2 # !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!!
3 # This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods.
4 # Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes.
8 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
12 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
13 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
14 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
16 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
18 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
30 =item Reference Manual
32 =item Internals and C Language Interface
36 =item Language-Specific
38 =item Platform-Specific
62 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
72 =item Running Perl programs
74 =item Basic syntax overview
76 =item Perl variable types
78 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
80 =item Variable scoping
82 =item Conditional and looping constructs
84 if, while, for, foreach
86 =item Builtin operators and functions
88 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
93 =item Regular expressions
95 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
96 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
98 =item Writing subroutines
102 =item Using Perl modules
110 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
116 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
124 =item Making References
126 =item Using References
144 =item Distribution Conditions
150 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
156 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
157 more elaborate constructs
161 =item COMMON MISTAKES
163 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
165 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
171 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
175 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
177 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
179 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
183 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
187 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
189 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
191 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
195 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
199 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
201 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
203 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
207 =item HASHES OF HASHES
211 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
213 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
215 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
219 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
223 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
225 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
227 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
239 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
247 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
249 =item Growing Your Own
251 =item Access and Printing
263 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
273 =item Simple word matching
275 =item Using character classes
277 =item Matching this or that
279 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
281 =item Extracting matches
283 =item Matching repetitions
287 =item Search and replace
289 =item The split operator
297 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
301 =item Acknowledgments
307 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
313 =item Part 1: The basics
317 =item Simple word matching
319 =item Using character classes
321 =item Matching this or that
323 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
325 =item Extracting matches
327 =item Matching repetitions
329 =item Building a regexp
331 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
335 =item Part 2: Power tools
339 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
341 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
343 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
345 =item Non-capturing groupings
347 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
349 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
351 =item Conditional expressions
353 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
355 =item Pragmas and debugging
363 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
367 =item Acknowledgments
373 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
381 =item If we could talk to the animals...
383 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
385 =item Invoking a barnyard
387 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
389 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
391 =item Inheriting the windpipes
393 =item A few notes about @ISA
395 =item Overriding the methods
397 =item Starting the search from a different place
399 =item The SUPER way of doing things
401 =item Where we're at so far...
403 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
405 =item Invoking an instance method
407 =item Accessing the instance data
409 =item How to build a horse
411 =item Inheriting the constructor
413 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
415 =item Adding parameters to a method
417 =item More interesting instances
419 =item A horse of a different color
431 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
437 =item Creating a Class
441 =item Object Representation
443 =item Class Interface
445 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
447 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
451 =item Other Object Methods
459 =item Accessing Class Data
461 =item Debugging Methods
463 =item Class Destructors
465 =item Documenting the Interface
475 =item Overridden Methods
477 =item Multiple Inheritance
479 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
483 =item Alternate Object Representations
487 =item Arrays as Objects
489 =item Closures as Objects
493 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
497 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
499 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
503 =item Metaclassical Tools
509 =item Data Members as Variables
517 =item Object Terminology
523 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
529 =item Acknowledgments
535 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
541 =item Class Data in a Can
543 =item Class Data as Package Variables
547 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
549 =item Inheritance Concerns
551 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
553 =item Indirect References to Class Data
555 =item Monadic Classes
557 =item Translucent Attributes
561 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
565 =item Privacy and Responsibility
567 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
569 =item More Inheritance Concerns
571 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
573 =item Translucency Revisited
581 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
583 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
589 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
595 =item OO SCALING TIPS
597 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
599 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
601 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
603 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
605 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
607 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
609 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
611 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
613 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
621 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
629 =head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
641 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
649 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
667 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
669 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
670 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
671 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
672 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
674 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
676 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
677 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
678 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
682 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
684 =item Numerical Traps
686 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
688 =item General data type traps
690 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
691 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
693 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
695 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
697 =item Precedence Traps
699 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
702 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
704 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
705 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
706 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
708 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
710 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
716 =item Interpolation Traps
718 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
719 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
725 =item Unclassified Traps
727 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
734 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
742 =item Looking at data and -w and v
746 =item Stepping through code
748 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
750 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
768 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2003/01/31
777 =item Where to get the perlfaq
779 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
781 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
788 =item Author and Copyright Information
792 =item Bundled Distributions
798 =item Table of Contents
800 perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
801 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
802 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
803 Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
804 Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
810 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
812 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
814 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
816 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
818 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
820 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
822 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
824 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
826 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
832 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.14 $, $Date:
833 2003/11/23 08:02:29 $)
843 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
845 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
847 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
853 =item How stable is Perl?
855 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
857 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
860 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
862 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
864 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
866 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
868 =item What is a JAPH?
870 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
872 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
873 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
877 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
881 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.25 $,
882 $Date: 2003/10/16 04:57:38 $)
890 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
892 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
894 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
896 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
899 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
900 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
902 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
903 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
905 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
907 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
909 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
911 =item Where should I post source code?
915 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
917 =item Perl in Magazines
919 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
921 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
923 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
925 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
927 =item Where do I send bug reports?
929 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
933 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
937 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.37 $, $Date: 2003/11/24
946 =item How do I do (anything)?
948 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
950 =item Is there a Perl shell?
952 =item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
954 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
956 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
958 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
960 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
962 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
964 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
966 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
967 GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
968 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
970 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
972 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
974 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
976 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
978 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
980 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
982 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
984 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
985 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
987 =item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
989 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
991 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
993 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
995 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
997 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
999 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
1001 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
1003 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
1005 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
1007 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
1009 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
1011 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
1012 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
1014 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
1016 =item What's MakeMaker?
1020 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1024 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.54 $, $Date: 2003/11/30
1035 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
1036 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
1038 =item Why is int() broken?
1040 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
1042 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
1045 =item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?
1047 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
1048 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
1049 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
1050 from decimal to binary
1052 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
1054 =item How do I multiply matrices?
1056 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
1058 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
1060 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
1062 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
1070 =item How do I find the day or week of the year?
1072 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
1074 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
1076 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
1078 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
1080 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
1082 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
1090 =item How do I validate input?
1092 =item How do I unescape a string?
1094 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
1096 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
1098 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
1100 =item How do I reverse a string?
1102 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
1104 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
1106 =item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
1108 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
1110 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
1113 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
1115 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
1118 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
1120 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
1122 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
1124 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
1126 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
1128 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
1130 =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
1132 There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
1133 be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
1142 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
1144 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
1146 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
1150 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
1153 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
1154 intersection of two arrays?
1156 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
1158 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
1160 =item How do I handle linked lists?
1162 =item How do I handle circular lists?
1164 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
1166 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
1168 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
1170 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
1172 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
1174 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
1176 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
1180 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
1184 =item How do I process an entire hash?
1186 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
1189 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
1191 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
1193 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
1195 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
1197 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
1199 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
1201 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
1203 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
1205 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
1207 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
1209 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
1212 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
1213 array of hashes or arrays?
1215 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
1223 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
1225 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
1227 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
1229 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
1231 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
1233 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
1235 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
1239 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1243 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.30 $, $Date: 2003/11/23
1252 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
1254 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
1255 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
1257 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
1259 =item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
1261 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
1263 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
1265 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
1266 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
1268 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
1270 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
1272 =item How can I write() into a string?
1274 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
1276 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
1278 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
1280 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
1283 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
1285 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
1287 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
1289 =item How can I lock a file?
1291 =item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
1293 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
1294 the file. How can I do this?
1296 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
1297 file. Do I still have to use locking?
1299 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
1301 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
1303 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
1305 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
1307 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
1309 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
1311 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
1313 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
1315 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
1317 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
1319 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
1321 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
1322 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
1324 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
1326 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
1327 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
1329 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
1331 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
1335 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1339 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 2003/01/03
1348 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
1349 and unmaintainable code?
1351 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
1353 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
1355 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
1358 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
1360 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
1363 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
1365 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
1367 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
1369 =item What is C</o> really for?
1371 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
1374 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
1376 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
1378 =item How do I process each word on each line?
1380 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
1382 =item How can I do approximate matching?
1384 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
1386 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
1388 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
1390 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
1392 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
1394 =item What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
1396 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
1398 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
1402 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1406 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date:
1407 2003/07/24 02:17:21 $)
1415 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
1417 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
1420 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
1423 =item How do I skip some return values?
1425 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
1427 =item What's an extension?
1429 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
1431 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
1433 =item How do I create a module?
1435 =item How do I create a class?
1437 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
1439 =item What's a closure?
1441 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
1443 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
1446 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
1449 =item How do I create a static variable?
1451 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
1452 Between local() and my()?
1454 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
1457 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
1459 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
1461 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
1463 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
1465 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
1467 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
1470 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
1472 =item How can I find out my current package?
1474 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
1476 =item How do I clear a package?
1478 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
1480 =item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
1484 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1488 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
1497 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
1499 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
1501 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
1503 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
1505 =item How do I print something out in color?
1507 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
1509 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
1511 =item How do I clear the screen?
1513 =item How do I get the screen size?
1515 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
1517 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
1519 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
1521 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
1523 =item How do I start a process in the background?
1525 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
1527 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
1529 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
1531 =item How do I set the time and date?
1533 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
1535 =item How can I measure time under a second?
1537 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
1539 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
1540 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
1542 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
1544 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
1546 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
1548 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
1550 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
1552 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
1554 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
1556 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
1558 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
1560 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
1563 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
1565 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
1567 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
1569 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
1572 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
1573 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
1574 changes to be visible?
1578 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
1581 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
1583 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
1585 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
1587 =item How do I set CPU limits?
1589 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
1591 =item How do I use an SQL database?
1593 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
1595 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
1597 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
1599 =item What's the difference between require and use?
1601 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
1603 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
1606 =item How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?
1608 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
1612 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1616 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/01/31 17:36:57
1625 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
1627 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
1630 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
1632 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
1634 =item How do I extract URLs?
1636 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
1637 file on another machine?
1639 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
1641 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
1643 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
1645 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
1647 =item How do I redirect to another page?
1649 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
1651 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
1653 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
1654 CGI script to do bad things?
1656 =item How do I parse a mail header?
1658 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
1660 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
1662 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
1664 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
1666 =item How do I send mail?
1668 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
1670 =item How do I read mail?
1672 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
1674 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
1676 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
1678 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
1682 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1686 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1698 =item Simple Statements
1700 =item Truth and Falsehood
1702 =item Statement Modifiers
1704 =item Compound Statements
1712 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1716 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1718 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1724 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1732 =item Variable names
1738 =item Scalar value constructors
1740 =item List value constructors
1746 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1754 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1762 =item Operator Precedence and Associativity
1764 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1766 =item The Arrow Operator
1768 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1770 =item Exponentiation
1772 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1774 =item Binding Operators
1776 =item Multiplicative Operators
1778 =item Additive Operators
1780 =item Shift Operators
1782 =item Named Unary Operators
1784 =item Relational Operators
1786 =item Equality Operators
1790 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1792 =item C-style Logical And
1794 =item C-style Logical Or
1796 =item C-style Logical Defined-Or
1798 =item Range Operators
1800 =item Conditional Operator
1802 =item Assignment Operators
1804 =item Comma Operator
1806 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1812 =item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
1814 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1816 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1818 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1820 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1822 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1823 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1824 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1825 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
1827 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
1829 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
1830 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
1831 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
1832 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
1837 =item Constant Folding
1839 =item Bitwise String Operators
1841 =item Integer Arithmetic
1843 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1845 =item Bigger Numbers
1851 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1861 =item Private Variables via my()
1863 =item Persistent Private Variables
1865 =item Temporary Values via local()
1867 =item Lvalue subroutines
1869 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
1871 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1873 =item When to Still Use local()
1875 =item Pass by Reference
1879 =item Constant Functions
1881 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
1885 =item Subroutine Attributes
1893 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1901 =item Perl Functions by Category
1903 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1904 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1905 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1906 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1907 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1908 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1909 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1910 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1911 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1912 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1917 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1919 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1920 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1921 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
1922 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
1923 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
1924 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
1925 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
1926 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
1927 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
1928 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
1929 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
1930 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
1931 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
1932 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
1933 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
1934 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
1935 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
1936 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
1937 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
1938 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
1939 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
1940 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
1941 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
1942 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
1943 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
1944 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
1945 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
1946 lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
1947 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
1948 KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
1949 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
1950 Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
1951 EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
1952 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
1953 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
1954 ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
1955 package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
1956 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
1957 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
1958 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
1959 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
1960 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
1961 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
1962 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
1963 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
1964 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
1965 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
1966 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
1967 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1968 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1969 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1970 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1971 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1972 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1973 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1974 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1975 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
1976 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format
1977 parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum
1978 width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat
1979 FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME
1980 (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK,
1981 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
1982 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall NUMBER, LIST, sysopen
1983 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1984 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1985 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
1986 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
1987 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
1988 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
1989 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
1990 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
1991 TEMPLATE,EXPR, unpack TEMPLATE, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use
1992 Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use
1993 VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1994 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
2000 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
2006 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
2012 =item Indirect Filehandles
2016 =item The Minus File
2018 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
2024 =item Open E<agrave> la C
2028 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
2032 =item Obscure Open Tricks
2036 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
2038 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
2040 =item Paths as Opens
2042 =item Single Argument Open
2044 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
2048 =item Other I/O Issues
2052 =item Opening Non-File Files
2054 =item Opening Named Pipes
2056 =item Opening Sockets
2068 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
2074 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
2080 =item The Basic Principle
2084 =item Packing Numbers
2090 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
2092 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
2094 =item Byte-order modifiers
2096 =item Floating point Numbers
2100 =item Exotic Templates
2112 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
2116 =item Template Grouping
2118 =item Lengths and Widths
2122 =item String Lengths
2124 =item Dynamic Templates
2126 =item Counting Repetitions
2130 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
2134 =item The Alignment Pit
2136 =item Dealing with Endian-ness
2138 =item Alignment, Take 2
2140 =item Alignment, Take 3
2142 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
2148 =item Funnies Section
2154 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
2162 =item Ordinary Paragraph
2164 =item Verbatim Paragraph
2166 =item Command Paragraph
2168 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
2169 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
2170 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
2171 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>, C<=encoding
2174 =item Formatting Codes
2176 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2177 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2178 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
2179 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
2180 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
2181 (zero-effect) formatting code
2185 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2187 =item Hints for Writing Pod
2197 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
2204 =item Pod Definitions
2208 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
2209 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...",
2210 "=encoding encodingname"
2212 =item Pod Formatting Codes
2214 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2215 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
2216 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
2217 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2218 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
2219 contains non-breaking spaces
2221 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
2223 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
2225 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
2227 =item About =over...=back Regions
2229 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
2237 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
2247 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
2249 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
2251 =item Location of Perl
2253 =item Command Switches
2255 B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>], B<-A [I<assertions>]>, B<-a>, B<-C
2256 [I<number/list>]>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters>,
2257 B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
2258 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
2259 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
2260 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
2261 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
2262 B<-X>, B<-x>, B<-x> I<directory>
2268 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
2269 :perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
2270 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
2271 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_DL_NONLAZY, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED,
2272 PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS,
2273 PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
2277 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2285 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
2293 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
2295 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
2297 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
2301 =item Backward Compatibility
2303 =item Category Hierarchy
2305 =item Fatal Warnings
2307 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
2319 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
2325 =item The Perl Debugger
2329 =item Debugger Commands
2331 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
2332 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
2333 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
2334 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
2335 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
2336 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
2337 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
2338 command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [
2339 command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source
2340 file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man
2343 =item Configurable Options
2345 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
2346 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
2347 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
2348 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
2349 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
2350 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
2353 =item Debugger input/output
2355 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
2358 =item Debugging compile-time statements
2360 =item Debugger Customization
2362 =item Readline Support
2364 =item Editor Support for Debugging
2366 =item The Perl Profiler
2370 =item Debugging regular expressions
2372 =item Debugging memory usage
2380 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
2388 =item Predefined Names
2390 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
2391 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+,
2392 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
2393 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
2394 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
2395 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
2396 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
2397 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#,
2398 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
2399 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
2400 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
2401 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
2402 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
2403 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
2404 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
2405 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
2406 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
2407 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
2408 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
2409 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
2410 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
2411 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
2412 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
2413 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
2414 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
2415 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
2416 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
2417 $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE},
2418 $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
2419 ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
2422 =item Error Indicators
2424 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
2432 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
2442 =item Regular Expressions
2444 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
2446 =item Extended Patterns
2448 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
2449 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
2450 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
2451 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
2455 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
2457 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
2459 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
2461 =item Combining pieces together
2463 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
2464 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
2465 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
2466 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
2468 =item Creating custom RE engines
2478 =head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
2490 =item ESCAPE SEQUENCES
2492 =item CHARACTER CLASSES
2498 =item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
2516 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
2526 =item Making References
2528 =item Using References
2530 =item Symbolic references
2532 =item Not-so-symbolic references
2534 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
2536 =item Function Templates
2546 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
2556 =item Numeric Fields
2558 =item The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text
2560 =item The Field ^* for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text
2562 =item Specifying Values
2564 =item Using Fill Mode
2566 =item Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void
2568 =item Repeating Format Lines
2570 =item Top of Form Processing
2572 =item Format Variables
2582 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
2590 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
2598 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
2600 =item A Class is Simply a Package
2602 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
2604 =item Method Invocation
2606 =item Indirect Object Syntax
2608 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
2610 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
2616 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
2624 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
2636 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
2641 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
2642 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
2643 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
2644 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
2649 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
2650 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
2651 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, SCALAR this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
2653 =item Tying FileHandles
2655 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
2656 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
2661 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
2673 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
2681 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
2682 B<filter_fetch_value>
2688 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
2690 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
2700 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
2701 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
2711 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
2719 =item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)
2721 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
2722 "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
2726 =item Using open() for IPC
2732 =item Background Processes
2734 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
2736 =item Safe Pipe Opens
2738 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
2740 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
2744 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
2748 =item Internet Line Terminators
2750 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
2752 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
2756 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
2760 =item A Simple Client
2762 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
2764 =item A Webget Client
2766 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
2770 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
2772 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
2774 =item UDP: Message Passing
2788 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
2798 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
2800 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
2801 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
2802 files, directories and network sockets
2804 =item Resource limits
2806 =item Killing the parent process
2808 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
2810 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
2812 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
2813 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
2814 application, Thread-safety of extensions
2826 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
2834 =item Storing numbers
2836 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
2838 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
2840 Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
2841 mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
2842 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
2851 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
2859 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2861 =item Threaded Program Models
2873 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
2875 =item Thread-Safe Modules
2881 =item Basic Thread Support
2883 =item A Note about the Examples
2885 =item Creating Threads
2887 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2889 =item Ignoring A Thread
2893 =item Threads And Data
2897 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2899 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
2903 =item Synchronization and control
2907 =item Controlling access: lock()
2909 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2911 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2913 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2915 =item Basic semaphores
2917 =item Advanced Semaphores
2919 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
2921 =item Giving up control
2925 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2929 =item What Thread Am I In?
2933 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2935 =item What Threads Are Running?
2939 =item A Complete Example
2941 =item Different implementations of threads
2943 =item Performance considerations
2945 =item Process-scope Changes
2947 =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
2955 =item Introductory Texts
2957 =item OS-Related References
2959 =item Other References
2963 =item Acknowledgements
2971 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
2977 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2979 =item Threaded Program Models
2991 =item Native threads
2993 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2995 =item Threadsafe Modules
3001 =item Basic Thread Support
3003 =item Creating Threads
3005 =item Giving up control
3007 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
3009 =item Errors In Threads
3011 =item Ignoring A Thread
3015 =item Threads And Data
3019 =item Shared And Unshared Data
3021 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
3023 =item Controlling access: lock()
3025 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
3027 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
3031 =item Threads And Code
3035 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
3037 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
3039 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
3041 =item Subroutine Locks
3045 =item Locking A Subroutine
3049 =item General Thread Utility Routines
3053 =item What Thread Am I In?
3057 =item Are These Threads The Same?
3059 =item What Threads Are Running?
3063 =item A Complete Example
3071 =item Introductory Texts
3073 =item OS-Related References
3075 =item Other References
3079 =item Acknowledgements
3087 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
3093 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
3102 =item Numbers endianness and Width
3104 =item Files and Filesystems
3106 =item System Interaction
3108 =item Command names versus file pathnames
3112 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
3114 =item External Subroutines (XS)
3116 =item Standard Modules
3120 =item Character sets and character encoding
3122 =item Internationalisation
3124 =item System Resources
3134 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
3135 http://testers.cpan.org/
3143 =item DOS and Derivatives
3151 =item EBCDIC Platforms
3159 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
3163 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
3165 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown
3166 LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen
3167 HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl
3168 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin,
3169 getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME,
3170 getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
3171 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
3172 gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent
3173 STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN,
3174 endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
3175 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl
3176 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat
3177 FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
3178 ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
3179 FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
3180 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
3181 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
3182 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
3183 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
3184 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
3185 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
3186 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
3187 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
3188 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
3189 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
3195 v1.49, 12 August 2002, v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000,
3196 v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999,
3197 v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April
3198 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December
3199 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August
3200 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
3202 =item Supported Platforms
3206 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
3210 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
3217 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
3223 =item The use locale pragma
3225 =item The setlocale function
3227 =item Finding locales
3229 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
3231 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
3233 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
3235 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
3237 =item Fixing system locale configuration
3239 =item The localeconv function
3241 =item I18N::Langinfo
3245 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
3249 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
3251 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
3253 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
3255 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
3259 =item Other categories
3267 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
3268 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
3274 =item Backward compatibility
3276 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
3278 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
3280 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
3282 =item Freely available locale definitions
3286 =item An imperfect standard
3290 =item Unicode and UTF-8
3296 =item Broken systems
3306 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
3316 =item Perl's Unicode Support
3318 =item Perl's Unicode Model
3320 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
3322 =item Creating Unicode
3324 =item Handling Unicode
3326 =item Legacy Encodings
3330 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
3334 =item Advanced Topics
3338 =item Questions With Answers
3340 =item Hexadecimal Notation
3342 =item Further Resources
3346 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
3350 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
3352 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
3356 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
3364 =item Important Caveats
3366 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
3367 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, BOM-marked scripts and UTF-16 scripts
3368 autodetected, C<use encoding> needed to upgrade non-Latin-1 byte strings
3370 =item Byte and Character Semantics
3372 =item Effects of Character Semantics
3378 =item User-Defined Character Properties
3380 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
3382 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
3384 =item Unicode Encodings
3386 =item Security Implications of Unicode
3388 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
3392 =item When Unicode Does Not Happen
3394 =item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
3396 =item Using Unicode in XS
3404 =item Interaction with Locales
3406 =item Interaction with Extensions
3410 =item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
3418 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
3424 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
3432 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
3436 =item 13 variant characters
3444 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
3446 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
3448 =item Unicode and UTF
3454 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
3456 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
3458 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
3472 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
3474 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
3476 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
3478 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
3486 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
3488 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
3490 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
3492 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
3496 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
3500 =item URL decoding and encoding
3502 =item uu encoding and decoding
3504 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
3506 =item Caesarian ciphers
3510 =item Hashing order and checksums
3514 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
3526 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
3546 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
3554 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
3556 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
3558 =item Taint mode and @INC
3560 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
3564 =item Protecting Your Programs
3568 =item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
3576 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
3588 =item BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END
3594 =item Making your module threadsafe
3602 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
3606 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
3610 =item Pragmatic Modules
3612 assertions, assertions::activate, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint,
3613 bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding,
3614 fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re,
3615 sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version,
3616 vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
3618 =item Standard Modules
3620 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
3621 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
3622 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
3623 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
3624 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
3625 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
3626 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DBM_Filter, DB_File, Data::Dumper,
3627 Devel::DProf, Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest,
3628 Digest::MD5, Digest::base, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode,
3629 Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN,
3630 Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder,
3631 Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z,
3632 Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header,
3633 Encode::PerlIO, Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW,
3634 Encode::Unicode, Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
3635 Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM,
3636 ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
3637 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any,
3638 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
3639 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN,
3640 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
3641 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
3642 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial,
3643 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish,
3644 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
3645 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
3646 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
3647 File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc,
3648 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
3649 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
3650 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File,
3651 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
3652 I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle,
3653 IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
3654 IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg,
3655 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
3656 Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
3657 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64,
3658 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
3659 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::CalcEmu, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex,
3660 Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
3661 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
3662 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd,
3663 Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3,
3664 Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
3665 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
3666 PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint,
3667 Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
3668 Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
3669 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
3670 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
3671 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
3672 Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
3673 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util,
3674 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
3675 Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
3676 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness,
3677 Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps,
3678 Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
3679 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
3680 Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific,
3681 Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash,
3682 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
3683 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize,
3684 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap,
3687 =item Extension Modules
3701 China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
3702 Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
3704 =item Central America
3710 Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
3711 Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
3712 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
3713 Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
3714 Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
3718 Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
3719 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
3720 Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York,
3721 North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,
3722 Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
3726 Australia, New Zealand, United States
3730 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
3736 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
3740 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
3742 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
3744 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
3752 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
3758 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
3762 =item Before you start
3770 =item Release considerations
3774 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
3778 =item Has it been done before?
3780 =item Do one thing and do it well
3782 =item What's in a name?
3786 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
3790 =item To OO or not to OO?
3792 =item Designing your API
3794 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
3795 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
3798 =item Strictness and warnings
3800 =item Backwards compatibility
3802 =item Error handling and messages
3806 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
3812 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
3814 perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
3815 perl Build test, perl Build install
3819 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
3823 =item Version numbering
3825 =item Pre-requisites
3835 =item COMMON PITFALLS
3839 =item Reinventing the wheel
3841 =item Trying to do too much
3843 =item Inappropriate documentation
3849 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
3850 Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
3857 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
3867 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
3868 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
3882 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
3892 =item What should I make into a module?
3894 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
3896 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
3898 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
3900 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
3901 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
3902 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
3904 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
3906 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
3907 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
3917 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3927 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3928 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3929 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3930 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3934 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3936 =item Administration
3938 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3942 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3943 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3951 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3961 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3965 =item Using The Back Ends
3969 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3973 =item The Decompiling Back End
3975 =item The Lint Back End
3977 =item The Simple C Back End
3979 =item The Bytecode Back End
3981 =item The Optimized C Back End
3985 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3987 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3988 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3989 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3991 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3997 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4007 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4009 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4011 B<Decryption Filters>
4013 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4015 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4017 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4021 =item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
4023 Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle
4033 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
4043 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
4044 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
4048 =item Compiling your C program
4050 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
4052 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
4054 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
4056 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
4058 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
4060 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
4062 =item Execution of END blocks
4064 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
4066 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
4071 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
4083 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
4089 =item Debugger Internals
4093 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
4097 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
4099 =item Debugging regular expressions
4103 =item Compile-time output
4105 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
4106 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
4107 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
4110 =item Types of nodes
4112 =item Run-time output
4116 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
4120 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
4122 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
4123 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
4126 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
4128 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
4130 =item B<-DL> details
4134 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
4142 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
4154 =item Version caveat
4156 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
4168 =item What has gone on?
4170 =item Writing good test scripts
4174 =item What's new here?
4176 =item Input and Output Parameters
4178 =item The XSUBPP Program
4180 =item The TYPEMAP file
4182 =item Warning about Output Arguments
4186 =item What has happened here?
4188 =item Anatomy of .xs file
4190 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
4192 =item More about XSUB arguments
4194 =item The Argument Stack
4196 =item Extending your Extension
4198 =item Documenting your Extension
4200 =item Installing your Extension
4204 =item New Things in this Example
4208 =item New Things in this Example
4210 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
4212 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
4214 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
4216 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
4232 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
4244 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
4246 =item The Argument Stack
4248 =item The RETVAL Variable
4250 =item Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL
4252 =item The MODULE Keyword
4254 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4256 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4258 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4260 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4262 =item The CODE: Keyword
4264 =item The INIT: Keyword
4266 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4268 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4270 =item Default Parameter Values
4272 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4274 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4276 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4278 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4280 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4282 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4284 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4286 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4288 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4290 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4292 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4294 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4296 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4298 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4300 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4302 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4304 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4306 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4308 =item The FALLBACK: Keyword
4310 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4312 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4314 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4316 =item The CASE: Keyword
4318 =item The & Unary Operator
4320 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4322 =item Using XS With C++
4324 =item Interface Strategy
4326 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4330 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4332 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4344 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4354 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4356 =item File Operations
4358 =item File Input and Output
4360 =item File Positioning
4362 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4364 =item Character Class Tests
4366 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4368 =item Miscellaneous functions
4376 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4388 =item What is an "IV"?
4390 =item Working with SVs
4394 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4396 =item Working with AVs
4398 =item Working with HVs
4400 =item Hash API Extensions
4402 =item AVs, HVs and undefined values
4406 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4408 =item Creating New Variables
4410 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4412 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4414 =item Stashes and Globs
4416 =item Double-Typed SVs
4418 =item Magic Variables
4420 =item Assigning Magic
4422 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4426 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4428 =item Localizing changes
4430 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4431 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4432 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4433 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4434 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4435 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4436 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4437 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4438 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4439 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4447 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4449 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4451 =item Memory Allocation
4455 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4459 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4469 =item Examining the tree
4471 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4473 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4475 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4477 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4479 =item Pluggable runops
4483 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4485 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4489 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4491 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4493 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4495 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4497 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4501 =item Internal Functions
4503 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b
4507 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4509 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4511 =item Source Documentation
4515 =item Unicode Support
4519 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4521 =item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?
4523 =item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?
4525 =item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?
4527 =item How do I convert a string to UTF-8?
4529 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4533 =item Custom Operators
4541 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4547 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4549 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4551 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4571 =item Determining the Context
4575 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4581 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4583 =item Passing Parameters
4585 =item Returning a Scalar
4587 =item Returning a list of values
4589 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4591 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4595 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4599 =item Using call_argv
4601 =item Using call_method
4605 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4607 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4609 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4610 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4613 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4615 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4627 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4633 =item "Gimme" Values
4635 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4637 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4639 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4640 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4641 get_av, newAV, sortsv
4643 =item Callback Functions
4645 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4646 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4648 =item Character classes
4650 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4652 =item Cloning an interpreter
4656 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4660 =item Embedding Functions
4662 cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct,
4663 perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4665 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4667 packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str
4669 =item Global Variables
4671 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4675 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4676 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4680 Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv
4682 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4684 get_hv, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force,
4685 HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_assert, hv_clear, hv_clear_placeholders,
4686 hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4687 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4688 hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_scalar, hv_store, hv_store_ent,
4691 =item Magical Functions
4693 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4694 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4695 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE, SvUNLOCK
4697 =item Memory Management
4699 Copy, CopyD, Move, MoveD, New, Newc, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4700 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero, ZeroD
4702 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4704 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, new_version, scan_version, strEQ,
4705 strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking,
4706 sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, upg_version, vcmp, vnormal, vnumify,
4709 =item Numeric functions
4711 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4714 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4716 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4718 =item Pad Data Structures
4722 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4724 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, mPUSHi, mPUSHn, mPUSHp, mPUSHu,
4725 mXPUSHi, mXPUSHn, mXPUSHp, mXPUSHu, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4726 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHmortal, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs,
4727 PUSHu, PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHmortal, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs,
4728 XPUSHu, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV,
4729 XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_UV, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO,
4730 XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4734 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4736 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4738 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSV, newSViv,
4739 newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv,
4740 newSVuv, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4741 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW,
4742 SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvIV_nomg, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp,
4743 SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX,
4744 SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only,
4745 SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force,
4746 SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force,
4747 SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg,
4748 SvPV_nolen, SvPV_nomg, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK,
4749 SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off,
4750 SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off,
4751 SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, SvUV_nomg, SvVOK, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io,
4752 sv_2iv_flags, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8,
4753 sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv_flags, sv_backoff,
4754 sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags,
4755 sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop,
4756 sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec,
4757 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free,
4758 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
4759 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref,
4760 sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten,
4761 sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8,
4762 sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used,
4763 sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg,
4764 sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
4765 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
4766 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
4767 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref,
4768 sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
4769 sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
4770 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4772 =item Unicode Support
4774 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4775 is_utf8_string_loc, pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8,
4776 sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title,
4777 to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
4778 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
4781 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4783 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dUNDERBAR, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto,
4784 RETVAL, ST, THIS, UNDERBAR, XS, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4786 =item Warning and Dieing
4796 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4803 =item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
4807 =item Functions in file pad.h
4809 CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS,
4810 PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH,
4811 PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL,
4812 PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR,
4813 PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE, PAD_SV, PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV
4815 =item Functions in file pp_ctl.c
4819 =item Global Variables
4821 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4832 =item Pad Data Structures
4834 CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon,
4835 pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex,
4836 pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new,
4837 pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef
4839 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4843 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4845 find_uninit_var, report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs,
4854 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4864 =item History and Background
4866 =item Basic Structure
4868 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4870 =item Data Structures
4872 =item Functions and Attributes
4874 =item Per-instance Data
4876 =item Layers in action.
4878 =item Per-instance flag bits
4880 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4881 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4882 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4883 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4885 =item Methods in Detail
4887 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4888 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4889 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4890 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4895 =item Implementing PerlIO Layers
4897 C implementations, Perl implementations
4901 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4903 =item Extension Layers
4905 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
4913 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4921 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4922 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4923 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4924 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4925 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4926 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4927 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4928 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4929 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4930 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4931 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4935 =item Co-existence with stdio
4937 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4938 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4940 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4942 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4943 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4944 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4945 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4947 =item Other Functions
4949 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4950 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4956 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4962 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4963 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4964 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4965 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4966 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4967 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4968 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4972 =item Keeping in sync
4974 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4975 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4977 =item Why rsync the source tree
4979 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
4981 =item Why rsync the patches
4983 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4984 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4986 =item Working with the source
4988 =item Perlbug administration
4990 =item Submitting patches
4992 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4993 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4995 =item Finding Your Way Around
4997 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4999 =item Elements of the interpreter
5001 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
5003 =item Internal Variable Types
5009 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5011 =item Millions of Macros
5013 =item The .i Targets
5015 =item Poking at Perl
5017 =item Using a source-level debugger
5019 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5020 finish, 'enter', print
5022 =item gdb macro support
5024 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5028 =item Patching a core module
5030 =item Adding a new function to the core
5032 =item Writing a test
5034 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5035 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base t/comp,
5036 t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5038 =item Special Make Test Targets
5040 coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind
5041 check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third
5042 utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8
5043 check.utf8, test_harness
5045 =item Running tests by hand
5047 PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
5051 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5055 =item Rational Software's Purify
5057 =item Purify on Unix
5059 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5063 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5067 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5069 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5073 =item Gprof Profiling
5075 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5077 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5079 =item Pixie Profiling
5081 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5084 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5088 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5096 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
5104 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
5114 =item (?{...}) closures in regexps
5116 =item A re-entrant regexp engine
5122 =item lexical pragmas
5124 =item use less 'memory'
5128 =item prototypes and functions
5132 =item _ prototype character
5134 =item inlining autoloaded constants
5136 =item Finish off lvalue functions
5140 =item Unicode and UTF8
5144 =item Implicit Latin 1 => Unicode translation
5146 =item UTF8 caching code
5148 =item Unicode in Filenames
5150 =item Unicode in %ENV
5158 =item regexp optimiser optional
5160 =item common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
5168 =item POD -> HTML conversion still sucks
5172 =item Misc medium sized projects
5178 =item optional optimizer
5180 =item You WANT *how* many
5182 =item lexical aliases
5188 =item entersub XS vs Perl
5190 =item @INC source filter to Filter::Simple
5192 =item bincompat functions
5194 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
5202 =item Make Schwern poorer
5206 =item Improve tests for Config.pm
5208 =item common test code for timed bailout
5216 =item compressed man pages
5218 =item Make Config.pm cope with differences between build and installed perl
5220 =item Relocatable perl
5222 =item make HTML install work
5224 =item put patchlevel in -v
5228 =item Incremental things
5232 =item autovivification
5234 =item fix tainting bugs
5236 =item Make tainting consistent
5238 =item Dual life everything
5248 =item POSIX memory footprint
5250 =item Optimize away @_
5254 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
5256 =item A decent benchmark
5262 =head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
5272 B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I<module>, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f>
5273 I<perlfunc>, B<-q> I<perlfaq-search-regexp>, B<-T>, B<-d>
5274 I<destination-filename>, B<-o> I<output-formatname>, B<-M> I<module-name>,
5275 B<-w> I<option:value> or B<-w> I<option>, B<-X>,
5276 B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>, B<-n> I<some-formatter>, B<-r>, B<-i>,
5287 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5295 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5307 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5309 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5313 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5317 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.2
5323 =item Incompatible Changes
5325 =item Core Enhancements
5327 =item Modules and Pragmata
5329 =item Utility Changes
5333 =item Performance Enhancements
5335 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5337 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5339 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5341 =item Changed Internals
5343 =item Known Problems
5347 =item Platform Specific Problems
5351 =item Reporting Bugs
5357 =head2 perl592delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.2
5363 =item Incompatible Changes
5365 =item Core Enhancements
5367 =item Modules and Pragmata
5369 =item Utility Changes
5373 =item Performance Enhancements
5375 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5377 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5379 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5381 =item Changed Internals
5383 =item Known Problems
5387 =item Platform Specific Problems
5391 =item Reporting Bugs
5397 =head2 perl591delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.1
5403 =item Incompatible Changes
5407 =item substr() lvalues are no longer fixed-length
5409 =item The C<:unique> attribute is only meaningful for globals
5413 =item Core Enhancements
5419 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5423 =item Stacked filetest operators
5427 =item Modules and Pragmata
5429 Benchmark, Carp, Exporter, FindBin, List::Util, threads::shared
5431 =item Utility Changes
5435 =item Performance Enhancements
5437 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5443 =item Threading bugs
5449 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5451 =item Changed Internals
5455 =item Reordering of SVt_* constants
5457 =item Removal of CPP symbols
5459 =item Less space is used by ops
5465 =item Configuration and Building
5467 =item Known Problems
5471 =item Platform Specific Problems
5475 =item To-do for perl 5.10.0
5477 =item Reporting Bugs
5483 =head2 perl590delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.0
5489 =item Incompatible Changes
5493 =item Hash Randomisation
5495 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
5497 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
5499 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
5501 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
5503 =item The C<$*> variable has been removed
5507 =item Core Enhancements
5513 =item Defined-or operators
5515 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
5517 =item Unsafe signals again available
5519 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5523 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
5525 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5529 =item Modules and Pragmata
5533 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5535 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
5536 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
5537 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
5538 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
5539 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
5540 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
5541 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
5546 =item Utility Changes
5548 =item New Documentation
5550 =item Performance Enhancements
5552 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5556 =item Platform-specific enhancements
5560 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5564 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
5568 =item Platform-specific fixes
5572 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5576 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
5578 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
5580 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
5582 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
5584 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
5586 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
5588 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
5590 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
5592 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
5594 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
5596 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
5600 =item Changed Internals
5604 =item Known Problems
5608 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5610 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
5616 =item Platform Specific Problems
5620 =item EBCDIC Platforms
5622 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
5624 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
5626 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
5628 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
5630 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
5632 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
5638 =item Reporting Bugs
5644 =head2 perl585delta - what is new for perl v5.8.5
5650 =item Incompatible Changes
5652 =item Core Enhancements
5654 =item Modules and Pragmata
5656 =item Utility Changes
5660 =item Perl's debugger
5666 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5668 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5670 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5672 =item Changed Internals
5674 =item Known Problems
5676 =item Platform Specific Problems
5678 =item Reporting Bugs
5684 =head2 perl584delta - what is new for perl v5.8.4
5690 =item Incompatible Changes
5692 =item Core Enhancements
5696 =item Malloc wrapping
5698 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.1
5700 =item suidperl less insecure
5706 =item Modules and Pragmata
5710 =item Updated modules
5712 Attribute::Handlers, B, Benchmark, CGI, Carp, Cwd, Exporter, File::Find,
5713 IO, IPC::Open3, Local::Maketext, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
5714 Math::BigRat, MIME::Base64, ODBM_File, POSIX, Shell, Socket, Storable,
5715 Switch, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Time::HiRes, Unicode::UCD, Win32,
5716 base, open, threads, utf8
5720 =item Performance Enhancements
5722 =item Utility Changes
5724 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5726 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5728 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5730 =item Changed Internals
5732 =item Future Directions
5734 =item Platform Specific Problems
5736 =item Reporting Bugs
5742 =head2 perl583delta - what is new for perl v5.8.3
5748 =item Incompatible Changes
5750 =item Core Enhancements
5752 =item Modules and Pragmata
5754 CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin, List::Util,
5755 Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Unicode::Collate,
5756 Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared
5758 =item Utility Changes
5760 =item New Documentation
5762 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5764 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5766 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5768 =item Changed Internals
5770 =item Configuration and Building
5772 =item Platform Specific Problems
5774 =item Known Problems
5776 =item Future Directions
5780 =item Reporting Bugs
5786 =head2 perl582delta - what is new for perl v5.8.2
5792 =item Incompatible Changes
5794 =item Core Enhancements
5798 =item Hash Randomisation
5804 =item Modules and Pragmata
5808 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5810 Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N::LangTags, libnet, MIME::Base64,
5811 Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes, Unicode::Collate,
5812 Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL
5816 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5818 =item Changed Internals
5820 =item Platform Specific Problems
5822 =item Future Directions
5824 =item Reporting Bugs
5830 =head2 perl581delta - what is new for perl v5.8.1
5836 =item Incompatible Changes
5840 =item Hash Randomisation
5842 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
5844 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
5846 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
5848 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
5852 =item Core Enhancements
5856 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
5858 =item Unsafe signals again available
5860 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5864 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
5866 =item Deprecation Warnings
5868 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5872 =item Modules and Pragmata
5876 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5878 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
5879 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
5880 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
5881 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
5882 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
5883 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
5884 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
5889 =item Utility Changes
5891 =item New Documentation
5893 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5897 =item Platform-specific enhancements
5901 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5905 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
5909 =item Platform-specific fixes
5913 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5917 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
5919 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
5921 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
5923 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
5925 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
5927 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
5929 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
5931 =item New "Pseudo-hashes are deprecated"
5933 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
5935 =item New "5.005 threads are deprecated"
5937 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
5939 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
5941 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
5945 =item Changed Internals
5949 =item Known Problems
5953 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5955 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
5961 =item Platform Specific Problems
5965 =item EBCDIC Platforms
5967 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
5969 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
5971 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
5973 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
5975 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
5977 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
5981 =item Future Directions
5983 =item Reporting Bugs
5989 =head2 perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5995 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5997 =item Incompatible Changes
6001 =item Binary Incompatibility
6003 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
6005 =item AIX Dynaloading
6007 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
6009 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
6011 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
6013 =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
6015 =item New Unicode Properties
6017 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
6019 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
6021 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
6027 =item Core Enhancements
6031 =item Unicode Overhaul
6033 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
6037 =item Restricted Hashes
6041 =item Understanding of Numbers
6043 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
6045 =item Miscellaneous Changes
6049 =item Modules and Pragmata
6053 =item New Modules and Pragmata
6055 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6059 =item Utility Changes
6061 =item New Documentation
6063 =item Performance Enhancements
6065 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6069 =item Generic Improvements
6071 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6075 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6079 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6083 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6085 =item Changed Internals
6087 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
6091 =item Known Problems
6095 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
6097 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
6099 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6101 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
6103 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
6105 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6107 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
6109 =item PDL failing some tests
6113 =item Self-tying Problems
6115 =item ext/threads/t/libc
6117 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
6119 =item Timing problems
6121 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
6123 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
6127 =item Platform Specific Problems
6133 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
6139 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
6141 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
6143 =item DJGPP Failures
6145 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
6147 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
6149 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
6151 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
6153 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
6155 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6159 =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
6161 =item OS/2 Test Failures
6163 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
6169 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
6171 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
6173 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
6185 =item XML::Parser not working
6189 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
6191 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
6195 =item Reporting Bugs
6203 =head2 perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
6211 =item Reporting Bugs
6219 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
6225 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6227 =item Incompatible Changes
6231 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
6233 =item AIX Dynaloading
6235 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
6237 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
6243 =item Core Enhancements
6245 =item Modules and Pragmata
6249 =item New Modules and Distributions
6251 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6255 =item Utility Changes
6257 =item New Documentation
6259 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6263 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6265 =item Generic Improvements
6269 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6273 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6277 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6279 =item Source Code Enhancements
6283 =item MAGIC constants
6285 =item Better commented code
6287 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
6295 =item Known Problems
6301 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
6303 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6305 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
6307 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
6309 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
6311 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6315 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
6317 =item Failure of Thread tests
6327 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
6329 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6331 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
6333 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6335 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6337 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
6341 =item Reporting Bugs
6349 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
6355 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6357 =item Incompatible Changes
6359 =item Core Enhancements
6363 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
6365 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
6367 =item Signals Are Now Safe
6371 =item Modules and Pragmata
6377 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6381 =item Performance Enhancements
6383 =item Utility Changes
6385 =item New Documentation
6401 =item README.solaris
6405 =item Porting/repository.pod
6409 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6413 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6415 =item Generic Improvements
6417 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
6418 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
6419 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
6423 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6427 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6431 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6433 =item Changed Internals
6437 =item Known Problems
6441 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
6443 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6445 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6447 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6451 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6453 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
6455 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
6457 =item Failure of Thread tests
6459 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
6461 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6463 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6465 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6469 =item Reporting Bugs
6477 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
6483 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6485 =item Incompatible Changes
6487 =item Core Enhancements
6489 =item Modules and Pragmata
6495 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6499 =item Utility Changes
6501 =item New Documentation
6503 =item Performance Enhancements
6505 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6509 =item Generic Improvements
6513 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6517 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6521 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6523 =item Changed Internals
6525 =item Known Problems
6529 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
6531 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
6533 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6535 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6537 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6539 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
6541 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6543 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
6545 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
6547 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6551 =item Reporting Bugs
6559 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
6565 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
6569 =item Security Issues
6571 =item Core bug fixes
6573 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
6574 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
6575 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
6576 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
6577 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
6578 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
6583 =item Configuration issues
6587 =item Bundled modules
6589 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
6590 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
6591 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
6592 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
6594 =item Platform-specific improvements
6596 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
6600 =item Core Enhancements
6604 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6606 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6608 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6610 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6612 =item "our" declarations
6614 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6616 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6618 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6620 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6622 =item open() with more than two arguments
6624 =item 64-bit support
6626 =item Large file support
6632 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6634 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6636 =item File globbing implemented internally
6638 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6640 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6642 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6644 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6646 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6648 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6650 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6652 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6654 =item Comments in pack() templates
6656 =item Weak references
6658 =item Binary numbers supported
6660 =item Lvalue subroutines
6662 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6664 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6666 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6668 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6670 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6672 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6674 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6676 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6678 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6680 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6682 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6684 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6686 =item Improved diagnostics
6688 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6690 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6692 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6694 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6696 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6698 =item Improved security features
6700 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6702 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6704 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6706 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6708 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6710 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6712 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6716 =item Modules and Pragmata
6722 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6723 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6724 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6725 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6726 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6727 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6728 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6729 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6735 =item Utility Changes
6749 =item The Perl Debugger
6753 =item Improved Documentation
6755 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6756 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6757 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6758 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6760 =item Performance enhancements
6764 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6766 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6768 =item Faster subroutine calls
6770 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6774 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6778 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6780 =item New Configure flags
6782 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6788 =item -Duselargefiles
6790 =item installusrbinperl
6796 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6798 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6802 =item Platform specific changes
6806 =item Supported platforms
6810 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6818 =item Significant bug fixes
6822 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6824 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6826 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6828 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6830 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6832 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6834 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6836 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6838 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6840 =item Locale bugs fixed
6844 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6846 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6848 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6850 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6854 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6856 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6857 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6858 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6859 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6860 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6861 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6862 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6863 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6864 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6865 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6866 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6867 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6868 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6869 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6870 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6871 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6872 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6873 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6874 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6875 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6876 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6877 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6878 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6879 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6880 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6881 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6882 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6883 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6884 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6885 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6886 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6887 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6888 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6889 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6890 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6891 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6892 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6893 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6894 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6895 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6896 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6897 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6898 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6899 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6900 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6901 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6902 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6903 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6904 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6905 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6909 =item Incompatible Changes
6913 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6915 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6916 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6917 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6918 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6919 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6920 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6921 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6922 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6923 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6924 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6925 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6927 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6929 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6931 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6933 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6935 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6939 =item Known Problems
6943 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6945 =item Known test failures
6947 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6949 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6951 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6953 =item Experimental features
6955 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6956 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6957 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6961 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6963 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6964 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6965 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6966 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6968 =item Reporting Bugs
6976 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6982 =item Core Enhancements
6986 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6988 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6990 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6992 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6994 =item "our" declarations
6996 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6998 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
7000 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
7002 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
7004 =item open() with more than two arguments
7006 =item 64-bit support
7008 =item Large file support
7014 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
7016 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
7018 =item File globbing implemented internally
7020 =item Support for CHECK blocks
7022 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
7024 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
7026 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
7028 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
7030 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
7032 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
7034 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
7036 =item Comments in pack() templates
7038 =item Weak references
7040 =item Binary numbers supported
7042 =item Lvalue subroutines
7044 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
7046 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
7048 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
7050 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
7052 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
7054 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
7056 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
7058 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
7060 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
7062 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
7064 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
7066 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
7068 =item Improved diagnostics
7070 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
7072 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
7074 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
7076 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
7078 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
7080 =item Improved security features
7082 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
7084 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
7086 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
7088 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
7090 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
7092 =item Optional Y2K warnings
7094 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
7098 =item Modules and Pragmata
7104 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
7105 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
7106 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
7107 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
7108 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
7109 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
7110 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
7111 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
7117 =item Utility Changes
7131 =item The Perl Debugger
7135 =item Improved Documentation
7137 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
7138 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
7139 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
7140 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
7142 =item Performance enhancements
7146 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
7148 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
7150 =item Faster subroutine calls
7152 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
7156 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7160 =item -Dusethreads means something different
7162 =item New Configure flags
7164 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
7170 =item -Duselargefiles
7172 =item installusrbinperl
7178 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
7182 =item Platform specific changes
7186 =item Supported platforms
7190 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
7198 =item Significant bug fixes
7202 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
7204 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
7206 =item All compilation errors are true errors
7208 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
7210 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
7212 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
7214 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
7216 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
7218 =item Failures in DESTROY()
7220 =item Locale bugs fixed
7224 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
7226 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
7228 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
7230 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
7234 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7236 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
7237 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
7238 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
7239 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
7240 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
7241 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
7242 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
7243 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
7244 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
7245 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
7246 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
7247 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
7248 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
7249 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
7250 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
7251 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
7252 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
7253 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
7254 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
7255 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
7256 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
7257 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
7258 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
7259 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
7260 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
7261 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
7262 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
7263 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
7264 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
7265 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
7266 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
7267 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
7268 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
7269 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
7270 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
7271 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
7272 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
7273 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
7274 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
7275 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
7276 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
7277 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
7278 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
7279 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
7280 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
7281 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
7282 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
7283 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
7284 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
7285 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
7289 =item Incompatible Changes
7293 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
7295 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
7296 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
7297 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
7298 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
7299 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
7300 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
7301 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
7302 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
7303 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
7304 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
7305 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
7307 =item C Source Incompatibilities
7309 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
7311 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
7313 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
7315 =item Binary Incompatibilities
7319 =item Known Problems
7323 =item Thread test failures
7325 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
7327 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
7329 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
7331 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
7334 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
7336 =item Arrow operator and arrays
7338 =item Experimental features
7340 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
7341 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
7342 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
7346 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7348 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
7349 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
7350 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
7351 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
7353 =item Reporting Bugs
7361 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
7367 =item About the new versioning system
7369 =item Incompatible Changes
7373 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
7375 =item Default installation structure has changed
7377 =item Perl Source Compatibility
7379 =item C Source Compatibility
7381 =item Binary Compatibility
7383 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
7385 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
7399 =item Regular Expressions
7401 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
7402 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
7403 improvements, Incompatible changes
7405 =item Improved malloc()
7407 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
7409 =item Reliable signals
7411 =item Reliable stack pointers
7413 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
7417 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
7419 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
7421 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
7423 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
7425 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
7427 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
7429 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
7431 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
7433 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
7435 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
7437 =item Better locale support
7439 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
7441 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
7443 =item Extended support for exception handling
7445 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
7447 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
7449 =item New C<INIT> keyword
7451 =item New C<lock> keyword
7453 =item New C<qr//> operator
7455 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
7457 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
7459 =item Tied handles support is better
7461 =item 4th argument to substr
7463 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
7465 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
7467 =item <> now reads in records
7471 =item Supported Platforms
7477 =item Changes in existing support
7481 =item Modules and Pragmata
7487 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
7488 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
7489 Thread, attrs, fields, re
7491 =item Changes in existing modules
7493 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
7494 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
7498 =item Utility Changes
7500 =item Documentation Changes
7502 =item New Diagnostics
7504 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
7505 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
7506 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
7507 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
7508 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
7509 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
7510 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
7511 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
7512 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
7513 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
7514 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
7515 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
7516 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
7517 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
7518 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
7519 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
7520 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
7522 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7524 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
7525 temporary file, regexp too big
7527 =item Configuration Changes
7537 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
7543 =item Supported Environments
7549 =item List assignment to %ENV works
7551 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
7553 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
7555 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
7557 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
7559 =item More precise warnings
7561 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
7563 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
7565 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
7567 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
7569 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
7571 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
7573 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
7575 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
7577 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
7579 =item Changes to tainting checks
7581 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
7582 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
7584 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
7586 =item Embedding improvements
7588 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
7590 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
7592 =item New and changed syntax
7596 =item New and changed builtin constants
7600 =item New and changed builtin variables
7604 =item New and changed builtin functions
7606 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
7607 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
7608 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
7609 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
7610 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
7612 =item New builtin methods
7614 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
7616 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
7618 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
7619 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
7621 =item Malloc enhancements
7623 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
7625 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
7629 =item Support for More Operating Systems
7645 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
7646 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
7652 =item Required Updates
7654 =item Installation directories
7656 =item Module information summary
7670 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
7674 =item Utility Changes
7680 Sends converted HTML to standard output
7684 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
7688 =item C Language API Changes
7690 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
7693 =item Documentation Changes
7695 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
7696 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
7698 =item New Diagnostics
7700 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
7701 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
7702 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
7703 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
7704 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
7705 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
7706 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
7707 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
7708 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
7709 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
7710 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
7711 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
7712 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
7713 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
7714 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
7715 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
7716 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
7717 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
7718 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
7719 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
7720 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
7721 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
7722 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
7723 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
7724 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
7734 =head2 perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License
7742 =item The "Artistic License"
7750 "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Reasonable
7751 copying fee", "Freely Available"
7755 a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)
7761 =head2 perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2
7773 =item GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
7777 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
7785 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
7789 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
7791 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
7793 =item The usenm option
7795 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
7797 =item Using Large Files with Perl
7803 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
7813 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7829 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7831 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7833 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7835 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7841 =item Accessing documentation
7845 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7847 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7849 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7851 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7855 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7859 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7861 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7863 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7865 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7867 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7871 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
7879 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
7889 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7897 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7899 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7903 =item Contact Information
7905 =item Update 2002-05-30
7911 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7921 =item gzip on BS2000
7923 =item bison on BS2000
7925 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7927 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7929 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7931 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7933 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7935 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7937 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7939 =item Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions
7957 =head2 perlce - Perl for WinCE
7969 Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's
7970 celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources
7974 go to ./wince subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run compile.bat, run
7979 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
7985 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7991 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7995 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7997 =item Cygwin Configuration
7999 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
8003 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
8007 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
8009 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
8011 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
8012 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
8014 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
8016 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
8017 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
8020 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
8022 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
8026 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
8030 =item Errors on Cygwin
8036 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
8040 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
8042 =item NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
8044 =item C<fork()> failures in io_* tests
8046 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
8048 Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, F<.exe>, C<chown()>, Miscellaneous
8052 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
8054 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
8056 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
8057 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
8059 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
8067 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
8079 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
8083 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
8085 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
8087 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
8089 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
8099 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
8109 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
8113 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
8115 =item Building Perl on DOS
8117 =item Testing Perl on DOS
8119 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
8123 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
8127 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
8129 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
8131 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
8133 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
8143 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
8151 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
8153 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
8157 =item Editors on Epoc
8159 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
8161 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
8163 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
8167 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
8175 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
8183 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
8185 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
8187 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
8195 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
8204 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
8206 =item Using perl from HP's porting centre
8208 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
8218 =item Itanium & Itanium 2
8220 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
8222 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
8224 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
8226 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
8228 =item The GNU C Compiler
8230 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
8232 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
8234 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
8236 =item Oracle on HP-UX
8238 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
8240 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
8242 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
8244 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
8248 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8256 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
8264 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
8272 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
8280 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
8282 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
8284 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
8286 =item Linker Problems in Irix
8288 =item Malloc in Irix
8290 =item Building with threads in Irix
8300 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
8309 =item Perl version 5.8.x and greater not supported
8311 =item Compiling Perl 5.6.x on MachTen
8313 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
8315 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
8317 =item Building external modules on MachTen
8327 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
8341 =head2 perlmacosx, README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X
8351 =item Installation Prefix
8353 =item libperl and Prebinding
8355 =item Updating Panther
8357 =item Known problems
8367 =item Starting From Scratch
8375 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
8381 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
8387 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
8395 =item Binary distribution from HP
8397 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
8399 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
8401 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
8403 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
8405 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
8407 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
8408 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
8410 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
8414 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
8416 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
8418 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
8420 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
8422 =item Perl/iX Change History
8428 =head2 perlnetware - Perl for NetWare
8442 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
8454 =item BUILD NEW EXTENSIONS
8456 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
8464 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
8484 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
8486 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
8488 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
8492 =item Frequently asked questions
8496 =item "It does not work"
8498 =item I cannot run external programs
8500 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
8503 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
8506 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
8508 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
8516 =item Automatic binary installation
8518 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
8520 =item Manual binary installation
8522 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
8523 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
8524 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
8525 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
8526 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
8532 =item Accessing documentation
8536 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
8544 =item GNU C<info> files
8556 =item The short story
8560 =item Getting perl source
8562 =item Application of the patches
8570 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
8573 =item Installing the built perl
8575 =item C<a.out>-style build
8579 =item Building a binary distribution
8581 =item Building custom F<.EXE> files
8585 =item Making executables with a custom collection of statically loaded
8588 =item Making executables with a custom search-paths
8596 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
8598 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
8600 =item Problems with tr or sed
8602 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
8604 =item Library ... not found
8606 =item Segfault in make
8608 =item op/sprintf test failure
8612 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
8616 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
8620 =item C<extproc> on the first line
8622 =item Additional modules:
8624 =item Prebuilt methods:
8626 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
8627 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
8628 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
8629 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
8630 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
8631 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
8632 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
8633 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
8634 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
8635 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
8636 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
8637 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
8639 =item Prebuilt variables:
8641 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
8648 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
8651 =item Identifying DLLs
8653 =item Centralized management of resources
8655 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
8656 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
8657 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
8658 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
8672 =item F<perl___.exe>
8674 =item Why strange names?
8676 =item Why dynamic linking?
8678 =item Why chimera build?
8686 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
8688 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
8690 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
8692 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
8694 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
8696 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
8704 =item Text-mode filehandles
8708 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
8710 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
8712 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
8715 =item DLL forwarder generation
8719 =item Calls to external programs
8721 =item Memory allocation
8725 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
8741 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
8754 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
8756 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
8758 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
8760 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
8762 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8764 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8766 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8768 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
8770 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8772 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
8782 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
8790 =head2 perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400
8798 =item Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE
8800 =item Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE
8802 =item Using Perl in OS/400 PASE
8804 =item Known Problems
8814 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
8824 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
8826 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
8828 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
8830 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
8834 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
8838 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
8850 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
8858 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
8860 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
8862 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
8864 =item QNX auxiliary files
8868 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
8876 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
8884 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
8890 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
8896 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
8898 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
8900 =item Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris
8904 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
8908 =item 64-bit perl on Solaris.
8910 =item Threads in perl on Solaris.
8912 =item Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.
8916 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
8918 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
8919 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
8920 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
8926 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
8928 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8932 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
8934 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
8938 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
8942 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
8944 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
8948 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
8950 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
8952 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
8964 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
8965 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
8973 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
8975 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
8977 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
8979 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
8981 =item DB_File tests failing on Tru64
8983 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
8985 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
8989 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
8991 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
8993 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
8999 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
9007 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
9009 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
9015 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
9025 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
9027 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
9029 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
9031 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
9033 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
9043 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
9049 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
9057 =item Organization of Perl Images
9063 =item Perl Extensions
9065 =item Installing static extensions
9067 =item Installing dynamic extensions
9071 =item File specifications
9077 =item Wildcard expansion
9083 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
9089 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
9091 =item Command line switches
9097 =item Perl functions
9099 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
9100 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
9101 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
9102 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
9104 =item Perl variables
9106 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
9108 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
9122 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
9128 =item BUILDING PERL FOR VOS
9130 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
9132 =item USING PERL IN VOS
9136 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
9138 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
9144 =item SUPPORT STATUS
9152 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
9162 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
9164 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
9165 SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW release 3 with gcc, MinGW release 1 with gcc
9169 =item Testing Perl on Win32
9171 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
9173 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
9175 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
9176 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
9177 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
9179 =item Running Perl Scripts
9181 Miscellaneous Things
9185 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
9187 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
9191 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
9192 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
9193 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
9201 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
9203 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
9215 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
9225 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
9226 data structures between threads
9238 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
9239 LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
9240 ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9252 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9261 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9262 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
9263 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
9267 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9273 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
9274 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
9276 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9282 =head2 assertions - select assertions in blocks of code
9294 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
9298 =head2 assertions::activate - activate assertions
9310 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
9314 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
9324 =item Built-in Attributes
9326 locked, method, lvalue
9328 =item Available Subroutines
9332 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
9334 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
9336 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
9344 =item Default exports
9346 =item Available exports
9348 =item Export tags defined
9358 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
9374 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time
9384 Base class package "%s" is empty
9394 =head2 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
9406 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
9410 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
9432 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
9444 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
9450 inf(), NaN(), upgrade()
9454 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
9472 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
9496 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
9497 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
9498 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
9499 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
9500 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
9510 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
9524 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
9539 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
9548 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
9550 =item CUSTOM ALIASES
9554 =item Anonymous hashes
9558 =item Alias shortcut
9562 =item charnames::viacode(code)
9564 =item charnames::vianame(name)
9568 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
9574 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
9586 =item List constants
9588 =item Defining multiple constants at once
9590 =item Magic constants
9594 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
9604 =head2 diagnostics, splain - produce verbose warning diagnostics
9614 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
9616 =item The I<splain> Program
9630 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
9640 =item Literal Conversions
9642 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
9644 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
9648 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
9650 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
9654 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
9655 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
9657 =item The Filter Option
9661 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
9671 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
9673 =item tr/// with ranges
9675 Legend of characters above
9679 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
9681 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
9683 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
9691 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
9705 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
9715 =item subpragma access
9721 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
9735 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
9746 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
9756 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
9766 =item Adding directories to @INC
9768 =item Deleting directories from @INC
9770 =item Restoring original @INC
9784 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
9795 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
9803 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
9805 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
9811 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
9823 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
9833 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
9835 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
9837 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
9839 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
9841 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
9843 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
9845 =item Overloadable Operations
9847 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
9848 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
9849 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
9851 =item Inheritance and overloading
9853 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
9854 is inherited by derived classes
9858 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
9866 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
9868 =item Copy Constructor
9874 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
9876 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
9877 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
9878 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
9881 =item Losing overloading
9883 =item Run-time Overloading
9885 =item Public functions
9887 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
9889 =item Overloading constants
9891 integer, float, binary, q, qr
9893 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9895 =item Metaphor clash
9901 =item Two-face scalars
9903 =item Two-face references
9905 =item Symbolic calculator
9907 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
9915 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
9916 type, `%s' is not a code reference
9922 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
9934 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
9936 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
9940 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
9944 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
9952 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
9964 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
9972 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
9978 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
9988 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
9989 structures between threads
10001 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
10002 LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
10003 ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
10015 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
10026 =item Utility functions
10028 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::downgrade($string[,
10029 FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), utf8::decode($string), $flag =
10030 utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)
10040 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
10050 =head2 version - Perl extension for Version Objects
10060 =item What IS a version
10062 Numeric Versions, Quoted Versions
10064 =item What about v-strings?
10066 =item Numeric Versions
10068 =item Quoted Versions
10070 =item Object Methods
10072 New Operator, qv(), Normal Form, Numification, Stringification, Comparison
10073 operators, Logical Operators
10077 =item Types of Versions Objects
10079 Ordinary versions, Alpha versions
10081 =item Replacement UNIVERSAL::VERSION
10093 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
10101 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
10105 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
10113 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
10114 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
10115 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
10116 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
10117 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
10121 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
10131 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
10133 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
10143 =item DBM Comparisons
10153 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
10163 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
10167 =item Typed lexicals
10169 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
10171 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
10173 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
10175 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
10183 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
10184 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
10185 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
10186 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
10187 be able to apply END handler>
10197 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
10207 =item Subroutine Stubs
10209 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
10211 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
10213 =item Package Lexicals
10215 =item Not Using AutoLoader
10217 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
10227 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
10235 $keep, $check, $modtime
10239 =item Multiple packages
10247 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
10257 =item Utility Functions
10261 =item Functions Returning C<B::SV>, C<B::AV>, C<B::HV>, and C<B::CV>
10264 sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av,
10265 check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv
10267 =item Functions for Examining the Symbol Table
10269 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)
10271 =item Functions Returning C<B::OP> objects or for walking op trees
10273 main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)
10275 =item Miscellaneous Utility Functions
10277 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
10278 perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
10282 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
10286 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
10288 =item B::SV Methods
10290 REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref
10292 =item B::IV Methods
10294 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
10296 =item B::NV Methods
10300 =item B::RV Methods
10304 =item B::PV Methods
10308 =item B::PVMG Methods
10312 =item B::MAGIC Methods
10314 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
10316 =item B::PVLV Methods
10318 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
10320 =item B::BM Methods
10322 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
10324 =item B::GV Methods
10326 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
10327 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
10329 =item B::IO Methods
10331 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
10332 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
10334 =item B::AV Methods
10336 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, AvFLAGS
10338 =item B::CV Methods
10340 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB,
10341 XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
10343 =item B::HV Methods
10345 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
10347 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
10349 =item B::OP Methods
10351 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
10353 =item B::UNOP METHOD
10357 =item B::BINOP METHOD
10361 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
10365 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
10369 =item B::PMOP Methods
10371 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
10372 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset
10374 =item B::SVOP METHOD
10378 =item B::PADOP METHOD
10382 =item B::PVOP METHOD
10386 =item B::LOOP Methods
10388 redoop, nextop, lastop
10390 =item B::COP Methods
10392 label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io
10400 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
10409 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
10415 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
10427 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10447 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
10459 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
10469 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
10479 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
10480 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
10481 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
10492 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
10502 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
10503 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
10504 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
10516 =item Context of ".."
10520 =item Deprecated features
10528 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
10542 =item Options for Opcode Ordering
10544 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>
10546 =item Options for Line-Style
10548 B<-concise>, B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
10550 =item Options for tree-specific formatting
10552 B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>
10554 =item Options controlling sequence numbering
10556 B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>
10558 =item Other options
10560 B<-main>, B<-nomain>, B<-nobanner>, B<-banner>, B<-banneris> => subref
10562 =item Option Stickiness
10566 =item ABBREVIATIONS
10570 =item OP class abbreviations
10572 =item OP flags abbreviations
10576 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
10580 =item Special Patterns
10582 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
10583 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
10588 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<#>I<Var>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
10589 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
10590 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
10591 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
10592 B<#seq>, B<#opt>, B<#static>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>,
10593 B<#svval>, B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
10597 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
10601 =item Example: Altering Concise Renderings
10605 =item set_style_standard($name)
10609 =item add_callback()
10611 =item Running B::Concise::compile()
10613 =item B::Concise::reset_sequence()
10623 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
10635 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
10645 B<-d>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
10646 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
10648 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
10658 =item ambient_pragmas
10660 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
10672 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
10684 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
10692 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
10694 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<bare-subs>,
10695 B<dollar-underscore>, B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>,
10696 B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
10698 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
10708 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
10718 =item IMPLEMENTATION
10726 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
10738 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
10750 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
10752 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
10764 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
10774 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
10782 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10802 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
10816 =item Standard Exports
10818 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
10819 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
10820 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
10822 =item Optional Exports
10824 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [
10825 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
10826 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
10828 =item :hireswallclock
10844 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
10848 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
10862 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
10874 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
10884 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
10896 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
10898 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
10900 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
10902 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
10904 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
10906 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
10908 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
10910 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
10912 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
10914 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
10916 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
10918 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
10920 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
10922 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
10924 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
10926 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
10928 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
10930 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
10931 B<:standard>, B<:all>
10935 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
10936 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
10939 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
10941 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
10942 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
10947 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
10951 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
10953 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
10955 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
10957 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
10959 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
10961 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
10963 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
10965 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
10966 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
10968 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
10972 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
10976 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
10978 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
10980 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
10982 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
10984 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
10986 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
10987 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
10989 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
10993 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
10997 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
10999 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
11001 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
11003 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
11007 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
11009 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
11011 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
11015 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
11017 =item CREATING AN OPTION GROUP
11019 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
11023 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
11027 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
11031 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
11035 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
11039 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
11041 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
11043 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
11047 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
11049 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
11050 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
11052 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
11058 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
11059 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
11061 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
11063 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
11064 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
11067 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
11073 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
11077 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
11079 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
11080 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
11081 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
11082 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
11083 B<virtual_port ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name
11084 ()>, B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
11086 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
11088 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
11093 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
11095 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
11097 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
11098 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
11100 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
11102 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11106 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
11107 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
11108 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
11109 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
11110 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
11111 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
11112 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
11113 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
11114 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
11115 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
11116 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
11117 ...and many many more..
11119 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
11127 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
11137 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11145 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
11154 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
11156 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
11160 =item Changing the default message
11164 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
11166 =item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
11174 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
11182 =item USING CGI::Cookie
11184 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
11188 =item Creating New Cookies
11190 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
11192 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
11194 =item Manipulating Cookies
11196 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
11200 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11208 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
11216 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
11218 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
11220 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
11222 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
11224 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
11226 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
11230 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11238 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
11248 =item Tags that won't be formatted
11250 =item Customizing the Indenting
11262 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
11270 =item USING CGI::Push
11272 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
11276 =item Heterogeneous Pages
11278 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
11282 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
11284 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11292 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
11302 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11310 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
11318 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11324 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
11336 =item Interactive Mode
11338 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
11339 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
11340 distribution, ls author, Signals
11348 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
11350 =item Programmer's interface
11352 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
11354 =item Methods in the other Classes
11356 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
11357 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
11358 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
11359 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
11360 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
11361 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
11362 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
11363 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
11364 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
11365 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
11366 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
11367 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
11368 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
11369 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
11370 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
11371 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
11372 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
11373 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
11374 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
11375 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
11376 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
11377 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
11378 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
11379 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
11380 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
11381 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
11383 =item Cache Manager
11387 =item Prerequisites
11389 =item Finding packages and VERSION
11393 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
11397 =item CONFIGURATION
11399 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
11400 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
11401 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
11402 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
11406 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
11408 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
11416 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
11418 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
11422 =item Three basic types of firewalls
11424 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
11426 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
11432 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
11444 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
11454 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
11467 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
11477 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
11485 =head2 Carp::Heavy - heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside
11487 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
11497 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
11498 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
11499 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
11501 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
11509 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
11519 =item The C<struct()> function
11521 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
11523 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
11525 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
11526 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
11528 =item Initializing with C<new>
11534 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
11536 =item Author and Modification History
11540 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
11548 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names)
11560 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
11564 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
11565 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
11566 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
11567 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
11571 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
11575 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
11576 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
11577 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
11578 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
11579 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
11580 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
11581 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
11585 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_aintl>, C<d_alarm>,
11586 C<d_archlib>, C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>,
11587 C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>,
11588 C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>,
11589 C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>,
11590 C<d_const>, C<d_copysignl>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>,
11591 C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>,
11592 C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>,
11593 C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>,
11594 C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>,
11595 C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>,
11596 C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>,
11597 C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_faststdio>, C<d_fchdir>,
11598 C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>,
11599 C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>,
11600 C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>,
11601 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>,
11602 C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>,
11603 C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>,
11604 C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>,
11605 C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>,
11606 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
11607 C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>, C<d_gethostent_r>,
11608 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getlogin_r>,
11609 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
11610 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>, C<d_getnetent_r>,
11611 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
11612 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
11613 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>, C<d_getprotobynumber_r>,
11614 C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
11615 C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>, C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>,
11616 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>,
11617 C<d_getservent_r>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>,
11618 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
11619 C<d_htonl>, C<d_ilogbl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>,
11620 C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
11621 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>,
11622 C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>,
11623 C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>,
11624 C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>,
11625 C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>,
11626 C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_modflproto>,
11627 C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>,
11628 C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>,
11629 C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>,
11630 C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>,
11631 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
11632 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
11633 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
11634 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
11635 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
11636 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
11637 C<d_pthread_attr_setscope>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
11638 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
11639 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
11640 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
11641 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
11642 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_scalbnl>, C<d_sched_yield>,
11643 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
11644 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
11645 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
11646 C<d_setgrent_r>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>,
11647 C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>,
11648 C<d_setnent>, C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
11649 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>,
11650 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
11651 C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
11652 C<d_setservent_r>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
11653 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
11654 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
11655 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
11656 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>,
11657 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
11658 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
11659 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
11660 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
11661 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>,
11662 C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>,
11663 C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
11664 C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
11665 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
11666 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
11667 C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>, C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>,
11668 C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
11669 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
11670 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
11671 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vendorscript>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
11672 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
11673 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
11674 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
11675 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
11676 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
11680 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
11681 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
11682 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
11683 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
11687 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
11688 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
11693 C<gccansipedantic>, C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>,
11694 C<getgrgid_r_proto>, C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>,
11695 C<gethostbyname_r_proto>, C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>,
11696 C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>, C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>,
11697 C<getprotobyname_r_proto>, C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>,
11698 C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>, C<getpwnam_r_proto>,
11699 C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>, C<getservbyport_r_proto>,
11700 C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>,
11701 C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<gmtime_r_proto>,
11702 C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
11706 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<html1dir>, C<html1direxp>,
11707 C<html3dir>, C<html3direxp>
11711 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
11712 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
11713 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
11714 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
11715 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
11716 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
11717 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
11718 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
11719 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
11720 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
11721 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
11722 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
11723 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
11724 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
11725 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
11726 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
11727 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
11728 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
11729 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installhtml1dir>,
11730 C<installhtml3dir>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>,
11731 C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
11732 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitehtml1dir>,
11733 C<installsitehtml3dir>, C<installsitelib>, C<installsiteman1dir>,
11734 C<installsiteman3dir>, C<installsitescript>, C<installstyle>,
11735 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
11736 C<installvendorhtml1dir>, C<installvendorhtml3dir>, C<installvendorlib>,
11737 C<installvendorman1dir>, C<installvendorman3dir>, C<installvendorscript>,
11738 C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
11742 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
11746 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
11747 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
11748 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
11749 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
11750 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
11751 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
11756 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
11757 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
11758 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
11762 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mistrustnm>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>,
11763 C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>,
11768 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
11769 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
11770 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
11771 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
11772 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
11776 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
11777 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
11781 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
11782 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
11786 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
11787 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
11788 C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>, C<privlibexp>,
11789 C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
11793 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
11797 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
11798 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
11799 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
11803 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
11804 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
11805 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
11806 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
11807 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
11808 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
11809 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
11810 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitehtml1dir>, C<sitehtml1direxp>, C<sitehtml3dir>,
11811 C<sitehtml3direxp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>,
11812 C<siteman1dir>, C<siteman1direxp>, C<siteman3dir>, C<siteman3direxp>,
11813 C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sitescript>, C<sitescriptexp>,
11814 C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>,
11815 C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>,
11816 C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>,
11817 C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>,
11818 C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>, C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>,
11819 C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>,
11820 C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>,
11821 C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>,
11822 C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
11826 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
11827 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
11832 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
11833 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
11834 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
11835 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<usefaststdio>,
11836 C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>,
11837 C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>,
11838 C<useposix>, C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>,
11839 C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>,
11840 C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>,
11845 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
11846 C<vendorhtml1dir>, C<vendorhtml1direxp>, C<vendorhtml3dir>,
11847 C<vendorhtml3direxp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>,
11848 C<vendorman1dir>, C<vendorman1direxp>, C<vendorman3dir>,
11849 C<vendorman3direxp>, C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<vendorscript>,
11850 C<vendorscriptexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
11851 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
11859 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
11871 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
11881 =item getcwd and friends
11883 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd, getdcwd
11885 =item abs_path and friends
11887 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
11901 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
11913 =item Global Variables
11915 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
11916 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
11921 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
11922 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
11924 =item Client Callback Methods
11926 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
11927 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
11928 CLIENT->output(LIST)
11938 =head2 DBM_Filter -- Filter DBM keys/values
11946 =item What is a DBM Filter?
11950 =item So what's new?
11958 =item $db->Filter_Push()
11960 =item $db->Filter_Key_Push()
11962 =item $db->Filter_Value_Push()
11964 Filter_Push, Filter_Key_Push, Filter_Value_Push
11966 =item $db->Filter_Pop()
11968 =item $db->Filtered()
11972 =item Writing a Filter
11976 =item Immediate Filters
11978 =item Canned Filters
11984 =item Filters Included
11986 utf8, encode, compress, int32, null
11992 =item Maintain Round Trip Integrity
11994 =item Don't mix filtered & non-filtered data in the same database file.
12006 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
12014 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
12018 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
12020 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
12022 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
12024 =item Default Parameters
12026 =item In Memory Databases
12034 =item A Simple Example
12042 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
12044 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
12046 =item The get_dup() Method
12048 =item The find_dup() Method
12050 =item The del_dup() Method
12052 =item Matching Partial Keys
12060 =item The 'bval' Option
12062 =item A Simple Example
12064 =item Extra RECNO Methods
12066 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
12067 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
12068 length, elements);>
12070 =item Another Example
12074 =item THE API INTERFACE
12076 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
12077 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
12078 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
12079 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
12083 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
12084 B<filter_fetch_value>
12090 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
12092 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
12096 =item HINTS AND TIPS
12100 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
12102 =item Safe ways to lock a database
12104 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
12106 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
12108 =item The untie() Gotcha
12112 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
12116 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
12118 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
12120 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
12122 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
12142 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
12143 printing and C<eval>
12155 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
12156 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
12157 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
12164 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
12190 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
12198 =item PROFILE FORMAT
12210 =head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability
12232 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
12242 =item Runtime debugging
12244 =item Memory footprint debugging
12252 =item A simple scalar string
12254 =item A simple scalar number
12256 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
12258 =item A reference to a simple scalar
12260 =item A reference to an array
12262 =item A reference to a hash
12264 =item Dumping a large array or hash
12266 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
12268 =item A reference to a subroutine
12282 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
12292 =head2 Digest - Modules that calculate message digests
12300 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
12304 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
12305 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset,
12306 $ctx->add( $data, ... ), $ctx->addfile( $io_handle ), $ctx->add_bits(
12307 $data, $nbits ), $ctx->add_bits( $bitstring ), $ctx->digest,
12308 $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
12318 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
12328 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
12332 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...),
12333 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->add_bits($data, $nbits),
12334 $md5->add_bits($bitstring), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
12346 =head2 Digest::base - Digest base class
12358 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
12370 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
12382 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
12383 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
12384 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
12389 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
12390 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
12396 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
12404 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
12405 @dl_modules, @dl_shared_objects, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(),
12406 dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(),
12407 dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(),
12408 dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()
12414 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
12425 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
12427 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
12431 =item Order of initialization: early load()
12435 =item The most hairy case
12445 =head2 Encode - character encodings
12453 =item Table of Contents
12465 =item PERL ENCODING API
12467 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
12468 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
12469 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
12474 =item Listing available encodings
12476 =item Defining Aliases
12480 =item Encoding via PerlIO
12482 =item Handling Malformed Data
12484 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
12485 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
12486 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
12487 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
12492 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
12496 =item Defining Encodings
12498 =item The UTF-8 flag
12500 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
12504 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
12506 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
12516 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
12524 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
12529 =item Alias overloading
12537 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
12551 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
12553 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
12569 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
12571 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
12573 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
12587 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
12597 =item Methods you should implement
12599 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
12600 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
12602 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
12604 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
12606 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
12610 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
12614 =item Compiled Encodings
12620 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
12624 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
12634 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
12635 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
12636 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
12646 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
12656 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
12664 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
12666 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
12668 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
12682 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
12684 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
12700 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
12706 =item How does it work?
12708 =item Line Buffering
12712 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
12720 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
12728 =item Encoding Names
12732 =item Supported Encodings
12736 =item Built-in Encodings
12738 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
12740 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
12742 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
12743 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
12745 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
12747 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
12748 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
12749 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
12751 =item Miscellaneous encodings
12753 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
12757 =item Unsupported encodings
12759 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
12760 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
12761 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
12762 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
12764 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
12766 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
12770 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
12772 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
12778 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
12779 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
12786 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
12787 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
12791 =item Other Notable Sites
12793 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
12794 "Introduction to i18n"
12796 =item Offline sources
12798 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
12804 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
12818 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
12834 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
12842 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
12844 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
12850 =item by endianness
12852 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
12856 =item Surrogate Pairs
12862 =head2 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding
12876 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
12885 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
12890 =item Alias overloading
12898 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
12899 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
12901 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
12904 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
12907 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
12908 Implementation Base Class
12918 =item Methods you should implement
12920 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
12921 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
12923 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
12925 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
12927 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
12931 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
12935 =item Compiled Encodings
12941 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
12945 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
12956 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
12957 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
12958 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
12968 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
12969 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
12971 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
12974 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
12977 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
12978 and 'Q' header encoding
12994 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
12995 on Encode and PerlIO
13001 =item How does it work?
13003 =item Line Buffering
13007 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
13015 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
13016 supported by Encode
13024 =item Encoding Names
13028 =item Supported Encodings
13032 =item Built-in Encodings
13034 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
13036 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
13038 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
13039 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
13041 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
13043 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
13044 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
13045 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
13047 =item Miscellaneous encodings
13049 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
13053 =item Unsupported encodings
13055 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
13056 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
13057 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
13058 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
13060 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
13062 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
13066 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
13068 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
13074 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
13075 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
13082 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
13083 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
13087 =item Other Notable Sites
13089 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
13090 "Introduction to i18n"
13092 =item Offline sources
13094 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
13100 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7
13115 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
13127 =item Predefined Methods
13129 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
13130 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
13131 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
13133 =item Example: base64 transcoder
13135 =item Operator Overloading
13143 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
13144 non-ascii or non-utf8
13154 =item Literal Conversions
13156 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
13158 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
13162 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
13164 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
13168 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
13169 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
13171 =item The Filter Option
13175 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
13185 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
13187 =item tr/// with ranges
13189 Legend of characters above
13193 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
13195 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
13197 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
13205 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
13217 =item Predefined Methods
13219 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
13220 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
13221 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
13223 =item Example: base64 transcoder
13225 =item Operator Overloading
13233 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
13246 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
13261 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
13277 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
13287 =item How to Export
13289 =item Selecting What To Export
13291 =item How to Import
13293 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
13297 =item Advanced features
13301 =item Specialised Import Lists
13303 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
13305 =item Exporting without inheriting from Exporter
13307 =item Module Version Checking
13309 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
13311 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
13313 =item Generating combined tags
13315 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
13321 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
13331 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
13352 mv source... destination
13354 cp source... destination
13374 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
13388 B<warn_if_old_packlist>
13390 B<perllocal_install>
13394 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
13404 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
13412 perl_stringify NAME
13416 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
13418 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
13422 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
13430 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
13433 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
13435 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
13437 WriteMakefileSnippet
13439 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
13440 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
13448 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
13460 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
13461 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
13471 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
13489 B<install_default> I<DISCOURAGED>
13501 B<PERL_INSTALL_ROOT>
13509 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
13521 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
13522 packlist(), version()
13530 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
13538 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
13539 dynamic extensions at load time
13545 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
13555 =item VMS implementation
13557 =item Win32 implementation
13565 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
13575 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods
13583 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
13591 blibdirs_target (o)
13595 =item File::Spec wrappers
13603 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
13619 makemakerdflt_target
13639 metafile_addtomanifest_target
13641 signature_addtomanifest_target
13645 =item Abstract methods
13647 oneliner, B<quote_literal>, B<escape_newlines>, max_exec_len,
13648 B<init_others>, init_DIRFILESEP, init_linker, init_platform,
13661 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13662 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13676 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13677 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13691 replace_manpage_separator (o)
13695 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13705 =item Overridden methods
13713 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13723 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13724 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13746 init_platform, platform_constants
13752 special_targets (o)
13762 clean_subdirs_target
13766 realclean_subdirs_target
13774 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13775 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13787 init_platform (o), platform_constants
13795 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13796 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13814 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13824 =item Overridden methods
13832 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13842 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13868 clean_subdirs_target
13880 dir_target B<DEPRECATED>
13930 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
13960 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
14004 post_initialize (o)
14018 realclean_subdirs_target
14020 replace_manpage_separator
14042 test_via_harness (override)
14044 test_via_script (override)
14068 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
14069 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
14079 =item Methods always loaded
14091 guess_name (override)
14095 find_perl (override)
14097 maybe_command (override)
14099 perl_script (override)
14101 replace_manpage_separator
14107 init_main (override)
14109 init_others (override)
14111 init_platform (override)
14115 init_VERSION (override)
14117 constants (override)
14123 const_cccmd (override)
14125 tool_sxubpp (override)
14127 tools_other (override)
14129 init_dist (override)
14139 dynamic_lib (override)
14141 dynamic_bs (override)
14143 static_lib (override)
14145 processPL (override)
14147 installbin (override)
14149 subdir_x (override)
14153 clean_subdirs_target
14155 realclean (override)
14157 zipfile_target (o), tarfile_target (o), shdist_target (o)
14159 dist_test (override)
14163 perldepend (override)
14165 makefile (override)
14167 find_tests (override)
14171 makeaperl (override)
14173 nicetext (override)
14175 prefixify (override)
14195 blibdirs_target (override)
14197 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
14198 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
14210 =item Overridden methods
14216 replace_manpage_separator
14226 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
14228 special_targets (o)
14250 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
14260 =item Overriden methods
14276 clean_subdirs_target
14278 realclean_subdirs_target
14290 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
14300 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
14310 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
14312 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
14320 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
14324 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
14326 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
14328 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
14330 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
14332 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
14333 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
14334 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN,
14335 FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB,
14336 INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
14337 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB,
14338 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH,
14339 INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR,
14340 INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
14341 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS,
14342 LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
14343 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT,
14344 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
14345 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW,
14346 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
14347 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
14348 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SIGN, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST,
14349 VERSION, VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
14351 =item Additional lowercase attributes
14353 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean,
14354 test, tool_autosplit
14356 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
14358 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
14360 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
14362 =item Hintsfile support
14364 =item Distribution Support
14366 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
14367 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
14368 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
14370 =item Module Meta-Data
14372 =item Disabling an extension
14374 =item Other Handy Functions
14382 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
14392 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About
14401 =item Module Installation
14403 How do I keep from installing man pages?, How do I use a module without
14406 =item Philosophy and History
14408 Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What is
14409 Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no
14410 shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft
14412 =item Module Writing
14414 How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's
14415 this F<META.yml> thing and how did it get in my F<MANIFEST>?!
14419 How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter
14420 Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same
14433 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker
14447 Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP,
14456 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version-agnostic bytes.pm
14466 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
14476 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
14514 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
14518 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
14526 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
14527 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
14531 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
14539 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
14551 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
14561 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
14570 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
14578 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
14590 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
14598 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
14608 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
14620 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
14630 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
14634 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
14642 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
14646 C<basename>, C<dirname>
14650 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
14664 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
14678 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
14688 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
14690 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
14702 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
14712 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
14724 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
14732 B<find>, B<finddepth>
14738 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
14739 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
14740 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
14742 =item The wanted function
14744 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
14745 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
14746 pathname to the file
14754 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
14758 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
14764 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
14772 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
14773 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
14774 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
14778 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
14786 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
14800 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
14810 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
14811 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
14812 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
14820 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
14832 file_name_is_absolute
14836 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
14856 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
14874 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
14902 file_name_is_absolute
14924 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
14936 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
14969 file_name_is_absolute
14991 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
15007 =item Methods always loaded
15009 canonpath (override)
15027 case_tolerant (override)
15031 file_name_is_absolute (override)
15033 splitpath (override)
15035 splitdir (override)
15049 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
15075 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
15085 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
15121 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
15135 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
15145 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
15153 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
15165 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
15167 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
15179 =item Temporary files and NFS
15191 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
15207 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
15215 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
15223 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
15231 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
15237 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
15251 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
15253 =item All-in-one interface
15255 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
15257 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
15260 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
15262 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
15263 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
15264 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
15266 described in the previous section.
15268 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
15270 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
15282 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
15292 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
15296 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
15298 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
15306 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
15308 =item Example 2: Using the context
15310 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
15312 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
15316 =item Filter::Simple
15324 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
15332 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
15344 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
15360 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
15368 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
15370 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
15374 =item Simple options
15376 =item A little bit less simple options
15378 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
15380 =item Options with values
15382 =item Options with multiple values
15384 =item Options with hash values
15386 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
15388 =item Options with multiple names
15390 =item Case and abbreviations
15392 =item Summary of Option Specifications
15394 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
15399 =item Advanced Possibilities
15403 =item Object oriented interface
15405 =item Thread Safety
15407 =item Documentation and help texts
15409 =item Storing options in a hash
15413 =item The lonesome dash
15415 =item Argument callback
15419 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
15421 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
15422 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
15423 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
15424 (default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help
15425 (default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
15426 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
15428 =item Exportable Methods
15430 VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage
15432 =item Return values and Errors
15438 =item Default destinations
15440 =item Alternative option starters
15442 =item Configuration variables
15446 =item Trouble Shooting
15450 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
15453 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
15455 =item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called
15457 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
15463 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15467 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt, getopts - Process single-character switches
15468 with switch clustering
15476 =item C<--help> and C<--version>
15480 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
15490 =item Restricted hashes
15492 lock_keys, unlock_keys
15498 lock_value, unlock_value
15500 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
15514 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
15525 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
15536 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
15538 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
15540 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
15542 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
15544 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
15546 the function super_languages($lang1)
15548 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
15550 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
15552 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
15554 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
15556 the function implicate_supers( ...languages... ), the function
15557 implicate_supers_strictly( ...languages... )
15561 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
15563 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
15573 =head2 I18N::LangTags::Detect - detect the user's language preferences
15593 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
15601 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
15603 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
15605 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} :
15606 Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} :
15607 Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian,
15608 {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)],
15609 {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic,
15610 {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy}
15611 : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} :
15612 Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} :
15613 Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae}
15614 : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} :
15615 Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai}
15616 : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} :
15617 Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} :
15618 Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber
15619 (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini,
15620 {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} :
15621 Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} :
15622 Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian
15623 (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central
15624 American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages],
15625 {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb}
15626 : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} :
15627 Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} :
15628 Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree,
15629 {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf}
15630 : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based
15631 Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} :
15632 Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} :
15633 Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru)
15634 Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri,
15635 {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch,
15636 {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi}
15637 : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} :
15638 English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
15639 (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} :
15640 Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat}
15641 : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} :
15642 Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French
15643 (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} :
15644 Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan,
15645 {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian,
15646 {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High
15647 German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon}
15648 : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient
15649 Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} :
15650 Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
15651 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
15652 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
15653 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo,
15654 {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European
15655 (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua
15656 (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} :
15657 Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} :
15658 Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian
15659 languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} :
15660 Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle,
15661 {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
15662 Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar}
15663 : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh,
15664 {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese,
15665 {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz,
15666 {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} :
15667 Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama,
15668 {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} :
15669 Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} :
15670 Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} :
15671 Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban
15672 (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui}
15673 : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai,
15674 {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili,
15675 {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} :
15676 Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} :
15677 Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} :
15678 Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai,
15679 [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} :
15680 Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} :
15681 Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)],
15682 {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple
15683 languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan,
15684 {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele,
15685 {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
15686 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
15687 {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} :
15688 Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} :
15689 Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi}
15690 : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} :
15691 Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
15692 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
15693 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
15694 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
15695 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
15696 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
15697 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
15698 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
15699 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
15700 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
15701 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} :
15702 Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami,
15703 [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} :
15704 Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak,
15705 {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian,
15706 {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign
15707 Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} :
15708 Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave
15709 (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian,
15710 {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} :
15711 Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} :
15712 South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} :
15713 Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati,
15714 {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} :
15715 Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao,
15716 {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} :
15717 Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} :
15718 Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau,
15719 {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian,
15720 {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} :
15721 Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh}
15722 : Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} :
15723 Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian,
15724 {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} :
15725 Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak}
15726 : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was}
15727 : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private
15728 Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} :
15729 Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd}
15730 : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu,
15735 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15741 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
15759 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15763 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
15775 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
15783 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
15784 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
15794 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
15804 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
15808 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
15816 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
15826 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
15830 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
15831 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
15832 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
15833 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
15845 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
15855 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
15859 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
15869 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
15879 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
15880 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
15890 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
15898 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
15899 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
15908 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
15918 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
15922 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
15923 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
15924 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
15934 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
15948 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
15949 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
15959 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
15975 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
15988 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
16002 hostpath(), peerpath()
16012 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
16021 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
16022 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
16032 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
16042 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
16046 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
16054 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
16065 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
16069 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
16070 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
16071 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
16072 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
16084 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
16094 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
16098 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
16108 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
16118 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
16119 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
16129 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
16138 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
16139 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
16148 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
16159 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
16163 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
16164 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
16165 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
16175 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
16190 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
16191 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
16201 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
16202 AF_INET domain sockets
16218 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
16231 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
16232 AF_UNIX domain sockets
16246 hostpath(), peerpath()
16256 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
16266 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
16267 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
16278 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
16292 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
16305 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
16315 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
16316 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
16317 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
16328 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
16346 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
16356 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
16357 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
16368 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
16379 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
16380 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
16381 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
16392 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
16400 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
16401 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
16405 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
16411 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
16412 general-utility list subroutines
16420 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
16421 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
16425 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
16431 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
16432 general-utility scalar subroutines
16440 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
16441 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
16442 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
16452 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
16460 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16464 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
16472 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
16480 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
16482 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16484 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
16485 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
16487 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16489 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
16491 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
16497 =item rename_country
16505 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16509 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
16510 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
16511 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
16512 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
16520 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
16521 identification (ISO 4217)
16531 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16533 code2currency(), currency2code()
16535 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16537 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
16541 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16545 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
16546 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
16554 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
16563 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16565 code2language(), language2code()
16567 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16569 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
16573 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16577 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
16578 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
16586 =head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization
16594 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
16600 =item Construction Methods
16602 =item The "maketext" Method
16604 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
16606 =item Utility Methods
16608 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
16609 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
16610 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
16611 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
16613 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
16617 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
16619 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
16621 =item BRACKET NOTATION
16623 =item AUTO LEXICONS
16625 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
16627 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
16631 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
16637 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
16645 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
16649 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
16651 =item The Linguistic View
16653 =item Breaking gettext
16655 =item Replacing gettext
16657 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
16659 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
16661 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
16663 =item Buzzword: Concision
16665 =item The Devil in the Details
16667 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
16675 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
16683 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
16687 =item SPECIAL CODES
16691 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16693 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
16694 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
16696 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16698 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
16702 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16706 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
16707 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
16715 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
16723 encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str)
16727 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
16737 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
16738 of quoted-printable strings
16746 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
16754 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
16763 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
16771 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
16781 =item Canonical notation
16785 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
16787 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
16791 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
16792 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
16800 =item Autocreating constants
16806 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
16814 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
16824 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
16856 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
16858 =item is_pos()/is_neg()
16860 $x->is_pos(); # true if >= 0
16861 $x->is_neg(); # true if < 0
16863 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
16949 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
16959 =item Rounding mode R
16961 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
16962 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
16963 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
16976 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
16984 =item Autocreating constants
16990 =item Alternative math libraries
16996 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
17004 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
17010 broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior
17015 bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling,
17016 Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types,
17027 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
17039 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
17043 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
17045 the same terms as Perl itself.
17053 =head2 Math::BigInt::CalcEmu - Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
17065 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
17067 the same terms as Perl itself.
17075 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rational numbers
17097 =item denominator()
17099 $d = $x->denominator();
17109 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
17117 =item is_positive()
17119 =item is_negative()
17143 inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented
17144 except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer, bmod(),
17145 blog(), bmodinv() and bmodpow() (partial)
17155 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
17168 =item STRINGIFICATION
17172 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
17178 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
17180 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
17188 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
17196 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
17202 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
17204 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
17208 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
17210 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
17214 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
17216 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
17218 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
17219 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
17223 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
17229 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
17239 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
17257 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
17259 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
17263 =item OTHER FACILITIES
17269 =item C<flush_cache>
17275 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
17277 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
17285 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17291 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
17300 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
17311 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
17323 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
17331 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
17339 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
17348 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
17357 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
17365 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
17373 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17379 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17383 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17387 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
17398 =item Enforcing redispatch
17400 =item Avoiding repetitions
17402 =item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call
17404 =item Using C<EVERY> methods
17410 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
17416 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
17426 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
17429 =item CLASS METHODS
17431 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
17432 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
17433 ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
17443 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
17453 requires_firewall HOST
17455 =item NetConfig VALUES
17457 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
17458 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
17459 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
17463 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
17472 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
17480 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
17492 new ([ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
17496 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
17497 site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
17498 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [,
17499 RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), alloc ( SIZE [, RECORD_SIZE] ), ls (
17500 [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ),
17501 put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE
17502 ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ),
17503 size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[
17504 BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ),
17505 stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (),
17506 pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique (
17507 SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ),
17512 =item Methods for the adventurous
17518 =item THE dataconn CLASS
17520 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
17521 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
17523 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
17525 B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
17527 =item REPORTING BUGS
17535 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/
17543 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
17553 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
17557 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
17558 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
17559 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
17560 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
17561 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
17562 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
17563 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
17567 =item Extension methods
17569 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
17570 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
17571 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
17572 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
17581 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
17591 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
17601 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] 0
17605 auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER
17606 [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), banner (), capa (), capabilities
17607 (), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [, FH ]
17608 ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ]
17609 ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
17621 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
17633 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos
17634 ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );,
17635 $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );,
17636 $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack(
17637 [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host
17654 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
17666 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] )
17670 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), host (), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth (
17671 USERNAME, PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ),
17672 send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient (
17673 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS, [...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]]
17674 ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ),
17675 data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [
17676 $subject ] ), quit ()
17688 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
17696 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
17697 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
17705 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
17722 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
17730 =item Where to get this document
17732 =item How to contribute to this document
17736 =item Author and Copyright Information
17744 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
17748 =item What is libnet ?
17750 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
17752 =item What other modules do I need ?
17754 =item What machines support libnet ?
17756 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
17760 =item Using Net::FTP
17764 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
17766 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
17768 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
17770 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
17773 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
17775 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
17777 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
17779 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
17781 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
17783 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
17786 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
17788 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
17791 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
17794 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
17798 =item Using Net::SMTP
17802 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
17805 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
17807 =item The verify method always returns true ?
17811 =item Debugging scripts
17815 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
17819 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
17823 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
17840 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
17855 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
17872 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
17880 =item THE .netrc FILE
17882 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
17887 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
17891 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
17901 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
17911 =item IMPLEMENTATION
17919 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
17927 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17933 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17937 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17941 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
17953 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
17955 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
17956 or optag, an operator set (opset)
17958 =item Opcode Functions
17960 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
17961 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
17962 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
17965 =item Manipulating Opsets
17967 =item TO DO (maybe)
17973 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
17975 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
17976 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
17977 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
17986 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
17995 a new namespace, an operator mask
18001 =item RECENT CHANGES
18003 =item Methods in class Safe
18005 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
18006 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
18007 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
18008 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
18010 =item Some Safety Issues
18012 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
18020 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
18033 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
18047 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
18048 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
18049 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
18050 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
18051 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
18052 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
18053 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
18054 fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
18055 geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid,
18056 getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha,
18057 isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace,
18058 isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime,
18059 log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
18060 memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice,
18061 offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
18062 putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
18063 rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
18064 setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
18065 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
18066 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
18067 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
18068 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
18069 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
18070 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
18071 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
18078 =item POSIX::SigAction
18080 new, handler, mask, flags, safe
18082 =item POSIX::SigSet
18084 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
18086 =item POSIX::Termios
18088 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
18089 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
18090 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
18091 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
18092 values, c_oflag field values
18096 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
18100 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
18104 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
18158 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
18159 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
18163 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
18172 :unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :mmap, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop, :win32
18176 =item Custom Layers
18180 =item Alternatives to raw
18182 =item Defaults and how to override them
18184 =item Querying the layers of filehandles
18194 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
18206 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO
18214 =item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE
18218 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
18226 =item EXPECTED METHODS
18228 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
18229 $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]),
18230 $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]),
18231 $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh),
18232 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
18233 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
18234 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
18235 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
18241 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
18247 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
18255 =item REQUIRED MODULES
18259 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
18265 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
18271 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
18277 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
18289 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
18290 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
18291 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
18292 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
18293 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
18294 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
18295 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
18296 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
18301 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
18302 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
18303 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
18304 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
18305 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
18306 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI<n> without preceding higher
18311 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
18312 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
18324 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
18326 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
18329 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
18331 C<$checker-E<gt>num_warnings()>
18333 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
18335 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
18337 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
18339 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
18347 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
18359 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
18361 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
18368 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
18374 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
18376 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
18383 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
18395 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
18405 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, hiddendirs, htmldir,
18406 htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot,
18407 quiet, recurse, title, verbose
18421 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
18434 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
18435 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
18441 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
18465 =item B<was_cutting()>
18471 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
18477 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
18483 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
18489 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
18495 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18501 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
18507 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
18513 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
18519 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
18525 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
18531 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
18537 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
18543 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
18549 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
18555 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
18561 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18567 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
18573 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
18579 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
18585 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
18591 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
18597 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
18603 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
18609 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
18615 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
18621 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
18627 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
18633 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18639 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
18651 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
18663 =item OBJECT METHODS
18671 =item Data Accessors
18687 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
18689 B<StartWithNewPage>
18703 =item Subclassed methods
18717 B<interior_sequence>
18733 =item Methods for headings
18741 =item Internal methods
18747 B<_replace_special_chars>
18749 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
18755 B<_clean_latex_commands>
18757 B<_split_delimited>
18773 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
18781 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
18786 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
18787 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
18788 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
18799 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18803 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
18815 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18819 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
18833 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
18841 $list-E<gt>indent()
18849 $list-E<gt>parent()
18855 =item Pod::Hyperlink
18857 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
18861 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
18863 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
18867 $link-E<gt>warning()
18869 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
18875 $link-E<gt>alttext()
18885 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
18891 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
18895 =item Pod::Cache::Item
18897 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
18901 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
18903 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
18905 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
18907 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
18909 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
18911 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
18913 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
18923 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
18935 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
18937 =item PARSING OPTIONS
18939 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
18940 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
18946 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
18954 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18960 =item B<verbatim()>
18962 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18968 =item B<textblock()>
18970 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18976 =item B<interior_sequence()>
18982 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
18994 =item B<initialize()>
19000 =item B<begin_pod()>
19006 =item B<begin_input()>
19012 =item B<end_input()>
19024 =item B<preprocess_line()>
19030 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
19036 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
19042 =item B<parse_text()>
19044 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
19045 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
19046 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
19052 =item B<interpolate()>
19058 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
19064 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
19070 =item B<parse_from_file()>
19076 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
19082 =item B<errorsub()>
19094 =item B<parseopts()>
19100 =item B<output_file()>
19106 =item B<output_handle()>
19112 =item B<input_file()>
19118 =item B<input_handle()>
19124 =item B<input_streams()>
19130 =item B<top_stream()>
19136 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
19142 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
19148 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
19154 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
19162 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors
19172 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19178 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
19190 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19196 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
19208 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19214 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
19224 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19230 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
19240 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19246 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
19258 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19264 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
19278 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML
19288 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19294 =head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
19302 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
19306 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
19307 Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
19319 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
19339 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
19352 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
19354 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
19360 =item OBJECT METHODS
19366 =item B<curr_headings()>
19378 =item B<add_selection()>
19384 =item B<clear_selections()>
19390 =item B<match_section()>
19396 =item B<is_selected()>
19402 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
19408 =item B<podselect()>
19410 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
19416 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
19422 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
19428 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
19434 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
19446 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
19454 alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width
19458 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
19459 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
19460 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
19471 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19475 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
19489 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19493 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
19508 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19512 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
19527 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19531 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
19540 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
19549 =item Recommended Use
19557 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
19561 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
19569 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
19575 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
19579 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
19583 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
19591 a new namespace, an operator mask
19597 =item RECENT CHANGES
19599 =item Methods in class Safe
19601 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
19602 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
19603 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
19604 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
19606 =item Some Safety Issues
19608 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
19616 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
19624 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
19625 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
19626 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
19636 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
19646 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
19656 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
19666 =item The __DATA__ token
19668 =item SelfLoader autoloading
19670 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
19672 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
19674 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
19676 =item Classes and inherited methods.
19680 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
19684 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
19696 =item Escaping Magic Characters
19698 =item Configuration
19708 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
19709 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
19717 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
19718 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
19719 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
19720 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
19721 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
19725 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
19735 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
19739 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
19741 =item CODE REFERENCES
19743 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
19745 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
19747 =item ERROR REPORTING
19755 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
19760 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
19761 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
19769 =item Storable magic
19779 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
19791 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
19805 =item Allowing fall-through
19807 =item Automating fall-through
19809 =item Alternative syntax
19811 =item Higher-order Operations
19827 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
19839 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
19851 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
19852 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19860 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19861 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19862 in 5.004_02), closelog
19872 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
19873 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19881 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19882 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19883 in 5.004_02), closelog
19893 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
19903 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
19904 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
19905 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
19909 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
19919 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19923 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
19939 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
19941 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
19943 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
19945 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
19953 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19961 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
19969 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
19979 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
19980 If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
19988 =item Minimal set of supported functions
19990 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, C<OUT>, C<MinLine>,
19991 C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
19993 =item Additional supported functions
19995 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
20005 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
20013 =item QUICK START GUIDE
20019 C<plan(...)>, C<tests =E<gt> I<number>>, C<todo =E<gt> [I<1,5,14>]>,
20020 C<onfail =E<gt> sub { ... }>, C<onfail =E<gt> \&some_sub>
20030 C<skip(I<skip_if_true>, I<args...>)>
20036 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
20040 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
20052 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
20072 =item Setting up tests
20090 =item Running tests
20096 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
20098 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
20124 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
20136 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
20140 =item Test Status and Info
20174 =head2 Test::Harness - Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
20190 =item The test script output
20192 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
20193 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
20198 =item Configuration variables.
20200 B<$Test::Harness::Verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
20204 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
20231 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
20232 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
20233 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
20234 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
20238 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
20239 C<HARNESS_DEBUG>, C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>,
20240 C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_OK_SLOW>, C<HARNESS_PERL>,
20241 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
20261 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
20287 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
20305 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
20343 =item C<analyze_fh>
20349 =item C<analyze_file>
20355 =item C<_command_line( $file )>
20373 =item C<_cleaned_switches>
20379 =item C<_INC2PERL5LIB>
20385 =item C<_filtered_INC>
20391 =item C<_restore_PERL5LIB>
20401 =item C<_is_comment>
20409 =item C<_is_header>
20421 =item C<_is_bail_out>
20427 =item C<_reset_file_state>
20437 =item C<_detailize>
20453 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
20463 =item I love it when a plan comes together
20473 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
20513 =item Conditional tests
20519 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
20521 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
20525 =item Comparison functions
20539 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
20549 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
20551 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
20564 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
20588 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
20597 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
20605 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
20607 =item Where to start?
20611 =item Test the manual
20613 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
20615 =item Testing lots of values
20617 =item Informative names
20619 =item Skipping tests
20623 =item Testing with taint mode.
20635 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
20647 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
20657 =item General behaviour in list contexts
20661 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
20663 =item A note about prefixes
20665 =item C<extract_delimited>
20667 =item C<extract_bracketed>
20669 =item C<extract_variable>
20673 =item C<extract_tagged>
20675 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
20676 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
20678 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
20680 =item C<extract_quotelike>
20682 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
20684 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
20686 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
20688 =item C<extract_codeblock>
20690 =item C<extract_multiple>
20692 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
20698 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
20699 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
20700 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
20701 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
20702 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
20703 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
20704 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
20705 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
20706 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
20707 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
20708 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
20709 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
20714 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
20720 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
20735 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
20752 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
20767 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
20783 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
20795 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
20796 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
20797 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
20801 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
20809 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
20817 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20819 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
20825 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
20833 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20835 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
20839 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
20854 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
20864 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
20872 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
20873 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
20874 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
20875 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
20883 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
20903 =item Option Format
20907 =item Public Methods
20915 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
20921 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
20923 =item Deferred Writing
20927 =item Autodeferring
20931 =item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES
20937 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
20951 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
20960 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
20961 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
20962 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
20963 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
20965 =item MORE INFORMATION
20967 =item COMPATIBILITY
20971 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
20980 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
20981 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR
20984 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
20986 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
20988 =item C<SCALAR>, C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
20990 =item MORE INFORMATION
20994 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
21002 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
21012 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
21030 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
21039 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
21041 =item MORE INFORMATION
21045 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
21057 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
21066 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
21067 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
21068 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer (
21069 $which, $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer (
21080 =item negative time not invented yet
21082 =item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...)
21090 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21094 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
21104 =item Ambiguous Local Times (DST)
21106 =item Non-Existent Local Times (DST)
21108 =item Negative Epoch Values
21112 =item IMPLEMENTATION
21122 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
21137 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
21152 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
21164 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
21172 C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<isa( VAL, TYPE )>,
21173 C<TYPE>, C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, C<VAL>, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<<
21174 CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>, C<can( VAL, METHOD )>, C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )>
21180 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
21190 =item Constructor and Tailoring
21192 UCA_Version, backwards, entry, hangul_terminator, ignoreName, ignoreChar,
21193 level, normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange,
21194 table, undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower,
21195 variable, alternate
21197 =item Methods for Collation
21199 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
21200 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
21201 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
21202 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
21203 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
21204 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
21205 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>
21207 =item Methods for Searching
21209 C<$position = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[, $position])>,
21210 C<($position, $length) = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[,
21211 $position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>,
21212 C<($match) = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>, C<@match =
21213 $Collator-E<gt>gmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count =
21214 $Collator-E<gt>subst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count =
21215 $Collator-E<gt>gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>
21217 =item Other Methods
21219 C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-E<gt>change(%new_tailoring)>, C<$version =
21220 $Collator-E<gt>version()>, C<UCA_Version()>, C<Base_Unicode_Version()>
21226 =item Conformance Test
21234 Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Collation
21235 Element Table (DUCET), The conformance test for the UCA, Hangul Syllable
21236 Type, Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15, L<Unicode::Normalize>
21240 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
21250 =item Normalization Forms
21252 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
21253 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
21254 C<$FCD_string = FCD($string)>, C<$FCC_string = FCC($string)>,
21255 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
21257 =item Decomposition and Composition
21259 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
21260 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
21261 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
21265 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
21266 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
21267 checkFCD($string)>, C<$result = checkFCC($string)>, C<$result =
21268 check($form_name, $string)>
21270 =item Character Data
21272 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
21273 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
21274 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
21275 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
21276 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
21277 C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
21278 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
21288 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/,
21289 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt,
21290 http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5/
21294 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
21336 =item Blocks versus Scripts
21338 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
21340 =item Code Point Arguments
21366 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
21372 =item Implementation Note
21384 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
21399 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
21410 =item System Specifics
21424 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
21434 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
21436 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
21440 =item Order of initialization: early load()
21444 =item The most hairy case
21454 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
21456 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
21457 don't all have manual pages yet:
21491 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob