2 # !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!!
3 # This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods.
4 # Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes.
8 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
12 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
13 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
14 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
16 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
18 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
30 =item Reference Manual
32 =item Internals and C Language Interface
36 =item Language-Specific
38 =item Platform-Specific
62 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
72 =item Running Perl programs
74 =item Basic syntax overview
76 =item Perl variable types
78 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
80 =item Variable scoping
82 =item Conditional and looping constructs
84 if, while, for, foreach
86 =item Builtin operators and functions
88 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
93 =item Regular expressions
95 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
96 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
98 =item Writing subroutines
102 =item Using Perl modules
110 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
116 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
124 =item Making References
126 =item Using References
144 =item Distribution Conditions
150 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
156 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
157 more elaborate constructs
161 =item COMMON MISTAKES
163 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
165 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
171 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
175 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
177 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
179 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
183 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
187 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
189 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
191 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
195 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
199 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
201 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
203 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
207 =item HASHES OF HASHES
211 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
213 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
215 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
219 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
223 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
225 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
227 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
239 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
247 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
249 =item Growing Your Own
251 =item Access and Printing
263 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
273 =item Simple word matching
275 =item Using character classes
277 =item Matching this or that
279 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
281 =item Extracting matches
283 =item Matching repetitions
287 =item Search and replace
289 =item The split operator
297 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
301 =item Acknowledgments
307 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
313 =item Part 1: The basics
317 =item Simple word matching
319 =item Using character classes
321 =item Matching this or that
323 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
325 =item Extracting matches
327 =item Matching repetitions
329 =item Building a regexp
331 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
335 =item Part 2: Power tools
339 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
341 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
343 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
345 =item Non-capturing groupings
347 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
349 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
351 =item Conditional expressions
353 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
355 =item Pragmas and debugging
363 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
367 =item Acknowledgments
373 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
381 =item If we could talk to the animals...
383 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
385 =item Invoking a barnyard
387 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
389 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
391 =item Inheriting the windpipes
393 =item A few notes about @ISA
395 =item Overriding the methods
397 =item Starting the search from a different place
399 =item The SUPER way of doing things
401 =item Where we're at so far...
403 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
405 =item Invoking an instance method
407 =item Accessing the instance data
409 =item How to build a horse
411 =item Inheriting the constructor
413 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
415 =item Adding parameters to a method
417 =item More interesting instances
419 =item A horse of a different color
431 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
437 =item Creating a Class
441 =item Object Representation
443 =item Class Interface
445 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
447 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
451 =item Other Object Methods
459 =item Accessing Class Data
461 =item Debugging Methods
463 =item Class Destructors
465 =item Documenting the Interface
475 =item Overridden Methods
477 =item Multiple Inheritance
479 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
483 =item Alternate Object Representations
487 =item Arrays as Objects
489 =item Closures as Objects
493 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
497 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
499 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
503 =item Metaclassical Tools
509 =item Data Members as Variables
517 =item Object Terminology
523 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
529 =item Acknowledgments
535 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
541 =item Class Data in a Can
543 =item Class Data as Package Variables
547 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
549 =item Inheritance Concerns
551 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
553 =item Indirect References to Class Data
555 =item Monadic Classes
557 =item Translucent Attributes
561 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
565 =item Privacy and Responsibility
567 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
569 =item More Inheritance Concerns
571 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
573 =item Translucency Revisited
581 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
583 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
589 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
595 =item OO SCALING TIPS
597 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
599 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
601 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
603 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
605 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
607 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
609 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
611 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
613 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
621 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
629 =head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
641 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
649 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
667 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
669 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
670 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
671 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
672 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
674 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
676 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
677 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
678 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
682 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
684 =item Numerical Traps
686 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
688 =item General data type traps
690 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
691 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
693 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
695 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
697 =item Precedence Traps
699 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
702 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
704 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
705 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
706 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
708 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
710 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
716 =item Interpolation Traps
718 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
719 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
725 =item Unclassified Traps
727 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
734 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
742 =item Looking at data and -w and v
746 =item Stepping through code
748 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
750 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
768 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2003/01/31
777 =item Where to get the perlfaq
779 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
781 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
788 =item Author and Copyright Information
792 =item Bundled Distributions
798 =item Table of Contents
800 perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
801 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
802 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
803 Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
804 Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
810 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
812 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
814 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
816 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
818 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
820 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
822 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
824 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
826 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
832 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.14 $, $Date:
833 2003/11/23 08:02:29 $)
843 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
845 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
847 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
853 =item How stable is Perl?
855 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
857 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
860 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
862 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
864 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
866 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
868 =item What is a JAPH?
870 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
872 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
873 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
877 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
881 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.25 $,
882 $Date: 2003/10/16 04:57:38 $)
890 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
892 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
894 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
896 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
899 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
900 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
902 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
903 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
905 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
907 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
909 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
911 =item Where should I post source code?
915 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
917 =item Perl in Magazines
919 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
921 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
923 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
925 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
927 =item Where do I send bug reports?
929 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
933 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
937 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.37 $, $Date: 2003/11/24
946 =item How do I do (anything)?
948 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
950 =item Is there a Perl shell?
952 =item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
954 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
956 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
958 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
960 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
962 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
964 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
966 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
967 GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
968 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
970 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
972 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
974 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
976 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
978 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
980 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
982 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
984 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
985 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
987 =item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
989 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
991 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
993 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
995 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
997 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
999 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
1001 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
1003 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
1005 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
1007 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
1009 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
1011 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
1012 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
1014 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
1016 =item What's MakeMaker?
1020 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1024 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.54 $, $Date: 2003/11/30
1035 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
1036 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
1038 =item Why is int() broken?
1040 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
1042 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
1045 =item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?
1047 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
1048 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
1049 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
1050 from decimal to binary
1052 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
1054 =item How do I multiply matrices?
1056 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
1058 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
1060 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
1062 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
1070 =item How do I find the day or week of the year?
1072 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
1074 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
1076 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
1078 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
1080 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
1082 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
1090 =item How do I validate input?
1092 =item How do I unescape a string?
1094 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
1096 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
1098 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
1100 =item How do I reverse a string?
1102 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
1104 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
1106 =item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
1108 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
1110 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
1113 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
1115 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
1118 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
1120 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
1122 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
1124 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
1126 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
1128 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
1130 =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
1132 There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
1133 be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
1142 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
1144 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
1146 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
1150 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
1153 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
1154 intersection of two arrays?
1156 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
1158 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
1160 =item How do I handle linked lists?
1162 =item How do I handle circular lists?
1164 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
1166 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
1168 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
1170 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
1172 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
1174 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
1176 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
1180 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
1184 =item How do I process an entire hash?
1186 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
1189 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
1191 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
1193 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
1195 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
1197 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
1199 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
1201 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
1203 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
1205 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
1207 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
1209 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
1212 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
1213 array of hashes or arrays?
1215 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
1223 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
1225 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
1227 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
1229 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
1231 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
1233 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
1235 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
1239 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1243 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.30 $, $Date: 2003/11/23
1252 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
1254 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
1255 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
1257 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
1259 =item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
1261 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
1263 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
1265 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
1266 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
1268 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
1270 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
1272 =item How can I write() into a string?
1274 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
1276 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
1278 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
1280 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
1283 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
1285 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
1287 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
1289 =item How can I lock a file?
1291 =item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
1293 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
1294 the file. How can I do this?
1296 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
1297 file. Do I still have to use locking?
1299 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
1301 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
1303 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
1305 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
1307 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
1309 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
1311 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
1313 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
1315 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
1317 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
1319 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
1321 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
1322 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
1324 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
1326 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
1327 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
1329 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
1331 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
1335 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1339 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 2003/01/03
1348 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
1349 and unmaintainable code?
1351 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
1353 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
1355 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
1358 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
1360 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
1363 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
1365 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
1367 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
1369 =item What is C</o> really for?
1371 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
1374 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
1376 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
1378 =item How do I process each word on each line?
1380 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
1382 =item How can I do approximate matching?
1384 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
1386 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
1388 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
1390 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
1392 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
1394 =item What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
1396 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
1398 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
1402 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1406 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date:
1407 2003/07/24 02:17:21 $)
1415 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
1417 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
1420 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
1423 =item How do I skip some return values?
1425 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
1427 =item What's an extension?
1429 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
1431 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
1433 =item How do I create a module?
1435 =item How do I create a class?
1437 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
1439 =item What's a closure?
1441 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
1443 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
1446 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
1449 =item How do I create a static variable?
1451 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
1452 Between local() and my()?
1454 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
1457 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
1459 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
1461 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
1463 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
1465 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
1467 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
1470 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
1472 =item How can I find out my current package?
1474 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
1476 =item How do I clear a package?
1478 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
1480 =item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
1484 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1488 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
1497 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
1499 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
1501 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
1503 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
1505 =item How do I print something out in color?
1507 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
1509 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
1511 =item How do I clear the screen?
1513 =item How do I get the screen size?
1515 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
1517 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
1519 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
1521 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
1523 =item How do I start a process in the background?
1525 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
1527 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
1529 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
1531 =item How do I set the time and date?
1533 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
1535 =item How can I measure time under a second?
1537 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
1539 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
1540 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
1542 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
1544 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
1546 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
1548 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
1550 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
1552 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
1554 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
1556 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
1558 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
1560 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
1563 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
1565 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
1567 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
1569 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
1572 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
1573 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
1574 changes to be visible?
1578 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
1581 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
1583 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
1585 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
1587 =item How do I set CPU limits?
1589 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
1591 =item How do I use an SQL database?
1593 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
1595 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
1597 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
1599 =item What's the difference between require and use?
1601 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
1603 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
1606 =item How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?
1608 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
1612 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1616 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/01/31 17:36:57
1625 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
1627 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
1630 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
1632 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
1634 =item How do I extract URLs?
1636 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
1637 file on another machine?
1639 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
1641 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
1643 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
1645 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
1647 =item How do I redirect to another page?
1649 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
1651 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
1653 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
1654 CGI script to do bad things?
1656 =item How do I parse a mail header?
1658 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
1660 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
1662 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
1664 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
1666 =item How do I send mail?
1668 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
1670 =item How do I read mail?
1672 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
1674 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
1676 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
1678 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
1682 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1686 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1698 =item Simple Statements
1700 =item Truth and Falsehood
1702 =item Statement Modifiers
1704 =item Compound Statements
1712 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1716 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1718 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1724 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1732 =item Variable names
1738 =item Scalar value constructors
1740 =item List value constructors
1746 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1754 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1762 =item Operator Precedence and Associativity
1764 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1766 =item The Arrow Operator
1768 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1770 =item Exponentiation
1772 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1774 =item Binding Operators
1776 =item Multiplicative Operators
1778 =item Additive Operators
1780 =item Shift Operators
1782 =item Named Unary Operators
1784 =item Relational Operators
1786 =item Equality Operators
1790 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1792 =item C-style Logical And
1794 =item C-style Logical Or
1796 =item C-style Logical Defined-Or
1798 =item Range Operators
1800 =item Conditional Operator
1802 =item Assignment Operators
1804 =item Comma Operator
1806 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1812 =item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
1814 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1816 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1818 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1820 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1822 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1823 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1824 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1825 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
1827 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
1829 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
1830 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
1831 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
1832 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
1837 =item Constant Folding
1839 =item Bitwise String Operators
1841 =item Integer Arithmetic
1843 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1845 =item Bigger Numbers
1851 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1861 =item Private Variables via my()
1863 =item Persistent Private Variables
1865 =item Temporary Values via local()
1867 =item Lvalue subroutines
1869 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
1871 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1873 =item When to Still Use local()
1875 =item Pass by Reference
1879 =item Constant Functions
1881 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
1885 =item Subroutine Attributes
1893 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1901 =item Perl Functions by Category
1903 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1904 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1905 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1906 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1907 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1908 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1909 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1910 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1911 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1912 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1917 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1919 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1920 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1921 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
1922 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
1923 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
1924 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
1925 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
1926 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
1927 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
1928 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
1929 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
1930 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
1931 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
1932 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
1933 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
1934 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
1935 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
1936 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
1937 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
1938 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
1939 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
1940 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
1941 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
1942 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
1943 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
1944 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
1945 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
1946 lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
1947 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
1948 KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
1949 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
1950 Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
1951 EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
1952 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
1953 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
1954 ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
1955 package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
1956 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
1957 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
1958 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
1959 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
1960 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
1961 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
1962 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
1963 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
1964 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
1965 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
1966 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
1967 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1968 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1969 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1970 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1971 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1972 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1973 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1974 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1975 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
1976 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format
1977 parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum
1978 width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat
1979 FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME
1980 (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK,
1981 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
1982 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall NUMBER, LIST, sysopen
1983 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1984 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1985 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
1986 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
1987 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
1988 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
1989 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
1990 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
1991 TEMPLATE,EXPR, unpack TEMPLATE, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use
1992 Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use
1993 VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1994 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
2000 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
2006 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
2012 =item Indirect Filehandles
2016 =item The Minus File
2018 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
2024 =item Open E<agrave> la C
2028 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
2032 =item Obscure Open Tricks
2036 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
2038 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
2040 =item Paths as Opens
2042 =item Single Argument Open
2044 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
2048 =item Other I/O Issues
2052 =item Opening Non-File Files
2054 =item Opening Named Pipes
2056 =item Opening Sockets
2068 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
2074 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
2080 =item The Basic Principle
2084 =item Packing Numbers
2090 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
2092 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
2094 =item Floating point Numbers
2098 =item Exotic Templates
2110 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
2114 =item Template Grouping
2116 =item Lengths and Widths
2120 =item String Lengths
2122 =item Dynamic Templates
2124 =item Counting Repetitions
2128 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
2132 =item The Alignment Pit
2134 =item Alignment, Take 2
2136 =item Alignment, Take 3
2138 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
2144 =item Funnies Section
2150 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
2158 =item Ordinary Paragraph
2160 =item Verbatim Paragraph
2162 =item Command Paragraph
2164 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
2165 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
2166 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
2167 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>, C<=encoding
2170 =item Formatting Codes
2172 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2173 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2174 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
2175 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
2176 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
2177 (zero-effect) formatting code
2181 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2183 =item Hints for Writing Pod
2193 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
2200 =item Pod Definitions
2204 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
2205 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...",
2206 "=encoding encodingname"
2208 =item Pod Formatting Codes
2210 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2211 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
2212 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
2213 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2214 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
2215 contains non-breaking spaces
2217 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
2219 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
2221 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
2223 =item About =over...=back Regions
2225 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
2233 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
2243 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
2245 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
2247 =item Location of Perl
2249 =item Command Switches
2251 B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>], B<-A [I<assertions>]>, B<-a>, B<-C
2252 [I<number/list>]>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters>,
2253 B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
2254 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
2255 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
2256 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
2257 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
2258 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
2264 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
2265 :perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
2266 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
2267 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_DL_NONLAZY, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED,
2268 PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS,
2269 PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
2273 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2281 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
2289 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
2291 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
2293 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
2297 =item Backward Compatibility
2299 =item Category Hierarchy
2301 =item Fatal Warnings
2303 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
2315 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
2321 =item The Perl Debugger
2325 =item Debugger Commands
2327 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
2328 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
2329 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
2330 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
2331 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
2332 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
2333 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
2334 command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [
2335 command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source
2336 file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man
2339 =item Configurable Options
2341 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
2342 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
2343 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
2344 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
2345 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
2346 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
2349 =item Debugger input/output
2351 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
2354 =item Debugging compile-time statements
2356 =item Debugger Customization
2358 =item Readline Support
2360 =item Editor Support for Debugging
2362 =item The Perl Profiler
2366 =item Debugging regular expressions
2368 =item Debugging memory usage
2376 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
2384 =item Predefined Names
2386 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
2387 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+,
2388 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
2389 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
2390 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
2391 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
2392 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
2393 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#,
2394 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
2395 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
2396 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
2397 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
2398 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
2399 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
2400 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
2401 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
2402 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
2403 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
2404 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
2405 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
2406 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
2407 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
2408 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
2409 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
2410 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
2411 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
2412 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
2413 $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE},
2414 $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
2415 ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
2418 =item Error Indicators
2420 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
2428 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
2438 =item Regular Expressions
2440 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
2442 =item Extended Patterns
2444 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
2445 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
2446 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
2447 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
2451 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
2453 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
2455 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
2457 =item Combining pieces together
2459 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
2460 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
2461 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
2462 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
2464 =item Creating custom RE engines
2474 =head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
2486 =item ESCAPE SEQUENCES
2488 =item CHARACTER CLASSES
2494 =item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
2512 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
2522 =item Making References
2524 =item Using References
2526 =item Symbolic references
2528 =item Not-so-symbolic references
2530 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
2532 =item Function Templates
2542 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
2552 =item Numeric Fields
2554 =item The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text
2556 =item The Field ^* for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text
2558 =item Specifying Values
2560 =item Using Fill Mode
2562 =item Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void
2564 =item Repeating Format Lines
2566 =item Top of Form Processing
2568 =item Format Variables
2578 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
2586 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
2594 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
2596 =item A Class is Simply a Package
2598 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
2600 =item Method Invocation
2602 =item Indirect Object Syntax
2604 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
2606 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
2612 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
2620 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
2632 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
2637 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
2638 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
2639 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
2640 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
2645 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
2646 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
2647 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, SCALAR this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
2649 =item Tying FileHandles
2651 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
2652 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
2657 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
2669 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
2677 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
2678 B<filter_fetch_value>
2684 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
2686 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
2696 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
2697 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
2707 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
2715 =item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)
2717 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
2718 "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
2722 =item Using open() for IPC
2728 =item Background Processes
2730 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
2732 =item Safe Pipe Opens
2734 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
2736 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
2740 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
2744 =item Internet Line Terminators
2746 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
2748 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
2752 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
2756 =item A Simple Client
2758 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
2760 =item A Webget Client
2762 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
2766 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
2768 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
2770 =item UDP: Message Passing
2784 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
2794 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
2796 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
2797 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
2798 files, directories and network sockets
2800 =item Resource limits
2802 =item Killing the parent process
2804 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
2806 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
2808 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
2809 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
2810 application, Thread-safety of extensions
2822 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
2830 =item Storing numbers
2832 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
2834 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
2836 Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
2837 mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
2838 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
2847 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
2855 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2857 =item Threaded Program Models
2869 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
2871 =item Thread-Safe Modules
2877 =item Basic Thread Support
2879 =item A Note about the Examples
2881 =item Creating Threads
2883 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2885 =item Ignoring A Thread
2889 =item Threads And Data
2893 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2895 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
2899 =item Synchronization and control
2903 =item Controlling access: lock()
2905 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2907 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2909 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2911 =item Basic semaphores
2913 =item Advanced Semaphores
2915 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
2917 =item Giving up control
2921 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2925 =item What Thread Am I In?
2929 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2931 =item What Threads Are Running?
2935 =item A Complete Example
2937 =item Different implementations of threads
2939 =item Performance considerations
2941 =item Process-scope Changes
2943 =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
2951 =item Introductory Texts
2953 =item OS-Related References
2955 =item Other References
2959 =item Acknowledgements
2967 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
2973 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2975 =item Threaded Program Models
2987 =item Native threads
2989 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2991 =item Threadsafe Modules
2997 =item Basic Thread Support
2999 =item Creating Threads
3001 =item Giving up control
3003 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
3005 =item Errors In Threads
3007 =item Ignoring A Thread
3011 =item Threads And Data
3015 =item Shared And Unshared Data
3017 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
3019 =item Controlling access: lock()
3021 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
3023 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
3027 =item Threads And Code
3031 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
3033 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
3035 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
3037 =item Subroutine Locks
3041 =item Locking A Subroutine
3045 =item General Thread Utility Routines
3049 =item What Thread Am I In?
3053 =item Are These Threads The Same?
3055 =item What Threads Are Running?
3059 =item A Complete Example
3067 =item Introductory Texts
3069 =item OS-Related References
3071 =item Other References
3075 =item Acknowledgements
3083 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
3089 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
3098 =item Numbers endianness and Width
3100 =item Files and Filesystems
3102 =item System Interaction
3104 =item Command names versus file pathnames
3108 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
3110 =item External Subroutines (XS)
3112 =item Standard Modules
3116 =item Character sets and character encoding
3118 =item Internationalisation
3120 =item System Resources
3130 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
3131 http://testers.cpan.org/
3139 =item DOS and Derivatives
3147 =item EBCDIC Platforms
3155 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
3159 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
3161 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown
3162 LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen
3163 HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl
3164 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin,
3165 getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME,
3166 getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
3167 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
3168 gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent
3169 STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN,
3170 endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
3171 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl
3172 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat
3173 FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
3174 ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
3175 FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
3176 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
3177 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
3178 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
3179 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
3180 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
3181 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
3182 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
3183 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
3184 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
3185 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
3191 v1.49, 12 August 2002, v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000,
3192 v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999,
3193 v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April
3194 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December
3195 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August
3196 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
3198 =item Supported Platforms
3202 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
3206 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
3213 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
3219 =item The use locale pragma
3221 =item The setlocale function
3223 =item Finding locales
3225 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
3227 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
3229 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
3231 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
3233 =item Fixing system locale configuration
3235 =item The localeconv function
3237 =item I18N::Langinfo
3241 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
3245 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
3247 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
3249 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
3251 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
3255 =item Other categories
3263 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
3264 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
3270 =item Backward compatibility
3272 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
3274 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
3276 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
3278 =item Freely available locale definitions
3282 =item An imperfect standard
3286 =item Unicode and UTF-8
3292 =item Broken systems
3302 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
3312 =item Perl's Unicode Support
3314 =item Perl's Unicode Model
3316 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
3318 =item Creating Unicode
3320 =item Handling Unicode
3322 =item Legacy Encodings
3326 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
3330 =item Advanced Topics
3334 =item Questions With Answers
3336 =item Hexadecimal Notation
3338 =item Further Resources
3342 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
3346 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
3348 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
3352 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
3360 =item Important Caveats
3362 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
3363 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, C<use encoding> needed to upgrade
3364 non-Latin-1 byte strings
3366 =item Byte and Character Semantics
3368 =item Effects of Character Semantics
3374 =item User-Defined Character Properties
3376 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
3378 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
3380 =item Unicode Encodings
3382 =item Security Implications of Unicode
3384 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
3388 =item When Unicode Does Not Happen
3390 =item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
3392 =item Using Unicode in XS
3400 =item Interaction with Locales
3402 =item Interaction with Extensions
3406 =item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
3414 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
3420 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
3428 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
3432 =item 13 variant characters
3440 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
3442 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
3444 =item Unicode and UTF
3450 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
3452 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
3454 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
3468 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
3470 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
3472 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
3474 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
3482 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
3484 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
3486 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
3488 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
3492 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
3496 =item URL decoding and encoding
3498 =item uu encoding and decoding
3500 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
3502 =item Caesarian ciphers
3506 =item Hashing order and checksums
3510 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
3522 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
3542 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
3550 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
3552 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
3554 =item Taint mode and @INC
3556 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
3560 =item Protecting Your Programs
3564 =item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
3572 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
3584 =item BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END
3590 =item Making your module threadsafe
3598 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
3602 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
3606 =item Pragmatic Modules
3608 assertions, assertions::activate, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint,
3609 bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding,
3610 fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re,
3611 sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version,
3612 vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
3614 =item Standard Modules
3616 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
3617 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
3618 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
3619 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
3620 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
3621 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
3622 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DBM_Filter, DB_File, Data::Dumper,
3623 Devel::DProf, Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest,
3624 Digest::MD5, Digest::base, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode,
3625 Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN,
3626 Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder,
3627 Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z,
3628 Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header,
3629 Encode::PerlIO, Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW,
3630 Encode::Unicode, Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
3631 Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM,
3632 ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
3633 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any,
3634 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
3635 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN,
3636 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
3637 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
3638 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial,
3639 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish,
3640 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
3641 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
3642 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
3643 File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc,
3644 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
3645 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
3646 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File,
3647 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
3648 I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle,
3649 IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
3650 IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg,
3651 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
3652 Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
3653 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64,
3654 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
3655 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::CalcEmu, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex,
3656 Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
3657 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
3658 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd,
3659 Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3,
3660 Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
3661 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
3662 PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint,
3663 Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
3664 Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
3665 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
3666 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
3667 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
3668 Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
3669 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util,
3670 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
3671 Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
3672 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness,
3673 Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps,
3674 Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
3675 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
3676 Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific,
3677 Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash,
3678 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
3679 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize,
3680 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap,
3683 =item Extension Modules
3697 China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
3698 Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
3700 =item Central America
3706 Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
3707 Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
3708 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
3709 Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
3710 Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
3714 Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
3715 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
3716 Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York,
3717 North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,
3718 Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
3722 Australia, New Zealand, United States
3726 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
3732 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
3736 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
3738 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
3740 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
3748 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
3754 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
3758 =item Before you start
3766 =item Release considerations
3770 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
3774 =item Has it been done before?
3776 =item Do one thing and do it well
3778 =item What's in a name?
3782 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
3786 =item To OO or not to OO?
3788 =item Designing your API
3790 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
3791 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
3794 =item Strictness and warnings
3796 =item Backwards compatibility
3798 =item Error handling and messages
3802 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
3808 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
3810 perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
3811 perl Build test, perl Build install
3815 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
3819 =item Version numbering
3821 =item Pre-requisites
3831 =item COMMON PITFALLS
3835 =item Reinventing the wheel
3837 =item Trying to do too much
3839 =item Inappropriate documentation
3845 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
3846 Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
3853 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
3863 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
3864 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
3878 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
3888 =item What should I make into a module?
3890 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
3892 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
3894 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
3896 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
3897 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
3898 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
3900 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
3902 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
3903 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
3913 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3923 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3924 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3925 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3926 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3930 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3932 =item Administration
3934 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3938 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3939 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3947 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3957 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3961 =item Using The Back Ends
3965 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3969 =item The Decompiling Back End
3971 =item The Lint Back End
3973 =item The Simple C Back End
3975 =item The Bytecode Back End
3977 =item The Optimized C Back End
3981 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3983 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3984 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3985 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3987 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3993 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4003 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4005 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4007 B<Decryption Filters>
4009 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4011 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4013 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4017 =item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
4019 Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle
4029 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
4039 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
4040 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
4044 =item Compiling your C program
4046 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
4048 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
4050 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
4052 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
4054 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
4056 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
4058 =item Execution of END blocks
4060 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
4062 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
4067 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
4079 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
4085 =item Debugger Internals
4089 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
4093 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
4095 =item Debugging regular expressions
4099 =item Compile-time output
4101 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
4102 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
4103 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
4106 =item Types of nodes
4108 =item Run-time output
4112 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
4116 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
4118 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
4119 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
4122 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
4124 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
4126 =item B<-DL> details
4130 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
4138 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
4150 =item Version caveat
4152 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
4164 =item What has gone on?
4166 =item Writing good test scripts
4170 =item What's new here?
4172 =item Input and Output Parameters
4174 =item The XSUBPP Program
4176 =item The TYPEMAP file
4178 =item Warning about Output Arguments
4182 =item What has happened here?
4184 =item Anatomy of .xs file
4186 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
4188 =item More about XSUB arguments
4190 =item The Argument Stack
4192 =item Extending your Extension
4194 =item Documenting your Extension
4196 =item Installing your Extension
4200 =item New Things in this Example
4204 =item New Things in this Example
4206 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
4208 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
4210 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
4212 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
4228 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
4240 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
4242 =item The Argument Stack
4244 =item The RETVAL Variable
4246 =item Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL
4248 =item The MODULE Keyword
4250 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4252 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4254 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4256 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4258 =item The CODE: Keyword
4260 =item The INIT: Keyword
4262 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4264 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4266 =item Default Parameter Values
4268 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4270 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4272 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4274 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4276 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4278 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4280 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4282 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4284 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4286 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4288 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4290 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4292 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4294 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4296 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4298 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4300 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4302 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4304 =item The FALLBACK: Keyword
4306 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4308 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4310 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4312 =item The CASE: Keyword
4314 =item The & Unary Operator
4316 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4318 =item Using XS With C++
4320 =item Interface Strategy
4322 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4326 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4328 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4340 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4350 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4352 =item File Operations
4354 =item File Input and Output
4356 =item File Positioning
4358 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4360 =item Character Class Tests
4362 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4364 =item Miscellaneous functions
4372 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4384 =item What is an "IV"?
4386 =item Working with SVs
4390 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4392 =item Working with AVs
4394 =item Working with HVs
4396 =item Hash API Extensions
4398 =item AVs, HVs and undefined values
4402 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4404 =item Creating New Variables
4406 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4408 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4410 =item Stashes and Globs
4412 =item Double-Typed SVs
4414 =item Magic Variables
4416 =item Assigning Magic
4418 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4422 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4424 =item Localizing changes
4426 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4427 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4428 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4429 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4430 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4431 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4432 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4433 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4434 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4435 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4443 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4445 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4447 =item Memory Allocation
4451 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4455 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4465 =item Examining the tree
4467 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4469 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4471 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4473 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4475 =item Pluggable runops
4479 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4481 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4485 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4487 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4489 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4491 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4493 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4497 =item Internal Functions
4499 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b
4503 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4505 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4507 =item Source Documentation
4511 =item Unicode Support
4515 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4517 =item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?
4519 =item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?
4521 =item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?
4523 =item How do I convert a string to UTF-8?
4525 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4529 =item Custom Operators
4537 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4543 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4545 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4547 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4567 =item Determining the Context
4571 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4577 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4579 =item Passing Parameters
4581 =item Returning a Scalar
4583 =item Returning a list of values
4585 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4587 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4591 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4595 =item Using call_argv
4597 =item Using call_method
4601 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4603 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4605 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4606 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4609 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4611 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4623 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4629 =item "Gimme" Values
4631 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4633 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4635 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4636 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4637 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4639 =item Callback Functions
4641 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4642 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4644 =item Character classes
4646 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4648 =item Cloning an interpreter
4652 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4654 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4656 =item Embedding Functions
4658 cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct,
4659 perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4661 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4663 packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str
4665 =item Global Variables
4667 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4671 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4672 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4676 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4678 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4680 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4681 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_assert, hv_clear, hv_clear_placeholders, hv_delete,
4682 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4683 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4684 hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_scalar, hv_store, hv_store_ent,
4685 hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4687 =item Magical Functions
4689 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4690 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4691 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4693 =item Memory Management
4695 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4696 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4698 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4700 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, new_version, scan_version, strEQ,
4701 strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking,
4702 sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, upg_version, vcmp, vnumify, vstringify
4704 =item Numeric functions
4706 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4709 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4711 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4713 =item Pad Data Structures
4717 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4719 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4720 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4721 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4722 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4723 XSRETURN_UV, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF,
4728 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4730 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4732 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4733 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4734 SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off,
4735 SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW,
4736 SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvIV_nomg, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp,
4737 SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX,
4738 SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only,
4739 SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force,
4740 SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force,
4741 SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg,
4742 SvPV_nolen, SvPV_nomg, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
4743 SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off,
4744 SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8,
4745 SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, SvUV_nomg, SvVOK, sv_2bool,
4746 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv_flags, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte,
4747 sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen,
4748 sv_2uv_flags, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg,
4749 sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv,
4750 sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale,
4751 sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4752 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4753 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4754 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b,
4755 sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force,
4756 sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype,
4757 sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg,
4758 sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv,
4759 sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv,
4760 sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv,
4761 sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted,
4762 sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade,
4763 sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
4764 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4766 =item Unicode Support
4768 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4769 is_utf8_string_loc, pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8,
4770 sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title,
4771 to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
4772 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
4775 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4777 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4778 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4780 =item Warning and Dieing
4790 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4797 =item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
4801 =item Functions in file pad.h
4803 CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS,
4804 PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH,
4805 PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL,
4806 PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR,
4807 PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE, PAD_SV, PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV
4809 =item Functions in file pp_ctl.c
4813 =item Global Variables
4815 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4826 =item Pad Data Structures
4828 CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon,
4829 pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex,
4830 pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new,
4831 pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef
4833 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4837 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4839 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4847 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4857 =item History and Background
4859 =item Basic Structure
4861 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4863 =item Data Structures
4865 =item Functions and Attributes
4867 =item Per-instance Data
4869 =item Layers in action.
4871 =item Per-instance flag bits
4873 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4874 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4875 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4876 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4878 =item Methods in Detail
4880 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4881 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4882 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4883 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4888 =item Implementing PerlIO Layers
4890 C implementations, Perl implementations
4894 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4896 =item Extension Layers
4898 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
4906 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4914 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4915 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4916 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4917 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4918 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4919 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4920 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4921 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4922 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4923 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4924 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4928 =item Co-existence with stdio
4930 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4931 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4933 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4935 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4936 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4937 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4938 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4940 =item Other Functions
4942 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4943 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4949 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4955 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4956 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4957 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4958 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4959 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4960 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4961 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4965 =item Keeping in sync
4967 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4968 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4970 =item Why rsync the source tree
4972 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
4974 =item Why rsync the patches
4976 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4977 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4979 =item Perlbug administration
4981 =item Submitting patches
4983 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4984 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4986 =item Finding Your Way Around
4988 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4990 =item Elements of the interpreter
4992 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4994 =item Internal Variable Types
5000 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5002 =item Millions of Macros
5004 =item The .i Targets
5006 =item Poking at Perl
5008 =item Using a source-level debugger
5010 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5011 finish, 'enter', print
5013 =item gdb macro support
5015 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5019 =item Patching a core module
5021 =item Adding a new function to the core
5023 =item Writing a test
5025 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5026 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base t/comp,
5027 t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5029 =item Special Make Test Targets
5031 coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind
5032 check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third
5033 utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8
5034 check.utf8, test_harness
5036 =item Running tests by hand
5038 PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
5042 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5046 =item Rational Software's Purify
5048 =item Purify on Unix
5050 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5054 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5058 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5060 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5064 =item Gprof Profiling
5066 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5068 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5070 =item Pixie Profiling
5072 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5075 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5079 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5087 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
5095 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
5101 =item To do during 5.6.x
5105 =item Support for I/O disciplines
5107 =item Autoload bytes.pm
5109 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
5111 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
5113 =item Overloadable regex assertions
5117 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
5119 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
5121 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
5123 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
5125 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
5127 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
5129 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
5131 =item Complete signal handling
5133 =item Out-of-source builds
5135 =item POSIX realtime support
5137 =item UNIX98 support
5141 =item Long double conversion
5145 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
5147 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
5149 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
5151 =item Security audit shipped utilities
5153 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
5155 =item Custom opcodes
5157 =item DLL Versioning
5159 =item Introduce @( and @)
5161 =item Floating point handling
5163 =item IV/UV preservation
5165 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
5167 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
5169 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
5171 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
5173 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
5175 =item Document Win32 choices
5177 =item Check new modules
5179 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
5183 =item To do at some point
5187 =item Remove regular expression recursion
5189 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
5191 =item bitfields in pack
5193 =item Cross compilation
5195 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
5197 =item Perl lexer in Perl
5199 =item Using POSIX calls internally
5201 =item -i rename file when changed
5203 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
5205 =item Support for rerunning debugger
5207 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
5209 =item my sub foo { }
5211 =item One-pass global destruction
5213 =item Rewrite regexp parser
5215 =item Cache recently used regexps
5217 =item Cross-compilation support
5219 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
5221 =item debugger pragma
5223 =item use less pragma
5225 =item switch structures
5227 =item Cache eval tree
5231 =item Shrink opcode tables
5233 =item Optimize away @_
5235 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
5239 =item Prototype method calls
5241 =item Return context prototype declarations
5245 =item Garbage collection
5249 =item Rewrite perldoc
5251 =item Install .3p manpages
5253 =item Unicode tutorial
5255 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
5257 =item Retargetable installation
5259 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
5261 =item Rename Win32 headers
5263 =item Finish off lvalue functions
5265 =item Update sprintf documentation
5267 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
5269 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
5271 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
5273 =item Should overload be inheritable?
5277 =item Perform correctly when XSUBs call subroutines that exit via
5278 goto(LABEL) and friends
5286 =item ref() in list context
5288 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
5290 =item Compile to real threaded code
5292 =item Structured types
5294 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
5296 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
5300 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
5304 =item foreach(reverse ...)
5306 =item Constant function cache
5308 =item Approximate regular expression matching
5316 =item Update guts documentation
5318 =item Add more tests
5320 =item Update auxiliary tools
5322 =item Create debugging macros
5324 =item truncate to the people
5326 =item Unicode in Filenames
5330 =item Unicode in %ENV
5332 =item Recently done things
5336 =item Alternative RE syntax module
5338 =item Safe signal handling
5344 =item setitimer and getimiter
5346 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
5348 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
5350 =item Explicit switch statements
5358 =item perlcc to produce executable
5360 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
5362 =item Secure temporary file module
5364 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
5366 =item Turn Cwd into XS
5368 =item Mmap for input
5370 =item Byte to/from UTF-8 and UTF-8 to/from local conversion
5372 =item Add sockatmark support
5374 =item Mailing list archives
5378 =item Integrate MacPerl
5380 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5382 =item Regular expression tutorial
5384 =item Debugging Tutorial
5386 =item Integrate new modules
5388 =item Integrate profiler
5390 =item Y2K error detection
5392 =item Regular expression debugger
5396 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5398 =item Cache precompiled modules
5402 =item Deprecated Wishes
5406 =item Loop control on do{}
5408 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5414 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5416 =item Named prototypes
5418 =item Built-in globbing
5420 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5422 =item Cached hash values
5424 =item Add compression modules
5426 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5428 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5430 =item Make XS easier to use
5432 =item Make embedding easier to use
5436 =item my $Package::variable
5438 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5440 =item "class"-based lexicals
5444 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5446 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5448 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5450 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5456 =head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
5466 B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I<module>, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f>
5467 I<perlfunc>, B<-q> I<perlfaq-search-regexp>, B<-T>, B<-d>
5468 I<destination-filename>, B<-o> I<output-formatname>, B<-M> I<module-name>,
5469 B<-w> I<option:value> or B<-w> I<option>, B<-X>,
5470 B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>, B<-n> I<some-formatter>, B<-r>, B<-i>,
5481 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5489 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5501 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5503 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5507 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5511 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.1
5517 =item Incompatible Changes
5521 =item substr() lvalues are no longer fixed-length
5523 =item The C<:unique> attribute is only meaningful for globals
5527 =item Core Enhancements
5533 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5537 =item Stacked filetest operators
5541 =item Modules and Pragmata
5543 Benchmark, Carp, Exporter, FindBin, List::Util, threads::shared
5545 =item Utility Changes
5549 =item Performance Enhancements
5551 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5557 =item Threading bugs
5563 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5565 =item Changed Internals
5569 =item Reordering of SVt_* constants
5571 =item Removal of CPP symbols
5573 =item Less space is used by ops
5579 =item Configuration and Building
5581 =item Known Problems
5585 =item Platform Specific Problems
5589 =item To-do for perl 5.10.0
5591 =item Reporting Bugs
5597 =head2 perl592delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.2
5603 =item Incompatible Changes
5605 =item Core Enhancements
5607 =item Modules and Pragmata
5609 =item Utility Changes
5613 =item Performance Enhancements
5615 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5617 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5619 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5621 =item Changed Internals
5623 =item Known Problems
5627 =item Platform Specific Problems
5631 =item Reporting Bugs
5637 =head2 perl591delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.1
5643 =item Incompatible Changes
5647 =item substr() lvalues are no longer fixed-length
5649 =item The C<:unique> attribute is only meaningful for globals
5653 =item Core Enhancements
5659 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5663 =item Stacked filetest operators
5667 =item Modules and Pragmata
5669 Benchmark, Carp, Exporter, FindBin, List::Util, threads::shared
5671 =item Utility Changes
5675 =item Performance Enhancements
5677 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5683 =item Threading bugs
5689 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5691 =item Changed Internals
5695 =item Reordering of SVt_* constants
5697 =item Removal of CPP symbols
5699 =item Less space is used by ops
5705 =item Configuration and Building
5707 =item Known Problems
5711 =item Platform Specific Problems
5715 =item To-do for perl 5.10.0
5717 =item Reporting Bugs
5723 =head2 perl590delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.0
5729 =item Incompatible Changes
5733 =item Hash Randomisation
5735 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
5737 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
5739 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
5741 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
5743 =item The C<$*> variable has been removed
5747 =item Core Enhancements
5753 =item Defined-or operators
5755 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
5757 =item Unsafe signals again available
5759 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5763 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
5765 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5769 =item Modules and Pragmata
5773 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5775 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
5776 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
5777 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
5778 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
5779 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
5780 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
5781 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
5786 =item Utility Changes
5788 =item New Documentation
5790 =item Performance Enhancements
5792 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5796 =item Platform-specific enhancements
5800 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5804 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
5808 =item Platform-specific fixes
5812 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5816 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
5818 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
5820 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
5822 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
5824 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
5826 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
5828 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
5830 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
5832 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
5834 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
5836 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
5840 =item Changed Internals
5844 =item Known Problems
5848 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5850 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
5856 =item Platform Specific Problems
5860 =item EBCDIC Platforms
5862 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
5864 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
5866 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
5868 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
5870 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
5872 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
5878 =item Reporting Bugs
5884 =head2 perl583delta - what is new for perl v5.8.3
5890 =item Incompatible Changes
5892 =item Core Enhancements
5894 =item Modules and Pragmata
5896 CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin, List::Util,
5897 Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Unicode::Collate,
5898 Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared
5900 =item Utility Changes
5902 =item New Documentation
5904 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5906 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5908 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5910 =item Changed Internals
5912 =item Configuration and Building
5914 =item Platform Specific Problems
5916 =item Known Problems
5918 =item Future Directions
5922 =item Reporting Bugs
5928 =head2 perl582delta - what is new for perl v5.8.2
5934 =item Incompatible Changes
5936 =item Core Enhancements
5940 =item Hash Randomisation
5946 =item Modules and Pragmata
5950 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5952 Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N::LangTags, libnet, MIME::Base64,
5953 Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes, Unicode::Collate,
5954 Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL
5958 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5960 =item Changed Internals
5962 =item Platform Specific Problems
5964 =item Future Directions
5966 =item Reporting Bugs
5972 =head2 perl581delta - what is new for perl v5.8.1
5978 =item Incompatible Changes
5982 =item Hash Randomisation
5984 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
5986 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
5988 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
5990 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
5994 =item Core Enhancements
5998 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
6000 =item Unsafe signals again available
6002 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
6006 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
6008 =item Deprecation Warnings
6010 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
6014 =item Modules and Pragmata
6018 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
6020 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
6021 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
6022 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
6023 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
6024 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
6025 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
6026 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
6031 =item Utility Changes
6033 =item New Documentation
6035 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6039 =item Platform-specific enhancements
6043 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6047 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
6051 =item Platform-specific fixes
6055 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6059 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
6061 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
6063 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
6065 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
6067 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
6069 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
6071 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
6073 =item New "Pseudo-hashes are deprecated"
6075 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
6077 =item New "5.005 threads are deprecated"
6079 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
6081 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
6083 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
6087 =item Changed Internals
6091 =item Known Problems
6095 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
6097 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
6103 =item Platform Specific Problems
6107 =item EBCDIC Platforms
6109 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
6111 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
6113 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
6115 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
6117 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
6119 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
6123 =item Future Directions
6125 =item Reporting Bugs
6131 =head2 perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
6137 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
6139 =item Incompatible Changes
6143 =item Binary Incompatibility
6145 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
6147 =item AIX Dynaloading
6149 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
6151 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
6153 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
6155 =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
6157 =item New Unicode Properties
6159 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
6161 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
6163 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
6169 =item Core Enhancements
6173 =item Unicode Overhaul
6175 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
6179 =item Restricted Hashes
6183 =item Understanding of Numbers
6185 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
6187 =item Miscellaneous Changes
6191 =item Modules and Pragmata
6195 =item New Modules and Pragmata
6197 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6201 =item Utility Changes
6203 =item New Documentation
6205 =item Performance Enhancements
6207 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6211 =item Generic Improvements
6213 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6217 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6221 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6225 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6227 =item Changed Internals
6229 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
6233 =item Known Problems
6237 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
6239 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
6241 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6243 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
6245 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
6247 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6249 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
6251 =item PDL failing some tests
6255 =item Self-tying Problems
6257 =item ext/threads/t/libc
6259 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
6261 =item Timing problems
6263 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
6265 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
6269 =item Platform Specific Problems
6275 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
6281 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
6283 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
6285 =item DJGPP Failures
6287 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
6289 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
6291 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
6293 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
6295 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
6297 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6301 =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
6303 =item OS/2 Test Failures
6305 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
6311 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
6313 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
6315 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
6327 =item XML::Parser not working
6331 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
6333 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
6337 =item Reporting Bugs
6345 =head2 perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
6353 =item Reporting Bugs
6361 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
6367 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6369 =item Incompatible Changes
6373 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
6375 =item AIX Dynaloading
6377 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
6379 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
6385 =item Core Enhancements
6387 =item Modules and Pragmata
6391 =item New Modules and Distributions
6393 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6397 =item Utility Changes
6399 =item New Documentation
6401 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6405 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6407 =item Generic Improvements
6411 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6415 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6419 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6421 =item Source Code Enhancements
6425 =item MAGIC constants
6427 =item Better commented code
6429 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
6437 =item Known Problems
6443 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
6445 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6447 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
6449 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
6451 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
6453 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6457 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
6459 =item Failure of Thread tests
6469 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
6471 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6473 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
6475 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6477 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6479 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
6483 =item Reporting Bugs
6491 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
6497 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6499 =item Incompatible Changes
6501 =item Core Enhancements
6505 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
6507 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
6509 =item Signals Are Now Safe
6513 =item Modules and Pragmata
6519 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6523 =item Performance Enhancements
6525 =item Utility Changes
6527 =item New Documentation
6543 =item README.solaris
6547 =item Porting/repository.pod
6551 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6555 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6557 =item Generic Improvements
6559 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
6560 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
6561 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
6565 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6569 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6573 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6575 =item Changed Internals
6579 =item Known Problems
6583 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
6585 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6587 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6589 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6593 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6595 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
6597 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
6599 =item Failure of Thread tests
6601 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
6603 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6605 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6607 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6611 =item Reporting Bugs
6619 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
6625 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6627 =item Incompatible Changes
6629 =item Core Enhancements
6631 =item Modules and Pragmata
6637 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6641 =item Utility Changes
6643 =item New Documentation
6645 =item Performance Enhancements
6647 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6651 =item Generic Improvements
6655 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6659 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6663 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6665 =item Changed Internals
6667 =item Known Problems
6671 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
6673 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
6675 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6677 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6679 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6681 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
6683 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6685 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
6687 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
6689 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6693 =item Reporting Bugs
6701 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
6707 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
6711 =item Security Issues
6713 =item Core bug fixes
6715 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
6716 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
6717 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
6718 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
6719 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
6720 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
6725 =item Configuration issues
6729 =item Bundled modules
6731 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
6732 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
6733 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
6734 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
6736 =item Platform-specific improvements
6738 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
6742 =item Core Enhancements
6746 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6748 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6750 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6752 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6754 =item "our" declarations
6756 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6758 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6760 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6762 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6764 =item open() with more than two arguments
6766 =item 64-bit support
6768 =item Large file support
6774 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6776 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6778 =item File globbing implemented internally
6780 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6782 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6784 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6786 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6788 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6790 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6792 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6794 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6796 =item Comments in pack() templates
6798 =item Weak references
6800 =item Binary numbers supported
6802 =item Lvalue subroutines
6804 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6806 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6808 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6810 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6812 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6814 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6816 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6818 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6820 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6822 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6824 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6826 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6828 =item Improved diagnostics
6830 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6832 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6834 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6836 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6838 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6840 =item Improved security features
6842 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6844 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6846 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6848 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6850 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6852 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6854 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6858 =item Modules and Pragmata
6864 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6865 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6866 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6867 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6868 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6869 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6870 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6871 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6877 =item Utility Changes
6891 =item The Perl Debugger
6895 =item Improved Documentation
6897 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6898 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6899 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6900 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6902 =item Performance enhancements
6906 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6908 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6910 =item Faster subroutine calls
6912 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6916 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6920 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6922 =item New Configure flags
6924 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6930 =item -Duselargefiles
6932 =item installusrbinperl
6938 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6940 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6944 =item Platform specific changes
6948 =item Supported platforms
6952 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6960 =item Significant bug fixes
6964 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6966 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6968 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6970 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6972 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6974 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6976 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6978 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6980 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6982 =item Locale bugs fixed
6986 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6988 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6990 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6992 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6996 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6998 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6999 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
7000 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
7001 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
7002 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
7003 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
7004 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
7005 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
7006 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
7007 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
7008 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
7009 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
7010 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
7011 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
7012 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
7013 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
7014 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
7015 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
7016 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
7017 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
7018 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
7019 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
7020 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
7021 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
7022 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
7023 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
7024 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
7025 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
7026 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
7027 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
7028 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
7029 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
7030 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
7031 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
7032 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
7033 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
7034 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
7035 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
7036 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
7037 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
7038 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
7039 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
7040 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
7041 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
7042 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
7043 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
7044 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
7045 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
7046 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
7047 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
7051 =item Incompatible Changes
7055 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
7057 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
7058 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
7059 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
7060 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
7061 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
7062 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
7063 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
7064 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
7065 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
7066 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
7067 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
7069 =item C Source Incompatibilities
7071 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
7073 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
7075 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
7077 =item Binary Incompatibilities
7081 =item Known Problems
7085 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
7087 =item Known test failures
7089 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
7091 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
7093 =item Arrow operator and arrays
7095 =item Experimental features
7097 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
7098 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
7099 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
7103 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7105 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
7106 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
7107 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
7108 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
7110 =item Reporting Bugs
7118 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
7124 =item Core Enhancements
7128 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
7130 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
7132 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
7134 =item Support for interpolating named characters
7136 =item "our" declarations
7138 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
7140 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
7142 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
7144 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
7146 =item open() with more than two arguments
7148 =item 64-bit support
7150 =item Large file support
7156 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
7158 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
7160 =item File globbing implemented internally
7162 =item Support for CHECK blocks
7164 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
7166 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
7168 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
7170 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
7172 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
7174 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
7176 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
7178 =item Comments in pack() templates
7180 =item Weak references
7182 =item Binary numbers supported
7184 =item Lvalue subroutines
7186 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
7188 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
7190 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
7192 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
7194 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
7196 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
7198 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
7200 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
7202 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
7204 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
7206 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
7208 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
7210 =item Improved diagnostics
7212 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
7214 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
7216 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
7218 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
7220 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
7222 =item Improved security features
7224 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
7226 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
7228 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
7230 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
7232 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
7234 =item Optional Y2K warnings
7236 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
7240 =item Modules and Pragmata
7246 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
7247 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
7248 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
7249 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
7250 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
7251 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
7252 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
7253 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
7259 =item Utility Changes
7273 =item The Perl Debugger
7277 =item Improved Documentation
7279 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
7280 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
7281 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
7282 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
7284 =item Performance enhancements
7288 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
7290 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
7292 =item Faster subroutine calls
7294 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
7298 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7302 =item -Dusethreads means something different
7304 =item New Configure flags
7306 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
7312 =item -Duselargefiles
7314 =item installusrbinperl
7320 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
7324 =item Platform specific changes
7328 =item Supported platforms
7332 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
7340 =item Significant bug fixes
7344 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
7346 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
7348 =item All compilation errors are true errors
7350 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
7352 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
7354 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
7356 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
7358 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
7360 =item Failures in DESTROY()
7362 =item Locale bugs fixed
7366 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
7368 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
7370 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
7372 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
7376 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7378 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
7379 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
7380 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
7381 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
7382 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
7383 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
7384 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
7385 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
7386 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
7387 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
7388 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
7389 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
7390 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
7391 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
7392 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
7393 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
7394 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
7395 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
7396 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
7397 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
7398 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
7399 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
7400 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
7401 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
7402 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
7403 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
7404 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
7405 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
7406 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
7407 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
7408 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
7409 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
7410 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
7411 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
7412 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
7413 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
7414 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
7415 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
7416 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
7417 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
7418 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
7419 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
7420 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
7421 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
7422 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
7423 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
7424 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
7425 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
7426 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
7427 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
7431 =item Incompatible Changes
7435 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
7437 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
7438 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
7439 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
7440 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
7441 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
7442 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
7443 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
7444 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
7445 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
7446 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
7447 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
7449 =item C Source Incompatibilities
7451 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
7453 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
7455 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
7457 =item Binary Incompatibilities
7461 =item Known Problems
7465 =item Thread test failures
7467 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
7469 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
7471 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
7473 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
7476 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
7478 =item Arrow operator and arrays
7480 =item Experimental features
7482 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
7483 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
7484 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
7488 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7490 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
7491 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
7492 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
7493 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
7495 =item Reporting Bugs
7503 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
7509 =item About the new versioning system
7511 =item Incompatible Changes
7515 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
7517 =item Default installation structure has changed
7519 =item Perl Source Compatibility
7521 =item C Source Compatibility
7523 =item Binary Compatibility
7525 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
7527 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
7541 =item Regular Expressions
7543 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
7544 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
7545 improvements, Incompatible changes
7547 =item Improved malloc()
7549 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
7551 =item Reliable signals
7553 =item Reliable stack pointers
7555 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
7559 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
7561 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
7563 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
7565 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
7567 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
7569 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
7571 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
7573 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
7575 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
7577 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
7579 =item Better locale support
7581 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
7583 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
7585 =item Extended support for exception handling
7587 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
7589 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
7591 =item New C<INIT> keyword
7593 =item New C<lock> keyword
7595 =item New C<qr//> operator
7597 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
7599 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
7601 =item Tied handles support is better
7603 =item 4th argument to substr
7605 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
7607 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
7609 =item <> now reads in records
7613 =item Supported Platforms
7619 =item Changes in existing support
7623 =item Modules and Pragmata
7629 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
7630 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
7631 Thread, attrs, fields, re
7633 =item Changes in existing modules
7635 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
7636 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
7640 =item Utility Changes
7642 =item Documentation Changes
7644 =item New Diagnostics
7646 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
7647 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
7648 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
7649 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
7650 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
7651 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
7652 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
7653 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
7654 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
7655 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
7656 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
7657 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
7658 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
7659 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
7660 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
7661 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
7662 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
7664 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7666 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
7667 temporary file, regexp too big
7669 =item Configuration Changes
7679 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
7685 =item Supported Environments
7691 =item List assignment to %ENV works
7693 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
7695 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
7697 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
7699 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
7701 =item More precise warnings
7703 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
7705 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
7707 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
7709 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
7711 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
7713 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
7715 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
7717 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
7719 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
7721 =item Changes to tainting checks
7723 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
7724 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
7726 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
7728 =item Embedding improvements
7730 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
7732 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
7734 =item New and changed syntax
7738 =item New and changed builtin constants
7742 =item New and changed builtin variables
7746 =item New and changed builtin functions
7748 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
7749 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
7750 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
7751 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
7752 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
7754 =item New builtin methods
7756 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
7758 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
7760 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
7761 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
7763 =item Malloc enhancements
7765 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
7767 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
7771 =item Support for More Operating Systems
7787 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
7788 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
7794 =item Required Updates
7796 =item Installation directories
7798 =item Module information summary
7812 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
7816 =item Utility Changes
7822 Sends converted HTML to standard output
7826 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
7830 =item C Language API Changes
7832 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
7835 =item Documentation Changes
7837 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
7838 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
7840 =item New Diagnostics
7842 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
7843 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
7844 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
7845 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
7846 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
7847 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
7848 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
7849 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
7850 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
7851 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
7852 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
7853 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
7854 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
7855 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
7856 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
7857 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
7858 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
7859 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
7860 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
7861 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
7862 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
7863 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
7864 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
7865 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
7866 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
7876 =head2 perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License
7884 =item The "Artistic License"
7892 "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Reasonable
7893 copying fee", "Freely Available"
7897 a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)
7903 =head2 perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2
7915 =item GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
7919 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
7927 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
7931 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
7933 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
7935 =item The usenm option
7937 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
7939 =item Using Large Files with Perl
7945 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
7955 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7971 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7973 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7975 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7977 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7983 =item Accessing documentation
7987 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7989 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7991 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7993 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7997 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
8001 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
8003 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
8005 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
8007 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
8009 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
8013 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
8021 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
8031 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
8039 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
8041 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
8045 =item Contact Information
8047 =item Update 2002-05-30
8053 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
8063 =item gzip on BS2000
8065 =item bison on BS2000
8067 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
8069 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
8071 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
8073 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
8075 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
8077 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
8079 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
8081 =item Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions
8099 =head2 perlce - Perl for WinCE
8111 Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's
8112 celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources
8116 go to ./wince subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run compile.bat, run
8121 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
8127 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
8133 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
8137 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
8139 =item Cygwin Configuration
8141 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
8145 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
8149 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
8151 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
8153 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
8154 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
8156 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
8158 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
8159 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
8162 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
8164 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
8168 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
8172 =item Errors on Cygwin
8178 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
8182 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
8184 =item NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
8186 =item C<fork()> failures in io_* tests
8188 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
8190 Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, F<.exe>, C<chown()>, Miscellaneous
8194 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
8196 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
8198 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
8199 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
8201 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
8209 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
8221 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
8225 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
8227 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
8229 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
8231 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
8241 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
8251 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
8255 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
8257 =item Building Perl on DOS
8259 =item Testing Perl on DOS
8261 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
8265 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
8269 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
8271 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
8273 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
8275 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
8285 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
8293 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
8295 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
8299 =item Editors on Epoc
8301 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
8303 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
8305 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
8309 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
8317 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
8325 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
8327 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
8329 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
8337 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
8346 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
8348 =item Using perl from HP's porting centre
8350 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
8362 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
8364 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
8366 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
8368 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
8370 =item The GNU C Compiler
8372 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
8374 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
8376 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
8378 =item Oracle on HP-UX
8380 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
8382 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
8384 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
8386 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
8390 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8398 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
8406 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
8414 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
8422 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
8424 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
8426 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
8428 =item Linker Problems in Irix
8430 =item Malloc in Irix
8432 =item Building with threads in Irix
8442 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
8451 =item Perl version 5.8.x and greater not supported
8453 =item Compiling Perl 5.6.x on MachTen
8455 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
8457 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
8459 =item Building external modules on MachTen
8469 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
8483 =head2 perlmacosx, README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X
8493 =item Installation Prefix
8495 =item libperl and Prebinding
8497 =item Updating Panther
8499 =item Known problems
8509 =item Starting From Scratch
8517 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
8523 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
8529 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
8537 =item Binary distribution from HP
8539 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
8541 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
8543 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
8545 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
8547 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
8549 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
8550 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
8552 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
8556 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
8558 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
8560 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
8562 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
8564 =item Perl/iX Change History
8570 =head2 perlnetware - Perl for NetWare
8584 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
8596 =item BUILD NEW EXTENSIONS
8598 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
8606 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
8626 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
8628 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
8630 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
8634 =item Frequently asked questions
8638 =item "It does not work"
8640 =item I cannot run external programs
8642 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
8645 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
8648 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
8650 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
8658 =item Automatic binary installation
8660 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
8662 =item Manual binary installation
8664 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
8665 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
8666 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
8667 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
8668 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
8674 =item Accessing documentation
8678 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
8686 =item GNU C<info> files
8698 =item The short story
8702 =item Getting perl source
8704 =item Application of the patches
8712 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
8715 =item Installing the built perl
8717 =item C<a.out>-style build
8721 =item Building a binary distribution
8723 =item Building custom F<.EXE> files
8727 =item Making executables with a custom collection of statically loaded
8730 =item Making executables with a custom search-paths
8738 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
8740 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
8742 =item Problems with tr or sed
8744 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
8746 =item Library ... not found
8748 =item Segfault in make
8750 =item op/sprintf test failure
8754 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
8758 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
8762 =item C<extproc> on the first line
8764 =item Additional modules:
8766 =item Prebuilt methods:
8768 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
8769 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
8770 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
8771 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
8772 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
8773 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
8774 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
8775 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
8776 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
8777 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
8778 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
8779 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
8781 =item Prebuilt variables:
8783 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
8790 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
8793 =item Identifying DLLs
8795 =item Centralized management of resources
8797 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
8798 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
8799 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
8800 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
8814 =item F<perl___.exe>
8816 =item Why strange names?
8818 =item Why dynamic linking?
8820 =item Why chimera build?
8828 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
8830 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
8832 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
8834 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
8836 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
8838 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
8846 =item Text-mode filehandles
8850 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
8852 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
8854 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
8857 =item DLL forwarder generation
8861 =item Calls to external programs
8863 =item Memory allocation
8867 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
8883 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
8896 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
8898 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
8900 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
8902 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
8904 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8906 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8908 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8910 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
8912 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8914 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
8924 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
8932 =head2 perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400
8940 =item Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE
8942 =item Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE
8944 =item Using Perl in OS/400 PASE
8946 =item Known Problems
8956 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
8966 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
8968 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
8970 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
8972 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
8976 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
8980 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
8992 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
9000 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
9002 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
9004 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
9006 =item QNX auxiliary files
9010 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
9018 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
9026 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
9032 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
9038 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
9040 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
9042 =item Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris
9046 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
9050 =item 64-bit perl on Solaris.
9052 =item Threads in perl on Solaris.
9054 =item Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.
9058 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
9060 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
9061 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
9062 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
9068 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
9070 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
9074 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
9076 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
9080 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
9084 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
9086 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
9090 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
9092 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
9094 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
9106 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
9107 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
9115 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
9117 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
9119 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
9121 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
9123 =item DB_File tests failing on Tru64
9125 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
9127 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
9131 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
9133 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
9135 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
9141 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
9149 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
9151 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
9157 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
9167 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
9169 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
9171 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
9173 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
9175 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
9185 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
9191 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
9199 =item Organization of Perl Images
9205 =item Perl Extensions
9207 =item Installing static extensions
9209 =item Installing dynamic extensions
9213 =item File specifications
9219 =item Wildcard expansion
9225 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
9231 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
9233 =item Command line switches
9239 =item Perl functions
9241 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
9242 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
9243 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
9244 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
9246 =item Perl variables
9248 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
9250 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
9264 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
9270 =item BUILDING PERL FOR VOS
9272 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
9274 =item USING PERL IN VOS
9278 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
9280 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
9286 =item SUPPORT STATUS
9294 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
9304 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
9306 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
9307 SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW32 with gcc, MinGW release 1
9311 =item Testing Perl on Win32
9313 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
9315 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
9317 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
9318 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
9319 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
9321 =item Running Perl Scripts
9323 Miscellaneous Things
9327 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
9329 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
9333 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
9334 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
9335 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
9343 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
9345 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
9357 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
9367 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
9368 data structures between threads
9380 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
9381 LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
9382 ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9394 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9403 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9404 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
9405 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
9409 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9415 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
9416 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
9418 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9424 =head2 assertions - select assertions in blocks of code
9436 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
9440 =head2 assertions::activate - activate assertions
9452 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
9456 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
9466 =item Built-in Attributes
9468 locked, method, lvalue
9470 =item Available Subroutines
9474 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
9476 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
9478 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
9486 =item Default exports
9488 =item Available exports
9490 =item Export tags defined
9500 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
9516 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time
9532 =head2 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
9544 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
9548 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
9570 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
9582 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
9588 inf(), NaN(), upgrade()
9592 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
9610 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
9634 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
9635 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
9636 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
9637 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
9638 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
9648 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
9662 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
9677 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
9686 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
9688 =item CUSTOM ALIASES
9692 =item Anonymous hashes
9696 =item Alias shortcut
9700 =item charnames::viacode(code)
9702 =item charnames::vianame(name)
9706 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
9712 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
9724 =item List constants
9726 =item Defining multiple constants at once
9728 =item Magic constants
9732 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
9742 =head2 diagnostics, splain - produce verbose warning diagnostics
9752 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
9754 =item The I<splain> Program
9768 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
9778 =item Literal Conversions
9780 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
9782 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
9786 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
9788 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
9792 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
9793 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
9795 =item The Filter Option
9799 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
9809 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
9811 =item tr/// with ranges
9813 Legend of characters above
9817 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
9819 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
9821 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
9829 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
9843 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
9853 =item subpragma access
9859 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
9873 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
9884 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
9894 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
9904 =item Adding directories to @INC
9906 =item Deleting directories from @INC
9908 =item Restoring original @INC
9922 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
9933 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
9941 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
9943 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
9949 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
9961 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
9971 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
9973 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
9975 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
9977 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
9979 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
9981 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
9983 =item Overloadable Operations
9985 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
9986 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
9987 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
9989 =item Inheritance and overloading
9991 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
9992 is inherited by derived classes
9996 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
10004 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
10006 =item Copy Constructor
10012 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
10014 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
10015 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
10016 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
10019 =item Losing overloading
10021 =item Run-time Overloading
10023 =item Public functions
10025 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
10027 =item Overloading constants
10029 integer, float, binary, q, qr
10031 =item IMPLEMENTATION
10033 =item Metaphor clash
10039 =item Two-face scalars
10041 =item Two-face references
10043 =item Symbolic calculator
10045 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
10053 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
10054 type, `%s' is not a code reference
10060 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
10072 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
10074 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
10078 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
10082 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
10090 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
10102 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
10110 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
10116 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
10126 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
10127 structures between threads
10139 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
10140 LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
10141 ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
10153 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
10164 =item Utility functions
10166 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::downgrade($string[,
10167 FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), utf8::decode($string), $flag =
10168 utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)
10178 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
10188 =head2 version - Perl extension for Version Objects
10198 =item What IS a version
10200 Numeric Versions, Quoted Versions
10202 =item What about v-strings?
10204 =item Numeric Versions
10206 =item Quoted Versions
10208 =item Object Methods
10210 New Operator, qv(), Stringification, Numification, Comparison operators,
10215 =item Types of Versions Objects
10217 Ordinary versions, Alpha versions
10219 =item Replacement UNIVERSAL::VERSION
10231 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
10239 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
10243 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
10251 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
10252 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
10253 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
10254 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
10255 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
10259 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
10269 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
10271 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
10281 =item DBM Comparisons
10291 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
10301 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
10305 =item Typed lexicals
10307 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
10309 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
10311 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
10313 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
10321 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
10322 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
10323 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
10324 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
10325 be able to apply END handler>
10335 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
10345 =item Subroutine Stubs
10347 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
10349 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
10351 =item Package Lexicals
10353 =item Not Using AutoLoader
10355 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
10365 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
10373 $keep, $check, $modtime
10377 =item Multiple packages
10385 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
10395 =item Utility Functions
10399 =item Functions Returning C<B::SV>, C<B::AV>, C<B::HV>, and C<B::CV>
10402 sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av,
10403 check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv
10405 =item Functions for Examining the Symbol Table
10407 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)
10409 =item Functions Returning C<B::OP> objects or for walking op trees
10411 main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)
10413 =item Miscellaneous Utility Functions
10415 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
10416 perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
10420 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
10424 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
10426 =item B::SV Methods
10428 REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref
10430 =item B::IV Methods
10432 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
10434 =item B::NV Methods
10438 =item B::RV Methods
10442 =item B::PV Methods
10446 =item B::PVMG Methods
10450 =item B::MAGIC Methods
10452 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
10454 =item B::PVLV Methods
10456 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
10458 =item B::BM Methods
10460 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
10462 =item B::GV Methods
10464 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
10465 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
10467 =item B::IO Methods
10469 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
10470 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
10472 =item B::AV Methods
10474 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, AvFLAGS
10476 =item B::CV Methods
10478 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB,
10479 XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
10481 =item B::HV Methods
10483 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
10485 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
10487 =item B::OP Methods
10489 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
10491 =item B::UNOP METHOD
10495 =item B::BINOP METHOD
10499 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
10503 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
10507 =item B::PMOP Methods
10509 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
10510 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset
10512 =item B::SVOP METHOD
10516 =item B::PADOP METHOD
10520 =item B::PVOP METHOD
10524 =item B::LOOP Methods
10526 redoop, nextop, lastop
10528 =item B::COP Methods
10530 label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io
10538 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
10547 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
10553 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
10565 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10585 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
10597 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
10607 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
10617 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
10618 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
10619 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
10630 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
10640 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
10641 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
10642 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
10654 =item Context of ".."
10658 =item Deprecated features
10666 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
10678 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
10679 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
10680 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
10682 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
10684 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
10685 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
10686 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
10687 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
10688 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
10689 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
10690 B<#seq>, B<#opt>, B<#static>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>,
10691 B<#svval>, B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
10693 =item ABBREVIATIONS
10697 =item OP flags abbreviations
10699 =item OP class abbreviations
10703 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
10709 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
10721 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
10731 B<-d>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
10732 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
10734 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
10744 =item ambient_pragmas
10746 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
10758 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
10770 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
10778 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
10780 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<bare-subs>,
10781 B<dollar-underscore>, B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>,
10782 B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
10784 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
10794 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
10804 =item IMPLEMENTATION
10812 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
10824 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
10836 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
10838 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
10850 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
10860 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
10868 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10888 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
10902 =item Standard Exports
10904 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
10905 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
10906 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
10908 =item Optional Exports
10910 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [
10911 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
10912 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
10914 =item :hireswallclock
10930 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
10934 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
10948 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
10960 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
10970 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
10982 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
10984 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
10986 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
10988 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
10990 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
10992 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
10994 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
10996 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
10998 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
11000 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
11002 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
11004 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
11006 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
11008 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
11010 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
11012 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
11014 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
11016 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
11017 B<:standard>, B<:all>
11021 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
11022 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
11025 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
11027 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
11028 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
11033 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
11037 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
11039 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
11041 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
11043 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
11045 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
11047 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
11049 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
11051 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
11052 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
11054 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
11058 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
11062 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
11064 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
11066 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
11068 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
11070 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
11072 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
11073 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
11075 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
11079 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
11083 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
11085 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
11087 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
11089 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
11093 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
11095 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
11097 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
11101 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
11103 =item CREATING AN OPTION GROUP
11105 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
11109 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
11113 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
11117 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
11121 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
11125 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
11127 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
11129 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
11133 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
11135 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
11136 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
11138 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
11144 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
11145 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
11147 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
11149 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
11150 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
11153 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
11159 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
11163 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
11165 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
11166 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
11167 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
11168 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
11169 B<virtual_port ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name
11170 ()>, B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
11172 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
11174 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
11179 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
11181 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
11183 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
11184 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
11186 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
11188 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11192 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
11193 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
11194 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
11195 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
11196 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
11197 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
11198 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
11199 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
11200 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
11201 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
11202 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
11203 ...and many many more..
11205 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
11213 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
11223 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11231 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
11240 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
11242 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
11246 =item Changing the default message
11250 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
11252 =item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
11260 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
11268 =item USING CGI::Cookie
11270 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
11274 =item Creating New Cookies
11276 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
11278 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
11280 =item Manipulating Cookies
11282 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
11286 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11294 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
11302 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
11304 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
11306 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
11308 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
11310 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
11312 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
11316 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11324 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
11334 =item Tags that won't be formatted
11336 =item Customizing the Indenting
11348 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
11356 =item USING CGI::Push
11358 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
11362 =item Heterogeneous Pages
11364 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
11368 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
11370 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11378 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
11388 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11396 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
11404 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11410 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
11422 =item Interactive Mode
11424 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
11425 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
11426 distribution, ls author, Signals
11434 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
11436 =item Programmer's interface
11438 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
11440 =item Methods in the other Classes
11442 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
11443 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
11444 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
11445 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
11446 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
11447 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
11448 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
11449 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
11450 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
11451 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
11452 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
11453 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
11454 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
11455 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
11456 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
11457 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
11458 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
11459 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
11460 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
11461 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
11462 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
11463 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
11464 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
11465 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
11466 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
11467 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
11469 =item Cache Manager
11473 =item Prerequisites
11475 =item Finding packages and VERSION
11479 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
11483 =item CONFIGURATION
11485 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
11486 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
11487 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
11488 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
11492 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
11494 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
11502 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
11504 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
11508 =item Three basic types of firewalls
11510 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
11512 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
11518 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
11530 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
11540 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
11553 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
11563 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
11571 =head2 Carp::Heavy - heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside
11573 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
11583 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
11584 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
11585 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
11587 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
11595 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
11605 =item The C<struct()> function
11607 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
11609 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
11611 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
11612 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
11614 =item Initializing with C<new>
11620 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
11622 =item Author and Modification History
11626 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
11634 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names)
11646 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
11650 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
11651 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
11652 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
11653 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
11657 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
11661 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
11662 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
11663 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
11664 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
11665 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
11666 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
11667 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
11671 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_aintl>, C<d_alarm>,
11672 C<d_archlib>, C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>,
11673 C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>,
11674 C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>,
11675 C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>,
11676 C<d_const>, C<d_copysignl>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>,
11677 C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>,
11678 C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>,
11679 C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>,
11680 C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>,
11681 C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>,
11682 C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>,
11683 C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_faststdio>, C<d_fchdir>,
11684 C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>,
11685 C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>,
11686 C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>,
11687 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>,
11688 C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>,
11689 C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>,
11690 C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>,
11691 C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>,
11692 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
11693 C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>, C<d_gethostent_r>,
11694 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getlogin_r>,
11695 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
11696 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>, C<d_getnetent_r>,
11697 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
11698 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
11699 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>, C<d_getprotobynumber_r>,
11700 C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
11701 C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>, C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>,
11702 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>,
11703 C<d_getservent_r>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>,
11704 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
11705 C<d_htonl>, C<d_ilogbl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>,
11706 C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
11707 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>,
11708 C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>,
11709 C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>,
11710 C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>,
11711 C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>,
11712 C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_modflproto>,
11713 C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>,
11714 C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>,
11715 C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>,
11716 C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>,
11717 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
11718 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
11719 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
11720 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
11721 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
11722 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
11723 C<d_pthread_attr_setscope>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
11724 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
11725 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
11726 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
11727 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
11728 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_scalbnl>, C<d_sched_yield>,
11729 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
11730 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
11731 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
11732 C<d_setgrent_r>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>,
11733 C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>,
11734 C<d_setnent>, C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
11735 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>,
11736 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
11737 C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
11738 C<d_setservent_r>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
11739 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
11740 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
11741 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
11742 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>,
11743 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
11744 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
11745 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
11746 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
11747 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>,
11748 C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>,
11749 C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
11750 C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
11751 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
11752 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
11753 C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>, C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>,
11754 C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
11755 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
11756 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
11757 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vendorscript>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
11758 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
11759 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
11760 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
11761 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
11762 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
11766 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
11767 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
11768 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
11769 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
11773 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
11774 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
11779 C<gccansipedantic>, C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>,
11780 C<getgrgid_r_proto>, C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>,
11781 C<gethostbyname_r_proto>, C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>,
11782 C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>, C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>,
11783 C<getprotobyname_r_proto>, C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>,
11784 C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>, C<getpwnam_r_proto>,
11785 C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>, C<getservbyport_r_proto>,
11786 C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>,
11787 C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<gmtime_r_proto>,
11788 C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
11792 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<html1dir>, C<html1direxp>,
11793 C<html3dir>, C<html3direxp>
11797 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
11798 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
11799 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
11800 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
11801 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
11802 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
11803 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
11804 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
11805 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
11806 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
11807 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
11808 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
11809 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
11810 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
11811 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
11812 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
11813 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
11814 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
11815 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installhtml1dir>,
11816 C<installhtml3dir>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>,
11817 C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
11818 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitehtml1dir>,
11819 C<installsitehtml3dir>, C<installsitelib>, C<installsiteman1dir>,
11820 C<installsiteman3dir>, C<installsitescript>, C<installstyle>,
11821 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
11822 C<installvendorhtml1dir>, C<installvendorhtml3dir>, C<installvendorlib>,
11823 C<installvendorman1dir>, C<installvendorman3dir>, C<installvendorscript>,
11824 C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
11828 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
11832 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
11833 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
11834 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
11835 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
11836 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
11837 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
11842 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
11843 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
11844 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
11848 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mistrustnm>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>,
11849 C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>,
11854 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
11855 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
11856 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
11857 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
11858 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
11862 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
11863 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
11867 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
11868 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
11872 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
11873 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
11874 C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>, C<privlibexp>,
11875 C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
11879 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
11883 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
11884 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
11885 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
11889 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
11890 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
11891 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
11892 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
11893 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
11894 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
11895 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
11896 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitehtml1dir>, C<sitehtml1direxp>, C<sitehtml3dir>,
11897 C<sitehtml3direxp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>,
11898 C<siteman1dir>, C<siteman1direxp>, C<siteman3dir>, C<siteman3direxp>,
11899 C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sitescript>, C<sitescriptexp>,
11900 C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>,
11901 C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>,
11902 C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>,
11903 C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>,
11904 C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>, C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>,
11905 C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>,
11906 C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>,
11907 C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>,
11908 C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
11912 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
11913 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
11918 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
11919 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
11920 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
11921 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<usefaststdio>,
11922 C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>,
11923 C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>,
11924 C<useposix>, C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>,
11925 C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>,
11926 C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>,
11931 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
11932 C<vendorhtml1dir>, C<vendorhtml1direxp>, C<vendorhtml3dir>,
11933 C<vendorhtml3direxp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>,
11934 C<vendorman1dir>, C<vendorman1direxp>, C<vendorman3dir>,
11935 C<vendorman3direxp>, C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<vendorscript>,
11936 C<vendorscriptexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
11937 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
11945 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
11957 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
11967 =item getcwd and friends
11969 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
11971 =item abs_path and friends
11973 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
11987 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
11999 =item Global Variables
12001 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
12002 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
12007 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
12008 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
12010 =item Client Callback Methods
12012 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
12013 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
12014 CLIENT->output(LIST)
12024 =head2 DBM_Filter -- Filter DBM keys/values
12032 =item What is a DBM Filter?
12036 =item So what's new?
12044 =item $db->Filter_Push()
12046 =item $db->Filter_Key_Push()
12048 =item $db->Filter_Value_Push()
12050 Filter_Push, Filter_Key_Push, Filter_Value_Push
12052 =item $db->Filter_Pop()
12054 =item $db->Filtered()
12058 =item Writing a Filter
12062 =item Immediate Filters
12064 =item Canned Filters
12070 =item Filters Included
12072 utf8, encode, compress, int32, null
12078 =item Maintain Round Trip Integrity
12080 =item Don't mix filtered & non-filtered data in the same database file.
12092 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
12100 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
12104 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
12106 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
12108 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
12110 =item Default Parameters
12112 =item In Memory Databases
12120 =item A Simple Example
12128 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
12130 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
12132 =item The get_dup() Method
12134 =item The find_dup() Method
12136 =item The del_dup() Method
12138 =item Matching Partial Keys
12146 =item The 'bval' Option
12148 =item A Simple Example
12150 =item Extra RECNO Methods
12152 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
12153 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
12154 length, elements);>
12156 =item Another Example
12160 =item THE API INTERFACE
12162 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
12163 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
12164 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
12165 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
12169 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
12170 B<filter_fetch_value>
12176 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
12178 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
12182 =item HINTS AND TIPS
12186 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
12188 =item Safe ways to lock a database
12190 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
12192 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
12194 =item The untie() Gotcha
12198 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
12202 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
12204 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
12206 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
12208 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
12228 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
12229 printing and C<eval>
12241 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
12242 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
12243 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
12250 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
12276 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
12284 =item PROFILE FORMAT
12296 =head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability
12318 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
12328 =item Runtime debugging
12330 =item Memory footprint debugging
12338 =item A simple scalar string
12340 =item A simple scalar number
12342 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
12344 =item A reference to a simple scalar
12346 =item A reference to an array
12348 =item A reference to a hash
12350 =item Dumping a large array or hash
12352 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
12354 =item A reference to a subroutine
12368 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
12378 =head2 Digest - Modules that calculate message digests
12386 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
12390 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
12391 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset,
12392 $ctx->add( $data, ... ), $ctx->addfile( $io_handle ), $ctx->add_bits(
12393 $data, $nbits ), $ctx->add_bits( $bitstring ), $ctx->digest,
12394 $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
12404 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
12414 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
12418 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...),
12419 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->add_bits($data, $nbits),
12420 $md5->add_bits($bitstring), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
12432 =head2 Digest::base - Digest base class
12444 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
12456 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
12468 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
12469 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
12470 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
12475 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
12476 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
12482 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
12490 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
12491 @dl_modules, @dl_shared_objects, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(),
12492 dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(),
12493 dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(),
12494 dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()
12500 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
12511 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
12513 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
12517 =item Order of initialization: early load()
12521 =item The most hairy case
12531 =head2 Encode - character encodings
12539 =item Table of Contents
12551 =item PERL ENCODING API
12553 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
12554 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
12555 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
12560 =item Listing available encodings
12562 =item Defining Aliases
12566 =item Encoding via PerlIO
12568 =item Handling Malformed Data
12570 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
12571 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
12572 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
12573 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
12578 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
12582 =item Defining Encodings
12584 =item The UTF-8 flag
12586 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
12590 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
12592 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
12602 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
12610 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
12615 =item Alias overloading
12623 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
12637 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
12639 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
12655 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
12657 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
12659 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
12673 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
12683 =item Methods you should implement
12685 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
12686 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
12688 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
12690 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
12692 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
12696 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
12700 =item Compiled Encodings
12706 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
12710 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
12720 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
12721 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
12722 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
12732 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
12742 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
12750 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
12752 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
12754 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
12768 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
12770 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
12786 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
12792 =item How does it work?
12794 =item Line Buffering
12798 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
12806 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
12814 =item Encoding Names
12818 =item Supported Encodings
12822 =item Built-in Encodings
12824 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
12826 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
12828 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
12829 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
12831 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
12833 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
12834 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
12835 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
12837 =item Miscellaneous encodings
12839 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
12843 =item Unsupported encodings
12845 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
12846 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
12847 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
12848 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
12850 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
12852 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
12856 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
12858 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
12864 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
12865 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
12872 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
12873 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
12877 =item Other Notable Sites
12879 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
12880 "Introduction to i18n"
12882 =item Offline sources
12884 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
12890 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
12904 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
12920 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
12928 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
12930 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
12936 =item by endianness
12938 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
12942 =item Surrogate Pairs
12948 =head2 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding
12962 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
12971 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
12976 =item Alias overloading
12984 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
12985 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
12987 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
12990 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
12993 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
12994 Implementation Base Class
13004 =item Methods you should implement
13006 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
13007 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
13009 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
13011 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
13013 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
13017 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
13021 =item Compiled Encodings
13027 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
13031 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
13042 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
13043 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
13044 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
13054 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
13055 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
13057 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
13060 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
13063 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
13064 and 'Q' header encoding
13080 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
13081 on Encode and PerlIO
13087 =item How does it work?
13089 =item Line Buffering
13093 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
13101 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
13102 supported by Encode
13110 =item Encoding Names
13114 =item Supported Encodings
13118 =item Built-in Encodings
13120 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
13122 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
13124 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
13125 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
13127 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
13129 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
13130 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
13131 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
13133 =item Miscellaneous encodings
13135 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
13139 =item Unsupported encodings
13141 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
13142 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
13143 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
13144 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
13146 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
13148 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
13152 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
13154 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
13160 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
13161 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
13168 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
13169 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
13173 =item Other Notable Sites
13175 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
13176 "Introduction to i18n"
13178 =item Offline sources
13180 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
13186 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7
13201 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
13213 =item Predefined Methods
13215 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
13216 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
13217 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
13219 =item Example: base64 transcoder
13221 =item Operator Overloading
13229 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
13230 non-ascii or non-utf8
13240 =item Literal Conversions
13242 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
13244 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
13248 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
13250 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
13254 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
13255 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
13257 =item The Filter Option
13261 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
13271 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
13273 =item tr/// with ranges
13275 Legend of characters above
13279 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
13281 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
13283 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
13291 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
13303 =item Predefined Methods
13305 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
13306 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
13307 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
13309 =item Example: base64 transcoder
13311 =item Operator Overloading
13319 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
13332 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
13347 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
13363 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
13373 =item How to Export
13375 =item Selecting What To Export
13377 =item How to Import
13379 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
13383 =item Advanced features
13387 =item Specialised Import Lists
13389 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
13391 =item Exporting without inheriting from Exporter
13393 =item Module Version Checking
13395 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
13397 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
13399 =item Generating combined tags
13401 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
13407 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
13417 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
13438 mv source... destination
13440 cp source... destination
13460 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
13474 B<warn_if_old_packlist>
13476 B<perllocal_install>
13480 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
13490 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
13498 perl_stringify NAME
13502 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
13504 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
13508 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
13516 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
13519 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
13521 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
13523 WriteMakefileSnippet
13525 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
13526 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
13534 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
13546 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
13547 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
13557 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
13575 B<install_default> I<DISCOURAGED>
13587 B<PERL_INSTALL_ROOT>
13595 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
13607 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
13608 packlist(), version()
13616 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
13624 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
13625 dynamic extensions at load time
13631 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
13641 =item VMS implementation
13643 =item Win32 implementation
13651 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
13661 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods
13669 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
13677 blibdirs_target (o)
13681 =item File::Spec wrappers
13689 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
13705 makemakerdflt_target
13725 metafile_addtomanifest_target
13727 signature_addtomanifest_target
13731 =item Abstract methods
13733 oneliner, B<quote_literal>, B<escape_newlines>, max_exec_len,
13734 B<init_others>, init_DIRFILESEP, init_linker, init_platform,
13747 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13748 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13762 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13763 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13777 replace_manpage_separator (o)
13781 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13791 =item Overridden methods
13799 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13809 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13810 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13832 init_platform, platform_constants
13838 special_targets (o)
13848 clean_subdirs_target
13852 realclean_subdirs_target
13860 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13861 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13873 init_platform (o), platform_constants
13881 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13882 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13900 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13910 =item Overridden methods
13918 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13928 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13954 clean_subdirs_target
13966 dir_target B<DEPRECATED>
14016 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
14046 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
14090 post_initialize (o)
14104 realclean_subdirs_target
14106 replace_manpage_separator
14128 test_via_harness (override)
14130 test_via_script (override)
14154 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
14155 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
14165 =item Methods always loaded
14177 guess_name (override)
14181 find_perl (override)
14183 maybe_command (override)
14185 perl_script (override)
14187 replace_manpage_separator
14193 init_main (override)
14195 init_others (override)
14197 init_platform (override)
14201 init_VERSION (override)
14203 constants (override)
14209 const_cccmd (override)
14211 tool_sxubpp (override)
14213 tools_other (override)
14215 init_dist (override)
14225 dynamic_lib (override)
14227 dynamic_bs (override)
14229 static_lib (override)
14231 processPL (override)
14233 installbin (override)
14235 subdir_x (override)
14239 clean_subdirs_target
14241 realclean (override)
14243 zipfile_target (o), tarfile_target (o), shdist_target (o)
14245 dist_test (override)
14249 perldepend (override)
14251 makefile (override)
14253 find_tests (override)
14257 makeaperl (override)
14259 nicetext (override)
14261 prefixify (override)
14281 blibdirs_target (override)
14283 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
14284 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
14296 =item Overridden methods
14302 replace_manpage_separator
14312 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
14314 special_targets (o)
14336 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
14346 =item Overriden methods
14362 clean_subdirs_target
14364 realclean_subdirs_target
14376 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
14386 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
14396 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
14398 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
14406 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
14410 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
14412 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
14414 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
14416 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
14418 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
14419 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
14420 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN,
14421 FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB,
14422 INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
14423 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB,
14424 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH,
14425 INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR,
14426 INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
14427 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS,
14428 LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
14429 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT,
14430 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
14431 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW,
14432 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
14433 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
14434 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SIGN, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST,
14435 VERSION, VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
14437 =item Additional lowercase attributes
14439 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean,
14440 test, tool_autosplit
14442 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
14444 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
14446 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
14448 =item Hintsfile support
14450 =item Distribution Support
14452 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
14453 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
14454 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
14456 =item Module Meta-Data
14458 =item Disabling an extension
14460 =item Other Handy Functions
14468 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
14478 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About
14487 =item Module Installation
14489 How do I keep from installing man pages?, How do I use a module without
14492 =item Philosophy and History
14494 Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What is
14495 Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no
14496 shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft
14498 =item Module Writing
14500 How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's
14501 this F<META.yml> thing and how did it get in my F<MANIFEST>?!
14505 How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter
14506 Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same
14519 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker
14533 Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP,
14542 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version-agnostic bytes.pm
14552 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
14562 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
14600 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
14604 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
14612 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
14613 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
14617 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
14625 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
14637 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
14647 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
14656 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
14664 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
14676 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
14684 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
14694 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
14706 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
14716 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
14720 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
14728 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
14732 C<basename>, C<dirname>
14736 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
14750 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
14764 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
14774 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
14776 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
14788 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
14798 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
14810 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
14818 B<find>, B<finddepth>
14824 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
14825 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
14826 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
14828 =item The wanted function
14830 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
14831 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
14832 pathname to the file
14840 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
14844 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
14850 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
14858 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
14859 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
14860 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
14864 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
14872 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
14886 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
14896 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
14897 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
14898 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
14906 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
14918 file_name_is_absolute
14922 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
14942 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
14960 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
14988 file_name_is_absolute
15010 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
15022 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
15055 file_name_is_absolute
15077 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
15093 =item Methods always loaded
15095 canonpath (override)
15113 case_tolerant (override)
15117 file_name_is_absolute (override)
15119 splitpath (override)
15121 splitdir (override)
15135 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
15161 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
15171 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
15207 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
15221 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
15231 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
15239 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
15251 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
15253 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
15265 =item Temporary files and NFS
15277 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
15293 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
15301 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
15311 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
15319 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
15325 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
15339 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
15341 =item All-in-one interface
15343 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
15345 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
15348 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
15350 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
15351 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
15352 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
15354 described in the previous section.
15356 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
15358 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
15370 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
15380 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
15384 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
15386 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
15394 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
15396 =item Example 2: Using the context
15398 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
15400 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
15404 =item Filter::Simple
15412 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
15420 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
15432 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
15448 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
15456 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
15458 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
15462 =item Simple options
15464 =item A little bit less simple options
15466 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
15468 =item Options with values
15470 =item Options with multiple values
15472 =item Options with hash values
15474 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
15476 =item Options with multiple names
15478 =item Case and abbreviations
15480 =item Summary of Option Specifications
15482 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
15487 =item Advanced Possibilities
15491 =item Object oriented interface
15493 =item Thread Safety
15495 =item Documentation and help texts
15497 =item Storing options in a hash
15501 =item The lonesome dash
15503 =item Argument callback
15507 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
15509 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
15510 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
15511 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
15512 (default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help
15513 (default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
15514 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
15516 =item Exportable Methods
15518 VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage
15520 =item Return values and Errors
15526 =item Default destinations
15528 =item Alternative option starters
15530 =item Configuration variables
15534 =item Trouble Shooting
15538 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
15541 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
15543 =item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called
15545 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
15551 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15555 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt, getopts - Process single-character switches
15556 with switch clustering
15564 =item C<--help> and C<--version>
15568 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
15578 =item Restricted hashes
15580 lock_keys, unlock_keys
15586 lock_value, unlock_value
15588 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
15602 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
15613 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
15624 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
15626 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
15628 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
15630 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
15632 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
15634 the function super_languages($lang1)
15636 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
15638 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
15640 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
15642 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
15646 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
15648 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
15658 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
15666 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
15668 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
15670 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} :
15671 Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} :
15672 Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian,
15673 {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)],
15674 {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic,
15675 {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy}
15676 : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} :
15677 Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} :
15678 Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae}
15679 : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} :
15680 Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai}
15681 : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} :
15682 Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} :
15683 Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber
15684 (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini,
15685 {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} :
15686 Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} :
15687 Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian
15688 (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central
15689 American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages],
15690 {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb}
15691 : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} :
15692 Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} :
15693 Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree,
15694 {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf}
15695 : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based
15696 Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} :
15697 Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} :
15698 Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru)
15699 Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri,
15700 {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch,
15701 {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi}
15702 : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} :
15703 English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
15704 (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} :
15705 Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat}
15706 : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} :
15707 Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French
15708 (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} :
15709 Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan,
15710 {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian,
15711 {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High
15712 German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon}
15713 : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient
15714 Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} :
15715 Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
15716 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
15717 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
15718 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo,
15719 {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European
15720 (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua
15721 (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} :
15722 Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} :
15723 Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian
15724 languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} :
15725 Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle,
15726 {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
15727 Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar}
15728 : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh,
15729 {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese,
15730 {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz,
15731 {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} :
15732 Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama,
15733 {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} :
15734 Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} :
15735 Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} :
15736 Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban
15737 (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui}
15738 : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai,
15739 {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili,
15740 {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} :
15741 Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} :
15742 Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} :
15743 Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai,
15744 [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} :
15745 Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} :
15746 Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)],
15747 {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple
15748 languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan,
15749 {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele,
15750 {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
15751 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
15752 {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} :
15753 Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} :
15754 Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi}
15755 : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} :
15756 Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
15757 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
15758 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
15759 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
15760 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
15761 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
15762 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
15763 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
15764 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
15765 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
15766 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} :
15767 Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami,
15768 [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} :
15769 Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak,
15770 {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian,
15771 {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign
15772 Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} :
15773 Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave
15774 (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian,
15775 {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} :
15776 Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} :
15777 South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} :
15778 Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati,
15779 {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} :
15780 Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao,
15781 {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} :
15782 Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} :
15783 Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau,
15784 {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian,
15785 {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} :
15786 Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh}
15787 : Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} :
15788 Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian,
15789 {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} :
15790 Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak}
15791 : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was}
15792 : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private
15793 Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} :
15794 Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd}
15795 : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu,
15800 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15806 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
15824 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15828 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
15840 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
15848 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
15849 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
15859 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
15869 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
15873 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
15881 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
15891 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
15895 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
15896 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
15897 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
15898 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
15910 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
15920 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
15924 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
15934 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
15944 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
15945 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
15955 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
15963 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
15964 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
15973 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
15983 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
15987 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
15988 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
15989 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
15999 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
16013 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
16014 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
16024 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
16040 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
16053 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
16067 hostpath(), peerpath()
16077 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
16086 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
16087 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
16097 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
16107 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
16111 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
16119 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
16130 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
16134 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
16135 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
16136 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
16137 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
16149 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
16159 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
16163 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
16173 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
16183 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
16184 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
16194 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
16203 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
16204 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
16213 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
16224 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
16228 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
16229 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
16230 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
16240 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
16255 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
16256 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
16266 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
16267 AF_INET domain sockets
16283 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
16296 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
16297 AF_UNIX domain sockets
16311 hostpath(), peerpath()
16321 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
16331 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
16332 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
16343 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
16357 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
16370 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
16380 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
16381 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
16382 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
16393 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
16411 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
16421 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
16422 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
16433 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
16444 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
16445 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
16446 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
16457 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
16465 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
16466 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
16470 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
16476 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
16477 general-utility list subroutines
16485 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
16486 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
16490 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
16496 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
16497 general-utility scalar subroutines
16505 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
16506 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
16507 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
16517 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
16525 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16529 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
16537 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
16545 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
16547 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16549 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
16550 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
16552 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16554 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
16556 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
16562 =item rename_country
16570 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16574 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
16575 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
16576 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
16577 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
16585 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
16586 identification (ISO 4217)
16596 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16598 code2currency(), currency2code()
16600 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16602 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
16606 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16610 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
16611 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
16619 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
16628 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16630 code2language(), language2code()
16632 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16634 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
16638 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16642 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
16643 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
16651 =head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization
16659 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
16665 =item Construction Methods
16667 =item The "maketext" Method
16669 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
16671 =item Utility Methods
16673 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
16674 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
16675 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
16676 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
16678 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
16682 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
16684 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
16686 =item BRACKET NOTATION
16688 =item AUTO LEXICONS
16690 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
16692 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
16696 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
16702 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
16710 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
16714 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
16716 =item The Linguistic View
16718 =item Breaking gettext
16720 =item Replacing gettext
16722 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
16724 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
16726 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
16728 =item Buzzword: Concision
16730 =item The Devil in the Details
16732 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
16740 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
16748 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
16752 =item SPECIAL CODES
16756 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16758 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
16759 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
16761 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16763 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
16767 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16771 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
16772 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
16780 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
16788 encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str)
16792 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
16802 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
16803 of quoted-printable strings
16811 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
16819 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
16828 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
16836 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
16846 =item Canonical notation
16850 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
16852 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
16856 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
16857 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
16865 =item Autocreating constants
16871 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
16879 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
16889 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
16921 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
16923 =item is_pos()/is_neg()
16925 $x->is_pos(); # true if >= 0
16926 $x->is_neg(); # true if < 0
16928 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
17014 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
17024 =item Rounding mode R
17026 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
17027 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
17028 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
17041 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
17049 =item Autocreating constants
17055 =item Alternative math libraries
17061 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
17069 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
17075 broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior
17080 bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling,
17081 Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types,
17092 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
17104 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
17108 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
17110 the same terms as Perl itself.
17118 =head2 Math::BigInt::CalcEmu - Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
17130 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
17132 the same terms as Perl itself.
17140 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rational numbers
17162 =item denominator()
17164 $d = $x->denominator();
17174 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
17182 =item is_positive()
17184 =item is_negative()
17208 inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented
17209 except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer, bmod(),
17210 blog(), bmodinv() and bmodpow() (partial)
17220 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
17233 =item STRINGIFICATION
17237 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
17243 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
17245 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
17253 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
17261 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
17267 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
17269 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
17273 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
17275 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
17279 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
17281 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
17283 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
17284 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
17288 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
17294 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
17304 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
17322 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
17324 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
17328 =item OTHER FACILITIES
17334 =item C<flush_cache>
17340 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
17342 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
17350 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17356 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
17365 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
17376 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
17388 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
17396 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
17404 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
17413 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
17422 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
17430 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
17438 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17444 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17448 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17452 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
17463 =item Enforcing redispatch
17465 =item Avoiding repetitions
17467 =item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call
17469 =item Using C<EVERY> methods
17475 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
17481 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
17491 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
17494 =item CLASS METHODS
17496 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
17497 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
17498 ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
17508 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
17518 requires_firewall HOST
17520 =item NetConfig VALUES
17522 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
17523 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
17524 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
17528 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
17537 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
17545 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
17557 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
17561 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
17562 site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
17563 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [,
17564 RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), alloc ( SIZE [,
17565 RECORD_SIZE] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]]
17566 ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [,
17567 REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (),
17568 mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash (
17569 [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [
17570 DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port (
17571 [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
17572 pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait (
17573 NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
17577 =item Methods for the adventurous
17583 =item THE dataconn CLASS
17585 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
17586 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
17588 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
17590 B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
17592 =item REPORTING BUGS
17600 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/
17608 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
17618 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
17622 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
17623 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
17624 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
17625 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
17626 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
17627 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
17628 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
17632 =item Extension methods
17634 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
17635 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
17636 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
17637 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
17646 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
17656 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
17666 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
17670 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
17671 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
17672 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
17673 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
17685 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
17697 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos
17698 ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );,
17699 $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );,
17700 $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack(
17701 [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host
17718 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
17730 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
17734 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
17735 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
17736 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
17737 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
17738 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
17739 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
17752 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
17760 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
17761 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
17769 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
17786 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
17794 =item Where to get this document
17796 =item How to contribute to this document
17800 =item Author and Copyright Information
17808 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
17812 =item What is libnet ?
17814 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
17816 =item What other modules do I need ?
17818 =item What machines support libnet ?
17820 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
17824 =item Using Net::FTP
17828 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
17830 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
17832 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
17834 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
17837 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
17839 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
17841 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
17843 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
17845 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
17847 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
17850 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
17852 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
17855 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
17858 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
17862 =item Using Net::SMTP
17866 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
17869 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
17871 =item The verify method always returns true ?
17875 =item Debugging scripts
17879 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
17883 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
17887 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
17904 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
17919 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
17936 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
17944 =item THE .netrc FILE
17946 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
17951 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
17955 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
17965 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
17975 =item IMPLEMENTATION
17983 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
17991 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17997 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
18001 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
18005 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
18017 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
18019 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
18020 or optag, an operator set (opset)
18022 =item Opcode Functions
18024 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
18025 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
18026 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
18029 =item Manipulating Opsets
18031 =item TO DO (maybe)
18037 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
18039 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
18040 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
18041 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
18050 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
18059 a new namespace, an operator mask
18065 =item RECENT CHANGES
18067 =item Methods in class Safe
18069 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
18070 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
18071 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
18072 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
18074 =item Some Safety Issues
18076 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
18084 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
18097 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
18111 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
18112 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
18113 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
18114 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
18115 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
18116 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
18117 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
18118 fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
18119 geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid,
18120 getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha,
18121 isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace,
18122 isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime,
18123 log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
18124 memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice,
18125 offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
18126 putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
18127 rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
18128 setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
18129 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
18130 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
18131 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
18132 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
18133 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
18134 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
18135 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
18142 =item POSIX::SigAction
18144 new, handler, mask, flags, safe
18146 =item POSIX::SigSet
18148 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
18150 =item POSIX::Termios
18152 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
18153 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
18154 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
18155 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
18156 values, c_oflag field values
18160 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
18164 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
18168 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
18222 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
18223 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
18227 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
18236 :unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :mmap, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop, :win32
18240 =item Custom Layers
18244 =item Alternatives to raw
18246 =item Defaults and how to override them
18248 =item Querying the layers of filehandles
18258 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
18270 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO
18278 =item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE
18282 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
18290 =item EXPECTED METHODS
18292 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
18293 $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]),
18294 $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]),
18295 $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh),
18296 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
18297 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
18298 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
18299 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
18305 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
18311 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
18319 =item REQUIRED MODULES
18323 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
18329 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
18335 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
18341 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
18353 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
18354 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
18355 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
18356 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
18357 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
18358 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
18359 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
18360 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
18365 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
18366 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
18367 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
18368 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
18369 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
18370 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI<n> without preceding higher
18375 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
18376 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
18388 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
18390 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
18393 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
18395 C<$checker-E<gt>num_warnings()>
18397 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
18399 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
18401 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
18403 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
18411 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
18423 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
18425 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
18432 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
18438 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
18440 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
18447 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
18459 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
18469 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, hiddendirs, htmldir,
18470 htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot,
18471 quiet, recurse, title, verbose
18485 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
18498 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
18499 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
18505 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
18529 =item B<was_cutting()>
18535 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
18541 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
18547 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
18553 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
18559 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18565 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
18571 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
18577 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
18583 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
18589 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
18595 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
18601 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
18607 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
18613 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
18619 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
18625 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18631 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
18637 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
18643 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
18649 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
18655 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
18661 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
18667 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
18673 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
18679 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
18685 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
18691 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
18697 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18703 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
18715 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
18727 =item OBJECT METHODS
18735 =item Data Accessors
18751 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
18753 B<StartWithNewPage>
18767 =item Subclassed methods
18781 B<interior_sequence>
18797 =item Methods for headings
18805 =item Internal methods
18811 B<_replace_special_chars>
18813 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
18819 B<_clean_latex_commands>
18821 B<_split_delimited>
18837 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
18845 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
18850 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
18851 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
18852 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
18863 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18867 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
18879 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18883 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
18897 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
18905 $list-E<gt>indent()
18913 $list-E<gt>parent()
18919 =item Pod::Hyperlink
18921 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
18925 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
18927 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
18931 $link-E<gt>warning()
18933 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
18939 $link-E<gt>alttext()
18949 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
18955 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
18959 =item Pod::Cache::Item
18961 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
18965 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
18967 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
18969 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
18971 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
18973 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
18975 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
18977 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
18987 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
18999 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
19001 =item PARSING OPTIONS
19003 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
19004 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
19010 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
19018 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
19024 =item B<verbatim()>
19026 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
19032 =item B<textblock()>
19034 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
19040 =item B<interior_sequence()>
19046 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
19058 =item B<initialize()>
19064 =item B<begin_pod()>
19070 =item B<begin_input()>
19076 =item B<end_input()>
19088 =item B<preprocess_line()>
19094 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
19100 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
19106 =item B<parse_text()>
19108 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
19109 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
19110 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
19116 =item B<interpolate()>
19122 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
19128 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
19134 =item B<parse_from_file()>
19140 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
19146 =item B<errorsub()>
19158 =item B<parseopts()>
19164 =item B<output_file()>
19170 =item B<output_handle()>
19176 =item B<input_file()>
19182 =item B<input_handle()>
19188 =item B<input_streams()>
19194 =item B<top_stream()>
19200 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
19206 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
19212 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
19218 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
19226 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors
19236 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19242 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
19254 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19260 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
19272 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19278 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
19288 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19294 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
19304 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19310 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
19322 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19328 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
19342 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML
19352 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19358 =head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
19366 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
19370 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
19371 Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
19383 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
19403 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
19416 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
19418 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
19424 =item OBJECT METHODS
19430 =item B<curr_headings()>
19442 =item B<add_selection()>
19448 =item B<clear_selections()>
19454 =item B<match_section()>
19460 =item B<is_selected()>
19466 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
19472 =item B<podselect()>
19474 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
19480 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
19486 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
19492 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
19498 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
19510 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
19518 alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width
19522 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
19523 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
19524 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
19535 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19539 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
19553 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19557 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
19572 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19576 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
19591 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19595 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
19604 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
19613 =item Recommended Use
19621 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
19625 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
19633 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
19639 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
19643 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
19647 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
19655 a new namespace, an operator mask
19661 =item RECENT CHANGES
19663 =item Methods in class Safe
19665 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
19666 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
19667 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
19668 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
19670 =item Some Safety Issues
19672 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
19680 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
19688 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
19689 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
19690 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
19700 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
19710 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
19720 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
19730 =item The __DATA__ token
19732 =item SelfLoader autoloading
19734 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
19736 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
19738 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
19740 =item Classes and inherited methods.
19744 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
19748 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
19758 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
19766 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
19767 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
19775 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
19776 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
19777 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
19778 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
19779 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
19783 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
19793 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
19797 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
19799 =item CODE REFERENCES
19801 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
19803 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
19805 =item ERROR REPORTING
19813 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
19818 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
19819 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
19827 =item Storable magic
19837 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
19849 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
19863 =item Allowing fall-through
19865 =item Automating fall-through
19867 =item Alternative syntax
19869 =item Higher-order Operations
19885 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
19897 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
19909 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
19910 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19918 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19919 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19920 in 5.004_02), closelog
19930 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
19931 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19939 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19940 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19941 in 5.004_02), closelog
19951 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
19961 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
19962 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
19963 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
19967 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
19977 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19981 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
19997 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
19999 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
20001 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
20003 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
20011 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
20019 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
20027 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
20037 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
20038 If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
20046 =item Minimal set of supported functions
20048 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, C<OUT>, C<MinLine>,
20049 C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
20051 =item Additional supported functions
20053 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
20063 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
20071 =item QUICK START GUIDE
20077 C<plan(...)>, C<tests =E<gt> I<number>>, C<todo =E<gt> [I<1,5,14>]>,
20078 C<onfail =E<gt> sub { ... }>, C<onfail =E<gt> \&some_sub>
20088 C<skip(I<skip_if_true>, I<args...>)>
20094 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
20098 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
20108 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
20128 =item Setting up tests
20146 =item Running tests
20152 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
20154 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
20180 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
20192 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
20196 =item Test Status and Info
20230 =head2 Test::Harness - Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
20246 =item The test script output
20248 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
20249 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
20254 =item Configuration variables.
20256 B<$Test::Harness::Verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
20260 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
20287 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
20288 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
20289 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
20290 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
20294 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
20295 C<HARNESS_DEBUG>, C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>,
20296 C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_OK_SLOW>, C<HARNESS_PERL>,
20297 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
20317 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
20343 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
20361 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
20399 =item C<analyze_fh>
20405 =item C<analyze_file>
20411 =item C<_command_line( $file )>
20429 =item C<_cleaned_switches>
20435 =item C<_INC2PERL5LIB>
20441 =item C<_filtered_INC>
20447 =item C<_restore_PERL5LIB>
20457 =item C<_is_comment>
20465 =item C<_is_header>
20477 =item C<_is_bail_out>
20483 =item C<_reset_file_state>
20493 =item C<_detailize>
20509 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
20519 =item I love it when a plan comes together
20529 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
20569 =item Conditional tests
20575 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
20577 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
20581 =item Comparison functions
20595 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
20605 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
20607 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
20620 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
20644 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
20653 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
20661 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
20663 =item Where to start?
20667 =item Test the manual
20669 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
20671 =item Testing lots of values
20673 =item Informative names
20675 =item Skipping tests
20679 =item Testing with taint mode.
20691 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
20703 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
20713 =item General behaviour in list contexts
20717 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
20719 =item A note about prefixes
20721 =item C<extract_delimited>
20723 =item C<extract_bracketed>
20725 =item C<extract_variable>
20729 =item C<extract_tagged>
20731 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
20732 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
20734 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
20736 =item C<extract_quotelike>
20738 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
20740 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
20742 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
20744 =item C<extract_codeblock>
20746 =item C<extract_multiple>
20748 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
20754 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
20755 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
20756 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
20757 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
20758 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
20759 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
20760 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
20761 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
20762 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
20763 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
20764 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
20765 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
20770 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
20776 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
20791 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
20808 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
20823 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
20839 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
20851 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
20852 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
20853 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
20857 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
20865 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
20873 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20875 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
20881 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
20889 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20891 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
20895 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
20910 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
20920 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
20928 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
20929 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
20930 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
20931 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
20939 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
20959 =item Option Format
20963 =item Public Methods
20971 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
20977 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
20979 =item Deferred Writing
20983 =item Autodeferring
20987 =item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES
20993 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
21007 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
21016 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
21017 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
21018 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
21019 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
21021 =item MORE INFORMATION
21023 =item COMPATIBILITY
21027 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
21036 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
21037 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR
21040 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
21042 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
21044 =item C<SCALAR>, C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
21046 =item MORE INFORMATION
21050 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
21058 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
21068 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
21086 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
21095 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
21097 =item MORE INFORMATION
21101 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
21113 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
21122 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
21123 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
21124 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer (
21125 $which, $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer (
21136 =item negative time not invented yet
21138 =item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...)
21146 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21150 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
21160 =item Ambiguous Local Times (DST)
21162 =item Negative Epoch Values
21166 =item IMPLEMENTATION
21176 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
21191 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
21206 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
21218 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
21226 C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<isa( VAL, TYPE )>,
21227 C<TYPE>, C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, C<VAL>, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<<
21228 CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>, C<can( VAL, METHOD )>, C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )>
21234 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
21244 =item Constructor and Tailoring
21246 UCA_Version, backwards, entry, hangul_terminator, ignoreName, ignoreChar,
21247 level, normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange,
21248 table, undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower,
21249 variable, alternate
21251 =item Methods for Collation
21253 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
21254 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
21255 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
21256 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
21257 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
21258 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
21259 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>
21261 =item Methods for Searching
21263 C<$position = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[, $position])>,
21264 C<($position, $length) = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[,
21265 $position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>,
21266 C<($match) = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>, C<@match =
21267 $Collator-E<gt>gmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count =
21268 $Collator-E<gt>subst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count =
21269 $Collator-E<gt>gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>
21271 =item Other Methods
21273 C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-E<gt>change(%new_tailoring)>, C<$version =
21274 $Collator-E<gt>version()>, C<UCA_Version()>, C<Base_Unicode_Version()>
21280 =item Conformance Test
21288 Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Collation
21289 Element Table (DUCET), The conformance test for the UCA, Hangul Syllable
21290 Type, Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15, L<Unicode::Normalize>
21294 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
21304 =item Normalization Forms
21306 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
21307 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
21308 C<$FCD_string = FCD($string)>, C<$FCC_string = FCC($string)>,
21309 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
21311 =item Decomposition and Composition
21313 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
21314 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
21315 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
21319 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
21320 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
21321 checkFCD($string)>, C<$result = checkFCC($string)>, C<$result =
21322 check($form_name, $string)>
21324 =item Character Data
21326 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
21327 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
21328 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
21329 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
21330 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
21331 C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
21332 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
21342 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/,
21343 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt,
21344 http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5/
21348 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
21390 =item Blocks versus Scripts
21392 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
21394 =item Code Point Arguments
21420 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
21426 =item Implementation Note
21438 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
21453 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
21464 =item System Specifics
21478 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
21486 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
21488 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
21489 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
21490 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
21491 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
21492 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFolderPath(FOLDER [,
21493 CREATE]), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetLastError(),
21494 Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(),
21495 Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
21496 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
21497 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
21498 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
21499 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
21500 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
21501 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
21502 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
21503 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
21504 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
21505 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
21511 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
21521 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
21523 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
21527 =item Order of initialization: early load()
21531 =item The most hairy case
21541 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
21543 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
21544 don't all have manual pages yet:
21578 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob