2 # !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!!
3 # This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods.
4 # Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes.
8 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
12 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
13 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
14 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
16 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
18 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
30 =item Reference Manual
32 =item Internals and C Language Interface
36 =item Language-Specific
38 =item Platform-Specific
62 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
72 =item Running Perl programs
74 =item Basic syntax overview
76 =item Perl variable types
78 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
80 =item Variable scoping
82 =item Conditional and looping constructs
84 if, while, for, foreach
86 =item Builtin operators and functions
88 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
93 =item Regular expressions
95 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
96 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
98 =item Writing subroutines
102 =item Using Perl modules
110 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
116 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
124 =item Making References
126 =item Using References
144 =item Distribution Conditions
150 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
156 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
157 more elaborate constructs
161 =item COMMON MISTAKES
163 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
165 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
171 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
175 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
177 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
179 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
183 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
187 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
189 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
191 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
195 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
199 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
201 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
203 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
207 =item HASHES OF HASHES
211 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
213 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
215 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
219 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
223 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
225 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
227 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
239 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
247 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
249 =item Growing Your Own
251 =item Access and Printing
263 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
273 =item Simple word matching
275 =item Using character classes
277 =item Matching this or that
279 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
281 =item Extracting matches
283 =item Matching repetitions
287 =item Search and replace
289 =item The split operator
297 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
301 =item Acknowledgments
307 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
313 =item Part 1: The basics
317 =item Simple word matching
319 =item Using character classes
321 =item Matching this or that
323 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
325 =item Extracting matches
327 =item Matching repetitions
329 =item Building a regexp
331 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
335 =item Part 2: Power tools
339 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
341 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
343 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
345 =item Non-capturing groupings
347 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
349 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
351 =item Conditional expressions
353 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
355 =item Pragmas and debugging
363 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
367 =item Acknowledgments
373 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
381 =item If we could talk to the animals...
383 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
385 =item Invoking a barnyard
387 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
389 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
391 =item Inheriting the windpipes
393 =item A few notes about @ISA
395 =item Overriding the methods
397 =item Starting the search from a different place
399 =item The SUPER way of doing things
401 =item Where we're at so far...
403 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
405 =item Invoking an instance method
407 =item Accessing the instance data
409 =item How to build a horse
411 =item Inheriting the constructor
413 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
415 =item Adding parameters to a method
417 =item More interesting instances
419 =item A horse of a different color
431 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
437 =item Creating a Class
441 =item Object Representation
443 =item Class Interface
445 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
447 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
451 =item Other Object Methods
459 =item Accessing Class Data
461 =item Debugging Methods
463 =item Class Destructors
465 =item Documenting the Interface
475 =item Overridden Methods
477 =item Multiple Inheritance
479 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
483 =item Alternate Object Representations
487 =item Arrays as Objects
489 =item Closures as Objects
493 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
497 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
499 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
503 =item Metaclassical Tools
509 =item Data Members as Variables
517 =item Object Terminology
523 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
529 =item Acknowledgments
535 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
541 =item Class Data in a Can
543 =item Class Data as Package Variables
547 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
549 =item Inheritance Concerns
551 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
553 =item Indirect References to Class Data
555 =item Monadic Classes
557 =item Translucent Attributes
561 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
565 =item Privacy and Responsibility
567 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
569 =item More Inheritance Concerns
571 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
573 =item Translucency Revisited
581 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
583 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
589 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
595 =item OO SCALING TIPS
597 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
599 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
601 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
603 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
605 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
607 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
609 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
611 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
613 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
621 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
629 =head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
641 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
649 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
667 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
669 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
670 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
671 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
672 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
674 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
676 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
677 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
678 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
682 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
684 =item Numerical Traps
686 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
688 =item General data type traps
690 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
691 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
693 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
695 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
697 =item Precedence Traps
699 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
702 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
704 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
705 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
706 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
708 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
710 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
716 =item Interpolation Traps
718 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
719 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
725 =item Unclassified Traps
727 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
734 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
742 =item Looking at data and -w and v
746 =item Stepping through code
748 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
750 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
768 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2003/01/31
777 =item Where to get the perlfaq
779 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
781 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
788 =item Author and Copyright Information
792 =item Bundled Distributions
798 =item Table of Contents
800 perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
801 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
802 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
803 Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
804 Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
810 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
812 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
814 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
816 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
818 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
820 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
822 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
824 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
826 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
832 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date:
833 2003/07/09 15:47:28 $)
843 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
845 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
847 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
853 =item How stable is Perl?
855 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
857 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
860 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
862 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
864 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
866 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
868 =item What is a JAPH?
870 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
872 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
873 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
877 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
881 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.20 $,
882 $Date: 2003/01/26 17:50:56 $)
890 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
892 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
894 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
896 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
899 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
900 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
902 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
903 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
905 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
907 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
909 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
911 =item Where should I post source code?
915 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
917 =item Perl in Magazines
919 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
921 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
923 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
925 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
927 =item Where do I send bug reports?
929 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
933 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
937 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.35 $, $Date: 2003/08/24
946 =item How do I do (anything)?
948 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
950 =item Is there a Perl shell?
952 =item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
954 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
956 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
958 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
960 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
962 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
964 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
966 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
967 GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
968 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
970 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
972 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
974 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
976 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
978 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
980 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
982 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
984 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
985 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
987 =item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
989 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
991 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
993 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
995 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
997 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
999 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
1001 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
1003 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
1005 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
1007 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
1009 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
1011 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
1012 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
1014 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
1016 =item What's MakeMaker?
1020 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1024 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.52 $, $Date: 2003/10/02
1035 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
1036 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
1038 =item Why is int() broken?
1040 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
1042 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
1045 =item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?
1047 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
1048 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
1049 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
1050 from decimal to binary
1052 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
1054 =item How do I multiply matrices?
1056 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
1058 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
1060 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
1062 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
1070 =item How do I find the day or week of the year?
1072 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
1074 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
1076 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
1078 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
1080 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
1082 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
1090 =item How do I validate input?
1092 =item How do I unescape a string?
1094 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
1096 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
1098 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
1100 =item How do I reverse a string?
1102 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
1104 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
1106 =item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
1108 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
1110 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
1113 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
1115 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
1118 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
1120 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
1122 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
1124 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
1126 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
1128 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
1130 =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
1132 There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
1133 be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
1142 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
1144 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
1146 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
1150 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
1153 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
1154 intersection of two arrays?
1156 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
1158 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
1160 =item How do I handle linked lists?
1162 =item How do I handle circular lists?
1164 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
1166 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
1168 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
1170 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
1172 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
1174 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
1176 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
1180 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
1184 =item How do I process an entire hash?
1186 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
1189 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
1191 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
1193 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
1195 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
1197 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
1199 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
1201 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
1203 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
1205 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
1207 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
1209 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
1212 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
1213 array of hashes or arrays?
1215 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
1223 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
1225 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
1227 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
1229 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
1231 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
1233 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
1235 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
1239 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1243 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
1252 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
1254 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
1255 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
1257 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
1259 =item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
1261 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
1263 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
1265 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
1266 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
1268 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
1270 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
1272 =item How can I write() into a string?
1274 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
1276 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
1278 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
1280 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
1283 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
1285 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
1287 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
1289 =item How can I lock a file?
1291 =item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
1293 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
1294 the file. How can I do this?
1296 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
1297 file. Do I still have to use locking?
1299 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
1301 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
1303 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
1305 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
1307 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
1309 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
1311 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
1313 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
1315 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
1317 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
1319 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
1321 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
1322 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
1324 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
1326 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
1327 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
1329 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
1331 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
1335 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1339 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 2003/01/03
1348 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
1349 and unmaintainable code?
1351 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
1353 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
1355 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
1358 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
1360 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
1363 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
1365 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
1367 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
1369 =item What is C</o> really for?
1371 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
1374 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
1376 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
1378 =item How do I process each word on each line?
1380 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
1382 =item How can I do approximate matching?
1384 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
1386 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
1388 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
1390 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
1392 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
1394 =item What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
1396 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
1398 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
1402 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1406 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date:
1407 2003/07/24 02:17:21 $)
1415 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
1417 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
1420 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
1423 =item How do I skip some return values?
1425 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
1427 =item What's an extension?
1429 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
1431 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
1433 =item How do I create a module?
1435 =item How do I create a class?
1437 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
1439 =item What's a closure?
1441 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
1443 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
1446 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
1449 =item How do I create a static variable?
1451 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
1452 Between local() and my()?
1454 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
1457 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
1459 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
1461 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
1463 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
1465 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
1467 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
1470 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
1472 =item How can I find out my current package?
1474 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
1476 =item How do I clear a package?
1478 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
1480 =item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
1484 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1488 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
1497 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
1499 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
1501 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
1503 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
1505 =item How do I print something out in color?
1507 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
1509 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
1511 =item How do I clear the screen?
1513 =item How do I get the screen size?
1515 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
1517 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
1519 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
1521 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
1523 =item How do I start a process in the background?
1525 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
1527 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
1529 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
1531 =item How do I set the time and date?
1533 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
1535 =item How can I measure time under a second?
1537 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
1539 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
1540 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
1542 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
1544 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
1546 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
1548 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
1550 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
1552 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
1554 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
1556 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
1558 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
1560 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
1563 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
1565 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
1567 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
1569 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
1572 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
1573 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
1574 changes to be visible?
1578 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
1581 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
1583 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
1585 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
1587 =item How do I set CPU limits?
1589 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
1591 =item How do I use an SQL database?
1593 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
1595 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
1597 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
1599 =item What's the difference between require and use?
1601 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
1603 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
1606 =item How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?
1608 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
1612 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1616 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/01/31 17:36:57
1625 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
1627 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
1630 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
1632 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
1634 =item How do I extract URLs?
1636 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
1637 file on another machine?
1639 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
1641 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
1643 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
1645 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
1647 =item How do I redirect to another page?
1649 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
1651 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
1653 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
1654 CGI script to do bad things?
1656 =item How do I parse a mail header?
1658 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
1660 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
1662 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
1664 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
1666 =item How do I send mail?
1668 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
1670 =item How do I read mail?
1672 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
1674 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
1676 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
1678 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
1682 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1686 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1698 =item Simple Statements
1700 =item Truth and Falsehood
1702 =item Statement Modifiers
1704 =item Compound Statements
1712 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1716 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1718 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1724 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1732 =item Variable names
1738 =item Scalar value constructors
1740 =item List value constructors
1746 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1754 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1762 =item Operator Precedence and Associativity
1764 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1766 =item The Arrow Operator
1768 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1770 =item Exponentiation
1772 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1774 =item Binding Operators
1776 =item Multiplicative Operators
1778 =item Additive Operators
1780 =item Shift Operators
1782 =item Named Unary Operators
1784 =item Relational Operators
1786 =item Equality Operators
1790 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1792 =item C-style Logical And
1794 =item C-style Logical Or
1796 =item C-style Logical Defined-Or
1798 =item Range Operators
1800 =item Conditional Operator
1802 =item Assignment Operators
1804 =item Comma Operator
1806 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1812 =item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
1814 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1816 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1818 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1820 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1822 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1823 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1824 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1825 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
1827 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
1829 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
1830 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
1831 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
1832 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
1837 =item Constant Folding
1839 =item Bitwise String Operators
1841 =item Integer Arithmetic
1843 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1845 =item Bigger Numbers
1851 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1861 =item Private Variables via my()
1863 =item Persistent Private Variables
1865 =item Temporary Values via local()
1867 =item Lvalue subroutines
1869 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
1871 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1873 =item When to Still Use local()
1875 =item Pass by Reference
1879 =item Constant Functions
1881 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
1885 =item Subroutine Attributes
1893 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1901 =item Perl Functions by Category
1903 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1904 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1905 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1906 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1907 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1908 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1909 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1910 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1911 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1912 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1917 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1919 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1920 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1921 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
1922 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
1923 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
1924 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
1925 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
1926 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
1927 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
1928 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
1929 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
1930 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
1931 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
1932 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
1933 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
1934 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
1935 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
1936 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
1937 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
1938 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
1939 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
1940 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
1941 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
1942 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
1943 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
1944 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
1945 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
1946 lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
1947 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
1948 KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
1949 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
1950 Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
1951 EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
1952 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
1953 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
1954 ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
1955 package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
1956 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
1957 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
1958 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
1959 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
1960 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
1961 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
1962 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
1963 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
1964 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
1965 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
1966 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
1967 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1968 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1969 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1970 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1971 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1972 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1973 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1974 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1975 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
1976 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format
1977 parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum
1978 width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat
1979 FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME
1980 (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK,
1981 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
1982 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall NUMBER, LIST, sysopen
1983 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1984 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1985 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
1986 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
1987 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
1988 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
1989 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
1990 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
1991 TEMPLATE,EXPR, unpack TEMPLATE, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use
1992 Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use
1993 VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1994 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
2000 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
2006 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
2012 =item Indirect Filehandles
2016 =item The Minus File
2018 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
2024 =item Open E<agrave> la C
2028 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
2032 =item Obscure Open Tricks
2036 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
2038 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
2040 =item Paths as Opens
2042 =item Single Argument Open
2044 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
2048 =item Other I/O Issues
2052 =item Opening Non-File Files
2054 =item Opening Named Pipes
2056 =item Opening Sockets
2068 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
2074 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
2080 =item The Basic Principle
2084 =item Packing Numbers
2090 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
2092 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
2094 =item Floating point Numbers
2098 =item Exotic Templates
2110 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
2114 =item Template Grouping
2116 =item Lengths and Widths
2120 =item String Lengths
2122 =item Dynamic Templates
2124 =item Counting Repetitions
2128 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
2132 =item The Alignment Pit
2134 =item Alignment, Take 2
2136 =item Alignment, Take 3
2138 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
2144 =item Funnies Section
2150 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
2158 =item Ordinary Paragraph
2160 =item Verbatim Paragraph
2162 =item Command Paragraph
2164 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
2165 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
2166 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
2167 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>, C<=encoding
2170 =item Formatting Codes
2172 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2173 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2174 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
2175 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
2176 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
2177 (zero-effect) formatting code
2181 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2183 =item Hints for Writing Pod
2193 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
2200 =item Pod Definitions
2204 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
2205 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...",
2206 "=encoding encodingname"
2208 =item Pod Formatting Codes
2210 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2211 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
2212 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
2213 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2214 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
2215 contains non-breaking spaces
2217 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
2219 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
2221 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
2223 =item About =over...=back Regions
2225 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
2233 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
2243 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
2245 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
2247 =item Location of Perl
2249 =item Command Switches
2251 B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>], B<-A [I<assertions>]>, B<-a>, B<-C
2252 [I<number/list>]>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters>,
2253 B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
2254 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
2255 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
2256 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
2257 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
2258 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
2264 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
2265 :perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
2266 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
2267 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_DL_NONLAZY, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED,
2268 PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS,
2269 PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
2273 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2281 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
2289 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
2291 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
2293 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
2297 =item Backward Compatibility
2299 =item Category Hierarchy
2301 =item Fatal Warnings
2303 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
2315 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
2321 =item The Perl Debugger
2325 =item Debugger Commands
2327 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
2328 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
2329 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
2330 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
2331 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
2332 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
2333 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
2334 command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [
2335 command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source
2336 file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man
2339 =item Configurable Options
2341 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
2342 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
2343 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
2344 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
2345 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
2346 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
2349 =item Debugger input/output
2351 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
2354 =item Debugging compile-time statements
2356 =item Debugger Customization
2358 =item Readline Support
2360 =item Editor Support for Debugging
2362 =item The Perl Profiler
2366 =item Debugging regular expressions
2368 =item Debugging memory usage
2376 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
2384 =item Predefined Names
2386 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
2387 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+,
2388 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
2389 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
2390 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
2391 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
2392 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
2393 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#,
2394 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
2395 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
2396 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
2397 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
2398 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
2399 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
2400 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
2401 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
2402 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
2403 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
2404 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
2405 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
2406 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
2407 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
2408 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
2409 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
2410 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
2411 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
2412 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
2413 $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE},
2414 $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
2415 ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
2418 =item Error Indicators
2420 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
2428 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
2438 =item Regular Expressions
2440 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
2442 =item Extended Patterns
2444 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
2445 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
2446 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
2447 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
2451 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
2453 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
2455 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
2457 =item Combining pieces together
2459 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
2460 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
2461 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
2462 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
2464 =item Creating custom RE engines
2474 =head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
2486 =item ESCAPE SEQUENCES
2488 =item CHARACTER CLASSES
2494 =item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
2512 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
2522 =item Making References
2524 =item Using References
2526 =item Symbolic references
2528 =item Not-so-symbolic references
2530 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
2532 =item Function Templates
2542 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
2550 =item Format Variables
2560 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
2568 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
2576 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
2578 =item A Class is Simply a Package
2580 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
2582 =item Method Invocation
2584 =item Indirect Object Syntax
2586 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
2588 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
2594 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
2602 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
2614 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
2619 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
2620 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
2621 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
2622 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
2627 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
2628 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
2629 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
2631 =item Tying FileHandles
2633 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
2634 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
2639 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
2651 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
2659 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
2660 B<filter_fetch_value>
2666 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
2668 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
2678 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
2679 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
2689 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
2697 =item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)
2699 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
2700 "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
2704 =item Using open() for IPC
2710 =item Background Processes
2712 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
2714 =item Safe Pipe Opens
2716 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
2718 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
2722 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
2726 =item Internet Line Terminators
2728 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
2730 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
2734 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
2738 =item A Simple Client
2740 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
2742 =item A Webget Client
2744 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
2748 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
2750 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
2752 =item UDP: Message Passing
2766 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
2776 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
2778 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
2779 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
2780 files, directories and network sockets
2782 =item Resource limits
2784 =item Killing the parent process
2786 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
2788 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
2790 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
2791 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
2792 application, Thread-safety of extensions
2804 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
2812 =item Storing numbers
2814 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
2816 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
2818 Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
2819 mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
2820 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
2829 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
2837 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2839 =item Threaded Program Models
2851 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
2853 =item Thread-Safe Modules
2859 =item Basic Thread Support
2861 =item A Note about the Examples
2863 =item Creating Threads
2865 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2867 =item Ignoring A Thread
2871 =item Threads And Data
2875 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2877 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
2881 =item Synchronization and control
2885 =item Controlling access: lock()
2887 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2889 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2891 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2893 =item Basic semaphores
2895 =item Advanced Semaphores
2897 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
2899 =item Giving up control
2903 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2907 =item What Thread Am I In?
2911 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2913 =item What Threads Are Running?
2917 =item A Complete Example
2919 =item Different implementations of threads
2921 =item Performance considerations
2923 =item Process-scope Changes
2925 =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
2933 =item Introductory Texts
2935 =item OS-Related References
2937 =item Other References
2941 =item Acknowledgements
2949 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
2955 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2957 =item Threaded Program Models
2969 =item Native threads
2971 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2973 =item Threadsafe Modules
2979 =item Basic Thread Support
2981 =item Creating Threads
2983 =item Giving up control
2985 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2987 =item Errors In Threads
2989 =item Ignoring A Thread
2993 =item Threads And Data
2997 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2999 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
3001 =item Controlling access: lock()
3003 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
3005 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
3009 =item Threads And Code
3013 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
3015 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
3017 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
3019 =item Subroutine Locks
3023 =item Locking A Subroutine
3027 =item General Thread Utility Routines
3031 =item What Thread Am I In?
3035 =item Are These Threads The Same?
3037 =item What Threads Are Running?
3041 =item A Complete Example
3049 =item Introductory Texts
3051 =item OS-Related References
3053 =item Other References
3057 =item Acknowledgements
3065 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
3071 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
3080 =item Numbers endianness and Width
3082 =item Files and Filesystems
3084 =item System Interaction
3086 =item Command names versus file pathnames
3090 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
3092 =item External Subroutines (XS)
3094 =item Standard Modules
3098 =item Character sets and character encoding
3100 =item Internationalisation
3102 =item System Resources
3112 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
3113 http://testers.cpan.org/
3121 =item DOS and Derivatives
3129 =item EBCDIC Platforms
3137 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
3141 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
3143 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
3144 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
3145 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
3146 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
3147 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
3148 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
3149 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
3150 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostbyname, gethostent,
3151 getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
3152 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
3153 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
3154 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
3155 kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
3156 lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
3157 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
3158 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
3159 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
3160 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
3161 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
3162 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
3163 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
3164 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
3165 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
3166 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
3167 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
3168 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
3174 v1.49, 12 August 2002, v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000,
3175 v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999,
3176 v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April
3177 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December
3178 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August
3179 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
3181 =item Supported Platforms
3185 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
3189 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
3196 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
3202 =item The use locale pragma
3204 =item The setlocale function
3206 =item Finding locales
3208 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
3210 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
3212 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
3214 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
3216 =item Fixing system locale configuration
3218 =item The localeconv function
3220 =item I18N::Langinfo
3224 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
3228 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
3230 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
3232 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
3234 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
3238 =item Other categories
3246 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
3247 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
3253 =item Backward compatibility
3255 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
3257 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
3259 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
3261 =item Freely available locale definitions
3265 =item An imperfect standard
3269 =item Unicode and UTF-8
3275 =item Broken systems
3285 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
3295 =item Perl's Unicode Support
3297 =item Perl's Unicode Model
3299 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
3301 =item Creating Unicode
3303 =item Handling Unicode
3305 =item Legacy Encodings
3309 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
3313 =item Advanced Topics
3317 =item Questions With Answers
3319 =item Hexadecimal Notation
3321 =item Further Resources
3325 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
3329 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
3331 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
3335 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
3343 =item Important Caveats
3345 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
3346 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
3348 =item Byte and Character Semantics
3350 =item Effects of Character Semantics
3356 =item User-Defined Character Properties
3358 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
3360 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
3362 =item Unicode Encodings
3364 =item Security Implications of Unicode
3366 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
3370 =item When Unicode Does Not Happen
3372 =item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
3374 =item Using Unicode in XS
3382 =item Interaction with Locales
3384 =item Interaction with Extensions
3388 =item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
3396 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
3402 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
3410 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
3414 =item 13 variant characters
3422 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
3424 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
3426 =item Unicode and UTF
3432 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
3434 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
3436 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
3450 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
3452 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
3454 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
3456 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
3464 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
3466 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
3468 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
3470 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
3474 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
3478 =item URL decoding and encoding
3480 =item uu encoding and decoding
3482 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
3484 =item Caesarian ciphers
3488 =item Hashing order and checksums
3492 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
3504 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
3524 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
3532 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
3534 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
3536 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
3540 =item Protecting Your Programs
3544 =item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
3552 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
3564 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
3570 =item Making your module threadsafe
3578 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
3582 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
3586 =item Pragmatic Modules
3588 assertions, assertions::activate, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint,
3589 bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding,
3590 fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re,
3591 sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version,
3592 vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
3594 =item Standard Modules
3596 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
3597 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
3598 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
3599 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
3600 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
3601 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
3602 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf,
3603 Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5,
3604 DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte,
3605 Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config,
3606 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess,
3607 Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR,
3608 Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO,
3609 Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode,
3610 Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
3611 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant,
3612 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
3613 ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
3614 ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
3615 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
3616 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
3617 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial,
3618 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish,
3619 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
3620 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
3621 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
3622 File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc,
3623 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
3624 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
3625 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File,
3626 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
3627 I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle,
3628 IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
3629 IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg,
3630 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
3631 Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
3632 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64,
3633 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
3634 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::Scalar, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex,
3635 Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
3636 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
3637 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd,
3638 Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3,
3639 Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
3640 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
3641 PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint,
3642 Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
3643 Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
3644 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
3645 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
3646 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
3647 Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
3648 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util,
3649 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
3650 Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
3651 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness,
3652 Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps,
3653 Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
3654 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
3655 Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific,
3656 Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash,
3657 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
3658 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize,
3659 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap,
3662 =item Extension Modules
3676 China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
3677 Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
3679 =item Central America
3685 Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
3686 Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
3687 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
3688 Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
3689 Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
3693 Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
3694 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
3695 Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York,
3696 North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,
3697 Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
3701 Australia, New Zealand, United States
3705 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
3711 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
3715 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
3717 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
3719 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
3727 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
3733 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
3737 =item Before you start
3745 =item Release considerations
3749 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
3753 =item Has it been done before?
3755 =item Do one thing and do it well
3757 =item What's in a name?
3761 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
3765 =item To OO or not to OO?
3767 =item Designing your API
3769 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
3770 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
3773 =item Strictness and warnings
3775 =item Backwards compatibility
3777 =item Error handling and messages
3781 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
3787 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
3789 perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
3790 perl Build test, perl Build install
3794 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
3798 =item Version numbering
3800 =item Pre-requisites
3810 =item COMMON PITFALLS
3814 =item Reinventing the wheel
3816 =item Trying to do too much
3818 =item Inappropriate documentation
3824 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
3825 Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
3832 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
3842 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
3843 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
3857 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
3867 =item What should I make into a module?
3869 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
3871 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
3873 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
3875 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
3876 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
3877 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
3879 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
3881 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
3882 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
3892 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3902 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3903 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3904 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3905 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3909 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3911 =item Administration
3913 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3917 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3918 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3926 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3936 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3940 =item Using The Back Ends
3944 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3948 =item The Decompiling Back End
3950 =item The Lint Back End
3952 =item The Simple C Back End
3954 =item The Bytecode Back End
3956 =item The Optimized C Back End
3960 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3962 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3963 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3964 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3966 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3972 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3982 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3984 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3986 B<Decryption Filters>
3988 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3990 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3992 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3996 =item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
3998 Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle
4008 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
4018 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
4019 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
4023 =item Compiling your C program
4025 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
4027 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
4029 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
4031 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
4033 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
4035 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
4037 =item Execution of END blocks
4039 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
4041 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
4046 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
4058 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
4064 =item Debugger Internals
4068 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
4072 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
4074 =item Debugging regular expressions
4078 =item Compile-time output
4080 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
4081 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
4082 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
4085 =item Types of nodes
4087 =item Run-time output
4091 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
4095 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
4097 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
4098 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
4101 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
4103 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
4105 =item B<-DL> details
4109 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
4117 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
4129 =item Version caveat
4131 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
4143 =item What has gone on?
4145 =item Writing good test scripts
4149 =item What's new here?
4151 =item Input and Output Parameters
4153 =item The XSUBPP Program
4155 =item The TYPEMAP file
4157 =item Warning about Output Arguments
4161 =item What has happened here?
4163 =item Anatomy of .xs file
4165 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
4167 =item More about XSUB arguments
4169 =item The Argument Stack
4171 =item Extending your Extension
4173 =item Documenting your Extension
4175 =item Installing your Extension
4179 =item New Things in this Example
4183 =item New Things in this Example
4185 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
4187 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
4189 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
4191 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
4207 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
4219 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
4221 =item The Argument Stack
4223 =item The RETVAL Variable
4225 =item The MODULE Keyword
4227 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4229 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4231 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4233 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4235 =item The CODE: Keyword
4237 =item The INIT: Keyword
4239 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4241 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4243 =item Default Parameter Values
4245 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4247 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4249 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4251 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4253 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4255 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4257 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4259 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4261 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4263 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4265 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4267 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4269 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4271 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4273 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4275 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4277 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4279 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4281 =item The FALLBACK: Keyword
4283 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4285 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4287 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4289 =item The CASE: Keyword
4291 =item The & Unary Operator
4293 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4295 =item Using XS With C++
4297 =item Interface Strategy
4299 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4303 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4305 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4317 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4327 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4329 =item File Operations
4331 =item File Input and Output
4333 =item File Positioning
4335 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4337 =item Character Class Tests
4339 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4341 =item Miscellaneous functions
4349 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4361 =item What is an "IV"?
4363 =item Working with SVs
4367 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4369 =item Working with AVs
4371 =item Working with HVs
4373 =item Hash API Extensions
4375 =item AVs, HVs and undefined values
4379 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4381 =item Creating New Variables
4383 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4385 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4387 =item Stashes and Globs
4389 =item Double-Typed SVs
4391 =item Magic Variables
4393 =item Assigning Magic
4395 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4399 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4401 =item Localizing changes
4403 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4404 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4405 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4406 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4407 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4408 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4409 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4410 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4411 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4412 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4420 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4422 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4424 =item Memory Allocation
4428 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4432 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4442 =item Examining the tree
4444 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4446 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4448 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4450 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4452 =item Pluggable runops
4456 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4458 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4462 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4464 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4466 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4468 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4470 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4474 =item Internal Functions
4476 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b
4480 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4482 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4484 =item Source Documentation
4488 =item Unicode Support
4492 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4494 =item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?
4496 =item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?
4498 =item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?
4500 =item How do I convert a string to UTF-8?
4502 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4506 =item Custom Operators
4514 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4520 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4522 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4524 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4544 =item Determining the Context
4548 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4554 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4556 =item Passing Parameters
4558 =item Returning a Scalar
4560 =item Returning a list of values
4562 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4564 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4568 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4572 =item Using call_argv
4574 =item Using call_method
4578 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4580 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4582 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4583 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4586 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4588 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4600 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4606 =item "Gimme" Values
4608 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4610 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4612 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4613 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4614 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4616 =item Callback Functions
4618 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4619 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4621 =item Character classes
4623 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4625 =item Cloning an interpreter
4629 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4631 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4633 =item Embedding Functions
4635 cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct,
4636 perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4638 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4640 packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str
4642 =item Global Variables
4644 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4648 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4649 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4653 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4655 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4657 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4658 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_assert, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4659 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4660 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
4661 hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4663 =item Magical Functions
4665 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4666 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4667 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4669 =item Memory Management
4671 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4672 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4674 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4676 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, new_version, scan_version, strEQ,
4677 strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking,
4678 sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, upg_version, vcmp, vnumify, vstringify
4680 =item Numeric functions
4682 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4685 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4687 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4689 =item Pad Data Structures
4693 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4695 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4696 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4697 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4698 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4699 XSRETURN_UV, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF,
4704 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4706 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4708 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4709 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4710 SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off,
4711 SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW,
4712 SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp,
4713 SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX,
4714 SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only,
4715 SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force,
4716 SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force,
4717 SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg,
4718 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
4719 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on,
4720 SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on,
4721 SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, SvVOK, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal,
4722 sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen,
4723 sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
4724 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg,
4725 sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear,
4726 sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from,
4727 sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow,
4728 sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8,
4729 sv_magic, sv_magicext, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
4730 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
4731 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
4732 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset,
4733 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
4734 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
4735 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
4736 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
4737 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref,
4738 sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
4739 sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
4740 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4742 =item Unicode Support
4744 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4745 is_utf8_string_loc, pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8,
4746 sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title,
4747 to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
4748 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
4751 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4753 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4754 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4756 =item Warning and Dieing
4766 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4773 =item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
4777 =item Functions in file pad.h
4779 CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS,
4780 PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH,
4781 PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL,
4782 PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR,
4783 PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE, PAD_SV, PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV
4785 =item Functions in file pp_ctl.c
4789 =item Global Variables
4791 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4802 =item Pad Data Structures
4804 CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon,
4805 pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex,
4806 pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new,
4807 pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef
4809 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4813 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4815 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4823 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4833 =item History and Background
4835 =item Basic Structure
4837 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4839 =item Data Structures
4841 =item Functions and Attributes
4843 =item Per-instance Data
4845 =item Layers in action.
4847 =item Per-instance flag bits
4849 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4850 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4851 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4852 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4854 =item Methods in Detail
4856 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4857 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4858 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4859 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4864 =item Implementing PerlIO Layers
4866 C implementations, Perl implementations
4870 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4872 =item Extension Layers
4874 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
4882 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4890 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4891 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4892 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4893 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4894 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4895 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4896 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4897 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4898 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4899 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4900 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4904 =item Co-existence with stdio
4906 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4907 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4909 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4911 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4912 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4913 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4914 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4916 =item Other Functions
4918 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4919 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4925 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4931 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4932 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4933 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4934 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4935 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4936 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4937 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4941 =item Keeping in sync
4943 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4944 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4946 =item Why rsync the source tree
4948 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
4950 =item Why rsync the patches
4952 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4953 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4955 =item Perlbug administration
4957 =item Submitting patches
4959 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4960 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4962 =item Finding Your Way Around
4964 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4966 =item Elements of the interpreter
4968 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4970 =item Internal Variable Types
4976 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4978 =item Millions of Macros
4980 =item The .i Targets
4982 =item Poking at Perl
4984 =item Using a source-level debugger
4986 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4987 finish, 'enter', print
4989 =item gdb macro support
4991 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4995 =item Patching a core module
4997 =item Adding a new function to the core
4999 =item Writing a test
5001 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5002 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base t/comp,
5003 t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5005 =item Special Make Test Targets
5007 coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind
5008 check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third
5009 utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8
5010 check.utf8, test_harness
5012 =item Running tests by hand
5014 PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
5018 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5022 =item Rational Software's Purify
5024 =item Purify on Unix
5026 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5030 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5034 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5036 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5040 =item Gprof Profiling
5042 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5044 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5046 =item Pixie Profiling
5048 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5051 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5055 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5063 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
5071 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
5077 =item To do during 5.6.x
5081 =item Support for I/O disciplines
5083 =item Autoload bytes.pm
5085 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
5087 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
5089 =item Overloadable regex assertions
5093 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
5095 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
5097 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
5099 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
5101 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
5103 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
5105 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
5107 =item Complete signal handling
5109 =item Out-of-source builds
5111 =item POSIX realtime support
5113 =item UNIX98 support
5117 =item Long double conversion
5121 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
5123 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
5125 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
5127 =item Security audit shipped utilities
5129 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
5131 =item Custom opcodes
5133 =item DLL Versioning
5135 =item Introduce @( and @)
5137 =item Floating point handling
5139 =item IV/UV preservation
5141 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
5143 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
5145 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
5147 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
5149 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
5151 =item Document Win32 choices
5153 =item Check new modules
5155 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
5159 =item To do at some point
5163 =item Remove regular expression recursion
5165 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
5167 =item bitfields in pack
5169 =item Cross compilation
5171 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
5173 =item Perl lexer in Perl
5175 =item Using POSIX calls internally
5177 =item -i rename file when changed
5179 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
5181 =item Support for rerunning debugger
5183 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
5185 =item my sub foo { }
5187 =item One-pass global destruction
5189 =item Rewrite regexp parser
5191 =item Cache recently used regexps
5193 =item Cross-compilation support
5195 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
5197 =item debugger pragma
5199 =item use less pragma
5201 =item switch structures
5203 =item Cache eval tree
5207 =item Shrink opcode tables
5209 =item Optimize away @_
5211 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
5215 =item Prototype method calls
5217 =item Return context prototype declarations
5221 =item Garbage collection
5225 =item Rewrite perldoc
5227 =item Install .3p manpages
5229 =item Unicode tutorial
5231 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
5233 =item Retargetable installation
5235 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
5237 =item Rename Win32 headers
5239 =item Finish off lvalue functions
5241 =item Update sprintf documentation
5243 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
5245 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
5247 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
5249 =item Should overload be inheritable?
5253 =item Perform correctly when XSUBs call subroutines that exit via
5254 goto(LABEL) and friends
5262 =item ref() in list context
5264 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
5266 =item Compile to real threaded code
5268 =item Structured types
5270 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
5272 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
5276 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
5280 =item foreach(reverse ...)
5282 =item Constant function cache
5284 =item Approximate regular expression matching
5292 =item Update guts documentation
5294 =item Add more tests
5296 =item Update auxiliary tools
5298 =item Create debugging macros
5300 =item truncate to the people
5302 =item Unicode in Filenames
5306 =item Unicode in %ENV
5308 =item Recently done things
5312 =item Alternative RE syntax module
5314 =item Safe signal handling
5320 =item setitimer and getimiter
5322 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
5324 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
5326 =item Explicit switch statements
5334 =item perlcc to produce executable
5336 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
5338 =item Secure temporary file module
5340 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
5342 =item Turn Cwd into XS
5344 =item Mmap for input
5346 =item Byte to/from UTF-8 and UTF-8 to/from local conversion
5348 =item Add sockatmark support
5350 =item Mailing list archives
5354 =item Integrate MacPerl
5356 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5358 =item Regular expression tutorial
5360 =item Debugging Tutorial
5362 =item Integrate new modules
5364 =item Integrate profiler
5366 =item Y2K error detection
5368 =item Regular expression debugger
5372 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5374 =item Cache precompiled modules
5378 =item Deprecated Wishes
5382 =item Loop control on do{}
5384 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5390 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5392 =item Named prototypes
5394 =item Built-in globbing
5396 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5398 =item Cached hash values
5400 =item Add compression modules
5402 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5404 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5406 =item Make XS easier to use
5408 =item Make embedding easier to use
5412 =item my $Package::variable
5414 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5416 =item "class"-based lexicals
5420 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5422 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5424 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5426 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5432 =head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
5442 B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I<module>, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f>
5443 I<perlfunc>, B<-q> I<perlfaq-search-regexp>, B<-T>, B<-d>
5444 I<destination-filename>, B<-o> I<output-formatname>, B<-M> I<module-name>,
5445 B<-w> I<option:value> or B<-w> I<option>, B<-X>,
5446 B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>, B<-n> I<some-formatter>, B<-r>, B<-i>,
5457 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5465 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5477 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5479 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5483 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5487 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.0
5493 =item Incompatible Changes
5497 =item Hash Randomisation
5499 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
5501 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
5503 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
5505 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
5507 =item The C<$*> variable has been removed
5511 =item Core Enhancements
5517 =item Defined-or operators
5519 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
5521 =item Unsafe signals again available
5523 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5527 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
5529 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5533 =item Modules and Pragmata
5537 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5539 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
5540 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
5541 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
5542 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
5543 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
5544 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
5545 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
5550 =item Utility Changes
5552 =item New Documentation
5554 =item Performance Enhancements
5556 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5560 =item Platform-specific enhancements
5564 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5568 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
5572 =item Platform-specific fixes
5576 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5580 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
5582 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
5584 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
5586 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
5588 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
5590 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
5592 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
5594 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
5596 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
5598 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
5600 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
5604 =item Changed Internals
5608 =item Known Problems
5612 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5614 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
5620 =item Platform Specific Problems
5624 =item EBCDIC Platforms
5626 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
5628 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
5630 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
5632 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
5634 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
5636 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
5642 =item Reporting Bugs
5648 =head2 perl58delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5654 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5656 =item Incompatible Changes
5660 =item Binary Incompatibility
5662 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5664 =item AIX Dynaloading
5666 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
5668 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5670 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5672 =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
5674 =item New Unicode Properties
5676 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5678 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5680 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
5686 =item Core Enhancements
5690 =item Unicode Overhaul
5692 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5696 =item Restricted Hashes
5700 =item Understanding of Numbers
5702 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
5704 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5708 =item Modules and Pragmata
5712 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5714 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5718 =item Utility Changes
5720 =item New Documentation
5722 =item Performance Enhancements
5724 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5728 =item Generic Improvements
5730 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5734 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5738 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5742 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5744 =item Changed Internals
5746 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
5750 =item Known Problems
5754 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
5756 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5758 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5760 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
5762 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5764 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5766 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
5768 =item PDL failing some tests
5772 =item Self-tying Problems
5774 =item ext/threads/t/libc
5776 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5778 =item Timing problems
5780 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
5782 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
5786 =item Platform Specific Problems
5792 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
5798 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
5800 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
5802 =item DJGPP Failures
5804 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
5806 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
5808 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
5810 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5812 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
5814 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5818 =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
5820 =item OS/2 Test Failures
5822 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5828 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
5830 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
5832 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
5844 =item XML::Parser not working
5848 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5850 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5854 =item Reporting Bugs
5862 =head2 perl581delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.1
5868 =item Incompatible Changes
5872 =item Hash Randomisation
5874 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
5876 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
5878 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
5880 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
5884 =item Core Enhancements
5888 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
5890 =item Unsafe signals again available
5892 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5896 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
5898 =item Deprecation Warnings
5900 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5904 =item Modules and Pragmata
5908 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5910 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
5911 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
5912 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
5913 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
5914 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
5915 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
5916 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
5921 =item Utility Changes
5923 =item New Documentation
5925 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5929 =item Platform-specific enhancements
5933 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5937 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
5941 =item Platform-specific fixes
5945 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5949 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
5951 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
5953 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
5955 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
5957 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
5959 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
5961 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
5963 =item New "Pseudo-hashes are deprecated"
5965 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
5967 =item New "5.005 threads are deprecated"
5969 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
5971 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
5973 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
5977 =item Changed Internals
5981 =item Known Problems
5985 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5987 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
5993 =item Platform Specific Problems
5997 =item EBCDIC Platforms
5999 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
6001 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
6003 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
6005 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
6007 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
6009 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
6013 =item Future Directions
6015 =item Reporting Bugs
6021 =head2 perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
6029 =item Reporting Bugs
6037 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
6043 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6045 =item Incompatible Changes
6049 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
6051 =item AIX Dynaloading
6053 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
6055 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
6061 =item Core Enhancements
6063 =item Modules and Pragmata
6067 =item New Modules and Distributions
6069 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6073 =item Utility Changes
6075 =item New Documentation
6077 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6081 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6083 =item Generic Improvements
6087 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6091 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6095 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6097 =item Source Code Enhancements
6101 =item MAGIC constants
6103 =item Better commented code
6105 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
6113 =item Known Problems
6119 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
6121 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6123 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
6125 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
6127 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
6129 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6133 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
6135 =item Failure of Thread tests
6145 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
6147 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6149 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
6151 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6153 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6155 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
6159 =item Reporting Bugs
6167 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
6173 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6175 =item Incompatible Changes
6177 =item Core Enhancements
6181 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
6183 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
6185 =item Signals Are Now Safe
6189 =item Modules and Pragmata
6195 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6199 =item Performance Enhancements
6201 =item Utility Changes
6203 =item New Documentation
6219 =item README.solaris
6223 =item Porting/repository.pod
6227 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6231 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6233 =item Generic Improvements
6235 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
6236 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
6237 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
6241 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6245 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6249 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6251 =item Changed Internals
6255 =item Known Problems
6259 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
6261 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6263 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6265 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6269 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6271 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
6273 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
6275 =item Failure of Thread tests
6277 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
6279 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6281 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6283 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6287 =item Reporting Bugs
6295 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
6301 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6303 =item Incompatible Changes
6305 =item Core Enhancements
6307 =item Modules and Pragmata
6313 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6317 =item Utility Changes
6319 =item New Documentation
6321 =item Performance Enhancements
6323 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6327 =item Generic Improvements
6331 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6335 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6339 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6341 =item Changed Internals
6343 =item Known Problems
6347 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
6349 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
6351 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6353 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6355 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6357 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
6359 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6361 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
6363 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
6365 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6369 =item Reporting Bugs
6377 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
6383 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
6387 =item Security Issues
6389 =item Core bug fixes
6391 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
6392 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
6393 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
6394 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
6395 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
6396 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
6401 =item Configuration issues
6405 =item Bundled modules
6407 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
6408 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
6409 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
6410 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
6412 =item Platform-specific improvements
6414 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
6418 =item Core Enhancements
6422 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6424 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6426 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6428 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6430 =item "our" declarations
6432 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6434 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6436 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6438 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6440 =item open() with more than two arguments
6442 =item 64-bit support
6444 =item Large file support
6450 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6452 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6454 =item File globbing implemented internally
6456 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6458 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6460 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6462 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6464 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6466 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6468 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6470 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6472 =item Comments in pack() templates
6474 =item Weak references
6476 =item Binary numbers supported
6478 =item Lvalue subroutines
6480 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6482 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6484 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6486 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6488 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6490 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6492 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6494 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6496 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6498 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6500 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6502 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6504 =item Improved diagnostics
6506 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6508 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6510 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6512 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6514 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6516 =item Improved security features
6518 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6520 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6522 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6524 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6526 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6528 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6530 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6534 =item Modules and Pragmata
6540 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6541 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6542 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6543 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6544 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6545 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6546 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6547 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6553 =item Utility Changes
6567 =item The Perl Debugger
6571 =item Improved Documentation
6573 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6574 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6575 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6576 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6578 =item Performance enhancements
6582 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6584 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6586 =item Faster subroutine calls
6588 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6592 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6596 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6598 =item New Configure flags
6600 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6606 =item -Duselargefiles
6608 =item installusrbinperl
6614 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6616 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6620 =item Platform specific changes
6624 =item Supported platforms
6628 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6636 =item Significant bug fixes
6640 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6642 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6644 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6646 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6648 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6650 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6652 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6654 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6656 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6658 =item Locale bugs fixed
6662 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6664 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6666 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6668 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6672 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6674 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6675 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6676 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6677 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6678 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6679 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6680 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6681 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6682 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6683 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6684 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6685 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6686 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6687 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6688 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6689 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6690 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6691 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6692 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6693 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6694 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6695 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6696 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6697 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6698 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6699 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6700 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6701 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6702 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6703 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6704 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6705 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6706 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6707 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6708 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6709 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6710 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6711 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6712 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6713 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6714 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6715 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6716 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6717 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6718 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6719 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6720 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6721 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6722 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6723 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6727 =item Incompatible Changes
6731 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6733 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6734 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6735 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6736 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6737 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6738 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6739 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6740 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6741 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6742 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6743 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6745 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6747 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6749 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6751 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6753 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6757 =item Known Problems
6761 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6763 =item Known test failures
6765 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6767 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6769 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6771 =item Experimental features
6773 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6774 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6775 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6779 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6781 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6782 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6783 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6784 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6786 =item Reporting Bugs
6794 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6800 =item Core Enhancements
6804 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6806 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6808 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6810 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6812 =item "our" declarations
6814 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6816 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6818 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6820 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6822 =item open() with more than two arguments
6824 =item 64-bit support
6826 =item Large file support
6832 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6834 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6836 =item File globbing implemented internally
6838 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6840 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6842 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6844 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6846 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6848 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6850 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6852 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6854 =item Comments in pack() templates
6856 =item Weak references
6858 =item Binary numbers supported
6860 =item Lvalue subroutines
6862 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6864 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6866 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6868 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6870 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6872 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6874 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6876 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6878 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6880 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6882 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6884 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6886 =item Improved diagnostics
6888 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6890 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6892 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6894 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6896 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6898 =item Improved security features
6900 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6902 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6904 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6906 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6908 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6910 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6912 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6916 =item Modules and Pragmata
6922 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6923 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6924 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6925 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6926 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6927 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6928 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6929 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6935 =item Utility Changes
6949 =item The Perl Debugger
6953 =item Improved Documentation
6955 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6956 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6957 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6958 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6960 =item Performance enhancements
6964 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6966 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6968 =item Faster subroutine calls
6970 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6974 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6978 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6980 =item New Configure flags
6982 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6988 =item -Duselargefiles
6990 =item installusrbinperl
6996 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
7000 =item Platform specific changes
7004 =item Supported platforms
7008 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
7016 =item Significant bug fixes
7020 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
7022 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
7024 =item All compilation errors are true errors
7026 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
7028 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
7030 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
7032 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
7034 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
7036 =item Failures in DESTROY()
7038 =item Locale bugs fixed
7042 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
7044 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
7046 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
7048 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
7052 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7054 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
7055 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
7056 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
7057 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
7058 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
7059 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
7060 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
7061 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
7062 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
7063 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
7064 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
7065 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
7066 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
7067 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
7068 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
7069 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
7070 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
7071 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
7072 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
7073 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
7074 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
7075 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
7076 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
7077 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
7078 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
7079 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
7080 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
7081 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
7082 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
7083 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
7084 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
7085 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
7086 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
7087 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
7088 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
7089 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
7090 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
7091 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
7092 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
7093 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
7094 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
7095 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
7096 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
7097 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
7098 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
7099 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
7100 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
7101 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
7102 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
7103 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
7107 =item Incompatible Changes
7111 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
7113 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
7114 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
7115 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
7116 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
7117 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
7118 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
7119 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
7120 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
7121 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
7122 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
7123 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
7125 =item C Source Incompatibilities
7127 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
7129 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
7131 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
7133 =item Binary Incompatibilities
7137 =item Known Problems
7141 =item Thread test failures
7143 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
7145 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
7147 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
7149 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
7152 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
7154 =item Arrow operator and arrays
7156 =item Experimental features
7158 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
7159 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
7160 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
7164 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7166 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
7167 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
7168 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
7169 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
7171 =item Reporting Bugs
7179 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
7185 =item About the new versioning system
7187 =item Incompatible Changes
7191 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
7193 =item Default installation structure has changed
7195 =item Perl Source Compatibility
7197 =item C Source Compatibility
7199 =item Binary Compatibility
7201 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
7203 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
7217 =item Regular Expressions
7219 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
7220 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
7221 improvements, Incompatible changes
7223 =item Improved malloc()
7225 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
7227 =item Reliable signals
7229 =item Reliable stack pointers
7231 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
7235 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
7237 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
7239 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
7241 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
7243 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
7245 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
7247 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
7249 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
7251 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
7253 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
7255 =item Better locale support
7257 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
7259 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
7261 =item Extended support for exception handling
7263 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
7265 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
7267 =item New C<INIT> keyword
7269 =item New C<lock> keyword
7271 =item New C<qr//> operator
7273 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
7275 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
7277 =item Tied handles support is better
7279 =item 4th argument to substr
7281 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
7283 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
7285 =item <> now reads in records
7289 =item Supported Platforms
7295 =item Changes in existing support
7299 =item Modules and Pragmata
7305 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
7306 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
7307 Thread, attrs, fields, re
7309 =item Changes in existing modules
7311 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
7312 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
7316 =item Utility Changes
7318 =item Documentation Changes
7320 =item New Diagnostics
7322 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
7323 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
7324 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
7325 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
7326 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
7327 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
7328 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
7329 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
7330 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
7331 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
7332 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
7333 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
7334 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
7335 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
7336 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
7337 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
7338 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
7340 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7342 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
7343 temporary file, regexp too big
7345 =item Configuration Changes
7355 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
7361 =item Supported Environments
7367 =item List assignment to %ENV works
7369 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
7371 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
7373 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
7375 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
7377 =item More precise warnings
7379 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
7381 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
7383 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
7385 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
7387 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
7389 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
7391 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
7393 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
7395 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
7397 =item Changes to tainting checks
7399 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
7400 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
7402 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
7404 =item Embedding improvements
7406 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
7408 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
7410 =item New and changed syntax
7414 =item New and changed builtin constants
7418 =item New and changed builtin variables
7422 =item New and changed builtin functions
7424 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
7425 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
7426 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
7427 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
7428 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
7430 =item New builtin methods
7432 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
7434 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
7436 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
7437 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
7439 =item Malloc enhancements
7441 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
7443 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
7447 =item Support for More Operating Systems
7463 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
7464 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
7470 =item Required Updates
7472 =item Installation directories
7474 =item Module information summary
7488 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
7492 =item Utility Changes
7498 Sends converted HTML to standard output
7502 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
7506 =item C Language API Changes
7508 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
7511 =item Documentation Changes
7513 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
7514 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
7516 =item New Diagnostics
7518 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
7519 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
7520 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
7521 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
7522 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
7523 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
7524 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
7525 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
7526 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
7527 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
7528 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
7529 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
7530 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
7531 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
7532 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
7533 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
7534 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
7535 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
7536 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
7537 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
7538 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
7539 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
7540 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
7541 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
7542 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
7552 =head2 perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License
7560 =item The "Artistic License"
7568 "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Reasonable
7569 copying fee", "Freely Available"
7573 a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)
7579 =head2 perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2
7591 =item GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
7595 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
7603 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
7607 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
7609 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
7611 =item The usenm option
7613 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
7615 =item Using Large Files with Perl
7621 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
7631 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7647 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7649 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7651 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7653 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7659 =item Accessing documentation
7663 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7665 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7667 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7669 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7673 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7677 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7679 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7681 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7683 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7685 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7689 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
7697 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
7707 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7715 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7717 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7721 =item Contact Information
7723 =item Update 2002-05-30
7729 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7739 =item gzip on BS2000
7741 =item bison on BS2000
7743 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7745 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7747 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7749 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7751 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7753 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7755 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7757 =item Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions
7787 Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's
7788 celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources
7792 go to ./wince subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run compile.bat, run
7797 =item Acknowledgements
7803 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7809 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7813 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7815 =item Cygwin Configuration
7817 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7821 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7825 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7827 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7829 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7830 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
7832 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7834 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7835 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7838 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7840 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7844 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7848 =item Errors on Cygwin
7854 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7858 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7860 =item NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
7862 =item C<fork()> failures in io_* tests
7864 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7866 Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, F<.exe>, C<chown()>, Miscellaneous
7870 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7872 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7874 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7875 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7877 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7885 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7897 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7901 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7903 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7905 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7907 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7917 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7927 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7931 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7933 =item Building Perl on DOS
7935 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7937 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7941 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7945 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7947 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7949 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7951 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7961 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7969 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7971 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7975 =item Editors on Epoc
7977 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7979 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7981 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7985 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7993 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
8001 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
8003 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
8005 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
8013 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
8022 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
8024 =item Using perl from HP's porting centre
8026 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
8038 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
8040 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
8042 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
8044 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
8046 =item The GNU C Compiler
8048 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
8050 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
8052 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
8054 =item Oracle on HP-UX
8056 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
8058 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
8060 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
8062 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
8066 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8074 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
8082 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
8090 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
8098 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
8100 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
8102 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
8104 =item Linker Problems in Irix
8106 =item Malloc in Irix
8108 =item Building with threads in Irix
8118 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
8127 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
8129 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
8131 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
8133 =item Building external modules on MachTen
8143 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
8157 =head2 perlmacosx, README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X
8167 =item Installation Prefix
8169 =item libperl and Prebinding
8171 =item Updating Panther
8173 =item Known problems
8183 =item Starting From Scratch
8191 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
8197 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
8203 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
8211 =item Binary distribution from HP
8213 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
8215 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
8217 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
8219 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
8221 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
8223 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
8224 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
8226 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
8230 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
8232 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
8234 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
8236 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
8238 =item Perl/iX Change History
8254 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
8266 =item Build new extensions
8268 =item Acknowledgements
8276 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
8296 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
8298 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
8300 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
8304 =item Frequently asked questions
8308 =item "It does not work"
8310 =item I cannot run external programs
8312 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
8315 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
8318 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
8320 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
8328 =item Automatic binary installation
8330 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
8332 =item Manual binary installation
8334 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
8335 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
8336 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
8337 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
8338 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
8344 =item Accessing documentation
8348 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
8356 =item GNU C<info> files
8368 =item The short story
8372 =item Getting perl source
8374 =item Application of the patches
8382 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
8385 =item Installing the built perl
8387 =item C<a.out>-style build
8395 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
8397 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
8399 =item Problems with tr or sed
8401 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
8403 =item Library ... not found
8405 =item Segfault in make
8407 =item op/sprintf test failure
8411 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
8415 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
8419 =item C<extproc> on the first line
8421 =item Additional modules:
8423 =item Prebuilt methods:
8425 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
8426 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
8427 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
8428 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
8429 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
8430 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
8431 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
8432 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
8433 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
8434 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
8435 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
8436 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
8438 =item Prebuilt variables:
8440 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
8447 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
8450 =item Identifying DLLs
8452 =item Centralized management of resources
8454 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
8455 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
8456 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
8457 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
8471 =item F<perl___.exe>
8473 =item Why strange names?
8475 =item Why dynamic linking?
8477 =item Why chimera build?
8485 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
8487 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
8489 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
8491 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
8493 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
8495 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
8503 =item Text-mode filehandles
8507 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
8509 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
8511 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
8514 =item DLL forwarder generation
8518 =item Calls to external programs
8520 =item Memory allocation
8524 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
8540 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
8553 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
8555 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
8557 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
8559 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
8561 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8563 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8565 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8567 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
8569 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8571 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
8581 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
8589 =head2 perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400
8597 =item Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE
8599 =item Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE
8601 =item Using Perl in OS/400 PASE
8603 =item Known Problems
8613 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
8623 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
8625 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
8627 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
8629 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
8633 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
8637 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
8649 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
8657 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
8659 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
8661 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
8663 =item QNX auxiliary files
8667 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
8675 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
8683 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
8689 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
8695 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
8697 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
8699 =item Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris
8703 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
8707 =item 64-bit perl on Solaris.
8709 =item Threads in perl on Solaris.
8711 =item Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.
8715 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
8717 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
8718 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
8719 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
8725 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
8727 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8731 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
8733 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
8737 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
8741 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
8743 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
8747 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
8749 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
8751 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
8763 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
8764 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
8772 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
8774 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
8776 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
8778 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
8780 =item DB_File tests failing on Tru64
8782 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
8784 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
8788 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
8790 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
8792 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
8798 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
8806 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
8808 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
8814 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
8824 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
8826 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8828 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
8830 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
8832 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
8842 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
8848 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
8856 =item Organization of Perl Images
8862 =item Perl Extensions
8864 =item Installing static extensions
8866 =item Installing dynamic extensions
8870 =item File specifications
8876 =item Wildcard expansion
8882 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8888 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8890 =item Command line switches
8896 =item Perl functions
8898 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
8899 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
8900 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
8901 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
8903 =item Perl variables
8905 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
8907 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
8921 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
8927 =item BUILDING PERL FOR VOS
8929 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
8931 =item USING PERL IN VOS
8935 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
8937 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
8943 =item SUPPORT STATUS
8951 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
8961 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
8963 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
8964 SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW32 with gcc, MinGW release 1
8968 =item Testing Perl on Win32
8970 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
8972 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
8974 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
8975 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
8976 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
8978 =item Running Perl Scripts
8980 Miscellaneous Things
8984 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
8988 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
8989 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
8990 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8998 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
9000 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
9012 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
9022 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
9023 data structures between threads
9035 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
9036 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9048 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9057 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9058 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
9059 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
9063 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9069 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
9070 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
9072 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9078 =head2 assertions - select assertions in blocks of code
9090 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
9094 =head2 assertions::activate - activate assertions
9106 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
9110 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
9120 =item Built-in Attributes
9122 locked, method, lvalue
9124 =item Available Subroutines
9128 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
9130 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
9132 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
9140 =item Default exports
9142 =item Available exports
9144 =item Export tags defined
9154 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
9170 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
9186 =head2 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
9198 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
9202 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
9224 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
9236 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
9242 inf(), NaN(), upgrade()
9246 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
9264 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
9288 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
9289 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
9290 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
9291 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
9292 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
9302 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
9316 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
9331 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
9340 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
9342 =item CUSTOM ALIASES
9346 =item Anonymous hashes
9350 =item Alias shortcut
9354 =item charnames::viacode(code)
9356 =item charnames::vianame(name)
9360 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
9366 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
9378 =item List constants
9380 =item Defining multiple constants at once
9382 =item Magic constants
9386 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
9396 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
9407 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
9409 =item The I<splain> Program
9423 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
9433 =item Literal Conversions
9435 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
9439 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
9441 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
9445 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
9446 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
9448 =item The Filter Option
9452 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
9462 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
9464 =item tr/// with ranges
9466 Legend of characters above
9470 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
9472 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
9474 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
9482 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
9496 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
9506 =item subpragma access
9512 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
9526 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
9537 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
9547 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
9557 =item Adding directories to @INC
9559 =item Deleting directories from @INC
9561 =item Restoring original @INC
9575 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
9586 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
9594 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
9596 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
9602 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
9614 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
9624 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
9626 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
9628 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
9630 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
9632 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
9634 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
9636 =item Overloadable Operations
9638 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
9639 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
9640 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
9642 =item Inheritance and overloading
9644 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
9645 is inherited by derived classes
9649 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
9657 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
9659 =item Copy Constructor
9665 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
9667 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
9668 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
9669 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
9672 =item Losing overloading
9674 =item Run-time Overloading
9676 =item Public functions
9678 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
9680 =item Overloading constants
9682 integer, float, binary, q, qr
9684 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9686 =item Metaphor clash
9692 =item Two-face scalars
9694 =item Two-face references
9696 =item Symbolic calculator
9698 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
9706 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
9707 type, `%s' is not a code reference
9713 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
9725 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
9727 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
9731 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
9735 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
9743 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
9755 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
9763 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
9769 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
9779 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
9780 structures between threads
9792 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
9793 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9805 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
9816 =item Utility functions
9818 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::downgrade($string[,
9819 FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), utf8::decode($string), $flag =
9820 utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)
9830 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
9840 =head2 version - Perl extension for Version Objects
9850 =item What IS a version
9852 Numeric Versions, V-String Versions
9854 =item Numeric Versions
9856 =item V-String Versions
9858 =item Object Methods
9860 New Operator, Stringification, Numification, Comparison operators, Logical
9865 =item Types of Versions Objects
9867 Ordinary versions, alpha versions
9869 =item Replacement UNIVERSAL::VERSION
9881 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
9889 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
9893 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
9901 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
9902 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
9903 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
9904 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
9905 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
9909 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
9919 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
9921 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
9931 =item DBM Comparisons
9941 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
9951 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
9955 =item Typed lexicals
9957 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
9959 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
9961 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
9963 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
9971 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
9972 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
9973 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
9974 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
9975 be able to apply END handler>
9985 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
9995 =item Subroutine Stubs
9997 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9999 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
10001 =item Package Lexicals
10003 =item Not Using AutoLoader
10005 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
10015 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
10023 $keep, $check, $modtime
10027 =item Multiple packages
10035 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
10045 =item Utility Functions
10049 =item Functions Returning C<B::SV>, C<B::AV>, C<B::HV>, and C<B::CV>
10052 sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av,
10053 check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv
10055 =item Functions for Examining the Symbol Table
10057 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)
10059 =item Functions Returning C<B::OP> objects or for walking op trees
10061 main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)
10063 =item Miscellaneous Utility Functions
10065 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
10066 perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
10070 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
10074 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
10076 =item B::SV Methods
10078 REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref
10080 =item B::IV Methods
10082 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
10084 =item B::NV Methods
10088 =item B::RV Methods
10092 =item B::PV Methods
10096 =item B::PVMG Methods
10100 =item B::MAGIC Methods
10102 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
10104 =item B::PVLV Methods
10106 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
10108 =item B::BM Methods
10110 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
10112 =item B::GV Methods
10114 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
10115 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
10117 =item B::IO Methods
10119 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
10120 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
10122 =item B::AV Methods
10124 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, AvFLAGS
10126 =item B::CV Methods
10128 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB,
10129 XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
10131 =item B::HV Methods
10133 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
10135 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
10137 =item B::OP Methods
10139 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
10141 =item B::UNOP METHOD
10145 =item B::BINOP METHOD
10149 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
10153 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
10157 =item B::PMOP Methods
10159 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
10160 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset
10162 =item B::SVOP METHOD
10166 =item B::PADOP METHOD
10170 =item B::PVOP METHOD
10174 =item B::LOOP Methods
10176 redoop, nextop, lastop
10178 =item B::COP Methods
10180 label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io
10188 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
10197 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
10203 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
10215 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10235 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
10247 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
10257 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
10267 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
10268 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
10269 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
10280 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
10290 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
10291 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
10292 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
10304 =item Context of ".."
10308 =item Deprecated features
10316 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
10328 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
10329 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
10330 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
10332 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
10334 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
10335 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
10336 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
10337 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
10338 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
10339 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
10340 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
10341 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
10343 =item ABBREVIATIONS
10347 =item OP flags abbreviations
10349 =item OP class abbreviations
10353 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
10359 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
10371 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
10381 B<-d>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
10382 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
10384 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
10394 =item ambient_pragmas
10396 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
10408 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
10420 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
10428 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
10430 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<bare-subs>,
10431 B<dollar-underscore>, B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>,
10432 B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
10434 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
10444 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
10454 =item IMPLEMENTATION
10462 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
10474 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
10486 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
10488 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
10500 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
10510 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
10518 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10538 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
10552 =item Standard Exports
10554 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
10555 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
10556 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
10558 =item Optional Exports
10560 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [
10561 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
10562 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
10564 =item :hireswallclock
10580 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
10584 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
10598 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
10610 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
10620 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
10632 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
10634 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
10636 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
10638 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
10640 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
10642 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
10644 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
10646 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
10648 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
10650 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
10652 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
10654 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
10656 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
10658 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
10660 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
10662 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
10664 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
10666 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
10667 B<:standard>, B<:all>
10671 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
10672 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
10675 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
10677 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
10678 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
10683 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
10687 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
10689 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
10691 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
10693 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
10695 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
10697 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
10699 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
10701 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
10702 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
10704 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
10708 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
10712 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
10714 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
10716 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
10718 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
10720 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
10722 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
10723 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
10725 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
10729 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
10733 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
10735 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
10737 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
10739 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
10743 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
10745 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
10747 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
10751 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
10753 =item CREATING AN OPTION GROUP
10755 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
10759 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
10763 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
10767 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
10771 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
10775 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
10777 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
10779 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
10783 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
10785 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
10786 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
10788 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
10794 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
10795 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
10797 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
10799 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
10800 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
10803 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
10809 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
10813 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
10815 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
10816 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
10817 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
10818 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
10819 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
10820 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
10822 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
10824 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
10829 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
10831 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
10833 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
10834 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
10836 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
10838 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10842 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
10843 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
10844 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
10845 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
10846 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
10847 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
10848 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
10849 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
10850 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
10851 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
10852 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
10853 ...and many many more..
10855 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
10863 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
10873 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10881 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
10890 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
10892 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
10896 =item Changing the default message
10900 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
10902 =item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
10910 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
10918 =item USING CGI::Cookie
10920 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
10924 =item Creating New Cookies
10926 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
10928 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
10930 =item Manipulating Cookies
10932 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
10936 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10944 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
10952 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
10954 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
10956 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
10958 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
10960 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
10962 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
10966 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10974 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
10984 =item Tags that won't be formatted
10986 =item Customizing the Indenting
10998 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
11006 =item USING CGI::Push
11008 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
11012 =item Heterogeneous Pages
11014 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
11018 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
11020 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11028 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
11038 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11046 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
11054 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11060 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
11072 =item Interactive Mode
11074 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
11075 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
11076 distribution, ls author, Signals
11084 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
11086 =item Programmer's interface
11088 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
11090 =item Methods in the other Classes
11092 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
11093 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
11094 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
11095 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
11096 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
11097 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
11098 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
11099 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
11100 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
11101 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
11102 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
11103 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
11104 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
11105 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
11106 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
11107 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
11108 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
11109 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
11110 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
11111 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
11112 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
11113 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
11114 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
11115 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
11116 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
11117 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
11119 =item Cache Manager
11123 =item Prerequisites
11125 =item Finding packages and VERSION
11129 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
11133 =item CONFIGURATION
11135 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
11136 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
11137 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
11138 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
11142 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
11144 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
11152 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
11154 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
11158 =item Three basic types of firewalls
11160 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
11162 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
11168 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
11180 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
11190 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
11203 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
11213 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
11221 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
11223 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
11233 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
11234 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
11235 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
11237 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
11245 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
11255 =item The C<struct()> function
11257 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
11259 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
11261 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
11262 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
11264 =item Initializing with C<new>
11270 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
11272 =item Author and Modification History
11276 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
11284 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names)
11296 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
11300 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
11301 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
11302 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
11303 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
11307 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
11311 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
11312 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
11313 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
11314 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
11315 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
11316 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
11317 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
11321 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_aintl>, C<d_alarm>,
11322 C<d_archlib>, C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>,
11323 C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>,
11324 C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>,
11325 C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>,
11326 C<d_const>, C<d_copysignl>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>,
11327 C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>,
11328 C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>,
11329 C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>,
11330 C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>,
11331 C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>,
11332 C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>,
11333 C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_faststdio>, C<d_fchdir>,
11334 C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>,
11335 C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>,
11336 C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>,
11337 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>,
11338 C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>,
11339 C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>,
11340 C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>,
11341 C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>,
11342 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
11343 C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>, C<d_gethostent_r>,
11344 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getlogin_r>,
11345 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
11346 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>, C<d_getnetent_r>,
11347 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
11348 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
11349 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>, C<d_getprotobynumber_r>,
11350 C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
11351 C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>, C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>,
11352 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>,
11353 C<d_getservent_r>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>,
11354 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
11355 C<d_htonl>, C<d_ilogbl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>,
11356 C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
11357 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>,
11358 C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>,
11359 C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>,
11360 C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>,
11361 C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>,
11362 C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_modflproto>,
11363 C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>,
11364 C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>,
11365 C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>,
11366 C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>,
11367 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
11368 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
11369 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
11370 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
11371 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
11372 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
11373 C<d_pthread_attr_setscope>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
11374 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
11375 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
11376 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
11377 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
11378 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_scalbnl>, C<d_sched_yield>,
11379 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
11380 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
11381 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
11382 C<d_setgrent_r>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>,
11383 C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>,
11384 C<d_setnent>, C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
11385 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>,
11386 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
11387 C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
11388 C<d_setservent_r>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
11389 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
11390 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
11391 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
11392 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>,
11393 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
11394 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
11395 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
11396 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
11397 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>,
11398 C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>,
11399 C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
11400 C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
11401 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
11402 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
11403 C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>, C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>,
11404 C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
11405 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
11406 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
11407 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vendorscript>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
11408 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
11409 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
11410 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
11411 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
11412 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
11416 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
11417 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
11418 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
11419 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
11423 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
11424 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
11429 C<gccansipedantic>, C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>,
11430 C<getgrgid_r_proto>, C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>,
11431 C<gethostbyname_r_proto>, C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>,
11432 C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>, C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>,
11433 C<getprotobyname_r_proto>, C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>,
11434 C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>, C<getpwnam_r_proto>,
11435 C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>, C<getservbyport_r_proto>,
11436 C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>,
11437 C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<gmtime_r_proto>,
11438 C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
11442 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<html1dir>, C<html1direxp>,
11443 C<html3dir>, C<html3direxp>
11447 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
11448 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
11449 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
11450 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
11451 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
11452 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
11453 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
11454 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
11455 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
11456 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
11457 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
11458 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
11459 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
11460 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
11461 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
11462 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
11463 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
11464 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
11465 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installhtml1dir>,
11466 C<installhtml3dir>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>,
11467 C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
11468 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitehtml1dir>,
11469 C<installsitehtml3dir>, C<installsitelib>, C<installsiteman1dir>,
11470 C<installsiteman3dir>, C<installsitescript>, C<installstyle>,
11471 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
11472 C<installvendorhtml1dir>, C<installvendorhtml3dir>, C<installvendorlib>,
11473 C<installvendorman1dir>, C<installvendorman3dir>, C<installvendorscript>,
11474 C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
11478 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
11482 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
11483 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
11484 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
11485 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
11486 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
11487 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
11492 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
11493 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
11494 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
11498 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mistrustnm>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>,
11499 C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>,
11504 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
11505 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
11506 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
11507 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
11508 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
11512 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
11513 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
11517 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
11518 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
11522 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
11523 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
11524 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
11525 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
11529 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
11533 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
11534 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
11535 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
11539 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
11540 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
11541 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
11542 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
11543 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
11544 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
11545 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
11546 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitehtml1dir>, C<sitehtml1direxp>, C<sitehtml3dir>,
11547 C<sitehtml3direxp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>,
11548 C<siteman1dir>, C<siteman1direxp>, C<siteman3dir>, C<siteman3direxp>,
11549 C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sitescript>, C<sitescriptexp>,
11550 C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>,
11551 C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>,
11552 C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>,
11553 C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>,
11554 C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>, C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>,
11555 C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>,
11556 C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>,
11557 C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>,
11558 C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
11562 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
11563 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
11568 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
11569 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
11570 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
11571 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<usefaststdio>,
11572 C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>,
11573 C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>,
11574 C<useposix>, C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>,
11575 C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>,
11576 C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>,
11581 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
11582 C<vendorhtml1dir>, C<vendorhtml1direxp>, C<vendorhtml3dir>,
11583 C<vendorhtml3direxp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>,
11584 C<vendorman1dir>, C<vendorman1direxp>, C<vendorman3dir>,
11585 C<vendorman3direxp>, C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<vendorscript>,
11586 C<vendorscriptexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
11587 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
11591 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
11595 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
11607 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
11617 =item getcwd and friends
11619 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
11621 =item abs_path and friends
11623 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
11635 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
11647 =item Global Variables
11649 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
11650 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
11655 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
11656 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
11658 =item Client Callback Methods
11660 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
11661 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
11662 CLIENT->output(LIST)
11672 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
11680 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
11684 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
11686 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
11688 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
11690 =item Default Parameters
11692 =item In Memory Databases
11700 =item A Simple Example
11708 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
11710 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
11712 =item The get_dup() Method
11714 =item The find_dup() Method
11716 =item The del_dup() Method
11718 =item Matching Partial Keys
11726 =item The 'bval' Option
11728 =item A Simple Example
11730 =item Extra RECNO Methods
11732 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
11733 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
11734 length, elements);>
11736 =item Another Example
11740 =item THE API INTERFACE
11742 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
11743 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
11744 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
11745 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
11749 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
11750 B<filter_fetch_value>
11756 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
11758 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
11762 =item HINTS AND TIPS
11766 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
11768 =item Safe ways to lock a database
11770 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
11772 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
11774 =item The untie() Gotcha
11778 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
11782 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
11784 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
11786 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
11788 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
11808 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
11809 printing and C<eval>
11821 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
11822 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
11823 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
11830 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
11856 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
11864 =item PROFILE FORMAT
11876 =head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability
11898 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
11908 =item Runtime debugging
11910 =item Memory footprint debugging
11918 =item A simple scalar string
11920 =item A simple scalar number
11922 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
11924 =item A reference to a simple scalar
11926 =item A reference to an array
11928 =item A reference to a hash
11930 =item Dumping a large array or hash
11932 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
11934 =item A reference to a subroutine
11948 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
11958 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
11966 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
11970 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
11971 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset,
11972 $ctx->add($data,...), $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest,
11973 $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
11981 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
11991 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
11995 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...),
11996 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
12008 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
12020 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
12032 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
12033 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
12034 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
12039 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
12040 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
12046 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
12054 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
12055 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
12056 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(), dl_find_symbol(),
12057 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
12064 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
12075 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
12077 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
12081 =item Order of initialization: early load()
12085 =item The most hairy case
12095 =head2 Encode - character encodings
12103 =item Table of Contents
12115 =item PERL ENCODING API
12117 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
12118 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
12119 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
12124 =item Listing available encodings
12126 =item Defining Aliases
12130 =item Encoding via PerlIO
12132 =item Handling Malformed Data
12134 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
12135 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
12136 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
12137 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
12142 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
12146 =item Defining Encodings
12148 =item The UTF-8 flag
12150 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
12154 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
12156 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
12166 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
12174 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
12179 =item Alias overloading
12187 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
12201 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
12203 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
12219 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
12221 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
12223 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
12237 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
12247 =item Methods you should implement
12249 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
12250 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
12252 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
12254 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
12256 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
12260 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
12264 =item Compiled Encodings
12270 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
12274 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
12284 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
12285 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
12286 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
12296 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
12306 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
12314 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
12316 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
12318 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
12332 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
12334 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
12350 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
12356 =item How does it work?
12358 =item Line Buffering
12362 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
12370 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
12378 =item Encoding Names
12382 =item Supported Encodings
12386 =item Built-in Encodings
12388 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
12390 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
12392 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
12393 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
12395 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
12397 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
12398 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
12399 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
12401 =item Miscellaneous encodings
12403 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
12407 =item Unsupported encodings
12409 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
12410 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
12411 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
12412 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
12414 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
12416 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
12420 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
12422 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
12428 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
12429 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
12436 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
12437 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
12441 =item Other Notable Sites
12443 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
12444 "Introduction to i18n"
12446 =item Offline sources
12448 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
12454 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
12468 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
12484 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
12492 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
12494 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
12500 =item by endianness
12502 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
12506 =item Surrogate Pairs
12512 =head2 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding
12526 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
12535 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
12540 =item Alias overloading
12548 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
12549 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
12551 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
12554 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
12557 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
12558 Implementation Base Class
12568 =item Methods you should implement
12570 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
12571 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
12573 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
12575 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
12577 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
12581 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
12585 =item Compiled Encodings
12591 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
12595 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
12606 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
12607 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
12608 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
12618 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
12619 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
12621 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
12624 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
12627 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
12628 and 'Q' header encoding
12644 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
12645 on Encode and PerlIO
12651 =item How does it work?
12653 =item Line Buffering
12657 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
12665 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
12666 supported by Encode
12674 =item Encoding Names
12678 =item Supported Encodings
12682 =item Built-in Encodings
12684 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
12686 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
12688 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
12689 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
12691 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
12693 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
12694 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
12695 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
12697 =item Miscellaneous encodings
12699 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
12703 =item Unsupported encodings
12705 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
12706 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
12707 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
12708 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
12710 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
12712 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
12716 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
12718 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
12724 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
12725 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
12732 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
12733 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
12737 =item Other Notable Sites
12739 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
12740 "Introduction to i18n"
12742 =item Offline sources
12744 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
12750 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7
12765 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12777 =item Predefined Methods
12779 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12780 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12781 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12783 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12785 =item Operator Overloading
12793 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
12794 non-ascii or non-utf8
12804 =item Literal Conversions
12806 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
12810 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
12812 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
12816 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
12817 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
12819 =item The Filter Option
12823 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
12833 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
12835 =item tr/// with ranges
12837 Legend of characters above
12841 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
12843 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
12845 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
12853 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12865 =item Predefined Methods
12867 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12868 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12869 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12871 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12873 =item Operator Overloading
12881 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
12894 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
12909 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
12925 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
12935 =item How to Export
12937 =item Selecting What To Export
12939 =item How to Import
12941 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
12945 =item Advanced features
12949 =item Specialised Import Lists
12951 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
12953 =item Module Version Checking
12955 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
12957 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
12959 =item Generating combined tags
12961 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
12967 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
12977 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
12998 mv source... destination
13000 cp source... destination
13020 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
13034 B<warn_if_old_packlist>
13036 B<perllocal_install>
13040 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
13050 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
13058 perl_stringify NAME
13062 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
13064 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
13068 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
13076 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
13079 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
13081 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
13083 WriteMakefileSnippet
13085 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
13086 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
13094 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
13106 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
13107 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
13117 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
13135 B<install_default> I<DISCOURAGED>
13147 B<PERL_INSTALL_ROOT>
13155 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
13167 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
13168 packlist(), version()
13176 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
13184 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
13185 dynamic extensions at load time
13191 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
13201 =item VMS implementation
13203 =item Win32 implementation
13211 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
13221 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods
13229 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
13237 blibdirs_target (o)
13241 =item File::Spec wrappers
13249 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
13265 makemakerdflt_target
13285 metafile_addtomanifest_target
13287 signature_addtomanifest_target
13291 =item Abstract methods
13293 oneliner, B<quote_literal>, B<escape_newlines>, max_exec_len,
13294 B<init_others>, init_DIRFILESEP, init_linker, init_platform,
13307 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13308 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13322 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13323 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13337 replace_manpage_separator (o)
13341 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13351 =item Overridden methods
13359 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13369 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13370 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13392 init_platform, platform_constants
13398 special_targets (o)
13408 clean_subdirs_target
13412 realclean_subdirs_target
13420 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13421 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13433 init_platform (o), platform_constants
13441 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13442 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13460 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13470 =item Overridden methods
13478 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13488 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13514 clean_subdirs_target
13526 dir_target B<DEPRECATED>
13576 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
13606 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
13650 post_initialize (o)
13664 realclean_subdirs_target
13666 replace_manpage_separator
13688 test_via_harness (override)
13690 test_via_script (override)
13714 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13715 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13725 =item Methods always loaded
13737 guess_name (override)
13741 find_perl (override)
13743 maybe_command (override)
13745 perl_script (override)
13747 replace_manpage_separator
13753 init_main (override)
13755 init_others (override)
13757 init_platform (override)
13761 init_VERSION (override)
13763 constants (override)
13769 const_cccmd (override)
13771 tool_sxubpp (override)
13773 tools_other (override)
13775 init_dist (override)
13785 dynamic_lib (override)
13787 dynamic_bs (override)
13789 static_lib (override)
13791 processPL (override)
13793 installbin (override)
13795 subdir_x (override)
13799 clean_subdirs_target
13801 realclean (override)
13803 zipfile_target (o), tarfile_target (o), shdist_target (o)
13805 dist_test (override)
13809 perldepend (override)
13811 makefile (override)
13813 find_tests (override)
13817 makeaperl (override)
13819 nicetext (override)
13821 prefixify (override)
13841 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13842 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13854 =item Overridden methods
13860 replace_manpage_separator
13870 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
13872 special_targets (o)
13894 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
13904 =item Overriden methods
13920 clean_subdirs_target
13922 realclean_subdirs_target
13932 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
13942 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
13952 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
13954 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
13962 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
13966 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
13968 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
13970 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
13972 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
13974 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
13975 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
13976 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN,
13977 FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB,
13978 INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
13979 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB,
13980 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH,
13981 INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR,
13982 INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
13983 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS,
13984 LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
13985 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT,
13986 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
13987 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW,
13988 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
13989 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
13990 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SIGN, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST,
13991 VERSION, VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
13993 =item Additional lowercase attributes
13995 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean,
13996 test, tool_autosplit
13998 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
14000 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
14002 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
14004 =item Hintsfile support
14006 =item Distribution Support
14008 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
14009 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
14010 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
14012 =item Module Meta-Data
14014 =item Disabling an extension
14016 =item Other Handy Functions
14024 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
14034 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About
14043 =item Philosophy and History
14045 Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What's
14046 Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no
14047 shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft
14049 =item Module Writing
14051 How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's
14052 this F<META.yml> thing and how did it get in my F<MANIFEST>?!
14056 How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter
14057 Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same
14070 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker
14084 Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP,
14093 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version-agnostic bytes.pm
14103 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
14113 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
14151 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
14155 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
14163 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
14164 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
14168 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
14176 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
14188 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
14198 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
14207 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
14215 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
14227 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
14235 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
14245 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
14257 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
14267 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
14271 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
14279 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
14283 C<basename>, C<dirname>
14287 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
14301 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
14315 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
14325 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
14327 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
14339 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
14349 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
14361 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
14369 B<find>, B<finddepth>
14375 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
14376 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
14377 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
14379 =item The wanted function
14381 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
14382 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
14383 pathname to the file
14391 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
14399 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
14407 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
14408 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
14409 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
14413 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
14421 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
14435 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
14445 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
14446 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
14447 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
14455 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
14467 file_name_is_absolute
14471 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
14491 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
14509 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
14537 file_name_is_absolute
14559 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
14571 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
14604 file_name_is_absolute
14626 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
14642 =item Methods always loaded
14644 canonpath (override)
14662 case_tolerant (override)
14666 file_name_is_absolute (override)
14668 splitpath (override)
14670 splitdir (override)
14684 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
14710 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
14720 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
14756 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
14770 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
14780 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
14788 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
14800 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
14802 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
14814 =item Temporary files and NFS
14826 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
14842 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
14850 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
14860 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
14868 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
14874 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
14888 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
14890 =item All-in-one interface
14892 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
14894 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
14897 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
14899 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
14900 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
14901 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
14903 described in the previous section.
14905 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
14907 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
14919 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
14929 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
14933 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
14935 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
14943 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
14945 =item Example 2: Using the context
14947 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
14949 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
14953 =item Filter::Simple
14961 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
14969 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
14981 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
14997 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
15005 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
15007 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
15011 =item Simple options
15013 =item A little bit less simple options
15015 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
15017 =item Options with values
15019 =item Options with multiple values
15021 =item Options with hash values
15023 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
15025 =item Options with multiple names
15027 =item Case and abbreviations
15029 =item Summary of Option Specifications
15031 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
15036 =item Advanced Possibilities
15040 =item Object oriented interface
15042 =item Thread Safety
15044 =item Documentation and help texts
15046 =item Storing options in a hash
15050 =item The lonesome dash
15052 =item Argument callback
15056 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
15058 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
15059 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
15060 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
15061 (default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help
15062 (default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
15063 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
15065 =item Exportable Methods
15067 VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage
15069 =item Return values and Errors
15075 =item Default destinations
15077 =item Alternative option starters
15079 =item Configuration variables
15083 =item Trouble Shooting
15087 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
15090 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
15092 =item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called
15094 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
15100 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15104 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
15113 =item C<--help> and C<--version>
15117 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
15127 =item Restricted hashes
15129 lock_keys, unlock_keys
15135 lock_value, unlock_value
15137 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
15151 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
15162 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
15173 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
15175 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
15177 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
15179 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
15181 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
15183 the function super_languages($lang1)
15185 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
15187 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
15189 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
15191 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
15195 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
15197 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
15207 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
15215 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
15217 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
15219 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} :
15220 Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} :
15221 Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian,
15222 {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)],
15223 {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic,
15224 {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy}
15225 : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} :
15226 Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} :
15227 Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae}
15228 : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} :
15229 Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai}
15230 : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} :
15231 Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} :
15232 Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber
15233 (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini,
15234 {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} :
15235 Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} :
15236 Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian
15237 (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central
15238 American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages],
15239 {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb}
15240 : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} :
15241 Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} :
15242 Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree,
15243 {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf}
15244 : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based
15245 Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} :
15246 Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} :
15247 Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru)
15248 Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri,
15249 {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch,
15250 {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi}
15251 : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} :
15252 English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
15253 (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} :
15254 Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat}
15255 : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} :
15256 Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French
15257 (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} :
15258 Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan,
15259 {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian,
15260 {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High
15261 German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon}
15262 : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient
15263 Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} :
15264 Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
15265 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
15266 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
15267 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo,
15268 {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European
15269 (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua
15270 (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} :
15271 Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} :
15272 Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian
15273 languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} :
15274 Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle,
15275 {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
15276 Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar}
15277 : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh,
15278 {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese,
15279 {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz,
15280 {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} :
15281 Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama,
15282 {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} :
15283 Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} :
15284 Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} :
15285 Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban
15286 (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui}
15287 : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai,
15288 {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili,
15289 {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} :
15290 Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} :
15291 Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} :
15292 Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai,
15293 [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} :
15294 Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} :
15295 Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)],
15296 {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple
15297 languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan,
15298 {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele,
15299 {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
15300 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
15301 {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} :
15302 Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} :
15303 Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi}
15304 : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} :
15305 Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
15306 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
15307 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
15308 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
15309 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
15310 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
15311 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
15312 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
15313 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
15314 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
15315 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} :
15316 Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami,
15317 [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} :
15318 Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak,
15319 {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian,
15320 {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign
15321 Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} :
15322 Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave
15323 (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian,
15324 {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} :
15325 Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} :
15326 South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} :
15327 Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati,
15328 {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} :
15329 Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao,
15330 {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} :
15331 Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} :
15332 Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau,
15333 {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian,
15334 {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} :
15335 Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh}
15336 : Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} :
15337 Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian,
15338 {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} :
15339 Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak}
15340 : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was}
15341 : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private
15342 Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} :
15343 Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd}
15344 : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu,
15349 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15355 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
15373 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15377 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
15389 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
15397 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
15398 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
15408 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
15418 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
15422 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
15430 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
15440 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
15444 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
15445 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
15446 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
15447 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
15459 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
15469 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
15473 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
15483 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
15493 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
15494 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
15504 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
15512 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
15513 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
15522 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
15532 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
15536 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
15537 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
15538 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
15548 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
15562 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
15563 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
15573 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
15589 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
15602 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
15616 hostpath(), peerpath()
15626 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
15635 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
15636 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
15646 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
15656 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
15660 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
15668 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
15679 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
15683 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
15684 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
15685 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
15686 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
15698 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
15708 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
15712 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
15722 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
15732 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
15733 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
15743 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
15752 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
15753 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
15762 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
15773 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
15777 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
15778 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
15779 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
15789 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
15804 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
15805 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
15815 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
15816 AF_INET domain sockets
15832 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
15845 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
15846 AF_UNIX domain sockets
15860 hostpath(), peerpath()
15870 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
15880 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
15881 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
15892 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
15906 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
15919 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
15929 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
15930 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
15931 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
15942 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
15960 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
15970 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
15971 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
15982 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
15993 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
15994 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
15995 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
16006 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
16014 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
16015 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
16019 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
16025 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
16026 general-utility list subroutines
16034 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
16035 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
16039 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
16045 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
16046 general-utility scalar subroutines
16054 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
16055 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
16056 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
16066 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
16074 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16078 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
16086 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
16094 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
16096 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16098 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
16099 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
16101 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16103 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
16105 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
16111 =item rename_country
16119 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16123 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
16124 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
16125 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
16126 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
16134 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
16135 identification (ISO 4217)
16145 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16147 code2currency(), currency2code()
16149 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16151 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
16155 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16159 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
16160 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
16168 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
16177 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16179 code2language(), language2code()
16181 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16183 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
16187 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16191 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
16192 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
16200 =head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization
16208 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
16214 =item Construction Methods
16216 =item The "maketext" Method
16218 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
16220 =item Utility Methods
16222 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
16223 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
16224 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
16225 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
16227 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
16231 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
16233 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
16235 =item BRACKET NOTATION
16237 =item AUTO LEXICONS
16239 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
16241 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
16245 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
16251 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
16259 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
16263 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
16265 =item The Linguistic View
16267 =item Breaking gettext
16269 =item Replacing gettext
16271 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
16273 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
16275 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
16277 =item Buzzword: Concision
16279 =item The Devil in the Details
16281 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
16289 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
16297 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
16301 =item SPECIAL CODES
16305 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16307 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
16308 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
16310 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16312 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
16316 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16320 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
16321 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
16329 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
16337 encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str)
16341 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
16351 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
16352 of quoted-printable strings
16360 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
16368 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
16377 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
16385 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
16395 =item Canonical notation
16399 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
16401 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
16405 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
16406 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
16414 =item Autocreating constants
16420 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
16428 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
16438 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
16470 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
16472 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
16474 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
16475 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
16477 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
16563 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
16573 =item Rounding mode R
16575 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
16576 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
16577 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
16590 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
16598 =item Autocreating constants
16604 =item Alternative math libraries
16610 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
16618 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
16624 broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior
16629 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
16630 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
16631 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
16641 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
16653 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
16657 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
16659 the same terms as Perl itself.
16667 =head2 Math::BigInt::Scalar - Pure Perl module to test Math::BigInt with
16678 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
16680 the same terms as Perl itself.
16688 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals
16710 =item denominator()
16712 $d = $x->denominator();
16722 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
16730 =item is_positive()
16732 =item is_negative()
16752 inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented
16753 except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer
16763 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
16776 =item STRINGIFICATION
16780 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
16786 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
16788 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
16796 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
16804 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
16810 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
16812 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
16816 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
16818 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
16822 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
16824 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
16826 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
16827 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
16831 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
16837 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
16847 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
16865 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
16867 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
16871 =item OTHER FACILITIES
16877 =item C<flush_cache>
16883 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
16885 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
16893 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16899 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
16908 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
16919 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
16931 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
16939 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
16947 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
16956 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
16965 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
16973 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
16981 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16987 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16991 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16995 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
17006 =item Enforcing redispatch
17008 =item Avoiding repetitions
17010 =item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call
17012 =item Using C<EVERY> methods
17018 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
17024 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
17034 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
17037 =item CLASS METHODS
17039 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
17040 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
17041 ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
17051 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
17061 requires_firewall HOST
17063 =item NetConfig VALUES
17065 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
17066 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
17067 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
17071 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
17080 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
17088 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
17100 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
17104 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
17105 site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
17106 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [,
17107 RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), alloc ( SIZE [,
17108 RECORD_SIZE] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]]
17109 ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [,
17110 REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (),
17111 mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash (
17112 [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [
17113 DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port (
17114 [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
17115 pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait (
17116 NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
17120 =item Methods for the adventurous
17126 =item THE dataconn CLASS
17128 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
17129 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
17131 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
17133 B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
17135 =item REPORTING BUGS
17143 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/
17151 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
17161 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
17165 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
17166 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
17167 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
17168 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
17169 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
17170 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
17171 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
17175 =item Extension methods
17177 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
17178 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
17179 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
17180 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
17189 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
17199 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
17209 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
17213 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
17214 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
17215 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
17216 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
17228 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
17240 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos
17241 ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );,
17242 $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );,
17243 $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack(
17244 [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host
17261 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
17273 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
17277 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
17278 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
17279 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
17280 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
17281 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
17282 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
17295 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
17303 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
17304 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
17312 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
17329 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
17337 =item Where to get this document
17339 =item How to contribute to this document
17343 =item Author and Copyright Information
17351 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
17355 =item What is libnet ?
17357 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
17359 =item What other modules do I need ?
17361 =item What machines support libnet ?
17363 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
17367 =item Using Net::FTP
17371 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
17373 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
17375 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
17377 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
17380 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
17382 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
17384 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
17386 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
17388 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
17390 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
17393 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
17395 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
17398 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
17401 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
17405 =item Using Net::SMTP
17409 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
17412 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
17414 =item The verify method always returns true ?
17418 =item Debugging scripts
17422 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
17426 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
17430 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
17447 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
17462 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
17479 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
17487 =item THE .netrc FILE
17489 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
17494 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
17498 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
17508 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
17518 =item IMPLEMENTATION
17526 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
17534 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17540 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17544 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17548 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
17560 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
17562 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
17563 or optag, an operator set (opset)
17565 =item Opcode Functions
17567 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
17568 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
17569 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
17572 =item Manipulating Opsets
17574 =item TO DO (maybe)
17580 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
17582 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
17583 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
17584 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
17593 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
17602 a new namespace, an operator mask
17608 =item RECENT CHANGES
17610 =item Methods in class Safe
17612 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17613 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17614 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17615 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17617 =item Some Safety Issues
17619 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17627 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
17640 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
17654 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
17655 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
17656 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
17657 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
17658 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
17659 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
17660 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
17661 fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
17662 geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid,
17663 getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha,
17664 isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace,
17665 isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime,
17666 log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
17667 memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice,
17668 offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
17669 putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
17670 rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
17671 setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
17672 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
17673 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
17674 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
17675 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
17676 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
17677 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
17678 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
17685 =item POSIX::SigAction
17687 new, handler, mask, flags, safe
17689 =item POSIX::SigSet
17691 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
17693 =item POSIX::Termios
17695 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
17696 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
17697 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
17698 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
17699 values, c_oflag field values
17703 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
17707 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
17711 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
17765 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
17766 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
17770 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
17779 :unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :mmap, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop, :win32
17783 =item Custom Layers
17787 =item Alternatives to raw
17789 =item Defaults and how to override them
17791 =item Querying the layers of filehandles
17801 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
17813 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO
17821 =item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE
17825 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
17833 =item EXPECTED METHODS
17835 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
17836 $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]),
17837 $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]),
17838 $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh),
17839 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
17840 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
17841 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
17842 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
17848 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
17854 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
17864 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
17870 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
17876 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
17882 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
17894 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
17895 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
17896 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
17897 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
17898 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
17899 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
17900 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
17901 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
17906 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
17907 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
17908 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
17909 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
17910 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
17911 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI<n> without preceding higher
17916 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
17917 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
17929 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
17931 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
17934 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
17936 C<$checker-E<gt>num_warnings()>
17938 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
17940 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
17942 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
17944 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
17952 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
17964 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
17966 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
17973 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
17979 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
17981 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
17988 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
18000 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
18010 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
18011 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
18026 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
18039 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
18040 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
18046 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
18070 =item B<was_cutting()>
18076 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
18082 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
18088 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
18094 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
18100 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18106 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
18112 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
18118 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
18124 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
18130 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
18136 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
18142 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
18148 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
18154 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
18160 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
18166 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18172 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
18178 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
18184 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
18190 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
18196 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
18202 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
18208 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
18214 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
18220 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
18226 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
18232 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
18238 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18244 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
18256 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
18268 =item OBJECT METHODS
18276 =item Data Accessors
18292 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
18294 B<StartWithNewPage>
18308 =item Subclassed methods
18322 B<interior_sequence>
18338 =item Methods for headings
18346 =item Internal methods
18352 B<_replace_special_chars>
18354 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
18360 B<_clean_latex_commands>
18362 B<_split_delimited>
18378 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
18386 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
18391 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
18392 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
18393 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
18404 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18408 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
18420 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18424 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
18438 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
18446 $list-E<gt>indent()
18454 $list-E<gt>parent()
18460 =item Pod::Hyperlink
18462 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
18466 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
18468 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
18472 $link-E<gt>warning()
18474 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
18480 $link-E<gt>alttext()
18490 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
18496 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
18500 =item Pod::Cache::Item
18502 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
18506 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
18508 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
18510 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
18512 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
18514 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
18516 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
18518 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
18528 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
18540 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
18542 =item PARSING OPTIONS
18544 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
18545 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
18551 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
18559 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18565 =item B<verbatim()>
18567 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18573 =item B<textblock()>
18575 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18581 =item B<interior_sequence()>
18587 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
18599 =item B<initialize()>
18605 =item B<begin_pod()>
18611 =item B<begin_input()>
18617 =item B<end_input()>
18629 =item B<preprocess_line()>
18635 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
18641 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
18647 =item B<parse_text()>
18649 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
18650 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
18651 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
18657 =item B<interpolate()>
18663 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
18669 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
18675 =item B<parse_from_file()>
18681 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
18687 =item B<errorsub()>
18699 =item B<parseopts()>
18705 =item B<output_file()>
18711 =item B<output_handle()>
18717 =item B<input_file()>
18723 =item B<input_handle()>
18729 =item B<input_streams()>
18735 =item B<top_stream()>
18741 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
18747 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
18753 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
18759 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
18767 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors
18777 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18783 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
18795 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18801 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
18813 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18819 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
18829 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18835 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
18845 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18851 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
18863 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18869 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
18883 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML
18893 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18899 =head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
18907 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
18911 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
18912 Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
18924 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
18944 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
18957 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
18959 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
18965 =item OBJECT METHODS
18971 =item B<curr_headings()>
18983 =item B<add_selection()>
18989 =item B<clear_selections()>
18995 =item B<match_section()>
19001 =item B<is_selected()>
19007 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
19013 =item B<podselect()>
19015 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
19021 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
19027 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
19033 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
19039 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
19051 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
19059 alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width
19063 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
19064 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
19065 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
19076 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19080 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
19094 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19098 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
19113 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19117 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
19132 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19136 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
19145 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
19154 =item Recommended Use
19162 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
19166 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
19174 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
19180 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
19184 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
19188 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
19196 a new namespace, an operator mask
19202 =item RECENT CHANGES
19204 =item Methods in class Safe
19206 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
19207 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
19208 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
19209 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
19211 =item Some Safety Issues
19213 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
19221 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
19229 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
19230 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
19231 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
19241 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
19251 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
19261 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
19271 =item The __DATA__ token
19273 =item SelfLoader autoloading
19275 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
19277 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
19279 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
19281 =item Classes and inherited methods.
19285 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
19289 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
19299 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
19307 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
19308 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
19316 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
19317 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
19318 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
19319 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
19320 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
19324 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
19334 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
19338 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
19340 =item CODE REFERENCES
19342 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
19344 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
19346 =item ERROR REPORTING
19354 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
19359 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
19360 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
19368 =item Storable magic
19378 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
19390 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
19404 =item Allowing fall-through
19406 =item Automating fall-through
19408 =item Alternative syntax
19410 =item Higher-order Operations
19426 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
19438 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
19450 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
19451 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19459 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19460 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19461 in 5.004_02), closelog
19471 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
19472 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19480 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19481 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19482 in 5.004_02), closelog
19492 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
19502 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
19503 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
19504 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
19508 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
19518 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19522 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
19538 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
19540 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
19542 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
19544 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
19552 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19560 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
19568 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
19578 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
19579 If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
19587 =item Minimal set of supported functions
19589 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, C<OUT>, C<MinLine>,
19590 C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
19592 =item Additional supported functions
19594 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
19604 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
19612 =item QUICK START GUIDE
19618 C<plan(...)>, C<tests =E<gt> I<number>>, C<todo =E<gt> [I<1,5,14>]>,
19619 C<onfail =E<gt> sub { ... }>, C<onfail =E<gt> \&some_sub>
19629 C<skip(I<skip_if_true>, I<args...>)>
19635 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
19639 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
19649 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
19669 =item Setting up tests
19687 =item Running tests
19693 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
19695 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
19721 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
19733 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
19737 =item Test Status and Info
19771 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
19781 =item The test script output
19783 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
19784 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
19789 =item Configuration variables.
19791 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
19795 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
19822 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
19823 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
19824 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
19825 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
19829 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
19830 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
19831 C<HARNESS_OK_SLOW>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
19847 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
19873 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
19883 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
19921 =item C<analyze_fh>
19927 =item C<analyze_file>
19939 =item C<_INC2PERL5LIB>
19945 =item C<_filtered_INC>
19951 =item C<_restore_PERL5LIB>
19961 =item C<_is_comment>
19969 =item C<_is_header>
19981 =item C<_is_bail_out>
19987 =item C<_reset_file_state>
19997 =item C<_detailize>
20013 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
20023 =item I love it when a plan comes together
20033 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
20073 =item Conditional tests
20079 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
20081 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
20085 =item Comparison functions
20099 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
20109 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
20111 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
20124 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
20148 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
20157 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
20165 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
20167 =item Where to start?
20171 =item Test the manual
20173 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
20175 =item Testing lots of values
20177 =item Informative names
20179 =item Skipping tests
20183 =item Testing with taint mode.
20195 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
20207 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
20217 =item General behaviour in list contexts
20221 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
20223 =item A note about prefixes
20225 =item C<extract_delimited>
20227 =item C<extract_bracketed>
20229 =item C<extract_variable>
20233 =item C<extract_tagged>
20235 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
20236 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
20238 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
20240 =item C<extract_quotelike>
20242 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
20244 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
20246 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
20248 =item C<extract_codeblock>
20250 =item C<extract_multiple>
20252 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
20258 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
20259 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
20260 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
20261 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
20262 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
20263 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
20264 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
20265 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
20266 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
20267 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
20268 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
20269 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
20274 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
20280 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
20295 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
20312 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
20327 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
20343 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
20355 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
20356 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
20357 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
20361 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
20369 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
20377 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20379 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
20385 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
20393 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20395 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
20399 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
20414 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
20424 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
20432 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
20433 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
20434 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
20435 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
20443 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
20463 =item Option Format
20467 =item Public Methods
20475 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
20481 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
20483 =item Deferred Writing
20487 =item Autodeferring
20491 =item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES
20497 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
20511 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
20520 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
20521 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
20522 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
20523 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
20525 =item MORE INFORMATION
20527 =item COMPATIBILITY
20531 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
20540 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
20541 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
20543 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
20545 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
20547 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
20549 =item MORE INFORMATION
20553 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
20561 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
20571 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
20589 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
20598 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
20600 =item MORE INFORMATION
20604 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
20616 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
20625 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
20626 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
20627 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer (
20628 $which, $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer (
20639 =item negative time not invented yet
20641 =item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...)
20649 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
20653 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
20661 =item IMPLEMENTATION
20671 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
20686 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
20701 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
20713 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
20721 C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<isa( VAL, TYPE )>,
20722 C<TYPE>, C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, C<VAL>, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<<
20723 CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>, C<can( VAL, METHOD )>, C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )>
20729 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
20739 =item Constructor and Tailoring
20741 UCA_Version, backwards, entry, hangul_terminator, ignoreName, ignoreChar,
20742 level, normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange,
20743 table, undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower,
20744 variable, alternate
20746 =item Methods for Collation
20748 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
20749 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
20750 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
20751 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
20752 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
20753 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
20754 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>
20756 =item Methods for Searching
20758 C<$position = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[, $position])>,
20759 C<($position, $length) = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[,
20760 $position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>,
20761 C<($match) = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>, C<@match =
20762 $Collator-E<gt>gmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count =
20763 $Collator-E<gt>subst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count =
20764 $Collator-E<gt>gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>
20766 =item Other Methods
20768 C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-E<gt>change(%new_tailoring)>, C<$version =
20769 $Collator-E<gt>version()>, C<UCA_Version()>, C<Base_Unicode_Version()>
20775 =item Conformance Test
20783 Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Collation
20784 Element Table (DUCET), The conformance test for the UCA, Hangul Syllable
20785 Type, Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15, L<Unicode::Normalize>
20789 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
20799 =item Normalization Forms
20801 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
20802 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
20803 C<$FCD_string = FCD($string)>, C<$FCC_string = FCC($string)>,
20804 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
20806 =item Decomposition and Composition
20808 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
20809 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
20810 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
20814 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
20815 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
20816 checkFCD($string)>, C<$result = checkFCC($string)>, C<$result =
20817 check($form_name, $string)>
20819 =item Character Data
20821 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
20822 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
20823 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
20824 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
20825 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
20826 C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
20827 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
20837 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
20838 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt,
20839 http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5/
20843 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
20885 =item Blocks versus Scripts
20887 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
20889 =item Code Point Arguments
20915 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
20921 =item Implementation Note
20933 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
20948 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
20959 =item System Specifics
20973 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
20981 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
20983 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
20984 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
20985 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
20986 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
20987 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFolderPath(FOLDER [,
20988 CREATE]), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetLastError(),
20989 Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(),
20990 Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
20991 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
20992 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
20993 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
20994 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
20995 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
20996 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
20997 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
20998 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
20999 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
21000 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
21006 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
21016 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
21018 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
21022 =item Order of initialization: early load()
21026 =item The most hairy case
21036 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
21038 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
21039 don't all have manual pages yet:
21073 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob