10892 =item The del_dup() Method
10894 =item Matching Partial Keys
10902 =item The 'bval' Option
10904 =item A Simple Example
10906 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10908 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10909 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10910 length, elements);>
10912 =item Another Example
10916 =item THE API INTERFACE
10918 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10919 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10920 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10921 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10925 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10926 B<filter_fetch_value>
10932 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10934 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10938 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10942 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10944 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10946 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
10948 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
10950 =item The untie() Gotcha
10954 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
10958 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
10960 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
10962 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
10964 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
10984 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
10985 printing and C<eval>
10997 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
10998 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
10999 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
11006 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
11008 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11009 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11010 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11011 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11012 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11013 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11014 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11015 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11016 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11017 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11018 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11019 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11020 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11021 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11022 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
11042 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
11050 =item PROFILE FORMAT
11062 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
11084 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
11094 =item Runtime debugging
11096 =item Memory footprint debugging
11104 =item A simple scalar string
11106 =item A simple scalar number
11108 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
11110 =item A reference to a simple scalar
11112 =item A reference to an array
11114 =item A reference to a hash
11116 =item Dumping a large array or hash
11118 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
11120 =item A reference to a subroutine
11134 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
11144 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
11152 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
11156 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
11157 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
11158 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
11166 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
11176 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
11180 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
11181 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
11193 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
11205 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
11217 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
11218 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
11219 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
11224 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
11225 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
11231 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
11239 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
11240 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
11241 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
11242 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
11249 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
11262 =head2 Encode - character encodings
11270 =item Table of Contents
11282 =item PERL ENCODING API
11284 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
11285 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
11286 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
11291 =item Listing available encodings
11293 =item Defining Aliases
11297 =item Encoding via PerlIO
11299 =item Handling Malformed Data
11301 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
11302 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
11303 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
11304 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
11309 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
11313 =item Defining Encodings
11315 =item The UTF-8 flag
11317 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
11321 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
11323 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
11333 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
11341 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11346 =item Alias overloading
11354 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
11368 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11370 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
11386 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
11388 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
11390 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
11404 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
11414 =item Methods you should implement
11416 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11418 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11420 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11422 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11426 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11430 =item Compiled Encodings
11436 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11440 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
11450 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11451 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11452 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11462 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
11472 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
11480 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11482 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
11484 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
11498 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
11500 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
11516 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
11522 =item How does it work?
11530 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11538 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
11546 =item Encoding Names
11550 =item Supported Encodings
11554 =item Built-in Encodings
11556 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11558 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11560 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11561 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11563 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11565 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11566 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11567 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11569 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11571 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11575 =item Unsupported encodings
11577 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11578 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11579 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11580 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11582 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11584 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11588 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11590 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11596 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11597 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11604 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11605 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11609 =item Other Notable Sites
11611 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11612 "Introduction to i18n"
11614 =item Offline sources
11616 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11622 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
11636 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
11652 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
11660 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
11662 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
11668 =item by endianness
11670 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
11674 =item Surrogate Pairs
11680 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
11689 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11694 =item Alias overloading
11702 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
11703 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11705 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
11708 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
11711 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
11712 Implementation Base Class
11722 =item Methods you should implement
11724 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11726 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11728 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11730 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11734 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11738 =item Compiled Encodings
11744 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11748 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
11759 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11760 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11761 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11771 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
11772 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11774 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
11777 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
11780 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
11781 and 'Q' header encoding
11797 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
11798 on Encode and PerlIO
11804 =item How does it work?
11812 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11820 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
11821 supported by Encode
11829 =item Encoding Names
11833 =item Supported Encodings
11837 =item Built-in Encodings
11839 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11841 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11843 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11844 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11846 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11848 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11849 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11850 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11852 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11854 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11858 =item Unsupported encodings
11860 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11861 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11862 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11863 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11865 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11867 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11871 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11873 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11879 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11880 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11887 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11888 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11892 =item Other Notable Sites
11894 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11895 "Introduction to i18n"
11897 =item Offline sources
11899 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11905 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11911 use Encode::Encoder;
11912 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11913 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11915 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11916 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11917 # you can stack them!
11918 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11919 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11920 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
11922 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
11924 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
11932 =item Predefined Methods
11934 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
11935 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
11936 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
11938 =item Example: base64 transcoder
11940 =item Operator Overloading
11948 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
11949 non-ascii or non-utf8
11959 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
11960 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
11968 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
11972 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
11974 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
11976 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
11978 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
11984 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11990 use Encode::Encoder;
11991 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11992 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11994 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11995 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11996 # you can stack them!
11997 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11998 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11999 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
12001 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
12003 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
12011 =item Predefined Methods
12013 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12014 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12015 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12017 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12019 =item Operator Overloading
12027 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
12040 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
12055 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
12071 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
12081 =item How to Export
12083 =item Selecting What To Export
12085 =item How to Import
12087 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
12091 =item Advanced features
12095 =item Specialised Import Lists
12097 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
12099 =item Module Version Checking
12101 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
12103 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
12105 =item Generating combined tags
12107 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
12113 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
12123 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
12144 mv source... destination
12146 cp source... destination
12164 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
12176 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
12186 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
12194 perl_stringify NAME
12198 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
12200 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
12204 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
12212 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
12215 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12217 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
12219 WriteMakefileSnippet
12221 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
12222 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12230 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
12242 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
12243 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
12253 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
12263 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
12275 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
12276 packlist(), version()
12284 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
12292 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
12293 dynamic extensions at load time
12299 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
12309 =item VMS implementation
12311 =item Win32 implementation
12319 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
12329 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
12337 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
12341 =item File::Spec wrappers B<DEPRECATED>
12355 file_name_is_absolute
12365 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
12379 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12380 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12392 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12393 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12401 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
12405 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12415 =item Overridden methods
12417 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12431 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12432 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12474 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12475 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12491 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12492 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12506 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12516 =item Overridden methods
12518 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12532 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12546 =item SelfLoaded methods
12598 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
12646 maybe_command_in_dirs
12670 post_initialize (o)
12684 replace_manpage_separator
12698 test_via_harness (override)
12700 test_via_script (override)
12730 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12731 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12741 =item Methods always loaded
12753 guess_name (override)
12757 find_perl (override)
12759 maybe_command (override)
12761 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
12763 perl_script (override)
12765 replace_manpage_separator
12767 init_main (override)
12769 init_others (override)
12771 constants (override)
12775 const_cccmd (override)
12777 pm_to_blib (override)
12779 tool_autosplit (override)
12781 tool_sxubpp (override)
12783 xsubpp_version (override)
12785 tools_other (override)
12795 top_targets (override)
12799 dynamic_lib (override)
12801 dynamic_bs (override)
12803 static_lib (override)
12805 manifypods (override)
12807 processPL (override)
12809 installbin (override)
12811 subdir_x (override)
12815 realclean (override)
12817 dist_core (override)
12819 dist_test (override)
12823 perldepend (override)
12825 makefile (override)
12827 find_tests (override)
12831 makeaperl (override)
12833 nicetext (override)
12835 prefixify (override)
12837 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12838 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12860 tool_autosplit (override)
12876 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
12886 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
12896 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
12906 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
12908 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
12916 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
12920 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
12922 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
12924 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
12926 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
12928 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
12929 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
12930 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST,
12931 FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
12932 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT,
12933 INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR,
12934 INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB,
12935 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
12936 INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB,
12937 LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS,
12938 MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT,
12939 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
12940 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
12941 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
12942 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
12943 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION,
12944 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
12946 =item Additional lowercase attributes
12948 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
12951 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
12953 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
12955 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
12957 =item Hintsfile support
12959 =item Distribution Support
12961 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
12962 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
12963 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
12965 =item Disabling an extension
12971 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
12979 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
12987 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
12991 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
12995 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
12996 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
13000 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
13008 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
13020 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
13030 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
13039 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
13047 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
13059 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
13067 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
13077 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
13089 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
13099 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
13103 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
13111 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
13115 C<basename>, C<dirname>
13119 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
13133 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
13147 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
13157 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
13159 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
13171 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
13181 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
13193 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
13201 B<find>, B<finddepth>
13207 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
13208 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
13209 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
13211 =item The wanted function
13213 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
13214 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
13215 pathname to the file
13223 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
13231 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
13239 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
13240 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
13241 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
13245 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
13253 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
13265 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
13275 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
13276 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
13277 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
13285 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
13295 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
13313 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
13331 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
13359 file_name_is_absolute
13389 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
13399 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
13432 file_name_is_absolute
13454 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
13470 =item Methods always loaded
13472 canonpath (override)
13490 case_tolerant (override)
13494 file_name_is_absolute (override)
13496 splitpath (override)
13498 splitdir (override)
13512 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
13538 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
13548 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
13572 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
13586 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
13596 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
13604 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
13612 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
13614 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
13626 =item Temporary files and NFS
13638 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
13652 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
13660 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
13668 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
13676 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
13682 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
13696 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
13698 =item All-in-one interface
13700 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
13702 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
13705 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
13707 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
13708 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
13709 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
13711 described in the previous section.
13713 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
13715 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
13727 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
13737 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
13741 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
13743 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
13751 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
13753 =item Example 2: Using the context
13755 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
13757 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
13761 =item Filter::Simple
13769 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
13777 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
13789 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
13805 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
13813 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
13815 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
13819 =item Simple options
13821 =item A little bit less simple options
13823 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
13825 =item Options with values
13827 =item Options with multiple values
13829 =item Options with hash values
13831 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
13833 =item Options with multiple names
13835 =item Case and abbreviations
13837 =item Summary of Option Specifications
13839 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
13844 =item Advanced Possibilities
13848 =item Object oriented interface
13850 =item Thread Safety
13852 =item Documentation and help texts
13854 =item Storing options in a hash
13858 =item The lonesome dash
13860 =item Argument callback
13864 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
13866 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
13867 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
13868 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
13869 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
13870 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
13872 =item Return values and Errors
13878 =item Default destinations
13880 =item Alternative option starters
13882 =item Configuration variables
13886 =item Trouble Shooting
13890 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
13892 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
13895 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
13897 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
13903 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13907 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
13918 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
13928 =item Restricted hashes
13930 lock_keys, unlock_keys
13936 lock_value, unlock_value
13938 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
13948 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
13959 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
13970 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
13972 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
13974 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
13976 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
13978 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
13980 the function super_languages($lang1)
13982 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
13984 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
13986 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
13988 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
13992 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
13994 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
14004 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
14012 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
14014 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
14016 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
14017 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
14018 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
14019 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
14020 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
14021 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
14022 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
14023 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
14024 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
14025 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
14026 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
14027 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
14028 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
14029 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
14030 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
14031 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
14032 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
14033 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
14034 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
14035 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
14036 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
14037 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
14038 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
14039 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
14040 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
14041 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
14042 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
14043 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
14044 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
14045 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
14046 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
14047 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
14048 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
14049 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
14050 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
14051 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
14052 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
14053 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
14054 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
14055 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
14056 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
14057 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
14058 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
14059 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
14060 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
14061 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
14062 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
14063 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
14064 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
14065 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
14066 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
14067 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
14068 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
14069 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
14070 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
14071 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
14072 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
14073 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
14074 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
14075 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
14076 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
14077 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
14078 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
14079 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
14080 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
14081 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
14082 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
14083 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
14084 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
14085 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
14086 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
14087 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
14088 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
14089 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
14090 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
14091 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
14092 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
14093 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
14094 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
14095 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
14096 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
14097 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
14098 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
14099 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
14100 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
14101 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
14102 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
14103 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
14104 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
14105 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
14106 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
14107 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
14108 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
14109 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
14110 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
14111 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
14112 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
14113 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
14114 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
14115 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
14116 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
14117 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
14118 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
14119 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
14120 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
14121 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
14122 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
14123 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
14124 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
14125 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
14126 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
14127 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
14128 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
14129 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
14130 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
14131 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
14132 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
14133 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
14134 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
14138 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14144 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
14162 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14166 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
14176 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
14184 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14185 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14195 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14205 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14209 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14217 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
14227 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14231 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14232 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14233 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14234 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14246 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14256 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14260 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14270 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14280 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14281 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14291 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
14299 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14300 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14309 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
14319 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14323 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14324 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14325 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14335 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
14349 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14350 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14360 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
14376 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14389 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
14403 hostpath(), peerpath()
14413 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
14422 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14423 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14433 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14443 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14447 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14455 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
14466 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14470 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14471 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14472 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14473 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14485 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14495 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14499 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14509 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14519 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14520 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14530 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
14539 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14540 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14549 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
14560 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14564 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14565 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14566 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14576 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
14591 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14592 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14602 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
14603 AF_INET domain sockets
14619 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14632 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
14633 AF_UNIX domain sockets
14647 hostpath(), peerpath()
14657 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14667 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14668 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14679 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
14693 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
14706 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
14716 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14717 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14718 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14729 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
14747 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14757 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14758 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14769 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
14780 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14781 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14782 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14793 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
14801 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14802 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14806 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14812 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
14813 general-utility list subroutines
14821 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14822 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14826 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14832 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
14833 general-utility scalar subroutines
14841 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
14842 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14852 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
14860 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14864 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
14872 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
14880 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
14882 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14884 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
14885 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
14887 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14889 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
14891 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
14897 =item rename_country
14905 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14909 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
14910 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
14911 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
14912 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
14920 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
14921 identification (ISO 4217)
14931 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14933 code2currency(), currency2code()
14935 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14937 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
14941 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14945 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
14946 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
14954 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
14963 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14965 code2language(), language2code()
14967 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14969 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
14973 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14977 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
14978 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
14986 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
14994 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15000 =item Construction Methods
15002 =item The "maketext" Method
15004 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
15006 =item Utility Methods
15008 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
15009 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
15010 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
15011 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
15013 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
15017 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
15019 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
15021 =item BRACKET NOTATION
15023 =item AUTO LEXICONS
15025 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
15027 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
15031 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15037 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
15045 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
15049 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
15051 =item The Linguistic View
15053 =item Breaking gettext
15055 =item Replacing gettext
15057 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
15059 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
15061 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
15063 =item Buzzword: Concision
15065 =item The Devil in the Details
15067 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
15075 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
15083 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
15087 =item SPECIAL CODES
15091 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15093 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
15094 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
15096 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15098 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
15102 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15106 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
15107 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
15115 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
15123 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
15127 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
15135 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
15136 of quoted-printable strings
15144 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15150 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
15159 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15165 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
15175 =item Canonical notation
15179 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
15181 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
15185 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
15186 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
15194 =item Autocreating constants
15200 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
15208 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
15216 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
15224 Canonical notation, Input, Output
15246 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
15248 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
15250 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
15251 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
15253 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
15339 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
15349 =item Rounding mode R
15351 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
15352 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
15353 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
15366 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
15374 =item Autocreating constants
15380 =item Alternative math libraries
15386 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
15394 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
15400 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
15404 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
15405 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
15406 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
15416 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
15426 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
15430 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
15432 the same terms as Perl itself.
15440 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals
15462 =item denominator()
15464 $d = $x->denominator();
15474 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
15488 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
15501 =item STRINGIFICATION
15505 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
15511 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
15513 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
15521 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
15529 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
15535 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
15537 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
15541 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15543 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
15547 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
15549 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15551 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
15552 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
15556 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
15562 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
15572 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
15590 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
15592 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
15596 =item OTHER FACILITIES
15602 =item C<flush_cache>
15608 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
15610 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
15618 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15624 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
15633 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
15644 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
15656 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15664 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15672 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
15681 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
15690 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
15698 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
15706 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15712 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15716 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15720 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
15730 =item Enforcing redispatch
15732 =item Avoiding repetitions
15738 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15744 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
15754 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
15757 =item CLASS METHODS
15759 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
15760 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
15761 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
15771 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
15781 requires_firewall HOST
15783 =item NetConfig VALUES
15785 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
15786 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
15787 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
15791 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
15800 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
15808 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
15820 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
15824 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
15825 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
15826 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
15827 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
15828 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
15829 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
15830 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
15831 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
15832 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
15833 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
15834 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
15835 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
15836 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
15840 =item Methods for the adventurous
15846 =item THE dataconn CLASS
15848 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
15849 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
15851 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
15853 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
15855 =item REPORTING BUGS
15863 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
15871 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
15881 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
15885 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
15886 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
15887 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
15888 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
15889 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
15890 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
15891 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
15895 =item Extension methods
15897 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
15898 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
15899 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
15900 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
15909 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
15919 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
15931 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
15935 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
15936 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
15937 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
15938 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
15950 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
15962 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->source_verify( {
15963 0 | 1 } );, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->ping($host
15964 [, $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [,
15979 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
15991 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
15995 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
15996 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
15997 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
15998 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
15999 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
16000 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
16013 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
16021 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
16022 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
16030 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
16047 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
16055 =item Where to get this document
16057 =item How to contribute to this document
16061 =item Author and Copyright Information
16069 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
16073 =item What is libnet ?
16075 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
16077 =item What other modules do I need ?
16079 =item What machines support libnet ?
16081 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
16085 =item Using Net::FTP
16089 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
16091 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
16093 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
16095 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
16098 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
16100 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
16102 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
16104 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
16106 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
16108 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
16111 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
16113 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
16116 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
16119 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
16123 =item Using Net::SMTP
16127 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
16130 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
16132 =item The verify method always returns true ?
16136 =item Debugging scripts
16140 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
16144 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
16148 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
16165 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
16180 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
16197 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
16205 =item THE .netrc FILE
16207 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
16212 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
16216 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
16226 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
16236 =item IMPLEMENTATION
16244 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
16252 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16258 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16262 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16266 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
16278 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
16280 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
16281 or optag, an operator set (opset)
16283 =item Opcode Functions
16285 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
16286 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
16287 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
16290 =item Manipulating Opsets
16292 =item TO DO (maybe)
16298 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
16300 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
16301 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
16302 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
16311 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
16320 a new namespace, an operator mask
16326 =item RECENT CHANGES
16328 =item Methods in class Safe
16330 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16331 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16332 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16333 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16335 =item Some Safety Issues
16337 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16345 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
16358 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
16372 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
16373 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
16374 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
16375 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
16376 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
16377 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
16378 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
16379 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
16380 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
16381 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
16382 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
16383 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
16384 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
16385 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
16386 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
16387 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
16388 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
16389 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
16390 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
16391 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
16392 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
16393 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
16394 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
16395 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
16396 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
16403 =item POSIX::SigAction
16407 =item POSIX::SigSet
16409 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
16411 =item POSIX::Termios
16413 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
16414 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
16415 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
16416 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
16417 values, c_oflag field values
16421 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
16425 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
16429 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
16483 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
16484 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
16488 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
16497 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw, pop
16501 =item Alternatives to raw
16503 =item Defaults and how to override them
16513 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
16525 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
16535 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
16543 =item EXPECTED METHODS
16545 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
16546 $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]),
16547 $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]), $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]),
16548 $obj->FILENO($fh), $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh),
16549 $obj->FILL($fh), $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh),
16550 $obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh),
16551 $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh),
16558 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
16564 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
16578 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
16584 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
16590 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
16602 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
16603 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
16604 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
16605 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
16606 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
16607 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
16608 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
16609 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
16614 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
16615 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
16616 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
16617 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
16618 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
16619 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
16623 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
16624 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
16636 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
16638 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
16641 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
16643 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
16645 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
16647 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
16649 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
16657 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
16669 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
16671 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
16678 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
16684 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
16686 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
16693 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
16705 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
16715 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
16716 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
16731 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
16744 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
16745 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
16751 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
16775 =item B<was_cutting()>
16781 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
16787 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
16793 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16799 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
16805 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16811 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
16817 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
16823 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16829 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16835 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
16841 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
16847 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16853 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16859 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
16865 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
16871 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16877 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
16883 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
16889 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16895 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16901 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
16907 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
16913 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
16919 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
16925 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
16931 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16937 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
16943 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16949 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
16961 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
16973 =item OBJECT METHODS
16981 =item Data Accessors
16997 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
16999 B<StartWithNewPage>
17013 =item Subclassed methods
17027 B<interior_sequence>
17043 =item Methods for headings
17051 =item Internal methods
17057 B<_replace_special_chars>
17059 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
17065 B<_clean_latex_commands>
17067 B<_split_delimited>
17083 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
17091 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
17096 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
17097 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
17098 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
17109 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17113 =head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
17123 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17127 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
17141 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
17149 $list-E<gt>indent()
17157 $list-E<gt>parent()
17163 =item Pod::Hyperlink
17165 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
17169 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
17171 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
17175 $link-E<gt>warning()
17177 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
17183 $link-E<gt>alttext()
17193 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
17199 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
17203 =item Pod::Cache::Item
17205 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
17209 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
17211 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
17213 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
17215 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
17217 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
17219 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
17221 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
17231 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
17243 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
17245 =item PARSING OPTIONS
17247 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
17248 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
17254 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17262 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17268 =item B<verbatim()>
17270 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17276 =item B<textblock()>
17278 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17284 =item B<interior_sequence()>
17290 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17302 =item B<initialize()>
17308 =item B<begin_pod()>
17314 =item B<begin_input()>
17320 =item B<end_input()>
17332 =item B<preprocess_line()>
17338 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
17344 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
17350 =item B<parse_text()>
17352 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
17353 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
17354 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
17360 =item B<interpolate()>
17366 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
17372 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
17378 =item B<parse_from_file()>
17384 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
17390 =item B<errorsub()>
17402 =item B<parseopts()>
17408 =item B<output_file()>
17414 =item B<output_handle()>
17420 =item B<input_file()>
17426 =item B<input_handle()>
17432 =item B<input_streams()>
17438 =item B<top_stream()>
17444 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17450 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
17456 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
17462 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
17470 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
17490 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
17503 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
17505 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
17511 =item OBJECT METHODS
17517 =item B<curr_headings()>
17529 =item B<add_selection()>
17535 =item B<clear_selections()>
17541 =item B<match_section()>
17547 =item B<is_selected()>
17553 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
17559 =item B<podselect()>
17561 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
17567 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17573 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
17579 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
17585 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
17597 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
17605 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
17609 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
17610 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
17611 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
17622 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17626 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
17640 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17644 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
17659 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17663 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
17664 text with format escapes
17678 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17682 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
17691 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
17700 =item Recommended Use
17708 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
17712 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
17719 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17723 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
17727 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17731 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
17737 =item OVER AND ITEMS
17739 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
17742 =item FORMATTING CODES
17744 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
17752 =head2 Pod::t::htmlescp, Escape Sequences Test
17760 =head2 Pod::t::htmlview, Test HTML Rendering
17768 =item METHODS =E<gt> OTHER STUFF
17774 foo, bar, baz, C<Black> Cat, Sat S<I<on> the>, MatE<lt>!E<gt>, 1 Cat, 2
17781 =item TESTING FOR AND BEGIN
17783 =item TESTING URLs hyperlinking
17789 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
17797 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17803 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17807 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17811 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
17819 a new namespace, an operator mask
17825 =item RECENT CHANGES
17827 =item Methods in class Safe
17829 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17830 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17831 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17832 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17834 =item Some Safety Issues
17836 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17844 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
17852 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
17853 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
17863 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
17873 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
17883 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
17893 =item The __DATA__ token
17895 =item SelfLoader autoloading
17897 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
17899 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
17901 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
17903 =item Classes and inherited methods.
17907 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
17911 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
17921 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
17929 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
17930 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
17938 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
17939 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
17940 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
17941 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
17942 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
17946 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
17956 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
17960 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
17962 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
17964 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
17966 =item ERROR REPORTING
17974 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
17979 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
17980 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
17988 =item Storable magic
17998 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
18010 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
18024 =item Allowing fall-through
18026 =item Automating fall-through
18028 =item Alternative syntax
18030 =item Higher-order Operations
18046 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
18056 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
18068 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
18069 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18077 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18078 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18079 in 5.004_02), closelog
18089 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
18090 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18098 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18099 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18100 in 5.004_02), closelog
18110 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
18120 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
18121 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
18122 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
18126 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
18140 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
18156 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
18158 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18160 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18162 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
18170 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18178 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
18186 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
18196 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
18197 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
18205 =item Minimal set of supported functions
18207 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
18208 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
18210 =item Additional supported functions
18212 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
18222 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
18248 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
18252 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18262 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
18282 =item Setting up tests
18298 =item Running tests
18304 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
18306 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
18332 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
18344 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
18348 =item Test Status and Info
18356 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
18380 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
18390 =item The test script output
18392 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
18393 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
18398 =item Configuration variables.
18400 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
18404 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
18431 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
18432 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
18433 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
18434 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
18438 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
18439 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
18440 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
18454 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
18480 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
18490 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
18528 B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
18544 B<_reset_file_state>
18564 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
18574 =item I love it when a plan comes together
18584 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
18624 =item Conditional tests
18630 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
18632 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
18636 =item Comparison functions
18650 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
18660 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18662 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
18675 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
18699 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
18708 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
18716 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
18718 =item Where to start?
18722 =item Test the manual
18724 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
18726 =item Testing lots of values
18728 =item Informative names
18730 =item Skipping tests
18734 =item Testing with taint mode.
18746 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
18758 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
18768 =item General behaviour in list contexts
18772 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
18774 =item A note about prefixes
18776 =item C<extract_delimited>
18778 =item C<extract_bracketed>
18780 =item C<extract_tagged>
18782 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
18783 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
18785 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
18787 =item C<extract_quotelike>
18789 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
18791 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
18793 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
18795 =item C<extract_codeblock>
18797 =item C<extract_multiple>
18799 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
18805 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
18806 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
18807 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
18808 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
18809 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
18810 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
18811 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
18812 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
18813 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
18814 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
18815 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
18816 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
18821 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
18827 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
18842 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
18859 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
18874 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
18890 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
18902 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
18903 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
18904 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
18908 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
18916 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
18924 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18926 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
18932 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
18940 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18942 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
18946 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
18961 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
18971 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
18979 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
18980 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
18981 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
18982 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
18990 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
19010 =item Option Format
19014 =item Public Methods
19022 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
19026 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
19028 =item Deferred Writing
19032 =item Autodeferring
19040 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
19054 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
19063 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
19064 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
19065 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
19066 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
19068 =item MORE INFORMATION
19070 =item COMPATIBILITY
19074 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
19083 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
19084 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
19086 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
19088 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
19090 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
19092 =item MORE INFORMATION
19096 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
19104 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
19114 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
19132 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
19141 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
19143 =item MORE INFORMATION
19147 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
19159 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
19168 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
19169 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
19170 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
19171 getitimer ( $which )
19187 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
19195 =item IMPLEMENTATION
19201 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
19216 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
19231 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
19243 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
19251 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
19252 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
19256 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
19266 =item Constructor and Tailoring
19268 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
19269 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
19270 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
19272 =item Methods for Collation
19274 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
19275 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
19276 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
19277 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
19278 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
19279 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
19280 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
19281 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
19282 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
19284 =item Other Methods
19286 UCA_Version, Base_Unicode_Version
19302 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/,
19303 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt,
19304 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19305 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18, L<Unicode::Normalize>
19309 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
19319 =item Normalization Forms
19321 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
19322 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
19323 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
19325 =item Decomposition and Composition
19327 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
19328 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
19329 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
19333 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
19334 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
19335 check($form_name, $string)>
19337 =item Character Data
19339 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
19340 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
19341 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
19342 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
19343 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
19344 C<$is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
19345 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
19355 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19356 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
19360 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
19402 =item Blocks versus Scripts
19404 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
19406 =item Code Point Arguments
19432 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
19438 =item Implementation Note
19450 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
19465 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
19476 =item System Specifics
19490 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
19498 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
19500 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
19501 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
19502 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
19503 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
19504 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
19505 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
19506 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
19507 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
19508 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
19509 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
19510 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
19511 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
19512 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
19513 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
19514 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
19515 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
19516 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
19522 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
19534 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
19536 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
19537 don't all have manual pages yet:
19563 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob