4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
240 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST,
365 open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR
366 : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
367 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
368 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
369 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
370 qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
371 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
372 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
373 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
374 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
375 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
376 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
377 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
378 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
379 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
380 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
381 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
382 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
383 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
384 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
385 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
386 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
387 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
388 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
389 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
390 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
391 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
392 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
393 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
394 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
395 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
396 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
397 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
398 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
399 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
400 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
401 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
402 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
403 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
404 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
410 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
416 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
424 =item Making References
426 =item Using References
444 =item Distribution Conditions
450 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
456 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
457 more elaborate constructs
461 =item COMMON MISTAKES
463 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
465 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
471 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
475 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
477 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
479 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
483 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
487 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
489 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
491 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
495 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
499 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
501 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
503 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
507 =item HASHES OF HASHES
511 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
513 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
515 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
519 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
523 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
525 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
527 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
539 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
549 =item Simple word matching
551 =item Using character classes
553 =item Matching this or that
555 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
557 =item Extracting matches
559 =item Matching repetitions
563 =item Search and replace
565 =item The split operator
573 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
577 =item Acknowledgments
583 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
591 =item Verbatim Paragraph
593 =item Command Paragraph
595 =item Ordinary Block of Text
599 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
601 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
611 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
619 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
637 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
639 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
640 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
641 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
642 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
644 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
646 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
647 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
648 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
652 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
654 =item Numerical Traps
656 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
658 =item General data type traps
660 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
661 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
663 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
665 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
667 =item Precedence Traps
669 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
672 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
674 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
675 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
678 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
680 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
686 =item Interpolation Traps
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
689 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
695 =item Unclassified Traps
697 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
704 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
714 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
716 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
718 =item Location of Perl
720 =item Command Switches
722 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
723 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
724 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
725 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
726 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
727 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
734 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
735 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
736 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
740 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
748 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
756 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
758 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
760 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
764 =item Backward Compatibility
766 =item Category Hierarchy
770 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
782 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
790 =item Looking at data and -w and w
794 =item Stepping through code
796 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
798 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
816 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
822 =item The Perl Debugger
826 =item Debugger Commands
828 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
829 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
830 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
831 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
832 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
833 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
834 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
835 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
836 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
838 =item Configurable Options
840 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
841 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
842 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
843 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
844 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
845 C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
847 =item Debugger input/output
849 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
852 =item Debugging compile-time statements
854 =item Debugger Customization
856 =item Readline Support
858 =item Editor Support for Debugging
860 =item The Perl Profiler
864 =item Debugging regular expressions
866 =item Debugging memory usage
874 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
882 =item Predefined Names
884 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
885 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
886 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
887 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
888 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
889 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
890 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
891 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
892 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
893 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
894 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
895 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
896 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
897 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
898 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
899 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
900 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
901 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
902 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
903 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
904 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
905 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
906 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
907 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
908 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
909 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
910 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
911 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_,
912 %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
914 =item Error Indicators
916 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
924 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
932 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
934 =item Growing Your Own
936 =item Access and Printing
948 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
954 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
964 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
970 =item Open E<agrave> la C
974 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
978 =item Obscure Open Tricks
982 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
984 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
988 =item Single Argument Open
990 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
994 =item Other I/O Issues
998 =item Opening Non-File Files
1008 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1014 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1020 =item Part 1: The basics
1024 =item Simple word matching
1026 =item Using character classes
1028 =item Matching this or that
1030 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1032 =item Extracting matches
1034 =item Matching repetitions
1036 =item Building a regexp
1038 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1042 =item Part 2: Power tools
1046 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1048 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1050 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1052 =item Non-capturing groupings
1054 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1056 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1058 =item Conditional expressions
1060 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1062 =item Pragmas and debugging
1070 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1074 =item Acknowledgments
1080 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1090 =item Regular Expressions
1092 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1094 =item Extended Patterns
1096 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1097 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1098 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1099 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1103 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1105 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1107 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1109 =item Combining pieces together
1111 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1112 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1113 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1114 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1116 =item Creating custom RE engines
1126 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1136 =item Making References
1138 =item Using References
1140 =item Symbolic references
1142 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1144 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1146 =item Function Templates
1156 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1164 =item Format Variables
1174 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1182 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1190 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1192 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1194 =item Invoking a barnyard
1196 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1198 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1200 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1202 =item A few notes about @ISA
1204 =item Overriding the methods
1206 =item Starting the search from a different place
1208 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1210 =item Where we're at so far...
1212 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1214 =item Invoking an instance method
1216 =item Accessing the instance data
1218 =item How to build a horse
1220 =item Inheriting the constructor
1222 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1224 =item Adding parameters to a method
1226 =item More interesting instances
1228 =item A horse of a different color
1240 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1246 =item Creating a Class
1250 =item Object Representation
1252 =item Class Interface
1254 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1256 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1260 =item Other Object Methods
1268 =item Accessing Class Data
1270 =item Debugging Methods
1272 =item Class Destructors
1274 =item Documenting the Interface
1284 =item Overridden Methods
1286 =item Multiple Inheritance
1288 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1292 =item Alternate Object Representations
1296 =item Arrays as Objects
1298 =item Closures as Objects
1302 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1306 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1308 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1312 =item Metaclassical Tools
1318 =item Data Members as Variables
1326 =item Object Terminology
1332 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1338 =item Acknowledgments
1344 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1350 =item Class Data in a Can
1352 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1356 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1358 =item Inheritance Concerns
1360 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1362 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1364 =item Monadic Classes
1366 =item Translucent Attributes
1370 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1374 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1376 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1378 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1380 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1382 =item Translucency Revisited
1390 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1392 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1398 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1406 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1408 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1410 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1412 =item Method Invocation
1414 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1416 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1418 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1424 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1432 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1438 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1440 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1442 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1444 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1446 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1448 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1450 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1452 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1454 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1456 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1462 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1474 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1479 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1480 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1481 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1482 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1487 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1488 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1489 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1491 =item Tying FileHandles
1493 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1494 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1499 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1511 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1512 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1528 =item Using open() for IPC
1534 =item Background Processes
1536 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1538 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1540 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1542 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1546 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1550 =item Internet Line Terminators
1552 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1554 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1558 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1562 =item A Simple Client
1564 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1566 =item A Webget Client
1568 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1572 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1574 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1576 =item UDP: Message Passing
1590 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1600 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1602 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1603 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1604 files, directories and network sockets
1606 =item Resource limits
1608 =item Killing the parent process
1610 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1612 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1614 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1615 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1616 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1628 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1636 =item Storing numbers
1638 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1640 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1642 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1643 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1644 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1653 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1659 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1661 =item Threaded Program Models
1673 =item Native threads
1675 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1677 =item Threadsafe Modules
1683 =item Basic Thread Support
1685 =item Creating Threads
1687 =item Giving up control
1689 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1691 =item Errors In Threads
1693 =item Ignoring A Thread
1697 =item Threads And Data
1701 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1703 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1705 =item Controlling access: lock()
1707 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1709 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1713 =item Threads And Code
1717 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1719 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1721 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1723 =item Subroutine Locks
1727 =item Locking A Subroutine
1731 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1735 =item What Thread Am I In?
1739 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1741 =item What Threads Are Running?
1745 =item A Complete Example
1753 =item Introductory Texts
1755 =item OS-Related References
1757 =item Other References
1761 =item Acknowledgements
1769 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1775 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1784 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1786 =item Files and Filesystems
1788 =item System Interaction
1790 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1792 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1794 =item Standard Modules
1798 =item Character sets and character encoding
1800 =item Internationalisation
1802 =item System Resources
1812 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1813 http://testers.cpan.org/
1821 =item DOS and Derivatives
1829 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1837 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1841 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1843 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1844 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1845 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1846 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1847 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1848 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1849 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1850 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1851 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1852 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1853 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
1854 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
1855 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
1856 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
1857 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
1858 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1859 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1860 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1861 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1862 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1863 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1864 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1865 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1866 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1867 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1873 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
1874 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
1875 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
1876 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
1877 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
1878 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
1880 =item Supported Platforms
1884 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1890 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1897 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1903 =item The use locale pragma
1905 =item The setlocale function
1907 =item Finding locales
1909 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1911 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1913 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1915 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1917 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1919 =item The localeconv function
1921 =item I18N::Langinfo
1925 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1929 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1931 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1933 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1935 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1939 =item Other categories
1947 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1948 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1954 =item Backward compatibility
1956 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1958 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1960 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1962 =item Freely available locale definitions
1966 =item An imperfect standard
1974 =item Broken systems
1984 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
1992 =item Important Caveats
1994 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
1995 to enable a few features
1997 =item Byte and Character semantics
1999 =item Effects of character semantics
2005 =item Character encodings for input and output
2015 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2021 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2029 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2033 =item 13 variant characters
2041 =item Unicode and UTF
2045 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2047 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2049 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2063 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2065 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2067 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2069 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2077 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2079 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2081 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2083 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2087 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2091 =item URL decoding and encoding
2093 =item uu encoding and decoding
2095 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2097 =item Caesarian ciphers
2101 =item Hashing order and checksums
2105 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2117 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2137 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2145 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2147 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2149 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2153 =item Protecting Your Programs
2161 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2173 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2179 =item Making your module threadsafe
2187 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2193 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2197 =item Pragmatic Modules
2199 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2200 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2201 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings, warnings::register
2203 =item Standard Modules
2205 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2206 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2207 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2208 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2209 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2210 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2211 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2212 Dumpvalue, Encode, Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env,
2213 Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant,
2214 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2215 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
2216 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
2217 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
2218 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
2219 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
2220 File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2221 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2222 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2223 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate,
2224 I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
2225 Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language,
2226 Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2227 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize,
2228 Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile,
2229 Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File,
2230 Memoize::Saves, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config,
2231 Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping,
2232 Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
2233 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
2234 Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX,
2235 Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select,
2236 Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap,
2237 Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
2238 Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
2239 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Test::More,
2240 Test::Simple, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2241 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
2242 Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, Tie::Array,
2243 Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash,
2244 Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, UnicodeCD,
2245 User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2247 =item Extension Modules
2259 =item Central America
2271 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2275 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2277 Adding a Copyright Notice
2279 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2281 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2289 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2299 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2300 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2314 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2324 =item What should I make into a module?
2326 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2328 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2330 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2332 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2333 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2334 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2336 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2338 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2339 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2349 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2350 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2360 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2362 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2364 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2366 =item What is perl6?
2368 =item How stable is Perl?
2370 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2372 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2375 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2377 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2379 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2381 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2383 =item What is a JAPH?
2385 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2387 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2388 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2392 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2396 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2397 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2405 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2407 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2409 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2411 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2414 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2415 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2417 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2418 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2420 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2422 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2424 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2426 =item Where should I post source code?
2430 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2432 =item Perl in Magazines
2434 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2436 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2438 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2440 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2442 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2444 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2448 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2452 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2461 =item How do I do (anything)?
2463 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2465 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2467 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2469 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2471 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2473 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2475 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2477 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2479 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2480 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2481 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2483 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2485 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2487 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2489 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2491 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2493 =item What is undump?
2495 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2497 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2499 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2501 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2503 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2505 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2507 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2509 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2511 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2513 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2515 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2517 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2519 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2521 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2523 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2524 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2526 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2529 =item What's MakeMaker?
2533 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2537 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2548 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2549 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2551 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2553 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2556 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2558 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2560 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2562 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2564 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2566 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2574 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2576 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2578 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2580 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2582 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2584 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2586 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2594 =item How do I validate input?
2596 =item How do I unescape a string?
2598 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2600 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2602 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2604 =item How do I reverse a string?
2606 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2608 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2610 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2612 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2614 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2617 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2619 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2620 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2622 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2624 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2626 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2628 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2630 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2632 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2634 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2636 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2637 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2646 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2648 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2650 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2654 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
2657 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2658 intersection of two arrays?
2660 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2662 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2664 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2666 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2668 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2670 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2672 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2674 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2676 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2678 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2680 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2684 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2688 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2690 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2693 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2695 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2697 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2699 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2701 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2703 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2705 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2707 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2709 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2711 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2713 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2716 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2717 array of hashes or arrays?
2719 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2727 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2729 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2731 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2733 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2735 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2737 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2739 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2743 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2747 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2756 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2758 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2759 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2761 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2763 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2765 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2767 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2768 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2770 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2772 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2774 =item How can I write() into a string?
2776 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2778 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2780 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2782 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2784 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2786 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2788 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2790 =item How can I lock a file?
2792 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2794 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2795 the file. How can I do this?
2797 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
2798 file. Do I still have to use locking?
2800 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2802 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2804 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2806 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2808 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2810 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2812 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2814 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2816 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2818 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2820 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2822 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2823 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2825 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2827 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2828 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2830 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2832 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2836 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2840 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2848 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2849 and unmaintainable code?
2851 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2853 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2855 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2858 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2860 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2863 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2865 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2867 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2869 =item What is C</o> really for?
2871 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2874 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2876 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2878 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2880 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2882 =item How can I do approximate matching?
2884 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
2886 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
2888 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
2890 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
2892 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
2894 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
2896 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
2898 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
2902 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2906 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
2907 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
2915 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
2917 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
2920 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
2923 =item How do I skip some return values?
2925 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
2927 =item What's an extension?
2929 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
2931 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
2933 =item How do I create a module?
2935 =item How do I create a class?
2937 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
2939 =item What's a closure?
2941 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
2943 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
2946 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
2949 =item How do I create a static variable?
2951 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
2952 Between local() and my()?
2954 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
2957 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
2959 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
2961 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
2963 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
2965 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
2967 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
2969 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
2971 =item How can I find out my current package?
2973 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
2975 =item How do I clear a package?
2977 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
2981 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2985 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2994 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
2996 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
2998 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3000 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3002 =item How do I print something out in color?
3004 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3006 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3008 =item How do I clear the screen?
3010 =item How do I get the screen size?
3012 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3014 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3016 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3018 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3020 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3022 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3024 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3026 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3028 =item How do I set the time and date?
3030 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3032 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3034 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3036 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3037 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3039 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3041 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3043 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3045 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3047 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3049 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3051 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3053 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3055 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3057 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3060 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3062 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3064 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3066 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3069 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3070 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3071 changes to be visible?
3075 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3078 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3080 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3082 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3084 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3086 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3088 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3090 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3092 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3094 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3096 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3098 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3100 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3103 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3105 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3109 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3113 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3122 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3125 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3127 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3129 =item How do I extract URLs?
3131 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3132 file on another machine?
3134 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3136 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3138 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3140 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3142 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3144 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3146 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3148 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3149 CGI script to do bad things?
3151 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3153 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3155 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3157 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3159 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3161 =item How do I send mail?
3163 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3165 =item How do I read mail?
3167 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3169 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3171 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3173 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3177 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3181 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3191 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3195 =item Using The Back Ends
3199 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3203 =item The Decompiling Back End
3205 =item The Lint Back End
3207 =item The Simple C Back End
3209 =item The Bytecode Back End
3211 =item The Optimized C Back End
3213 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3214 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3215 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3219 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3225 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3235 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3236 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3240 =item Compiling your C program
3242 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3244 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3246 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3248 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3250 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3252 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3254 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3256 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3261 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3271 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3277 =item Debugger Internals
3281 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3285 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3287 =item Debugging regular expressions
3291 =item Compile-time output
3293 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3294 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3295 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3298 =item Types of nodes
3300 =item Run-time output
3304 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3308 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3310 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3311 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3314 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3316 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3318 =item B<-DL> details
3322 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3330 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3342 =item Version caveat
3344 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3356 =item What has gone on?
3358 =item Writing good test scripts
3362 =item What's new here?
3364 =item Input and Output Parameters
3366 =item The XSUBPP Program
3368 =item The TYPEMAP file
3370 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3374 =item What has happened here?
3376 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3378 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3380 =item More about XSUB arguments
3382 =item The Argument Stack
3384 =item Extending your Extension
3386 =item Documenting your Extension
3388 =item Installing your Extension
3392 =item New Things in this Example
3396 =item New Things in this Example
3398 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3400 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3402 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3404 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3420 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3432 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3434 =item The Argument Stack
3436 =item The RETVAL Variable
3438 =item The MODULE Keyword
3440 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3442 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3444 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3446 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3448 =item The CODE: Keyword
3450 =item The INIT: Keyword
3452 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3454 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3456 =item Default Parameter Values
3458 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3460 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3462 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3464 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3466 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3468 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3470 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3472 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3474 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3476 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3478 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3480 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3482 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3484 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3486 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3488 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3490 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3492 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3494 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3496 =item The CASE: Keyword
3498 =item The & Unary Operator
3500 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3502 =item Using XS With C++
3504 =item Interface Strategy
3506 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3520 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3530 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3532 =item File Operations
3534 =item File Input and Output
3536 =item File Positioning
3538 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3540 =item Character Class Tests
3542 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3544 =item Miscellaneous functions
3552 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3564 =item What is an "IV"?
3566 =item Working with SVs
3570 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3572 =item Working with AVs
3574 =item Working with HVs
3576 =item Hash API Extensions
3580 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3582 =item Creating New Variables
3584 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3586 =item Stashes and Globs
3588 =item Double-Typed SVs
3590 =item Magic Variables
3592 =item Assigning Magic
3594 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3598 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3600 =item Localizing changes
3602 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3603 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3604 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3605 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3606 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3607 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3608 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3609 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3610 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3611 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3619 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3621 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3623 =item Memory Allocation
3627 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3631 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3641 =item Examining the tree
3643 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3645 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3647 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3649 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3651 =item Pluggable runops
3655 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3657 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3661 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3663 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3665 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3667 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3669 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3673 =item Internal Functions
3675 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3679 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3681 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3683 =item Source Documentation
3687 =item Unicode Support
3691 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3693 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3695 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3697 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3699 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3701 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3711 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3717 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3719 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3721 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3741 =item Determining the Context
3745 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3751 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3753 =item Passing Parameters
3755 =item Returning a Scalar
3757 =item Returning a list of values
3759 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3761 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3765 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3769 =item Using call_argv
3771 =item Using call_method
3775 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3777 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3779 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3780 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3783 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3785 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3797 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3807 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3808 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3809 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3810 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3814 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3816 =item Administration
3818 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3822 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3823 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3831 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3841 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3843 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3845 B<Decryption Filters>
3847 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3849 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3851 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3863 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3871 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3872 B<filter_fetch_value>
3878 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3880 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3890 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3896 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
3897 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
3898 ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
3899 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK,
3900 dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
3901 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, getcwd_sv, get_av, get_cv, get_hv,
3902 get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, GvSV,
3903 gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv,
3904 gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID,
3905 HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force,
3906 HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
3907 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
3908 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store,
3909 hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
3910 isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items, ix, LEAVE, load_module,
3911 looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get,
3912 mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV,
3913 newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf,
3914 newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto,
3915 Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc,
3916 perl_clone, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run,
3917 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn,
3918 POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
3919 PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn,
3920 SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE,
3921 strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW,
3922 SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
3923 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK,
3924 SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK,
3925 SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV,
3926 SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen,
3927 SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen,
3928 SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT,
3929 SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC,
3930 SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH,
3931 SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE,
3932 SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK,
3933 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
3934 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
3935 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
3936 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
3937 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
3938 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec,
3939 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free,
3940 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
3941 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
3942 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
3943 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
3944 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset,
3945 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
3946 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
3947 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
3948 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
3949 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref,
3950 sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
3951 sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
3952 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER,
3953 toUPPER, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
3954 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
3955 uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN,
3956 XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV,
3957 XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV,
3958 XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
3966 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3973 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
3974 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena,
3975 sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
3983 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
3993 =item History and Background
3995 =item Layers vs Disciplines
3997 =item Data Structures
3999 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
4000 data for a particular handle
4002 =item Functions and Attributes
4004 =item Per-instance Data
4006 =item Layers in action.
4008 =item Per-instance flag bits
4010 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4011 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4012 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4013 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4015 =item Methods in Detail
4017 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4018 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4019 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
4020 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
4021 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
4022 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
4023 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4024 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4025 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4026 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
4027 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
4028 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
4029 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
4030 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4034 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4036 =item Extension Layers
4038 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4044 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4052 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4053 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4054 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4055 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4056 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4057 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4058 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4059 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4060 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4061 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4062 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4066 =item Co-existence with stdio
4068 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4069 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4071 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4073 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4074 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4075 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4076 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4078 =item Other Functions
4080 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4081 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4087 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4093 =item To do during 5.6.x
4097 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4099 =item Eliminate need for "use utf8";
4101 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4103 =item Autoload byte.pm
4105 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4107 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4109 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4111 =item Unicode case mappings
4113 =item Unicode regular expression character classes
4115 =item use Thread for iThreads
4117 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4119 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4121 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4123 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4125 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4127 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4129 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4131 =item Complete signal handling
4133 =item Out-of-source builds
4135 =item POSIX realtime support
4137 =item UNIX98 support
4141 =item Long double conversion
4145 =item Thread-safe regexes
4147 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4149 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4151 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4153 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4155 =item Custom opcodes
4157 =item spawnvp() on Win32
4159 =item DLL Versioning
4161 =item Introduce @( and @)
4163 =item Floating point handling
4165 =item IV/UV preservation
4167 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4169 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4171 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4173 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4175 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4177 =item Document Win32 choices
4179 =item Check new modules
4181 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4185 =item To do at some point
4189 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4191 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4193 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4195 =item bitfields in pack
4197 =item Cross compilation
4199 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4201 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4203 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4205 =item -i rename file when changed
4207 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4209 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4211 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4213 =item my sub foo { }
4215 =item One-pass global destruction
4217 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4219 =item Cache recently used regexps
4221 =item Re-entrant functions
4223 =item Cross-compilation support
4225 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4227 =item debugger pragma
4229 =item use less pragma
4231 =item switch structures
4233 =item Cache eval tree
4237 =item Shrink opcode tables
4239 =item Optimize away @_
4241 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4245 =item Prototype method calls
4247 =item Return context prototype declarations
4251 =item Garbage collection
4255 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4257 =item Rewrite perldoc
4259 =item Install .3p manpages
4261 =item Unicode tutorial
4263 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4265 =item Retargetable installation
4267 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4269 =item Rename Win32 headers
4271 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4273 =item Update sprintf documentation
4275 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4283 =item ref() in list context
4285 =item Make tr/// return histogram
4287 =item Compile to real threaded code
4289 =item Structured types
4291 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4293 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4297 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4299 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4303 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4305 =item Constant function cache
4307 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4315 =item Update guts documentation
4317 =item Add more tests
4319 =item Update auxiliary tools
4323 =item Recently done things
4327 =item Safe signal handling
4333 =item setitimer and getimiter
4335 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4337 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4339 =item Explicit switch statements
4347 =item perlcc to produce executable
4349 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4351 =item Secure temporary file module
4353 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4355 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4357 =item Mmap for input
4359 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4361 =item Add sockatmark support
4363 =item Mailing list archives
4367 =item Integrate MacPerl
4369 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4371 =item Regular expression tutorial
4373 =item Debugging Tutorial
4375 =item Integrate new modules
4377 =item Integrate profiler
4379 =item Y2K error detection
4381 =item Regular expression debugger
4385 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4387 =item Cache precompiled modules
4391 =item Deprecated Wishes
4395 =item Loop control on do{}
4397 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4403 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4405 =item Named prototypes
4407 =item Built-in globbing
4409 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4411 =item Cached hash values
4413 =item Add compression modules
4415 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4417 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4419 =item Make XS easier to use
4421 =item Make embedding easier to use
4425 =item my $Package::variable
4427 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4429 =item "class"-based lexicals
4433 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4435 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4441 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4447 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4448 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4449 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4450 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4451 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4452 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4453 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4457 =item Keeping in sync
4459 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4460 NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more
4461 reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point,
4462 Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4464 =item Submitting patches
4466 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4467 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4469 =item Finding Your Way Around
4471 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4473 =item Elements of the interpreter
4475 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4477 =item Internal Variable Types
4483 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4485 =item Millions of Macros
4487 =item Poking at Perl
4489 =item Using a source-level debugger
4491 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4492 finish, 'enter', print
4494 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4500 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4504 =item Rational Software's Purify
4506 =item Purify on Unix
4508 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4512 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4514 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4516 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4520 =item Gprof Profiling
4522 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4524 =item GCC gcov Profiling
4526 =item Pixie Profiling
4528 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4533 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4541 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4549 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4561 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4563 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4567 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4571 =head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0
4577 =item Reporting Bugs
4585 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
4591 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4593 =item Incompatible Changes
4597 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
4599 =item AIX Dynaloading
4601 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
4603 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
4609 =item Core Enhancements
4611 =item Modules and Pragmata
4615 =item New Modules and Distributions
4617 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4621 =item Utility Changes
4623 =item New Documentation
4625 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4629 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4631 =item Generic Improvements
4635 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4639 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4643 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4645 =item Source Code Enhancements
4649 =item MAGIC constants
4651 =item Better commented code
4653 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
4661 =item Known Problems
4667 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
4669 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4671 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
4673 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configur
4675 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
4677 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4681 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
4683 =item Failure of Thread tests
4693 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4695 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4697 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
4699 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4701 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4703 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
4707 =item Reporting Bugs
4715 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
4721 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4723 =item Incompatible Changes
4725 =item Core Enhancements
4729 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
4731 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
4733 =item Signals Are Now Safe
4737 =item Modules and Pragmata
4743 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4747 =item Performance Enhancements
4749 =item Utility Changes
4751 =item New Documentation
4767 =item README.solaris
4771 =item Porting/repository.pod
4775 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4779 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4781 =item Generic Improvements
4783 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
4784 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
4785 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
4789 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4793 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4797 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4799 =item Changed Internals
4803 =item Known Problems
4807 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4809 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4811 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4813 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4817 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4819 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4821 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4823 =item Failure of Thread tests
4825 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4827 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4829 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4831 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4835 =item Reporting Bugs
4843 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4849 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4851 =item Incompatible Changes
4853 =item Core Enhancements
4855 =item Modules and Pragmata
4861 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4865 =item Utility Changes
4867 =item New Documentation
4869 =item Performance Enhancements
4871 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4875 =item Generic Improvements
4879 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4883 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4887 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4889 =item Changed Internals
4891 =item Known Problems
4895 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4897 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4899 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4901 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4903 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4905 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4907 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4909 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4911 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4913 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4917 =item Reporting Bugs
4925 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4931 =item Core Enhancements
4935 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4937 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4939 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4941 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4943 =item "our" declarations
4945 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4947 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4949 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4951 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4953 =item open() with more than two arguments
4955 =item 64-bit support
4957 =item Large file support
4963 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4965 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4967 =item File globbing implemented internally
4969 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4971 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4973 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4975 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4977 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4979 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4981 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4983 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4985 =item Comments in pack() templates
4987 =item Weak references
4989 =item Binary numbers supported
4991 =item Lvalue subroutines
4993 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4995 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4997 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4999 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5001 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5003 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5005 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5007 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5009 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5011 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5013 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5015 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5017 =item Improved diagnostics
5019 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5021 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5023 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5025 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5027 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5029 =item Improved security features
5031 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5033 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5035 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5037 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5039 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5041 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5043 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5047 =item Modules and Pragmata
5053 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5054 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5055 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5056 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5057 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5058 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5059 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5060 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5066 =item Utility Changes
5080 =item The Perl Debugger
5084 =item Improved Documentation
5086 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5087 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5088 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5089 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5091 =item Performance enhancements
5095 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5097 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5099 =item Faster subroutine calls
5101 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5105 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5109 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5111 =item New Configure flags
5113 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5119 =item -Duselargefiles
5121 =item installusrbinperl
5127 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5131 =item Platform specific changes
5135 =item Supported platforms
5139 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5147 =item Significant bug fixes
5151 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5153 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5155 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5157 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5159 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5161 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5163 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5165 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5167 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5169 =item Locale bugs fixed
5173 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5175 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5177 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5179 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5183 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5185 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5186 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5187 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5188 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5189 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5190 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5191 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5192 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5193 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5194 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5195 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5196 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5197 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5198 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5199 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5200 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5201 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5202 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5203 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5204 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5205 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5206 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5207 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5208 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5209 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5210 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5211 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5212 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5213 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5214 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5215 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5216 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5217 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5218 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5219 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5220 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5221 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5222 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5223 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5224 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5225 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5226 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5227 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5228 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5229 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5230 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5231 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5232 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5233 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5234 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5238 =item Incompatible Changes
5242 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5244 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5245 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5246 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5247 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5248 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5249 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5250 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5251 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5252 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5253 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5254 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5256 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5258 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5260 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5262 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5264 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5268 =item Known Problems
5272 =item Thread test failures
5274 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5276 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5278 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5280 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5283 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5285 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5287 =item Experimental features
5289 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5290 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5291 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5295 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5297 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5298 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5299 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5300 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5302 =item Reporting Bugs
5310 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5316 =item About the new versioning system
5318 =item Incompatible Changes
5322 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5324 =item Default installation structure has changed
5326 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5328 =item C Source Compatibility
5330 =item Binary Compatibility
5332 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5334 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5348 =item Regular Expressions
5350 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5351 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5352 improvements, Incompatible changes
5354 =item Improved malloc()
5356 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5358 =item Reliable signals
5360 =item Reliable stack pointers
5362 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5366 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5368 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5370 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5372 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5374 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5376 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5378 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5380 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5382 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5384 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5386 =item Better locale support
5388 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5390 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5392 =item Extended support for exception handling
5394 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5396 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5398 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5400 =item New C<lock> keyword
5402 =item New C<qr//> operator
5404 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5406 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5408 =item Tied handles support is better
5410 =item 4th argument to substr
5412 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5414 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5416 =item <> now reads in records
5420 =item Supported Platforms
5426 =item Changes in existing support
5430 =item Modules and Pragmata
5436 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5437 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5438 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5440 =item Changes in existing modules
5442 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5443 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5447 =item Utility Changes
5449 =item Documentation Changes
5451 =item New Diagnostics
5453 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5454 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5455 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5456 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5457 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5458 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5459 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5460 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5461 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5462 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5463 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5464 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5465 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5466 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5467 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5468 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5469 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5471 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5473 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5474 temporary file, regexp too big
5476 =item Configuration Changes
5486 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5492 =item Supported Environments
5498 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5500 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5502 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5504 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5506 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5508 =item More precise warnings
5510 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5512 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5514 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5516 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5518 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5520 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5522 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5524 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5526 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5528 =item Changes to tainting checks
5530 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5531 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5533 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5535 =item Embedding improvements
5537 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5539 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5541 =item New and changed syntax
5545 =item New and changed builtin constants
5549 =item New and changed builtin variables
5553 =item New and changed builtin functions
5555 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5556 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5557 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5558 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5559 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5561 =item New builtin methods
5563 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5565 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5567 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5568 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5570 =item Malloc enhancements
5572 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5574 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5578 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5594 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5595 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5601 =item Required Updates
5603 =item Installation directories
5605 =item Module information summary
5619 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5623 =item Utility Changes
5629 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5633 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5637 =item C Language API Changes
5639 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5642 =item Documentation Changes
5644 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5645 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5647 =item New Diagnostics
5649 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5650 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5651 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5652 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5653 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5654 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5655 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5656 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5657 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5658 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5659 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5660 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5661 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5662 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5663 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5664 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5665 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5666 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5667 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5668 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5669 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5670 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5671 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5672 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5673 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5683 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5691 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5695 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5697 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5699 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5701 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5707 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
5717 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
5727 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5741 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
5743 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5745 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5747 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5753 =item Accessing documentation
5757 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
5759 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
5761 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
5763 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
5767 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
5771 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
5773 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
5775 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
5777 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
5779 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
5789 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
5797 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
5799 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
5803 =item Contact Information
5809 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
5819 =item gzip on BS2000
5821 =item bison on BS2000
5823 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
5825 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
5827 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
5829 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
5831 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
5833 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
5835 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
5853 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5859 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
5863 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5865 =item Cygwin Configuration
5867 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5871 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
5875 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
5877 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
5879 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5880 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5882 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
5884 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5885 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5887 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
5889 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5893 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
5897 =item Warnings on Cygwin
5903 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
5907 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
5909 =item Hard Links on Cygwin
5911 =item Filetime Granularity on Cygwin
5913 =item Tainting Checks on Cygwin
5915 =item /etc/group on Cygwin
5917 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
5919 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5923 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
5925 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
5927 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5928 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5930 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
5938 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
5950 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
5954 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
5956 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
5958 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
5960 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
5970 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
5978 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
5980 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
5982 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
5984 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
5988 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
5990 =item PATH Names on Epoc
5992 =item Editors on Epoc
5994 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
5996 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
5998 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
6002 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
6010 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
6019 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
6029 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
6031 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
6033 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
6035 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
6037 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
6039 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
6041 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
6043 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
6045 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
6047 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
6049 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
6059 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
6067 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
6075 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
6084 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
6086 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
6088 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
6090 =item Building external modules on MachTen
6100 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
6114 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
6120 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
6126 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
6134 =item What's New in Perl ffor MPE/iX
6136 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
6138 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
6140 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
6142 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
6144 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
6145 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
6147 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
6151 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
6153 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
6155 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
6157 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
6159 =item Perl/iX Change History
6175 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
6187 =item Build new extensions
6191 =item Acknowledgements
6199 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
6219 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
6221 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
6223 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
6227 =item Frequently asked questions
6231 =item "It does not work"
6233 =item I cannot run external programs
6235 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
6238 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
6241 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
6243 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
6251 =item Automatic binary installation
6253 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
6255 =item Manual binary installation
6257 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
6258 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
6259 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
6260 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
6261 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
6267 =item Accessing documentation
6271 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
6279 =item GNU C<info> files
6291 =item The short story
6295 =item Getting perl source
6297 =item Application of the patches
6305 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
6308 =item Installing the built perl
6310 =item C<a.out>-style build
6318 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
6320 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
6322 =item Problems with tr or sed
6324 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
6326 =item Library ... not found
6328 =item Segfault in make
6330 =item op/sprintf test failure
6334 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
6338 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
6342 =item C<extproc> on the first line
6344 =item Additional modules:
6346 =item Prebuilt methods:
6348 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
6349 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
6350 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
6351 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
6352 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
6353 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
6354 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
6355 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
6356 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
6357 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
6358 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
6360 =item Prebuilt variables:
6362 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
6368 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
6371 =item Identifying DLLs
6373 =item Centralized management of resources
6389 =item F<perl___.exe>
6391 =item Why strange names?
6393 =item Why dynamic linking?
6395 =item Why chimera build?
6403 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6405 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6407 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6409 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6411 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6413 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6423 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
6425 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
6427 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
6430 =item DLL forwarder generation
6434 =item Calls to external programs
6436 =item Memory allocation
6440 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6456 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6466 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
6468 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
6470 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
6472 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
6474 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6476 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6478 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6480 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
6482 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6484 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
6494 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
6502 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
6510 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
6512 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
6514 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
6516 =item QNX auxiliary files
6520 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
6528 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
6538 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
6540 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
6542 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
6544 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
6548 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
6552 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
6564 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6572 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6578 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6584 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
6586 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
6588 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
6592 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6596 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6598 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
6600 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6604 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6606 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6607 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6608 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6614 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
6618 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
6620 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
6624 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
6628 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6630 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6634 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
6636 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
6638 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
6648 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
6649 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
6657 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
6659 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
6661 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
6663 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
6665 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
6667 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
6671 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
6677 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
6685 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
6687 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
6693 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6703 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
6705 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
6707 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
6709 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
6711 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
6721 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
6727 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6735 =item Organization of Perl Images
6741 =item Perl Extensions
6743 =item Installing static extensions
6745 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6749 =item File specifications
6755 =item Wildcard expansion
6761 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6767 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6769 =item Command line switches
6775 =item Perl functions
6777 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6778 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6779 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6780 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6782 =item Perl variables
6784 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
6786 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6800 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6808 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6812 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6816 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6818 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6822 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6826 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
6828 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
6832 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6840 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6842 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6854 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6864 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6874 =item Built-in Attributes
6876 locked, method, lvalue
6878 =item Available Subroutines
6882 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6884 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6886 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6894 =item Default exports
6896 =item Available exports
6898 =item Export tags defined
6908 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6920 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6936 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6950 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6964 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6977 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6986 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6992 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
7002 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
7012 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
7023 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
7025 =item The I<splain> Program
7039 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
7053 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
7063 =item subpragma access
7069 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
7080 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
7090 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
7100 =item Adding directories to @INC
7102 =item Deleting directories from @INC
7104 =item Restoring original @INC
7114 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
7125 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
7133 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
7135 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
7141 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
7153 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
7163 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
7165 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
7167 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
7169 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
7171 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
7173 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
7175 =item Overloadable Operations
7177 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
7178 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
7179 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
7181 =item Inheritance and overloading
7183 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
7184 is inherited by derived classes
7188 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
7196 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
7198 =item Copy Constructor
7204 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
7206 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
7207 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
7208 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
7211 =item Losing overloading
7213 =item Run-time Overloading
7215 =item Public functions
7217 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
7219 =item Overloading constants
7221 integer, float, binary, q, qr
7223 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7225 =item Metaphor clash
7231 =item Two-face scalars
7233 =item Two-face references
7235 =item Symbolic calculator
7237 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
7245 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
7246 type, `%s' is not a code reference
7252 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7262 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
7274 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
7276 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
7280 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
7284 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
7292 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
7300 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
7304 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
7314 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
7325 =item Utility functions
7327 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
7328 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
7336 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
7346 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
7354 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
7355 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
7356 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
7357 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
7358 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
7362 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
7364 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
7366 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
7376 =item DBM Comparisons
7386 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
7396 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
7400 =item Typed lexicals
7402 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
7404 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
7406 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
7408 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
7416 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
7417 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
7418 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
7419 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>
7429 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
7439 =item Subroutine Stubs
7441 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7443 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7445 =item Package Lexicals
7447 =item Not Using AutoLoader
7449 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
7459 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
7467 $keep, $check, $modtime
7471 =item Multiple packages
7479 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
7487 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
7491 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
7499 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
7513 =item B::PVMG METHODS
7517 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
7519 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
7521 =item B::PVLV METHODS
7523 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
7527 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
7531 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
7532 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
7536 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
7537 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
7541 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
7545 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
7550 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
7552 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
7556 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
7558 =item B::UNOP METHOD
7562 =item B::BINOP METHOD
7566 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
7570 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
7574 =item B::PMOP METHODS
7576 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
7578 =item B::SVOP METHOD
7582 =item B::PADOP METHOD
7586 =item B::PVOP METHOD
7590 =item B::LOOP METHODS
7592 redoop, nextop, lastop
7594 =item B::COP METHODS
7596 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
7600 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
7602 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
7603 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
7604 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
7605 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
7612 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
7625 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
7637 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7649 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7659 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7660 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7661 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7671 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7681 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7682 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7692 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7702 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7703 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7704 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7716 =item Context of ".."
7720 =item Deprecated features
7728 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
7738 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
7739 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
7740 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
7742 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
7744 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
7745 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
7746 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
7747 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
7748 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
7749 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
7750 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7751 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
7757 =item OP flags abbreviations
7759 =item OP class abbreviations
7763 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
7769 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7781 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7791 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7792 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
7794 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7804 =item ambient_pragmas
7806 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
7818 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7830 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7838 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7840 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7841 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7843 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7853 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7863 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7869 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7881 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7893 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7895 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7907 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7917 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7925 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7937 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7951 =item Standard Exports
7953 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7954 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7955 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7957 =item Optional Exports
7959 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7960 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7961 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7977 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7981 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7995 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
8005 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
8006 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
8007 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
8017 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
8029 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
8031 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
8033 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
8035 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
8037 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
8039 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
8041 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
8043 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
8045 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
8047 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
8049 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
8051 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
8053 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
8055 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
8057 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
8059 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
8061 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
8063 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
8064 B<:standard>, B<:all>
8068 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
8069 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
8072 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
8074 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
8075 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
8080 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
8084 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
8086 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
8088 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
8090 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
8092 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
8094 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
8096 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
8098 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
8099 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
8101 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
8105 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
8109 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
8111 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
8113 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
8115 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
8117 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
8119 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
8120 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
8122 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
8126 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
8130 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
8132 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
8134 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
8136 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
8140 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
8142 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
8144 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
8148 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
8150 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
8154 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
8158 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
8162 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
8166 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
8170 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
8172 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
8174 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
8178 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
8182 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
8188 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
8189 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
8191 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
8193 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
8194 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
8197 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
8203 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
8207 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
8209 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
8210 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
8211 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
8212 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
8213 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
8215 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
8217 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
8222 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
8224 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
8226 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
8227 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
8229 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
8231 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8235 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
8236 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
8237 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
8238 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
8239 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
8240 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
8241 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
8242 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
8243 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
8244 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
8245 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
8246 ...and many many more..
8248 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
8256 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
8266 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8274 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
8283 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
8285 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
8289 =item Changing the default message
8293 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
8303 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
8311 =item USING CGI::Cookie
8313 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
8317 =item Creating New Cookies
8319 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
8321 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
8323 =item Manipulating Cookies
8325 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
8329 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8337 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
8345 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
8347 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
8349 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
8351 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
8355 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8363 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
8373 =item Tags that won't be formatted
8375 =item Customizing the Indenting
8387 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
8395 =item USING CGI::Push
8397 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
8401 =item Heterogeneous Pages
8403 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
8407 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
8409 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8417 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
8427 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8435 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
8443 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8449 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
8459 =item Interactive Mode
8461 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
8462 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
8463 distribution, ls author, Signals
8471 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
8473 =item Programmer's interface
8475 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
8477 =item Methods in the other Classes
8479 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
8480 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
8481 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
8482 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
8483 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
8484 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
8485 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
8486 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
8487 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
8488 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
8489 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
8490 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
8491 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
8492 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
8493 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
8494 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
8495 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
8496 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
8497 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
8498 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
8499 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
8500 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
8501 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
8502 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
8503 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
8504 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
8512 =item Finding packages and VERSION
8516 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
8522 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
8523 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
8524 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
8525 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
8529 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
8531 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
8539 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
8541 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
8545 =item Three basic types of firewalls
8547 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
8549 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
8555 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
8567 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
8577 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
8590 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
8600 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
8608 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
8610 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
8620 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
8621 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
8622 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
8624 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
8632 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
8642 =item The C<struct()> function
8644 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
8646 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
8648 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
8649 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
8651 =item Initializing with C<new>
8657 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
8659 =item Author and Modification History
8663 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
8671 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8683 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8687 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
8688 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
8689 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
8694 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8695 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8699 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8700 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8701 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8702 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
8703 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
8704 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
8708 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8709 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8710 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8711 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8712 C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>,
8713 C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>,
8714 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
8715 C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>,
8716 C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>,
8717 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>,
8718 C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
8719 C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>,
8720 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>,
8721 C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>,
8722 C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>,
8723 C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
8724 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>,
8725 C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
8726 C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>,
8727 C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>,
8728 C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>,
8729 C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>,
8730 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>,
8731 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
8732 C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
8733 C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>,
8734 C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>,
8735 C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>,
8736 C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>,
8737 C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>,
8738 C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>,
8739 C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>,
8740 C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>,
8741 C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>,
8742 C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>,
8743 C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
8744 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
8745 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
8746 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
8747 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
8748 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
8749 C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>,
8750 C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>,
8751 C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>,
8752 C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
8753 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>,
8754 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
8755 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
8756 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
8757 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>,
8758 C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
8759 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setpwent>,
8760 C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>,
8761 C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
8762 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
8763 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
8764 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
8765 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
8766 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
8767 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
8768 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
8769 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
8770 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>,
8771 C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>,
8772 C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>,
8773 C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
8774 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
8775 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
8776 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>,
8777 C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>,
8778 C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>,
8779 C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>,
8780 C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>,
8781 C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>, C<db_version_patch>,
8782 C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>,
8783 C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8787 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8788 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
8792 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8793 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
8798 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8799 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8803 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8807 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8808 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8809 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
8810 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_langinfo>,
8811 C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>,
8812 C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
8813 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
8814 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
8815 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
8816 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
8817 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
8818 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
8819 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
8820 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
8821 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
8822 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
8823 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
8824 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8825 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8826 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8827 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
8828 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
8829 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
8834 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8838 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8839 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8840 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8841 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8842 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8843 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8847 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8848 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8849 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8853 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8854 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8858 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8859 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8860 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8861 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8865 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8866 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8870 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8871 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
8875 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8876 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8877 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8878 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8882 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8886 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8887 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
8891 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8892 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8893 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8894 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
8895 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
8896 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
8897 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
8898 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
8899 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
8900 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
8901 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
8902 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
8903 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
8904 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8908 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
8909 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8913 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8914 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8915 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8916 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
8917 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
8918 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
8919 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
8920 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
8921 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8925 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8926 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8927 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
8928 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8932 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8936 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
8948 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
8960 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8972 =item Global Variables
8974 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8975 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8980 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8981 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8983 =item Client Callback Methods
8985 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8986 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8987 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8997 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
9005 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
9009 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
9011 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
9013 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
9015 =item Default Parameters
9017 =item In Memory Databases
9025 =item A Simple Example
9033 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
9035 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
9037 =item The get_dup() Method
9039 =item The find_dup() Method
9041 =item The del_dup() Method
9043 =item Matching Partial Keys
9051 =item The 'bval' Option
9053 =item A Simple Example
9055 =item Extra RECNO Methods
9057 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
9058 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
9061 =item Another Example
9065 =item THE API INTERFACE
9067 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
9068 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
9069 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
9070 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
9074 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
9075 B<filter_fetch_value>
9081 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
9083 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
9087 =item HINTS AND TIPS
9091 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
9093 =item Safe ways to lock a database
9095 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
9097 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
9099 =item The untie() Gotcha
9103 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
9107 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
9109 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
9111 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
9113 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
9133 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
9134 printing and C<eval>
9146 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
9147 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
9148 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
9155 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
9157 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9158 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9159 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9160 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9161 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9162 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9163 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9164 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9165 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9166 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9167 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9168 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
9188 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
9196 =item PROFILE FORMAT
9208 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
9218 =item Memory footprint debugging
9226 =item A simple scalar string
9228 =item A simple scalar number
9230 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
9232 =item A reference to a simple scalar
9234 =item A reference to an array
9236 =item A reference to a hash
9238 =item Dumping a large array or hash
9240 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
9242 =item A reference to a subroutine
9256 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
9266 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
9274 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
9278 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
9279 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
9280 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
9288 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
9298 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
9302 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
9303 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
9315 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
9327 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
9339 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
9340 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
9341 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
9346 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
9347 veryCompact, set, get
9353 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
9361 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
9362 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
9363 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
9364 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
9371 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
9384 =head2 Encode - character encodings
9402 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
9404 =item Types of Encodings
9406 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
9407 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
9409 =item Specifying Encodings
9411 1. By name, 2. As an object
9413 =item Encoding Names
9415 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
9416 The name used by the the organization that defined it
9420 =item PERL ENCODING API
9424 =item Generic Encoding Interface
9426 =item Handling Malformed Data
9428 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
9432 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
9434 =item Listing available encodings
9436 =item Defining Aliases
9438 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
9441 =item Defining Encodings
9445 =item Encoding and IO
9447 =item Encoding How to ...
9449 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
9450 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
9452 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
9454 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
9456 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
9458 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
9459 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
9463 =item Compiled Encodings
9465 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
9466 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
9474 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
9475 of the Encode extension
9481 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9489 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
9491 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
9497 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9505 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
9518 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
9533 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
9549 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
9561 =item Selecting What To Export
9563 =item Specialised Import Lists
9565 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
9567 =item Module Version Checking
9569 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
9571 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
9577 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
9587 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
9608 mv source... destination
9610 cp source... destination
9628 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
9638 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, PVN, YES, NO, UNDEF
9648 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
9650 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
9654 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
9660 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
9663 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9665 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
9667 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
9668 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9676 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
9688 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
9689 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
9699 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
9709 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
9721 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
9722 packlist(), version()
9730 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
9738 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
9744 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
9754 =item VMS implementation
9756 =item Win32 implementation
9764 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9773 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
9777 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9804 test_via_harness (o)
9806 tool_autosplit (override)
9824 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9839 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
9851 =item Preloaded methods
9871 =item SelfLoaded methods
9917 file_name_is_absolute
9923 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
9963 maybe_command_in_dirs
10001 replace_manpage_separator
10015 test_via_harness (o)
10017 test_via_script (o)
10047 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10048 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10058 =item Methods always loaded
10070 =item SelfLoaded methods
10072 guess_name (override)
10076 find_perl (override)
10080 maybe_command (override)
10082 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
10084 perl_script (override)
10086 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10088 replace_manpage_separator
10090 init_others (override)
10092 constants (override)
10096 const_cccmd (override)
10098 pm_to_blib (override)
10100 tool_autosplit (override)
10102 tool_sxubpp (override)
10104 xsubpp_version (override)
10106 tools_other (override)
10116 top_targets (override)
10120 dynamic_lib (override)
10122 dynamic_bs (override)
10124 static_lib (override)
10126 manifypods (override)
10128 processPL (override)
10130 installbin (override)
10132 subdir_x (override)
10136 realclean (override)
10138 dist_basics (override)
10140 dist_core (override)
10142 dist_dir (override)
10144 dist_test (override)
10148 perldepend (override)
10150 makefile (override)
10154 test_via_harness (override)
10156 test_via_script (override)
10158 makeaperl (override)
10160 nicetext (override)
10162 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10163 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10189 test_via_harness (o)
10191 tool_autosplit (override)
10209 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
10219 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
10221 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
10229 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
10233 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
10235 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
10237 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
10239 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
10241 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
10242 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
10243 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
10244 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
10245 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
10246 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
10247 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
10248 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
10249 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
10250 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
10251 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE,
10252 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERM_RW,
10253 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
10254 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TEST_LIBS, VERSION,
10255 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
10257 =item Additional lowercase attributes
10259 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
10262 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
10264 =item Hintsfile support
10266 =item Distribution Support
10268 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
10269 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
10270 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
10272 =item Disabling an extension
10286 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
10294 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
10298 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
10302 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
10303 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
10307 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
10315 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
10327 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
10337 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
10346 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
10354 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
10366 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
10374 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
10384 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
10396 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
10406 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
10410 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
10418 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
10422 C<basename>, C<dirname>
10426 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
10436 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
10450 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
10460 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
10462 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
10474 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
10482 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
10494 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
10502 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
10503 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
10504 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
10514 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
10522 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
10523 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
10524 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
10528 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
10536 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
10548 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
10562 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
10596 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
10614 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
10642 file_name_is_absolute
10662 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
10672 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
10704 file_name_is_absolute
10726 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
10742 =item Methods always loaded
10744 canonpath (override)
10762 case_tolerant (override)
10766 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10768 splitpath (override)
10770 splitdir (override)
10784 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
10814 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
10838 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
10852 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
10862 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
10870 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
10878 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
10880 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
10892 =item Temporary files and NFS
10904 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
10918 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
10930 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
10938 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
10944 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
10958 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
10960 =item All-in-one interface
10972 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
10982 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
10986 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
10988 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
10996 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
10998 =item Example 2: Using the context
11000 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
11002 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
11006 =item Filter::Simple
11014 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
11022 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
11032 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
11048 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
11056 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
11058 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
11062 =item Simple options
11064 =item A little bit less simple options
11066 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
11068 =item Options with values
11070 =item Options with multiple values
11072 =item Options with hash values
11074 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
11076 =item Options with multiple names
11078 =item Case and abbreviations
11080 =item Summary of Option Specifications
11082 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
11086 =item Advanced Possibilities
11090 =item Object oriented interface
11092 =item Documentation and help texts
11094 =item Storing options in a hash
11098 =item The lonesome dash
11100 =item Argument call-back
11104 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
11106 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
11107 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
11108 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
11109 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
11110 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
11112 =item Return values and Errors
11118 =item Default destinations
11120 =item Alternative option starters
11122 =item Configuration variables
11126 =item Trouble Shooting
11130 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
11132 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
11139 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11143 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
11154 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
11165 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
11176 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
11178 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
11180 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11182 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11184 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
11186 the function super_languages($lang1)
11188 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
11190 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
11192 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
11194 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
11198 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
11200 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
11210 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
11218 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
11220 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
11222 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
11223 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
11224 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
11225 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
11226 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
11227 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
11228 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
11229 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
11230 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
11231 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
11232 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
11233 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
11234 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
11235 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
11236 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
11237 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
11238 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
11239 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
11240 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
11241 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
11242 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
11243 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
11244 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
11245 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
11246 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
11247 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
11248 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
11249 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
11250 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
11251 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
11252 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
11253 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
11254 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
11255 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
11256 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
11257 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
11258 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
11259 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
11260 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
11261 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
11262 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
11263 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
11264 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
11265 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
11266 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
11267 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
11268 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
11269 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
11270 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
11271 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
11272 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
11273 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
11274 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
11275 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
11276 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
11277 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
11278 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
11279 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
11280 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
11281 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
11282 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
11283 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
11284 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
11285 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
11286 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
11287 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
11288 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
11289 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
11290 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
11291 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
11292 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
11293 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
11294 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
11295 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
11296 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
11297 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
11298 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
11299 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
11300 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
11301 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
11302 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
11303 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
11304 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
11305 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
11306 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
11307 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
11308 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
11309 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
11310 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
11311 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
11312 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
11313 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
11314 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
11315 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
11316 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
11317 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
11318 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
11319 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
11320 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
11321 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
11322 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
11323 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
11324 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
11325 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
11326 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
11327 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
11328 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
11329 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
11330 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
11331 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
11332 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
11333 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
11334 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
11335 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
11336 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
11337 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
11338 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
11339 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
11340 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
11344 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11350 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
11368 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
11372 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
11382 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
11390 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11391 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11401 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11411 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11415 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11423 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
11433 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11437 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11438 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11439 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11440 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11452 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11462 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11466 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11476 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11486 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11487 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11497 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
11505 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11506 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11515 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
11525 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11529 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11530 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11531 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11541 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
11555 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11556 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11566 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
11582 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11595 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
11609 hostpath(), peerpath()
11619 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
11628 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11629 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11639 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11649 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11653 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11661 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
11672 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11676 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11677 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11678 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11679 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11691 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11701 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11705 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11715 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11725 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11726 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11736 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
11745 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11746 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11755 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
11766 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11770 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11771 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11772 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11782 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
11797 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11798 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11808 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
11809 AF_INET domain sockets
11825 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11838 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
11839 AF_UNIX domain sockets
11853 hostpath(), peerpath()
11863 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11873 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11874 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11885 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
11899 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
11912 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
11922 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11923 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11924 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11935 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
11953 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11963 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11964 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11975 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
11986 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11987 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11988 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11999 =head2 Langinfo - Perl extension for blah blah blah
12011 =item Exportable constants
12021 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
12025 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
12033 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
12034 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
12036 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
12042 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
12043 general-utility list subroutines
12051 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
12052 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
12054 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
12060 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
12061 general-utility scalar subroutines
12069 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
12070 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
12078 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
12086 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12090 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
12098 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
12110 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
12116 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12118 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
12119 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
12125 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12127 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
12133 =item CODE ALIASING
12143 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12147 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
12148 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
12149 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
12150 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
12158 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
12159 identification (ISO 4217)
12177 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12179 code2currency(), currency2code()
12185 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12187 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
12195 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12199 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
12207 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
12224 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12226 code2language(), language2code()
12232 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12234 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
12242 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12246 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
12247 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
12255 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
12263 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12269 =item Construction Methods
12271 =item The "maketext" Method
12273 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
12275 =item Utility Methods
12277 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
12278 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
12279 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
12280 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
12282 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
12286 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
12288 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
12290 =item BRACKET NOTATION
12292 =item AUTO LEXICONS
12294 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
12296 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
12300 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12306 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
12314 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
12318 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
12320 =item The Linguistic View
12322 =item Breaking gettext
12324 =item Replacing gettext
12326 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
12328 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
12330 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
12332 =item Buzzword: Concision
12334 =item The Devil in the Details
12336 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
12344 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
12352 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
12356 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
12364 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
12365 of quoted-printable strings
12373 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12379 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
12388 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12394 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
12404 =item Canonical notation
12408 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
12410 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
12414 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
12415 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
12421 use Math::BigFloat qw(bstr bint);
12423 $x = bstr("1234") # string "1234"
12424 $x = "$x"; # same as bstr()
12425 $x = bneg("1234") # BigFloat "-1234"
12426 $x = Math::BigFloat->bneg("1234"); # BigFloat "1234"
12427 $x = Math::BigFloat->babs("-12345"); # BigFloat "12345"
12428 $x = Math::BigFloat->bnorm("-0 00"); # BigFloat "0"
12429 $x = bint(1) + bint(2); # BigFloat "3"
12430 $x = bint(1) + "2"; # ditto (auto-BigFloatify of "2")
12431 $x = bint(1); # BigFloat "1"
12432 $x = $x + 5 / 2; # BigFloat "3"
12433 $x = $x ** 3; # BigFloat "27"
12434 $x *= 2; # BigFloat "54"
12435 $x = new Math::BigFloat; # BigFloat "0"
12436 $x--; # BigFloat "-1"
12438 =item Autocreating constants
12446 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
12454 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
12462 Canonical notation, Input, Output
12464 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
12474 =item Rounding mode R
12476 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
12477 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
12478 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
12487 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
12493 use Math::BigInt qw(bstr bint);
12494 $x = bstr("1234") # string "1234"
12495 $x = "$x"; # same as bstr()
12496 $x = bneg("1234") # Bigint "-1234"
12497 $x = Math::BigInt->bneg("1234"); # Bigint "-1234"
12498 $x = Math::BigInt->babs("-12345"); # Bigint "12345"
12499 $x = Math::BigInt->bnorm("-0 00"); # BigInt "0"
12500 $x = bint(1) + bint(2); # BigInt "3"
12501 $x = bint(1) + "2"; # ditto (auto-BigIntify of "2")
12502 $x = bint(1); # BigInt "1"
12503 $x = $x + 5 / 2; # BigInt "3"
12504 $x = $x ** 3; # BigInt "27"
12505 $x *= 2; # BigInt "54"
12506 $x = new Math::BigInt; # BigInt "0"
12507 $x--; # BigInt "-1"
12508 $x = Math::BigInt->badd(4,5) # BigInt "9"
12509 $x = Math::BigInt::badd(4,5) # BigInt "9"
12510 print $x->bsstr(); # 9e+0
12512 =item Autocreating constants
12518 =item Replacing the math library
12524 :constant and eval()
12528 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow,
12529 Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types, bsqrt()
12539 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
12551 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
12553 the same terms as Perl itself.
12561 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
12574 =item STRINGIFICATION
12578 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
12584 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
12586 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
12594 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
12602 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
12608 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
12610 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
12614 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12616 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
12620 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
12622 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12624 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
12625 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
12629 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
12635 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
12645 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
12663 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
12665 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
12669 =item OTHER FACILITIES
12675 =item C<flush_cache>
12681 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
12683 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
12691 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
12697 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
12706 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
12717 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
12729 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
12737 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
12745 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
12754 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
12763 =head2 Memoize::Saves - Plug-in module to specify which return values
12780 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
12788 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
12796 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12802 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12806 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12810 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
12820 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
12826 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
12836 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
12839 =item CLASS METHODS
12841 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
12842 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
12843 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
12853 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
12863 requires_firewall HOST
12865 =item NetConfig VALUES
12867 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
12868 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_ext_passive, ftp_int_pasive,
12869 local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
12873 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
12882 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
12890 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
12902 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
12906 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
12907 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
12908 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
12909 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), rmdir ( DIR ), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE
12910 ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [,
12911 WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [,
12912 REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (),
12913 mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash (
12914 [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [
12915 DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port (
12916 [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
12917 pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait (
12918 NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
12922 =item Methods for the adventurous
12928 =item THE dataconn CLASS
12930 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
12933 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
12935 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
12937 =item REPORTING BUGS
12949 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
12959 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
12963 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
12964 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
12965 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
12966 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
12967 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
12972 =item Extension methods
12974 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
12975 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
12976 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
12977 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
12986 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
12996 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
13008 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
13012 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
13013 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
13014 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
13015 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
13027 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
13035 icmp, udp, tcp, stream, external
13041 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
13042 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
13050 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
13062 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
13066 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), mail ( ADDRESS [,
13067 OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail (
13068 ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ),
13069 to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ),
13070 verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit ()
13080 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
13088 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
13089 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
13097 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
13114 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
13122 =item Where to get this document
13124 =item How to contribute to this document
13128 =item Author and Copyright Information
13136 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
13140 =item What is libnet ?
13142 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
13144 =item What other modules do I need ?
13146 =item What machines support libnet ?
13148 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
13152 =item Using Net::FTP
13156 =item How do I download files from a FTP server ?
13158 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
13160 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
13162 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
13165 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
13167 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
13169 =item How do I get a directory listing from a FTP server ?
13171 =item Changeing directory to "" does not fail ?
13173 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
13175 =item I am behind a FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
13178 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
13180 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
13183 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
13186 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
13190 =item Using Net::SMTP
13194 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
13197 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
13199 =item The verify method always returns true ?
13203 =item Debugging scripts
13207 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
13211 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
13215 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
13232 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
13247 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
13264 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
13272 =item THE .netrc FILE
13274 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
13279 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
13283 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
13293 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
13303 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13309 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
13317 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13323 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13327 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13331 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
13343 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
13345 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
13346 or optag, an operator set (opset)
13348 =item Opcode Functions
13350 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
13351 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
13352 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
13355 =item Manipulating Opsets
13357 =item TO DO (maybe)
13363 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
13365 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
13366 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
13367 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
13376 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
13385 a new namespace, an operator mask
13391 =item RECENT CHANGES
13393 =item Methods in class Safe
13395 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
13396 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
13397 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
13398 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
13400 =item Some Safety Issues
13402 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
13410 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
13423 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
13437 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
13438 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
13439 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
13440 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
13441 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
13442 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
13443 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
13444 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
13445 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
13446 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
13447 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
13448 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
13449 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
13450 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
13451 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
13452 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
13453 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
13454 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
13455 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
13456 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
13457 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
13458 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
13459 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
13460 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
13461 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
13468 =item POSIX::SigAction
13472 =item POSIX::SigSet
13474 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
13476 =item POSIX::Termios
13478 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
13479 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
13480 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
13481 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
13482 values, c_oflag field values
13486 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
13490 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
13494 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
13552 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
13561 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
13565 =item Defaults and how to override them
13575 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
13585 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
13593 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
13594 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
13595 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
13596 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
13597 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
13598 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
13599 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
13603 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
13609 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
13615 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
13627 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
13628 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
13629 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
13630 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
13631 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
13632 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
13633 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
13634 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
13639 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
13640 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
13641 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
13642 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
13643 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
13644 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
13648 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
13649 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
13661 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
13663 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
13666 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
13668 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
13670 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
13672 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
13674 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
13682 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
13694 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
13696 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
13703 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
13709 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
13711 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
13718 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
13730 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
13740 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
13741 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
13756 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
13769 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
13770 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
13776 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
13800 =item B<was_cutting()>
13806 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
13812 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
13818 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
13824 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
13830 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13836 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
13842 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
13848 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
13854 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
13860 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
13866 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
13872 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
13878 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
13884 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
13890 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
13896 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13902 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
13908 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
13914 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
13920 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
13926 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
13932 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
13938 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
13944 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
13950 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
13956 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
13962 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
13968 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13974 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
13986 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
13998 =item OBJECT METHODS
14006 =item Data Accessors
14022 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
14024 B<StartWithNewPage>
14038 =item Subclassed methods
14052 B<interior_sequence>
14068 =item Methods for headings
14076 =item Internal methods
14082 B<_replace_special_chars>
14088 B<_clean_latex_commands>
14104 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
14112 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
14117 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
14118 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape
14119 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, Unmatched =back
14127 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14131 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
14145 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
14153 $list-E<gt>indent()
14161 $list-E<gt>parent()
14167 =item Pod::Hyperlink
14169 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
14173 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
14175 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
14179 $link-E<gt>warning()
14181 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
14187 $link-E<gt>alttext()
14197 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
14203 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
14207 =item Pod::Cache::Item
14209 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
14213 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
14215 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
14217 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
14219 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
14221 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
14223 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
14225 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
14235 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
14247 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
14249 =item PARSING OPTIONS
14251 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
14252 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
14258 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14266 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14272 =item B<verbatim()>
14274 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14280 =item B<textblock()>
14282 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14288 =item B<interior_sequence()>
14294 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14306 =item B<initialize()>
14312 =item B<begin_pod()>
14318 =item B<begin_input()>
14324 =item B<end_input()>
14336 =item B<preprocess_line()>
14342 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
14348 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
14354 =item B<parse_text()>
14356 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
14357 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
14358 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
14364 =item B<interpolate()>
14370 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
14376 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
14382 =item B<parse_from_file()>
14388 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
14394 =item B<errorsub()>
14406 =item B<parseopts()>
14412 =item B<output_file()>
14418 =item B<output_handle()>
14424 =item B<input_file()>
14430 =item B<input_handle()>
14436 =item B<input_streams()>
14442 =item B<top_stream()>
14448 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14454 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
14460 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
14466 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
14474 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
14494 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
14507 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
14509 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
14515 =item OBJECT METHODS
14521 =item B<curr_headings()>
14533 =item B<add_selection()>
14539 =item B<clear_selections()>
14545 =item B<match_section()>
14551 =item B<is_selected()>
14557 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
14563 =item B<podselect()>
14565 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
14571 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14577 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
14583 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
14589 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
14601 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
14609 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
14613 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
14614 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
14615 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
14625 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14629 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
14643 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14647 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
14662 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14666 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
14667 text with format escapes
14679 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14683 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
14692 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
14701 =item Recommended Use
14709 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
14713 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
14721 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14727 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14731 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14735 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
14743 a new namespace, an operator mask
14749 =item RECENT CHANGES
14751 =item Methods in class Safe
14753 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
14754 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
14755 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
14756 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
14758 =item Some Safety Issues
14760 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
14768 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
14776 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
14777 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14785 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
14795 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
14805 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
14815 =item The __DATA__ token
14817 =item SelfLoader autoloading
14819 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
14821 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
14823 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
14825 =item Classes and inherited methods.
14829 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
14833 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
14843 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
14851 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
14852 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
14860 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
14861 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
14862 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
14863 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
14864 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
14868 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
14878 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
14882 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
14884 =item ERROR REPORTING
14892 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
14897 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
14898 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
14922 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
14936 =item Allowing fall-through
14938 =item Automating fall-through
14940 =item Higher-order Operations
14954 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
14964 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
14976 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
14977 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
14985 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
14986 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
14997 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
14998 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
15006 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
15007 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
15018 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
15028 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
15029 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
15030 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
15034 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
15048 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
15060 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
15068 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
15078 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
15079 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
15087 =item Minimal set of supported functions
15089 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
15090 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
15092 =item Additional supported functions
15094 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
15104 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
15130 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
15134 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15144 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
15154 =item The test script output
15156 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
15157 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
15158 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
15162 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
15185 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
15186 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
15187 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
15188 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
15192 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
15193 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
15208 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
15218 =item I love it when a plan comes together
15222 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
15240 B<use_ok>, B<require_ok>
15246 =item Conditional tests
15248 B<skip> * UNIMPLEMENTED *
15252 B<todo> * UNIMPLEMENTED *
15256 =item Comparision functions
15268 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15278 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
15308 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Pod::Tests>, L<SelfTest>,
15313 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
15325 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
15335 =item General behaviour in list contexts
15339 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
15341 =item A note about prefixes
15343 =item C<extract_delimited>
15345 =item C<extract_bracketed>
15347 =item C<extract_tagged>
15349 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
15350 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
15352 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
15354 =item C<extract_quotelike>
15356 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
15358 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
15360 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
15362 =item C<extract_codeblock>
15364 =item C<extract_multiple>
15366 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
15372 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
15373 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
15374 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
15375 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
15376 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
15377 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
15378 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
15379 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
15380 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
15381 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
15382 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
15383 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
15388 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15394 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
15409 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
15426 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
15441 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
15455 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
15468 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
15469 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
15470 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
15474 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
15482 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
15490 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15492 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
15498 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
15506 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15508 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
15512 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
15524 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
15534 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
15542 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
15543 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
15544 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
15545 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
15553 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
15562 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
15563 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
15564 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
15565 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
15567 =item MORE INFORMATION
15569 =item COMPATIBILITY
15573 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
15581 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
15582 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
15586 =item MORE INFORMATION
15590 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
15608 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
15617 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
15619 =item MORE INFORMATION
15623 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
15635 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution ualarm, usleep, and gettimeofday
15643 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
15644 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
15645 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
15646 getitimer ( $which )
15662 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
15670 =item IMPLEMENTATION
15676 =head2 Time::Piece - Object Oriented time objects
15688 =item Local Locales
15690 =item Date Calculations
15692 =item Date Comparisons
15694 =item YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
15698 =item strftime method
15700 %%, %a, %A, %b, %B, %c, %C, %d, %D, %e, %h, %H, %I, %j, %m, %M, %n, %p, %r,
15701 %R, %S, %t, %T, %u, %U, %V, %w, %W, %x, %y, %Y, %Z
15703 =item strptime function
15705 =item Global Overriding
15723 =head2 Time::Piece::Seconds, Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert
15724 seconds to other date values
15742 =head2 Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert seconds to other date values
15760 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
15775 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
15790 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
15802 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
15810 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
15811 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
15815 =head2 UnicodeCD - Unicode character database
15857 =item Blocks versus Scripts
15859 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
15861 =item Code Point Arguments
15887 =item UnicodeCD::UnicodeVersion
15893 =item Implementation Note
15903 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
15918 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
15929 =item System Specifics
15943 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
15951 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
15953 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
15954 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
15955 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
15956 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
15957 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
15958 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
15959 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
15960 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
15961 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
15962 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
15963 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
15964 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
15965 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
15966 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
15967 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
15968 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
15974 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
15992 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
16004 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
16006 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
16007 don't all have manual pages yet:
16033 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles