4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
22 modularity and reusability using innumerable modules, embeddable and
23 extensible, roll-your-own magic variables (including multiple simultaneous
24 DBM implementations), subroutines can now be overridden, autoloaded, and
25 prototyped, arbitrarily nested data structures and anonymous functions,
26 object-oriented programming, compilability into C code or Perl bytecode,
27 support for light-weight processes (threads), support for
28 internationalization, localization, and Unicode, lexical scoping, regular
29 expression enhancements, enhanced debugger and interactive Perl
30 environment, with integrated editor support, POSIX 1003.1 compliant library
50 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
57 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
58 About Perl, What is Perl?, Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it
59 free?, Which version of Perl should I use?, What are perl4 and perl5?, What
60 is perl6?, How stable is Perl?, Is Perl difficult to learn?, How does Perl
61 compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?, Can
62 I do [task] in Perl?, When shouldn't I program in Perl?, What's the
63 difference between "perl" and "Perl"?, Is it a Perl program or a Perl
64 script?, What is a JAPH?, Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?,
65 How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
66 (5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and
67 Learning about Perl, What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?, How
68 can I get a binary version of Perl?, I don't have a C compiler on my
69 system. How can I compile perl?, I copied the Perl binary from one machine
70 to another, but scripts don't work, I grabbed the sources and tried to
71 compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make
72 it work?, What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is
73 CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?, Is there an ISO or ANSI certified
74 version of Perl?, Where can I get information on Perl?, What are the Perl
75 newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?, Where should I post
76 source code?, Perl Books, Perl in Magazines, Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW
77 Access, What mailing lists are there for perl?, Archives of
78 comp.lang.perl.misc, Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?, Where
79 do I send bug reports?, What is perl.com?, L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools,
80 How do I do (anything)?, How can I use Perl interactively?, Is there a Perl
81 shell?, How do I debug my Perl programs?, How do I profile my Perl
82 programs?, How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?, Is there a
83 pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?, Is there a ctags for Perl?, Is there
84 an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?, Where can I get Perl macros for vi?, Where
85 can I get perl-mode for emacs?, How can I use curses with Perl?, How can I
86 use X or Tk with Perl?, How can I generate simple menus without using CGI
87 or Tk?, What is undump?, How can I make my Perl program run faster?, How
88 can I make my Perl program take less memory?, Is it unsafe to return a
89 pointer to local data?, How can I free an array or hash so my program
90 shrinks?, How can I make my CGI script more efficient?, How can I hide the
91 source for my Perl program?, How can I compile my Perl program into byte
92 code or C?, How can I compile Perl into Java?, How can I get C<#!perl> to
93 work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?, Can I write useful perl programs on the command
94 line?, Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?, Where can
95 I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?, Where can I learn about
96 object-oriented Perl programming?, Where can I learn about linking C with
97 Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp], I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't
98 embed perl inmy C program, what am I doing wrong?, When I tried to run my
99 script, I got this message. What does itmean?, What's MakeMaker?,
100 L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, Why am I getting long decimals (eg,
101 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?,
102 Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?, Does Perl have a round()
103 function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?, How do I
104 convert bits into ints?, Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?, How do I
105 multiply matrices?, How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?,
106 How can I output Roman numerals?, Why aren't my random numbers random?, How
107 do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?, How do I find the current
108 century or millennium?, How can I compare two dates and find the
109 difference?, How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?, How
110 can I find the Julian Day?, How do I find yesterday's date?, Does Perl have
111 a year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?, How do I validate input?, How
112 do I unescape a string?, How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?,
113 How do I expand function calls in a string?, How do I find matching/nesting
114 anything?, How do I reverse a string?, How do I expand tabs in a string?,
115 How do I reformat a paragraph?, How can I access/change the first N letters
116 of a string?, How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?, How can I
117 count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?, How do I
118 capitalize all the words on one line?, How can I split a [character]
119 delimited string except when inside[character]? (Comma-separated files),
120 How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?, How do I
121 pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?, How do I extract
122 selected columns from a string?, How do I find the soundex value of a
123 string?, How can I expand variables in text strings?, What's wrong with
124 always quoting "$vars"?, Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?, What
125 is the difference between a list and an array?, What is the difference
126 between $array[1] and @array[1]?, How can I remove duplicate elements from
127 a list or array?, How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain
128 element?, How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute
129 the intersection of two arrays?, How do I test whether two arrays or hashes
130 are equal?, How do I find the first array element for which a condition is
131 true?, How do I handle linked lists?, How do I handle circular lists?, How
132 do I shuffle an array randomly?, How do I process/modify each element of an
133 array?, How do I select a random element from an array?, How do I permute N
134 elements of a list?, How do I sort an array by (anything)?, How do I
135 manipulate arrays of bits?, Why does defined() return true on empty arrays
136 and hashes?, How do I process an entire hash?, What happens if I add or
137 remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?, How do I look up a hash
138 element by value?, How can I know how many entries are in a hash?, How do I
139 sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?, How can I always keep my
140 hash sorted?, What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with
141 hashes?, Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?, How
142 do I reset an each() operation part-way through?, How can I get the unique
143 keys from two hashes?, How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM
144 file?, How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?,
145 Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it?,
146 How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array
147 of hashes or arrays?, How can I use a reference as a hash key?, How do I
148 handle binary data correctly?, How do I determine whether a scalar is a
149 number/whole/integer/float?, How do I keep persistent data across program
150 calls?, How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?, How do I
151 define methods for every class/object?, How do I verify a credit card
152 checksum?, How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?,
153 L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats, How do I flush/unbuffer an output
154 filehandle? Why must I do this?, How do I change one line in a file/delete
155 a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the
156 beginning of a file?, How do I count the number of lines in a file?, How do
157 I make a temporary file name?, How can I manipulate fixed-record-length
158 files?, How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
159 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?,
160 How can I use a filehandle indirectly?, How can I set up a footer format to
161 be used with write()?, How can I write() into a string?, How can I output
162 my numbers with commas added?, How can I translate tildes (~) in a
163 filename?, How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?, Why do
164 I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use E<lt>*E<gt>?, Is
165 there a leak/bug in glob()?, How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>"
166 or trailing blanks?, How can I reliably rename a file?, How can I lock a
167 file?, Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?, I still don't get locking.
168 I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?, How
169 do I randomly update a binary file?, How do I get a file's timestamp in
170 perl?, How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print to more
171 than one file at once?, How can I read in an entire file all at once?, How
172 can I read in a file by paragraphs?, How can I read a single character from
173 a file? From the keyboard?, How can I tell whether there's a character
174 waiting on a filehandle?, How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?, How do I dup()
175 a filehandle in Perl?, How do I close a file descriptor by number?, Why
176 can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe`
177 work?, Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?, Why does Perl let me
178 delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber protected files? Isn't
179 this a bug in Perl?, How do I select a random line from a file?, Why do I
180 get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, How
181 can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and
182 unmaintainable code?, I'm having trouble matching over more than one line.
183 What's wrong?, How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are
184 themselves on different lines?, I put a regular expression into $/ but it
185 didn't work. What's wrong?, How do I substitute case insensitively on the
186 LHS, but preserving case on the RHS?, How can I make C<\w> match national
187 character sets?, How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?,
188 How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?, What is C</o> really for?,
189 How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?,
190 Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?, What does it
191 mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?, How do I process
192 each word on each line?, How can I print out a word-frequency or
193 line-frequency summary?, How can I do approximate matching?, How do I
194 efficiently match many regular expressions at once?, Why don't
195 word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?, Why does using $&, $`, or
196 $' slow my program down?, What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?, Are
197 Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?, What's wrong with
198 using grep or map in a void context?, How can I match strings with
199 multibyte characters?, How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the
200 user?, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues, Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE
201 for the Perl language?, What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how
202 do I know when to use them?, Do I always/never have to quote my strings or
203 use semicolons and commas?, How do I skip some return values?, How do I
204 temporarily block warnings?, What's an extension?, Why do Perl operators
205 have different precedence than C operators?, How do I declare/create a
206 structure?, How do I create a module?, How do I create a class?, How can I
207 tell if a variable is tainted?, What's a closure?, What is variable suicide
208 and how can I prevent it?, How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle,
209 Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?, How do I create a static variable?, What's
210 the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between
211 local() and my()?, How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly
212 named lexical is in scope?, What's the difference between deep and shallow
213 binding?, Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?, How do I
214 redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?, What's the difference
215 between calling a function as &foo and foo()?, How do I create a switch or
216 case statement?, How can I catch accesses to undefined
217 variables/functions/methods?, Why can't a method included in this same file
218 be found?, How can I find out my current package?, How can I comment out a
219 large block of perl code?, How do I clear a package?, How can I use a
220 variable as a variable name?, L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, How do I
221 find out which operating system I'm running under?, How come exec() doesn't
222 return?, How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?, How do I
223 print something out in color?, How do I read just one key without waiting
224 for a return key?, How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?,
225 How do I clear the screen?, How do I get the screen size?, How do I ask the
226 user for a password?, How do I read and write the serial port?, How do I
227 decode encrypted password files?, How do I start a process in the
228 background?, How do I trap control characters/signals?, How do I modify the
229 shadow password file on a Unix system?, How do I set the time and date?,
230 How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?, How can I measure time
231 under a second?, How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception
232 handling), Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)?
233 What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?, How can I call
234 my system's unique C functions from Perl?, Where do I get the include files
235 to do ioctl() or syscall()?, Why do setuid perl scripts complain about
236 kernel problems?, How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?, Why
237 can't I get the output of a command with system()?, How can I capture
238 STDERR from an external command?, Why doesn't open() return an error when a
239 pipe open fails?, What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?, How
240 can I call backticks without shell processing?, Why can't my script read
241 from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?, How can I
242 convert my shell script to perl?, Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp
243 session?, How can I write expect in Perl?, Is there a way to hide perl's
244 command line from programs such as "ps"?, I {changed directory, modified my
245 environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I
246 exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?, How do I close
247 a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?, How do I fork a
248 daemon process?, How do I make my program run with sh and csh?, How do I
249 find out if I'm running interactively or not?, How do I timeout a slow
250 event?, How do I set CPU limits?, How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?,
251 How do I use an SQL database?, How do I make a system() exit on control-C?,
252 How do I open a file without blocking?, How do I install a module from
253 CPAN?, What's the difference between require and use?, How do I keep my own
254 module/library directory?, How do I add the directory my program lives in
255 to the module/library search path?, How do I add a directory to my include
256 path at runtime?, What is socket.ph and where do I get it?, L<perlfaq9>:
257 Networking, My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser.
258 (500 Server Error), How can I get better error messages from a CGI
259 program?, How do I remove HTML from a string?, How do I extract URLs?, How
260 do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on
261 another machine?, How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?, How do I fetch an
262 HTML file?, How do I automate an HTML form submission?, How do I decode or
263 create those %-encodings on the web?, How do I redirect to another page?,
264 How do I put a password on my web pages?, How do I edit my .htpasswd and
265 .htgroup files with Perl?, How do I make sure users can't enter values into
266 a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?, How do I parse a mail
267 header?, How do I decode a CGI form?, How do I check a valid mail address?,
268 How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?, How do I return the user's mail
269 address?, How do I send mail?, How do I read mail?, How do I find out my
270 hostname/domainname/IP address?, How do I fetch a news article or the
271 active newsgroups?, How do I fetch/put an FTP file?, How can I do RPC in
276 =item Where to get this document
278 =item How to contribute to this document
280 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
287 =item Author and Copyright Information
291 =item Bundled Distributions
299 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, 24/April/97, 23/April/97,
300 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97
304 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
305 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
315 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
317 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
319 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
323 =item How stable is Perl?
325 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
327 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
330 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
332 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
334 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
336 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
338 =item What is a JAPH?
340 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
342 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
343 (5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?
347 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
351 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
352 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
360 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
362 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
364 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
366 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
369 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
370 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
372 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
373 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
375 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
377 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
379 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
381 =item Where should I post source code?
385 References, Tutorials
386 *Learning Perl [2nd edition]
387 by Randal L. Schwartz and Tom Christiansen
388 with foreword by Larry Wall, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
390 =item Perl in Magazines
392 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
394 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
396 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
398 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
400 =item Where do I send bug reports?
402 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
406 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
410 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
419 =item How do I do (anything)?
421 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
423 =item Is there a Perl shell?
425 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
427 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
429 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
431 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
433 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
435 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
437 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
439 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
441 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
443 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
445 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
447 =item What is undump?
449 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
451 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
453 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
455 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
457 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
459 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
461 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
463 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
465 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
467 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
469 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
471 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
473 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
475 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
477 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
478 my C program, what am I doing wrong?
480 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
483 =item What's MakeMaker?
487 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
491 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
502 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
503 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
505 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
507 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
510 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
512 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
514 =item How do I multiply matrices?
516 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
518 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
520 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
528 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
530 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
532 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
534 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
536 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
538 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
540 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
548 =item How do I validate input?
550 =item How do I unescape a string?
552 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
554 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
556 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
558 =item How do I reverse a string?
560 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
562 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
564 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
566 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
568 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
571 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
573 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
574 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
576 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
578 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
580 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
582 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
584 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
586 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
588 =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
590 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
591 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
600 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
602 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
604 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
606 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted:(this assumes all true
607 values in the array), b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like
608 (b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any
609 loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive
612 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
614 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
615 intersection of two arrays?
617 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
619 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
621 =item How do I handle linked lists?
623 =item How do I handle circular lists?
625 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
627 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
629 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
631 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
633 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
635 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
637 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
641 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
645 =item How do I process an entire hash?
647 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
650 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
652 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
654 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
656 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
658 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
660 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
662 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
664 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
666 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
668 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
670 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
673 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
674 array of hashes or arrays?
676 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
684 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
686 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
688 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
690 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
692 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
694 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
696 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
700 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
704 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
713 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
715 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
716 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
718 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
720 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
722 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
724 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
725 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
727 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
729 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
731 =item How can I write() into a string?
733 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
735 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
737 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
739 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
742 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
744 =item How can I open a file with a leading "E<gt>" or trailing blanks?
746 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
748 =item How can I lock a file?
750 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
752 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
753 the file. How can I do this?
755 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
757 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
759 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
761 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
763 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
765 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
767 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
769 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
771 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
773 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
775 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
777 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
778 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
780 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
782 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
783 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
785 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
787 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
791 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
795 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
803 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
804 and unmaintainable code?
806 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
808 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
810 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
813 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
815 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
818 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
820 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
822 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
824 =item What is C</o> really for?
826 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
829 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
831 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
833 =item How do I process each word on each line?
835 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
837 =item How can I do approximate matching?
839 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
841 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
843 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
845 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
847 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
849 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
851 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
853 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
857 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
861 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
862 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
870 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
872 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
875 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
878 =item How do I skip some return values?
880 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
882 =item What's an extension?
884 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
886 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
888 =item How do I create a module?
890 =item How do I create a class?
892 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
894 =item What's a closure?
896 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
898 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
901 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
904 =item How do I create a static variable?
906 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
907 Between local() and my()?
909 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
912 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
914 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
916 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
918 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
920 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
922 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
924 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
926 =item How can I find out my current package?
928 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
930 =item How do I clear a package?
932 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
936 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
940 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
949 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
951 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
953 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
955 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
957 =item How do I print something out in color?
959 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
961 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
963 =item How do I clear the screen?
965 =item How do I get the screen size?
967 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
969 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
971 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
973 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
975 =item How do I start a process in the background?
977 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
979 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
981 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
983 =item How do I set the time and date?
985 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
987 =item How can I measure time under a second?
989 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
991 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
992 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
994 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
996 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
998 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
1000 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
1002 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
1004 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
1006 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
1008 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
1010 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
1012 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
1015 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
1017 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
1019 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
1021 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
1024 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
1025 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
1026 changes to be visible?
1030 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
1033 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
1035 =item How do I make my program run with sh and csh?
1037 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
1039 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
1041 =item How do I set CPU limits?
1043 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
1045 =item How do I use an SQL database?
1047 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
1049 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
1051 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
1053 =item What's the difference between require and use?
1055 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
1057 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
1060 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
1062 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
1066 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1070 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
1079 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
1082 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
1084 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
1086 =item How do I extract URLs?
1088 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
1089 file on another machine?
1091 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
1093 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
1095 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
1097 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
1099 =item How do I redirect to another page?
1101 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
1103 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
1105 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
1106 CGI script to do bad things?
1108 =item How do I parse a mail header?
1110 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
1112 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
1114 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
1116 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
1118 =item How do I send mail?
1120 =item How do I read mail?
1122 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
1124 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
1126 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
1128 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
1132 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1136 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6 (as of v5.005_64)
1142 =item Incompatible Changes
1146 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
1148 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
1149 Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash
1150 keys has changed, C<undef> fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may
1151 be set on pipe() handles, Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is
1152 unsupported, delete(), values() and C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values,
1153 not copies, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some
1154 diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not()
1155 behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have
1158 =item C Source Incompatibilities
1160 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
1162 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
1164 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>, Support for C++ exceptions
1166 =item Binary Incompatibilities
1170 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
1174 =item New Configure flags
1176 =item -Dusethreads and -Duse64bits now more daring
1182 =item -Duselargefiles
1184 =item installusrbinperl
1190 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
1198 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
1200 =item Interpreter threads
1202 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
1204 =item Lvalue subroutines
1206 =item "our" declarations
1208 =item Weak references
1210 =item File globbing implemented internally
1212 =item Binary numbers supported
1214 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
1216 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
1218 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
1220 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
1222 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
1224 =item 64-bit support
1226 =item Large file support
1232 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
1234 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
1236 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
1238 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
1240 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
1242 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
1244 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
1246 =item Comments in pack() templates
1248 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
1250 =item C<use attrs> implicit in subroutine attributes
1252 =item Regular expression improvements
1254 =item Overloading improvements
1256 =item open() with more than two arguments
1258 =item Support for interpolating named characters
1260 =item Experimental support for user-hooks in @INC
1262 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
1264 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
1266 =item Optional Y2K warnings
1270 =item Significant bug fixes
1274 =item E<lt>HANDLEE<gt> on empty files
1276 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
1278 =item All compilation errors are true errors
1280 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
1282 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
1284 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
1286 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
1288 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
1290 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
1292 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
1294 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
1296 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
1298 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
1300 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
1302 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
1304 =item Failures in DESTROY()
1306 =item Locale bugs fixed
1310 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
1312 =item Consistent numeric conversions
1314 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
1316 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
1318 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
1320 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
1322 =item Other fixes for better diagnostics
1326 =item Performance enhancements
1330 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
1332 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
1334 =item Method lookups optimized
1336 =item Faster mechanism to invoke XSUBs
1338 =item Perl_malloc() improvements
1340 =item Faster subroutine calls
1344 =item Platform specific changes
1348 =item Additional supported platforms
1362 =item Modules and Pragmata
1368 attributes, B, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File,
1369 Devel::DProf, Dumpvalue, Benchmark, Devel::Peek, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
1370 Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
1371 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
1372 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File,
1373 Time::Local, Win32, DBM Filters
1379 =item Utility Changes
1391 =item Documentation Changes
1393 perlapi.pod, perlcompile.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlintern.pod,
1394 perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod
1396 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
1398 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
1399 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
1400 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
1401 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
1402 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
1403 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
1404 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
1405 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
1406 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
1407 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad
1408 evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Binary number >
1409 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32
1410 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem
1411 of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't
1412 declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't
1413 modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove
1414 %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken
1415 a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s]
1416 belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
1417 constant(%s): %%^H is not localized, constant(%s): %s, defined(@array) is
1418 deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header,
1419 Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?, Document contains no data, entering
1420 effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened
1421 only for output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s"
1422 requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff
1423 non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in
1424 prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s
1425 ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number,
1426 Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s"
1427 in regexp, Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid
1428 separator character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s
1429 failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not
1430 permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open,
1431 Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed
1432 for variable %s in "our", No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset
1433 information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777
1434 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic:
1435 magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around "%s" list, Possible Y2K bug:
1436 %s, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat
1437 count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is
1438 already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length
1439 expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't
1440 reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements
1441 (%s=%s), Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to
1442 prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated
1443 attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list,
1444 Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated
1445 subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version
1446 number must be a constant number
1448 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
1450 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
1451 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to
1452 mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
1462 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1470 =item Variable names
1476 =item Scalar value constructors
1478 =item List value constructors
1482 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1490 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1500 =item Simple statements
1502 =item Compound statements
1510 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1514 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1516 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1522 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1532 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1534 =item The Arrow Operator
1536 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1538 =item Exponentiation
1540 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1542 =item Binding Operators
1544 =item Multiplicative Operators
1546 =item Additive Operators
1548 =item Shift Operators
1550 =item Named Unary Operators
1552 =item Relational Operators
1554 =item Equality Operators
1558 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1560 =item C-style Logical And
1562 =item C-style Logical Or
1564 =item Range Operators
1566 =item Conditional Operator
1568 =item Assignment Operators
1570 =item Comma Operator
1572 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1578 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
1580 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1582 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1584 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1586 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1588 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1589 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1590 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC,
1591 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsUC
1593 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
1595 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
1596 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
1597 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<<file*globE<gt>>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
1598 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
1603 =item Constant Folding
1605 =item Bitwise String Operators
1607 =item Integer Arithmetic
1609 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1611 =item Bigger Numbers
1617 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1627 =item Regular Expressions
1629 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1631 =item Extended Patterns
1633 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1634 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?E<lt>=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1635 code })>, C<(?p{ code })>, C<(?E<gt>pattern)>,
1636 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1640 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1642 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1644 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1646 =item Combining pieces together
1648 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1649 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<(?E<gt>S)>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1650 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(?p{ EXPR })>,
1651 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1653 =item Creating custom RE engines
1663 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
1673 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
1675 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
1677 =item Location of Perl
1679 =item Command Switches
1681 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo>, B<-D>I<letters>,
1682 B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
1683 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
1684 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
1685 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
1686 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
1693 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
1694 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
1698 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1706 =item Perl Functions by Category
1708 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1709 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1710 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1711 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1712 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1713 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1714 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1715 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1716 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1717 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1722 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1724 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1725 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1726 binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller,
1727 chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE,
1728 chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot,
1729 close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue
1730 BLOCK, cos EXPR, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen
1731 HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK,
1732 do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE,
1733 eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists
1734 EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno
1735 FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline
1736 PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp
1737 PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME,
1738 gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
1739 getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
1740 getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport
1741 PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent,
1742 getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
1743 setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
1744 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt
1745 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR,
1746 goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index
1747 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
1748 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
1749 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
1750 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
1751 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK
1752 LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
1753 KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
1754 EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
1755 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
1756 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package,
1757 package NAMESPACE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR,
1758 pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT,
1759 LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
1760 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
1761 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
1762 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
1763 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
1764 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR,
1765 reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
1766 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
1767 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
1768 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
1769 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1770 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1771 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1772 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1773 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1774 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1775 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1776 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1777 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,
1778 split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR,
1779 srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK,
1780 sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr
1781 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall
1782 LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen
1783 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
1784 sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE,
1785 system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
1786 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell
1787 FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
1788 VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
1789 EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
1790 EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE,
1791 unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module LIST, use Module, use Module VERSION LIST,
1792 use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1793 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
1799 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1807 =item Predefined Names
1809 $ARG, $_, $E<lt>I<digits>E<gt>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1810 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number
1811 HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE
1812 EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR,
1813 $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR,
1814 $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR,
1815 $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
1816 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
1817 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
1818 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
1819 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @-, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
1820 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1821 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1822 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1823 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1824 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1825 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1826 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $PERL_VERSION, $],
1827 $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H,
1828 $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04,
1829 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, $^R, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
1830 $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr},
1833 =item Error Indicators
1835 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1843 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1853 =item Private Variables via my()
1855 =item Persistent Private Variables
1857 =item Temporary Values via local()
1859 =item Lvalue subroutines
1861 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1863 =item When to Still Use local()
1865 1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2.
1866 You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3.
1867 You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash
1869 =item Pass by Reference
1873 =item Constant Functions
1875 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
1879 =item Subroutine Attributes
1887 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
1899 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
1911 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
1917 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
1921 =item Pragmatic Modules
1923 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, caller, charnames, constant,
1924 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, lib, locale, ops, overload,
1925 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings
1927 =item Standard Modules
1929 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
1930 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
1931 B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI,
1932 CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push,
1933 CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy,
1934 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf,
1935 Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
1936 Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed,
1937 ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
1938 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS,
1939 ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
1940 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
1941 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
1942 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Glob,
1943 File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac,
1944 File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32,
1945 File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long,
1946 Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe,
1947 IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
1948 IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Msg, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::Semaphore,
1949 IPC::SysV, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig,
1950 Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O,
1951 Opcode, POSIX, Pod::Checker, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Man,
1952 Pod::Parser, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Usage,
1953 SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket,
1954 Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
1955 Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords,
1956 Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
1957 Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
1958 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
1960 =item Extension Modules
1966 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
1967 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
1968 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
1969 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
1970 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
1971 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
1972 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
1973 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
1974 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
1975 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
1976 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
1977 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
1978 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe,
1979 North America, South America
1981 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
1985 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
1987 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
1988 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
1989 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
1990 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
1991 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
1992 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
1993 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
1994 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
1995 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
1996 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
1997 care when changing a released module
1999 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2001 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
2002 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
2003 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
2004 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
2006 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2008 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
2009 applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the
2010 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
2011 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
2012 can then be reduced to a small
2020 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2030 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2031 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2043 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
2053 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
2055 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
2056 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
2057 files, directories and network sockets
2059 =item Resource limits
2061 =item Killing the parent process
2063 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
2065 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
2067 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
2068 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
2069 application, Thread-safety of extensions
2081 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
2089 =item Format Variables
2099 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
2107 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2114 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2120 =item The use locale pragma
2122 =item The setlocale function
2124 =item Finding locales
2126 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2128 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2130 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2132 =item Permanently fixing your locale configuration
2134 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2136 =item The localeconv function
2140 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2144 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2146 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2148 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2150 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2154 =item Other categories
2160 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
2161 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>),
2162 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
2163 B<Output formatting functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping
2164 functions> (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent
2165 functions> (localeconv(), strcoll(),strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX
2166 character class tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(),isgraph(),
2167 islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(),
2172 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2173 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2179 =item Backward compatibility
2181 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2183 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2185 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2187 =item Freely available locale definitions
2191 =item An imperfect standard
2199 =item Broken systems
2209 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
2219 =item Making References
2221 =item Using References
2223 =item Symbolic references
2225 =item Not-so-symbolic references
2227 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
2229 =item Function Templates
2239 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
2245 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
2253 =item Making References
2255 =item Using References
2273 =item Distribution Conditions
2279 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
2285 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
2286 more elaborate constructs
2290 =item COMMON MISTAKES
2292 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
2294 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
2300 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
2304 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
2306 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
2308 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
2312 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
2316 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
2318 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
2320 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
2324 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
2328 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
2330 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
2332 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
2336 =item HASHES OF HASHES
2340 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
2342 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
2344 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
2348 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
2352 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
2354 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
2356 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
2368 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
2374 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
2376 =item Growing Your Own
2378 =item Access and Printing
2388 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
2394 =item Creating a Class
2398 =item Object Representation
2400 =item Class Interface
2402 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
2404 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
2408 =item Other Object Methods
2416 =item Accessing Class Data
2418 =item Debugging Methods
2420 =item Class Destructors
2422 =item Documenting the Interface
2432 =item Overridden Methods
2434 =item Multiple Inheritance
2436 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
2440 =item Alternate Object Representations
2444 =item Arrays as Objects
2446 =item Closures as Objects
2450 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
2454 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
2456 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
2460 =item Metaclassical Tools
2466 =item Data Members as Variables
2470 =item Object Terminology
2476 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2482 =item Acknowledgments
2488 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
2494 =item Class Data as Package Variables
2498 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
2500 =item Inheritance Concerns
2502 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
2504 =item Indirect References to Class Data
2506 =item Monadic Classes
2508 =item Translucent Attributes
2512 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
2516 =item Privacy and Responsibility
2518 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
2520 =item More Inheritance Concerns
2522 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
2524 =item Translucency Revisited
2532 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2534 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
2540 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
2548 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
2550 =item A Class is Simply a Package
2552 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
2554 =item Method Invocation
2558 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
2560 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
2566 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
2574 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
2586 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
2590 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
2595 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
2596 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
2597 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, DESTROY this
2599 =item Tying FileHandles
2601 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
2602 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, DESTROY this
2604 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
2616 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
2622 =item OO SCALING TIPS
2624 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
2626 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
2628 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
2630 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
2632 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
2634 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
2636 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
2638 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
2640 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
2646 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
2647 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
2663 =item Using open() for IPC
2669 =item Background Processes
2671 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
2673 =item Safe Pipe Opens
2675 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
2677 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
2681 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
2685 =item Internet Line Terminators
2687 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
2689 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
2693 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
2697 =item A Simple Client
2699 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
2701 =item A Webget Client
2703 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
2707 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
2709 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
2711 =item UDP: Message Passing
2725 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
2733 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
2734 B<filter_fetch_value>
2740 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
2742 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
2752 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
2758 =item The Perl Debugger
2762 =item Debugger Commands
2764 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
2765 [expr], E<lt>CRE<gt>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l
2766 subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]pattern],
2767 t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
2768 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
2769 command, A, W [expr], W, O [opt[=val]] [opt"val"] [opt?]..,
2770 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
2771 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
2772 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
2773 C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
2774 C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
2775 C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>, E<lt> [ command ],
2776 E<lt>E<lt> command, E<gt> command, E<gt>E<gt> command, { [ command ], {{
2777 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R,
2778 |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, m package
2780 =item Debugger input/output
2782 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Listing, Frame listing
2784 =item Debugging compile-time statements
2786 =item Debugger Customization
2788 =item Readline Support
2790 =item Editor Support for Debugging
2792 =item The Perl Profiler
2794 =item Debugger support in perl
2796 =item Debugger Internals
2798 =item Other resources
2804 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
2808 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
2810 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
2811 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
2814 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
2816 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
2818 =item B<-DL> details
2822 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistic
2826 =item Debugging regular expressions
2830 =item Compile-time output
2832 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
2833 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
2834 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
2837 =item Types of nodes
2839 =item Run-time output
2845 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2853 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2861 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2863 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2865 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2869 =item Protecting Your Programs
2877 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
2895 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
2897 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
2898 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
2899 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
2900 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
2902 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
2904 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
2905 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
2906 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance
2910 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
2912 =item Numerical Traps
2914 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
2916 =item General data type traps
2918 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
2919 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
2921 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
2923 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
2925 =item Precedence Traps
2927 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
2930 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
2932 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
2933 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
2936 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
2938 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
2944 =item Interpolation Traps
2946 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
2947 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
2953 =item Unclassified Traps
2955 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
2962 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2968 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2977 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2979 =item Files and Filesystems
2981 =item System Interaction
2983 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2985 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2987 =item Standard Modules
2991 =item Character sets and character encoding
2993 =item Internationalisation
2995 =item System Resources
3005 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
3006 C<http://www.perl.org/cpan-testers/>
3014 =item DOS and Derivatives
3016 The djgpp environment for DOS, C<http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/>, The EMX
3017 environment for DOS, OS/2, etc.
3018 C<emx@iaehv.nl>,C<http://www.leo.org/pub/comp/os/os2/leo/gnu/emx+gcc/index.
3020 C<ftp://hobbes.nmsu.edu/pub/os2/dev/emx>, Build instructions for Win32,
3021 L<perlwin32>, The ActiveState Pages, C<http://www.activestate.com/>, The
3022 Cygwin environment for Win32;
3023 L<README.cygwin>,C<http://sourceware.cygnus.com/cygwin/>, The U/WIN
3024 environment for Win32,C<http://www.research.att.com/sw/tools/uwin/>
3028 The MacPerl Pages, C<http://www.macperl.com/>, The MacPerl mailing lists,
3029 C<http://www.macperl.org/>, MacPerl Module Porters,
3030 C<http://pudge.net/mmp/>
3034 L<README.vms>, L<perlvms.pod>, vmsperl list, C<majordomo@perl.org>, vmsperl
3035 on the web, C<http://www.sidhe.org/vmsperl/index.html>
3039 L<README.vos>, VOS mailing list, VOS Perl on the web at
3040 C<http://ftp.stratus.com/pub/vos/vos.html>
3042 =item EBCDIC Platforms
3044 L<README.os390>, L<README.posix-bc>, L<README.vmesa>, perl-mvs list, AS/400
3045 Perl information at C<http://as400.rochester.ibm.com/>as well as on CPAN in
3046 the F<ports/> directory
3052 Amiga, L<README.amiga>, Atari, L<README.mint> and Guido Flohr's web
3053 pageC<http://stud.uni-sb.de/~gufl0000/>, Be OS, L<README.beos>, HP 300
3054 MPE/iX, L<README.mpeix> and Mark Bixby's web
3055 pageC<http://www.cccd.edu/~markb/perlix.html>, Novell Netware, Plan 9,
3060 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
3064 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
3066 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown
3067 LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen
3068 HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
3069 flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid,
3070 getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME,
3071 getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber
3072 NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent,
3073 getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent
3074 STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN,
3075 endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
3076 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl
3077 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat
3078 FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
3079 ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
3080 FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
3081 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
3082 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
3083 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl
3084 ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite
3085 ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat
3086 FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
3087 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
3088 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
3089 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
3095 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
3096 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
3097 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
3098 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
3099 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
3101 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
3107 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
3115 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
3123 =item Verbatim Paragraph
3125 =item Command Paragraph
3127 =item Ordinary Block of Text
3131 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
3133 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
3143 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
3151 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3161 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3162 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3166 =item Compiling your C program
3168 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3170 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3172 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3174 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3176 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3178 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3180 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3182 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3187 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3197 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
3205 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
3206 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
3207 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
3208 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
3209 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
3210 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
3211 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
3212 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
3213 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
3214 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
3218 =item Co-existence with stdio
3220 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
3221 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
3222 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
3223 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
3224 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
3225 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
3231 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3243 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3245 =item The Argument Stack
3247 =item The RETVAL Variable
3249 =item The MODULE Keyword
3251 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3253 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3255 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3257 =item The CODE: Keyword
3259 =item The INIT: Keyword
3261 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3263 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3265 =item Default Parameter Values
3267 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3269 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3271 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3273 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3275 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3277 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3279 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3281 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3283 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3285 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3287 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3289 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3291 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3293 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3295 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3297 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3299 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3301 =item The CASE: Keyword
3303 =item The & Unary Operator
3305 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3307 =item Using XS With C++
3309 =item Interface Strategy
3311 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3325 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3337 =item Version caveat
3339 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3351 =item What has gone on?
3353 =item Writing good test scripts
3357 =item What's new here?
3359 =item Input and Output Parameters
3361 =item The XSUBPP Program
3363 =item The TYPEMAP file
3365 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3369 =item What has happened here?
3371 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3373 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3375 =item More about XSUB arguments
3377 =item The Argument Stack
3379 =item Extending your Extension
3381 =item Documenting your Extension
3383 =item Installing your Extension
3387 =item New Things in this Example
3389 =item EXAMPLE 6 (Coming Soon)
3391 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3393 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3395 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3397 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3413 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3425 =item What is an "IV"?
3427 =item Working with SVs
3429 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3431 =item Working with AVs
3433 =item Working with HVs
3435 =item Hash API Extensions
3439 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3441 =item Creating New Variables
3443 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3445 =item Stashes and Globs
3447 =item Double-Typed SVs
3449 =item Magic Variables
3451 =item Assigning Magic
3453 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3457 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3459 =item Localizing changes
3461 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3462 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP
3463 *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char
3464 *key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void
3465 *p)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>,
3466 C<SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV
3467 *gv)>, C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32
3468 maxsarg)>, C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>,
3469 C<void save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3477 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3479 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3481 =item Memory Allocation
3485 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3489 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3499 =item Examining the tree
3501 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3503 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3505 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3507 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3511 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3515 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3517 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3519 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3529 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3535 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3537 =item THE PERL_CALL FUNCTIONS
3539 perl_call_sv, perl_call_pv, perl_call_method, perl_call_argv
3559 =item Determining the Context
3563 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3569 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3571 =item Passing Parameters
3573 =item Returning a Scalar
3575 =item Returning a list of values
3577 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3579 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3583 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3585 =item Using perl_call_sv
3587 =item Using perl_call_argv
3589 =item Using perl_call_method
3593 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3595 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3597 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3598 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3601 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3603 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3615 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3625 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3629 =item Using The Back Ends
3633 =item The Cross Referencing Back End (B::Xref)
3637 =item The Decompiling Back End
3639 =item The Lint Back End (B::Lint)
3641 =item The Simple C Back End
3643 =item The Bytecode Back End
3645 =item The Optimized C Back End
3647 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3648 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3649 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3653 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3659 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3665 AvFILL, av_clear, av_extend, av_fetch, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push,
3666 av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
3667 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS,
3668 dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS,
3669 get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth,
3670 gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY,
3671 G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY,
3672 HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear,
3673 hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
3674 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
3675 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
3676 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number,
3677 MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical,
3678 mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc,
3679 NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv,
3680 newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK,
3681 perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run,
3682 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_modglobal, PL_na,
3683 PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi,
3684 PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv,
3685 RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE,
3686 strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set,
3687 SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only,
3688 SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
3689 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off,
3690 SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT,
3691 SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC,
3692 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off,
3693 SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV,
3694 SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUPGRADE, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless,
3695 sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg,
3696 sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_cmp, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq,
3697 sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_magic,
3698 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg,
3699 sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
3700 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
3701 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_unref,
3702 sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS,
3703 toLOWER, toUPPER, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS,
3704 XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV,
3705 XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV,
3706 XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
3714 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3727 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
3735 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
3747 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
3749 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
3753 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
3757 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
3759 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
3771 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
3781 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
3791 =item Built-in Attributes
3795 =item Available Subroutines
3799 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
3801 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
3803 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
3811 =item Default exports
3813 =item Available exports
3815 =item Export tags defined
3825 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
3837 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
3853 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
3867 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
3881 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to turn force treating strings as bytes not
3892 =head2 caller - inherit pragmatic attributes from the context of the caller
3904 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
3913 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
3919 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
3929 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
3939 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
3950 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
3952 =item The I<splain> Program
3966 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
3978 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
3984 $can_perhaps_read = -r "file"; # use the mode bits
3986 use filetest 'access'; # intuit harder
3987 $can_really_read = -r "file";
3989 $can_perhaps_read = -r "file"; # use the mode bits again
3995 =item subpragma access
4001 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
4012 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
4022 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
4032 =item Adding directories to @INC
4034 =item Deleting directories from @INC
4036 =item Restoring original @INC
4046 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
4057 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
4069 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
4079 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
4081 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
4083 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
4085 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
4087 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
4089 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
4091 =item Overloadable Operations
4093 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
4094 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
4095 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
4097 =item Inheritance and overloading
4099 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
4100 is inherited by derived classes
4104 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
4112 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
4114 =item Copy Constructor
4120 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
4122 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
4123 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
4124 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
4127 =item Losing overloading
4129 =item Run-time Overloading
4131 =item Public functions
4133 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
4135 =item Overloading constants
4137 integer, float, binary, q, qr
4139 =item IMPLEMENTATION
4141 =item Metaphor clash
4147 =item Two-face scalars
4149 =item Two-face references
4151 =item Symbolic calculator
4153 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
4165 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
4175 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
4187 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
4189 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
4193 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
4197 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
4205 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
4213 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
4217 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
4227 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to turn on UTF-8 and Unicode support
4239 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
4249 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
4259 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
4261 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
4271 =item DBM Comparisons
4281 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
4291 =item Subroutine Stubs
4293 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
4295 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
4297 =item Package Lexicals
4299 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
4309 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
4317 $keep, $check, $modtime
4321 =item Multiple packages
4329 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
4337 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
4341 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
4349 IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv
4363 =item B::PVMG METHODS
4367 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
4369 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
4371 =item B::PVLV METHODS
4373 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
4377 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
4381 NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, FILEGV,
4386 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
4387 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
4391 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
4395 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
4400 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
4402 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
4406 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
4408 =item B::UNOP METHOD
4412 =item B::BINOP METHOD
4416 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
4420 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
4424 =item B::PMOP METHODS
4426 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
4428 =item B::SVOP METHOD
4432 =item B::PADOP METHOD
4436 =item B::PVOP METHOD
4440 =item B::LOOP METHODS
4442 redoop, nextop, lastop
4444 =item B::COP METHODS
4446 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
4450 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
4452 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
4453 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
4454 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM),
4455 hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
4461 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
4474 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
4486 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
4498 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
4508 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
4509 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-fstrip-syntax-tree>,
4510 B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-m>
4520 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
4530 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
4531 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>
4541 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
4551 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
4552 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
4553 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
4565 =item Context of ".."
4569 =item Deprecated features
4577 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
4589 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
4599 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I<PACKAGE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
4600 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>
4602 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
4622 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
4634 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
4642 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
4644 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
4645 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
4647 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
4657 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
4667 =item IMPLEMENTATION
4673 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
4685 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
4697 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
4709 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
4719 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
4727 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
4739 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
4753 =item Standard Exports
4755 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
4756 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
4757 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
4759 =item Optional Exports
4761 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
4762 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
4763 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
4779 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
4783 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
4797 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
4807 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
4808 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-fstrip-syntax-tree>,
4809 B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-m>
4819 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
4831 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
4833 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
4835 1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. Forexample,
4836 -value is an alias for -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values,
4837 3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g. '-values'
4839 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
4841 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
4843 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
4845 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
4847 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
4849 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
4851 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
4853 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
4855 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
4857 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
4859 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
4861 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
4863 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
4865 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
4867 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
4869 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
4870 B<:standard>, B<:all>
4874 -any, -compile, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug,
4877 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
4879 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
4880 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
4885 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
4889 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
4891 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
4893 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
4895 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
4897 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
4899 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
4901 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
4903 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
4906 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
4910 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
4914 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
4916 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
4918 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
4920 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
4922 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
4926 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
4930 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
4932 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
4934 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
4936 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
4940 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
4942 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
4944 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
4948 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
4950 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
4954 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
4958 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
4962 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
4966 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
4970 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
4972 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
4974 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
4978 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
4980 B<Parameters:>, 3.The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type,
4982 TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
4984 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
4990 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
4991 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
4993 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
4995 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
4996 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
4999 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
5005 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
5009 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
5011 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
5012 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>Return the script
5013 name as a partial URL, for self-refering
5014 scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host
5015 ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
5016 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
5018 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
5020 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
5021 parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
5026 multipart_init(-boundary=>$boundary);, multipart_start(), multipart_end()
5028 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
5030 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
5031 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
5033 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
5035 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
5039 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
5040 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
5041 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
5042 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
5043 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
5044 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
5045 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
5046 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
5047 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
5048 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
5049 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
5050 ...and many many more..
5052 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
5060 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
5070 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
5078 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
5087 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
5089 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
5093 =item Changing the default message
5105 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
5113 =item USING CGI::Cookie
5115 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
5119 =item Creating New Cookies
5121 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
5123 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
5125 =item Manipulating Cookies
5127 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
5131 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
5139 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
5147 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
5149 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
5151 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
5153 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
5157 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
5165 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
5175 =item Tags that won't be formatted
5177 =item Customizing the Indenting
5189 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
5197 =item USING CGI::Push
5199 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
5203 =item Heterogeneous Pages
5205 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
5209 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
5211 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
5219 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
5229 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
5237 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
5247 =item Interactive Mode
5249 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
5250 install, clean modules or distributions, readme, look module or
5251 distribution, Signals
5259 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
5261 =item ProgrammerE<39>s interface
5263 expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
5265 =item Methods in the four Classes
5273 =item Finding packages and VERSION
5277 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
5283 o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
5284 E<lt>valueE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>, o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
5285 [shift|pop], o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice]
5290 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
5292 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
5300 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
5302 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
5304 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
5314 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
5324 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
5337 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
5347 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
5355 =head2 Carp::Heavy - Carp guts
5365 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
5375 =item The C<struct()> function
5377 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
5379 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
5380 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
5382 =item Initializing with C<new>
5388 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
5390 =item Author and Modification History
5394 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
5402 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
5414 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
5418 C<afs>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>, C<api_revision>,
5419 C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>, C<ar>, C<archlib>,
5420 C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>, C<awk>
5424 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
5425 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
5429 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
5430 C<ccsymbols>, C<cf_by>, C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>,
5431 C<chmod>, C<chown>, C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>
5435 C<CONFIGDOTSH>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>, C<cpp_stuff>,
5436 C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>, C<cpprun>,
5437 C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crosscompile>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
5441 C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>, C<d_atolf>,
5442 C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bincompat5005>,
5443 C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>,
5444 C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>,
5445 C<d_closedir>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>,
5446 C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>,
5447 C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>,
5448 C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>,
5449 C<d_endsent>, C<d_endspent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchmod>,
5450 C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
5451 C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fpathconf>,
5452 C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>,
5453 C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getgrent>,
5454 C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>,
5455 C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>,
5456 C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
5457 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>,
5458 C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>,
5459 C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>,
5460 C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspent>, C<d_getspnam>,
5461 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
5462 C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_killpg>,
5463 C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
5464 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>,
5465 C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>,
5466 C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_msg>,
5467 C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>,
5468 C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
5469 C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nvpresuv>, C<d_off64_t>,
5470 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
5471 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>,
5472 C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEldbl>,
5473 C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>,
5474 C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIX64>, C<d_pthread_yield>,
5475 C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>,
5476 C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>,
5477 C<d_readlink>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
5478 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
5479 C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
5480 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>,
5481 C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>,
5482 C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>,
5483 C<d_setprior>, C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
5484 C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
5485 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setspent>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
5486 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
5487 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_socket>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_statblks>,
5488 C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>,
5489 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
5490 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
5491 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>,
5492 C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>,
5493 C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
5494 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
5495 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>,
5496 C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorbin>,
5497 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>,
5498 C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
5499 C<d_wctomb>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>,
5500 C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>,
5501 C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
5505 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
5506 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
5510 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
5511 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>, C<full_sed>
5515 C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>,
5516 C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
5520 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<huge>
5524 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
5525 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
5526 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
5527 C<i_grp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
5528 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
5529 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_pthread>,
5530 C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
5531 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sysaccess>,
5532 C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>,
5533 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
5534 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
5535 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
5536 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
5537 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
5538 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
5539 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
5540 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
5541 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
5542 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
5543 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
5544 C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
5548 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
5552 C<large>, C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldlibpthname>, C<less>,
5553 C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libswanted>,
5554 C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>,
5555 C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>,
5556 C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
5560 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
5561 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
5562 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
5566 C<Mcc>, C<medium>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<models>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
5567 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
5571 C<n>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>, C<netdb_name_type>,
5572 C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>, C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>,
5573 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
5577 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
5578 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>
5582 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl>
5586 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
5587 C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>, C<pmake>, C<pr>,
5588 C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>, C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>,
5593 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
5597 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>, C<rm>,
5602 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
5603 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
5604 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
5605 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<signal_t>,
5606 C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>,
5607 C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>,
5608 C<smail>, C<small>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<sort>,
5609 C<spackage>, C<spitshell>, C<split>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>,
5610 C<sPRIEldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGldbl>,
5611 C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIX64>, C<src>,
5612 C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>,
5613 C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>,
5614 C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>,
5619 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>, C<timetype>,
5620 C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
5624 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
5625 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
5626 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bits>, C<usedl>,
5627 C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<uselonglong>,
5628 C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>,
5629 C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>,
5630 C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>,
5631 C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>
5635 C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlibexp>,
5636 C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
5652 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
5662 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
5674 =item Global Variables
5676 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
5677 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
5682 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
5683 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
5685 =item Client Callback Methods
5687 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
5688 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
5689 CLIENT->output(LIST)
5699 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
5707 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
5711 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
5713 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
5715 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
5717 =item Default Parameters
5719 =item In Memory Databases
5727 =item A Simple Example
5735 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
5737 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
5739 =item The get_dup() Method
5741 =item The find_dup() Method
5743 =item The del_dup() Method
5745 =item Matching Partial Keys
5753 =item The 'bval' Option
5755 =item A Simple Example
5757 =item Extra RECNO Methods
5759 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
5760 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
5762 =item Another Example
5766 =item THE API INTERFACE
5768 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
5769 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
5770 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
5771 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
5775 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
5776 B<filter_fetch_value>
5782 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
5784 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
5788 =item HINTS AND TIPS
5792 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
5794 =item Safe ways to lock a database
5796 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
5798 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
5800 =item The untie() Gotcha
5804 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
5808 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
5810 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
5812 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
5814 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
5834 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
5835 printing and C<eval>
5847 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
5848 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dumpxs I<or>
5849 I<PACKAGE>->Dumpxs(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>),
5850 I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
5851 I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Reset
5855 Dumper(I<LIST>), DumperX(I<LIST>)
5857 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
5859 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5860 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5861 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5862 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5863 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5864 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5865 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5866 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5867 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5868 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5869 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
5870 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
5890 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
5898 =item PROFILE FORMAT
5910 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
5922 =item A simple scalar string
5924 =item A simple scalar number
5926 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
5928 =item A reference to a simple scalar
5930 =item A reference to an array
5932 =item A reference to a hash
5934 =item Dumping a large array or hash
5936 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
5938 =item A reference to a subroutine
5952 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
5962 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
5972 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
5984 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
5985 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
5986 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
5991 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
5992 veryCompact, set, get
5998 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
6006 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
6007 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
6008 dl_load_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
6009 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
6016 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
6029 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
6040 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables
6052 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
6066 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
6078 =item Selecting What To Export
6080 =item Specialised Import Lists
6082 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
6084 =item Module Version Checking
6086 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
6088 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
6094 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
6104 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
6125 mv source... destination
6127 cp source... destination
6145 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
6157 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
6158 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
6168 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
6178 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
6190 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
6191 packlist(), version()
6199 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
6207 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
6213 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
6223 =item VMS implementation
6225 =item Win32 implementation
6233 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
6242 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
6246 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
6257 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
6269 =item Preloaded methods
6289 =item SelfLoaded methods
6335 file_name_is_absolute
6341 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
6381 maybe_command_in_dirs
6419 replace_manpage_separator
6433 test_via_harness (o)
6463 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
6474 =item Methods always loaded
6486 =item SelfLoaded methods
6488 guess_name (override)
6492 find_perl (override)
6496 maybe_command (override)
6498 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
6500 perl_script (override)
6502 file_name_is_absolute (override)
6504 replace_manpage_separator
6506 init_others (override)
6508 constants (override)
6512 const_cccmd (override)
6514 pm_to_blib (override)
6516 tool_autosplit (override)
6518 tool_sxubpp (override)
6520 xsubpp_version (override)
6522 tools_other (override)
6532 top_targets (override)
6536 dynamic_lib (override)
6538 dynamic_bs (override)
6540 static_lib (override)
6542 manifypods (override)
6544 processPL (override)
6546 installbin (override)
6552 realclean (override)
6554 dist_basics (override)
6556 dist_core (override)
6560 dist_test (override)
6564 perldepend (override)
6570 test_via_harness (override)
6572 test_via_script (override)
6574 makeaperl (override)
6578 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
6605 test_via_harness (o)
6607 tool_autosplit (override)
6625 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
6635 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
6637 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
6645 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
6649 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
6651 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
6653 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
6655 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
6657 AUTHOR, ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
6658 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
6659 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
6660 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
6661 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
6662 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
6663 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
6664 INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_MAN1DIR,
6665 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, PERL_MALLOC_OK, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS,
6666 LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB,
6667 NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL,
6668 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES,
6669 PM, PMLIBDIRS, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX,
6670 PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
6673 =item Additional lowercase attributes
6675 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
6678 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
6680 =item Hintsfile support
6682 =item Distribution Support
6684 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
6685 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
6686 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
6688 =item Disabling an extension
6702 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
6714 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
6718 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
6719 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
6727 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
6739 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
6749 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
6758 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
6766 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
6778 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
6786 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
6796 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
6808 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
6818 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
6822 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
6830 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
6834 C<basename>, C<dirname>
6838 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
6848 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
6862 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
6872 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
6874 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
6884 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
6892 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
6904 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
6912 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<follow>, C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>,
6913 C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
6919 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
6927 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>, C<GLOB_NOSORT>,
6928 C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>, C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>
6932 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
6940 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
6952 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
6966 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
6984 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
7012 file_name_is_absolute
7022 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
7032 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
7062 file_name_is_absolute
7084 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
7100 =item Methods always loaded
7120 file_name_is_absolute (override)
7128 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
7162 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
7176 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
7188 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
7196 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
7202 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
7210 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
7220 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
7236 =head2 Getopt::Long, GetOptions - extended processing of command line
7249 =item Linkage specification
7251 =item Aliases and abbreviations
7253 =item Non-option call-back routine
7255 =item Option starters
7257 =item Return values and Errors
7265 =item CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
7267 default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, require_order, permute, bundling
7268 (default: reset), bundling_override (default: reset), ignore_case
7269 (default: set), ignore_case_always (default: reset), pass_through (default:
7270 reset), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: reset)
7272 =item OTHER USEFUL VARIABLES
7274 $Getopt::Long::VERSION, $Getopt::Long::error
7278 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
7282 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
7293 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
7304 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
7314 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
7322 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
7323 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
7333 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
7343 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
7347 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
7355 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
7365 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
7369 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
7370 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
7371 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
7372 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
7384 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
7394 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
7398 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
7408 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
7418 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
7419 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
7429 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
7443 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
7457 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
7458 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
7459 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
7469 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
7483 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]),
7484 sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
7494 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
7510 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
7523 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
7537 hostpath(), peerpath()
7547 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
7556 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
7557 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
7567 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
7577 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
7581 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
7589 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
7600 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
7604 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
7605 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
7606 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
7607 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
7619 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
7629 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
7633 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
7643 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
7653 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
7654 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
7664 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
7679 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
7694 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
7695 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
7696 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
7706 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
7721 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]),
7722 sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
7732 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
7733 AF_INET domain sockets
7749 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
7762 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
7763 AF_UNIX domain sockets
7777 hostpath(), peerpath()
7787 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
7797 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
7798 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
7809 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
7823 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
7836 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
7846 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
7847 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
7848 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
7859 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
7877 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
7887 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
7888 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
7899 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
7910 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
7911 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
7912 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
7923 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
7931 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is
7940 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
7948 Canonical notation, Input, Output
7952 =item Autocreating constants
7960 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
7973 =item STRINGIFICATION
7977 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
7979 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
7987 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
7995 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
8001 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
8003 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
8007 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
8009 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
8013 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
8015 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
8017 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
8018 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
8022 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES
8032 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
8042 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
8054 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
8055 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
8065 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
8082 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
8099 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
8114 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
8131 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
8141 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8147 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
8157 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
8169 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
8171 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
8172 or optag, an operator set (opset)
8174 =item Opcode Functions
8176 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
8177 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
8178 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
8181 =item Manipulating Opsets
8189 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
8191 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
8192 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
8193 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
8202 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
8211 a new namespace, an operator mask
8217 =item RECENT CHANGES
8219 =item Methods in class Safe
8221 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
8222 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
8223 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
8224 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
8226 =item Some Safety Issues
8228 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
8236 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
8249 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
8263 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
8264 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
8265 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
8266 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
8267 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
8268 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
8269 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
8270 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
8271 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
8272 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
8273 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
8274 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
8275 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
8276 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
8277 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
8278 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
8279 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
8280 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
8281 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
8282 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
8283 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, stroul, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr,
8284 strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh,
8285 tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times,
8286 tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname,
8287 ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid,
8288 wcstombs, wctomb, write
8294 =item POSIX::SigAction
8300 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
8302 =item POSIX::Termios
8304 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
8305 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
8306 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
8307 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
8308 values, c_oflag field values
8312 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
8316 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
8320 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
8380 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
8386 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
8392 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
8414 =head2 Pod::Checker, Pod::Hyperlink - class for manipulation of POD
8425 new(), parse(), markup($on,$off,$pageon,$pageoff), text(), warning(),
8426 page(), node(), type(), alttext(), line(), file()
8432 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
8442 help, htmldir, htmlroot, infile, outfile, podroot, podpath, libpods,
8443 netscape, nonetscape, index, noindex, recurse, norecurse, title, css,
8458 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
8471 B<Pod::InputSource>, B<Pod::Paragraph>, B<Pod::InteriorSequence>,
8478 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
8502 =item B<was_cutting()>
8508 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
8538 =item B<cmd_prefix()>
8544 =item B<cmd_separator()>
8550 =item B<parse_tree()>
8556 =item B<file_line()>
8562 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
8604 =item B<left_delimiter()>
8610 =item B<right_delimiter()>
8616 =item B<parse_tree()>
8622 =item B<file_line()>
8634 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
8688 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
8696 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, release,
8701 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not `%s', Invalid link %s, Unknown escape
8702 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, Unmatched =back
8714 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
8726 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
8728 =item PARSING OPTIONS
8730 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset)
8736 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
8744 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
8752 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
8758 =item B<textblock()>
8760 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
8766 =item B<interior_sequence()>
8772 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
8784 =item B<initialize()>
8790 =item B<begin_pod()>
8796 =item B<begin_input()>
8802 =item B<end_input()>
8814 =item B<preprocess_line()>
8820 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
8826 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
8832 =item B<parse_text()>
8834 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
8835 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
8836 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
8842 =item B<interpolate()>
8848 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
8854 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
8860 =item B<parse_from_file()>
8866 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
8884 =item B<parseopts()>
8890 =item B<output_file()>
8896 =item B<output_handle()>
8902 =item B<input_file()>
8908 =item B<input_handle()>
8914 =item B<input_streams()>
8920 =item B<top_stream()>
8926 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
8932 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
8938 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
8944 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
8952 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
8965 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
8967 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
8973 =item OBJECT METHODS
8979 =item B<curr_headings()>
8991 =item B<add_selection()>
8997 =item B<clear_selections()>
9003 =item B<match_section()>
9009 =item B<is_selected()>
9015 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
9021 =item B<podselect()>
9023 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
9029 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
9035 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
9041 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
9047 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
9059 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
9067 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
9071 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
9072 Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
9084 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
9100 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
9101 text with format escapes
9115 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
9124 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
9133 =item Recommended Use
9141 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
9145 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
9155 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
9163 a new namespace, an operator mask
9169 =item RECENT CHANGES
9171 =item Methods in class Safe
9173 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
9174 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
9175 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
9176 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
9178 =item Some Safety Issues
9180 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
9188 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
9198 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
9208 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
9218 =item The __DATA__ token
9220 =item SelfLoader autoloading
9222 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
9224 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
9226 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
9228 =item Classes and inherited methods.
9232 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
9236 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
9248 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
9249 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
9257 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
9258 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
9259 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
9260 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
9261 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
9265 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
9275 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
9287 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
9288 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
9296 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
9297 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
9310 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
9322 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
9330 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
9340 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
9341 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
9349 =item Minimal set of supported functions
9351 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
9352 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
9354 =item Additional supported functions
9356 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
9364 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
9374 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
9386 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
9396 =item The test script output
9404 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
9405 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
9406 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
9419 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
9431 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
9442 0a simple word, 1multiple spaces are skipped because of our $delim, 2use of
9443 quotes to include a space in a word, 3use of a backslash to include a space
9444 in a word, 4use of a backslash to remove the special meaning of a
9445 double-quote, 5another simple word (note the lack of effect of the
9446 backslashed double-quote)
9452 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
9469 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
9484 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
9498 =head2 Thread - multithreading
9508 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
9509 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
9510 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
9514 join, eval, detach, equal, tid
9522 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
9530 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
9532 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
9538 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
9546 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
9548 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
9552 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
9564 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
9574 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
9582 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
9583 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
9584 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
9585 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
9593 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
9602 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
9603 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
9604 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
9605 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
9607 =item MORE INFORMATION
9611 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
9619 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
9620 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
9624 =item MORE INFORMATION
9628 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
9646 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
9655 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
9657 =item MORE INFORMATION
9661 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
9673 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
9681 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9687 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
9702 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
9717 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
9729 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
9737 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
9738 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
9742 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
9757 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
9772 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
9784 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
9786 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
9787 don't all have manual pages yet:
9813 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles