4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Platform-Specific
56 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
66 =item Running Perl programs
68 =item Basic syntax overview
70 =item Perl variable types
72 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
74 =item Variable scoping
76 =item Conditional and looping constructs
78 if, while, for, foreach
80 =item Builtin operators and functions
82 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
87 =item Regular expressions
89 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
90 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
92 =item Writing subroutines
96 =item Using Perl modules
104 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2001/11/19
113 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
115 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
117 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
121 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
123 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
125 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
127 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
129 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
131 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
135 =item About the perlfaq documents
139 =item Where to get the perlfaq
141 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
143 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
150 =item Author and Copyright Information
154 =item Bundled Distributions
162 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
163 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
164 Initial Release: 11/March/97
168 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
176 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
186 =item Simple statements
188 =item Compound statements
196 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
200 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
202 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
208 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
222 =item Scalar value constructors
224 =item List value constructors
228 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
236 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
246 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
248 =item The Arrow Operator
250 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
254 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
256 =item Binding Operators
258 =item Multiplicative Operators
260 =item Additive Operators
262 =item Shift Operators
264 =item Named Unary Operators
266 =item Relational Operators
268 =item Equality Operators
272 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
274 =item C-style Logical And
276 =item C-style Logical Or
278 =item Range Operators
280 =item Conditional Operator
282 =item Assignment Operators
286 =item List Operators (Rightward)
292 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
294 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
296 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
298 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
300 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
302 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
303 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
304 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
305 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
307 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
309 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
310 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
311 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
312 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
317 =item Constant Folding
319 =item Bitwise String Operators
321 =item Integer Arithmetic
323 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
331 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
341 =item Private Variables via my()
343 =item Persistent Private Variables
345 =item Temporary Values via local()
347 =item Lvalue subroutines
349 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
351 =item When to Still Use local()
353 =item Pass by Reference
357 =item Constant Functions
359 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
363 =item Subroutine Attributes
371 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
379 =item Perl Functions by Category
381 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
382 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
383 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
384 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
385 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
386 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
387 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
388 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
389 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
390 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
395 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
397 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
398 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
399 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
400 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
401 chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr
402 NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir
403 DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt
404 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR,
405 defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR,
406 dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
407 BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
408 fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
409 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
410 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
411 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
412 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
413 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
414 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
415 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
416 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
417 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
418 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
419 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
420 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
421 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
422 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc,
423 lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
424 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log,
425 lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK,
426 mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
427 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES,
428 next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
429 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
430 FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord
431 EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
432 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
433 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
434 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
435 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
436 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
437 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
438 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
439 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
440 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
441 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
442 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
443 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
444 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
445 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
446 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
447 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
448 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
449 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
450 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
451 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
452 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
453 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
454 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
455 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
456 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
457 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
458 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
459 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
460 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
461 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
462 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
463 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
464 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
465 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
466 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
467 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
468 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
469 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
475 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
481 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
489 =item Making References
491 =item Using References
509 =item Distribution Conditions
515 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
521 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
522 more elaborate constructs
526 =item COMMON MISTAKES
528 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
530 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
536 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
540 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
542 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
544 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
548 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
552 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
554 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
556 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
560 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
564 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
566 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
568 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
572 =item HASHES OF HASHES
576 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
578 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
580 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
584 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
588 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
590 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
592 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
604 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
614 =item Simple word matching
616 =item Using character classes
618 =item Matching this or that
620 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
622 =item Extracting matches
624 =item Matching repetitions
628 =item Search and replace
630 =item The split operator
638 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
642 =item Acknowledgments
648 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
656 =item Ordinary Paragraph
658 =item Verbatim Paragraph
660 =item Command Paragraph
662 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
663 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
664 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
665 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
667 =item Formatting Codes
669 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
670 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
671 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
672 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
673 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
674 (zero-effect) formatting code
678 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
680 =item Hints for Writing Pod
690 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
697 =item Pod Definitions
701 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
702 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
704 =item Pod Formatting Codes
706 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
707 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
708 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
709 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
710 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
711 contains non-breaking spaces
713 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
715 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
717 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
719 =item About =over...=back Regions
721 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
729 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
737 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
755 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
757 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
758 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
759 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
760 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
762 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
764 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
765 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
766 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
770 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
772 =item Numerical Traps
774 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
776 =item General data type traps
778 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
779 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
781 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
783 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
785 =item Precedence Traps
787 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
790 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
792 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
793 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
796 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
798 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
804 =item Interpolation Traps
806 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
807 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
813 =item Unclassified Traps
815 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
822 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
832 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
834 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
836 =item Location of Perl
838 =item Command Switches
840 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
841 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
842 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
843 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
844 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
845 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
852 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
853 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
854 PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to
859 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
867 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
875 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
877 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
879 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
883 =item Backward Compatibility
885 =item Category Hierarchy
889 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
901 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
909 =item Looking at data and -w and w
913 =item Stepping through code
915 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
917 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
935 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
941 =item The Perl Debugger
945 =item Debugger Commands
947 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
948 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
949 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
950 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
951 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
952 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
953 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
954 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
955 cmd, @ file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man
958 =item Configurable Options
960 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
961 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
962 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
963 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
964 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
965 C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
967 =item Debugger input/output
969 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
972 =item Debugging compile-time statements
974 =item Debugger Customization
976 =item Readline Support
978 =item Editor Support for Debugging
980 =item The Perl Profiler
984 =item Debugging regular expressions
986 =item Debugging memory usage
994 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1002 =item Predefined Names
1004 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1005 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1006 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1007 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1008 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1009 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1010 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1011 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1012 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1013 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1014 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1015 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1016 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1017 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1018 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1019 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1020 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1021 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1022 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1023 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1024 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1025 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1026 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1027 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1028 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1029 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1030 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1031 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1032 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1033 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1035 =item Error Indicators
1037 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1045 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1053 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1055 =item Growing Your Own
1057 =item Access and Printing
1069 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1075 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1083 =item The Minus File
1085 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1091 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1095 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1099 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1103 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1105 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1107 =item Paths as Opens
1109 =item Single Argument Open
1111 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1115 =item Other I/O Issues
1119 =item Opening Non-File Files
1129 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1135 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1141 =item The Basic Principle
1145 =item Packing Numbers
1151 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1153 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1155 =item Floating point Numbers
1159 =item Exotic Templates
1171 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1175 =item Lengths and Widths
1179 =item String Lengths
1181 =item Dynamic Templates
1185 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1189 =item The Alignment Pit
1191 =item Alignment, Take 2
1193 =item Alignment, Take 3
1195 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1201 =item Funnies Section
1207 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1213 =item Part 1: The basics
1217 =item Simple word matching
1219 =item Using character classes
1221 =item Matching this or that
1223 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1225 =item Extracting matches
1227 =item Matching repetitions
1229 =item Building a regexp
1231 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1235 =item Part 2: Power tools
1239 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1241 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1243 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1245 =item Non-capturing groupings
1247 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1249 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1251 =item Conditional expressions
1253 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1255 =item Pragmas and debugging
1263 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1267 =item Acknowledgments
1273 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1283 =item Regular Expressions
1285 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1287 =item Extended Patterns
1289 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1290 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1291 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1292 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1296 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1298 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1300 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1302 =item Combining pieces together
1304 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1305 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1306 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1307 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1309 =item Creating custom RE engines
1319 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1329 =item Making References
1331 =item Using References
1333 =item Symbolic references
1335 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1337 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1339 =item Function Templates
1349 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1357 =item Format Variables
1367 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1375 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1383 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1385 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1387 =item Invoking a barnyard
1389 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1391 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1393 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1395 =item A few notes about @ISA
1397 =item Overriding the methods
1399 =item Starting the search from a different place
1401 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1403 =item Where we're at so far...
1405 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1407 =item Invoking an instance method
1409 =item Accessing the instance data
1411 =item How to build a horse
1413 =item Inheriting the constructor
1415 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1417 =item Adding parameters to a method
1419 =item More interesting instances
1421 =item A horse of a different color
1433 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1439 =item Creating a Class
1443 =item Object Representation
1445 =item Class Interface
1447 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1449 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1453 =item Other Object Methods
1461 =item Accessing Class Data
1463 =item Debugging Methods
1465 =item Class Destructors
1467 =item Documenting the Interface
1477 =item Overridden Methods
1479 =item Multiple Inheritance
1481 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1485 =item Alternate Object Representations
1489 =item Arrays as Objects
1491 =item Closures as Objects
1495 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1499 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1501 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1505 =item Metaclassical Tools
1511 =item Data Members as Variables
1519 =item Object Terminology
1525 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1531 =item Acknowledgments
1537 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1543 =item Class Data in a Can
1545 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1549 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1551 =item Inheritance Concerns
1553 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1555 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1557 =item Monadic Classes
1559 =item Translucent Attributes
1563 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1567 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1569 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1571 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1573 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1575 =item Translucency Revisited
1583 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1585 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1591 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1599 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1601 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1603 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1605 =item Method Invocation
1607 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1609 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1611 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1617 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1625 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1631 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1633 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1635 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1637 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1639 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1641 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1643 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1645 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1647 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1649 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1655 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1667 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1672 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1673 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1674 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1675 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1680 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1681 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1682 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1684 =item Tying FileHandles
1686 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1687 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1692 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1704 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1705 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1721 =item Using open() for IPC
1727 =item Background Processes
1729 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1731 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1733 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1735 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1739 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1743 =item Internet Line Terminators
1745 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1747 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1751 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1755 =item A Simple Client
1757 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1759 =item A Webget Client
1761 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1765 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1767 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1769 =item UDP: Message Passing
1783 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1793 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1795 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1796 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1797 files, directories and network sockets
1799 =item Resource limits
1801 =item Killing the parent process
1803 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1805 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1807 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1808 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1809 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1821 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1829 =item Storing numbers
1831 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1833 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1835 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1836 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1837 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1846 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1854 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1860 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1862 =item Threaded Program Models
1874 =item Native threads
1876 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1878 =item Threadsafe Modules
1884 =item Basic Thread Support
1886 =item Creating Threads
1888 =item Giving up control
1890 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1892 =item Errors In Threads
1894 =item Ignoring A Thread
1898 =item Threads And Data
1902 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1904 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1906 =item Controlling access: lock()
1908 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1910 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1914 =item Threads And Code
1918 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1920 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1922 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1924 =item Subroutine Locks
1928 =item Locking A Subroutine
1932 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1936 =item What Thread Am I In?
1940 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1942 =item What Threads Are Running?
1946 =item A Complete Example
1954 =item Introductory Texts
1956 =item OS-Related References
1958 =item Other References
1962 =item Acknowledgements
1970 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1976 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1985 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1987 =item Files and Filesystems
1989 =item System Interaction
1991 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1993 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1995 =item Standard Modules
1999 =item Character sets and character encoding
2001 =item Internationalisation
2003 =item System Resources
2013 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2014 http://testers.cpan.org/
2022 =item DOS and Derivatives
2030 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2038 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2042 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2044 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2045 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2046 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2047 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2048 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2049 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2050 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2051 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2052 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
2053 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
2054 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
2055 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
2056 kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
2057 lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
2058 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
2059 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
2060 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
2061 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2062 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2063 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2064 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2065 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2066 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2067 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2068 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2069 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2075 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2076 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2077 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2078 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2079 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2080 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2082 =item Supported Platforms
2086 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2092 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2099 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2105 =item The use locale pragma
2107 =item The setlocale function
2109 =item Finding locales
2111 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2113 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2115 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2117 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2119 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2121 =item The localeconv function
2123 =item I18N::Langinfo
2127 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2131 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2133 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2135 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2137 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2141 =item Other categories
2149 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2150 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2156 =item Backward compatibility
2158 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2160 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2162 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2164 =item Freely available locale definitions
2168 =item An imperfect standard
2176 =item Broken systems
2186 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2196 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2198 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2200 =item Creating Unicode
2202 =item Handling Unicode
2204 =item Legacy Encodings
2208 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2212 =item Advanced Topics
2216 =item Questions With Answers
2218 Will My Old Scripts Break?, How Do I Make My Scripts Work With Unicode?,
2219 How Do I Know Whether My String Is In Unicode?, How Do I Detect Invalid
2220 UTF-8?, How Do I Convert Data Into UTF-8? Or Vice Versa?, How Do I Display
2221 Unicode? How Do I Input Unicode?, How Does Unicode Work With Traditional
2224 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2226 =item Further Resources
2230 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2234 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
2236 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2240 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2248 =item Important Caveats
2250 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2251 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2253 =item Byte and Character semantics
2255 =item Effects of character semantics
2261 =item Character encodings for input and output
2267 =item UNICODE REGULAR EXPRESSION SUPPORT LEVEL
2271 =item Unicode Encodings
2273 UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-16BE, UTF16-LE, Surrogates, and BOMs (Byte Order Marks),
2274 UTF-32, UTF-32BE, UTF32-LE, UCS-2, UCS-4, UTF-7
2276 =item Security Implications of Malformed UTF-8
2278 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2286 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2292 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2300 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2304 =item 13 variant characters
2312 =item Unicode and UTF
2316 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2318 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2320 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2334 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2336 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2338 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2340 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2348 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2350 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2352 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2354 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2358 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2362 =item URL decoding and encoding
2364 =item uu encoding and decoding
2366 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2368 =item Caesarian ciphers
2372 =item Hashing order and checksums
2376 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2388 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2408 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2416 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2418 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2420 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2424 =item Protecting Your Programs
2432 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2444 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2450 =item Making your module threadsafe
2458 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2468 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2469 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2483 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2489 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2493 =item Pragmatic Modules
2495 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2496 diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops,
2497 overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings,
2500 =item Standard Modules
2502 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
2503 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse,
2504 B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse,
2505 B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie,
2506 CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN,
2507 CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct,
2508 Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode,
2509 Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2510 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
2511 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
2512 ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS,
2513 ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2514 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2515 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
2516 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
2517 File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac,
2518 File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32,
2519 File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin,
2520 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
2521 I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants,
2522 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
2523 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2524 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
2525 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
2526 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Saves, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2527 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2528 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2529 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2530 PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX,
2531 Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer,
2532 Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
2533 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, Pod::t::basic, SDBM_File, Safe,
2534 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2535 Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2536 Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial,
2537 Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs,
2538 Text::Wrap, Thread, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash,
2539 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime,
2540 Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::UCD, User::grent,
2543 =item Extension Modules
2555 =item Central America
2567 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2571 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2573 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2575 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2583 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2589 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2593 =item Before you start
2601 =item Release considerations
2605 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2609 =item Has it been done before?
2611 =item Do one thing and do it well
2613 =item What's in a name?
2617 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2621 =item To OO or not to OO?
2623 =item Designing your API
2625 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2626 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2629 =item Strictness and warnings
2631 =item Backwards compatibility
2633 =item Error handling and messages
2637 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2643 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2647 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2651 =item Version numbering
2653 =item Pre-requisites
2663 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2667 =item Reinventing the wheel
2669 =item Trying to do too much
2671 =item Inappropriate documentation
2677 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2678 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2684 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2694 =item What should I make into a module?
2696 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2698 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2700 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2702 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2703 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2704 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2706 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2708 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2709 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2719 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.2 $, $Date:
2720 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)
2730 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2732 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2734 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2736 =item What is perl6?
2738 =item How stable is Perl?
2740 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2742 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2745 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2747 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2749 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2751 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2753 =item What is a JAPH?
2755 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2757 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2758 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2762 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2766 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.3 $,
2767 $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)
2775 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2777 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2779 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2781 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2784 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2785 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2787 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2788 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2790 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2792 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2794 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2796 =item Where should I post source code?
2800 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2802 =item Perl in Magazines
2804 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2806 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2808 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2810 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2812 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2814 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2818 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2822 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.10 $, $Date: 2001/11/19
2831 =item How do I do (anything)?
2833 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2835 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2837 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2839 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2841 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2843 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2845 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2847 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2849 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2850 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2851 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2853 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2855 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2857 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2859 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2861 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2863 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2865 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2867 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
2868 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
2870 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2872 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2874 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2876 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2878 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2880 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2882 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2884 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2886 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2888 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2890 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2892 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2894 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2895 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2897 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2900 =item What's MakeMaker?
2904 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2908 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2001/12/07
2919 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2920 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2922 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2924 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2927 =item How do I convert between numeric representations:
2929 B<How do I convert Hexadecimal into decimal:>, B<How do I convert from
2930 decimal to hexadecimal:>, B<How do I convert from octal to decimal:>, B<How
2931 do I convert from decimal to octal:>, B<How do I convert from binary to
2932 decimal:>, B<How do I convert from decimal to binary:>
2934 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2936 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2938 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2940 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2942 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2950 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2952 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2954 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2956 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2958 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2960 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2962 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2970 =item How do I validate input?
2972 =item How do I unescape a string?
2974 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2976 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2978 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2980 =item How do I reverse a string?
2982 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2984 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2986 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2988 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2990 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2993 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2995 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2996 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2998 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3000 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3002 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3004 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3006 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3008 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3010 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3012 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3013 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3022 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3024 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3026 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3030 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3033 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3034 intersection of two arrays?
3036 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3038 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3040 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3042 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3044 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3046 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3048 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3050 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3052 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3054 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3056 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3060 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3064 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3066 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3069 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3071 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3073 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3075 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3077 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3079 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3081 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3083 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3085 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3087 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3089 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3092 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3093 array of hashes or arrays?
3095 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3103 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3105 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3107 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3109 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3111 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3113 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3115 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3119 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3123 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
3132 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3134 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3135 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3137 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3139 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3141 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3143 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3144 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3146 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3148 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3150 =item How can I write() into a string?
3152 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3154 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3156 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3158 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3160 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3162 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3164 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3166 =item How can I lock a file?
3168 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3170 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3171 the file. How can I do this?
3173 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3174 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3176 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3178 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3180 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3182 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3184 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3186 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3188 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3190 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3192 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3194 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3196 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3198 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
3199 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3201 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3203 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3204 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3206 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3208 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3212 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3216 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2001/12/02 01:55:12 $)
3224 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3225 and unmaintainable code?
3227 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3229 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3231 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3234 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3236 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3239 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3241 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3243 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3245 =item What is C</o> really for?
3247 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3250 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3252 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3254 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3256 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3258 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3260 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3262 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3264 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3266 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3268 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3270 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3272 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3274 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3278 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3282 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/07
3291 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3293 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3296 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3299 =item How do I skip some return values?
3301 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3303 =item What's an extension?
3305 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3307 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3309 =item How do I create a module?
3311 =item How do I create a class?
3313 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3315 =item What's a closure?
3317 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3319 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3322 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3325 =item How do I create a static variable?
3327 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3328 Between local() and my()?
3330 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3333 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3335 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3337 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3339 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3341 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3343 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3345 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3347 =item How can I find out my current package?
3349 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3351 =item How do I clear a package?
3353 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3357 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3361 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
3370 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3372 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3374 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3376 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3378 =item How do I print something out in color?
3380 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3382 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3384 =item How do I clear the screen?
3386 =item How do I get the screen size?
3388 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3390 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3392 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3394 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3396 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3398 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3400 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3402 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3404 =item How do I set the time and date?
3406 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3408 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3410 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3412 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3413 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3415 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3417 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3419 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3421 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3423 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3425 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3427 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3429 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3431 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3433 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3436 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3438 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3440 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3442 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3445 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3446 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3447 changes to be visible?
3451 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3454 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3456 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3458 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3460 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3462 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3464 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3466 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3468 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3470 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3472 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3474 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3476 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3479 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3481 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3485 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3489 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04
3498 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3500 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3503 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3505 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3507 =item How do I extract URLs?
3509 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3510 file on another machine?
3512 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3514 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3516 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3518 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3520 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3522 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3524 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3526 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3527 CGI script to do bad things?
3529 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3531 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3533 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3535 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3537 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3539 =item How do I send mail?
3541 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3543 =item How do I read mail?
3545 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3547 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3549 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3551 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3555 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3559 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3569 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3573 =item Using The Back Ends
3577 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3581 =item The Decompiling Back End
3583 =item The Lint Back End
3585 =item The Simple C Back End
3587 =item The Bytecode Back End
3589 =item The Optimized C Back End
3591 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3592 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3593 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3597 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3603 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3613 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3614 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3618 =item Compiling your C program
3620 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3622 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3624 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3626 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3628 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3630 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3632 =item Execution of END blocks
3634 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3636 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3641 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3651 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3657 =item Debugger Internals
3661 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3665 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3667 =item Debugging regular expressions
3671 =item Compile-time output
3673 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3674 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3675 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3678 =item Types of nodes
3680 =item Run-time output
3684 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3688 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3690 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3691 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3694 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3696 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3698 =item B<-DL> details
3702 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3710 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3722 =item Version caveat
3724 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3736 =item What has gone on?
3738 =item Writing good test scripts
3742 =item What's new here?
3744 =item Input and Output Parameters
3746 =item The XSUBPP Program
3748 =item The TYPEMAP file
3750 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3754 =item What has happened here?
3756 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3758 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3760 =item More about XSUB arguments
3762 =item The Argument Stack
3764 =item Extending your Extension
3766 =item Documenting your Extension
3768 =item Installing your Extension
3772 =item New Things in this Example
3776 =item New Things in this Example
3778 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3780 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3782 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3784 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3800 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3812 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3814 =item The Argument Stack
3816 =item The RETVAL Variable
3818 =item The MODULE Keyword
3820 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3822 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3824 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3826 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3828 =item The CODE: Keyword
3830 =item The INIT: Keyword
3832 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3834 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3836 =item Default Parameter Values
3838 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3840 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3842 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3844 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3846 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3848 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3850 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3852 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3854 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3856 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3858 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3860 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3862 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3864 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3866 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3868 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3870 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3872 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3874 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3876 =item The CASE: Keyword
3878 =item The & Unary Operator
3880 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3882 =item Using XS With C++
3884 =item Interface Strategy
3886 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3890 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
3892 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
3904 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3914 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3916 =item File Operations
3918 =item File Input and Output
3920 =item File Positioning
3922 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3924 =item Character Class Tests
3926 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3928 =item Miscellaneous functions
3936 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3948 =item What is an "IV"?
3950 =item Working with SVs
3954 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3956 =item Working with AVs
3958 =item Working with HVs
3960 =item Hash API Extensions
3964 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3966 =item Creating New Variables
3968 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3970 =item Stashes and Globs
3972 =item Double-Typed SVs
3974 =item Magic Variables
3976 =item Assigning Magic
3978 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3982 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3984 =item Localizing changes
3986 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3987 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3988 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3989 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3990 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3991 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3992 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3993 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3994 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3995 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4003 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4005 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4007 =item Memory Allocation
4011 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4015 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4025 =item Examining the tree
4027 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4029 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4031 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4033 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4035 =item Pluggable runops
4039 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4041 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4045 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4047 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4049 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4051 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4053 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4057 =item Internal Functions
4059 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4063 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4065 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4067 =item Source Documentation
4071 =item Unicode Support
4075 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4077 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4079 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4081 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4083 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4085 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4089 =item Custom Operators
4097 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4103 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4105 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4107 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4127 =item Determining the Context
4131 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4137 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4139 =item Passing Parameters
4141 =item Returning a Scalar
4143 =item Returning a list of values
4145 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4147 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4151 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4155 =item Using call_argv
4157 =item Using call_method
4161 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4163 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4165 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4166 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4169 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4171 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4183 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4193 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4194 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4195 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4196 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4200 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4202 =item Administration
4204 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4208 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4209 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4217 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4227 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4229 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4231 B<Decryption Filters>
4233 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4235 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4237 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4249 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4257 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4258 B<filter_fetch_value>
4264 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4266 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4276 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4282 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4283 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4284 ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
4285 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK,
4286 dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
4287 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, getcwd_sv, get_av, get_cv, get_hv,
4288 get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number,
4289 grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
4290 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD,
4291 G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV,
4292 HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete,
4293 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4294 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4295 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
4296 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
4297 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
4298 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
4299 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSV, newSViv,
4300 newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv,
4301 newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, new_vstring, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv,
4302 Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_clone, perl_construct,
4303 perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na,
4304 PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx,
4305 POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc,
4306 require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, scan_bin,
4307 scan_hex, scan_oct, sharedsv_find, sharedsv_init, sharedsv_lock,
4308 sharedsv_new, sharedsv_thrcnt_dec, sharedsv_thrcnt_inc, sharedsv_unlock,
4309 sortsv, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ,
4310 strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK,
4311 SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
4312 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK,
4313 SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK,
4314 SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV,
4315 SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen,
4316 SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen,
4317 SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT,
4318 SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC,
4319 SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH,
4320 SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE,
4321 SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK,
4322 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVx, SvUVX, sv_2bool,
4323 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4324 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4325 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4326 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4327 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec,
4328 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free,
4329 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
4330 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
4331 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
4332 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
4333 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4334 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4335 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg,
4336 sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv,
4337 sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags,
4338 sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true,
4339 sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
4340 sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
4341 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn,
4342 THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, to_utf8_case, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni,
4343 utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr,
4344 utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
4345 XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
4346 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO,
4347 XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
4356 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4363 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
4364 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena,
4365 sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4373 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4383 =item History and Background
4385 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4387 =item Data Structures
4389 =item Functions and Attributes
4391 =item Per-instance Data
4393 =item Layers in action.
4395 =item Per-instance flag bits
4397 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4398 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4399 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4400 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4402 =item Methods in Detail
4404 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4405 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4406 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
4407 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
4408 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
4409 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
4410 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4411 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4412 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4413 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
4414 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
4415 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
4416 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
4417 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4421 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4423 =item Extension Layers
4425 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4431 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4439 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4440 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4441 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4442 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4443 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4444 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4445 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4446 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4447 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4448 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4449 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4453 =item Co-existence with stdio
4455 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4456 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4458 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4460 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4461 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4462 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4463 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4465 =item Other Functions
4467 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4468 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4474 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4480 =item To do during 5.6.x
4484 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4486 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4488 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4490 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4492 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4496 =item use Thread for iThreads
4498 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4500 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4502 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4504 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4506 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4508 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4510 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4512 =item Complete signal handling
4514 =item Out-of-source builds
4516 =item POSIX realtime support
4518 =item UNIX98 support
4522 =item Long double conversion
4526 =item Thread-safe regexes
4528 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4530 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4532 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4534 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4536 =item Custom opcodes
4538 =item DLL Versioning
4540 =item Introduce @( and @)
4542 =item Floating point handling
4544 =item IV/UV preservation
4546 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4548 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4550 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4552 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4554 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4556 =item Document Win32 choices
4558 =item Check new modules
4560 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4564 =item To do at some point
4568 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4570 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4572 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4574 =item bitfields in pack
4576 =item Cross compilation
4578 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4580 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4582 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4584 =item -i rename file when changed
4586 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4588 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4590 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4592 =item my sub foo { }
4594 =item One-pass global destruction
4596 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4598 =item Cache recently used regexps
4600 =item Re-entrant functions
4602 =item Cross-compilation support
4604 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4606 =item debugger pragma
4608 =item use less pragma
4610 =item switch structures
4612 =item Cache eval tree
4616 =item Shrink opcode tables
4618 =item Optimize away @_
4620 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4624 =item Prototype method calls
4626 =item Return context prototype declarations
4630 =item Garbage collection
4634 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4636 =item Rewrite perldoc
4638 =item Install .3p manpages
4640 =item Unicode tutorial
4642 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4644 =item Retargetable installation
4646 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4648 =item Rename Win32 headers
4650 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4652 =item Update sprintf documentation
4654 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4656 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4664 =item ref() in list context
4666 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4668 =item Compile to real threaded code
4670 =item Structured types
4672 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4674 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4678 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4680 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4684 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4686 =item Constant function cache
4688 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4696 =item Update guts documentation
4698 =item Add more tests
4700 =item Update auxiliary tools
4704 =item Recently done things
4708 =item Safe signal handling
4714 =item setitimer and getimiter
4716 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4718 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4720 =item Explicit switch statements
4728 =item perlcc to produce executable
4730 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4732 =item Secure temporary file module
4734 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4736 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4738 =item Mmap for input
4740 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4742 =item Add sockatmark support
4744 =item Mailing list archives
4748 =item Integrate MacPerl
4750 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4752 =item Regular expression tutorial
4754 =item Debugging Tutorial
4756 =item Integrate new modules
4758 =item Integrate profiler
4760 =item Y2K error detection
4762 =item Regular expression debugger
4766 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4768 =item Cache precompiled modules
4772 =item Deprecated Wishes
4776 =item Loop control on do{}
4778 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4784 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4786 =item Named prototypes
4788 =item Built-in globbing
4790 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4792 =item Cached hash values
4794 =item Add compression modules
4796 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4798 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4800 =item Make XS easier to use
4802 =item Make embedding easier to use
4806 =item my $Package::variable
4808 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4810 =item "class"-based lexicals
4814 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4816 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4818 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4820 =item Create debugging macros
4826 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4832 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4833 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4834 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4835 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4836 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4837 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4838 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4842 =item Keeping in sync
4844 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4845 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4847 =item Why rsync the source tree
4849 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
4851 =item Why rsync the patches
4853 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4854 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4856 =item Perlbug remote interface
4858 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
4859 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
4861 =item Submitting patches
4863 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4864 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4866 =item Finding Your Way Around
4868 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4870 =item Elements of the interpreter
4872 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4874 =item Internal Variable Types
4880 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4882 =item Millions of Macros
4884 =item Poking at Perl
4886 =item Using a source-level debugger
4888 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4889 finish, 'enter', print
4891 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4895 =item Patching a core module
4897 =item Adding a new function to the core
4899 =item Writing a test
4901 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
4902 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
4906 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4910 =item Rational Software's Purify
4912 =item Purify on Unix
4914 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4918 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4920 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4922 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4926 =item Gprof Profiling
4928 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4930 =item GCC gcov Profiling
4932 =item Pixie Profiling
4934 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4939 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4947 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4955 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4967 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4969 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4973 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4977 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
4983 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
4985 =item Incompatible Changes
4989 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
4991 =item AIX Dynaloading
4993 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time.
4995 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
4997 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
4999 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5001 =item Perl Parser Stress Tested
5003 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5009 =item Core Enhancements
5013 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5015 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5017 =item Unicode Overhaul
5019 =item Understanding of Numbers
5021 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5025 =item Modules and Pragmata
5029 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5031 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5035 =item Utility Changes
5037 =item New Documentation
5039 =item Performance Enhancements
5041 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5045 =item Generic Improvements
5047 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5051 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5055 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5059 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5061 =item Changed Internals
5063 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5067 =item Known Problems
5073 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5075 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5077 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5079 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5081 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5083 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5089 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5091 =item Failure of Thread tests
5099 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5101 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5103 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5105 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5107 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5109 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5111 =item The Long Double Support Is Still Experimental
5113 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5117 =item Reporting Bugs
5125 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5131 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5133 =item Incompatible Changes
5137 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5139 =item AIX Dynaloading
5141 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5143 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5149 =item Core Enhancements
5151 =item Modules and Pragmata
5155 =item New Modules and Distributions
5157 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5161 =item Utility Changes
5163 =item New Documentation
5165 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5169 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5171 =item Generic Improvements
5175 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5179 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5183 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5185 =item Source Code Enhancements
5189 =item MAGIC constants
5191 =item Better commented code
5193 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5201 =item Known Problems
5207 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5209 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5211 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5213 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5215 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5217 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5221 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5223 =item Failure of Thread tests
5233 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5235 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5237 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5239 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5241 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5243 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5247 =item Reporting Bugs
5255 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5261 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5263 =item Incompatible Changes
5265 =item Core Enhancements
5269 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5271 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5273 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5277 =item Modules and Pragmata
5283 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5287 =item Performance Enhancements
5289 =item Utility Changes
5291 =item New Documentation
5307 =item README.solaris
5311 =item Porting/repository.pod
5315 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5319 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5321 =item Generic Improvements
5323 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5324 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5325 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5329 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5333 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5337 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5339 =item Changed Internals
5343 =item Known Problems
5347 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5349 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5351 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5353 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5357 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5359 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5361 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5363 =item Failure of Thread tests
5365 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5367 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5369 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5371 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5375 =item Reporting Bugs
5383 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5389 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5391 =item Incompatible Changes
5393 =item Core Enhancements
5395 =item Modules and Pragmata
5401 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5405 =item Utility Changes
5407 =item New Documentation
5409 =item Performance Enhancements
5411 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5415 =item Generic Improvements
5419 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5423 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5427 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5429 =item Changed Internals
5431 =item Known Problems
5435 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5437 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5439 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5441 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5443 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5445 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5447 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5449 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5451 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5453 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5457 =item Reporting Bugs
5465 =head2 perl561delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5471 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5475 =item Security Issues
5477 =item Core bug fixes
5479 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5480 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5481 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5482 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5483 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5484 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5489 =item Configuration issues
5493 =item Bundled modules
5495 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5496 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5497 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5498 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5500 =item Platform-specific improvements
5502 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5504 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5506 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5508 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5510 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5512 =item "our" declarations
5514 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5516 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5518 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5520 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5522 =item open() with more than two arguments
5524 =item 64-bit support
5526 =item Large file support
5532 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5534 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5536 =item File globbing implemented internally
5538 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5540 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5542 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5544 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5546 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5548 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5550 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5552 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5554 =item Comments in pack() templates
5556 =item Weak references
5558 =item Binary numbers supported
5560 =item Lvalue subroutines
5562 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5564 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5566 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5568 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5570 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5572 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5574 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5576 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5578 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5580 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5582 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5584 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5586 =item Improved diagnostics
5588 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5590 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5592 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5594 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5596 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5598 =item Improved security features
5600 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5602 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5604 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5606 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5608 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5610 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5612 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5616 =item Modules and Pragmata
5622 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5623 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5624 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5625 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5626 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5627 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5628 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5629 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5635 =item Utility Changes
5649 =item The Perl Debugger
5653 =item Improved Documentation
5655 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5656 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5657 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5658 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5660 =item Performance enhancements
5664 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5666 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5668 =item Faster subroutine calls
5670 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5674 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5678 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5680 =item New Configure flags
5682 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5688 =item -Duselargefiles
5690 =item installusrbinperl
5696 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5698 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
5702 =item Platform specific changes
5706 =item Supported platforms
5710 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5718 =item Significant bug fixes
5722 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5724 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5726 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5728 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5730 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5732 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5734 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5736 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5738 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5740 =item Locale bugs fixed
5744 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5746 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5748 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5750 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5754 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5756 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5757 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5758 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5759 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5760 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5761 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5762 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5763 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5764 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5765 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5766 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5767 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5768 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5769 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5770 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5771 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5772 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5773 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5774 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5775 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5776 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5777 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5778 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5779 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5780 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5781 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5782 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5783 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5784 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5785 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5786 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5787 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5788 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5789 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5790 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5791 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5792 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5793 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5794 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5795 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5796 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5797 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5798 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5799 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5800 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5801 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5802 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5803 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5804 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5805 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5809 =item Incompatible Changes
5813 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5815 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5816 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5817 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5818 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5819 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5820 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5821 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5822 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5823 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5824 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5825 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5827 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5829 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5831 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5833 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5835 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5839 =item Known Problems
5843 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
5845 =item Known test failures
5847 64-bit builds, Failure of Thread tests, NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure,
5848 Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc
5850 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
5852 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5854 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5856 =item Experimental features
5858 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5859 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5860 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5864 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5866 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5867 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5868 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5869 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5871 =item Reporting Bugs
5879 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
5885 =item Core Enhancements
5889 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5891 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5893 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5895 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5897 =item "our" declarations
5899 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5901 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5903 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5905 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5907 =item open() with more than two arguments
5909 =item 64-bit support
5911 =item Large file support
5917 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5919 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5921 =item File globbing implemented internally
5923 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5925 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5927 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5929 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5931 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5933 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5935 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5937 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5939 =item Comments in pack() templates
5941 =item Weak references
5943 =item Binary numbers supported
5945 =item Lvalue subroutines
5947 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5949 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5951 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5953 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5955 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5957 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5959 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5961 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5963 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5965 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5967 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5969 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5971 =item Improved diagnostics
5973 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5975 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5977 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5979 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5981 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5983 =item Improved security features
5985 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5987 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5989 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5991 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5993 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5995 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5997 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6001 =item Modules and Pragmata
6007 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6008 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6009 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6010 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6011 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6012 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6013 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6014 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6020 =item Utility Changes
6034 =item The Perl Debugger
6038 =item Improved Documentation
6040 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6041 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6042 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6043 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6045 =item Performance enhancements
6049 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6051 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6053 =item Faster subroutine calls
6055 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6059 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6063 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6065 =item New Configure flags
6067 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6073 =item -Duselargefiles
6075 =item installusrbinperl
6081 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6085 =item Platform specific changes
6089 =item Supported platforms
6093 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6101 =item Significant bug fixes
6105 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6107 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6109 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6111 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6113 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6115 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6117 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6119 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6121 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6123 =item Locale bugs fixed
6127 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6129 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6131 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6133 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6137 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6139 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6140 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6141 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6142 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6143 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6144 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6145 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6146 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6147 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6148 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6149 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6150 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6151 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6152 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6153 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6154 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6155 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6156 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6157 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6158 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6159 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6160 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6161 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6162 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6163 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6164 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6165 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6166 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6167 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6168 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6169 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6170 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6171 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6172 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6173 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6174 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6175 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6176 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6177 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6178 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6179 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6180 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6181 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6182 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6183 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6184 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6185 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6186 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6187 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6188 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6192 =item Incompatible Changes
6196 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6198 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6199 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6200 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6201 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6202 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6203 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6204 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6205 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6206 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6207 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6208 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6210 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6212 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6214 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6216 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6218 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6222 =item Known Problems
6226 =item Thread test failures
6228 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6230 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6232 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6234 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6237 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6239 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6241 =item Experimental features
6243 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6244 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6245 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6249 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6251 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6252 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6253 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6254 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6256 =item Reporting Bugs
6264 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
6270 =item About the new versioning system
6272 =item Incompatible Changes
6276 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6278 =item Default installation structure has changed
6280 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6282 =item C Source Compatibility
6284 =item Binary Compatibility
6286 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6288 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6302 =item Regular Expressions
6304 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6305 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6306 improvements, Incompatible changes
6308 =item Improved malloc()
6310 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6312 =item Reliable signals
6314 =item Reliable stack pointers
6316 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6320 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6322 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6324 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6326 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6328 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6330 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6332 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6334 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6336 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6338 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6340 =item Better locale support
6342 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6344 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6346 =item Extended support for exception handling
6348 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6350 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6352 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6354 =item New C<lock> keyword
6356 =item New C<qr//> operator
6358 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6360 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6362 =item Tied handles support is better
6364 =item 4th argument to substr
6366 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6368 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6370 =item <> now reads in records
6374 =item Supported Platforms
6380 =item Changes in existing support
6384 =item Modules and Pragmata
6390 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6391 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6392 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6394 =item Changes in existing modules
6396 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6397 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6401 =item Utility Changes
6403 =item Documentation Changes
6405 =item New Diagnostics
6407 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6408 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6409 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6410 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6411 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6412 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6413 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6414 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6415 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6416 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6417 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6418 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6419 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6420 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6421 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6422 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6423 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6425 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6427 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6428 temporary file, regexp too big
6430 =item Configuration Changes
6440 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
6446 =item Supported Environments
6452 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6454 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6456 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6458 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6460 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6462 =item More precise warnings
6464 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6466 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6468 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6470 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6472 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6474 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6476 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6478 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6480 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6482 =item Changes to tainting checks
6484 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6485 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6487 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6489 =item Embedding improvements
6491 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6493 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6495 =item New and changed syntax
6499 =item New and changed builtin constants
6503 =item New and changed builtin variables
6507 =item New and changed builtin functions
6509 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6510 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6511 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6512 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6513 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6515 =item New builtin methods
6517 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6519 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6521 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6522 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6524 =item Malloc enhancements
6526 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6528 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6532 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6548 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6549 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6555 =item Required Updates
6557 =item Installation directories
6559 =item Module information summary
6573 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6577 =item Utility Changes
6583 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6587 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6591 =item C Language API Changes
6593 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6596 =item Documentation Changes
6598 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6599 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6601 =item New Diagnostics
6603 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6604 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6605 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6606 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6607 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6608 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6609 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6610 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6611 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6612 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6613 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6614 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6615 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6616 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6617 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6618 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6619 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6620 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6621 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6622 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6623 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6624 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6625 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6626 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6627 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6637 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6645 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6649 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6651 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
6653 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
6655 =item Using Large Files with Perl
6661 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
6671 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
6681 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
6695 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
6697 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
6699 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
6701 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
6707 =item Accessing documentation
6711 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
6713 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
6715 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
6717 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
6721 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
6725 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
6727 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
6729 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
6731 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
6733 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
6743 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
6751 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
6753 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
6757 =item Contact Information
6763 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
6773 =item gzip on BS2000
6775 =item bison on BS2000
6777 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
6779 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
6781 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
6783 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
6785 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
6787 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
6789 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
6823 =item Acknowledgements
6829 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
6835 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
6839 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
6841 =item Cygwin Configuration
6843 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
6847 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
6851 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
6853 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
6855 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
6856 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
6858 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
6860 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
6861 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
6863 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
6865 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
6869 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
6873 =item Warnings on Cygwin
6879 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
6883 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
6885 =item Hard Links on Cygwin
6887 =item Filetime Granularity on Cygwin
6889 =item Tainting Checks on Cygwin
6891 =item /etc/group on Cygwin
6893 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
6895 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
6899 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
6901 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
6903 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
6904 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
6906 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
6914 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
6926 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
6930 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
6932 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
6934 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
6936 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
6946 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
6956 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
6960 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
6962 =item Building Perl on DOS
6964 =item Testing Perl on DOS
6966 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
6970 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
6974 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
6976 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
6978 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
6980 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
6990 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
6998 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7000 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7002 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
7004 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
7008 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
7010 =item PATH Names on Epoc
7012 =item Editors on Epoc
7014 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7016 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7018 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7022 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7030 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7039 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7041 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7053 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7055 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7057 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7059 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7061 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7063 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7065 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7067 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7069 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7071 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7073 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7077 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7085 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7093 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7101 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7110 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7112 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7114 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7116 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7126 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7140 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7146 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7152 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7160 =item Binary distribution from HP
7162 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7164 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7166 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7168 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7170 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7172 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7173 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7175 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7179 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7181 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7183 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7185 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7187 =item Perl/iX Change History
7203 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
7215 =item Build new extensions
7219 =item Acknowledgements
7227 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7247 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7249 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7251 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7255 =item Frequently asked questions
7259 =item "It does not work"
7261 =item I cannot run external programs
7263 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7266 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7269 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7271 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7279 =item Automatic binary installation
7281 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7283 =item Manual binary installation
7285 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7286 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7287 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7288 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7289 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7295 =item Accessing documentation
7299 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7307 =item GNU C<info> files
7319 =item The short story
7323 =item Getting perl source
7325 =item Application of the patches
7333 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7336 =item Installing the built perl
7338 =item C<a.out>-style build
7346 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7348 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7350 =item Problems with tr or sed
7352 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7354 =item Library ... not found
7356 =item Segfault in make
7358 =item op/sprintf test failure
7362 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7366 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7370 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7372 =item Additional modules:
7374 =item Prebuilt methods:
7376 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7377 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7378 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7379 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7380 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7381 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7382 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7383 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7384 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7385 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7386 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
7388 =item Prebuilt variables:
7390 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
7396 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7399 =item Identifying DLLs
7401 =item Centralized management of resources
7417 =item F<perl___.exe>
7419 =item Why strange names?
7421 =item Why dynamic linking?
7423 =item Why chimera build?
7431 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7433 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7435 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7437 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7439 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7441 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7451 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7453 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7455 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7458 =item DLL forwarder generation
7462 =item Calls to external programs
7464 =item Memory allocation
7468 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7484 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7497 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7499 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7501 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7503 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7505 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7507 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7509 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7511 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7513 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7515 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7525 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7533 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7541 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7543 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7545 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7547 =item QNX auxiliary files
7551 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7559 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7569 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7571 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7573 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7575 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7579 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7583 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7595 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
7603 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
7609 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
7615 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
7617 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
7619 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
7623 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
7627 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7629 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
7631 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7635 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
7637 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
7638 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
7639 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
7645 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
7647 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7651 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
7653 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
7657 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
7661 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
7663 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
7667 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
7669 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
7671 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
7681 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
7682 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
7690 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
7692 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
7694 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
7696 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
7698 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
7700 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
7704 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
7710 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
7718 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
7720 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
7726 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
7736 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
7738 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
7740 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
7742 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
7744 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
7754 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
7760 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
7768 =item Organization of Perl Images
7774 =item Perl Extensions
7776 =item Installing static extensions
7778 =item Installing dynamic extensions
7782 =item File specifications
7788 =item Wildcard expansion
7794 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
7800 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
7802 =item Command line switches
7808 =item Perl functions
7810 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
7811 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
7812 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
7813 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
7815 =item Perl variables
7817 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
7819 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
7833 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
7841 =item Stratus POSIX Support
7845 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
7849 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
7851 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
7855 =item USING PERL IN VOS
7859 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
7861 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
7865 =item SUPPORT STATUS
7873 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
7883 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
7885 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC
7889 =item Testing Perl on Win32
7891 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
7893 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
7895 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
7896 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
7897 Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things
7901 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
7905 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
7906 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
7907 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
7915 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
7917 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7929 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7939 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
7940 data structures between threads
7952 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
7953 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
7963 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
7972 $thread = new(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
7973 threads->self, $thread->tid
7977 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
7980 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
7984 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
7985 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
7991 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8001 =item Built-in Attributes
8003 locked, method, lvalue
8005 =item Available Subroutines
8009 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8011 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8013 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8021 =item Default exports
8023 =item Available exports
8025 =item Export tags defined
8035 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8047 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8063 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8077 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8091 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8104 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8113 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8115 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8117 =item charnames::vianame(code)
8123 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8135 =item List constants
8137 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8139 =item Magic constants
8143 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8153 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8164 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8166 =item The I<splain> Program
8180 =head2 encoding - pragma to control the conversion of legacy data into
8189 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8195 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8209 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8219 =item subpragma access
8225 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8236 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8246 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8256 =item Adding directories to @INC
8258 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8260 =item Restoring original @INC
8270 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8281 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
8289 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8291 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8297 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8309 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8319 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8321 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8323 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8325 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8327 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8329 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8331 =item Overloadable Operations
8333 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8334 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8335 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8337 =item Inheritance and overloading
8339 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8340 is inherited by derived classes
8344 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8352 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8354 =item Copy Constructor
8360 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8362 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8363 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8364 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8367 =item Losing overloading
8369 =item Run-time Overloading
8371 =item Public functions
8373 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8375 =item Overloading constants
8377 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8379 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8381 =item Metaphor clash
8387 =item Two-face scalars
8389 =item Two-face references
8391 =item Symbolic calculator
8393 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8401 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8402 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8408 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8418 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8430 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8432 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8436 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8440 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
8448 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
8458 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
8466 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
8470 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
8480 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
8491 =item Utility functions
8493 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
8494 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
8502 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
8512 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
8520 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
8524 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
8532 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
8533 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
8534 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
8535 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
8536 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
8540 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
8550 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
8552 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
8562 =item DBM Comparisons
8572 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
8582 =item Subroutine Stubs
8584 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
8586 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
8588 =item Package Lexicals
8590 =item Not Using AutoLoader
8592 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
8602 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
8610 $keep, $check, $modtime
8614 =item Multiple packages
8622 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
8630 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
8634 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
8642 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
8656 =item B::PVMG METHODS
8660 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
8662 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
8664 =item B::PVLV METHODS
8666 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
8670 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
8674 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
8675 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
8679 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
8680 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
8684 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
8688 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
8693 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
8695 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
8699 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
8701 =item B::UNOP METHOD
8705 =item B::BINOP METHOD
8709 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
8713 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
8717 =item B::PMOP METHODS
8719 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
8721 =item B::SVOP METHOD
8725 =item B::PADOP METHOD
8729 =item B::PVOP METHOD
8733 =item B::LOOP METHODS
8735 redoop, nextop, lastop
8737 =item B::COP METHODS
8739 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
8743 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
8745 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
8746 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
8747 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
8748 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
8755 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
8768 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
8780 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
8792 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
8802 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
8803 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
8804 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
8814 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
8824 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
8825 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
8835 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
8845 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
8846 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
8847 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
8859 =item Context of ".."
8863 =item Deprecated features
8871 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
8881 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
8882 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
8883 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
8885 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
8887 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
8888 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
8889 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
8890 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
8891 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
8892 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
8893 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
8894 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
8900 =item OP flags abbreviations
8902 =item OP class abbreviations
8906 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
8912 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
8924 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
8934 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
8935 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
8937 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
8947 =item ambient_pragmas
8949 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
8961 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
8973 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
8981 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
8983 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
8984 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
8986 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
8996 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9006 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9012 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9024 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9036 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9038 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9050 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9060 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
9068 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9080 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9094 =item Standard Exports
9096 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9097 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9098 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9100 =item Optional Exports
9102 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9103 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9104 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9120 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9124 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9138 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9148 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9149 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9150 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9160 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9172 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9174 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9176 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9178 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9180 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9182 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9184 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9186 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9188 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9190 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9192 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9194 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9196 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9198 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9200 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9202 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9204 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9206 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9207 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9211 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9212 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9215 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9217 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9218 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9223 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9227 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9229 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9231 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9233 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9235 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9237 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9239 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9241 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9242 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9244 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9248 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9252 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9254 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9256 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9258 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9260 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9262 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9263 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9265 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9269 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9273 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9275 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9277 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9279 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9283 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9285 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9287 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9291 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9293 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
9297 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
9301 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
9305 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
9309 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
9313 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
9315 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
9317 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
9321 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
9323 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
9324 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
9326 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
9332 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
9333 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
9335 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
9337 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
9338 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
9341 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
9347 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
9351 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
9353 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
9354 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
9355 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
9356 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
9357 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
9358 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
9360 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
9362 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
9367 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
9369 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
9371 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
9372 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
9374 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
9376 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9380 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
9381 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
9382 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
9383 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
9384 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
9385 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
9386 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
9387 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
9388 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
9389 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
9390 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
9391 ...and many many more..
9393 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
9401 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
9411 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9419 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
9428 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
9430 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
9434 =item Changing the default message
9438 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
9448 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
9456 =item USING CGI::Cookie
9458 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
9462 =item Creating New Cookies
9464 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
9466 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
9468 =item Manipulating Cookies
9470 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
9474 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9482 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
9490 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
9492 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
9494 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
9496 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
9498 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
9500 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
9504 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9512 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
9522 =item Tags that won't be formatted
9524 =item Customizing the Indenting
9536 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
9544 =item USING CGI::Push
9546 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
9550 =item Heterogeneous Pages
9552 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
9556 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
9558 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9566 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
9576 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9584 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
9592 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9598 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
9608 =item Interactive Mode
9610 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
9611 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
9612 distribution, ls author, Signals
9620 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
9622 =item Programmer's interface
9624 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
9626 =item Methods in the other Classes
9628 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
9629 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
9630 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
9631 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
9632 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
9633 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
9634 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
9635 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
9636 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
9637 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
9638 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
9639 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
9640 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
9641 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
9642 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
9643 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
9644 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
9645 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
9646 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
9647 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
9648 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
9649 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
9650 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
9651 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
9652 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
9653 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
9661 =item Finding packages and VERSION
9665 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
9671 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
9672 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
9673 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
9674 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
9678 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
9680 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
9688 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
9690 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
9694 =item Three basic types of firewalls
9696 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
9698 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
9704 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
9716 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
9726 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
9739 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
9749 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
9757 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
9759 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
9769 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
9770 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
9771 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
9773 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
9781 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
9791 =item The C<struct()> function
9793 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
9795 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
9797 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
9798 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
9800 =item Initializing with C<new>
9806 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
9808 =item Author and Modification History
9812 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
9820 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
9832 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
9836 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
9837 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
9838 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
9843 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
9844 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
9848 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
9849 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
9850 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
9851 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
9852 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
9853 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
9857 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
9858 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
9859 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
9860 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
9861 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
9862 C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>,
9863 C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>,
9864 C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>,
9865 C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>,
9866 C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>,
9867 C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
9868 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
9869 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
9870 C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
9871 C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
9872 C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>,
9873 C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>,
9874 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
9875 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>,
9876 C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
9877 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
9878 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
9879 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
9880 C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>,
9881 C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
9882 C<d_htonl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
9883 C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>,
9884 C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
9885 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
9886 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
9887 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
9888 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
9889 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
9890 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
9891 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
9892 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
9893 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
9894 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
9895 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
9896 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
9897 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
9898 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
9899 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
9900 C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>,
9901 C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>,
9902 C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>,
9903 C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
9904 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>,
9905 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
9906 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
9907 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
9908 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>,
9909 C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
9910 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setpwent>,
9911 C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>,
9912 C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
9913 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
9914 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
9915 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
9916 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
9917 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
9918 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
9919 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
9920 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
9921 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>,
9922 C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>,
9923 C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>,
9924 C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
9925 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
9926 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
9927 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
9928 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
9929 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>,
9930 C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
9931 C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>,
9932 C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
9933 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
9934 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
9938 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
9939 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
9943 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
9944 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
9949 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
9950 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
9954 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
9958 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
9959 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
9960 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_fp>,
9961 C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
9962 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
9963 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
9964 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
9965 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
9966 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
9967 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
9968 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
9969 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
9970 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
9971 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
9972 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
9973 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
9974 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
9975 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
9976 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
9977 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
9978 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
9979 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
9980 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
9981 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
9985 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
9989 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
9990 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
9991 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
9992 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
9993 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
9994 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
9998 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
9999 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10000 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10004 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10005 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10009 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10010 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10011 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
10012 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10016 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10017 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10021 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10022 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10026 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10027 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10028 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10029 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10033 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10037 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
10038 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10042 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10043 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
10044 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
10045 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
10046 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
10047 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10048 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10049 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10050 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10051 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10052 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
10053 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
10054 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
10055 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10059 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10060 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
10064 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10065 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10066 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10067 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10068 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10069 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10070 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10071 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10072 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10076 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10077 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10078 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10079 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10083 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10087 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10099 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10109 =item getcwd and friends
10111 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10113 =item abs_path and friends
10115 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10127 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10139 =item Global Variables
10141 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10142 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10147 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10148 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10150 =item Client Callback Methods
10152 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10153 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10154 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10164 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10172 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10176 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10178 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10180 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10182 =item Default Parameters
10184 =item In Memory Databases
10192 =item A Simple Example
10200 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10202 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10204 =item The get_dup() Method
10206 =item The find_dup() Method
10208 =item The del_dup() Method
10210 =item Matching Partial Keys
10218 =item The 'bval' Option
10220 =item A Simple Example
10222 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10224 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10225 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10226 length, elements);>
10228 =item Another Example
10232 =item THE API INTERFACE
10234 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10235 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10236 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10237 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10241 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10242 B<filter_fetch_value>
10248 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10250 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10254 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10258 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10260 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10262 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
10264 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
10266 =item The untie() Gotcha
10270 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
10274 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
10276 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
10278 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
10280 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
10300 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
10301 printing and C<eval>
10313 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
10314 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
10315 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
10322 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
10324 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10325 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10326 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10327 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10328 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10329 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10330 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10331 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10332 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10333 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10334 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10335 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10336 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10337 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10338 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
10358 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
10366 =item PROFILE FORMAT
10378 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
10400 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
10410 =item Runtime debugging
10412 =item Memory footprint debugging
10420 =item A simple scalar string
10422 =item A simple scalar number
10424 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
10426 =item A reference to a simple scalar
10428 =item A reference to an array
10430 =item A reference to a hash
10432 =item Dumping a large array or hash
10434 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
10436 =item A reference to a subroutine
10450 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
10460 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
10468 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
10472 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
10473 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
10474 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
10482 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
10492 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
10496 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
10497 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
10509 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
10521 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
10533 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
10534 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
10535 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
10540 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
10541 veryCompact, set, get
10547 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
10555 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
10556 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
10557 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
10558 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
10565 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
10578 =head2 Encode - character encodings
10596 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
10598 =item Types of Encodings
10600 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
10601 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
10603 =item Specifying Encodings
10605 1. By name, 2. As an object
10607 =item Encoding Names
10609 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFCs, The name in the IANA registry, The
10610 name used by the organization that defined it
10614 =item PERL ENCODING API
10618 =item Generic Encoding Interface
10620 =item Handling Malformed Data
10622 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
10626 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
10628 =item Listing available encodings
10630 =item Defining Aliases
10632 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
10635 =item Defining Encodings
10639 =item Encoding and IO
10641 =item Encoding How to ...
10643 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
10644 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
10646 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
10648 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
10650 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
10652 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
10653 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
10657 =item Compiled Encodings
10659 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
10660 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
10668 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
10669 of the Encode extension
10675 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
10683 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
10685 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
10691 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
10699 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
10712 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
10727 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
10743 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
10753 =item How to Export
10755 =item Selecting What To Export
10757 =item Specialised Import Lists
10759 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
10761 =item Module Version Checking
10763 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
10765 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
10767 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
10773 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
10783 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
10804 mv source... destination
10806 cp source... destination
10824 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
10834 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
10844 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
10846 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
10850 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
10858 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
10861 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
10863 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
10865 WriteMakefileSnippet
10867 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
10868 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
10876 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
10888 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
10889 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
10899 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
10909 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
10921 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
10922 packlist(), version()
10930 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
10938 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
10944 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
10954 =item VMS implementation
10956 =item Win32 implementation
10964 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10965 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10973 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
10977 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10978 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11004 test_via_harness (o)
11006 tool_autosplit (override)
11024 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11025 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11039 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11051 =item Preloaded methods
11071 =item SelfLoaded methods
11117 file_name_is_absolute
11123 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
11163 maybe_command_in_dirs
11191 post_initialize (o)
11203 replace_manpage_separator
11217 test_via_harness (o)
11219 test_via_script (o)
11249 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11250 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11260 =item Methods always loaded
11272 =item SelfLoaded methods
11274 guess_name (override)
11278 find_perl (override)
11282 maybe_command (override)
11284 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
11286 perl_script (override)
11288 file_name_is_absolute (override)
11290 replace_manpage_separator
11292 init_others (override)
11294 constants (override)
11298 const_cccmd (override)
11300 pm_to_blib (override)
11302 tool_autosplit (override)
11304 tool_sxubpp (override)
11306 xsubpp_version (override)
11308 tools_other (override)
11318 top_targets (override)
11322 dynamic_lib (override)
11324 dynamic_bs (override)
11326 static_lib (override)
11328 manifypods (override)
11330 processPL (override)
11332 installbin (override)
11334 subdir_x (override)
11338 realclean (override)
11340 dist_basics (override)
11342 dist_core (override)
11344 dist_dir (override)
11346 dist_test (override)
11350 perldepend (override)
11352 makefile (override)
11356 test_via_harness (override)
11358 test_via_script (override)
11360 makeaperl (override)
11362 nicetext (override)
11364 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11365 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11391 test_via_harness (o)
11393 tool_autosplit (override)
11411 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
11421 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
11423 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
11431 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
11435 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
11437 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
11439 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
11441 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
11443 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
11444 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
11445 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
11446 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
11447 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
11448 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
11449 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
11450 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
11451 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
11452 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
11453 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE,
11454 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERM_RW,
11455 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
11456 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PRINT,
11457 PRINT_PREREQ, SKIP, TEST_LIBS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
11458 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
11460 =item Additional lowercase attributes
11462 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
11465 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
11467 =item Hintsfile support
11469 =item Distribution Support
11471 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
11472 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
11473 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
11475 =item Disabling an extension
11481 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
11489 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
11497 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
11501 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
11505 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
11506 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
11510 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
11518 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
11530 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
11540 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
11549 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
11557 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
11569 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
11577 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
11587 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
11599 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
11609 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
11613 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
11621 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
11625 C<basename>, C<dirname>
11629 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
11639 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
11653 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
11663 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
11665 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
11677 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
11687 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
11699 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
11707 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
11708 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
11709 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
11715 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
11723 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
11731 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
11732 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
11733 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
11737 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
11745 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
11757 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
11767 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
11768 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
11769 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
11777 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
11811 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
11829 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
11857 file_name_is_absolute
11879 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
11889 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
11922 file_name_is_absolute
11944 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
11960 =item Methods always loaded
11962 canonpath (override)
11980 case_tolerant (override)
11984 file_name_is_absolute (override)
11986 splitpath (override)
11988 splitdir (override)
12002 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
12032 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
12056 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
12070 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
12080 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
12088 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
12096 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
12098 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
12110 =item Temporary files and NFS
12122 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
12136 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
12148 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
12156 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
12162 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
12176 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
12178 =item All-in-one interface
12180 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
12182 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
12185 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
12187 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
12188 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
12189 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
12191 described in the previous section.
12193 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
12195 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
12207 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
12217 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
12221 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
12223 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
12231 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
12233 =item Example 2: Using the context
12235 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
12237 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
12241 =item Filter::Simple
12249 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
12257 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
12269 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
12285 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
12293 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
12295 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
12299 =item Simple options
12301 =item A little bit less simple options
12303 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
12305 =item Options with values
12307 =item Options with multiple values
12309 =item Options with hash values
12311 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
12313 =item Options with multiple names
12315 =item Case and abbreviations
12317 =item Summary of Option Specifications
12319 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
12323 =item Advanced Possibilities
12327 =item Object oriented interface
12329 =item Documentation and help texts
12331 =item Storing options in a hash
12335 =item The lonesome dash
12337 =item Argument callback
12341 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
12343 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
12344 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
12345 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
12346 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
12347 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
12349 =item Return values and Errors
12355 =item Default destinations
12357 =item Alternative option starters
12359 =item Configuration variables
12363 =item Trouble Shooting
12367 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
12369 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
12372 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
12374 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
12380 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12384 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
12395 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
12406 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
12417 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
12419 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
12421 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
12423 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
12425 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
12427 the function super_languages($lang1)
12429 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
12431 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
12433 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
12435 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
12439 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
12441 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
12451 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
12459 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
12461 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
12463 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
12464 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
12465 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
12466 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
12467 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
12468 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
12469 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
12470 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
12471 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
12472 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
12473 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
12474 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
12475 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
12476 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
12477 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
12478 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
12479 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
12480 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
12481 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
12482 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
12483 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
12484 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
12485 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
12486 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
12487 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
12488 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
12489 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
12490 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
12491 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
12492 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
12493 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
12494 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
12495 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
12496 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
12497 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
12498 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
12499 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
12500 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
12501 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
12502 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
12503 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
12504 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
12505 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
12506 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
12507 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
12508 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
12509 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
12510 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
12511 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
12512 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
12513 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
12514 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
12515 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
12516 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
12517 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
12518 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
12519 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
12520 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
12521 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
12522 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
12523 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
12524 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
12525 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
12526 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
12527 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
12528 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
12529 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
12530 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
12531 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
12532 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
12533 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
12534 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
12535 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
12536 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
12537 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
12538 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
12539 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
12540 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
12541 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
12542 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
12543 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
12544 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
12545 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
12546 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
12547 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
12548 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
12549 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
12550 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
12551 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
12552 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
12553 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
12554 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
12555 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
12556 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
12557 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
12558 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
12559 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
12560 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
12561 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
12562 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
12563 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
12564 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
12565 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
12566 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
12567 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
12568 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
12569 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
12570 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
12571 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
12572 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
12573 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
12574 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
12575 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
12576 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
12577 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
12578 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
12579 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
12580 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
12581 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
12585 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12591 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
12609 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
12613 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
12623 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
12631 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
12632 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
12642 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
12652 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
12656 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
12664 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
12674 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
12678 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
12679 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
12680 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
12681 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
12693 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
12703 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
12707 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
12717 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
12727 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
12728 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
12738 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
12746 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
12747 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
12756 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
12766 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
12770 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
12771 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
12772 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
12782 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
12796 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
12797 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
12807 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
12823 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
12836 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
12850 hostpath(), peerpath()
12860 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
12869 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
12870 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
12880 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
12890 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
12894 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
12902 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
12913 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
12917 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
12918 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
12919 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
12920 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
12932 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
12942 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
12946 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
12956 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
12966 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
12967 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
12977 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
12986 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
12987 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
12996 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
13007 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
13011 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
13012 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
13013 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
13023 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
13038 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
13039 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
13049 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
13050 AF_INET domain sockets
13066 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
13079 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
13080 AF_UNIX domain sockets
13094 hostpath(), peerpath()
13104 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
13114 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
13115 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
13126 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
13140 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
13153 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
13163 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
13164 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
13165 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
13176 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
13194 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
13204 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
13205 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
13216 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
13227 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
13228 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
13229 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
13240 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
13248 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
13249 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
13251 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
13257 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
13258 general-utility list subroutines
13266 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
13267 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
13269 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
13275 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
13276 general-utility scalar subroutines
13284 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
13285 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
13293 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
13301 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13305 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
13313 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
13325 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
13331 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13333 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
13334 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
13340 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13342 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
13348 =item CODE ALIASING
13358 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13362 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
13363 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
13364 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
13365 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
13373 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
13374 identification (ISO 4217)
13392 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13394 code2currency(), currency2code()
13400 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13402 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
13410 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13414 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
13422 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
13439 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13441 code2language(), language2code()
13447 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13449 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
13457 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13461 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
13462 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
13470 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
13478 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
13484 =item Construction Methods
13486 =item The "maketext" Method
13488 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
13490 =item Utility Methods
13492 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
13493 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
13494 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
13495 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
13497 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
13501 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
13503 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
13505 =item BRACKET NOTATION
13507 =item AUTO LEXICONS
13509 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
13511 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
13515 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13521 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
13529 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
13533 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
13535 =item The Linguistic View
13537 =item Breaking gettext
13539 =item Replacing gettext
13541 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
13543 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
13545 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
13547 =item Buzzword: Concision
13549 =item The Devil in the Details
13551 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
13559 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
13567 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
13571 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
13579 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
13580 of quoted-printable strings
13588 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
13594 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
13603 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
13609 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
13619 =item Canonical notation
13623 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
13625 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
13629 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
13630 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
13638 =item Autocreating constants
13644 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
13652 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
13660 Canonical notation, Input, Output
13662 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
13672 =item Rounding mode R
13674 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
13675 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
13676 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
13689 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
13697 =item Autocreating constants
13703 =item Alternative math libraries
13709 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
13713 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
13714 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
13725 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
13735 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
13739 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
13741 the same terms as Perl itself.
13749 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
13762 =item STRINGIFICATION
13766 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
13772 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
13774 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
13782 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
13790 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
13796 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
13798 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
13802 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
13804 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
13808 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
13810 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
13812 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
13813 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
13817 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
13823 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
13833 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
13851 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
13853 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
13857 =item OTHER FACILITIES
13863 =item C<flush_cache>
13869 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
13871 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
13879 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
13885 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
13894 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
13905 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
13917 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
13925 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
13933 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
13942 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
13951 =head2 Memoize::Saves - Plug-in module to specify which return values
13968 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
13976 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
13984 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13990 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13994 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13998 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
14008 =item Enforcing redispatch
14010 =item Avoiding repetitions
14016 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
14022 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
14032 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
14035 =item CLASS METHODS
14037 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
14038 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
14039 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
14049 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
14059 requires_firewall HOST
14061 =item NetConfig VALUES
14063 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
14064 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
14065 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
14069 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
14078 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
14086 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
14098 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
14102 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
14103 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
14104 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
14105 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
14106 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
14107 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
14108 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
14109 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
14110 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
14111 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
14112 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
14113 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
14114 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
14118 =item Methods for the adventurous
14124 =item THE dataconn CLASS
14126 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
14127 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
14129 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
14131 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
14133 =item REPORTING BUGS
14141 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
14149 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
14159 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
14163 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
14164 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
14165 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
14166 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
14167 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
14172 =item Extension methods
14174 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
14175 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
14176 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
14177 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
14186 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
14196 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
14208 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
14212 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
14213 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
14214 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
14215 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
14227 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
14239 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
14240 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();,
14241 pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
14255 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
14267 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
14271 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
14272 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
14273 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
14274 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
14275 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
14276 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
14287 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
14295 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
14296 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
14304 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
14321 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
14329 =item Where to get this document
14331 =item How to contribute to this document
14335 =item Author and Copyright Information
14343 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
14347 =item What is libnet ?
14349 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
14351 =item What other modules do I need ?
14353 =item What machines support libnet ?
14355 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
14359 =item Using Net::FTP
14363 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
14365 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
14367 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
14369 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
14372 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
14374 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
14376 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
14378 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
14380 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
14382 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
14385 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
14387 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
14390 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
14393 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
14397 =item Using Net::SMTP
14401 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
14404 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
14406 =item The verify method always returns true ?
14410 =item Debugging scripts
14414 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
14418 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
14422 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
14439 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
14454 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
14471 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
14479 =item THE .netrc FILE
14481 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
14486 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
14490 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
14500 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
14510 =item IMPLEMENTATION
14516 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
14524 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14530 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14534 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14538 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
14550 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
14552 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
14553 or optag, an operator set (opset)
14555 =item Opcode Functions
14557 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
14558 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
14559 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
14562 =item Manipulating Opsets
14564 =item TO DO (maybe)
14570 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
14572 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
14573 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
14574 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
14583 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
14592 a new namespace, an operator mask
14598 =item RECENT CHANGES
14600 =item Methods in class Safe
14602 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
14603 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
14604 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
14605 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
14607 =item Some Safety Issues
14609 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
14617 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
14630 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
14644 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
14645 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
14646 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
14647 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
14648 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
14649 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
14650 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
14651 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
14652 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
14653 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
14654 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
14655 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
14656 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
14657 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
14658 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
14659 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
14660 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
14661 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
14662 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
14663 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
14664 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
14665 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
14666 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
14667 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
14668 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
14675 =item POSIX::SigAction
14679 =item POSIX::SigSet
14681 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
14683 =item POSIX::Termios
14685 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
14686 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
14687 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
14688 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
14689 values, c_oflag field values
14693 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
14697 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
14701 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
14759 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
14768 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
14772 =item Defaults and how to override them
14782 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
14792 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
14800 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
14801 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
14802 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
14803 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
14804 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
14805 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
14806 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
14810 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
14816 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
14822 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
14828 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
14840 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
14841 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
14842 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
14843 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
14844 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
14845 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
14846 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
14847 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
14852 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
14853 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
14854 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
14855 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
14856 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
14857 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
14861 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
14862 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
14874 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
14876 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
14879 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
14881 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
14883 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
14885 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
14887 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
14895 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
14907 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
14909 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
14916 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
14922 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
14924 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
14931 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
14943 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
14953 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
14954 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
14969 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
14982 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
14983 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
14989 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
15013 =item B<was_cutting()>
15019 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
15025 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
15031 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
15037 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
15043 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15049 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
15055 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
15061 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
15067 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
15073 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
15079 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
15085 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
15091 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
15097 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
15103 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
15109 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15115 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
15121 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
15127 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
15133 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
15139 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
15145 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
15151 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
15157 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
15163 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
15169 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
15175 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
15181 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15187 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
15199 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
15211 =item OBJECT METHODS
15219 =item Data Accessors
15235 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
15237 B<StartWithNewPage>
15251 =item Subclassed methods
15265 B<interior_sequence>
15281 =item Methods for headings
15289 =item Internal methods
15295 B<_replace_special_chars>
15297 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
15303 B<_clean_latex_commands>
15305 B<_split_delimited>
15321 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
15329 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
15334 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
15335 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
15336 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
15347 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15351 =head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
15361 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15365 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
15379 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
15387 $list-E<gt>indent()
15395 $list-E<gt>parent()
15401 =item Pod::Hyperlink
15403 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
15407 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
15409 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
15413 $link-E<gt>warning()
15415 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
15421 $link-E<gt>alttext()
15431 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
15437 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
15441 =item Pod::Cache::Item
15443 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
15447 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
15449 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
15451 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
15453 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
15455 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
15457 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
15459 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
15469 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
15481 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15483 =item PARSING OPTIONS
15485 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
15486 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
15492 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
15500 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15506 =item B<verbatim()>
15508 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15514 =item B<textblock()>
15516 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15522 =item B<interior_sequence()>
15528 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
15540 =item B<initialize()>
15546 =item B<begin_pod()>
15552 =item B<begin_input()>
15558 =item B<end_input()>
15570 =item B<preprocess_line()>
15576 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
15582 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
15588 =item B<parse_text()>
15590 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
15591 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
15592 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
15598 =item B<interpolate()>
15604 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
15610 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
15616 =item B<parse_from_file()>
15622 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
15628 =item B<errorsub()>
15640 =item B<parseopts()>
15646 =item B<output_file()>
15652 =item B<output_handle()>
15658 =item B<input_file()>
15664 =item B<input_handle()>
15670 =item B<input_streams()>
15676 =item B<top_stream()>
15682 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
15688 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
15694 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
15700 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
15708 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
15728 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
15741 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
15743 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
15749 =item OBJECT METHODS
15755 =item B<curr_headings()>
15767 =item B<add_selection()>
15773 =item B<clear_selections()>
15779 =item B<match_section()>
15785 =item B<is_selected()>
15791 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
15797 =item B<podselect()>
15799 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
15805 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
15811 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
15817 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
15823 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
15835 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
15843 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
15847 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
15848 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph
15849 "%s", %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
15860 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15864 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
15878 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15882 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
15897 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15901 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
15902 text with format escapes
15916 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15920 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
15929 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
15938 =item Recommended Use
15946 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
15950 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
15957 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
15961 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
15965 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
15969 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
15975 =item OVER AND ITEMS
15977 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
15980 =item FORMATTING CODES
15982 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
15988 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
15996 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16002 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16006 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16010 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
16018 a new namespace, an operator mask
16024 =item RECENT CHANGES
16026 =item Methods in class Safe
16028 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16029 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16030 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16031 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16033 =item Some Safety Issues
16035 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16043 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
16051 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
16052 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
16060 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
16070 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
16080 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
16090 =item The __DATA__ token
16092 =item SelfLoader autoloading
16094 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
16096 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
16098 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
16100 =item Classes and inherited methods.
16104 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
16108 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
16118 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
16126 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
16127 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
16135 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
16136 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
16137 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
16138 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
16139 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
16143 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
16153 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
16157 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
16159 =item ERROR REPORTING
16167 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
16172 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
16173 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
16197 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
16211 =item Allowing fall-through
16213 =item Automating fall-through
16215 =item Alternative syntax
16217 =item Higher-order Operations
16233 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
16243 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
16255 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
16256 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
16264 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
16265 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
16276 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
16277 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
16285 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
16286 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
16297 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
16307 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
16308 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
16309 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
16313 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
16327 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
16343 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
16345 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
16347 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
16349 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
16357 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16365 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
16373 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
16383 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
16384 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
16392 =item Minimal set of supported functions
16394 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
16395 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
16397 =item Additional supported functions
16399 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
16409 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
16435 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
16439 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
16449 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
16469 =item Setting up tests
16485 =item Running tests
16491 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
16509 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
16521 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
16525 =item Test Status and Info
16533 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
16555 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
16565 =item The test script output
16567 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
16568 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
16569 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
16573 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
16598 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
16599 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
16600 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
16601 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
16605 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
16606 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
16621 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
16631 =item I love it when a plan comes together
16641 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
16669 =item Conditional tests
16679 =item Comparison functions
16695 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
16697 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family have some caveats, Test::Harness
16710 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
16734 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
16743 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
16751 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
16753 =item Where to start?
16757 =item Test the manual
16759 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
16761 =item Testing lots of values
16763 =item Informative names
16765 =item Skipping tests
16769 =item Testing with taint mode.
16781 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
16793 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
16803 =item General behaviour in list contexts
16807 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
16809 =item A note about prefixes
16811 =item C<extract_delimited>
16813 =item C<extract_bracketed>
16815 =item C<extract_tagged>
16817 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
16818 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
16820 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
16822 =item C<extract_quotelike>
16824 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
16826 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
16828 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
16830 =item C<extract_codeblock>
16832 =item C<extract_multiple>
16834 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
16840 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
16841 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
16842 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
16843 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
16844 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
16845 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
16846 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
16847 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
16848 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
16849 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
16850 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
16851 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
16856 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
16862 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
16877 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
16894 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
16909 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
16925 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl
16937 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
16938 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
16939 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
16943 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
16951 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
16959 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
16961 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
16967 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
16975 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
16977 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
16981 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
16993 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
17003 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
17011 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
17012 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
17013 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
17014 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
17022 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
17031 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
17032 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
17033 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
17034 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
17036 =item MORE INFORMATION
17038 =item COMPATIBILITY
17042 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
17050 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
17051 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
17055 =item MORE INFORMATION
17059 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
17077 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
17086 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
17088 =item MORE INFORMATION
17092 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
17104 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
17113 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
17114 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
17115 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
17116 getitimer ( $which )
17132 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
17140 =item IMPLEMENTATION
17146 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
17161 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
17176 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
17188 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
17196 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
17197 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
17201 =head2 Unicode::Collate - use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
17211 =item Constructor and Tailoring
17213 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
17214 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
17215 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
17217 =item Other methods
17219 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
17220 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
17221 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
17222 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
17223 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
17224 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
17225 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
17226 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
17238 Unicode Collation Algorithm - Unicode TR #10, L<Unicode::Normalize>
17242 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - normalized forms of Unicode text
17250 C<$string_NFD = NFD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFC = NFC($raw_string)>,
17251 C<$string_NFKD = NFKD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFKC = NFKC($raw_string)>,
17252 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $raw_string)>
17264 L<Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util>, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/
17268 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
17310 =item Blocks versus Scripts
17312 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
17314 =item Code Point Arguments
17340 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
17346 =item Implementation Note
17358 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
17373 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
17384 =item System Specifics
17398 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
17406 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
17408 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
17409 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
17410 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
17411 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
17412 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
17413 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
17414 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
17415 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
17416 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
17417 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
17418 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
17419 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
17420 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
17421 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
17422 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
17423 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
17429 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
17447 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
17459 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
17461 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
17462 don't all have manual pages yet:
17488 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles