4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Language-Specific
34 =item Platform-Specific
58 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
68 =item Running Perl programs
70 =item Basic syntax overview
72 =item Perl variable types
74 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
76 =item Variable scoping
78 =item Conditional and looping constructs
80 if, while, for, foreach
82 =item Builtin operators and functions
84 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
89 =item Regular expressions
91 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
92 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
94 =item Writing subroutines
98 =item Using Perl modules
106 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2003/01/31
115 =item Where to get the perlfaq
117 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
119 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
126 =item Author and Copyright Information
130 =item Bundled Distributions
136 =item Table of Contents
138 perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
139 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
140 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
141 Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
142 Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
148 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
150 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
152 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
154 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
156 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
158 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
160 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
162 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
164 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
170 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
178 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
188 =item Simple statements
190 =item Compound statements
198 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
202 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
204 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
210 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
224 =item Scalar value constructors
226 =item List value constructors
230 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
238 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
248 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
250 =item The Arrow Operator
252 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
256 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
258 =item Binding Operators
260 =item Multiplicative Operators
262 =item Additive Operators
264 =item Shift Operators
266 =item Named Unary Operators
268 =item Relational Operators
270 =item Equality Operators
274 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
276 =item C-style Logical And
278 =item C-style Logical Or
280 =item C-style Logical Defined-Or
282 =item Range Operators
284 =item Conditional Operator
286 =item Assignment Operators
290 =item List Operators (Rightward)
296 =item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
298 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
300 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
302 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
304 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
306 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
307 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
308 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
309 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
311 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
313 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
314 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
315 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
316 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
321 =item Constant Folding
323 =item Bitwise String Operators
325 =item Integer Arithmetic
327 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
335 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
345 =item Private Variables via my()
347 =item Persistent Private Variables
349 =item Temporary Values via local()
351 =item Lvalue subroutines
353 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
355 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
357 =item When to Still Use local()
359 =item Pass by Reference
363 =item Constant Functions
365 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
369 =item Subroutine Attributes
377 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
385 =item Perl Functions by Category
387 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
388 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
389 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
390 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
391 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
392 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
393 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
394 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
395 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
396 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
401 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
403 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
404 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
405 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
406 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
407 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
408 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
409 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
410 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
411 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
412 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
413 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
414 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
415 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
416 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
417 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
418 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
419 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
420 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
421 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
422 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
423 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
424 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
425 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
426 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
427 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
428 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
429 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
430 lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
431 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
432 KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
433 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
434 Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
435 EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
436 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
437 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
438 ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
439 package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
440 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
441 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
442 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
443 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
444 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
445 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
446 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
447 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
448 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
449 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
450 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
451 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
452 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
453 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
454 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
455 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
456 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
457 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
458 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
459 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
460 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format
461 parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum
462 width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat
463 FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME
464 (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK,
465 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
466 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
467 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
468 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
469 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
470 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
471 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
472 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
473 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
474 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
475 TEMPLATE,EXPR, unpack TEMPLATE, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use
476 Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use
477 VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
478 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
484 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
490 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
498 =item Making References
500 =item Using References
518 =item Distribution Conditions
524 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
530 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
531 more elaborate constructs
535 =item COMMON MISTAKES
537 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
539 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
545 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
549 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
551 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
553 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
557 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
561 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
563 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
565 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
569 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
573 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
575 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
577 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
581 =item HASHES OF HASHES
585 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
587 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
589 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
593 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
597 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
599 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
601 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
613 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
623 =item Simple word matching
625 =item Using character classes
627 =item Matching this or that
629 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
631 =item Extracting matches
633 =item Matching repetitions
637 =item Search and replace
639 =item The split operator
647 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
651 =item Acknowledgments
657 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
665 =item Ordinary Paragraph
667 =item Verbatim Paragraph
669 =item Command Paragraph
671 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
672 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
673 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
674 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
676 =item Formatting Codes
678 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
679 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
680 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
681 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
682 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
683 (zero-effect) formatting code
687 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
689 =item Hints for Writing Pod
699 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
706 =item Pod Definitions
710 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
711 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
713 =item Pod Formatting Codes
715 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
716 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
717 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
718 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
719 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
720 contains non-breaking spaces
722 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
724 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
726 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
728 =item About =over...=back Regions
730 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
738 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
746 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
764 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
766 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
767 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
768 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
769 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
771 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
773 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
774 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
775 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
779 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
781 =item Numerical Traps
783 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
785 =item General data type traps
787 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
788 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
790 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
792 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
794 =item Precedence Traps
796 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
799 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
801 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
802 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
805 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
807 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
813 =item Interpolation Traps
815 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
816 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
822 =item Unclassified Traps
824 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
831 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
841 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
843 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
845 =item Location of Perl
847 =item Command Switches
849 B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>], B<-a>, B<-C [I<number/list>]>, B<-c>, B<-d>,
850 B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e>
851 I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>],
852 B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>], B<-m>[B<->]I<module>,
853 B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
854 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
855 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
856 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
862 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
863 :perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
864 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
865 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port),
866 PERL_SIGNALS, PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
870 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
878 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
886 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
888 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
890 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
894 =item Backward Compatibility
896 =item Category Hierarchy
900 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
912 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
920 =item Looking at data and -w and v
924 =item Stepping through code
926 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
928 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
946 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
952 =item The Perl Debugger
956 =item Debugger Commands
958 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
959 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
960 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
961 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
962 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
963 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
964 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
965 command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [
966 command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source
967 file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man
970 =item Configurable Options
972 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
973 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
974 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
975 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
976 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
977 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
980 =item Debugger input/output
982 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
985 =item Debugging compile-time statements
987 =item Debugger Customization
989 =item Readline Support
991 =item Editor Support for Debugging
993 =item The Perl Profiler
997 =item Debugging regular expressions
999 =item Debugging memory usage
1007 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1015 =item Predefined Names
1017 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1018 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1019 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1020 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1021 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1022 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1023 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1024 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1025 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1026 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1027 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1028 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1029 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1030 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1031 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1032 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1033 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1034 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1035 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1036 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1037 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1038 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1039 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1040 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1041 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1042 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1043 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1044 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1045 ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F,
1046 @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1048 =item Error Indicators
1050 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1058 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1066 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1068 =item Growing Your Own
1070 =item Access and Printing
1082 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1088 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1094 =item Indirect Filehandles
1098 =item The Minus File
1100 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1106 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1110 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1114 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1118 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1120 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1122 =item Paths as Opens
1124 =item Single Argument Open
1126 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1130 =item Other I/O Issues
1134 =item Opening Non-File Files
1136 =item Opening Named Pipes
1138 =item Opening Sockets
1150 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1156 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1162 =item The Basic Principle
1166 =item Packing Numbers
1172 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1174 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1176 =item Floating point Numbers
1180 =item Exotic Templates
1192 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1196 =item Template Grouping
1198 =item Lengths and Widths
1202 =item String Lengths
1204 =item Dynamic Templates
1206 =item Counting Repetitions
1210 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1214 =item The Alignment Pit
1216 =item Alignment, Take 2
1218 =item Alignment, Take 3
1220 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1226 =item Funnies Section
1232 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1238 =item Part 1: The basics
1242 =item Simple word matching
1244 =item Using character classes
1246 =item Matching this or that
1248 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1250 =item Extracting matches
1252 =item Matching repetitions
1254 =item Building a regexp
1256 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1260 =item Part 2: Power tools
1264 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1266 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1268 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1270 =item Non-capturing groupings
1272 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1274 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1276 =item Conditional expressions
1278 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1280 =item Pragmas and debugging
1288 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1292 =item Acknowledgments
1298 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1308 =item Regular Expressions
1310 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1312 =item Extended Patterns
1314 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1315 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1316 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1317 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1321 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1323 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1325 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1327 =item Combining pieces together
1329 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1330 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1331 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1332 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1334 =item Creating custom RE engines
1344 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1354 =item Making References
1356 =item Using References
1358 =item Symbolic references
1360 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1362 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1364 =item Function Templates
1374 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1382 =item Format Variables
1392 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1400 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1408 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1410 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1412 =item Invoking a barnyard
1414 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1416 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1418 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1420 =item A few notes about @ISA
1422 =item Overriding the methods
1424 =item Starting the search from a different place
1426 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1428 =item Where we're at so far...
1430 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1432 =item Invoking an instance method
1434 =item Accessing the instance data
1436 =item How to build a horse
1438 =item Inheriting the constructor
1440 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1442 =item Adding parameters to a method
1444 =item More interesting instances
1446 =item A horse of a different color
1458 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1464 =item Creating a Class
1468 =item Object Representation
1470 =item Class Interface
1472 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1474 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1478 =item Other Object Methods
1486 =item Accessing Class Data
1488 =item Debugging Methods
1490 =item Class Destructors
1492 =item Documenting the Interface
1502 =item Overridden Methods
1504 =item Multiple Inheritance
1506 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1510 =item Alternate Object Representations
1514 =item Arrays as Objects
1516 =item Closures as Objects
1520 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1524 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1526 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1530 =item Metaclassical Tools
1536 =item Data Members as Variables
1544 =item Object Terminology
1550 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1556 =item Acknowledgments
1562 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1568 =item Class Data in a Can
1570 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1574 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1576 =item Inheritance Concerns
1578 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1580 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1582 =item Monadic Classes
1584 =item Translucent Attributes
1588 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1592 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1594 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1596 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1598 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1600 =item Translucency Revisited
1608 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1610 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1616 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1624 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1626 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1628 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1630 =item Method Invocation
1632 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1634 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1636 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1642 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1650 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1656 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1658 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1660 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1662 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1664 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1666 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1668 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1670 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1672 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1674 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1682 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1694 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1699 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1700 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1701 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1702 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1707 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1708 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1709 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1711 =item Tying FileHandles
1713 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1714 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1719 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1731 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1732 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1742 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
1750 =item Deferred Signals (Safe signals)
1752 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals
1753 triggered by operating system state
1757 =item Using open() for IPC
1763 =item Background Processes
1765 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1767 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1769 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1771 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1775 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1779 =item Internet Line Terminators
1781 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1783 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1787 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1791 =item A Simple Client
1793 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1795 =item A Webget Client
1797 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1801 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1803 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1805 =item UDP: Message Passing
1819 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1829 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1831 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1832 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1833 files, directories and network sockets
1835 =item Resource limits
1837 =item Killing the parent process
1839 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1841 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1843 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1844 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1845 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1857 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1865 =item Storing numbers
1867 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1869 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1871 Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
1872 mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
1873 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1882 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1890 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1892 =item Threaded Program Models
1904 =item Native threads
1906 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
1908 =item Thread-Safe Modules
1914 =item Basic Thread Support
1916 =item A Note about the Examples
1918 =item Creating Threads
1920 =item Giving up control
1922 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1924 =item Ignoring A Thread
1928 =item Threads And Data
1932 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1934 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
1938 =item Synchronization and control
1942 =item Controlling access: lock()
1944 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1946 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1948 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1950 =item Basic semaphores
1952 =item Advanced Semaphores
1954 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
1958 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1962 =item What Thread Am I In?
1966 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1968 =item What Threads Are Running?
1972 =item A Complete Example
1974 =item Performance considerations
1976 =item Process-scope Changes
1978 =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
1986 =item Introductory Texts
1988 =item OS-Related References
1990 =item Other References
1994 =item Acknowledgements
2002 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
2008 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2010 =item Threaded Program Models
2022 =item Native threads
2024 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2026 =item Threadsafe Modules
2032 =item Basic Thread Support
2034 =item Creating Threads
2036 =item Giving up control
2038 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2040 =item Errors In Threads
2042 =item Ignoring A Thread
2046 =item Threads And Data
2050 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2052 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2054 =item Controlling access: lock()
2056 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2058 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2062 =item Threads And Code
2066 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2068 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
2070 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
2072 =item Subroutine Locks
2076 =item Locking A Subroutine
2080 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2084 =item What Thread Am I In?
2088 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2090 =item What Threads Are Running?
2094 =item A Complete Example
2102 =item Introductory Texts
2104 =item OS-Related References
2106 =item Other References
2110 =item Acknowledgements
2118 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2124 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2133 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2135 =item Files and Filesystems
2137 =item System Interaction
2139 =item Command names versus file pathnames
2141 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2143 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2145 =item Standard Modules
2149 =item Character sets and character encoding
2151 =item Internationalisation
2153 =item System Resources
2163 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2164 http://testers.cpan.org/
2172 =item DOS and Derivatives
2180 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2188 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2192 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2194 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2195 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2196 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2197 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2198 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2199 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2200 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2201 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostbyname, gethostent,
2202 getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
2203 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
2204 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
2205 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
2206 kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
2207 lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
2208 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
2209 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
2210 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
2211 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2212 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2213 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2214 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2215 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2216 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2217 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2218 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2219 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2225 v1.49, 12 August 2002, v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000,
2226 v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999,
2227 v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April
2228 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December
2229 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August
2230 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2232 =item Supported Platforms
2236 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2240 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2247 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2253 =item The use locale pragma
2255 =item The setlocale function
2257 =item Finding locales
2259 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2261 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2263 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2265 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2267 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2269 =item The localeconv function
2271 =item I18N::Langinfo
2275 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2279 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2281 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2283 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2285 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2289 =item Other categories
2297 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2298 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2304 =item Backward compatibility
2306 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2308 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2310 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2312 =item Freely available locale definitions
2316 =item An imperfect standard
2320 =item Unicode and UTF-8
2326 =item Broken systems
2336 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2346 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2348 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2350 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
2352 =item Creating Unicode
2354 =item Handling Unicode
2356 =item Legacy Encodings
2360 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2364 =item Advanced Topics
2368 =item Questions With Answers
2370 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2372 =item Further Resources
2376 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2380 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
2382 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2386 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2394 =item Important Caveats
2396 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
2397 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2399 =item Byte and Character Semantics
2401 =item Effects of Character Semantics
2407 =item User-Defined Character Properties
2409 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
2411 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
2413 =item Unicode Encodings
2415 =item Security Implications of Unicode
2417 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2421 =item Using Unicode in XS
2429 =item Interaction with Locales
2431 =item Interaction with Extensions
2435 =item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
2443 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2449 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2457 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2461 =item 13 variant characters
2469 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
2471 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
2473 =item Unicode and UTF
2479 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2481 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2483 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2497 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2499 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2501 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2503 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2511 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2513 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2515 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2517 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2521 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2525 =item URL decoding and encoding
2527 =item uu encoding and decoding
2529 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2531 =item Caesarian ciphers
2535 =item Hashing order and checksums
2539 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2551 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2571 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2579 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2581 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2583 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2587 =item Protecting Your Programs
2597 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2609 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2615 =item Making your module threadsafe
2623 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2633 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2634 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2648 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2652 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2656 =item Pragmatic Modules
2658 assertions, assertions::activate, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint,
2659 bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding,
2660 fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re,
2661 sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version,
2662 vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
2664 =item Standard Modules
2666 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2667 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2668 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2669 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2670 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2671 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2672 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf,
2673 Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5,
2674 DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte,
2675 Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config,
2676 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess,
2677 Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR,
2678 Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO,
2679 Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode, English,
2680 Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command,
2681 ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed,
2682 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM,
2683 ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
2684 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN,
2685 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2686 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
2687 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial,
2688 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
2689 ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl,
2690 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob,
2691 File::Find, File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin,
2692 File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2,
2693 File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp,
2694 File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call,
2695 FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate,
2696 I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir,
2697 IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select,
2698 IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
2699 IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util,
2700 Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language,
2701 Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64,
2702 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2703 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::Scalar, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex,
2704 Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
2705 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
2706 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd,
2707 Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3,
2708 Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
2709 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
2710 PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint,
2711 Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
2712 Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
2713 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
2714 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
2715 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
2716 Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
2717 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util,
2718 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2719 Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
2720 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness,
2721 Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps,
2722 Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
2723 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
2724 Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific,
2725 Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash,
2726 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
2727 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize,
2728 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap,
2731 =item Extension Modules
2745 China, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Russian
2746 Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
2748 =item Central America
2754 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
2755 Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
2756 Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,
2757 Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United
2762 Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico
2766 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
2767 Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York,
2768 North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas,
2769 Utah, Virginia, ashington, Wisconsin
2773 Australia, New Zealand
2777 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
2783 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2787 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2789 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2791 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2799 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2805 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2809 =item Before you start
2817 =item Release considerations
2821 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2825 =item Has it been done before?
2827 =item Do one thing and do it well
2829 =item What's in a name?
2833 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2837 =item To OO or not to OO?
2839 =item Designing your API
2841 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2842 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2845 =item Strictness and warnings
2847 =item Backwards compatibility
2849 =item Error handling and messages
2853 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2859 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2861 perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
2862 perl Build test, perl Build install
2866 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2870 =item Version numbering
2872 =item Pre-requisites
2882 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2886 =item Reinventing the wheel
2888 =item Trying to do too much
2890 =item Inappropriate documentation
2896 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
2897 Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
2904 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2914 =item What should I make into a module?
2916 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2918 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2920 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2922 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2923 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2924 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2926 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2928 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2929 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2939 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.11 $, $Date:
2940 2002/12/06 07:40:11 $)
2950 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2952 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2954 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2956 =item What is perl6?
2958 =item How stable is Perl?
2960 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2962 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2965 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2967 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2969 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2971 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2973 =item What is a JAPH?
2975 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2977 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2978 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
2982 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2986 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.20 $,
2987 $Date: 2003/01/26 17:50:56 $)
2995 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2997 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2999 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
3001 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
3004 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
3005 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
3007 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
3008 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
3010 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
3012 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
3014 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
3016 =item Where should I post source code?
3020 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
3022 =item Perl in Magazines
3024 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
3026 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
3028 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
3030 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
3032 =item Where do I send bug reports?
3034 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
3038 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3042 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.33 $, $Date: 2003/01/31
3051 =item How do I do (anything)?
3053 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
3055 =item Is there a Perl shell?
3057 =item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
3059 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
3061 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
3063 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
3065 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
3067 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
3069 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
3071 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
3072 GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
3073 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
3075 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
3077 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
3079 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
3081 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
3083 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
3085 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
3087 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
3089 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
3090 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
3092 =item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
3094 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
3096 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
3098 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
3100 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
3102 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
3104 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
3106 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
3108 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
3110 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
3112 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
3114 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
3116 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
3117 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
3119 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
3121 =item What's MakeMaker?
3125 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3129 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.43 $, $Date: 2003/02/23
3140 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
3141 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
3143 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
3145 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
3148 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
3150 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
3151 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
3152 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
3153 from decimal to binary
3155 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
3157 =item How do I multiply matrices?
3159 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
3161 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
3163 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
3165 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
3173 =item How do I find the day or week of the year?
3175 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
3177 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
3179 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
3181 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
3183 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
3191 =item How do I validate input?
3193 =item How do I unescape a string?
3195 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
3197 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
3199 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
3201 =item How do I reverse a string?
3203 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
3205 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
3207 =item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
3209 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
3211 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
3214 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
3216 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
3219 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3221 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3223 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3225 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3227 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3229 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3231 =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
3233 There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
3234 be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3243 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3245 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3247 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3251 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3254 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3255 intersection of two arrays?
3257 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3259 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3261 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3263 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3265 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3267 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3269 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3271 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3273 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3275 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3277 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3281 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3285 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3287 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3290 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3292 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3294 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3296 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3298 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3300 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3302 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3304 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3306 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3308 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3310 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3313 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3314 array of hashes or arrays?
3316 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3324 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3326 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3328 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3330 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3332 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3334 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3336 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3340 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3344 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
3353 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3355 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3356 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3358 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3360 =item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
3362 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3364 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3366 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3367 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3369 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3371 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3373 =item How can I write() into a string?
3375 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3377 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3379 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3381 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
3384 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3386 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3388 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3390 =item How can I lock a file?
3392 =item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
3394 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3395 the file. How can I do this?
3397 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3398 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3400 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3402 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3404 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3406 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3408 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3410 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3412 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3414 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3416 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3418 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3420 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3422 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
3423 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3425 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3427 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3428 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3430 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3432 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3436 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3440 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 2003/01/03
3449 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3450 and unmaintainable code?
3452 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3454 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3456 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3459 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3461 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3464 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3466 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3468 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3470 =item What is C</o> really for?
3472 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3475 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3477 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3479 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3481 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3483 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3485 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3487 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3489 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3491 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3493 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3495 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3497 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3499 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3503 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3507 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.14 $, $Date:
3508 2003/01/31 17:38:14 $)
3516 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3518 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3521 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3524 =item How do I skip some return values?
3526 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3528 =item What's an extension?
3530 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3532 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3534 =item How do I create a module?
3536 =item How do I create a class?
3538 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3540 =item What's a closure?
3542 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3544 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3547 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3550 =item How do I create a static variable?
3552 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3553 Between local() and my()?
3555 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3558 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3560 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
3562 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3564 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3566 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3568 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
3571 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3573 =item How can I find out my current package?
3575 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3577 =item How do I clear a package?
3579 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3581 =item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
3585 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3589 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
3598 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3600 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3602 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3604 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3606 =item How do I print something out in color?
3608 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3610 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3612 =item How do I clear the screen?
3614 =item How do I get the screen size?
3616 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3618 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3620 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3622 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3624 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3626 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3628 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3630 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3632 =item How do I set the time and date?
3634 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3636 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3638 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3640 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3641 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3643 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3645 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3647 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3649 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3651 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3653 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3655 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3657 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3659 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3661 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3664 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3666 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3668 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3670 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3673 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3674 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3675 changes to be visible?
3679 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3682 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3684 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3686 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3688 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3690 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3692 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3694 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3696 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3698 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3700 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3702 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3704 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3707 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3709 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3713 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3717 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/01/31 17:36:57
3726 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3728 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3731 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3733 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3735 =item How do I extract URLs?
3737 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3738 file on another machine?
3740 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3742 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3744 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3746 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3748 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3750 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3752 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3754 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3755 CGI script to do bad things?
3757 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3759 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3761 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3763 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3765 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3767 =item How do I send mail?
3769 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3771 =item How do I read mail?
3773 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3775 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3777 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3779 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3783 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3787 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3797 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3801 =item Using The Back Ends
3805 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3809 =item The Decompiling Back End
3811 =item The Lint Back End
3813 =item The Simple C Back End
3815 =item The Bytecode Back End
3817 =item The Optimized C Back End
3821 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3823 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3824 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3825 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3827 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3833 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3843 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3844 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3848 =item Compiling your C program
3850 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3852 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3854 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3856 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3858 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3860 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3862 =item Execution of END blocks
3864 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3866 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3871 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3883 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3889 =item Debugger Internals
3893 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3897 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3899 =item Debugging regular expressions
3903 =item Compile-time output
3905 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3906 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3907 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3910 =item Types of nodes
3912 =item Run-time output
3916 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3920 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3922 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3923 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3926 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3928 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3930 =item B<-DL> details
3934 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3942 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3954 =item Version caveat
3956 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3968 =item What has gone on?
3970 =item Writing good test scripts
3974 =item What's new here?
3976 =item Input and Output Parameters
3978 =item The XSUBPP Program
3980 =item The TYPEMAP file
3982 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3986 =item What has happened here?
3988 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3990 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3992 =item More about XSUB arguments
3994 =item The Argument Stack
3996 =item Extending your Extension
3998 =item Documenting your Extension
4000 =item Installing your Extension
4004 =item New Things in this Example
4008 =item New Things in this Example
4010 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
4012 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
4014 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
4016 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
4032 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
4044 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
4046 =item The Argument Stack
4048 =item The RETVAL Variable
4050 =item The MODULE Keyword
4052 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4054 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4056 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4058 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4060 =item The CODE: Keyword
4062 =item The INIT: Keyword
4064 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4066 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4068 =item Default Parameter Values
4070 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4072 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4074 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4076 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4078 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4080 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4082 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4084 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4086 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4088 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4090 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4092 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4094 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4096 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4098 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4100 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4102 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4104 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4106 =item The FALLBACK: Keyword
4108 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4110 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4112 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4114 =item The CASE: Keyword
4116 =item The & Unary Operator
4118 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4120 =item Using XS With C++
4122 =item Interface Strategy
4124 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4128 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4130 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4142 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4152 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4154 =item File Operations
4156 =item File Input and Output
4158 =item File Positioning
4160 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4162 =item Character Class Tests
4164 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4166 =item Miscellaneous functions
4174 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4186 =item What is an "IV"?
4188 =item Working with SVs
4192 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4194 =item Working with AVs
4196 =item Working with HVs
4198 =item Hash API Extensions
4202 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4204 =item Creating New Variables
4206 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4208 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4210 =item Stashes and Globs
4212 =item Double-Typed SVs
4214 =item Magic Variables
4216 =item Assigning Magic
4218 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4222 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4224 =item Localizing changes
4226 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4227 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4228 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4229 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4230 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4231 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4232 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4233 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4234 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4235 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4243 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4245 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4247 =item Memory Allocation
4251 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4255 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4265 =item Examining the tree
4267 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4269 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4271 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4273 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4275 =item Pluggable runops
4279 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4281 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4285 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4287 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4289 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4291 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4293 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4297 =item Internal Functions
4299 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4303 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4305 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4307 =item Source Documentation
4311 =item Unicode Support
4315 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4317 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4319 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4321 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4323 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4325 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4329 =item Custom Operators
4337 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4343 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4345 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4347 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4367 =item Determining the Context
4371 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4377 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4379 =item Passing Parameters
4381 =item Returning a Scalar
4383 =item Returning a list of values
4385 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4387 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4391 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4395 =item Using call_argv
4397 =item Using call_method
4401 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4403 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4405 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4406 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4409 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4411 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4423 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4433 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4434 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4435 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4436 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4440 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4442 =item Administration
4444 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4448 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4449 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4457 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4467 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4469 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4471 B<Decryption Filters>
4473 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4475 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4477 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4489 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4497 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4498 B<filter_fetch_value>
4504 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4506 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4516 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4522 =item "Gimme" Values
4524 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4526 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4528 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4529 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4530 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4532 =item Callback Functions
4534 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4535 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4537 =item Character classes
4539 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4541 =item Cloning an interpreter
4545 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4547 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4549 =item Embedding Functions
4551 cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct,
4552 perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4554 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4556 pack_cat, unpack_str
4558 =item Global Variables
4560 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4564 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4565 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4569 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4571 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4573 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4574 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4575 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4576 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
4577 hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4579 =item Magical Functions
4581 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4582 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4583 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4585 =item Memory Management
4587 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4588 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4590 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4592 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
4593 strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
4595 =item Numeric functions
4597 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4600 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4602 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4604 =item Pad Data Structures
4608 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4610 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4611 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4612 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4613 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4614 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4618 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4620 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4622 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4623 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4624 new_version, scan_version, scan_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW,
4625 SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
4626 SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW, SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK,
4627 SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV,
4628 SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only,
4629 SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force,
4630 SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force,
4631 SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg,
4632 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
4633 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on,
4634 SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on,
4635 SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, SvVOK, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal,
4636 sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen,
4637 sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
4638 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg,
4639 sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear,
4640 sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from,
4641 sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow,
4642 sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8,
4643 sv_magic, sv_magicext, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref,
4644 sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b,
4645 sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force,
4646 sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype,
4647 sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg,
4648 sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv,
4649 sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv,
4650 sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv,
4651 sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted,
4652 sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade,
4653 sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
4654 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn,
4655 upg_version, vcmp, vnumify, vstringify
4657 =item Unicode Support
4659 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4660 pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display,
4661 to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper,
4662 utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length,
4663 utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
4666 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4668 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4669 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4671 =item Warning and Dieing
4681 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4688 =item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
4692 =item Functions in file pad.h
4694 CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS,
4695 PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH,
4696 PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL,
4697 PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR, PAD_SV,
4698 PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV
4700 =item Functions in file pp_ctl.c
4704 =item Global Variables
4706 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4717 =item Pad Data Structures
4719 CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon,
4720 pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex,
4721 pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new,
4722 pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef
4724 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4728 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4730 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4738 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4748 =item History and Background
4750 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4752 =item Data Structures
4754 =item Functions and Attributes
4756 =item Per-instance Data
4758 =item Layers in action.
4760 =item Per-instance flag bits
4762 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4763 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4764 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4765 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4767 =item Methods in Detail
4769 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4770 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4771 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4772 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4777 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4779 =item Extension Layers
4781 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
4789 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4797 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4798 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4799 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4800 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4801 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4802 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4803 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4804 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4805 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4806 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4807 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4811 =item Co-existence with stdio
4813 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4814 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4816 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4818 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4819 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4820 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4821 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4823 =item Other Functions
4825 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4826 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4832 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4838 =item To do during 5.6.x
4842 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4844 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4846 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4848 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4850 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4854 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4856 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
4858 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4860 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4862 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4864 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4866 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4868 =item Complete signal handling
4870 =item Out-of-source builds
4872 =item POSIX realtime support
4874 =item UNIX98 support
4878 =item Long double conversion
4882 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4884 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4886 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4888 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4890 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
4892 =item Custom opcodes
4894 =item DLL Versioning
4896 =item Introduce @( and @)
4898 =item Floating point handling
4900 =item IV/UV preservation
4902 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4904 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4906 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4908 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4910 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4912 =item Document Win32 choices
4914 =item Check new modules
4916 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4920 =item To do at some point
4924 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4926 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4928 =item bitfields in pack
4930 =item Cross compilation
4932 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4934 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4936 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4938 =item -i rename file when changed
4940 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4942 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4944 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4946 =item my sub foo { }
4948 =item One-pass global destruction
4950 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4952 =item Cache recently used regexps
4954 =item Cross-compilation support
4956 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4958 =item debugger pragma
4960 =item use less pragma
4962 =item switch structures
4964 =item Cache eval tree
4968 =item Shrink opcode tables
4970 =item Optimize away @_
4972 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4976 =item Prototype method calls
4978 =item Return context prototype declarations
4982 =item Garbage collection
4986 =item Rewrite perldoc
4988 =item Install .3p manpages
4990 =item Unicode tutorial
4992 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4994 =item Retargetable installation
4996 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4998 =item Rename Win32 headers
5000 =item Finish off lvalue functions
5002 =item Update sprintf documentation
5004 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
5006 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
5008 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
5010 =item Should overload be inheritable?
5020 =item ref() in list context
5022 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
5024 =item Compile to real threaded code
5026 =item Structured types
5028 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
5030 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
5034 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
5038 =item foreach(reverse ...)
5040 =item Constant function cache
5042 =item Approximate regular expression matching
5050 =item Update guts documentation
5052 =item Add more tests
5054 =item Update auxiliary tools
5056 =item Create debugging macros
5058 =item truncate to the people
5060 =item Unicode in Filenames
5064 =item Recently done things
5068 =item Alternative RE syntax module
5070 =item Safe signal handling
5076 =item setitimer and getimiter
5078 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
5080 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
5082 =item Explicit switch statements
5090 =item perlcc to produce executable
5092 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
5094 =item Secure temporary file module
5096 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
5098 =item Turn Cwd into XS
5100 =item Mmap for input
5102 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
5104 =item Add sockatmark support
5106 =item Mailing list archives
5110 =item Integrate MacPerl
5112 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5114 =item Regular expression tutorial
5116 =item Debugging Tutorial
5118 =item Integrate new modules
5120 =item Integrate profiler
5122 =item Y2K error detection
5124 =item Regular expression debugger
5128 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5130 =item Cache precompiled modules
5134 =item Deprecated Wishes
5138 =item Loop control on do{}
5140 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5146 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5148 =item Named prototypes
5150 =item Built-in globbing
5152 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5154 =item Cached hash values
5156 =item Add compression modules
5158 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5160 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5162 =item Make XS easier to use
5164 =item Make embedding easier to use
5168 =item my $Package::variable
5170 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5172 =item "class"-based lexicals
5176 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5178 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5180 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5182 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5188 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
5194 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
5195 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
5196 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
5197 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
5198 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
5199 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
5200 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
5204 =item Keeping in sync
5206 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
5207 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
5209 =item Why rsync the source tree
5211 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
5213 =item Why rsync the patches
5215 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
5216 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
5218 =item Perlbug administration
5220 =item Submitting patches
5222 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
5223 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
5225 =item Finding Your Way Around
5227 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
5229 =item Elements of the interpreter
5231 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
5233 =item Internal Variable Types
5239 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5241 =item Millions of Macros
5243 =item Poking at Perl
5245 =item Using a source-level debugger
5247 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5248 finish, 'enter', print
5250 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5254 =item Patching a core module
5256 =item Adding a new function to the core
5258 =item Writing a test
5260 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5261 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base t/comp,
5262 t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5264 =item Special Make Test Targets
5266 coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third
5267 ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8,
5270 =item Running tests by hand
5272 PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
5276 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5280 =item Rational Software's Purify
5282 =item Purify on Unix
5284 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5288 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5290 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5292 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5296 =item Gprof Profiling
5298 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5300 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5302 =item Pixie Profiling
5304 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5307 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5311 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5319 =head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
5329 B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I<module>, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f>
5330 I<perlfunc>, B<-q> I<perlfaq-search-regexp>, B<-T>, B<-d>
5331 I<destination-filename>, B<-o> I<output-formatname>, B<-M> I<module-name>,
5332 B<-w> I<option:value> or B<-w> I<option>, B<-X>,
5333 B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>, B<-n> I<some-formatter>, B<-r>, B<-i>,
5344 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5352 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5364 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5366 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5370 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5374 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.0
5380 =item Incompatible Changes
5382 =item Core Enhancements
5386 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5390 =item Modules and Pragmata
5392 =item Utility Changes
5394 =item New Documentation
5396 =item Performance Enhancements
5398 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5400 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5402 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5404 =item Changed Internals
5408 =item Known Problems
5410 =item Platform Specific Problems
5412 =item Reporting Bugs
5418 =head2 perl58delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5424 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5426 =item Incompatible Changes
5430 =item Binary Incompatibility
5432 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5434 =item AIX Dynaloading
5436 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
5438 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5440 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5442 =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
5444 =item New Unicode Properties
5446 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5448 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5450 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
5456 =item Core Enhancements
5460 =item Unicode Overhaul
5462 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5466 =item Restricted Hashes
5470 =item Understanding of Numbers
5472 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
5474 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5478 =item Modules and Pragmata
5482 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5484 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5488 =item Utility Changes
5490 =item New Documentation
5492 =item Performance Enhancements
5494 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5498 =item Generic Improvements
5500 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5504 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5508 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5512 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5514 =item Changed Internals
5516 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
5520 =item Known Problems
5524 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
5526 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5528 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5530 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
5532 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5534 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5536 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
5538 =item PDL failing some tests
5542 =item Self-tying Problems
5544 =item ext/threads/t/libc
5546 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5548 =item Timing problems
5550 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
5552 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
5556 =item Platform Specific Problems
5562 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
5568 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
5570 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
5572 =item DJGPP Failures
5574 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
5576 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
5578 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
5580 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5582 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
5584 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5588 =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
5590 =item OS/2 Test Failures
5592 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5598 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
5600 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
5602 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
5614 =item XML::Parser not working
5618 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5620 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5624 =item Reporting Bugs
5632 =head2 perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
5640 =item Reporting Bugs
5648 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5654 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5656 =item Incompatible Changes
5660 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5662 =item AIX Dynaloading
5664 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5666 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5672 =item Core Enhancements
5674 =item Modules and Pragmata
5678 =item New Modules and Distributions
5680 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5684 =item Utility Changes
5686 =item New Documentation
5688 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5692 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5694 =item Generic Improvements
5698 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5702 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5706 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5708 =item Source Code Enhancements
5712 =item MAGIC constants
5714 =item Better commented code
5716 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5724 =item Known Problems
5730 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5732 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5734 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5736 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5738 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5740 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5744 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5746 =item Failure of Thread tests
5756 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5758 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5760 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5762 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5764 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5766 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5770 =item Reporting Bugs
5778 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5784 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5786 =item Incompatible Changes
5788 =item Core Enhancements
5792 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5794 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5796 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5800 =item Modules and Pragmata
5806 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5810 =item Performance Enhancements
5812 =item Utility Changes
5814 =item New Documentation
5830 =item README.solaris
5834 =item Porting/repository.pod
5838 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5842 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5844 =item Generic Improvements
5846 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5847 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5848 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5852 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5856 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5860 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5862 =item Changed Internals
5866 =item Known Problems
5870 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5872 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5874 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5876 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5880 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5882 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5884 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5886 =item Failure of Thread tests
5888 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5890 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5892 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5894 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5898 =item Reporting Bugs
5906 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5912 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5914 =item Incompatible Changes
5916 =item Core Enhancements
5918 =item Modules and Pragmata
5924 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5928 =item Utility Changes
5930 =item New Documentation
5932 =item Performance Enhancements
5934 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5938 =item Generic Improvements
5942 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5946 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5950 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5952 =item Changed Internals
5954 =item Known Problems
5958 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5960 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5962 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5964 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5966 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5968 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5970 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5972 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5974 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5976 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5980 =item Reporting Bugs
5988 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5994 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5998 =item Security Issues
6000 =item Core bug fixes
6002 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
6003 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
6004 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
6005 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
6006 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
6007 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
6012 =item Configuration issues
6016 =item Bundled modules
6018 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
6019 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
6020 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
6021 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
6023 =item Platform-specific improvements
6025 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
6029 =item Core Enhancements
6033 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6035 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6037 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6039 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6041 =item "our" declarations
6043 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6045 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6047 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6049 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6051 =item open() with more than two arguments
6053 =item 64-bit support
6055 =item Large file support
6061 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6063 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6065 =item File globbing implemented internally
6067 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6069 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6071 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6073 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6075 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6077 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6079 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6081 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6083 =item Comments in pack() templates
6085 =item Weak references
6087 =item Binary numbers supported
6089 =item Lvalue subroutines
6091 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6093 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6095 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6097 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6099 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6101 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6103 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6105 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6107 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6109 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6111 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6113 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6115 =item Improved diagnostics
6117 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6119 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6121 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6123 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6125 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6127 =item Improved security features
6129 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6131 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6133 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6135 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6137 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6139 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6141 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6145 =item Modules and Pragmata
6151 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6152 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6153 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6154 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6155 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6156 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6157 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6158 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6164 =item Utility Changes
6178 =item The Perl Debugger
6182 =item Improved Documentation
6184 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6185 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6186 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6187 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6189 =item Performance enhancements
6193 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6195 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6197 =item Faster subroutine calls
6199 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6203 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6207 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6209 =item New Configure flags
6211 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6217 =item -Duselargefiles
6219 =item installusrbinperl
6225 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6227 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6231 =item Platform specific changes
6235 =item Supported platforms
6239 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6247 =item Significant bug fixes
6251 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6253 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6255 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6257 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6259 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6261 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6263 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6265 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6267 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6269 =item Locale bugs fixed
6273 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6275 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6277 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6279 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6283 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6285 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6286 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6287 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6288 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6289 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6290 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6291 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6292 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6293 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6294 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6295 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6296 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6297 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6298 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6299 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6300 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6301 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6302 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6303 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6304 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6305 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6306 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6307 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6308 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6309 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6310 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6311 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6312 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6313 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6314 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6315 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6316 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6317 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6318 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6319 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6320 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6321 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6322 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6323 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6324 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6325 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6326 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6327 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6328 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6329 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6330 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6331 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6332 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6333 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6334 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6338 =item Incompatible Changes
6342 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6344 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6345 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6346 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6347 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6348 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6349 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6350 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6351 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6352 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6353 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6354 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6356 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6358 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6360 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6362 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6364 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6368 =item Known Problems
6372 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6374 =item Known test failures
6376 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6378 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6380 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6382 =item Experimental features
6384 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6385 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6386 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6390 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6392 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6393 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6394 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6395 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6397 =item Reporting Bugs
6405 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6411 =item Core Enhancements
6415 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6417 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6419 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6421 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6423 =item "our" declarations
6425 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6427 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6429 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6431 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6433 =item open() with more than two arguments
6435 =item 64-bit support
6437 =item Large file support
6443 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6445 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6447 =item File globbing implemented internally
6449 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6451 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6453 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6455 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6457 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6459 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6461 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6463 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6465 =item Comments in pack() templates
6467 =item Weak references
6469 =item Binary numbers supported
6471 =item Lvalue subroutines
6473 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6475 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6477 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6479 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6481 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6483 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6485 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6487 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6489 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6491 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6493 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6495 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6497 =item Improved diagnostics
6499 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6501 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6503 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6505 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6507 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6509 =item Improved security features
6511 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6513 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6515 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6517 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6519 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6521 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6523 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6527 =item Modules and Pragmata
6533 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6534 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6535 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6536 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6537 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6538 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6539 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6540 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6546 =item Utility Changes
6560 =item The Perl Debugger
6564 =item Improved Documentation
6566 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6567 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6568 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6569 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6571 =item Performance enhancements
6575 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6577 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6579 =item Faster subroutine calls
6581 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6585 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6589 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6591 =item New Configure flags
6593 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6599 =item -Duselargefiles
6601 =item installusrbinperl
6607 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6611 =item Platform specific changes
6615 =item Supported platforms
6619 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6627 =item Significant bug fixes
6631 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6633 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6635 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6637 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6639 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6641 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6643 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6645 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6647 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6649 =item Locale bugs fixed
6653 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6655 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6657 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6659 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6663 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6665 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6666 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6667 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6668 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6669 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6670 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6671 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6672 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6673 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6674 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6675 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6676 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6677 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6678 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6679 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6680 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6681 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6682 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6683 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6684 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6685 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6686 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6687 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6688 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6689 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6690 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6691 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6692 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6693 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6694 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6695 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6696 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6697 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6698 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6699 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6700 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6701 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6702 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6703 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6704 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6705 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6706 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6707 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6708 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6709 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6710 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6711 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6712 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6713 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6714 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6718 =item Incompatible Changes
6722 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6724 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6725 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6726 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6727 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6728 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6729 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6730 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6731 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6732 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6733 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6734 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6736 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6738 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6740 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6742 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6744 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6748 =item Known Problems
6752 =item Thread test failures
6754 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6756 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6758 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6760 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6763 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6765 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6767 =item Experimental features
6769 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6770 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6771 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6775 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6777 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6778 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6779 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6780 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6782 =item Reporting Bugs
6790 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6796 =item About the new versioning system
6798 =item Incompatible Changes
6802 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6804 =item Default installation structure has changed
6806 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6808 =item C Source Compatibility
6810 =item Binary Compatibility
6812 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6814 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6828 =item Regular Expressions
6830 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6831 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6832 improvements, Incompatible changes
6834 =item Improved malloc()
6836 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6838 =item Reliable signals
6840 =item Reliable stack pointers
6842 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6846 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6848 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6850 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6852 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6854 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6856 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6858 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6860 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6862 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6864 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6866 =item Better locale support
6868 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6870 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6872 =item Extended support for exception handling
6874 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6876 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6878 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6880 =item New C<lock> keyword
6882 =item New C<qr//> operator
6884 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6886 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6888 =item Tied handles support is better
6890 =item 4th argument to substr
6892 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6894 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6896 =item <> now reads in records
6900 =item Supported Platforms
6906 =item Changes in existing support
6910 =item Modules and Pragmata
6916 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6917 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6918 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6920 =item Changes in existing modules
6922 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6923 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6927 =item Utility Changes
6929 =item Documentation Changes
6931 =item New Diagnostics
6933 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6934 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6935 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6936 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6937 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6938 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6939 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6940 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6941 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6942 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6943 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6944 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6945 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6946 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6947 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6948 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6949 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6951 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6953 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6954 temporary file, regexp too big
6956 =item Configuration Changes
6966 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
6972 =item Supported Environments
6978 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6980 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6982 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6984 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6986 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6988 =item More precise warnings
6990 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6992 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6994 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6996 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6998 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
7000 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
7002 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
7004 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
7006 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
7008 =item Changes to tainting checks
7010 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
7011 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
7013 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
7015 =item Embedding improvements
7017 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
7019 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
7021 =item New and changed syntax
7025 =item New and changed builtin constants
7029 =item New and changed builtin variables
7033 =item New and changed builtin functions
7035 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
7036 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
7037 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
7038 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
7039 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
7041 =item New builtin methods
7043 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
7045 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
7047 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
7048 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
7050 =item Malloc enhancements
7052 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
7054 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
7058 =item Support for More Operating Systems
7074 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
7075 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
7081 =item Required Updates
7083 =item Installation directories
7085 =item Module information summary
7099 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
7103 =item Utility Changes
7109 Sends converted HTML to standard output
7113 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
7117 =item C Language API Changes
7119 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
7122 =item Documentation Changes
7124 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
7125 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
7127 =item New Diagnostics
7129 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
7130 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
7131 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
7132 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
7133 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
7134 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
7135 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
7136 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
7137 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
7138 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
7139 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
7140 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
7141 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
7142 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
7143 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
7144 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
7145 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
7146 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
7147 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
7148 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
7149 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
7150 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
7151 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
7152 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
7153 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
7161 =item The "Artistic License"
7167 Package, Standard Version, Copyright Holder, You, Reasonable copying fee,
7176 =item GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
7180 =item The License Text
7186 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
7194 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
7198 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
7200 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
7202 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
7204 =item Using Large Files with Perl
7210 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
7220 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
7230 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7246 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7248 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7250 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7252 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7258 =item Accessing documentation
7262 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7264 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7266 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7268 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7272 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7276 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7278 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7280 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7282 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7284 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7288 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
7296 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7304 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7306 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7310 =item Contact Information
7312 =item Update 2002-05-30
7318 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7328 =item gzip on BS2000
7330 =item bison on BS2000
7332 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7334 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7336 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7338 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7340 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7342 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7344 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7374 Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's
7375 celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources
7379 go to ./wince subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run compile.bat, run
7384 =item Acknowledgements
7390 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7396 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7400 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7402 =item Cygwin Configuration
7404 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7408 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7412 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7414 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7416 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7417 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
7419 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7421 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7422 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7425 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7427 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7431 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7435 =item Warnings on Cygwin
7441 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7445 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7447 =item NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
7449 =item fork() failures in io_* tests
7451 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7453 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
7457 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7459 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7461 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7462 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7464 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7472 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7484 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7488 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7490 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7492 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7494 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7504 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7514 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7518 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7520 =item Building Perl on DOS
7522 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7524 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7528 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7532 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7534 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7536 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7538 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7548 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7556 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7558 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7562 =item Editors on Epoc
7564 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7566 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7568 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7572 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7580 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
7588 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
7590 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
7592 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
7600 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7609 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7611 =item Using perl from HP's porting centre
7613 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7625 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7627 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7629 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7631 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7633 =item The GNU C Compiler
7635 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7637 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7639 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7641 =item Oracle on HP-UX
7643 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7645 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7647 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7649 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7653 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7661 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7669 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7677 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
7685 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
7687 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
7689 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
7691 =item Linker Problems in Irix
7693 =item Malloc in Irix
7695 =item Building with threads in Irix
7705 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7714 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7716 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7718 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7720 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7730 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7744 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7750 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7756 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7764 =item Binary distribution from HP
7766 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7768 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7770 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7772 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7774 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7776 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7777 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7779 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7783 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7785 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7787 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7789 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7791 =item Perl/iX Change History
7807 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
7819 =item Build new extensions
7821 =item Acknowledgements
7829 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7849 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7851 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7853 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7857 =item Frequently asked questions
7861 =item "It does not work"
7863 =item I cannot run external programs
7865 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7868 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7871 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7873 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7881 =item Automatic binary installation
7883 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7885 =item Manual binary installation
7887 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7888 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7889 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7890 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7891 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7897 =item Accessing documentation
7901 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7909 =item GNU C<info> files
7921 =item The short story
7925 =item Getting perl source
7927 =item Application of the patches
7935 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7938 =item Installing the built perl
7940 =item C<a.out>-style build
7948 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7950 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7952 =item Problems with tr or sed
7954 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7956 =item Library ... not found
7958 =item Segfault in make
7960 =item op/sprintf test failure
7964 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7968 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7972 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7974 =item Additional modules:
7976 =item Prebuilt methods:
7978 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7979 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7980 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7981 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7982 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7983 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7984 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7985 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7986 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7987 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7988 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
7989 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
7991 =item Prebuilt variables:
7993 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
8000 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
8003 =item Identifying DLLs
8005 =item Centralized management of resources
8007 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
8008 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
8009 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
8010 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
8024 =item F<perl___.exe>
8026 =item Why strange names?
8028 =item Why dynamic linking?
8030 =item Why chimera build?
8038 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
8040 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
8042 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
8044 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
8046 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
8048 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
8056 =item Text-mode filehandles
8060 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
8062 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
8064 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
8067 =item DLL forwarder generation
8071 =item Calls to external programs
8073 =item Memory allocation
8077 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
8093 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
8106 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
8108 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
8110 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
8112 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
8114 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8116 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8118 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8120 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
8122 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8124 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
8134 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
8142 =head2 perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400
8150 =item Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE
8152 =item Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE
8154 =item Using Perl in OS/400 PASE
8156 =item Known Problems
8166 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
8174 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
8176 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
8178 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
8180 =item QNX auxiliary files
8184 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
8192 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
8202 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
8204 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
8206 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
8208 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
8212 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
8216 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
8228 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
8236 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
8242 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
8248 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
8250 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
8252 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
8256 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
8260 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
8262 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
8264 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
8268 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
8270 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
8271 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
8272 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
8278 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
8280 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8284 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
8286 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
8290 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
8294 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
8296 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
8300 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
8302 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
8304 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
8314 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
8315 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
8323 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
8325 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
8327 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
8329 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
8331 =item DB_File tests failing on Tru64
8333 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
8335 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
8339 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
8341 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
8343 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
8349 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
8357 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
8359 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
8365 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
8375 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
8377 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8379 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
8381 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
8383 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
8393 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
8399 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
8407 =item Organization of Perl Images
8413 =item Perl Extensions
8415 =item Installing static extensions
8417 =item Installing dynamic extensions
8421 =item File specifications
8427 =item Wildcard expansion
8433 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8439 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8441 =item Command line switches
8447 =item Perl functions
8449 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
8450 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
8451 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
8452 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
8454 =item Perl variables
8456 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
8458 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
8472 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
8478 =item BUILDING PERL FOR VOS
8480 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
8482 =item USING PERL IN VOS
8486 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
8488 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
8494 =item SUPPORT STATUS
8502 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
8512 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
8514 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
8515 SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW32 with gcc, MinGW release 1
8519 =item Testing Perl on Win32
8521 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
8523 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
8525 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
8526 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
8527 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
8529 =item Running Perl Scripts
8531 Miscellaneous Things
8535 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
8539 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
8540 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
8541 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8549 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8551 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8563 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8573 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8574 data structures between threads
8586 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
8587 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8599 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8608 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8609 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
8610 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
8614 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8620 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
8621 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
8623 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8629 =head2 assertions - selects assertions
8649 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
8653 =head2 assertions::activate - assertions activation
8673 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
8677 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8687 =item Built-in Attributes
8689 locked, method, lvalue
8691 =item Available Subroutines
8695 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8697 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8699 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8707 =item Default exports
8709 =item Available exports
8711 =item Export tags defined
8721 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8733 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8749 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8763 =head2 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
8775 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8779 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8799 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
8811 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8815 inf(), NaN(), upgrade()
8819 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8837 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRationale support for Perl
8859 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
8860 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
8861 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
8862 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
8863 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
8873 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8887 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8900 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8909 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8911 =item CUSTOM ALIASES
8915 =item Anonymous hashes
8919 =item Alias shortcut
8923 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8925 =item charnames::vianame(name)
8929 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
8935 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8947 =item List constants
8949 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8951 =item Magic constants
8955 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8965 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8976 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8978 =item The I<splain> Program
8992 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
9002 =item Literal Conversions
9004 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
9008 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
9010 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
9014 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
9015 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
9017 =item The Filter Option
9021 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
9031 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
9033 =item tr/// with ranges
9035 Legend of characters above
9039 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
9041 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
9043 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
9051 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
9065 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
9075 =item subpragma access
9081 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
9095 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
9106 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
9116 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
9126 =item Adding directories to @INC
9128 =item Deleting directories from @INC
9130 =item Restoring original @INC
9144 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
9155 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
9163 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
9165 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
9171 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
9183 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
9193 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
9195 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
9197 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
9199 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
9201 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
9203 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
9205 =item Overloadable Operations
9207 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
9208 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
9209 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
9211 =item Inheritance and overloading
9213 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
9214 is inherited by derived classes
9218 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
9226 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
9228 =item Copy Constructor
9234 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
9236 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
9237 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
9238 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
9241 =item Losing overloading
9243 =item Run-time Overloading
9245 =item Public functions
9247 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
9249 =item Overloading constants
9251 integer, float, binary, q, qr
9253 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9255 =item Metaphor clash
9261 =item Two-face scalars
9263 =item Two-face references
9265 =item Symbolic calculator
9267 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
9275 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
9276 type, `%s' is not a code reference
9282 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
9292 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
9304 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
9306 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
9310 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
9314 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
9322 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
9334 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
9342 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
9346 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
9356 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9365 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9366 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
9367 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
9371 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9377 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
9378 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
9380 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9386 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
9387 structures between threads
9399 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
9400 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9412 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
9423 =item Utility functions
9425 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]),
9426 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
9437 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
9447 =head2 version - Perl extension for Version Objects
9457 =item What IS a version
9459 Numeric Versions - any initial parameter which "looks like a number", see
9460 L<Numeric Versions>, V-String Versions - any initial parameter which
9461 contains more than one decimal point, contains an embedded underscore, or
9462 has a leading 'v' see L<V-String Versions>
9464 =item Numeric Versions
9466 =item V-String Versions
9468 =item Object Methods
9470 New Operator - Like all OO interfaces, the new() operator is used to
9471 initialize version objects. One way to increment versions when programming
9472 is to use the CVS variable $Revision, which is automatically incremented by
9473 CVS every time the file is committed to the repository, Stringification -
9474 Any time a version object is used as a string, a stringified representation
9475 is returned in reduced form (no extraneous zeros):, Numification - although
9476 all mathematical operations on version objects are forbidden by default, it
9477 is possible to retrieve a number which roughly corresponds to the version
9478 object through the use of the $obj->numify method. For formatting
9479 purposes, when displaying a number which corresponds a version object, all
9480 sub versions are assumed to have three decimal places. So for example:,
9481 Comparison operators - Both cmp and <=> operators perform the same
9482 comparison between terms (upgrading to a version object automatically).
9483 Perl automatically generates all of the other comparison operators based on
9484 those two. In addition to the obvious equalities listed below, appending a
9485 single trailing 0 term does not change the value of a version for
9486 comparison purposes. In other words "v1.2" and "v1.2.0" are identical
9491 =item Types of Versions Objects
9493 Ordinary versions - These are the versions that normal modules will use.
9494 Can contain as many subversions as required. In particular, those using
9495 RCS/CVS can use one of the following:, Beta versions - For module authors
9496 using CPAN, the convention has been to note unstable releases with an
9497 underscore in the version string, see L<CPAN>. Beta releases will test as
9498 being newer than the more recent stable release, and less than the next
9499 stable release. For example:
9501 =item Replacement UNIVERSAL::VERSION
9513 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
9521 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
9525 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
9533 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
9534 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
9535 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
9536 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
9537 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
9541 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
9551 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
9553 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
9563 =item DBM Comparisons
9573 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
9583 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
9587 =item Typed lexicals
9589 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
9591 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
9593 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
9595 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
9603 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
9604 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
9605 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
9606 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
9607 be able to apply END handler>
9617 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
9627 =item Subroutine Stubs
9629 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9631 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9633 =item Package Lexicals
9635 =item Not Using AutoLoader
9637 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
9647 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
9655 $keep, $check, $modtime
9659 =item Multiple packages
9667 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
9677 =item Utility Functions
9681 =item Functions Returning C<B::SV>, C<B::AV>, C<B::HV>, and C<B::CV>
9684 sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation,
9685 C<init_av>, check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav,
9688 =item Functions for Examining the Symbol Table
9690 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)
9692 =item Functions Returning C<B::OP> objects or for walking op trees
9694 main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)
9696 =item Miscellaneous Utility Functions
9698 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
9699 perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
9703 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
9707 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
9715 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
9729 =item B::PVMG Methods
9733 =item B::MAGIC Methods
9735 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
9737 =item B::PVLV Methods
9739 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
9743 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
9747 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
9748 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
9752 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
9753 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
9757 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
9761 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB,
9762 XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
9766 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
9768 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
9772 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
9774 =item B::UNOP METHOD
9778 =item B::BINOP METHOD
9782 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
9786 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
9790 =item B::PMOP Methods
9792 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
9793 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
9795 =item B::SVOP METHOD
9799 =item B::PADOP METHOD
9803 =item B::PVOP METHOD
9807 =item B::LOOP Methods
9809 redoop, nextop, lastop
9811 =item B::COP Methods
9813 label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io
9821 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
9830 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
9836 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9848 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9868 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9878 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9879 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9880 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9890 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9900 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9901 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9902 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9913 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9923 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9924 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9925 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
9937 =item Context of ".."
9941 =item Deprecated features
9949 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
9961 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
9962 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
9963 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
9965 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
9967 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
9968 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
9969 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
9970 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
9971 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
9972 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
9973 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
9974 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
9980 =item OP flags abbreviations
9982 =item OP class abbreviations
9986 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
9992 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
10004 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
10014 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
10015 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
10017 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
10027 =item ambient_pragmas
10029 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
10041 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
10053 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
10061 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
10063 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<bare-subs>,
10064 B<dollar-underscore>, B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>,
10065 B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
10067 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
10077 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
10087 =item IMPLEMENTATION
10095 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
10107 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
10119 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
10121 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
10133 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
10143 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
10151 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10171 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
10185 =item Standard Exports
10187 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
10188 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
10189 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
10191 =item Optional Exports
10193 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [
10194 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
10195 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
10197 =item :hireswallclock
10213 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
10217 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
10231 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
10241 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
10242 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
10243 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
10253 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
10265 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
10267 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
10269 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
10271 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
10273 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
10275 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
10277 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
10279 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
10281 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
10283 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
10285 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
10287 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
10289 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
10291 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
10293 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
10295 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
10297 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
10299 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
10300 B<:standard>, B<:all>
10304 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
10305 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
10308 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
10310 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
10311 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
10316 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
10320 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
10322 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
10324 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
10326 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
10328 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
10330 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
10332 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
10334 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
10335 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
10337 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
10341 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
10345 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
10347 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
10349 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
10351 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
10353 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
10355 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
10356 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
10358 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
10362 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
10366 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
10368 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
10370 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
10372 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
10376 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
10378 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
10380 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
10384 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
10386 =item CREATING AN OPTION GROUP
10388 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
10392 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
10396 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
10400 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
10404 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
10408 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
10410 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
10412 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
10416 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
10420 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
10426 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
10427 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
10429 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
10431 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
10432 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
10435 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
10441 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
10445 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
10447 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
10448 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
10449 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
10450 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
10451 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
10453 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
10455 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
10460 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
10462 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
10464 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
10465 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
10467 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
10469 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10473 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
10474 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
10475 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
10476 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
10477 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
10478 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
10479 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
10480 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
10481 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
10482 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
10483 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
10484 ...and many many more..
10486 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
10494 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
10504 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10512 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
10521 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
10523 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
10527 =item Changing the default message
10531 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
10533 =item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
10541 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
10549 =item USING CGI::Cookie
10551 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
10555 =item Creating New Cookies
10557 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
10559 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
10561 =item Manipulating Cookies
10563 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
10567 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10575 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
10583 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
10585 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
10587 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
10589 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
10591 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
10593 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
10597 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10605 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
10615 =item Tags that won't be formatted
10617 =item Customizing the Indenting
10629 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
10637 =item USING CGI::Push
10639 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
10643 =item Heterogeneous Pages
10645 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
10649 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
10651 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10659 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
10669 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10677 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
10685 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10691 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
10703 =item Interactive Mode
10705 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
10706 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
10707 distribution, ls author, Signals
10715 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
10717 =item Programmer's interface
10719 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
10721 =item Methods in the other Classes
10723 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
10724 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
10725 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
10726 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
10727 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
10728 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
10729 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
10730 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
10731 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
10732 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
10733 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
10734 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
10735 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
10736 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
10737 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
10738 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
10739 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
10740 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
10741 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
10742 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
10743 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
10744 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
10745 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
10746 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
10747 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
10748 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
10750 =item Cache Manager
10754 =item Prerequisites
10756 =item Finding packages and VERSION
10760 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
10764 =item CONFIGURATION
10766 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
10767 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
10768 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
10769 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
10773 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
10775 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
10783 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
10785 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
10789 =item Three basic types of firewalls
10791 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
10793 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
10799 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
10811 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
10821 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
10834 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
10844 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10852 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10854 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10864 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10865 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10866 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10868 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10876 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10886 =item The C<struct()> function
10888 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10890 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10892 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10893 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10895 =item Initializing with C<new>
10901 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10903 =item Author and Modification History
10907 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10915 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names)
10927 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
10931 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
10932 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
10933 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
10934 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
10938 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
10942 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
10943 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
10944 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
10945 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
10946 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
10947 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
10948 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
10952 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_aintl>, C<d_alarm>,
10953 C<d_archlib>, C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>,
10954 C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>,
10955 C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>,
10956 C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>,
10957 C<d_const>, C<d_copysignl>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>,
10958 C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>,
10959 C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>,
10960 C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>,
10961 C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>,
10962 C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>,
10963 C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>,
10964 C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_faststdio>, C<d_fchdir>,
10965 C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>,
10966 C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>,
10967 C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>,
10968 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>,
10969 C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>,
10970 C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>,
10971 C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>,
10972 C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>,
10973 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
10974 C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>, C<d_gethostent_r>,
10975 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getlogin_r>,
10976 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
10977 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>, C<d_getnetent_r>,
10978 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
10979 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
10980 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>, C<d_getprotobynumber_r>,
10981 C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
10982 C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>, C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>,
10983 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>,
10984 C<d_getservent_r>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>,
10985 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
10986 C<d_htonl>, C<d_ilogbl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>,
10987 C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
10988 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>,
10989 C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>,
10990 C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>,
10991 C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>,
10992 C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>,
10993 C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_modflproto>,
10994 C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>,
10995 C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>,
10996 C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>,
10997 C<d_nanosleep>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>,
10998 C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>,
10999 C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
11000 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
11001 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
11002 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
11003 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>,
11004 C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
11005 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
11006 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
11007 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
11008 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
11009 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_scalbnl>, C<d_sched_yield>,
11010 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
11011 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
11012 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
11013 C<d_setgrent_r>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>,
11014 C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>,
11015 C<d_setnent>, C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
11016 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>,
11017 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
11018 C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
11019 C<d_setservent_r>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
11020 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
11021 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
11022 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
11023 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>,
11024 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
11025 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
11026 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
11027 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
11028 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>,
11029 C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>,
11030 C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
11031 C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
11032 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
11033 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
11034 C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>, C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>,
11035 C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
11036 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
11037 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
11038 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vendorscript>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
11039 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
11040 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
11041 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
11042 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
11043 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
11047 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
11048 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
11049 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
11050 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
11054 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
11055 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
11060 C<gccansipedantic>, C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>,
11061 C<getgrgid_r_proto>, C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>,
11062 C<gethostbyname_r_proto>, C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>,
11063 C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>, C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>,
11064 C<getprotobyname_r_proto>, C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>,
11065 C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>, C<getpwnam_r_proto>,
11066 C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>, C<getservbyport_r_proto>,
11067 C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>,
11068 C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<gmtime_r_proto>,
11069 C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
11073 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<html1dir>, C<html1direxp>,
11074 C<html3dir>, C<html3direxp>
11078 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
11079 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
11080 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
11081 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
11082 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
11083 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
11084 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
11085 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
11086 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
11087 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
11088 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
11089 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
11090 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
11091 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
11092 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
11093 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
11094 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
11095 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
11096 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installhtml1dir>,
11097 C<installhtml3dir>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>,
11098 C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
11099 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitehtml1>,
11100 C<installsitehtml3>, C<installsitelib>, C<installsiteman1>,
11101 C<installsiteman3>, C<installsitescript>, C<installstyle>,
11102 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
11103 C<installvendorhtml1>, C<installvendorhtml3>, C<installvendorlib>,
11104 C<installvendorman1>, C<installvendorman3>, C<installvendorscript>,
11105 C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
11109 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
11113 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
11114 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
11115 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
11116 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
11117 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
11118 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
11123 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
11124 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
11125 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
11129 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
11130 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
11134 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
11135 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
11136 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
11137 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
11138 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
11142 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
11143 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
11147 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
11148 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
11152 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
11153 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
11154 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
11155 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
11159 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
11163 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
11164 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
11165 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
11169 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
11170 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
11171 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
11172 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
11173 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
11174 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
11175 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
11176 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitehtml1>, C<sitehtml1exp>, C<sitehtml3>,
11177 C<sitehtml3exp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteman1>,
11178 C<siteman1exp>, C<siteman3>, C<siteman3exp>, C<siteprefix>,
11179 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sitescript>, C<sitescriptexp>, C<sizesize>,
11180 C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>,
11181 C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>,
11182 C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>,
11183 C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>,
11184 C<srand48_r_proto>, C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
11185 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
11186 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
11187 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>, C<submit>,
11188 C<subversion>, C<sysman>
11192 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
11193 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
11198 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
11199 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
11200 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
11201 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<usefaststdio>,
11202 C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>,
11203 C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>,
11204 C<useposix>, C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>,
11205 C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>,
11206 C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>,
11211 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
11212 C<vendorhtml1>, C<vendorhtml1exp>, C<vendorhtml3>, C<vendorhtml3exp>,
11213 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorman1>,
11214 C<vendorman1exp>, C<vendorman3>, C<vendorman3exp>, C<vendorprefix>,
11215 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<vendorscript>, C<vendorscriptexp>, C<version>,
11216 C<version_patchlevel_string>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
11220 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
11224 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
11236 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
11246 =item getcwd and friends
11248 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
11250 =item abs_path and friends
11252 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
11264 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
11276 =item Global Variables
11278 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
11279 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
11284 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
11285 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
11287 =item Client Callback Methods
11289 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
11290 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
11291 CLIENT->output(LIST)
11301 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
11309 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
11313 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
11315 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
11317 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
11319 =item Default Parameters
11321 =item In Memory Databases
11329 =item A Simple Example
11337 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
11339 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
11341 =item The get_dup() Method
11343 =item The find_dup() Method
11345 =item The del_dup() Method
11347 =item Matching Partial Keys
11355 =item The 'bval' Option
11357 =item A Simple Example
11359 =item Extra RECNO Methods
11361 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
11362 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
11363 length, elements);>
11365 =item Another Example
11369 =item THE API INTERFACE
11371 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
11372 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
11373 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
11374 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
11378 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
11379 B<filter_fetch_value>
11385 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
11387 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
11391 =item HINTS AND TIPS
11395 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
11397 =item Safe ways to lock a database
11399 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
11401 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
11403 =item The untie() Gotcha
11407 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
11411 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
11413 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
11415 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
11417 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
11437 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
11438 printing and C<eval>
11450 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
11451 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
11452 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
11459 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
11479 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
11487 =item PROFILE FORMAT
11499 =head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability
11521 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
11531 =item Runtime debugging
11533 =item Memory footprint debugging
11541 =item A simple scalar string
11543 =item A simple scalar number
11545 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
11547 =item A reference to a simple scalar
11549 =item A reference to an array
11551 =item A reference to a hash
11553 =item Dumping a large array or hash
11555 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
11557 =item A reference to a subroutine
11571 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
11581 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
11589 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
11593 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
11594 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset,
11595 $ctx->add($data,...), $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest,
11596 $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
11604 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
11614 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
11618 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->clone, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
11619 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
11631 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
11643 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
11655 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
11656 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
11657 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
11662 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
11663 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
11669 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
11677 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
11678 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
11679 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(), dl_find_symbol(),
11680 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
11687 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
11700 =head2 Encode - character encodings
11708 =item Table of Contents
11720 =item PERL ENCODING API
11722 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
11723 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
11724 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
11729 =item Listing available encodings
11731 =item Defining Aliases
11735 =item Encoding via PerlIO
11737 =item Handling Malformed Data
11739 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
11740 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
11741 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
11742 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
11747 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
11751 =item Defining Encodings
11753 =item The UTF-8 flag
11755 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
11759 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
11761 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
11771 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
11779 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11784 =item Alias overloading
11792 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
11806 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11808 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
11824 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
11826 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
11828 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
11842 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
11852 =item Methods you should implement
11854 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
11855 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
11857 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11859 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11861 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11865 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11869 =item Compiled Encodings
11875 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11879 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
11889 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11890 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11891 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11901 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
11911 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
11919 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11921 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
11923 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
11937 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
11939 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
11955 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
11961 =item How does it work?
11963 =item Line Buffering
11967 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11975 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
11983 =item Encoding Names
11987 =item Supported Encodings
11991 =item Built-in Encodings
11993 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11995 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11997 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11998 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
12000 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
12002 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
12003 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
12004 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
12006 =item Miscellaneous encodings
12008 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
12012 =item Unsupported encodings
12014 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
12015 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
12016 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
12017 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
12019 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
12021 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
12025 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
12027 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
12033 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
12034 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
12041 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
12042 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
12046 =item Other Notable Sites
12048 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
12049 "Introduction to i18n"
12051 =item Offline sources
12053 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
12059 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
12073 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
12089 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
12097 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
12099 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
12105 =item by endianness
12107 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
12111 =item Surrogate Pairs
12117 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
12126 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
12131 =item Alias overloading
12139 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
12140 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
12142 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
12145 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
12148 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
12149 Implementation Base Class
12159 =item Methods you should implement
12161 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
12162 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
12164 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
12166 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
12168 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
12172 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
12176 =item Compiled Encodings
12182 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
12186 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
12197 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
12198 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
12199 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
12209 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
12210 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
12212 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
12215 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
12218 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
12219 and 'Q' header encoding
12235 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
12236 on Encode and PerlIO
12242 =item How does it work?
12244 =item Line Buffering
12248 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
12256 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
12257 supported by Encode
12265 =item Encoding Names
12269 =item Supported Encodings
12273 =item Built-in Encodings
12275 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
12277 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
12279 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
12280 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
12282 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
12284 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
12285 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
12286 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
12288 =item Miscellaneous encodings
12290 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
12294 =item Unsupported encodings
12296 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
12297 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
12298 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
12299 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
12301 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
12303 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
12307 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
12309 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
12315 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
12316 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
12323 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
12324 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
12328 =item Other Notable Sites
12330 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
12331 "Introduction to i18n"
12333 =item Offline sources
12335 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
12341 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12353 =item Predefined Methods
12355 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12356 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12357 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12359 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12361 =item Operator Overloading
12369 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
12370 non-ascii or non-utf8
12380 =item Literal Conversions
12382 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
12386 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
12388 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
12392 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
12393 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
12395 =item The Filter Option
12399 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
12409 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
12411 =item tr/// with ranges
12413 Legend of characters above
12417 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
12419 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
12421 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
12429 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12441 =item Predefined Methods
12443 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12444 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12445 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12447 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12449 =item Operator Overloading
12457 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
12470 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
12485 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
12501 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
12511 =item How to Export
12513 =item Selecting What To Export
12515 =item How to Import
12517 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
12521 =item Advanced features
12525 =item Specialised Import Lists
12527 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
12529 =item Module Version Checking
12531 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
12533 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
12535 =item Generating combined tags
12537 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
12543 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
12553 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
12574 mv source... destination
12576 cp source... destination
12594 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
12608 B<warn_if_old_packlist>
12610 B<perllocal_install>
12614 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
12624 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
12632 perl_stringify NAME
12636 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
12638 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
12642 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
12650 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
12653 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12655 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
12657 WriteMakefileSnippet
12659 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
12660 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12668 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
12680 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
12681 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
12691 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
12709 B<install_default> I<DISCOURAGED>
12721 B<PERL_INSTALL_ROOT>
12729 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
12741 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
12742 packlist(), version()
12750 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
12758 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
12759 dynamic extensions at load time
12765 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
12775 =item VMS implementation
12777 =item Win32 implementation
12785 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
12795 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
12803 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
12811 =item File::Spec wrappers
12819 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
12835 makemakerdflt_target
12853 metafile_addtomanifest_target
12857 =item Abstract methods
12859 oneliner, B<quote_literal>, B<escape_newlines>, max_exec_len,
12860 B<init_others>, init_DIRFILESEP, init_linker, init_platform,
12873 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12874 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12888 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12889 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12903 replace_manpage_separator (o)
12907 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12917 =item Overridden methods
12925 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12935 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12936 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12958 init_platform, platform_constants
12964 special_targets (o)
12974 clean_subdirs_target
12978 realclean_subdirs_target
12986 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12987 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12999 init_platform (o), platform_constants
13007 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13008 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13026 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13036 =item Overridden methods
13044 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13054 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13080 clean_subdirs_target
13140 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
13170 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
13214 post_initialize (o)
13228 realclean_subdirs_target
13230 replace_manpage_separator
13252 test_via_harness (override)
13254 test_via_script (override)
13278 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13279 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13289 =item Methods always loaded
13301 guess_name (override)
13305 find_perl (override)
13307 maybe_command (override)
13309 perl_script (override)
13311 replace_manpage_separator
13315 init_main (override)
13317 init_others (override)
13319 init_platform (override)
13323 init_VERSION (override)
13325 constants (override)
13331 const_cccmd (override)
13333 tool_sxubpp (override)
13335 xsubpp_version (override)
13337 tools_other (override)
13339 init_dist (override)
13349 dynamic_lib (override)
13351 dynamic_bs (override)
13353 static_lib (override)
13355 processPL (override)
13357 installbin (override)
13359 subdir_x (override)
13363 clean_subdirs_target
13365 realclean (override)
13367 zipfile_target (o), tarfile_target (o), shdist_target (o)
13369 dist_test (override)
13373 perldepend (override)
13375 makefile (override)
13377 find_tests (override)
13381 makeaperl (override)
13383 nicetext (override)
13385 prefixify (override)
13405 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13406 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13418 =item Overridden methods
13424 replace_manpage_separator
13434 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
13436 special_targets (o)
13458 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
13468 =item Overriden methods
13484 clean_subdirs_target
13486 realclean_subdirs_target
13498 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
13508 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
13518 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
13520 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
13528 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
13532 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
13534 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
13536 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
13538 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
13540 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
13541 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
13542 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN,
13543 FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB,
13544 INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
13545 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB,
13546 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH,
13547 INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR,
13548 INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
13549 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS,
13550 LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
13551 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE,
13552 PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK,
13553 PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES,
13554 PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT,
13555 PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT, PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX,
13556 SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM,
13557 XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
13559 =item Additional lowercase attributes
13561 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
13564 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
13566 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
13568 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
13570 =item Hintsfile support
13572 =item Distribution Support
13574 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
13575 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
13576 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
13578 =item Disabling an extension
13580 =item Other Handy Functions
13588 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
13598 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About
13607 =item Philosophy and History
13609 Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What's
13610 Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no
13611 shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft
13615 How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter
13616 Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same
13629 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker
13643 Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP,
13652 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform agnostic vmsish.pm
13662 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
13700 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
13704 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
13712 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
13713 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
13717 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
13725 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
13735 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
13744 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
13752 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
13764 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
13772 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
13782 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
13794 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
13804 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
13808 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
13816 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
13820 C<basename>, C<dirname>
13824 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
13838 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
13852 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
13862 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
13864 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
13876 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
13886 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
13898 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
13906 B<find>, B<finddepth>
13912 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
13913 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
13914 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
13916 =item The wanted function
13918 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
13919 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
13920 pathname to the file
13928 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
13936 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
13944 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
13945 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
13946 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
13950 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
13958 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
13970 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
13980 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
13981 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
13982 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
13990 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
14002 file_name_is_absolute
14006 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
14024 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
14042 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
14070 file_name_is_absolute
14102 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
14112 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
14145 file_name_is_absolute
14167 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
14183 =item Methods always loaded
14185 canonpath (override)
14203 case_tolerant (override)
14207 file_name_is_absolute (override)
14209 splitpath (override)
14211 splitdir (override)
14225 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
14251 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
14261 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
14285 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
14299 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
14309 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
14317 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
14325 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
14327 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
14339 =item Temporary files and NFS
14351 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
14367 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
14375 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
14383 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
14391 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
14397 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
14411 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
14413 =item All-in-one interface
14415 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
14417 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
14420 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
14422 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
14423 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
14424 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
14426 described in the previous section.
14428 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
14430 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
14442 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
14452 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
14456 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
14458 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
14466 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
14468 =item Example 2: Using the context
14470 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
14472 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
14476 =item Filter::Simple
14484 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
14492 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
14504 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
14520 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
14528 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
14530 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
14534 =item Simple options
14536 =item A little bit less simple options
14538 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
14540 =item Options with values
14542 =item Options with multiple values
14544 =item Options with hash values
14546 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
14548 =item Options with multiple names
14550 =item Case and abbreviations
14552 =item Summary of Option Specifications
14554 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
14559 =item Advanced Possibilities
14563 =item Object oriented interface
14565 =item Thread Safety
14567 =item Documentation and help texts
14569 =item Storing options in a hash
14573 =item The lonesome dash
14575 =item Argument callback
14579 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
14581 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
14582 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
14583 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
14584 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
14585 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
14587 =item Return values and Errors
14593 =item Default destinations
14595 =item Alternative option starters
14597 =item Configuration variables
14601 =item Trouble Shooting
14605 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
14607 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
14610 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
14612 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
14618 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14622 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
14631 =item C<--help> and C<--version>
14635 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
14645 =item Restricted hashes
14647 lock_keys, unlock_keys
14653 lock_value, unlock_value
14655 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
14667 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
14678 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
14689 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
14691 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
14693 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14695 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14697 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
14699 the function super_languages($lang1)
14701 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
14703 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
14705 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
14707 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
14711 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
14713 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
14723 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
14731 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
14733 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
14735 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
14736 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
14737 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
14738 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
14739 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
14740 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
14741 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
14742 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
14743 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
14744 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
14745 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
14746 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
14747 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
14748 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
14749 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
14750 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
14751 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
14752 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
14753 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
14754 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
14755 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
14756 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
14757 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
14758 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
14759 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
14760 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
14761 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
14762 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
14763 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
14764 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
14765 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
14766 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
14767 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
14768 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
14769 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
14770 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
14771 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
14772 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
14773 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
14774 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
14775 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
14776 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
14777 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
14778 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
14779 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
14780 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
14781 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
14782 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
14783 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
14784 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
14785 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
14786 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
14787 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
14788 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
14789 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
14790 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
14791 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
14792 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
14793 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
14794 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
14795 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
14796 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
14797 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
14798 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
14799 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
14800 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
14801 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
14802 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
14803 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
14804 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
14805 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
14806 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
14807 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
14808 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
14809 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
14810 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
14811 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
14812 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
14813 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
14814 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
14815 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
14816 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
14817 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
14818 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
14819 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
14820 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
14821 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
14822 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
14823 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
14824 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
14825 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
14826 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
14827 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
14828 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
14829 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
14830 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
14831 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
14832 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
14833 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
14834 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
14835 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
14836 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
14837 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
14838 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
14839 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
14840 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
14841 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
14842 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
14843 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
14844 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
14845 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
14846 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
14847 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
14848 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
14849 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
14850 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
14851 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
14852 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
14853 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
14857 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14863 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
14881 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14885 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
14897 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
14905 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14906 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14916 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14926 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14930 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14938 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
14948 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14952 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14953 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14954 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14955 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14967 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14977 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14981 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14991 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
15001 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
15002 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
15012 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
15020 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
15021 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
15030 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
15040 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
15044 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
15045 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
15046 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
15056 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
15070 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
15071 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
15081 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
15097 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
15110 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
15124 hostpath(), peerpath()
15134 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
15143 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
15144 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
15154 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
15164 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
15168 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
15176 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
15187 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
15191 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
15192 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
15193 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
15194 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
15206 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
15216 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
15220 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
15230 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
15240 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
15241 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
15251 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
15260 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
15261 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
15270 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
15281 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
15285 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
15286 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
15287 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
15297 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
15312 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
15313 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
15323 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
15324 AF_INET domain sockets
15340 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
15353 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
15354 AF_UNIX domain sockets
15368 hostpath(), peerpath()
15378 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
15388 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
15389 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
15400 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
15414 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
15427 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
15437 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
15438 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
15439 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
15450 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
15468 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
15478 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
15479 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
15490 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
15501 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
15502 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
15503 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
15514 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
15522 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
15523 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
15527 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
15533 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
15534 general-utility list subroutines
15542 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
15543 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
15547 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
15553 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
15554 general-utility scalar subroutines
15562 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
15563 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
15564 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
15574 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
15582 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15586 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
15594 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
15602 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
15604 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15606 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
15607 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
15609 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15611 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
15613 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
15619 =item rename_country
15627 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15631 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
15632 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
15633 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
15634 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
15642 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
15643 identification (ISO 4217)
15653 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15655 code2currency(), currency2code()
15657 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15659 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
15663 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15667 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
15668 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
15676 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
15685 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15687 code2language(), language2code()
15689 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15691 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
15695 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15699 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
15700 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
15708 =head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization
15716 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15722 =item Construction Methods
15724 =item The "maketext" Method
15726 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
15728 =item Utility Methods
15730 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
15731 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
15732 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
15733 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
15735 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
15739 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
15741 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
15743 =item BRACKET NOTATION
15745 =item AUTO LEXICONS
15747 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
15749 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
15753 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15759 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
15767 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
15771 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
15773 =item The Linguistic View
15775 =item Breaking gettext
15777 =item Replacing gettext
15779 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
15781 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
15783 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
15785 =item Buzzword: Concision
15787 =item The Devil in the Details
15789 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
15797 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
15805 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
15809 =item SPECIAL CODES
15813 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15815 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
15816 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
15818 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15820 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
15824 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15828 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
15829 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
15837 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
15845 encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str)
15849 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
15857 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
15858 of quoted-printable strings
15866 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
15872 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
15881 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
15887 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
15897 =item Canonical notation
15901 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
15903 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
15907 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
15908 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
15916 =item Autocreating constants
15922 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
15930 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
15938 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
15946 Canonical notation, Input, Output
15970 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
15972 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
15974 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
15975 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
15977 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
16063 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
16073 =item Rounding mode R
16075 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
16076 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
16077 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
16090 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
16098 =item Autocreating constants
16104 =item Alternative math libraries
16110 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
16118 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
16124 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
16128 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
16129 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
16130 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
16140 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
16150 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
16154 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
16156 the same terms as Perl itself.
16164 =head2 Math::BigInt::Scalar - Pure Perl module to test Math::BigInt with
16175 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
16177 the same terms as Perl itself.
16185 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationales
16207 =item denominator()
16209 $d = $x->denominator();
16219 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
16225 =item is_positive()
16227 =item is_negative()
16245 inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented
16246 except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer
16256 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
16269 =item STRINGIFICATION
16273 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
16279 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
16281 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
16289 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
16297 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
16303 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
16305 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
16309 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
16311 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
16315 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
16317 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
16319 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
16320 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
16324 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
16330 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
16340 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
16358 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
16360 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
16364 =item OTHER FACILITIES
16370 =item C<flush_cache>
16376 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
16378 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
16386 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16392 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
16401 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
16412 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
16424 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
16432 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
16440 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
16449 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
16458 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
16466 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
16474 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16480 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16484 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16488 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
16498 =item Enforcing redispatch
16500 =item Avoiding repetitions
16506 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
16512 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
16522 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
16525 =item CLASS METHODS
16527 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
16528 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
16529 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
16539 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
16549 requires_firewall HOST
16551 =item NetConfig VALUES
16553 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
16554 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
16555 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
16559 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
16568 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
16576 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
16588 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
16592 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
16593 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
16594 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
16595 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
16596 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
16597 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
16598 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
16599 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
16600 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
16601 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
16602 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
16603 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
16604 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
16608 =item Methods for the adventurous
16614 =item THE dataconn CLASS
16616 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
16617 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
16619 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
16621 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
16623 =item REPORTING BUGS
16631 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
16639 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
16649 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
16653 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
16654 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
16655 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
16656 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
16657 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
16658 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
16659 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
16663 =item Extension methods
16665 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
16666 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
16667 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
16668 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
16677 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
16687 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
16699 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
16703 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
16704 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
16705 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
16706 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
16718 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
16730 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device ]]]]);,
16731 $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );,
16732 $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );,
16733 $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack(
16734 [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host
16751 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
16763 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
16767 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
16768 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
16769 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
16770 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
16771 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
16772 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
16785 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
16793 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
16794 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
16802 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
16819 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
16827 =item Where to get this document
16829 =item How to contribute to this document
16833 =item Author and Copyright Information
16841 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
16845 =item What is libnet ?
16847 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
16849 =item What other modules do I need ?
16851 =item What machines support libnet ?
16853 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
16857 =item Using Net::FTP
16861 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
16863 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
16865 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
16867 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
16870 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
16872 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
16874 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
16876 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
16878 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
16880 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
16883 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
16885 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
16888 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
16891 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
16895 =item Using Net::SMTP
16899 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
16902 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
16904 =item The verify method always returns true ?
16908 =item Debugging scripts
16912 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
16916 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
16920 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
16937 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
16952 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
16969 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
16977 =item THE .netrc FILE
16979 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
16984 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
16988 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
16998 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
17008 =item IMPLEMENTATION
17016 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
17024 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17030 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17034 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17038 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
17050 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
17052 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
17053 or optag, an operator set (opset)
17055 =item Opcode Functions
17057 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
17058 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
17059 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
17062 =item Manipulating Opsets
17064 =item TO DO (maybe)
17070 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
17072 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
17073 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
17074 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
17083 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
17092 a new namespace, an operator mask
17098 =item RECENT CHANGES
17100 =item Methods in class Safe
17102 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17103 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17104 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17105 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17107 =item Some Safety Issues
17109 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17117 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
17130 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
17144 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
17145 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
17146 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
17147 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
17148 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
17149 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
17150 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
17151 fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
17152 geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid,
17153 getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha,
17154 isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace,
17155 isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime,
17156 log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
17157 memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice,
17158 offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
17159 putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
17160 rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
17161 setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
17162 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
17163 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
17164 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
17165 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
17166 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
17167 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
17168 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
17175 =item POSIX::SigAction
17177 new, handler, mask, flags
17179 =item POSIX::SigSet
17181 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
17183 =item POSIX::Termios
17185 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
17186 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
17187 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
17188 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
17189 values, c_oflag field values
17193 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
17197 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
17201 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
17255 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
17256 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
17260 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
17269 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw, pop
17273 =item Custom Layers
17277 =item Alternatives to raw
17279 =item Defaults and how to override them
17281 =item Querying the layers of filehandle
17291 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
17303 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
17313 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
17321 =item EXPECTED METHODS
17323 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
17324 $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]),
17325 $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]), $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]),
17326 $obj->FILENO($fh), $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh),
17327 $obj->FILL($fh), $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh),
17328 $obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh),
17329 $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh),
17336 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
17342 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
17356 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
17362 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
17368 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
17380 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
17381 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
17382 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
17383 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
17384 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
17385 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
17386 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
17387 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
17392 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
17393 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
17394 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
17395 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
17396 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
17397 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI<n> without preceding higher
17402 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
17403 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
17415 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
17417 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
17420 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
17422 C<$checker-E<gt>num_warnings()>
17424 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
17426 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
17428 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
17430 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
17438 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
17450 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
17452 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
17459 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
17465 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
17467 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
17474 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
17486 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
17496 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
17497 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
17512 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
17525 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
17526 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
17532 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
17556 =item B<was_cutting()>
17562 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
17568 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
17574 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
17580 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
17586 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
17592 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
17598 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
17604 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
17610 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
17616 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
17622 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
17628 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
17634 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
17640 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
17646 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
17652 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
17658 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
17664 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
17670 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
17676 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
17682 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
17688 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
17694 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
17700 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
17706 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
17712 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
17718 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
17724 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
17730 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
17742 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
17754 =item OBJECT METHODS
17762 =item Data Accessors
17778 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
17780 B<StartWithNewPage>
17794 =item Subclassed methods
17808 B<interior_sequence>
17824 =item Methods for headings
17832 =item Internal methods
17838 B<_replace_special_chars>
17840 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
17846 B<_clean_latex_commands>
17848 B<_split_delimited>
17864 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
17872 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
17877 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
17878 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
17879 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
17890 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17894 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
17906 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17910 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
17924 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
17932 $list-E<gt>indent()
17940 $list-E<gt>parent()
17946 =item Pod::Hyperlink
17948 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
17952 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
17954 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
17958 $link-E<gt>warning()
17960 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
17966 $link-E<gt>alttext()
17976 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
17982 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
17986 =item Pod::Cache::Item
17988 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
17992 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
17994 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
17996 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
17998 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
18000 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
18002 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
18004 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
18014 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
18026 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
18028 =item PARSING OPTIONS
18030 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
18031 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
18037 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
18045 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18051 =item B<verbatim()>
18053 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18059 =item B<textblock()>
18061 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18067 =item B<interior_sequence()>
18073 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
18085 =item B<initialize()>
18091 =item B<begin_pod()>
18097 =item B<begin_input()>
18103 =item B<end_input()>
18115 =item B<preprocess_line()>
18121 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
18127 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
18133 =item B<parse_text()>
18135 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
18136 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
18137 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
18143 =item B<interpolate()>
18149 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
18155 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
18161 =item B<parse_from_file()>
18167 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
18173 =item B<errorsub()>
18185 =item B<parseopts()>
18191 =item B<output_file()>
18197 =item B<output_handle()>
18203 =item B<input_file()>
18209 =item B<input_handle()>
18215 =item B<input_streams()>
18221 =item B<top_stream()>
18227 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
18233 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
18239 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
18245 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
18253 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors
18263 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18269 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
18281 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18287 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
18299 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18305 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
18315 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18321 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
18331 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18337 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
18349 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18355 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
18369 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML
18379 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18385 =head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
18393 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
18397 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
18398 Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
18410 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
18430 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
18443 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
18445 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
18451 =item OBJECT METHODS
18457 =item B<curr_headings()>
18469 =item B<add_selection()>
18475 =item B<clear_selections()>
18481 =item B<match_section()>
18487 =item B<is_selected()>
18493 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
18499 =item B<podselect()>
18501 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
18507 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
18513 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
18519 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
18525 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
18537 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
18545 alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width
18549 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
18550 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
18551 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
18562 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18566 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
18580 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18584 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
18599 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18603 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
18618 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18622 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
18631 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
18640 =item Recommended Use
18648 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
18652 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
18660 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
18666 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
18670 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
18674 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
18682 a new namespace, an operator mask
18688 =item RECENT CHANGES
18690 =item Methods in class Safe
18692 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
18693 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
18694 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
18695 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
18697 =item Some Safety Issues
18699 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
18707 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
18715 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
18716 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
18717 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
18727 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
18737 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
18747 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
18757 =item The __DATA__ token
18759 =item SelfLoader autoloading
18761 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
18763 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
18765 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
18767 =item Classes and inherited methods.
18771 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
18775 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
18785 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
18793 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
18794 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
18802 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
18803 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
18804 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
18805 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
18806 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
18810 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
18820 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
18824 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
18826 =item CODE REFERENCES
18828 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
18830 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
18832 =item ERROR REPORTING
18840 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
18845 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
18846 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
18854 =item Storable magic
18864 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
18876 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
18890 =item Allowing fall-through
18892 =item Automating fall-through
18894 =item Alternative syntax
18896 =item Higher-order Operations
18912 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
18922 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
18934 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
18935 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18943 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18944 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18945 in 5.004_02), closelog
18955 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
18956 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18964 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18965 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18966 in 5.004_02), closelog
18976 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
18986 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
18987 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
18988 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
18992 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
19002 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19006 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
19022 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
19024 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
19026 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
19028 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
19036 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19044 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
19052 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
19062 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
19063 If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
19071 =item Minimal set of supported functions
19073 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, C<OUT>, C<MinLine>,
19074 C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
19076 =item Additional supported functions
19078 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
19088 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
19096 =item QUICK START GUIDE
19102 C<plan(...)>, C<tests =E<gt> I<number>>, C<todo =E<gt> [I<1,5,14>]>,
19103 C<onfail =E<gt> sub { ... }>, C<onfail =E<gt> \&some_sub>
19113 C<skip(I<skip_if_true>, I<args...>)>
19119 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
19123 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
19133 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
19153 =item Setting up tests
19171 =item Running tests
19177 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
19179 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
19205 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
19217 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
19221 =item Test Status and Info
19255 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
19265 =item The test script output
19267 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
19268 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
19273 =item Configuration variables.
19275 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
19279 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
19306 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
19307 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
19308 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
19309 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
19313 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
19314 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
19315 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
19331 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
19357 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
19367 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
19405 B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
19421 B<_reset_file_state>
19441 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
19451 =item I love it when a plan comes together
19461 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
19501 =item Conditional tests
19507 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
19509 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
19513 =item Comparison functions
19527 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
19537 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
19539 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
19552 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
19576 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
19585 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
19593 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
19595 =item Where to start?
19599 =item Test the manual
19601 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
19603 =item Testing lots of values
19605 =item Informative names
19607 =item Skipping tests
19611 =item Testing with taint mode.
19623 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
19635 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
19645 =item General behaviour in list contexts
19649 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
19651 =item A note about prefixes
19653 =item C<extract_delimited>
19655 =item C<extract_bracketed>
19657 =item C<extract_tagged>
19659 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
19660 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
19662 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
19664 =item C<extract_quotelike>
19666 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
19668 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
19670 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
19672 =item C<extract_codeblock>
19674 =item C<extract_multiple>
19676 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
19682 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
19683 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
19684 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
19685 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
19686 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
19687 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
19688 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
19689 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
19690 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
19691 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
19692 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
19693 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
19698 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
19704 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
19719 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
19736 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
19751 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
19767 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
19779 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
19780 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
19781 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
19785 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
19793 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
19801 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
19803 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
19809 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
19817 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
19819 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
19823 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
19838 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
19848 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
19856 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
19857 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
19858 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
19859 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
19867 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
19887 =item Option Format
19891 =item Public Methods
19899 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
19903 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
19905 =item Deferred Writing
19909 =item Autodeferring
19917 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
19931 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
19940 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
19941 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
19942 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
19943 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
19945 =item MORE INFORMATION
19947 =item COMPATIBILITY
19951 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
19960 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
19961 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
19963 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
19965 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
19967 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
19969 =item MORE INFORMATION
19973 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
19981 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
19991 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
20009 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
20018 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
20020 =item MORE INFORMATION
20024 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
20036 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
20045 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
20046 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
20047 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
20048 getitimer ( $which )
20058 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
20062 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
20070 =item IMPLEMENTATION
20076 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
20091 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
20106 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
20118 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
20126 C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<isa( VAL, TYPE )>,
20127 C<TYPE>, C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, C<VAL>, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<<
20128 CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>, C<can( VAL, METHOD )>, C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )>
20134 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
20144 =item Constructor and Tailoring
20146 UCA_Version, alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level,
20147 normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table,
20148 undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
20150 =item Methods for Collation
20152 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
20153 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
20154 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
20155 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
20156 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
20157 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
20158 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>
20160 =item Methods for Searching
20162 C<$position = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[, $position])>,
20163 C<($position, $length) = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[,
20164 $position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>,
20165 C<($match) = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>, C<@match =
20166 $Collator-E<gt>gmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count =
20167 $Collator-E<gt>subst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count =
20168 $Collator-E<gt>gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>
20170 =item Other Methods
20172 C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-E<gt>change(%new_tailoring)>, UCA_Version,
20173 Base_Unicode_Version
20181 =item Conformance Test
20189 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/,
20190 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt,
20191 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/CollationTest.html
20192 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/CollationTest.zip,
20193 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/, L<Unicode::Normalize>
20197 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
20207 =item Normalization Forms
20209 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
20210 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
20211 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
20213 =item Decomposition and Composition
20215 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
20216 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
20217 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
20221 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
20222 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
20223 check($form_name, $string)>
20225 =item Character Data
20227 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
20228 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
20229 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
20230 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
20231 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
20232 C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
20233 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
20243 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
20244 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
20248 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
20290 =item Blocks versus Scripts
20292 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
20294 =item Code Point Arguments
20320 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
20326 =item Implementation Note
20338 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
20353 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
20364 =item System Specifics
20378 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
20386 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
20388 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
20389 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
20390 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
20391 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
20392 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFolderPath(FOLDER [,
20393 CREATE]), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetLastError(),
20394 Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(),
20395 Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
20396 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
20397 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
20398 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
20399 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
20400 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
20401 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
20402 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
20403 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
20404 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
20405 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
20411 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
20423 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
20425 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
20426 don't all have manual pages yet:
20452 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles