4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
20 Many usability enhancements, Simplified grammar, Lexical scoping,
21 Arbitrarily nested data structures, Modularity and reusability,
22 Object-oriented programming, Embeddable and Extensible, POSIX compliant,
23 Package constructors and destructors, Multiple simultaneous DBM
24 implementations, Subroutine definitions may now be autoloaded, Regular
25 expression enhancements, Innumerable Unbundled Modules, Compilability
41 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1997/04/24
46 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
47 About Perl, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl, L<perlfaq3>:
48 Programming Tools, L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, L<perlfaq5>: Files and
49 Formats, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues,
50 L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, L<perlfaq9>: Networking
54 =item Where to get this document
56 =item How to contribute to this document
58 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
65 =item Author and Copyright Information
69 =item Noncommercial Reproduction
71 =item Commercial Reproduction
79 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
80 Initial Release: 11/March/97
82 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date:
83 1997/04/24 22:43:34 $)
91 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
93 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
95 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
97 =item How stable is Perl?
99 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
101 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
104 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
106 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
108 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
110 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
112 =item What is a JAPH?
114 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
116 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
117 (5/5.004/Perl instead of some other language)?
121 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
123 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.16 $,
124 $Date: 1997/04/23 18:04:09 $)
130 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
132 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
134 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
136 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
139 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
140 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
142 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
143 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
145 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
147 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
149 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?
151 =item Where should I post source code?
155 =item Perl in Magazines
157 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
159 =item What mailing lists are there for perl?
161 MacPerl, Perl5-Porters, NTPerl, Perl-Packrats
163 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
167 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
169 =item Where do I send bug reports?
171 =item What is perl.com? perl.org? The Perl Institute?
173 =item How do I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
177 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
179 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
186 =item How do I do (anything)?
188 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
190 =item Is there a Perl shell?
192 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
194 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
196 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
198 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
200 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
202 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
204 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
206 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
208 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
210 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
212 =item Can I dynamically load C routines into Perl?
214 =item What is undump?
216 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
218 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
220 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
222 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
224 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
226 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
228 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
230 =item How can I get '#!perl' to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
232 =item Can I write useful perl programs on the command line?
234 =item Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
236 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
238 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
240 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
242 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
243 my C program, what am I doing wrong?
245 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
248 =item What's MakeMaker?
252 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
254 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.19 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
263 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
264 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
266 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
268 =item Does perl have a round function? What about ceil() and floor()?
271 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
273 =item How do I multiply matrices?
275 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
277 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
279 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
287 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
289 =item How can I compare two date strings?
291 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
293 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
295 =item Does Perl have a year 2000 problem?
303 =item How do I validate input?
305 =item How do I unescape a string?
307 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
309 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
311 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
313 =item How do I reverse a string?
315 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
317 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
319 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
321 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
323 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
326 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
328 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
329 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
331 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
333 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
335 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
337 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
339 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
341 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
343 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
344 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
353 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
355 =item How can I extract just the unique elements of an array?
357 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:, b) If you don't know
358 whether @in is sorted:, c) Like (b), but @in contains only small integers:,
359 d) A way to do (b) without any loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in
360 contains only small positive integers:
362 =item How can I tell whether an array contains a certain element?
364 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
365 intersection of two arrays?
367 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
369 =item How do I handle linked lists?
371 =item How do I handle circular lists?
373 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
375 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
377 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
379 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
381 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
383 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
385 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
389 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
393 =item How do I process an entire hash?
395 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
398 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
400 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
402 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
404 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
406 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
408 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
410 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
412 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
414 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
416 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
418 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
421 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
422 array of hashes or arrays?
424 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
432 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
434 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
436 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
438 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
440 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
442 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
446 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
448 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
455 =item How do I flush/unbuffer a filehandle? Why must I do this?
457 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
458 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
460 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
462 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
464 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
466 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
467 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
469 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
471 =item How can I write() into a string?
473 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
475 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
477 =item How come when I open the file read-write it wipes it out?
479 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
481 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
483 =item How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>" or trailing blanks?
485 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
487 =item How can I lock a file?
489 =item What can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
491 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
492 the file. How can I do this?
494 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
496 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
498 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
500 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
502 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
504 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
506 =item How can I tell if there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
508 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
510 =item How do I create a file only if it doesn't exist?
512 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
514 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
516 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
518 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
519 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
521 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
523 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
524 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
526 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
530 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
532 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexps ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:10 $)
538 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
539 and unmaintainable code?
541 Comments Outside the Regexp, Comments Inside the Regexp, Different
544 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
546 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
549 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
551 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
554 =item How can I make C<\w> match accented characters?
556 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
558 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regexp?
560 =item What is C</o> really for?
562 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
565 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
567 =item What does it mean that regexps are greedy? How can I get around it?
569 =item How do I process each word on each line?
571 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
573 =item How can I do approximate matching?
575 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
577 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
579 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
581 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
583 =item Are Perl regexps DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
585 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
587 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
591 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
593 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date:
594 1997/04/24 22:44:14 $)
600 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
602 =item What are all these $@%* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
605 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
608 =item How do I skip some return values?
610 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
612 =item What's an extension?
614 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
616 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
618 =item How do I create a module?
620 =item How do I create a class?
622 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
624 =item What's a closure?
626 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
628 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
631 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexps,
634 =item How do I create a static variable?
636 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
637 Between local() and my()?
639 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
642 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
644 =item Why doesn't "local($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
646 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
648 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
650 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
652 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
654 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
656 =item How can I find out my current package?
658 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
662 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
664 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.21 $, $Date: 1997/04/24
671 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
673 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
675 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
677 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
679 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
681 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
683 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
685 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
687 =item How do I start a process in the background?
689 STDIN, STDOUT and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
691 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
693 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
695 =item How do I set the time and date?
697 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
699 =item How can I measure time under a second?
701 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
703 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
704 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
706 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
708 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
710 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
712 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
714 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
716 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
718 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
720 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
722 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
724 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
727 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
729 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
731 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
733 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
736 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
737 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
738 changes to be visible?
742 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
745 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
747 =item How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
749 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
751 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
753 =item How do I set CPU limits?
755 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
757 =item How do I use an SQL database?
759 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
761 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
763 =item How do I install a CPAN module?
765 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
767 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
770 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
774 =item How do I get one key from the terminal at a time, under POSIX?
776 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
778 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 1997/04/24 22:44:29
785 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. Can
788 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
790 =item How do I extract URLs?
792 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
793 file on another machine?
795 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
797 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
799 =item how do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
801 =item How do I redirect to another page?
803 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
805 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
807 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
808 CGI script to do bad things?
810 =item How do I parse an email header?
812 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
814 =item How do I check a valid email address?
816 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
818 =item How do I return the user's email address?
820 =item How do I send/read mail?
822 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
824 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
826 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
828 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
832 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
834 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
838 =item Supported Environments
844 =item List assignment to %ENV works
846 =item "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error now lists @INC
848 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
850 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
852 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
854 =item More precise warnings
856 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
858 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
860 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
862 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
864 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
866 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
868 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
870 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
872 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
874 =item Changes to tainting checks
876 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
877 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
879 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
881 =item Embedding improvements
883 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
885 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
887 =item New and changed syntax
891 =item New and changed builtin constants
895 =item New and changed builtin variables
899 =item New and changed builtin functions
901 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
902 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
903 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
904 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
905 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
907 =item New builtin methods
909 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
911 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
913 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
914 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
916 =item Malloc enhancements
918 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
920 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
924 =item Support for More Operating Systems
940 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
941 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
947 =item Required Updates
949 =item Installation directories
951 =item Module information summary
965 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
969 =item Utility Changes
975 Sends converted HTML to standard output
979 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
983 =item C Language API Changes
985 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
988 =item Documentation Changes
990 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
991 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
993 =item New Diagnostics
995 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
996 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
997 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
998 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
999 Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s
1000 ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s'
1001 in package `%s', Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s
1002 undefined, Copy method did not return a reference, Died, Exiting
1003 pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long, Illegal character %s (carriage
1004 return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex number,
1005 Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Invalid
1006 conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack:
1007 '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in
1008 formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during
1009 request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in qw()
1010 list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s}
1011 better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s'
1012 overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for "B<-T>" option, untie
1013 attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character %s,
1014 Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is
1015 deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" may
1016 be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: something's
1017 wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from
1018 DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process
1027 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1033 =item Variable names
1039 =item Scalar value constructors
1041 =item List value constructors
1043 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1047 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1055 =item Simple statements
1057 =item Compound statements
1065 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1069 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1071 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1075 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1083 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1085 =item The Arrow Operator
1087 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1089 =item Exponentiation
1091 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1093 =item Binding Operators
1095 =item Multiplicative Operators
1097 =item Additive Operators
1099 =item Shift Operators
1101 =item Named Unary Operators
1103 =item Relational Operators
1105 =item Equality Operators
1109 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1111 =item C-style Logical And
1113 =item C-style Logical Or
1115 =item Range Operator
1117 =item Conditional Operator
1119 =item Assignment Operators
1121 =item Comma Operator
1123 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1129 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
1131 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1133 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1135 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1137 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1139 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1140 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1141 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1142 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
1146 =item Constant Folding
1148 =item Integer Arithmetic
1150 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1154 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1162 =item Regular Expressions
1164 C<(?#text)>, C<(?:regexp)>, C<(?=regexp)>, C<(?!regexp)>, C<(?<=regexp)>,
1165 C<(?<!regexp)>, C<(?{ code })>, C<(?E<gt>regexp)>,
1166 C<(?(condition)yes-regexp|no-regexp)>, C<(?(condition)yes-regexp)>,
1171 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1173 =item WARNING on \1 vs $1
1179 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
1187 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
1189 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh
1193 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<letters>,
1194 B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
1195 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
1196 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
1197 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
1198 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-x> I<directory>
1204 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
1205 (specific to WIN32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
1207 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1211 I<THERE IS NO GENERAL RULE FOR CONVERTING A LIST INTO A SCALAR!>
1215 =item Perl Functions by Category
1217 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1218 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1219 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1220 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1221 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1222 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1223 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1224 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1225 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1226 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1229 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1231 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1232 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1233 binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
1234 chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
1235 chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
1236 close FILEHANDLE, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK,
1237 cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE,
1238 defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do
1239 SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (),
1240 eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR,
1241 exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
1242 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
1243 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
1244 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
1245 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
1246 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
1247 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
1248 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
1249 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
1250 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
1251 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
1252 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
1253 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
1254 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
1255 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst
1256 EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
1257 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, log EXPR, log, lstat
1258 FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir
1259 FILENAME,MODE, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS,
1260 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST,
1261 oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
1262 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, pipe
1263 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
1264 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
1265 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
1266 qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read
1267 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir
1268 DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv
1269 SOCKET,SCALAR,LEN,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
1270 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR,
1271 return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION,
1272 rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek
1273 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE,
1274 select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1275 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send
1276 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY,
1277 setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl
1278 ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite
1279 ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR, sleep,
1280 socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1281 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1282 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1283 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
1284 split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
1285 srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
1286 sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LEN, substr EXPR,OFFSET,
1287 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,
1288 sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1289 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1290 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, syswrite
1291 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, tell
1292 FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
1293 VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
1294 EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
1295 EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE,
1296 unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST,
1297 use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1298 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
1302 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1308 =item Predefined Names
1310 $ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digit>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1311 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE
1312 EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
1313 $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH,
1314 $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1315 output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\,
1316 $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1317 format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1318 format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1319 format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, format_name HANDLE
1320 EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1321 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1322 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1323 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1324 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1325 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1326 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
1327 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
1328 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, $^S,
1329 $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC,
1330 @_, %INC, %ENV $ENV{expr}, %SIG $SIG{expr}
1334 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1342 =item Private Variables via my()
1344 =item Temporary Values via local()
1346 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1348 =item Pass by Reference
1352 =item Constant Functions
1354 =item Overriding Builtin Functions
1362 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
1372 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
1382 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
1386 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
1390 =item Pragmatic Modules
1392 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), blib, diagnostics, integer, less,
1393 lib, locale, ops, overload, sigtrap, strict, subs, vmsish, vars
1395 =item Standard Modules
1397 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, Benchmark, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
1398 CPAN::Nox, Carp, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber,
1399 DirHandle, DynaLoader, English, Env, Exporter, ExtUtils::Embed,
1400 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
1401 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
1402 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal,
1403 Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy,
1404 File::Find, File::Path, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin,
1405 GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::File,
1406 IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IPC::Open2,
1407 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig,
1408 NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent,
1409 Net::servent, Opcode, Pod::Text, POSIX, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict,
1410 SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog,
1411 Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev,
1412 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Hash,
1413 Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
1414 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
1416 =item Extension Modules
1422 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
1423 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
1424 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
1425 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
1426 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
1427 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
1428 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
1429 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
1430 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
1431 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
1432 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
1433 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
1434 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America,
1437 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1441 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
1443 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
1444 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
1445 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
1446 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
1447 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
1448 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
1449 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
1450 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
1451 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
1452 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
1453 care when changing a released module
1455 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
1457 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
1458 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
1459 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
1460 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
1462 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
1464 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
1465 applications contain some perl code which could be reused, Break-out the
1466 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
1467 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
1468 can then be reduced to a small
1474 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1480 =item Format Variables
1490 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1496 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1501 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1507 =item The use locale pragma
1509 =item The setlocale function
1511 =item The localeconv function
1515 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1519 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1521 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1523 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1525 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1529 =item Other categories
1535 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
1536 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or <\U>),
1537 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
1538 B<In-memory formatting function> (sprintf()):, B<Output formatting
1539 functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping functions> (lc(),
1540 lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent functions>
1541 (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX character class
1542 tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(), islower(), isprint(),
1543 ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
1548 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC,
1555 =item Backward compatibility
1557 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1559 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1561 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1563 =item Freely available locale definitions
1567 =item An imperfect standard
1575 =item Broken systems
1583 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1589 =item Symbolic references
1591 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1599 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
1603 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
1604 more elaborate constructs
1608 =item COMMON MISTAKES
1610 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
1612 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
1618 =item LISTS OF LISTS
1622 =item Declaration of a LIST OF LISTS
1624 =item Generation of a LIST OF LISTS
1626 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF LISTS
1630 =item HASHES OF LISTS
1634 =item Declaration of a HASH OF LISTS
1636 =item Generation of a HASH OF LISTS
1638 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF LISTS
1642 =item LISTS OF HASHES
1646 =item Declaration of a LIST OF HASHES
1648 =item Generation of a LIST OF HASHES
1650 =item Access and Printing of a LIST OF HASHES
1654 =item HASHES OF HASHES
1658 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
1660 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
1662 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
1666 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1670 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
1672 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1674 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
1684 =head2 perllol, perlLoL - Manipulating Lists of Lists in Perl
1688 =item Declaration and Access of Lists of Lists
1690 =item Growing Your Own
1692 =item Access and Printing
1700 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1704 =item Creating a Class
1708 =item Object Representation
1710 =item Class Interface
1712 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1714 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1718 =item Other Object Methods
1726 =item Accessing Class Data
1728 =item Debugging Methods
1730 =item Class Destructors
1732 =item Documenting the Interface
1742 =item Overridden Methods
1744 =item Multiple Inheritance
1746 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1750 =item Alternate Object Representations
1754 =item Arrays as Objects
1756 =item Closures as Objects
1760 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1764 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1766 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1770 =item Metaclassical Tools
1776 =item Data Members as Variables
1780 =item Object Terminology
1790 =item Acknowledgments
1794 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1800 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1802 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1804 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1806 =item Method Invocation
1808 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1810 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1818 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1824 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1834 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
1838 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1843 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1844 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1845 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
1847 =item Tying FileHandles
1849 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
1850 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
1852 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1862 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1866 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1868 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1870 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1872 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1874 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1876 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1878 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1880 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1882 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1884 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1888 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1889 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1897 =item Using open() for IPC
1903 =item Background Processes
1905 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1907 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1909 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1913 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1917 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1919 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1923 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1927 =item A Simple Client
1929 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1931 =item A Webget Client
1933 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1937 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1939 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1941 =item UDP: Message Passing
1953 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
1957 =item The Perl Debugger
1961 =item Debugger Commands
1963 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
1964 [expr], E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
1965 subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
1966 t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
1967 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
1968 command, A, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?].., C<recallCommand>,
1969 C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>,
1970 C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet>,
1971 C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>,
1972 C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
1973 C<DumpPackages>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>,
1974 C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ], E<lt>E<lt> command,
1975 E<gt> command, E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, !
1976 -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd,
1977 command, m expr, m package
1979 =item Debugger input/output
1981 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
1983 =item Debugging compile-time statements
1985 =item Debugger Customization
1987 =item Readline Support
1989 =item Editor Support for Debugging
1991 =item The Perl Profiler
1993 =item Debugger support in perl
1995 =item Debugger Internals
1997 =item Other resources
2003 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2007 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2013 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2015 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2017 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2021 =item Protecting Your Programs
2025 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
2041 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
2043 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
2044 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
2045 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
2046 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
2048 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
2050 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
2051 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
2052 Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
2056 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
2058 =item Numerical Traps
2060 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical
2062 =item General data type traps
2064 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants),
2065 (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
2067 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
2069 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
2071 =item Precedence Traps
2073 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence
2075 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
2077 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
2078 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
2079 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
2081 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
2083 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
2089 =item Interpolation Traps
2091 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
2092 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
2098 =item Unclassified Traps
2100 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
2105 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
2109 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
2115 =item Verbatim Paragraph
2117 =item Command Paragraph
2119 =item Ordinary Block of Text
2123 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2125 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
2133 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
2137 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
2145 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
2146 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
2150 =item Compiling your C program
2152 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
2154 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
2156 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
2158 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
2160 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
2162 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
2164 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
2166 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
2171 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
2179 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
2185 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
2186 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
2187 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
2188 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
2189 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
2190 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
2191 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
2192 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
2193 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
2194 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
2198 =item Co-existence with stdio
2200 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
2201 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
2202 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
2203 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
2204 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
2205 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
2209 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
2219 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
2221 =item The Argument Stack
2223 =item The RETVAL Variable
2225 =item The MODULE Keyword
2227 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
2229 =item The PREFIX Keyword
2231 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
2233 =item The CODE: Keyword
2235 =item The INIT: Keyword
2237 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
2239 =item Initializing Function Parameters
2241 =item Default Parameter Values
2243 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
2245 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
2247 =item The INPUT: Keyword
2249 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
2251 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
2253 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
2255 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
2257 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
2259 =item The BOOT: Keyword
2261 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
2263 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
2265 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
2267 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
2269 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
2271 =item The CASE: Keyword
2273 =item The & Unary Operator
2275 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
2277 =item Using XS With C++
2279 =item Interface Strategy
2281 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
2293 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for XSUBs
2299 =item VERSION CAVEAT
2301 =item DYNAMIC VERSUS STATIC
2307 =item WHAT HAS GONE ON?
2309 =item WRITING GOOD TEST SCRIPTS
2313 =item WHAT'S NEW HERE?
2315 =item INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS
2317 =item THE XSUBPP COMPILER
2319 =item THE TYPEMAP FILE
2325 =item WHAT HAS HAPPENED HERE?
2327 =item SPECIFYING ARGUMENTS TO XSUBPP
2329 =item THE ARGUMENT STACK
2331 =item EXTENDING YOUR EXTENSION
2333 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR EXTENSION
2335 =item INSTALLING YOUR EXTENSION
2345 =head2 perlguts - Perl's Internal Functions
2355 =item What is an "IV"?
2357 =item Working with SVs
2359 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
2361 =item Working with AVs
2363 =item Working with HVs
2365 =item Hash API Extensions
2369 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
2371 =item Creating New Variables
2373 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
2375 =item Stashes and Globs
2377 =item Double-Typed SVs
2379 =item Magic Variables
2381 =item Assigning Magic
2383 =item Magic Virtual Tables
2387 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
2389 =item Localizing changes
2391 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
2392 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP
2393 *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char
2394 *key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(f,p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
2395 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
2396 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
2397 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
2398 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
2406 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
2408 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
2410 =item Memory Allocation
2414 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
2418 =item Scratchpads and recursion
2428 =item Examining the tree
2430 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
2432 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
2434 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
2436 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
2442 AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
2443 av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH,
2444 DBsingle, DBsub, DBtrace, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dowarn, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32,
2445 ENTER, EXTEND, FREETMPS, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, GIMME, GIMME_V,
2446 G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
2447 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, GvSV, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH,
2448 HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, hv_clear,
2449 hv_delayfree_ent, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent,
2450 hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_free_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv,
2451 hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, HvNAME, hv_store,
2452 hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE,
2453 isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
2454 mg_get, mg_len, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, na, New, Newc, Newz, newAV,
2455 newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvn,
2456 newSVrv, newSVsv, newXS, newXSproto, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv,
2457 Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_call_argv, perl_call_method,
2458 perl_call_pv, perl_call_sv, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_eval_sv,
2459 perl_eval_pv, perl_free, perl_get_av, perl_get_cv, perl_get_hv,
2460 perl_get_sv, perl_parse, perl_require_pv, perl_run, POPi, POPl, POPp, POPn,
2461 POPs, PUSHMARK, PUSHi, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, RETVAL,
2462 safefree, safemalloc, saferealloc, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN,
2463 ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_2mortal,
2464 sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpvf,
2465 sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_cmp, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, sv_dec,
2466 SvEND, sv_eq, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, sv_grow, sv_inc, SvIOK, SvIOK_off,
2467 SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOKp, sv_isa, SvIV, sv_isobject, SvIVX, SvLEN,
2468 sv_len, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, SvOK, sv_newmortal, sv_no, SvNIOK,
2469 SvNIOK_off, SvNIOKp, SvNOK, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNOKp, SvNV,
2470 SvNVX, SvPOK, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOKp, SvPV, SvPVX,
2471 SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV,
2472 SvSETMAGIC, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, sv_setiv,
2473 sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setpviv,
2474 sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg,
2475 sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, SvSetSV,
2476 SvSetSV_nosteal, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, SvSTASH,
2477 SVt_IV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SVt_NV, SvTRUE,
2478 SvTYPE, svtype, SvUPGRADE, sv_upgrade, sv_undef, sv_unref, sv_usepvn,
2479 sv_usepvn_mg, sv_yes, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
2480 XPUSHs, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
2481 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNV,
2482 XST_mNO, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
2489 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
2493 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
2495 =item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
2497 B<perl_call_sv>, B<perl_call_pv>, B<perl_call_method>, B<perl_call_argv>
2517 =item Determining the Context
2521 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
2527 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
2529 =item Passing Parameters
2531 =item Returning a Scalar
2533 =item Returning a list of values
2535 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
2537 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
2541 =item Using G_KEEPERR
2543 =item Using perl_call_sv
2545 =item Using perl_call_argv
2547 =item Using perl_call_method
2551 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
2553 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
2555 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
2556 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
2559 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
2561 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
2571 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
2577 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
2589 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
2591 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
2595 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
2597 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
2599 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine
2607 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
2621 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
2629 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
2639 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
2647 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
2655 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
2664 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
2666 =item The I<splain> Program
2678 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
2684 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
2691 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
2697 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
2705 =item ADDING DIRECTORIES TO @INC
2707 =item DELETING DIRECTORIES FROM @INC
2709 =item RESTORING ORIGINAL @INC
2717 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
2724 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
2728 =item CAVEAT SCRIPTOR
2734 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
2736 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
2738 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
2740 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
2742 =item Overloadable Operations
2744 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
2745 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
2746 and numeric conversion>, I<Special>
2748 =item Inheritance and overloading
2750 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
2751 is inherited by derived classes
2755 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
2763 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
2765 =item Copy Constructor
2771 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
2773 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
2774 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
2775 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Copy operator>
2779 =item Run-time Overloading
2781 =item Public functions
2783 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
2785 =item IMPLEMENTATION
2793 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
2803 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
2805 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
2809 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
2813 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
2819 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
2825 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
2827 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
2833 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names
2839 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
2841 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
2849 =item DBM Comparisons
2857 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
2865 =item Subroutine Stubs
2867 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2869 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
2871 =item Package Lexicals
2873 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
2881 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
2891 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of code
2903 =item Standard Exports
2905 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
2906 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
2907 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ]] )
2909 =item Optional Exports
2911 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( )
2923 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
2925 =head2 Bundle::CPAN - A bundle to play with all the other modules on CPAN
2935 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
2947 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT:
2949 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
2951 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
2953 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
2955 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
2957 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
2959 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
2961 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
2963 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
2965 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
2967 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE FORM TO A FILE:
2969 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
2971 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
2973 =item CALLING CGI FUNCTIONS THAT TAKE MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS
2975 =item CREATING THE HTTP HEADER:
2977 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION INSTRUCTION
2979 =item CREATING THE HTML HEADER:
2981 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
2983 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
2987 =item CREATING FORMS
2991 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
2993 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
2995 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
2997 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
3001 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
3003 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
3005 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
3009 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
3011 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
3015 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
3019 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
3023 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
3027 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
3031 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
3033 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
3035 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
3039 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
3041 B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
3043 TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
3045 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
3049 =item NETSCAPE COOKIES
3051 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
3052 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
3054 =item WORKING WITH NETSCAPE FRAMES
3056 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
3057 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
3060 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
3066 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
3070 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
3072 B<accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
3073 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script
3074 name as a partial URL, for self-refering
3075 scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host
3076 ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
3079 =item CREATING HTML ELEMENTS
3083 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
3085 =item Generating new HTML tags
3089 =item IMPORTING CGI METHOD CALLS INTO YOUR NAME SPACE
3091 B<cgi>, B<form>, B<html2>, B<html3>, B<netscape>, B<shortcuts>,
3094 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
3096 In the B<use> statementSimply add ":nph" to the list of symbols to be
3097 imported into your script:, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using
3098 B<-nph> parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
3100 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3104 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
3105 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
3106 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
3107 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@csgrad1.cs.wvu.edu), Richard
3108 Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony
3109 Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom
3110 Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig
3111 (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au),
3112 Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen
3113 (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni
3114 (david@cnation.com), ...and many many more..
3116 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
3122 =head2 CGI::Apache - Make things work with CGI.pm against Perl-Apache API
3136 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
3143 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
3145 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
3153 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
3159 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
3161 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
3163 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
3165 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
3169 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3175 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
3181 =item USING CGI::Push
3183 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
3185 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
3189 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
3195 =head2 CGI::Switch - Try more than one constructors and return the first
3206 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
3214 =item Interactive Mode
3216 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
3217 install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or
3226 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
3228 =item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
3230 expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
3232 =item Methods in the four
3242 =item Floppy, Zip, and all that Jazz
3248 o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
3249 E<lt>valueE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
3250 [shift|pop], o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice]
3255 =item CD-ROM support
3269 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
3275 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
3284 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
3292 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
3296 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
3304 =item The C<struct()> function
3306 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
3308 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
3309 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
3315 Example 1, Example 2
3317 =item Author and Modification History
3319 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
3325 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
3331 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
3335 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2
3337 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
3339 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
3341 =item Default Parameters
3343 =item In Memory Databases
3351 =item A Simple Example
3359 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
3361 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
3363 =item The get_dup() Method
3365 =item Matching Partial Keys
3373 =item The 'bval' Option
3375 =item A Simple Example
3379 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
3380 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
3382 =item Another Example
3386 =item THE API INTERFACE
3388 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
3389 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
3390 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
3391 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
3393 =item HINTS AND TIPS
3397 =item Locking Databases
3399 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
3401 =item The untie() Gotcha
3405 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
3409 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
3411 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
3413 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
3415 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
3431 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
3437 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
3443 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
3449 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
3450 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
3451 dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
3452 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
3457 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
3464 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables
3472 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
3480 =item Selecting What To Export
3482 =item Specialised Import Lists
3484 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
3486 =item Module Version Checking
3488 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
3490 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
3494 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
3501 cat, eqtime src dst, rm_f files..., rm_f files..., touch files .., mv
3502 source... destination, cp source... destination, chmod mode files.., mkpath
3503 directory.., test_f file
3511 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
3521 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
3522 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
3530 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
3536 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
3542 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
3548 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
3558 =item VMS implementation
3560 =item Win32 implementation
3566 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3573 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
3583 =item Preloaded methods
3585 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, rootdir, updir
3587 =item SelfLoaded methods
3589 c_o (o), cflags (o), clean (o), const_cccmd (o), const_config (o),
3590 const_loadlibs (o), constants (o), depend (o), dir_target (o), dist (o),
3591 dist_basics (o), dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), dist_dir (o), dist_test (o),
3592 dlsyms (o), dynamic (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o), exescan,
3593 extliblist, file_name_is_absolute, find_perl
3595 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
3597 fixin, force (o), guess_name, has_link_code, init_dirscan, init_main,
3598 init_others, install (o), installbin (o), libscan (o), linkext (o), lsdir,
3599 macro (o), makeaperl (o), makefile (o), manifypods (o), maybe_command,
3600 maybe_command_in_dirs, needs_linking (o), nicetext, parse_version, pasthru
3601 (o), path, perl_script, perldepend (o), pm_to_blib, post_constants (o),
3602 post_initialize (o), postamble (o), prefixify, processPL (o), realclean
3603 (o), replace_manpage_separator, static (o), static_lib (o), staticmake (o),
3604 subdir_x (o), subdirs (o), test (o), test_via_harness (o), test_via_script
3605 (o), tool_autosplit (o), tools_other (o), tool_xsubpp (o), top_targets (o),
3606 writedoc, xs_c (o), xs_o (o), perl_archive, export_list
3612 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3621 =item Methods always loaded
3623 eliminate_macros, fixpath, catdir, catfile, wraplist, curdir (override),
3624 rootdir (override), updir (override)
3626 =item SelfLoaded methods
3628 guess_name (override), find_perl (override), path (override), maybe_command
3629 (override), maybe_command_in_dirs (override), perl_script (override),
3630 file_name_is_absolute (override), replace_manpage_separator, init_others
3631 (override), constants (override), cflags (override), const_cccmd
3632 (override), pm_to_blib (override), tool_autosplit (override), tool_sxubpp
3633 (override), xsubpp_version (override), tools_other (override), dist
3634 (override), c_o (override), xs_c (override), xs_o (override), top_targets
3635 (override), dlsyms (override), dynamic_lib (override), dynamic_bs
3636 (override), static_lib (override), manifypods (override), processPL
3637 (override), installbin (override), subdir_x (override), clean (override),
3638 realclean (override), dist_basics (override), dist_core (override),
3639 dist_dir (override), dist_test (override), install (override), perldepend
3640 (override), makefile (override), test (override), test_via_harness
3641 (override), test_via_script (override), makeaperl (override), nicetext
3646 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
3653 catfile, constants (o), static_lib (o), dynamic_bs (o), dynamic_lib (o),
3654 canonpath, perl_script, pm_to_blib, test_via_harness (o), tool_autosplit
3655 (override), tools_other (o), xs_o (o), top_targets (o), manifypods (o),
3656 dist_ci (o), dist_core (o), pasthru (o)
3658 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
3666 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
3668 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
3676 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
3680 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
3682 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
3684 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
3686 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
3688 C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
3689 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, NO_VC, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, H, IMPORTS, INC,
3690 INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR,
3691 INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITELIB,
3692 INSTALLSITEARCH, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
3693 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIBPERL_A, LIB, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
3694 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
3695 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
3696 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PREFIX,
3697 PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
3700 =item Additional lowercase attributes
3702 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, installpm, linkext, macro, realclean,
3705 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
3707 =item Hintsfile support
3709 =item Distribution Support
3711 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
3712 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
3713 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
3715 =item Disabling an extension
3723 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
3733 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
3737 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
3738 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
3744 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
3750 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
3757 NAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, DLBASE
3763 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
3769 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
3777 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
3785 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
3787 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
3793 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
3797 C<basename>, C<dirname>
3799 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
3805 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
3815 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
3823 =item Special behavior if C<syscopy> is defined (VMS and OS/2)
3825 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
3833 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
3839 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
3849 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
3857 =head2 File::Path - create or remove a series of directories
3867 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
3877 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
3885 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
3891 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
3895 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
3901 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
3911 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
3923 =head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
3934 =item Linkage specification
3936 =item Aliases and abbreviations
3938 =item Non-option call-back routine
3940 =item Option starters
3942 =item Return values and Errors
3950 =item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
3952 default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling
3953 (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case
3954 (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default:
3955 reset), debug (default: reset)
3957 =item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
3959 $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error
3963 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
3965 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
3972 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
3979 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
3985 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
3993 new ([ ARGS ] ), new_tmpfile
3997 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
4003 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
4012 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
4016 $fh->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $fh->opened, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines,
4017 $fh->ungetc ( ORD ), $fh->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET }\] ), $fh->flush,
4018 $fh->error, $fh->clearerr, $fh->untaint
4028 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::pipe - supply object methods for pipes
4036 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
4040 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
4048 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
4059 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
4072 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
4073 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_error ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count
4074 (), bits(), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
4082 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
4095 accept([PKG]), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype,
4102 =item IO::Socket::INET
4106 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
4109 =item IO::Socket::UNIX
4113 hostpath(), peerpath()
4123 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
4133 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
4142 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
4148 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to
4154 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
4160 Canonical notation, Input, Output
4168 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
4179 =item STRINGIFICATION
4183 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
4185 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
4191 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
4197 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
4201 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
4203 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
4207 =item ANGLE CONVERSIONS
4213 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
4219 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
4229 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
4230 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
4238 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
4251 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
4264 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
4275 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
4288 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
4294 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
4304 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
4306 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
4307 or optag, an operator set (opset)
4309 =item Opcode Functions
4311 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
4312 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
4313 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
4316 =item Manipulating Opsets
4320 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
4322 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
4323 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
4324 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
4331 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
4338 a new namespace, an operator mask
4344 =item RECENT CHANGES
4346 =item Methods in class Safe
4348 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
4349 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
4350 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
4351 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
4353 =item Some Safety Issues
4355 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
4361 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
4370 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
4382 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
4383 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
4384 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
4385 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
4386 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
4387 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
4388 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
4389 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
4390 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
4391 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
4392 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
4393 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
4394 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
4395 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
4396 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
4397 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
4398 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
4399 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
4400 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
4401 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
4402 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
4403 strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh,
4404 tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
4405 tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
4406 ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
4407 wcstombs, wctomb, write
4413 =item POSIX::SigAction
4419 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
4421 =item POSIX::Termios
4423 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
4424 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
4425 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
4426 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
4427 values, c_oflag field values
4431 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
4435 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
4439 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
4497 =head2 Pod::Html, Pod::HTML - module to convert pod files to HTML
4505 help, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods, netscape,
4506 nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, verbose
4518 =head2 Pod::Text - convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
4528 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
4534 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
4540 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
4546 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
4554 =item The __DATA__ token
4556 =item SelfLoader autoloading
4558 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
4560 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
4562 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
4564 =item Classes and inherited methods.
4568 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
4570 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
4578 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
4579 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
4585 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
4586 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
4587 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
4588 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
4589 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
4591 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
4597 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
4605 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
4606 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
4612 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
4613 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_03)
4614 Sets the socket type to be used for the next call to
4615 C<openlog()> or C<syslog()>.
4617 A value of 'unix' will connect to the UNIX domain socket returned by
4618 C<_PATH_LOG> in F<syslog.ph>. If F<syslog.ph> fails to define
4619 C<_PATH_LOG>, C<setlogsock> returns C<undef>; otherwise a true value is
4620 returned. A value of 'inet' will connect to an INET socket returned by
4621 getservbyname(). Any other value croaks, closelog
4631 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
4639 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
4645 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
4653 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
4654 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
4660 =item Minimal set of supported functions
4662 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
4663 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
4665 =item Additional supported functions
4667 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
4673 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
4681 =item The test script output
4689 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
4690 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
4691 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
4700 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
4708 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens
4716 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
4729 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
4740 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
4752 =head2 Thread - multithreading
4760 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
4764 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
4768 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
4772 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
4778 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
4779 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, CLEAR this,
4780 DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST,
4781 SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
4787 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
4793 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
4794 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
4798 =item MORE INFORMATION
4800 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
4814 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
4821 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
4823 =item MORE INFORMATION
4825 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
4833 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
4839 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
4850 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
4861 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
4869 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
4875 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
4876 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
4878 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
4889 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
4900 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
4902 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
4903 don't all have manual pages yet:
4925 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob