4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Platform-Specific
56 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
66 =item Running Perl programs
68 =item Basic syntax overview
70 =item Perl variable types
72 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
74 =item Variable scoping
76 =item Conditional and looping constructs
78 if, while, for, foreach
80 =item Builtin operators and functions
82 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
87 =item Regular expressions
89 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
90 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
92 =item Writing subroutines
96 =item Using Perl modules
104 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2001/11/19
113 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
115 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
117 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
121 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
123 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
125 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
127 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
129 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
131 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
135 =item About the perlfaq documents
139 =item Where to get the perlfaq
141 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
143 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
150 =item Author and Copyright Information
154 =item Bundled Distributions
162 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
163 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
164 Initial Release: 11/March/97
168 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
176 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
186 =item Simple statements
188 =item Compound statements
196 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
200 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
202 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
208 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
222 =item Scalar value constructors
224 =item List value constructors
228 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
236 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
246 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
248 =item The Arrow Operator
250 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
254 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
256 =item Binding Operators
258 =item Multiplicative Operators
260 =item Additive Operators
262 =item Shift Operators
264 =item Named Unary Operators
266 =item Relational Operators
268 =item Equality Operators
272 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
274 =item C-style Logical And
276 =item C-style Logical Or
278 =item Range Operators
280 =item Conditional Operator
282 =item Assignment Operators
286 =item List Operators (Rightward)
292 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
294 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
296 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
298 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
300 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
302 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
303 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
304 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
305 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
307 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
309 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
310 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
311 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
312 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
317 =item Constant Folding
319 =item Bitwise String Operators
321 =item Integer Arithmetic
323 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
331 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
341 =item Private Variables via my()
343 =item Persistent Private Variables
345 =item Temporary Values via local()
347 =item Lvalue subroutines
349 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
351 =item When to Still Use local()
353 =item Pass by Reference
357 =item Constant Functions
359 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
363 =item Subroutine Attributes
371 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
379 =item Perl Functions by Category
381 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
382 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
383 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
384 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
385 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
386 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
387 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
388 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
389 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
390 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
395 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
397 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
398 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
399 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
400 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
401 chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr
402 NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir
403 DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt
404 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR,
405 defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR,
406 dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
407 BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
408 fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
409 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
410 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
411 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
412 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
413 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
414 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
415 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
416 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
417 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
418 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
419 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
420 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
421 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
422 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc,
423 lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
424 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log,
425 lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK,
426 mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
427 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES,
428 next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
429 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
430 FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord
431 EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
432 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
433 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
434 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
435 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
436 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
437 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
438 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
439 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
440 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
441 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
442 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
443 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
444 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
445 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
446 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
447 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
448 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
449 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
450 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
451 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
452 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
453 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
454 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
455 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
456 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
457 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
458 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
459 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
460 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
461 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
462 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
463 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
464 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
465 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
466 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
467 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
468 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
469 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
475 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
481 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
489 =item Making References
491 =item Using References
509 =item Distribution Conditions
515 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
521 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
522 more elaborate constructs
526 =item COMMON MISTAKES
528 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
530 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
536 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
540 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
542 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
544 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
548 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
552 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
554 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
556 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
560 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
564 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
566 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
568 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
572 =item HASHES OF HASHES
576 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
578 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
580 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
584 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
588 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
590 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
592 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
604 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
614 =item Simple word matching
616 =item Using character classes
618 =item Matching this or that
620 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
622 =item Extracting matches
624 =item Matching repetitions
628 =item Search and replace
630 =item The split operator
638 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
642 =item Acknowledgments
648 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
656 =item Ordinary Paragraph
658 =item Verbatim Paragraph
660 =item Command Paragraph
662 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
663 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
664 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
665 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
667 =item Formatting Codes
669 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
670 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
671 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
672 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
673 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
674 (zero-effect) formatting code
678 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
680 =item Hints for Writing Pod
690 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
697 =item Pod Definitions
701 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
702 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
704 =item Pod Formatting Codes
706 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
707 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
708 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
709 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
710 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
711 contains non-breaking spaces
713 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
715 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
717 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
719 =item About =over...=back Regions
721 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
729 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
737 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
755 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
757 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
758 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
759 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
760 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
762 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
764 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
765 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
766 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
770 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
772 =item Numerical Traps
774 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
776 =item General data type traps
778 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
779 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
781 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
783 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
785 =item Precedence Traps
787 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
790 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
792 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
793 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
796 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
798 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
804 =item Interpolation Traps
806 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
807 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
813 =item Unclassified Traps
815 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
822 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
832 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
834 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
836 =item Location of Perl
838 =item Command Switches
840 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
841 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
842 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
843 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
844 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
845 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
846 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
852 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
853 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
854 PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to
859 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
867 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
875 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
877 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
879 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
883 =item Backward Compatibility
885 =item Category Hierarchy
889 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
901 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
909 =item Looking at data and -w and w
913 =item Stepping through code
915 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
917 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
935 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
941 =item The Perl Debugger
945 =item Debugger Commands
947 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
948 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
949 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
950 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
951 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
952 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
953 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
954 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
955 cmd, @ file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man
958 =item Configurable Options
960 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
961 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
962 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
963 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
964 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
965 C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
967 =item Debugger input/output
969 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
972 =item Debugging compile-time statements
974 =item Debugger Customization
976 =item Readline Support
978 =item Editor Support for Debugging
980 =item The Perl Profiler
984 =item Debugging regular expressions
986 =item Debugging memory usage
994 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1002 =item Predefined Names
1004 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1005 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1006 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1007 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1008 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1009 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1010 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1011 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1012 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1013 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1014 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1015 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1016 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1017 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1018 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1019 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1020 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1021 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1022 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1023 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1024 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1025 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1026 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1027 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1028 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1029 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1030 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1031 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1032 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1033 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1035 =item Error Indicators
1037 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1045 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1053 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1055 =item Growing Your Own
1057 =item Access and Printing
1069 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1075 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1083 =item The Minus File
1085 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1091 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1095 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1099 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1103 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1105 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1107 =item Paths as Opens
1109 =item Single Argument Open
1111 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1115 =item Other I/O Issues
1119 =item Opening Non-File Files
1129 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1135 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1141 =item The Basic Principle
1145 =item Packing Numbers
1151 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1153 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1155 =item Floating point Numbers
1159 =item Exotic Templates
1171 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1175 =item Lengths and Widths
1179 =item String Lengths
1181 =item Dynamic Templates
1185 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1189 =item The Alignment Pit
1191 =item Alignment, Take 2
1193 =item Alignment, Take 3
1195 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1201 =item Funnies Section
1207 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1213 =item Part 1: The basics
1217 =item Simple word matching
1219 =item Using character classes
1221 =item Matching this or that
1223 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1225 =item Extracting matches
1227 =item Matching repetitions
1229 =item Building a regexp
1231 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1235 =item Part 2: Power tools
1239 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1241 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1243 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1245 =item Non-capturing groupings
1247 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1249 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1251 =item Conditional expressions
1253 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1255 =item Pragmas and debugging
1263 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1267 =item Acknowledgments
1273 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1283 =item Regular Expressions
1285 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1287 =item Extended Patterns
1289 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1290 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1291 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1292 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1296 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1298 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1300 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1302 =item Combining pieces together
1304 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1305 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1306 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1307 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1309 =item Creating custom RE engines
1319 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1329 =item Making References
1331 =item Using References
1333 =item Symbolic references
1335 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1337 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1339 =item Function Templates
1349 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1357 =item Format Variables
1367 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1375 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1383 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1385 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1387 =item Invoking a barnyard
1389 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1391 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1393 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1395 =item A few notes about @ISA
1397 =item Overriding the methods
1399 =item Starting the search from a different place
1401 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1403 =item Where we're at so far...
1405 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1407 =item Invoking an instance method
1409 =item Accessing the instance data
1411 =item How to build a horse
1413 =item Inheriting the constructor
1415 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1417 =item Adding parameters to a method
1419 =item More interesting instances
1421 =item A horse of a different color
1433 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1439 =item Creating a Class
1443 =item Object Representation
1445 =item Class Interface
1447 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1449 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1453 =item Other Object Methods
1461 =item Accessing Class Data
1463 =item Debugging Methods
1465 =item Class Destructors
1467 =item Documenting the Interface
1477 =item Overridden Methods
1479 =item Multiple Inheritance
1481 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1485 =item Alternate Object Representations
1489 =item Arrays as Objects
1491 =item Closures as Objects
1495 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1499 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1501 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1505 =item Metaclassical Tools
1511 =item Data Members as Variables
1519 =item Object Terminology
1525 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1531 =item Acknowledgments
1537 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1543 =item Class Data in a Can
1545 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1549 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1551 =item Inheritance Concerns
1553 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1555 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1557 =item Monadic Classes
1559 =item Translucent Attributes
1563 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1567 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1569 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1571 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1573 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1575 =item Translucency Revisited
1583 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1585 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1591 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1599 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1601 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1603 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1605 =item Method Invocation
1607 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1609 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1611 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1617 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1625 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1631 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1633 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1635 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1637 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1639 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1641 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1643 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1645 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1647 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1649 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1655 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1667 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1672 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1673 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1674 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1675 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1680 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1681 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1682 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1684 =item Tying FileHandles
1686 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1687 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1692 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1704 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1705 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1721 =item Using open() for IPC
1727 =item Background Processes
1729 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1731 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1733 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1735 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1739 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1743 =item Internet Line Terminators
1745 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1747 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1751 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1755 =item A Simple Client
1757 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1759 =item A Webget Client
1761 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1765 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1767 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1769 =item UDP: Message Passing
1783 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1793 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1795 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1796 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1797 files, directories and network sockets
1799 =item Resource limits
1801 =item Killing the parent process
1803 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1805 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1807 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1808 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1809 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1821 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1829 =item Storing numbers
1831 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1833 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1835 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1836 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1837 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1846 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1854 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1860 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1862 =item Threaded Program Models
1874 =item Native threads
1876 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1878 =item Threadsafe Modules
1884 =item Basic Thread Support
1886 =item Creating Threads
1888 =item Giving up control
1890 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1892 =item Errors In Threads
1894 =item Ignoring A Thread
1898 =item Threads And Data
1902 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1904 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1906 =item Controlling access: lock()
1908 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1910 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1914 =item Threads And Code
1918 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1920 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1922 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1924 =item Subroutine Locks
1928 =item Locking A Subroutine
1932 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1936 =item What Thread Am I In?
1940 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1942 =item What Threads Are Running?
1946 =item A Complete Example
1954 =item Introductory Texts
1956 =item OS-Related References
1958 =item Other References
1962 =item Acknowledgements
1970 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1976 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1985 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1987 =item Files and Filesystems
1989 =item System Interaction
1991 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1993 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1995 =item Standard Modules
1999 =item Character sets and character encoding
2001 =item Internationalisation
2003 =item System Resources
2013 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2014 http://testers.cpan.org/
2022 =item DOS and Derivatives
2030 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2038 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2042 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2044 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2045 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2046 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2047 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2048 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2049 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2050 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2051 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2052 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
2053 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
2054 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
2055 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
2056 kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
2057 lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
2058 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
2059 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
2060 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
2061 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2062 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2063 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2064 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2065 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2066 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2067 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2068 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2069 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2075 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2076 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2077 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2078 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2079 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2080 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2082 =item Supported Platforms
2086 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2092 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2099 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2105 =item The use locale pragma
2107 =item The setlocale function
2109 =item Finding locales
2111 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2113 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2115 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2117 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2119 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2121 =item The localeconv function
2123 =item I18N::Langinfo
2127 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2131 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2133 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2135 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2137 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2141 =item Other categories
2149 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2150 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2156 =item Backward compatibility
2158 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2160 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2162 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2164 =item Freely available locale definitions
2168 =item An imperfect standard
2176 =item Broken systems
2186 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2196 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2198 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2200 =item Creating Unicode
2202 =item Handling Unicode
2204 =item Legacy Encodings
2208 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2212 =item Advanced Topics
2216 =item Questions With Answers
2218 Will My Old Scripts Break?, How Do I Make My Scripts Work With Unicode?,
2219 How Do I Know Whether My String Is In Unicode?, How Do I Detect Invalid
2220 UTF-8?, How Do I Convert Data Into UTF-8? Or Vice Versa?, How Do I Display
2221 Unicode? How Do I Input Unicode?, How Does Unicode Work With Traditional
2224 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2226 =item Further Resources
2230 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2234 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
2236 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2240 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2248 =item Important Caveats
2250 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2251 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2253 =item Byte and Character semantics
2255 =item Effects of character semantics
2261 =item Character encodings for input and output
2267 =item UNICODE REGULAR EXPRESSION SUPPORT LEVEL
2271 =item Unicode Encodings
2273 UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-16BE, UTF16-LE, Surrogates, and BOMs (Byte Order Marks),
2274 UTF-32, UTF-32BE, UTF32-LE, UCS-2, UCS-4, UTF-7
2276 =item Security Implications of Malformed UTF-8
2278 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2280 =item Using Unicode in XS
2288 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2294 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2302 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2306 =item 13 variant characters
2314 =item Unicode and UTF
2318 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2320 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2322 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2336 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2338 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2340 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2342 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2350 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2352 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2354 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2356 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2360 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2364 =item URL decoding and encoding
2366 =item uu encoding and decoding
2368 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2370 =item Caesarian ciphers
2374 =item Hashing order and checksums
2378 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2390 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2410 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2418 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2420 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2422 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2426 =item Protecting Your Programs
2434 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2446 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2452 =item Making your module threadsafe
2460 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2470 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2471 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2485 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2491 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2495 =item Pragmatic Modules
2497 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2498 diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops,
2499 overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings,
2502 =item Standard Modules
2504 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
2505 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse,
2506 B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse,
2507 B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie,
2508 CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN,
2509 CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct,
2510 Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode,
2511 Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2512 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
2513 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
2514 ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS,
2515 ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2516 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2517 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
2518 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
2519 File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac,
2520 File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32,
2521 File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin,
2522 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
2523 I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants,
2524 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
2525 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2526 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
2527 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
2528 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd,
2529 Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3,
2530 Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
2531 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
2532 Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX,
2533 Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer,
2534 Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
2535 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, Pod::t::basic, SDBM_File, Safe,
2536 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2537 Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2538 Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial,
2539 Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs,
2540 Text::Wrap, Thread, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash,
2541 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime,
2542 Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::UCD, User::grent,
2545 =item Extension Modules
2557 =item Central America
2569 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2573 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2575 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2577 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2585 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2591 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2595 =item Before you start
2603 =item Release considerations
2607 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2611 =item Has it been done before?
2613 =item Do one thing and do it well
2615 =item What's in a name?
2619 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2623 =item To OO or not to OO?
2625 =item Designing your API
2627 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2628 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2631 =item Strictness and warnings
2633 =item Backwards compatibility
2635 =item Error handling and messages
2639 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2645 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2649 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2653 =item Version numbering
2655 =item Pre-requisites
2665 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2669 =item Reinventing the wheel
2671 =item Trying to do too much
2673 =item Inappropriate documentation
2679 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2680 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2686 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2696 =item What should I make into a module?
2698 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2700 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2702 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2704 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2705 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2706 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2708 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2710 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2711 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2721 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.2 $, $Date:
2722 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)
2732 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2734 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2736 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2738 =item What is perl6?
2740 =item How stable is Perl?
2742 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2744 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2747 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2749 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2751 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2753 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2755 =item What is a JAPH?
2757 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2759 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2760 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2764 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2768 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.3 $,
2769 $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)
2777 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2779 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2781 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2783 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2786 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2787 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2789 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2790 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2792 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2794 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2796 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2798 =item Where should I post source code?
2802 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2804 =item Perl in Magazines
2806 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2808 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2810 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2812 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2814 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2816 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2820 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2824 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.10 $, $Date: 2001/11/19
2833 =item How do I do (anything)?
2835 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2837 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2839 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2841 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2843 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2845 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2847 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2849 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2851 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2852 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2853 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2855 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2857 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2859 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2861 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2863 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2865 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2867 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2869 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
2870 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
2872 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2874 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2876 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2878 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2880 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2882 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2884 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2886 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2888 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2890 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2892 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2894 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2896 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2897 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2899 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2902 =item What's MakeMaker?
2906 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2910 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2001/12/07
2921 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2922 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2924 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2926 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2929 =item How do I convert between numeric representations:
2931 B<How do I convert Hexadecimal into decimal:>, B<How do I convert from
2932 decimal to hexadecimal:>, B<How do I convert from octal to decimal:>, B<How
2933 do I convert from decimal to octal:>, B<How do I convert from binary to
2934 decimal:>, B<How do I convert from decimal to binary:>
2936 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2938 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2940 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2942 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2944 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2952 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2954 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2956 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2958 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2960 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2962 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2964 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2972 =item How do I validate input?
2974 =item How do I unescape a string?
2976 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2978 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2980 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2982 =item How do I reverse a string?
2984 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2986 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2988 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2990 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2992 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2995 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2997 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2998 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
3000 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3002 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3004 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3006 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3008 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3010 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3012 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3014 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3015 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3024 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3026 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3028 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3032 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3035 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3036 intersection of two arrays?
3038 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3040 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3042 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3044 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3046 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3048 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3050 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3052 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3054 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3056 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3058 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3062 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3066 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3068 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3071 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3073 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3075 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3077 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3079 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3081 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3083 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3085 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3087 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3089 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3091 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3094 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3095 array of hashes or arrays?
3097 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3105 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3107 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3109 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3111 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3113 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3115 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3117 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3121 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3125 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
3134 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3136 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3137 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3139 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3141 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3143 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3145 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3146 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3148 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3150 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3152 =item How can I write() into a string?
3154 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3156 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3158 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3160 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3162 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3164 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3166 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3168 =item How can I lock a file?
3170 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3172 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3173 the file. How can I do this?
3175 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3176 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3178 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3180 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3182 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3184 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3186 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3188 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3190 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3192 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3194 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3196 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3198 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3200 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
3201 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3203 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3205 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3206 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3208 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3210 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3214 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3218 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2001/12/02 01:55:12 $)
3226 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3227 and unmaintainable code?
3229 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3231 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3233 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3236 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3238 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3241 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3243 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3245 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3247 =item What is C</o> really for?
3249 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3252 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3254 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3256 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3258 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3260 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3262 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3264 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3266 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3268 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3270 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3272 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3274 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3276 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3280 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3284 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/07
3293 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3295 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3298 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3301 =item How do I skip some return values?
3303 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3305 =item What's an extension?
3307 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3309 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3311 =item How do I create a module?
3313 =item How do I create a class?
3315 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3317 =item What's a closure?
3319 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3321 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3324 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3327 =item How do I create a static variable?
3329 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3330 Between local() and my()?
3332 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3335 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3337 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3339 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3341 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3343 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3345 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3347 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3349 =item How can I find out my current package?
3351 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3353 =item How do I clear a package?
3355 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3359 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3363 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
3372 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3374 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3376 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3378 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3380 =item How do I print something out in color?
3382 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3384 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3386 =item How do I clear the screen?
3388 =item How do I get the screen size?
3390 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3392 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3394 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3396 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3398 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3400 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3402 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3404 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3406 =item How do I set the time and date?
3408 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3410 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3412 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3414 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3415 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3417 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3419 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3421 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3423 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3425 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3427 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3429 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3431 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3433 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3435 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3438 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3440 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3442 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3444 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3447 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3448 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3449 changes to be visible?
3453 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3456 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3458 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3460 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3462 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3464 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3466 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3468 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3470 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3472 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3474 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3476 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3478 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3481 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3483 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3487 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3491 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04
3500 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3502 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3505 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3507 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3509 =item How do I extract URLs?
3511 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3512 file on another machine?
3514 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3516 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3518 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3520 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3522 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3524 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3526 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3528 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3529 CGI script to do bad things?
3531 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3533 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3535 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3537 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3539 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3541 =item How do I send mail?
3543 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3545 =item How do I read mail?
3547 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3549 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3551 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3553 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3557 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3561 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3571 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3575 =item Using The Back Ends
3579 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3583 =item The Decompiling Back End
3585 =item The Lint Back End
3587 =item The Simple C Back End
3589 =item The Bytecode Back End
3591 =item The Optimized C Back End
3593 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3594 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3595 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3599 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3605 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3615 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3616 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3620 =item Compiling your C program
3622 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3624 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3626 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3628 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3630 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3632 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3634 =item Execution of END blocks
3636 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3638 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3643 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3653 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3659 =item Debugger Internals
3663 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3667 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3669 =item Debugging regular expressions
3673 =item Compile-time output
3675 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3676 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3677 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3680 =item Types of nodes
3682 =item Run-time output
3686 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3690 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3692 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3693 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3696 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3698 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3700 =item B<-DL> details
3704 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3712 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3724 =item Version caveat
3726 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3738 =item What has gone on?
3740 =item Writing good test scripts
3744 =item What's new here?
3746 =item Input and Output Parameters
3748 =item The XSUBPP Program
3750 =item The TYPEMAP file
3752 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3756 =item What has happened here?
3758 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3760 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3762 =item More about XSUB arguments
3764 =item The Argument Stack
3766 =item Extending your Extension
3768 =item Documenting your Extension
3770 =item Installing your Extension
3774 =item New Things in this Example
3778 =item New Things in this Example
3780 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3782 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3784 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3786 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3802 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3814 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3816 =item The Argument Stack
3818 =item The RETVAL Variable
3820 =item The MODULE Keyword
3822 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3824 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3826 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3828 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3830 =item The CODE: Keyword
3832 =item The INIT: Keyword
3834 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3836 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3838 =item Default Parameter Values
3840 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3842 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3844 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3846 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3848 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3850 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3852 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3854 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3856 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3858 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3860 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3862 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3864 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3866 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3868 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3870 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3872 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3874 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3876 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3878 =item The CASE: Keyword
3880 =item The & Unary Operator
3882 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3884 =item Using XS With C++
3886 =item Interface Strategy
3888 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3892 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
3894 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
3906 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3916 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3918 =item File Operations
3920 =item File Input and Output
3922 =item File Positioning
3924 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3926 =item Character Class Tests
3928 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3930 =item Miscellaneous functions
3938 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3950 =item What is an "IV"?
3952 =item Working with SVs
3956 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3958 =item Working with AVs
3960 =item Working with HVs
3962 =item Hash API Extensions
3966 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3968 =item Creating New Variables
3970 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3972 =item Stashes and Globs
3974 =item Double-Typed SVs
3976 =item Magic Variables
3978 =item Assigning Magic
3980 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3984 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3986 =item Localizing changes
3988 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3989 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3990 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3991 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3992 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3993 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3994 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3995 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3996 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3997 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4005 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4007 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4009 =item Memory Allocation
4013 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4017 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4027 =item Examining the tree
4029 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4031 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4033 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4035 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4037 =item Pluggable runops
4041 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4043 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4047 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4049 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4051 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4053 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4055 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4059 =item Internal Functions
4061 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4065 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4067 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4069 =item Source Documentation
4073 =item Unicode Support
4077 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4079 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4081 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4083 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4085 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4087 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4091 =item Custom Operators
4099 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4105 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4107 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4109 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4129 =item Determining the Context
4133 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4139 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4141 =item Passing Parameters
4143 =item Returning a Scalar
4145 =item Returning a list of values
4147 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4149 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4153 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4157 =item Using call_argv
4159 =item Using call_method
4163 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4165 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4167 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4168 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4171 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4173 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4185 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4195 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4196 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4197 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4198 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4202 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4204 =item Administration
4206 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4210 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4211 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4219 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4229 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4231 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4233 B<Decryption Filters>
4235 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4237 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4239 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4251 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4259 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4260 B<filter_fetch_value>
4266 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4268 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4278 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4284 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4285 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4286 ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
4287 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK,
4288 dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
4289 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, getcwd_sv, get_av, get_cv, get_hv,
4290 get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number,
4291 grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
4292 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD,
4293 G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV,
4294 HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete,
4295 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4296 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4297 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, ibcmp_utf8,
4298 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char,
4299 is_utf8_string, items, ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK,
4300 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4301 Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV,
4302 NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share,
4303 newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, new_vstring, Nullav,
4304 Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_clone,
4305 perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run,
4306 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn,
4307 POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4308 PUTBACK, pv_uni_display, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree,
4309 savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, scan_bin, scan_hex, scan_oct, sharedsv_find,
4310 sharedsv_init, sharedsv_lock, sharedsv_new, sharedsv_thrcnt_dec,
4311 sharedsv_thrcnt_inc, sharedsv_unlock, sortsv, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ,
4312 strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR,
4313 SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4314 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx,
4315 SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
4316 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4317 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4318 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4319 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVX, SvPVx,
4320 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4321 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV,
4322 SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4323 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV,
4324 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
4325 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVx, SvUVX, sv_2bool, sv_2cv,
4326 sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4327 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4328 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4329 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4330 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec,
4331 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free,
4332 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
4333 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
4334 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
4335 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
4336 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4337 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4338 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg,
4339 sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv,
4340 sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags,
4341 sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true,
4342 sv_uni_display, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint,
4343 sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade,
4344 sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn,
4345 sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, to_utf8_case, utf8n_to_uvchr,
4346 utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes,
4347 utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi,
4348 XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV,
4349 XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES,
4350 XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION,
4351 XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
4359 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4366 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
4367 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena,
4368 sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4376 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4386 =item History and Background
4388 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4390 =item Data Structures
4392 =item Functions and Attributes
4394 =item Per-instance Data
4396 =item Layers in action.
4398 =item Per-instance flag bits
4400 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4401 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4402 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4403 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4405 =item Methods in Detail
4407 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4408 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4409 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
4410 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
4411 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
4412 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
4413 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4414 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4415 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4416 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
4417 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
4418 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
4419 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
4420 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4424 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4426 =item Extension Layers
4428 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4434 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4442 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4443 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4444 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4445 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4446 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4447 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4448 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4449 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4450 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4451 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4452 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4456 =item Co-existence with stdio
4458 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4459 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4461 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4463 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4464 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4465 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4466 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4468 =item Other Functions
4470 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4471 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4477 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4483 =item To do during 5.6.x
4487 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4489 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4491 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4493 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4495 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4499 =item use Thread for iThreads
4501 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4503 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4505 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4507 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4509 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4511 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4513 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4515 =item Complete signal handling
4517 =item Out-of-source builds
4519 =item POSIX realtime support
4521 =item UNIX98 support
4525 =item Long double conversion
4529 =item Thread-safe regexes
4531 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4533 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4535 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4537 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4539 =item Custom opcodes
4541 =item DLL Versioning
4543 =item Introduce @( and @)
4545 =item Floating point handling
4547 =item IV/UV preservation
4549 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4551 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4553 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4555 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4557 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4559 =item Document Win32 choices
4561 =item Check new modules
4563 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4567 =item To do at some point
4571 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4573 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4575 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4577 =item bitfields in pack
4579 =item Cross compilation
4581 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4583 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4585 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4587 =item -i rename file when changed
4589 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4591 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4593 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4595 =item my sub foo { }
4597 =item One-pass global destruction
4599 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4601 =item Cache recently used regexps
4603 =item Re-entrant functions
4605 =item Cross-compilation support
4607 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4609 =item debugger pragma
4611 =item use less pragma
4613 =item switch structures
4615 =item Cache eval tree
4619 =item Shrink opcode tables
4621 =item Optimize away @_
4623 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4627 =item Prototype method calls
4629 =item Return context prototype declarations
4633 =item Garbage collection
4637 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4639 =item Rewrite perldoc
4641 =item Install .3p manpages
4643 =item Unicode tutorial
4645 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4647 =item Retargetable installation
4649 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4651 =item Rename Win32 headers
4653 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4655 =item Update sprintf documentation
4657 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4659 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4667 =item ref() in list context
4669 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4671 =item Compile to real threaded code
4673 =item Structured types
4675 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4677 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4681 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4683 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4687 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4689 =item Constant function cache
4691 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4699 =item Update guts documentation
4701 =item Add more tests
4703 =item Update auxiliary tools
4707 =item Recently done things
4711 =item Safe signal handling
4717 =item setitimer and getimiter
4719 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4721 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4723 =item Explicit switch statements
4731 =item perlcc to produce executable
4733 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4735 =item Secure temporary file module
4737 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4739 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4741 =item Mmap for input
4743 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4745 =item Add sockatmark support
4747 =item Mailing list archives
4751 =item Integrate MacPerl
4753 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4755 =item Regular expression tutorial
4757 =item Debugging Tutorial
4759 =item Integrate new modules
4761 =item Integrate profiler
4763 =item Y2K error detection
4765 =item Regular expression debugger
4769 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4771 =item Cache precompiled modules
4775 =item Deprecated Wishes
4779 =item Loop control on do{}
4781 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4787 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4789 =item Named prototypes
4791 =item Built-in globbing
4793 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4795 =item Cached hash values
4797 =item Add compression modules
4799 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4801 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4803 =item Make XS easier to use
4805 =item Make embedding easier to use
4809 =item my $Package::variable
4811 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4813 =item "class"-based lexicals
4817 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4819 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4821 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4823 =item Create debugging macros
4825 =item truncate to the people
4831 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4837 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4838 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4839 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4840 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4841 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4842 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4843 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4847 =item Keeping in sync
4849 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4850 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4852 =item Why rsync the source tree
4854 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
4856 =item Why rsync the patches
4858 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4859 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4861 =item Perlbug remote interface
4863 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
4864 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
4866 =item Submitting patches
4868 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4869 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4871 =item Finding Your Way Around
4873 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4875 =item Elements of the interpreter
4877 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4879 =item Internal Variable Types
4885 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4887 =item Millions of Macros
4889 =item Poking at Perl
4891 =item Using a source-level debugger
4893 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4894 finish, 'enter', print
4896 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4900 =item Patching a core module
4902 =item Adding a new function to the core
4904 =item Writing a test
4906 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
4907 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
4911 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4915 =item Rational Software's Purify
4917 =item Purify on Unix
4919 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4923 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4925 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4927 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4931 =item Gprof Profiling
4933 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4935 =item GCC gcov Profiling
4937 =item Pixie Profiling
4939 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4944 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4952 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4960 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4972 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4974 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4978 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4982 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
4988 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
4990 =item Incompatible Changes
4994 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
4996 =item AIX Dynaloading
4998 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time.
5000 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5002 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5004 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5006 =item Perl Parser Stress Tested
5008 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5014 =item Core Enhancements
5018 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5022 =item Unicode Overhaul
5024 =item Understanding of Numbers
5026 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5030 =item Modules and Pragmata
5034 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5036 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5040 =item Utility Changes
5042 =item New Documentation
5044 =item Performance Enhancements
5046 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5050 =item Generic Improvements
5052 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5056 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5060 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5064 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5066 =item Changed Internals
5068 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5072 =item Known Problems
5078 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5080 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5082 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5084 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5086 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5088 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5094 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5096 =item Failure of Thread tests
5104 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5106 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5108 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5110 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5112 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5114 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5116 =item The Long Double Support Is Still Experimental
5118 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5122 =item Reporting Bugs
5130 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5136 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5138 =item Incompatible Changes
5142 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5144 =item AIX Dynaloading
5146 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5148 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5154 =item Core Enhancements
5156 =item Modules and Pragmata
5160 =item New Modules and Distributions
5162 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5166 =item Utility Changes
5168 =item New Documentation
5170 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5174 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5176 =item Generic Improvements
5180 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5184 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5188 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5190 =item Source Code Enhancements
5194 =item MAGIC constants
5196 =item Better commented code
5198 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5206 =item Known Problems
5212 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5214 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5216 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5218 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5220 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5222 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5226 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5228 =item Failure of Thread tests
5238 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5240 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5242 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5244 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5246 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5248 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5252 =item Reporting Bugs
5260 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5266 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5268 =item Incompatible Changes
5270 =item Core Enhancements
5274 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5276 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5278 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5282 =item Modules and Pragmata
5288 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5292 =item Performance Enhancements
5294 =item Utility Changes
5296 =item New Documentation
5312 =item README.solaris
5316 =item Porting/repository.pod
5320 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5324 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5326 =item Generic Improvements
5328 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5329 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5330 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5334 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5338 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5342 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5344 =item Changed Internals
5348 =item Known Problems
5352 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5354 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5356 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5358 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5362 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5364 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5366 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5368 =item Failure of Thread tests
5370 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5372 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5374 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5376 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5380 =item Reporting Bugs
5388 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5394 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5396 =item Incompatible Changes
5398 =item Core Enhancements
5400 =item Modules and Pragmata
5406 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5410 =item Utility Changes
5412 =item New Documentation
5414 =item Performance Enhancements
5416 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5420 =item Generic Improvements
5424 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5428 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5432 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5434 =item Changed Internals
5436 =item Known Problems
5440 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5442 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5444 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5446 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5448 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5450 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5452 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5454 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5456 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5458 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5462 =item Reporting Bugs
5470 =head2 perl561delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5476 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5480 =item Security Issues
5482 =item Core bug fixes
5484 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5485 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5486 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5487 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5488 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5489 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5494 =item Configuration issues
5498 =item Bundled modules
5500 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5501 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5502 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5503 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5505 =item Platform-specific improvements
5507 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5509 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5511 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5513 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5515 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5517 =item "our" declarations
5519 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5521 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5523 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5525 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5527 =item open() with more than two arguments
5529 =item 64-bit support
5531 =item Large file support
5537 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5539 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5541 =item File globbing implemented internally
5543 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5545 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5547 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5549 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5551 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5553 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5555 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5557 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5559 =item Comments in pack() templates
5561 =item Weak references
5563 =item Binary numbers supported
5565 =item Lvalue subroutines
5567 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5569 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5571 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5573 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5575 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5577 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5579 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5581 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5583 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5585 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5587 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5589 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5591 =item Improved diagnostics
5593 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5595 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5597 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5599 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5601 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5603 =item Improved security features
5605 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5607 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5609 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5611 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5613 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5615 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5617 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5621 =item Modules and Pragmata
5627 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5628 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5629 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5630 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5631 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5632 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5633 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5634 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5640 =item Utility Changes
5654 =item The Perl Debugger
5658 =item Improved Documentation
5660 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5661 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5662 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5663 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5665 =item Performance enhancements
5669 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5671 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5673 =item Faster subroutine calls
5675 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5679 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5683 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5685 =item New Configure flags
5687 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5693 =item -Duselargefiles
5695 =item installusrbinperl
5701 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5703 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
5707 =item Platform specific changes
5711 =item Supported platforms
5715 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5723 =item Significant bug fixes
5727 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5729 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5731 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5733 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5735 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5737 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5739 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5741 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5743 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5745 =item Locale bugs fixed
5749 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5751 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5753 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5755 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5759 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5761 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5762 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5763 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5764 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5765 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5766 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5767 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5768 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5769 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5770 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5771 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5772 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5773 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5774 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5775 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5776 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5777 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5778 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5779 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5780 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5781 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5782 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5783 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5784 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5785 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5786 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5787 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5788 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5789 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5790 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5791 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5792 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5793 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5794 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5795 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5796 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5797 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5798 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5799 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5800 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5801 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5802 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5803 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5804 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5805 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5806 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5807 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5808 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5809 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5810 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5814 =item Incompatible Changes
5818 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5820 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5821 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5822 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5823 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5824 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5825 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5826 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5827 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5828 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5829 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5830 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5832 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5834 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5836 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5838 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5840 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5844 =item Known Problems
5848 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
5850 =item Known test failures
5852 64-bit builds, Failure of Thread tests, NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure,
5853 Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc
5855 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
5857 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5859 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5861 =item Experimental features
5863 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5864 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5865 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5869 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5871 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5872 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5873 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5874 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5876 =item Reporting Bugs
5884 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
5890 =item Core Enhancements
5894 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5896 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5898 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5900 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5902 =item "our" declarations
5904 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5906 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5908 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5910 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5912 =item open() with more than two arguments
5914 =item 64-bit support
5916 =item Large file support
5922 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5924 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5926 =item File globbing implemented internally
5928 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5930 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5932 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5934 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5936 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5938 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5940 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5942 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5944 =item Comments in pack() templates
5946 =item Weak references
5948 =item Binary numbers supported
5950 =item Lvalue subroutines
5952 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5954 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5956 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5958 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5960 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5962 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5964 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5966 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5968 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5970 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5972 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5974 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5976 =item Improved diagnostics
5978 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5980 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5982 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5984 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5986 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5988 =item Improved security features
5990 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5992 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5994 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5996 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5998 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6000 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6002 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6006 =item Modules and Pragmata
6012 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6013 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6014 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6015 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6016 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6017 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6018 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6019 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6025 =item Utility Changes
6039 =item The Perl Debugger
6043 =item Improved Documentation
6045 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6046 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6047 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6048 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6050 =item Performance enhancements
6054 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6056 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6058 =item Faster subroutine calls
6060 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6064 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6068 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6070 =item New Configure flags
6072 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6078 =item -Duselargefiles
6080 =item installusrbinperl
6086 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6090 =item Platform specific changes
6094 =item Supported platforms
6098 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6106 =item Significant bug fixes
6110 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6112 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6114 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6116 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6118 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6120 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6122 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6124 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6126 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6128 =item Locale bugs fixed
6132 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6134 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6136 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6138 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6142 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6144 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6145 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6146 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6147 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6148 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6149 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6150 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6151 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6152 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6153 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6154 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6155 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6156 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6157 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6158 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6159 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6160 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6161 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6162 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6163 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6164 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6165 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6166 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6167 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6168 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6169 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6170 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6171 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6172 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6173 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6174 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6175 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6176 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6177 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6178 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6179 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6180 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6181 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6182 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6183 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6184 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6185 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6186 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6187 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6188 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6189 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6190 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6191 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6192 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6193 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6197 =item Incompatible Changes
6201 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6203 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6204 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6205 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6206 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6207 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6208 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6209 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6210 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6211 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6212 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6213 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6215 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6217 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6219 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6221 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6223 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6227 =item Known Problems
6231 =item Thread test failures
6233 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6235 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6237 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6239 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6242 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6244 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6246 =item Experimental features
6248 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6249 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6250 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6254 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6256 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6257 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6258 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6259 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6261 =item Reporting Bugs
6269 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
6275 =item About the new versioning system
6277 =item Incompatible Changes
6281 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6283 =item Default installation structure has changed
6285 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6287 =item C Source Compatibility
6289 =item Binary Compatibility
6291 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6293 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6307 =item Regular Expressions
6309 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6310 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6311 improvements, Incompatible changes
6313 =item Improved malloc()
6315 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6317 =item Reliable signals
6319 =item Reliable stack pointers
6321 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6325 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6327 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6329 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6331 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6333 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6335 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6337 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6339 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6341 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6343 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6345 =item Better locale support
6347 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6349 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6351 =item Extended support for exception handling
6353 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6355 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6357 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6359 =item New C<lock> keyword
6361 =item New C<qr//> operator
6363 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6365 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6367 =item Tied handles support is better
6369 =item 4th argument to substr
6371 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6373 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6375 =item <> now reads in records
6379 =item Supported Platforms
6385 =item Changes in existing support
6389 =item Modules and Pragmata
6395 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6396 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6397 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6399 =item Changes in existing modules
6401 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6402 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6406 =item Utility Changes
6408 =item Documentation Changes
6410 =item New Diagnostics
6412 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6413 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6414 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6415 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6416 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6417 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6418 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6419 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6420 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6421 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6422 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6423 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6424 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6425 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6426 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6427 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6428 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6430 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6432 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6433 temporary file, regexp too big
6435 =item Configuration Changes
6445 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
6451 =item Supported Environments
6457 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6459 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6461 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6463 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6465 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6467 =item More precise warnings
6469 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6471 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6473 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6475 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6477 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6479 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6481 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6483 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6485 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6487 =item Changes to tainting checks
6489 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6490 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6492 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6494 =item Embedding improvements
6496 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6498 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6500 =item New and changed syntax
6504 =item New and changed builtin constants
6508 =item New and changed builtin variables
6512 =item New and changed builtin functions
6514 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6515 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6516 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6517 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6518 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6520 =item New builtin methods
6522 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6524 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6526 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6527 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6529 =item Malloc enhancements
6531 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6533 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6537 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6553 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6554 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6560 =item Required Updates
6562 =item Installation directories
6564 =item Module information summary
6578 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6582 =item Utility Changes
6588 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6592 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6596 =item C Language API Changes
6598 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6601 =item Documentation Changes
6603 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6604 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6606 =item New Diagnostics
6608 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6609 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6610 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6611 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6612 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6613 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6614 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6615 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6616 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6617 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6618 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6619 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6620 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6621 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6622 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6623 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6624 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6625 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6626 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6627 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6628 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6629 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6630 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6631 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6632 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6642 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6650 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6654 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6656 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
6658 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
6660 =item Using Large Files with Perl
6666 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
6676 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
6686 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
6700 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
6702 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
6704 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
6706 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
6712 =item Accessing documentation
6716 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
6718 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
6720 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
6722 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
6726 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
6730 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
6732 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
6734 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
6736 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
6738 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
6748 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
6756 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
6758 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
6762 =item Contact Information
6768 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
6778 =item gzip on BS2000
6780 =item bison on BS2000
6782 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
6784 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
6786 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
6788 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
6790 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
6792 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
6794 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
6828 =item Acknowledgements
6834 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
6840 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
6844 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
6846 =item Cygwin Configuration
6848 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
6852 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
6856 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
6858 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
6860 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
6861 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
6863 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
6865 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
6866 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
6868 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
6870 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
6874 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
6878 =item Warnings on Cygwin
6884 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
6888 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
6890 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
6892 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
6896 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
6898 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
6900 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
6901 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
6903 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
6911 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
6923 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
6927 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
6929 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
6931 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
6933 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
6943 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
6953 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
6957 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
6959 =item Building Perl on DOS
6961 =item Testing Perl on DOS
6963 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
6967 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
6971 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
6973 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
6975 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
6977 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
6987 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
6995 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
6997 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
6999 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
7001 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
7005 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
7007 =item PATH Names on Epoc
7009 =item Editors on Epoc
7011 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7013 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7015 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7019 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7027 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7036 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7038 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7050 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7052 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7054 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7056 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7058 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7060 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7062 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7064 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7066 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7068 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7070 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7074 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7082 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7090 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7098 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7107 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7109 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7111 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7113 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7123 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7137 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7143 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7149 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7157 =item Binary distribution from HP
7159 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7161 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7163 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7165 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7167 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7169 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7170 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7172 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7176 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7178 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7180 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7182 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7184 =item Perl/iX Change History
7200 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
7212 =item Build new extensions
7216 =item Acknowledgements
7224 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7244 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7246 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7248 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7252 =item Frequently asked questions
7256 =item "It does not work"
7258 =item I cannot run external programs
7260 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7263 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7266 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7268 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7276 =item Automatic binary installation
7278 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7280 =item Manual binary installation
7282 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7283 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7284 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7285 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7286 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7292 =item Accessing documentation
7296 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7304 =item GNU C<info> files
7316 =item The short story
7320 =item Getting perl source
7322 =item Application of the patches
7330 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7333 =item Installing the built perl
7335 =item C<a.out>-style build
7343 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7345 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7347 =item Problems with tr or sed
7349 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7351 =item Library ... not found
7353 =item Segfault in make
7355 =item op/sprintf test failure
7359 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7363 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7367 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7369 =item Additional modules:
7371 =item Prebuilt methods:
7373 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7374 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7375 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7376 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7377 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7378 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7379 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7380 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7381 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7382 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7383 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
7385 =item Prebuilt variables:
7387 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
7393 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7396 =item Identifying DLLs
7398 =item Centralized management of resources
7414 =item F<perl___.exe>
7416 =item Why strange names?
7418 =item Why dynamic linking?
7420 =item Why chimera build?
7428 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7430 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7432 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7434 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7436 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7438 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7448 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7450 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7452 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7455 =item DLL forwarder generation
7459 =item Calls to external programs
7461 =item Memory allocation
7465 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7481 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7494 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7496 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7498 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7500 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7502 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7504 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7506 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7508 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7510 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7512 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7522 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7530 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7538 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7540 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7542 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7544 =item QNX auxiliary files
7548 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7556 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7566 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7568 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7570 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7572 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7576 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7580 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7592 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
7600 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
7606 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
7612 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
7614 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
7616 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
7620 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
7624 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7626 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
7628 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7632 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
7634 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
7635 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
7636 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
7642 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
7644 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7648 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
7650 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
7654 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
7658 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
7660 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
7664 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
7666 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
7668 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
7678 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
7679 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
7687 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
7689 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
7691 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
7693 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
7695 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
7697 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
7701 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
7707 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
7715 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
7717 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
7723 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
7733 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
7735 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
7737 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
7739 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
7741 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
7751 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
7757 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
7765 =item Organization of Perl Images
7771 =item Perl Extensions
7773 =item Installing static extensions
7775 =item Installing dynamic extensions
7779 =item File specifications
7785 =item Wildcard expansion
7791 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
7797 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
7799 =item Command line switches
7805 =item Perl functions
7807 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
7808 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
7809 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
7810 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
7812 =item Perl variables
7814 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
7816 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
7830 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
7838 =item Stratus POSIX Support
7842 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
7846 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
7848 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
7852 =item USING PERL IN VOS
7856 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
7858 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
7862 =item SUPPORT STATUS
7870 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
7880 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
7882 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC
7886 =item Testing Perl on Win32
7888 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
7890 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
7892 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
7893 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
7894 Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things
7898 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
7902 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
7903 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
7904 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
7912 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
7914 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7926 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7936 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
7937 data structures between threads
7949 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
7950 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
7960 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
7969 $thread = new(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
7970 threads->self, $thread->tid
7974 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
7977 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
7981 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
7982 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
7988 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
7998 =item Built-in Attributes
8000 locked, method, lvalue
8002 =item Available Subroutines
8006 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8008 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8010 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8018 =item Default exports
8020 =item Available exports
8022 =item Export tags defined
8032 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8044 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8060 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8074 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8088 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8101 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8110 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8112 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8114 =item charnames::vianame(code)
8120 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8132 =item List constants
8134 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8136 =item Magic constants
8140 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8150 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8161 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8163 =item The I<splain> Program
8177 =head2 encoding - pragma to control the conversion of legacy data into
8186 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8192 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8206 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8216 =item subpragma access
8222 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8233 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8243 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8253 =item Adding directories to @INC
8255 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8257 =item Restoring original @INC
8267 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8278 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
8286 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8288 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8294 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8306 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8316 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8318 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8320 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8322 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8324 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8326 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8328 =item Overloadable Operations
8330 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8331 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8332 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8334 =item Inheritance and overloading
8336 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8337 is inherited by derived classes
8341 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8349 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8351 =item Copy Constructor
8357 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8359 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8360 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8361 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8364 =item Losing overloading
8366 =item Run-time Overloading
8368 =item Public functions
8370 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8372 =item Overloading constants
8374 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8376 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8378 =item Metaphor clash
8384 =item Two-face scalars
8386 =item Two-face references
8388 =item Symbolic calculator
8390 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8398 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8399 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8405 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8415 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8427 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8429 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8433 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8437 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
8445 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
8455 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
8463 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
8467 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
8477 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
8488 =item Utility functions
8490 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
8491 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
8499 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
8509 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
8517 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
8521 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
8529 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
8530 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
8531 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
8532 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
8533 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
8537 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
8547 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
8549 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
8559 =item DBM Comparisons
8569 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
8579 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
8583 =item Typed lexicals
8585 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
8587 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
8589 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
8591 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
8599 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
8600 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
8601 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
8602 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>
8612 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
8622 =item Subroutine Stubs
8624 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
8626 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
8628 =item Package Lexicals
8630 =item Not Using AutoLoader
8632 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
8642 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
8650 $keep, $check, $modtime
8654 =item Multiple packages
8662 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
8670 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
8674 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
8682 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
8696 =item B::PVMG METHODS
8700 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
8702 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
8704 =item B::PVLV METHODS
8706 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
8710 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
8714 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
8715 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
8719 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
8720 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
8724 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
8728 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
8733 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
8735 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
8739 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
8741 =item B::UNOP METHOD
8745 =item B::BINOP METHOD
8749 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
8753 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
8757 =item B::PMOP METHODS
8759 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
8761 =item B::SVOP METHOD
8765 =item B::PADOP METHOD
8769 =item B::PVOP METHOD
8773 =item B::LOOP METHODS
8775 redoop, nextop, lastop
8777 =item B::COP METHODS
8779 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
8783 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
8785 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
8786 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
8787 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
8788 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
8795 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
8808 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
8820 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
8832 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
8842 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
8843 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
8844 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
8854 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
8864 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
8865 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
8875 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
8885 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
8886 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
8887 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
8899 =item Context of ".."
8903 =item Deprecated features
8911 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
8921 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
8922 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
8923 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
8925 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
8927 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
8928 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
8929 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
8930 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
8931 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
8932 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
8933 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
8934 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
8940 =item OP flags abbreviations
8942 =item OP class abbreviations
8946 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
8952 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
8964 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
8974 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
8975 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
8977 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
8987 =item ambient_pragmas
8989 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
9001 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
9013 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
9021 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
9023 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
9024 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
9026 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9036 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9046 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9052 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9064 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9076 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9078 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9090 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9100 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
9108 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9120 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9134 =item Standard Exports
9136 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9137 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9138 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9140 =item Optional Exports
9142 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9143 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9144 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9160 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9164 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9178 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9188 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9189 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9190 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9200 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9212 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9214 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9216 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9218 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9220 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9222 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9224 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9226 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9228 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9230 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9232 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9234 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9236 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9238 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9240 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9242 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9244 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9246 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9247 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9251 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9252 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9255 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9257 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9258 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9263 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9267 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9269 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9271 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9273 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9275 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9277 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9279 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9281 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9282 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9284 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9288 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9292 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9294 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9296 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9298 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9300 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9302 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9303 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9305 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9309 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9313 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9315 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9317 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9319 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9323 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9325 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9327 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9331 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9333 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
9337 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
9341 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
9345 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
9349 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
9353 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
9355 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
9357 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
9361 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
9363 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
9364 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
9366 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
9372 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
9373 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
9375 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
9377 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
9378 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
9381 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
9387 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
9391 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
9393 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
9394 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
9395 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
9396 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
9397 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
9398 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
9400 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
9402 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
9407 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
9409 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
9411 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
9412 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
9414 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
9416 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9420 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
9421 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
9422 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
9423 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
9424 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
9425 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
9426 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
9427 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
9428 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
9429 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
9430 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
9431 ...and many many more..
9433 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
9441 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
9451 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9459 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
9468 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
9470 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
9474 =item Changing the default message
9478 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
9488 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
9496 =item USING CGI::Cookie
9498 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
9502 =item Creating New Cookies
9504 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
9506 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
9508 =item Manipulating Cookies
9510 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
9514 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9522 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
9530 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
9532 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
9534 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
9536 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
9538 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
9540 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
9544 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9552 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
9562 =item Tags that won't be formatted
9564 =item Customizing the Indenting
9576 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
9584 =item USING CGI::Push
9586 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
9590 =item Heterogeneous Pages
9592 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
9596 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
9598 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9606 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
9616 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9624 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
9632 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9638 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
9648 =item Interactive Mode
9650 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
9651 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
9652 distribution, ls author, Signals
9660 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
9662 =item Programmer's interface
9664 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
9666 =item Methods in the other Classes
9668 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
9669 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
9670 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
9671 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
9672 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
9673 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
9674 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
9675 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
9676 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
9677 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
9678 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
9679 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
9680 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
9681 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
9682 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
9683 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
9684 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
9685 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
9686 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
9687 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
9688 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
9689 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
9690 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
9691 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
9692 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
9693 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
9701 =item Finding packages and VERSION
9705 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
9711 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
9712 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
9713 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
9714 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
9718 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
9720 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
9728 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
9730 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
9734 =item Three basic types of firewalls
9736 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
9738 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
9744 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
9756 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
9766 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
9779 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
9789 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
9797 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
9799 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
9809 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
9810 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
9811 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
9813 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
9821 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
9831 =item The C<struct()> function
9833 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
9835 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
9837 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
9838 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
9840 =item Initializing with C<new>
9846 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
9848 =item Author and Modification History
9852 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
9860 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
9872 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
9876 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
9877 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
9878 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
9883 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
9884 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
9888 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
9889 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
9890 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
9891 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
9892 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
9893 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
9897 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
9898 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
9899 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
9900 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
9901 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
9902 C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>,
9903 C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>,
9904 C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>,
9905 C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>,
9906 C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>,
9907 C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
9908 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
9909 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
9910 C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
9911 C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
9912 C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>,
9913 C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>,
9914 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
9915 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>,
9916 C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
9917 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
9918 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
9919 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
9920 C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>,
9921 C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
9922 C<d_htonl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
9923 C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>,
9924 C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
9925 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
9926 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
9927 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
9928 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
9929 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
9930 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
9931 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
9932 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
9933 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
9934 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
9935 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
9936 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
9937 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
9938 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
9939 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
9940 C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>,
9941 C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>,
9942 C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>,
9943 C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
9944 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>,
9945 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
9946 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
9947 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
9948 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>,
9949 C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
9950 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setpwent>,
9951 C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>,
9952 C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
9953 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
9954 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
9955 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
9956 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
9957 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
9958 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
9959 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
9960 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
9961 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>,
9962 C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>,
9963 C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>,
9964 C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
9965 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
9966 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
9967 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
9968 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
9969 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>,
9970 C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
9971 C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>,
9972 C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
9973 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
9974 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
9978 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
9979 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
9983 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
9984 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
9989 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
9990 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
9994 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
9998 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
9999 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
10000 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_fp>,
10001 C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
10002 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
10003 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
10004 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
10005 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
10006 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
10007 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
10008 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
10009 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
10010 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
10011 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
10012 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
10013 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
10014 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
10015 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
10016 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
10017 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
10018 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
10019 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
10020 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
10021 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
10025 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
10029 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
10030 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
10031 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
10032 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
10033 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
10034 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
10038 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10039 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10040 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10044 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10045 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10049 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10050 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10051 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
10052 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10056 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10057 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10061 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10062 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10066 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10067 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10068 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10069 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10073 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10077 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
10078 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10082 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10083 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
10084 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
10085 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
10086 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
10087 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10088 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10089 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10090 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10091 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10092 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
10093 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
10094 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
10095 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10099 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10100 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
10104 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10105 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10106 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10107 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10108 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10109 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10110 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10111 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10112 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10116 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10117 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10118 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10119 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10123 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10127 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10139 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10149 =item getcwd and friends
10151 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10153 =item abs_path and friends
10155 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10167 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10179 =item Global Variables
10181 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10182 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10187 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10188 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10190 =item Client Callback Methods
10192 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10193 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10194 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10204 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10212 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10216 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10218 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10220 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10222 =item Default Parameters
10224 =item In Memory Databases
10232 =item A Simple Example
10240 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10242 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10244 =item The get_dup() Method
10246 =item The find_dup() Method
10248 =item The del_dup() Method
10250 =item Matching Partial Keys
10258 =item The 'bval' Option
10260 =item A Simple Example
10262 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10264 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10265 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10266 length, elements);>
10268 =item Another Example
10272 =item THE API INTERFACE
10274 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10275 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10276 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10277 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10281 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10282 B<filter_fetch_value>
10288 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10290 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10294 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10298 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10300 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10302 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
10304 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
10306 =item The untie() Gotcha
10310 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
10314 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
10316 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
10318 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
10320 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
10340 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
10341 printing and C<eval>
10353 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
10354 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
10355 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
10362 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
10364 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10365 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10366 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10367 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10368 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10369 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10370 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10371 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10372 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10373 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10374 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10375 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10376 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10377 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10378 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
10398 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
10406 =item PROFILE FORMAT
10418 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
10440 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
10450 =item Runtime debugging
10452 =item Memory footprint debugging
10460 =item A simple scalar string
10462 =item A simple scalar number
10464 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
10466 =item A reference to a simple scalar
10468 =item A reference to an array
10470 =item A reference to a hash
10472 =item Dumping a large array or hash
10474 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
10476 =item A reference to a subroutine
10490 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
10500 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
10508 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
10512 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
10513 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
10514 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
10522 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
10532 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
10536 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
10537 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
10549 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
10561 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
10573 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
10574 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
10575 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
10580 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
10581 veryCompact, set, get
10587 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
10595 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
10596 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
10597 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
10598 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
10605 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
10618 =head2 Encode - character encodings
10636 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
10638 =item Types of Encodings
10640 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
10641 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
10643 =item Specifying Encodings
10645 1. By name, 2. As an object
10647 =item Encoding Names
10649 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFCs, The name in the IANA registry, The
10650 name used by the organization that defined it
10654 =item PERL ENCODING API
10658 =item Generic Encoding Interface
10660 =item Handling Malformed Data
10662 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
10666 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
10668 =item Listing available encodings
10670 =item Defining Aliases
10672 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
10675 =item Defining Encodings
10679 =item Encoding and IO
10681 =item Encoding How to ...
10683 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
10684 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
10686 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
10688 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
10690 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
10692 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
10693 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
10697 =item Compiled Encodings
10699 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
10700 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
10708 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
10709 of the Encode extension
10715 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
10723 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
10725 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
10731 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
10739 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
10752 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
10767 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
10783 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
10793 =item How to Export
10795 =item Selecting What To Export
10797 =item Specialised Import Lists
10799 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
10801 =item Module Version Checking
10803 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
10805 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
10807 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
10813 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
10823 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
10844 mv source... destination
10846 cp source... destination
10864 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
10874 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
10884 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
10886 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
10890 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
10898 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
10901 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
10903 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
10905 WriteMakefileSnippet
10907 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
10908 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
10916 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
10928 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
10929 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
10939 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
10949 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
10961 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
10962 packlist(), version()
10970 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
10978 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
10984 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
10994 =item VMS implementation
10996 =item Win32 implementation
11004 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11005 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11013 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
11017 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11018 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11044 test_via_harness (o)
11046 tool_autosplit (override)
11064 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11065 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11079 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11091 =item Preloaded methods
11111 =item SelfLoaded methods
11157 file_name_is_absolute
11163 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
11203 maybe_command_in_dirs
11231 post_initialize (o)
11243 replace_manpage_separator
11257 test_via_harness (o)
11259 test_via_script (o)
11289 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11290 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11300 =item Methods always loaded
11312 =item SelfLoaded methods
11314 guess_name (override)
11318 find_perl (override)
11322 maybe_command (override)
11324 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
11326 perl_script (override)
11328 file_name_is_absolute (override)
11330 replace_manpage_separator
11332 init_others (override)
11334 constants (override)
11338 const_cccmd (override)
11340 pm_to_blib (override)
11342 tool_autosplit (override)
11344 tool_sxubpp (override)
11346 xsubpp_version (override)
11348 tools_other (override)
11358 top_targets (override)
11362 dynamic_lib (override)
11364 dynamic_bs (override)
11366 static_lib (override)
11368 manifypods (override)
11370 processPL (override)
11372 installbin (override)
11374 subdir_x (override)
11378 realclean (override)
11380 dist_basics (override)
11382 dist_core (override)
11384 dist_dir (override)
11386 dist_test (override)
11390 perldepend (override)
11392 makefile (override)
11396 test_via_harness (override)
11398 test_via_script (override)
11400 makeaperl (override)
11402 nicetext (override)
11404 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11405 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11431 test_via_harness (o)
11433 tool_autosplit (override)
11451 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
11461 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
11463 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
11471 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
11475 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
11477 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
11479 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
11481 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
11483 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
11484 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
11485 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
11486 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
11487 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
11488 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
11489 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
11490 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
11491 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
11492 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
11493 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE,
11494 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERM_RW,
11495 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
11496 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PRINT,
11497 PRINT_PREREQ, SKIP, TEST_LIBS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
11498 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
11500 =item Additional lowercase attributes
11502 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
11505 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
11507 =item Hintsfile support
11509 =item Distribution Support
11511 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
11512 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
11513 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
11515 =item Disabling an extension
11521 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
11529 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
11537 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
11541 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
11545 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
11546 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
11550 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
11558 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
11570 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
11580 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
11589 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
11597 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
11609 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
11617 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
11627 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
11639 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
11649 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
11653 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
11661 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
11665 C<basename>, C<dirname>
11669 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
11679 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
11693 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
11703 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
11705 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
11717 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
11727 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
11739 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
11747 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
11748 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
11749 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
11755 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
11763 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
11771 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
11772 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
11773 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
11777 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
11785 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
11797 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
11807 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
11808 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
11809 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
11817 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
11851 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
11869 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
11897 file_name_is_absolute
11919 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
11929 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
11962 file_name_is_absolute
11984 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
12000 =item Methods always loaded
12002 canonpath (override)
12020 case_tolerant (override)
12024 file_name_is_absolute (override)
12026 splitpath (override)
12028 splitdir (override)
12042 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
12072 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
12096 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
12110 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
12120 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
12128 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
12136 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
12138 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
12150 =item Temporary files and NFS
12162 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
12176 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
12188 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
12196 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
12202 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
12216 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
12218 =item All-in-one interface
12220 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
12222 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
12225 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
12227 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
12228 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
12229 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
12231 described in the previous section.
12233 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
12235 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
12247 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
12257 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
12261 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
12263 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
12271 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
12273 =item Example 2: Using the context
12275 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
12277 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
12281 =item Filter::Simple
12289 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
12297 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
12309 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
12325 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
12333 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
12335 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
12339 =item Simple options
12341 =item A little bit less simple options
12343 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
12345 =item Options with values
12347 =item Options with multiple values
12349 =item Options with hash values
12351 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
12353 =item Options with multiple names
12355 =item Case and abbreviations
12357 =item Summary of Option Specifications
12359 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
12363 =item Advanced Possibilities
12367 =item Object oriented interface
12369 =item Documentation and help texts
12371 =item Storing options in a hash
12375 =item The lonesome dash
12377 =item Argument callback
12381 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
12383 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
12384 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
12385 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
12386 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
12387 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
12389 =item Return values and Errors
12395 =item Default destinations
12397 =item Alternative option starters
12399 =item Configuration variables
12403 =item Trouble Shooting
12407 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
12409 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
12412 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
12414 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
12420 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12424 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
12435 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
12446 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
12457 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
12459 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
12461 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
12463 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
12465 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
12467 the function super_languages($lang1)
12469 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
12471 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
12473 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
12475 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
12479 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
12481 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
12491 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
12499 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
12501 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
12503 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
12504 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
12505 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
12506 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
12507 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
12508 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
12509 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
12510 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
12511 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
12512 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
12513 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
12514 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
12515 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
12516 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
12517 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
12518 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
12519 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
12520 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
12521 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
12522 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
12523 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
12524 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
12525 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
12526 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
12527 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
12528 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
12529 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
12530 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
12531 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
12532 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
12533 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
12534 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
12535 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
12536 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
12537 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
12538 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
12539 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
12540 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
12541 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
12542 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
12543 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
12544 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
12545 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
12546 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
12547 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
12548 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
12549 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
12550 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
12551 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
12552 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
12553 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
12554 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
12555 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
12556 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
12557 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
12558 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
12559 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
12560 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
12561 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
12562 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
12563 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
12564 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
12565 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
12566 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
12567 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
12568 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
12569 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
12570 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
12571 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
12572 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
12573 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
12574 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
12575 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
12576 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
12577 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
12578 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
12579 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
12580 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
12581 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
12582 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
12583 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
12584 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
12585 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
12586 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
12587 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
12588 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
12589 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
12590 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
12591 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
12592 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
12593 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
12594 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
12595 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
12596 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
12597 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
12598 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
12599 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
12600 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
12601 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
12602 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
12603 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
12604 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
12605 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
12606 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
12607 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
12608 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
12609 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
12610 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
12611 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
12612 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
12613 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
12614 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
12615 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
12616 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
12617 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
12618 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
12619 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
12620 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
12621 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
12625 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12631 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
12649 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
12653 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
12663 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
12671 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
12672 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
12682 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
12692 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
12696 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
12704 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
12714 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
12718 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
12719 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
12720 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
12721 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
12733 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
12743 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
12747 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
12757 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
12767 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
12768 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
12778 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
12786 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
12787 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
12796 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
12806 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
12810 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
12811 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
12812 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
12822 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
12836 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
12837 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
12847 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
12863 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
12876 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
12890 hostpath(), peerpath()
12900 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
12909 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
12910 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
12920 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
12930 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
12934 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
12942 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
12953 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
12957 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
12958 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
12959 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
12960 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
12972 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
12982 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
12986 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
12996 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
13006 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
13007 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
13017 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
13026 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
13027 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
13036 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
13047 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
13051 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
13052 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
13053 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
13063 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
13078 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
13079 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
13089 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
13090 AF_INET domain sockets
13106 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
13119 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
13120 AF_UNIX domain sockets
13134 hostpath(), peerpath()
13144 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
13154 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
13155 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
13166 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
13180 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
13193 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
13203 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
13204 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
13205 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
13216 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
13234 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
13244 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
13245 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
13256 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
13267 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
13268 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
13269 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
13280 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
13288 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
13289 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
13291 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
13297 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
13298 general-utility list subroutines
13306 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
13307 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
13309 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
13315 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
13316 general-utility scalar subroutines
13324 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
13325 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
13333 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
13341 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13345 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
13353 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
13365 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
13371 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13373 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
13374 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
13380 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13382 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
13388 =item CODE ALIASING
13398 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13402 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
13403 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
13404 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
13405 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
13413 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
13414 identification (ISO 4217)
13432 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13434 code2currency(), currency2code()
13440 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13442 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
13450 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13454 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
13462 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
13479 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13481 code2language(), language2code()
13487 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13489 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
13497 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13501 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
13502 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
13510 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
13518 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
13524 =item Construction Methods
13526 =item The "maketext" Method
13528 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
13530 =item Utility Methods
13532 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
13533 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
13534 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
13535 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
13537 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
13541 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
13543 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
13545 =item BRACKET NOTATION
13547 =item AUTO LEXICONS
13549 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
13551 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
13555 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13561 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
13569 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
13573 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
13575 =item The Linguistic View
13577 =item Breaking gettext
13579 =item Replacing gettext
13581 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
13583 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
13585 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
13587 =item Buzzword: Concision
13589 =item The Devil in the Details
13591 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
13599 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
13607 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
13611 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
13619 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
13620 of quoted-printable strings
13628 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
13634 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
13643 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
13649 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
13659 =item Canonical notation
13663 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
13665 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
13669 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
13670 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
13678 =item Autocreating constants
13684 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
13692 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
13700 Canonical notation, Input, Output
13702 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
13712 =item Rounding mode R
13714 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
13715 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
13716 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
13729 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
13737 =item Autocreating constants
13743 =item Alternative math libraries
13749 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
13753 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
13754 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
13765 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
13775 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
13779 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
13781 the same terms as Perl itself.
13789 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
13802 =item STRINGIFICATION
13806 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
13812 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
13814 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
13822 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
13830 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
13836 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
13838 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
13842 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
13844 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
13848 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
13850 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
13852 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
13853 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
13857 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
13863 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
13873 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
13891 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
13893 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
13897 =item OTHER FACILITIES
13903 =item C<flush_cache>
13909 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
13911 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
13919 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
13925 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
13934 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
13945 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
13957 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
13965 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
13973 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
13982 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
13991 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
13999 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
14007 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14013 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14017 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14021 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
14031 =item Enforcing redispatch
14033 =item Avoiding repetitions
14039 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
14045 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
14055 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
14058 =item CLASS METHODS
14060 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
14061 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
14062 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
14072 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
14082 requires_firewall HOST
14084 =item NetConfig VALUES
14086 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
14087 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
14088 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
14092 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
14101 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
14109 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
14121 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
14125 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
14126 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
14127 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
14128 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
14129 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
14130 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
14131 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
14132 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
14133 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
14134 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
14135 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
14136 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
14137 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
14141 =item Methods for the adventurous
14147 =item THE dataconn CLASS
14149 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
14150 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
14152 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
14154 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
14156 =item REPORTING BUGS
14164 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
14172 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
14182 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
14186 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
14187 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
14188 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
14189 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
14190 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
14195 =item Extension methods
14197 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
14198 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
14199 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
14200 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
14209 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
14219 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
14231 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
14235 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
14236 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
14237 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
14238 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
14250 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
14262 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
14263 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();,
14264 pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
14278 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
14290 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
14294 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
14295 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
14296 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
14297 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
14298 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
14299 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
14310 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
14318 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
14319 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
14327 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
14344 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
14352 =item Where to get this document
14354 =item How to contribute to this document
14358 =item Author and Copyright Information
14366 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
14370 =item What is libnet ?
14372 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
14374 =item What other modules do I need ?
14376 =item What machines support libnet ?
14378 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
14382 =item Using Net::FTP
14386 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
14388 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
14390 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
14392 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
14395 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
14397 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
14399 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
14401 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
14403 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
14405 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
14408 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
14410 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
14413 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
14416 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
14420 =item Using Net::SMTP
14424 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
14427 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
14429 =item The verify method always returns true ?
14433 =item Debugging scripts
14437 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
14441 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
14445 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
14462 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
14477 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
14494 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
14502 =item THE .netrc FILE
14504 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
14509 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
14513 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
14523 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
14533 =item IMPLEMENTATION
14539 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
14547 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14553 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14557 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14561 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
14573 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
14575 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
14576 or optag, an operator set (opset)
14578 =item Opcode Functions
14580 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
14581 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
14582 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
14585 =item Manipulating Opsets
14587 =item TO DO (maybe)
14593 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
14595 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
14596 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
14597 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
14606 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
14615 a new namespace, an operator mask
14621 =item RECENT CHANGES
14623 =item Methods in class Safe
14625 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
14626 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
14627 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
14628 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
14630 =item Some Safety Issues
14632 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
14640 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
14653 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
14667 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
14668 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
14669 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
14670 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
14671 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
14672 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
14673 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
14674 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
14675 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
14676 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
14677 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
14678 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
14679 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
14680 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
14681 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
14682 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
14683 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
14684 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
14685 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
14686 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
14687 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
14688 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
14689 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
14690 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
14691 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
14698 =item POSIX::SigAction
14702 =item POSIX::SigSet
14704 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
14706 =item POSIX::Termios
14708 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
14709 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
14710 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
14711 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
14712 values, c_oflag field values
14716 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
14720 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
14724 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
14782 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
14791 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
14795 =item Defaults and how to override them
14805 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
14815 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
14823 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
14824 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
14825 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
14826 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
14827 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
14828 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
14829 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
14833 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
14839 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
14845 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
14851 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
14863 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
14864 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
14865 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
14866 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
14867 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
14868 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
14869 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
14870 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
14875 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
14876 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
14877 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
14878 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
14879 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
14880 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
14884 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
14885 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
14897 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
14899 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
14902 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
14904 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
14906 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
14908 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
14910 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
14918 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
14930 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
14932 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
14939 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
14945 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
14947 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
14954 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
14966 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
14976 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
14977 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
14992 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
15005 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
15006 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
15012 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
15036 =item B<was_cutting()>
15042 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
15048 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
15054 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
15060 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
15066 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15072 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
15078 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
15084 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
15090 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
15096 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
15102 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
15108 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
15114 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
15120 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
15126 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
15132 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15138 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
15144 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
15150 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
15156 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
15162 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
15168 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
15174 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
15180 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
15186 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
15192 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
15198 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
15204 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15210 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
15222 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
15234 =item OBJECT METHODS
15242 =item Data Accessors
15258 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
15260 B<StartWithNewPage>
15274 =item Subclassed methods
15288 B<interior_sequence>
15304 =item Methods for headings
15312 =item Internal methods
15318 B<_replace_special_chars>
15320 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
15326 B<_clean_latex_commands>
15328 B<_split_delimited>
15344 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
15352 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
15357 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
15358 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
15359 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
15370 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15374 =head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
15384 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15388 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
15402 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
15410 $list-E<gt>indent()
15418 $list-E<gt>parent()
15424 =item Pod::Hyperlink
15426 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
15430 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
15432 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
15436 $link-E<gt>warning()
15438 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
15444 $link-E<gt>alttext()
15454 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
15460 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
15464 =item Pod::Cache::Item
15466 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
15470 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
15472 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
15474 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
15476 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
15478 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
15480 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
15482 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
15492 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
15504 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15506 =item PARSING OPTIONS
15508 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
15509 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
15515 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
15523 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15529 =item B<verbatim()>
15531 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15537 =item B<textblock()>
15539 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15545 =item B<interior_sequence()>
15551 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
15563 =item B<initialize()>
15569 =item B<begin_pod()>
15575 =item B<begin_input()>
15581 =item B<end_input()>
15593 =item B<preprocess_line()>
15599 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
15605 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
15611 =item B<parse_text()>
15613 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
15614 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
15615 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
15621 =item B<interpolate()>
15627 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
15633 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
15639 =item B<parse_from_file()>
15645 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
15651 =item B<errorsub()>
15663 =item B<parseopts()>
15669 =item B<output_file()>
15675 =item B<output_handle()>
15681 =item B<input_file()>
15687 =item B<input_handle()>
15693 =item B<input_streams()>
15699 =item B<top_stream()>
15705 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
15711 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
15717 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
15723 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
15731 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
15751 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
15764 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
15766 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
15772 =item OBJECT METHODS
15778 =item B<curr_headings()>
15790 =item B<add_selection()>
15796 =item B<clear_selections()>
15802 =item B<match_section()>
15808 =item B<is_selected()>
15814 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
15820 =item B<podselect()>
15822 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
15828 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
15834 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
15840 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
15846 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
15858 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
15866 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
15870 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
15871 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph
15872 "%s", %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
15883 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15887 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
15901 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15905 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
15920 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15924 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
15925 text with format escapes
15939 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15943 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
15952 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
15961 =item Recommended Use
15969 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
15973 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
15980 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
15984 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
15988 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
15992 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
15998 =item OVER AND ITEMS
16000 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
16003 =item FORMATTING CODES
16005 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
16011 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
16019 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16025 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16029 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16033 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
16041 a new namespace, an operator mask
16047 =item RECENT CHANGES
16049 =item Methods in class Safe
16051 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16052 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16053 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16054 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16056 =item Some Safety Issues
16058 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16066 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
16074 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
16075 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
16083 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
16093 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
16103 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
16113 =item The __DATA__ token
16115 =item SelfLoader autoloading
16117 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
16119 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
16121 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
16123 =item Classes and inherited methods.
16127 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
16131 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
16141 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
16149 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
16150 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
16158 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
16159 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
16160 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
16161 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
16162 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
16166 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
16176 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
16180 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
16182 =item ERROR REPORTING
16190 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
16195 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
16196 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
16220 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
16234 =item Allowing fall-through
16236 =item Automating fall-through
16238 =item Alternative syntax
16240 =item Higher-order Operations
16256 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
16266 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
16278 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
16279 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
16287 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
16288 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
16299 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
16300 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
16308 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
16309 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
16320 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
16330 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
16331 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
16332 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
16336 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
16350 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
16366 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
16368 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
16370 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
16372 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
16380 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16388 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
16396 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
16406 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
16407 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
16415 =item Minimal set of supported functions
16417 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
16418 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
16420 =item Additional supported functions
16422 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
16432 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
16458 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
16462 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
16472 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
16492 =item Setting up tests
16508 =item Running tests
16514 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
16532 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
16544 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
16548 =item Test Status and Info
16556 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
16578 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
16588 =item The test script output
16590 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
16591 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
16592 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
16596 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
16621 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
16622 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
16623 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
16624 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
16628 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
16629 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
16644 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
16654 =item I love it when a plan comes together
16664 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
16692 =item Conditional tests
16702 =item Comparison functions
16718 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
16720 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family have some caveats, Test::Harness
16733 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
16757 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
16766 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
16774 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
16776 =item Where to start?
16780 =item Test the manual
16782 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
16784 =item Testing lots of values
16786 =item Informative names
16788 =item Skipping tests
16792 =item Testing with taint mode.
16804 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
16816 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
16826 =item General behaviour in list contexts
16830 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
16832 =item A note about prefixes
16834 =item C<extract_delimited>
16836 =item C<extract_bracketed>
16838 =item C<extract_tagged>
16840 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
16841 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
16843 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
16845 =item C<extract_quotelike>
16847 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
16849 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
16851 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
16853 =item C<extract_codeblock>
16855 =item C<extract_multiple>
16857 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
16863 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
16864 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
16865 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
16866 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
16867 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
16868 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
16869 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
16870 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
16871 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
16872 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
16873 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
16874 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
16879 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
16885 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
16900 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
16917 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
16932 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
16948 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl
16960 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
16961 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
16962 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
16966 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
16974 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
16982 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
16984 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
16990 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
16998 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
17000 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
17004 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
17016 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
17026 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
17034 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
17035 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
17036 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
17037 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
17045 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
17054 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
17055 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
17056 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
17057 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
17059 =item MORE INFORMATION
17061 =item COMPATIBILITY
17065 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
17073 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
17074 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
17078 =item MORE INFORMATION
17082 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
17100 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
17109 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
17111 =item MORE INFORMATION
17115 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
17127 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
17136 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
17137 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
17138 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
17139 getitimer ( $which )
17155 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
17163 =item IMPLEMENTATION
17169 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
17184 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
17199 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
17211 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
17219 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
17220 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
17224 =head2 Unicode::Collate - use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
17234 =item Constructor and Tailoring
17236 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
17237 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
17238 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
17240 =item Other methods
17242 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
17243 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
17244 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
17245 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
17246 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
17247 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
17248 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
17249 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
17261 Unicode Collation Algorithm - Unicode TR #10, L<Unicode::Normalize>
17265 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - normalized forms of Unicode text
17273 C<$string_NFD = NFD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFC = NFC($raw_string)>,
17274 C<$string_NFKD = NFKD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFKC = NFKC($raw_string)>,
17275 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $raw_string)>
17287 L<Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util>, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/
17291 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
17333 =item Blocks versus Scripts
17335 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
17337 =item Code Point Arguments
17363 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
17369 =item Implementation Note
17381 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
17396 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
17407 =item System Specifics
17421 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
17429 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
17431 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
17432 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
17433 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
17434 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
17435 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
17436 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
17437 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
17438 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
17439 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
17440 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
17441 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
17442 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
17443 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
17444 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
17445 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
17446 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
17452 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
17470 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
17482 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
17484 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
17485 don't all have manual pages yet:
17511 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles