4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
22 modularity and reusability using innumerable modules, embeddable and
23 extensible, roll-your-own magic variables (including multiple simultaneous
24 DBM implementations), subroutines can now be overridden, autoloaded, and
25 prototyped, arbitrarily nested data structures and anonymous functions,
26 object-oriented programming, compilability into C code or Perl bytecode,
27 support for light-weight processes (threads), support for
28 internationalization, localization, and Unicode, lexical scoping, regular
29 expression enhancements, enhanced debugger and interactive Perl
30 environment, with integrated editor support, POSIX 1003.1 compliant library
50 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
57 perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ, L<perlfaq1>: General Questions
58 About Perl, What is Perl?, Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it
59 free?, Which version of Perl should I use?, What are perl4 and perl5?, What
60 is perl6?, How stable is Perl?, Is Perl difficult to learn?, How does Perl
61 compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl?, Can
62 I do [task] in Perl?, When shouldn't I program in Perl?, What's the
63 difference between "perl" and "Perl"?, Is it a Perl program or a Perl
64 script?, What is a JAPH?, Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?,
65 How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
66 (5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?, L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and
67 Learning about Perl, What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?, How
68 can I get a binary version of Perl?, I don't have a C compiler on my
69 system. How can I compile perl?, I copied the Perl binary from one machine
70 to another, but scripts don't work, I grabbed the sources and tried to
71 compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make
72 it work?, What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is
73 CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean?, Is there an ISO or ANSI certified
74 version of Perl?, Where can I get information on Perl?, What are the Perl
75 newsgroups on USENET? Where do I post questions?, Where should I post
76 source code?, Perl Books, Perl in Magazines, Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW
77 Access, What mailing lists are there for perl?, Archives of
78 comp.lang.perl.misc, Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?, Where
79 do I send bug reports?, What is perl.com?, L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools,
80 How do I do (anything)?, How can I use Perl interactively?, Is there a Perl
81 shell?, How do I debug my Perl programs?, How do I profile my Perl
82 programs?, How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?, Is there a
83 pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?, Is there a ctags for Perl?, Is there
84 an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?, Where can I get Perl macros for vi?, Where
85 can I get perl-mode for emacs?, How can I use curses with Perl?, How can I
86 use X or Tk with Perl?, How can I generate simple menus without using CGI
87 or Tk?, What is undump?, How can I make my Perl program run faster?, How
88 can I make my Perl program take less memory?, Is it unsafe to return a
89 pointer to local data?, How can I free an array or hash so my program
90 shrinks?, How can I make my CGI script more efficient?, How can I hide the
91 source for my Perl program?, How can I compile my Perl program into byte
92 code or C?, How can I compile Perl into Java?, How can I get C<#!perl> to
93 work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?, Can I write useful perl programs on the command
94 line?, Why don't perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?, Where can
95 I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?, Where can I learn about
96 object-oriented Perl programming?, Where can I learn about linking C with
97 Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp], I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't
98 embed perl in my C program, what am I doing wrong?, When I tried to run my
99 script, I got this message. What does it mean?, What's MakeMaker?,
100 L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation, Why am I getting long decimals (eg,
101 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?,
102 Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?, Does Perl have a round()
103 function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions?, How do I
104 convert bits into ints?, Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?, How do I
105 multiply matrices?, How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?,
106 How can I output Roman numerals?, Why aren't my random numbers random?, How
107 do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?, How do I find the current
108 century or millennium?, How can I compare two dates and find the
109 difference?, How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?, How
110 can I find the Julian Day?, How do I find yesterday's date?, Does Perl have
111 a year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?, How do I validate input?, How
112 do I unescape a string?, How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?,
113 How do I expand function calls in a string?, How do I find matching/nesting
114 anything?, How do I reverse a string?, How do I expand tabs in a string?,
115 How do I reformat a paragraph?, How can I access/change the first N letters
116 of a string?, How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?, How can I
117 count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string?, How do I
118 capitalize all the words on one line?, How can I split a [character]
119 delimited string except when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files),
120 How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?, How do I
121 pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?, How do I extract
122 selected columns from a string?, How do I find the soundex value of a
123 string?, How can I expand variables in text strings?, What's wrong with
124 always quoting "$vars"?, Why don't my <<HERE documents work?, What is the
125 difference between a list and an array?, What is the difference between
126 $array[1] and @array[1]?, How can I remove duplicate elements from a list
127 or array?, How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain
128 element?, How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute
129 the intersection of two arrays?, How do I test whether two arrays or hashes
130 are equal?, How do I find the first array element for which a condition is
131 true?, How do I handle linked lists?, How do I handle circular lists?, How
132 do I shuffle an array randomly?, How do I process/modify each element of an
133 array?, How do I select a random element from an array?, How do I permute N
134 elements of a list?, How do I sort an array by (anything)?, How do I
135 manipulate arrays of bits?, Why does defined() return true on empty arrays
136 and hashes?, How do I process an entire hash?, What happens if I add or
137 remove keys from a hash while iterating over it?, How do I look up a hash
138 element by value?, How can I know how many entries are in a hash?, How do I
139 sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?, How can I always keep my
140 hash sorted?, What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with
141 hashes?, Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?, How
142 do I reset an each() operation part-way through?, How can I get the unique
143 keys from two hashes?, How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM
144 file?, How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?,
145 Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it?,
146 How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array
147 of hashes or arrays?, How can I use a reference as a hash key?, How do I
148 handle binary data correctly?, How do I determine whether a scalar is a
149 number/whole/integer/float?, How do I keep persistent data across program
150 calls?, How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?, How do I
151 define methods for every class/object?, How do I verify a credit card
152 checksum?, How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?,
153 L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats, How do I flush/unbuffer an output
154 filehandle? Why must I do this?, How do I change one line in a file/delete
155 a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the
156 beginning of a file?, How do I count the number of lines in a file?, How do
157 I make a temporary file name?, How can I manipulate fixed-record-length
158 files?, How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
159 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?,
160 How can I use a filehandle indirectly?, How can I set up a footer format to
161 be used with write()?, How can I write() into a string?, How can I output
162 my numbers with commas added?, How can I translate tildes (~) in a
163 filename?, How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?, Why do
164 I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?, Is there a
165 leak/bug in glob()?, How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing
166 blanks?, How can I reliably rename a file?, How can I lock a file?, Why
167 can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?, I still don't get locking. I just
168 want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this?, How do I
169 randomly update a binary file?, How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?,
170 How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?, How do I print to more than one
171 file at once?, How can I read in an entire file all at once?, How can I
172 read in a file by paragraphs?, How can I read a single character from a
173 file? From the keyboard?, How can I tell whether there's a character
174 waiting on a filehandle?, How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?, How do I dup()
175 a filehandle in Perl?, How do I close a file descriptor by number?, Why
176 can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe`
177 work?, Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?, Why does Perl let me
178 delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber protected files? Isn't
179 this a bug in Perl?, How do I select a random line from a file?, Why do I
180 get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?, L<perlfaq6>: Regexps, How
181 can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and
182 unmaintainable code?, I'm having trouble matching over more than one line.
183 What's wrong?, How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are
184 themselves on different lines?, I put a regular expression into $/ but it
185 didn't work. What's wrong?, How do I substitute case insensitively on the
186 LHS, but preserving case on the RHS?, How can I make C<\w> match national
187 character sets?, How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?,
188 How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?, What is C</o> really for?,
189 How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file?,
190 Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?, What does it
191 mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?, How do I process
192 each word on each line?, How can I print out a word-frequency or
193 line-frequency summary?, How can I do approximate matching?, How do I
194 efficiently match many regular expressions at once?, Why don't
195 word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?, Why does using $&, $`, or
196 $' slow my program down?, What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?, Are
197 Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?, What's wrong with
198 using grep or map in a void context?, How can I match strings with
199 multibyte characters?, How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the
200 user?, L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues, Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE
201 for the Perl language?, What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how
202 do I know when to use them?, Do I always/never have to quote my strings or
203 use semicolons and commas?, How do I skip some return values?, How do I
204 temporarily block warnings?, What's an extension?, Why do Perl operators
205 have different precedence than C operators?, How do I declare/create a
206 structure?, How do I create a module?, How do I create a class?, How can I
207 tell if a variable is tainted?, What's a closure?, What is variable suicide
208 and how can I prevent it?, How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle,
209 Array, Hash, Method, Regex}?, How do I create a static variable?, What's
210 the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between
211 local() and my()?, How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly
212 named lexical is in scope?, What's the difference between deep and shallow
213 binding?, Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?, How do I redefine a
214 builtin function, operator, or method?, What's the difference between
215 calling a function as &foo and foo()?, How do I create a switch or case
216 statement?, How can I catch accesses to undefined
217 variables/functions/methods?, Why can't a method included in this same file
218 be found?, How can I find out my current package?, How can I comment out a
219 large block of perl code?, How do I clear a package?, How can I use a
220 variable as a variable name?, L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction, How do I
221 find out which operating system I'm running under?, How come exec() doesn't
222 return?, How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?, How do I
223 print something out in color?, How do I read just one key without waiting
224 for a return key?, How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?,
225 How do I clear the screen?, How do I get the screen size?, How do I ask the
226 user for a password?, How do I read and write the serial port?, How do I
227 decode encrypted password files?, How do I start a process in the
228 background?, How do I trap control characters/signals?, How do I modify the
229 shadow password file on a Unix system?, How do I set the time and date?,
230 How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?, How can I measure time
231 under a second?, How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception
232 handling), Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)?
233 What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?, How can I call
234 my system's unique C functions from Perl?, Where do I get the include files
235 to do ioctl() or syscall()?, Why do setuid perl scripts complain about
236 kernel problems?, How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?, Why
237 can't I get the output of a command with system()?, How can I capture
238 STDERR from an external command?, Why doesn't open() return an error when a
239 pipe open fails?, What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?, How
240 can I call backticks without shell processing?, Why can't my script read
241 from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?, How can I
242 convert my shell script to perl?, Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp
243 session?, How can I write expect in Perl?, Is there a way to hide perl's
244 command line from programs such as "ps"?, I {changed directory, modified my
245 environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I
246 exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible?, How do I close
247 a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete?, How do I fork a
248 daemon process?, How do I make my program run with sh and csh?, How do I
249 find out if I'm running interactively or not?, How do I timeout a slow
250 event?, How do I set CPU limits?, How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?,
251 How do I use an SQL database?, How do I make a system() exit on control-C?,
252 How do I open a file without blocking?, How do I install a module from
253 CPAN?, What's the difference between require and use?, How do I keep my own
254 module/library directory?, How do I add the directory my program lives in
255 to the module/library search path?, How do I add a directory to my include
256 path at runtime?, What is socket.ph and where do I get it?, L<perlfaq9>:
257 Networking, My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser.
258 (500 Server Error), How can I get better error messages from a CGI
259 program?, How do I remove HTML from a string?, How do I extract URLs?, How
260 do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on
261 another machine?, How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?, How do I fetch an
262 HTML file?, How do I automate an HTML form submission?, How do I decode or
263 create those %-encodings on the web?, How do I redirect to another page?,
264 How do I put a password on my web pages?, How do I edit my .htpasswd and
265 .htgroup files with Perl?, How do I make sure users can't enter values into
266 a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things?, How do I parse a mail
267 header?, How do I decode a CGI form?, How do I check a valid mail address?,
268 How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?, How do I return the user's mail
269 address?, How do I send mail?, How do I read mail?, How do I find out my
270 hostname/domainname/IP address?, How do I fetch a news article or the
271 active newsgroups?, How do I fetch/put an FTP file?, How can I do RPC in
276 =item Where to get this document
278 =item How to contribute to this document
280 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
287 =item Author and Copyright Information
291 =item Bundled Distributions
299 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, 24/April/97, 23/April/97,
300 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97
304 =head2 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
310 =item BASIC DOCUMENTATION
314 =item perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
316 SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, AVAILABILITY, ENVIRONMENT, AUTHOR, FILES, SEE ALSO,
317 DIAGNOSTICS, BUGS, NOTES
319 =item perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
328 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
336 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
346 =item Simple statements
348 =item Compound statements
356 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
360 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
362 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
368 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
382 =item Scalar value constructors
384 =item List value constructors
388 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
396 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
406 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
408 =item The Arrow Operator
410 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
414 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
416 =item Binding Operators
418 =item Multiplicative Operators
420 =item Additive Operators
422 =item Shift Operators
424 =item Named Unary Operators
426 =item Relational Operators
428 =item Equality Operators
432 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
434 =item C-style Logical And
436 =item C-style Logical Or
438 =item Range Operators
440 =item Conditional Operator
442 =item Assignment Operators
446 =item List Operators (Rightward)
452 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
454 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
456 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
458 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
460 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
462 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
463 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
464 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
465 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
467 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
469 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
470 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
471 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
472 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
477 =item Constant Folding
479 =item Bitwise String Operators
481 =item Integer Arithmetic
483 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
491 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
501 =item Private Variables via my()
503 =item Persistent Private Variables
505 =item Temporary Values via local()
507 =item Lvalue subroutines
509 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
511 =item When to Still Use local()
513 1. You need to give a global variable a temporary value, especially $_, 2.
514 You need to create a local file or directory handle or a local function, 3.
515 You want to temporarily change just one element of an array or hash
517 =item Pass by Reference
521 =item Constant Functions
523 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
527 =item Subroutine Attributes
535 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
543 =item Perl Functions by Category
545 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
546 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
547 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
548 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
549 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
550 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
551 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
552 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
553 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
554 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
559 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
561 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
562 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
563 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
564 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
565 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
566 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
567 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
568 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
569 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
570 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
571 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
572 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
573 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
574 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
575 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
576 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
577 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
578 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
579 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
580 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
581 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
582 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
583 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
584 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
585 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
586 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
587 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
588 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
589 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
590 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
591 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
592 FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
593 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
594 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
595 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
596 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
597 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
598 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
599 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
600 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
601 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
602 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
603 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
604 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
605 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
606 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
607 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
608 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
609 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
610 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
611 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
612 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
613 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
614 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
615 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
616 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
617 study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr
618 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
619 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
620 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
621 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
622 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
623 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
624 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
625 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
626 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
627 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
628 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
629 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
630 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
631 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
637 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
643 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
651 =item Making References
653 =item Using References
671 =item Distribution Conditions
677 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
683 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
684 more elaborate constructs
688 =item COMMON MISTAKES
690 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
692 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
698 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
702 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
704 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
706 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
710 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
714 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
716 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
718 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
722 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
726 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
728 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
730 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
734 =item HASHES OF HASHES
738 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
740 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
742 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
746 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
750 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
752 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
754 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
766 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
776 =item Simple word matching
778 =item Using character classes
780 \d is a digit and represents [0-9], \s is a whitespace character and
781 represents [\ \t\r\n\f], \w is a word character (alphanumeric or _) and
782 represents [0-9a-zA-Z_], \D is a negated \d; it represents any character
783 but a digit [^0-9], \S is a negated \s; it represents any non-whitespace
784 character [^\s], \W is a negated \w; it represents any non-word character
785 [^\w], The period '.' matches any character but "\n"
787 =item Matching this or that
789 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
791 =item Extracting matches
793 =item Matching repetitions
795 C<a?> = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C<a*> = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e.,
796 any number of times, C<a+> = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least
797 once, C<a{n,m}> = match at least C<n> times, but not more than C<m> times,
798 C<a{n,}> = match at least C<n> or more times, C<a{n}> = match exactly C<n>
803 =item Search and replace
805 =item The split operator
813 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
817 =item Acknowledgments
823 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
831 =item Verbatim Paragraph
833 =item Command Paragraph
835 =item Ordinary Block of Text
839 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
841 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
851 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
859 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
877 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
879 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
880 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
881 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
882 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
884 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
886 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
887 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
888 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
892 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
894 =item Numerical Traps
896 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
898 =item General data type traps
900 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
901 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
903 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
905 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
907 =item Precedence Traps
909 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
912 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
914 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
915 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
918 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
920 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
926 =item Interpolation Traps
928 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
929 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
935 =item Unclassified Traps
937 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
944 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
954 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
956 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
958 =item Location of Perl
960 =item Command Switches
962 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
963 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
964 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
965 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
966 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
967 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
974 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
975 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
976 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
980 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
988 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
996 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
998 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
1000 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
1004 =item Backward Compatibility
1006 =item Category Hierarchy
1008 =item Fatal Warnings
1010 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
1022 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
1030 =item Looking at data and -w and w
1034 =item Stepping through code
1036 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
1038 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
1056 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
1062 =item The Perl Debugger
1066 =item Debugger Commands
1068 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
1069 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
1070 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
1071 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
1072 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
1073 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
1074 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
1075 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
1076 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
1078 =item Configurable Options
1080 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
1081 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
1082 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
1083 C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
1084 C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
1085 C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
1087 =item Debugger input/output
1089 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
1092 =item Debugging compile-time statements
1094 =item Debugger Customization
1096 =item Readline Support
1098 =item Editor Support for Debugging
1100 =item The Perl Profiler
1104 =item Debugging regular expressions
1106 =item Debugging memory usage
1114 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1122 =item Predefined Names
1124 $ARG, $_, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1125 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1126 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1127 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1128 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
1129 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
1130 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
1131 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
1132 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
1133 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
1134 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
1135 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
1136 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
1137 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
1138 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
1139 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
1140 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1141 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
1142 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
1143 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
1144 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
1145 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
1146 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
1147 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
1148 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1149 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1150 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
1151 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC,
1152 %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1154 =item Error Indicators
1156 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1164 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1170 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1172 =item Growing Your Own
1174 =item Access and Printing
1184 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1190 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1198 =item The Minus File
1200 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1206 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1210 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1214 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1218 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1220 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1222 =item Paths as Opens
1224 =item Single Argument Open
1226 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1230 =item Other I/O Issues
1234 =item Opening Non-File Files
1244 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1250 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1256 =item Part 1: The basics
1260 =item Simple word matching
1262 =item Using character classes
1264 \d is a digit and represents [0-9], \s is a whitespace character and
1265 represents [\ \t\r\n\f], \w is a word character (alphanumeric or _) and
1266 represents [0-9a-zA-Z_], \D is a negated \d; it represents any character
1267 but a digit [^0-9], \S is a negated \s; it represents any non-whitespace
1268 character [^\s], \W is a negated \w; it represents any non-word character
1269 [^\w], The period '.' matches any character but "\n", no modifiers (//):
1270 Default behavior. C<'.'> matches any character except C<"\n">. C<^>
1271 matches only at the beginning of the string and C<$> matches only at the
1272 end or before a newline at the end, s modifier (//s): Treat string as a
1273 single long line. C<'.'> matches any character, even C<"\n">. C<^>
1274 matches only at the beginning of the string and C<$> matches only at the
1275 end or before a newline at the end, m modifier (//m): Treat string as a set
1276 of multiple lines. C<'.'> matches any character except C<"\n">. C<^> and
1277 C<$> are able to match at the start or end of I<any> line within the
1278 string, both s and m modifiers (//sm): Treat string as a single long line,
1279 but detect multiple lines. C<'.'> matches any character, even C<"\n">.
1280 C<^> and C<$>, however, are able to match at the start or end of I<any>
1281 line within the string
1283 =item Matching this or that
1285 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1287 0 Start with the first letter in the string 'a', 1 Try the first
1288 alternative in the first group 'abd', 2 Match 'a' followed by 'b'. So far
1289 so good, 3 'd' in the regexp doesn't match 'c' in the string - a dead end.
1290 So backtrack two characters and pick the second alternative in the first
1291 group 'abc', 4 Match 'a' followed by 'b' followed by 'c'. We are on a roll
1292 and have satisfied the first group. Set $1 to 'abc', 5 Move on to the
1293 second group and pick the first alternative 'df', 6 Match the 'd', 7 'f' in
1294 the regexp doesn't match 'e' in the string, so a dead end. Backtrack one
1295 character and pick the second alternative in the second group 'd', 8 'd'
1296 matches. The second grouping is satisfied, so set $2 to 'd', 9 We are at
1297 the end of the regexp, so we are done! We have matched 'abcd' out of the
1300 =item Extracting matches
1302 =item Matching repetitions
1304 C<a?> = match 'a' 1 or 0 times, C<a*> = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e.,
1305 any number of times, C<a+> = match 'a' 1 or more times, i.e., at least
1306 once, C<a{n,m}> = match at least C<n> times, but not more than C<m> times,
1307 C<a{n,}> = match at least C<n> or more times, C<a{n}> = match exactly C<n>
1308 times, Principle 0: Taken as a whole, any regexp will be matched at the
1309 earliest possible position in the string, Principle 1: In an alternation
1310 C<a|b|c...>, the leftmost alternative that allows a match for the whole
1311 regexp will be the one used, Principle 2: The maximal matching quantifiers
1312 C<?>, C<*>, C<+> and C<{n,m}> will in general match as much of the string
1313 as possible while still allowing the whole regexp to match, Principle 3: If
1314 there are two or more elements in a regexp, the leftmost greedy quantifier,
1315 if any, will match as much of the string as possible while still allowing
1316 the whole regexp to match. The next leftmost greedy quantifier, if any,
1317 will try to match as much of the string remaining available to it as
1318 possible, while still allowing the whole regexp to match. And so on, until
1319 all the regexp elements are satisfied, C<a??> = match 'a' 0 or 1 times. Try
1320 0 first, then 1, C<a*?> = match 'a' 0 or more times, i.e., any number of
1321 times, but as few times as possible, C<a+?> = match 'a' 1 or more times,
1322 i.e., at least once, but as few times as possible, C<a{n,m}?> = match at
1323 least C<n> times, not more than C<m> times, as few times as possible,
1324 C<a{n,}?> = match at least C<n> times, but as few times as possible,
1325 C<a{n}?> = match exactly C<n> times. Because we match exactly C<n> times,
1326 C<a{n}?> is equivalent to C<a{n}> and is just there for notational
1327 consistency, Principle 3: If there are two or more elements in a regexp,
1328 the leftmost greedy (non-greedy) quantifier, if any, will match as much
1329 (little) of the string as possible while still allowing the whole regexp to
1330 match. The next leftmost greedy (non-greedy) quantifier, if any, will try
1331 to match as much (little) of the string remaining available to it as
1332 possible, while still allowing the whole regexp to match. And so on, until
1333 all the regexp elements are satisfied, 0 Start with the first letter in the
1334 string 't', 1 The first quantifier '.*' starts out by matching the whole
1335 string 'the cat in the hat', 2 'a' in the regexp element 'at' doesn't match
1336 the end of the string. Backtrack one character, 3 'a' in the regexp
1337 element 'at' still doesn't match the last letter of the string 't', so
1338 backtrack one more character, 4 Now we can match the 'a' and the 't', 5
1339 Move on to the third element '.*'. Since we are at the end of the string
1340 and '.*' can match 0 times, assign it the empty string, 6 We are done!
1342 =item Building a regexp
1344 specifying the task in detail,, breaking down the problem into smaller
1345 parts,, translating the small parts into regexps,, combining the regexps,,
1346 and optimizing the final combined regexp
1348 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1352 =item Part 2: Power tools
1356 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1358 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1360 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1362 =item Non-capturing groupings
1364 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1366 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1368 =item Conditional expressions
1370 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1372 =item Pragmas and debugging
1380 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1384 =item Acknowledgments
1390 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1400 =item Regular Expressions
1402 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1404 =item Extended Patterns
1406 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1407 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1408 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1409 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1413 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1415 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1417 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1419 =item Combining pieces together
1421 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1422 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1423 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1424 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1426 =item Creating custom RE engines
1436 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1446 =item Making References
1448 =item Using References
1450 =item Symbolic references
1452 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1454 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1456 =item Function Templates
1466 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1474 =item Format Variables
1484 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1492 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1500 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1502 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1504 =item Invoking a barnyard
1506 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1508 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1510 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1512 =item A few notes about @ISA
1514 =item Overriding the methods
1516 =item Starting the search from a different place
1518 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1520 =item Where we're at so far...
1522 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1524 =item Invoking an instance method
1526 =item Accessing the instance data
1528 =item How to build a horse
1530 =item Inheriting the constructor
1532 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1534 =item Adding parameters to a method
1536 =item More interesting instances
1538 =item A horse of a different color
1550 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1556 =item Creating a Class
1560 =item Object Representation
1562 =item Class Interface
1564 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1566 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1570 =item Other Object Methods
1578 =item Accessing Class Data
1580 =item Debugging Methods
1582 =item Class Destructors
1584 =item Documenting the Interface
1594 =item Overridden Methods
1596 =item Multiple Inheritance
1598 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1602 =item Alternate Object Representations
1606 =item Arrays as Objects
1608 =item Closures as Objects
1612 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1616 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1618 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1622 =item Metaclassical Tools
1628 =item Data Members as Variables
1632 =item Object Terminology
1638 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1644 =item Acknowledgments
1650 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1656 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1660 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1662 =item Inheritance Concerns
1664 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1666 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1668 =item Monadic Classes
1670 =item Translucent Attributes
1674 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1678 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1680 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1682 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1684 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1686 =item Translucency Revisited
1694 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1696 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1702 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1710 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1712 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1714 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1716 =item Method Invocation
1720 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1722 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1728 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1736 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1742 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1744 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1746 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1748 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1750 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1752 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1754 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1756 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1758 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1760 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1766 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1778 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1783 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1784 UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1788 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1789 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1790 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1792 =item Tying FileHandles
1794 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1795 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1800 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1812 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1813 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1829 =item Using open() for IPC
1835 =item Background Processes
1837 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1839 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1841 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1843 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1847 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1851 =item Internet Line Terminators
1853 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1855 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1859 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1863 =item A Simple Client
1865 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1867 =item A Webget Client
1869 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1873 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1875 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1877 =item UDP: Message Passing
1891 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1901 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1903 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1904 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1905 files, directories and network sockets
1907 =item Resource limits
1909 =item Killing the parent process
1911 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1913 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1915 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1916 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1917 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1929 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1937 =item Storing numbers
1939 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1941 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1943 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1944 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1945 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1954 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1960 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1962 =item Threaded Program Models
1974 =item Native threads
1976 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1978 =item Threadsafe Modules
1984 =item Basic Thread Support
1986 =item Creating Threads
1988 =item Giving up control
1990 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1992 =item Errors In Threads
1994 =item Ignoring A Thread
1998 =item Threads And Data
2002 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2004 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2006 =item Controlling access: lock()
2008 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2010 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2014 =item Threads And Code
2018 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2020 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
2022 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
2024 =item Subroutine Locks
2028 =item Locking A Subroutine
2032 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2036 =item What Thread Am I In?
2040 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2042 =item What Threads Are Running?
2046 =item A Complete Example
2054 =item Introductory Texts
2056 =item OS-Related References
2058 =item Other References
2062 =item Acknowledgements
2070 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2076 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2085 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2087 =item Files and Filesystems
2089 =item System Interaction
2091 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2093 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2095 =item Standard Modules
2099 =item Character sets and character encoding
2101 =item Internationalisation
2103 =item System Resources
2113 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2114 http://testers.cpan.org/
2122 =item DOS and Derivatives
2124 Build instructions for OS/2, L<perlos2>
2132 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2140 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2144 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2146 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2147 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2148 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2149 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
2150 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
2151 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
2152 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
2153 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
2154 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
2155 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
2156 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
2157 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
2158 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
2159 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
2160 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
2161 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
2162 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2163 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2164 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2165 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair
2166 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat,
2167 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2168 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2169 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2170 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2176 v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999,
2177 v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May
2178 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December
2179 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August
2180 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998,
2183 =item Supported Platforms
2187 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2193 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2200 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2206 =item The use locale pragma
2208 =item The setlocale function
2210 =item Finding locales
2212 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2214 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2216 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2218 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2220 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2222 =item The localeconv function
2226 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2230 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2232 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2234 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2236 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2240 =item Other categories
2246 B<Comparison operators> (C<lt>, C<le>, C<ge>, C<gt> and C<cmp>):,
2247 B<Case-mapping interpolation> (with C<\l>, C<\L>, C<\u> or C<\U>),
2248 B<Matching operator> (C<m//>):, B<Substitution operator> (C<s///>):,
2249 B<Output formatting functions> (printf() and write()):, B<Case-mapping
2250 functions> (lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), ucfirst()):, B<POSIX locale-dependent
2251 functions> (localeconv(), strcoll(), strftime(), strxfrm()):, B<POSIX
2252 character class tests> (isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(), isgraph(),
2253 islower(), isprint(), ispunct(), isspace(), isupper(), isxdigit()):
2257 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2258 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2264 =item Backward compatibility
2266 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2268 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2270 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2272 =item Freely available locale definitions
2276 =item An imperfect standard
2284 =item Broken systems
2294 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2302 =item Important Caveat
2304 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2305 to enable a few features
2307 =item Byte and Character semantics
2309 =item Effects of character semantics
2311 =item Character encodings for input and output
2321 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2327 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2335 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2339 =item 13 variant characters
2349 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2351 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4
2353 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2357 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2359 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2361 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2363 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2371 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2373 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2375 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2377 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2381 =item URL ENCODING and DECODING
2385 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2397 chcp, dataset access, iconv, locales
2415 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2423 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2425 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2427 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2431 =item Protecting Your Programs
2439 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2451 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2463 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2469 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2473 =item Pragmatic Modules
2475 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2476 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops,
2477 overload, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings
2479 =item Standard Modules
2481 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
2482 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
2483 B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI,
2484 CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push,
2485 CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy,
2486 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue,
2487 English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command,
2488 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2489 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS,
2490 ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2491 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2492 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
2493 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
2494 File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2,
2495 File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp,
2496 File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
2497 I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2498 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent,
2499 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find,
2500 Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
2501 Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Termcap,
2502 Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
2503 Socket, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine,
2504 Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex,
2505 Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar,
2506 Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm,
2507 UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent
2509 =item Extension Modules
2515 Language Extensions and Documentation Tools, Development Support, Operating
2516 System Interfaces, Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess
2517 Communication, Data Types and Data Type Utilities, Database Interfaces,
2518 User Interfaces, Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages,
2519 File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles), String
2520 Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching, Option,
2521 Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing,
2522 Internationalization and Locale, Authentication, Security, and Encryption,
2523 World Wide Web, HTML, HTTP, CGI, MIME, Server and Daemon Utilities,
2524 Archiving and Compression, Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing,
2525 and Graphing, Mail and Usenet News, Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and
2526 exceptions etc), File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities,
2527 Miscellaneous Modules, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe,
2528 North America, South America
2530 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2534 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2536 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
2537 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
2538 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
2539 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
2540 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
2541 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
2542 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
2543 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
2544 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
2545 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
2546 care when changing a released module
2548 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2550 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
2551 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
2552 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
2553 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
2555 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2557 Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library, Many
2558 applications contain some Perl code that could be reused, Break-out the
2559 reusable code into one or more separate module files, Take the opportunity
2560 to reconsider and redesign the interfaces, In some cases the 'application'
2561 can then be reduced to a small
2569 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2579 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2580 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2594 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2604 =item What should I make into a module?
2606 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2608 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2610 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2612 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2613 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2614 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2616 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2618 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2619 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2629 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2630 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2640 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2642 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2644 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2646 =item What is perl6?
2648 =item How stable is Perl?
2650 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2652 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2655 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2657 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2659 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2661 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2663 =item What is a JAPH?
2665 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2667 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2668 (5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language)?
2672 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2676 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2677 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2685 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2687 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2689 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2691 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2694 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2695 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2697 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2698 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2700 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2702 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2704 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2706 =item Where should I post source code?
2710 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2712 =item Perl in Magazines
2714 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2716 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2718 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2720 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2722 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2724 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2728 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2732 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2741 =item How do I do (anything)?
2743 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2745 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2747 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2749 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2751 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2753 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2755 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2757 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2759 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2761 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2763 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2765 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2767 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2769 =item What is undump?
2771 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2773 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2775 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2777 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2779 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2781 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2783 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2785 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2787 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2789 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2791 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2793 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2795 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2797 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2799 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2800 my C program, what am I doing wrong?
2802 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2805 =item What's MakeMaker?
2809 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2813 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2824 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2825 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2827 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2829 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2832 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2834 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2836 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2838 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2840 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2842 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2850 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2852 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2854 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2856 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2858 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2860 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2862 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2870 =item How do I validate input?
2872 =item How do I unescape a string?
2874 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2876 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2878 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2880 =item How do I reverse a string?
2882 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2884 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2886 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2888 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2890 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2893 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2895 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2896 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2898 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2900 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2902 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2904 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2906 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2908 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2910 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2912 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2913 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2922 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2924 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2926 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2928 a) If @in is sorted, and you want @out to be sorted: (this assumes all true
2929 values in the array), b) If you don't know whether @in is sorted:, c) Like
2930 (b), but @in contains only small integers:, d) A way to do (b) without any
2931 loops or greps:, e) Like (d), but @in contains only small positive
2934 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
2936 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2937 intersection of two arrays?
2939 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2941 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2943 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2945 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2947 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2949 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2951 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2953 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2955 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2957 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2959 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2963 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2967 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2969 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2972 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2974 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2976 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2978 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2980 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2982 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2984 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2986 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2988 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2990 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2992 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2995 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2996 array of hashes or arrays?
2998 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3006 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3008 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3010 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3012 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3014 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3016 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3018 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3022 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3026 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
3035 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3037 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3038 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3040 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3042 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3044 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3046 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3047 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3049 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3051 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3053 =item How can I write() into a string?
3055 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3057 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3059 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3061 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3063 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3065 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3067 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3069 =item How can I lock a file?
3071 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3073 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3074 the file. How can I do this?
3076 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3078 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3080 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3082 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3084 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3086 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3088 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3090 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3092 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3094 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3096 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3098 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
3099 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3101 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3103 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3104 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3106 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3108 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3112 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3116 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
3124 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3125 and unmaintainable code?
3127 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3129 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3131 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3134 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3136 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS, but preserving
3139 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3141 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3143 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3145 =item What is C</o> really for?
3147 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3150 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3152 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3154 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3156 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3158 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3160 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3162 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3164 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3166 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3168 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3170 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3172 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3174 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3178 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3182 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
3183 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
3191 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3193 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3196 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3199 =item How do I skip some return values?
3201 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3203 =item What's an extension?
3205 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3207 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3209 =item How do I create a module?
3211 =item How do I create a class?
3213 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3215 =item What's a closure?
3217 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3219 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3222 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3225 =item How do I create a static variable?
3227 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3228 Between local() and my()?
3230 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3233 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3235 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3237 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3239 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3241 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3243 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3245 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3247 =item How can I find out my current package?
3249 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3251 =item How do I clear a package?
3253 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3257 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3261 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
3270 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3272 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3274 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3276 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3278 =item How do I print something out in color?
3280 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3282 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3284 =item How do I clear the screen?
3286 =item How do I get the screen size?
3288 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3290 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3292 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3294 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3296 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3298 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3300 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3302 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3304 =item How do I set the time and date?
3306 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3308 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3310 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3312 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3313 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3315 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3317 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3319 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3321 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3323 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3325 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3327 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3329 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3331 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3333 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3336 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3338 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3340 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3342 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3345 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3346 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3347 changes to be visible?
3351 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3354 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3356 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3358 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3360 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3362 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3364 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3366 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3368 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3370 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3372 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3374 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3376 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3379 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3381 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3385 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3389 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3398 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3401 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3403 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3405 =item How do I extract URLs?
3407 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3408 file on another machine?
3410 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3412 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3414 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3416 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3418 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3420 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3422 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3424 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3425 CGI script to do bad things?
3427 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3429 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3431 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3433 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3435 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3437 =item How do I send mail?
3439 =item How do I read mail?
3441 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3443 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3445 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3447 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3451 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3455 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3465 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3469 =item Using The Back Ends
3473 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3477 =item The Decompiling Back End
3479 =item The Lint Back End
3481 =item The Simple C Back End
3483 =item The Bytecode Back End
3485 =item The Optimized C Back End
3487 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3488 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3489 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3493 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3499 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3509 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3510 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3514 =item Compiling your C program
3516 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3518 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3520 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3522 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3524 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3526 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3528 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3530 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3535 =item Embedding Perl under Windows
3545 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3551 =item Debugger Internals
3555 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3559 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3561 =item Debugging regular expressions
3565 =item Compile-time output
3567 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3568 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3569 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3572 =item Types of nodes
3574 =item Run-time output
3578 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3582 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3584 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3585 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3588 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3590 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3592 =item B<-DL> details
3596 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3604 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3616 =item Version caveat
3618 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3630 =item What has gone on?
3632 =item Writing good test scripts
3636 =item What's new here?
3638 =item Input and Output Parameters
3640 =item The XSUBPP Program
3642 =item The TYPEMAP file
3644 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3648 =item What has happened here?
3650 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3652 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3654 =item More about XSUB arguments
3656 =item The Argument Stack
3658 =item Extending your Extension
3660 =item Documenting your Extension
3662 =item Installing your Extension
3666 =item New Things in this Example
3670 =item New Things in this Example
3672 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3674 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3676 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3678 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3694 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3706 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3708 =item The Argument Stack
3710 =item The RETVAL Variable
3712 =item The MODULE Keyword
3714 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3716 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3718 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3720 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3722 =item The CODE: Keyword
3724 =item The INIT: Keyword
3726 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3728 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3730 =item Default Parameter Values
3732 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3734 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3736 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3738 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST Keywords
3740 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3742 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3744 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3746 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3748 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3750 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3752 =item The POST_CALL: Keyword
3754 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3756 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3758 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3760 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3762 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3764 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3766 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3768 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3770 =item The CASE: Keyword
3772 =item The & Unary Operator
3774 =item Inserting Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3776 =item Using XS With C++
3778 =item Interface Strategy
3780 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3794 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3806 =item What is an "IV"?
3808 =item Working with SVs
3810 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3812 =item Working with AVs
3814 =item Working with HVs
3816 =item Hash API Extensions
3820 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3822 =item Creating New Variables
3824 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3826 =item Stashes and Globs
3828 =item Double-Typed SVs
3830 =item Magic Variables
3832 =item Assigning Magic
3834 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3838 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3840 =item Localizing changes
3842 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3843 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP
3844 *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char
3845 *key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void
3846 *p)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>,
3847 C<SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV
3848 *gv)>, C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32
3849 maxsarg)>, C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>,
3850 C<void save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3858 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3860 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3862 =item Memory Allocation
3866 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3870 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3880 =item Examining the tree
3882 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3884 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3886 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3888 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3892 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3896 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3898 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3900 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3904 =item Internal Functions
3906 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, m, o, j, x
3910 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3912 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3914 =item Source Documentation
3918 =item Unicode Support
3922 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3924 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3926 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3928 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3930 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3932 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3942 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3948 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3950 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3952 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3972 =item Determining the Context
3976 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3982 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3984 =item Passing Parameters
3986 =item Returning a Scalar
3988 =item Returning a list of values
3990 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3992 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3996 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4000 =item Using call_argv
4002 =item Using call_method
4006 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4008 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4010 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4011 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4014 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4016 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4028 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4038 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4039 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4040 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4041 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4045 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4049 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4050 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4058 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4068 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4070 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4072 B<Decryption Filters>
4074 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4076 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4078 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4090 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4098 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4099 B<filter_fetch_value>
4105 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4107 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4117 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4123 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4124 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4125 bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, CLASS, Copy,
4126 croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv,
4127 eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv, get_hv,
4128 get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
4129 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD,
4130 G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV,
4131 HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete,
4132 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4133 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4134 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
4135 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number,
4136 MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical,
4137 mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc,
4138 NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share,
4139 newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv,
4140 Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
4141 perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace,
4142 PL_dowarn, PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi,
4143 POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4144 PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn,
4145 SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE,
4146 strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW,
4147 SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
4148 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp,
4149 SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4150 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force,
4151 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
4152 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4153 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV,
4154 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8,
4155 SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
4156 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv,
4157 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec,
4158 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4159 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy,
4160 sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4161 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
4162 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
4163 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
4164 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_true,
4165 sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
4166 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn,
4167 sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, U8 *s, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uv,
4168 utf8_to_uv_chk, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN,
4169 XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV,
4170 XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV,
4171 XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
4179 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4194 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4202 B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>,
4203 B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>,
4204 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4205 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4206 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4207 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4208 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4209 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>,
4210 B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4211 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>
4215 =item Co-existence with stdio
4217 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4218 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>,
4219 B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4220 B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>,
4221 B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>,
4222 B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4228 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4234 =item Infrastructure
4238 =item Mailing list archives
4240 =item Bug tracking system
4242 =item Regression Tests
4244 Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to
4267 Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs
4271 =item Perl Internals
4277 =item Garbage Collection
4279 =item Reliable signals
4281 Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed
4282 sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN
4284 =item Interpolated regex performance bugs
4286 =item Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp
4288 =item Make XS easier to use
4290 =item Make embedded Perl easier to use
4292 =item Namespace cleanup
4304 =item A clear division into tutorial and reference
4306 =item Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions
4308 =item More tutorials
4310 Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging
4312 =item Include a search tool
4314 =item Include a locate tool
4316 =item Separate function manpages by default
4318 =item Users can't find the manpages
4320 =item Install ALL Documentation
4322 =item Outstanding issues to be documented
4324 =item Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl
4326 =item Replace man with a perl program
4328 =item Unicode tutorial
4336 =item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2
4338 =item Module versions
4346 VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice
4348 =item Procedural options
4352 =item y2k localtime/gmtime
4354 =item Export File::Find variables
4358 =item Debugger attach/detach
4360 =item Regular Expression debugger
4362 =item Alternative RE Syntax
4364 =item Bundled modules
4370 =item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc.
4372 =item POD Converters
4388 =item POSIX on non-POSIX
4390 =item Portable installations
4398 =item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest
4400 =item Sort out the spawnvp() mess
4402 =item Work out DLL versioning
4408 =item Would be nice to have
4410 C<pack "(stuff)*">, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled
4411 perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format
4412 BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input
4413 should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun
4414 debugger, lvalue functions
4416 =item Possible pragmas
4428 =item constant function cache
4430 =item foreach(reverse...)
4432 =item Cache eval tree
4436 =item Shrink opcode tables
4438 =item Cache hash value
4440 =item Optimize away @_ where possible
4442 =item Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b }
4444 =item Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization
4448 =item Vague possibilities
4450 ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?,
4451 Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real
4452 threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al
4454 =item To Do Or Not To Do
4458 =item Making my() work on "package" variables
4460 =item "or" testing defined not truth
4462 =item "dynamic" lexicals
4464 =item "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals"
4480 =item External threads
4486 =item Per-thread GVs
4498 =item Precompiled modules
4502 =item Typed lexicals
4512 =item Cached compilation
4516 =item Recently Finished Tasks
4520 =item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter)
4526 =item Namespace cleanup
4538 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4544 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4545 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4546 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4547 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4548 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4549 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4550 work?, Patches speak louder than words, L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and
4551 L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>, F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4555 =item Finding Your Way Around
4557 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4559 =item Elements of the interpreter
4561 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4563 =item Internal Variable Types
4569 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4571 =item Millions of Macros
4573 =item Poking at Perl
4575 =item Using a source-level debugger
4577 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4580 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4586 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4590 =item Rational Software's Purify
4592 =item Purify on Unix
4594 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4598 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4602 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4610 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4618 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4630 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4632 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4636 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4640 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4646 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4648 =item Incompatible Changes
4650 =item Core Enhancements
4652 =item Modules and Pragmata
4658 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4662 =item Utility Changes
4664 =item New Documentation
4666 =item Performance Enhancements
4668 sort() has been changed to use mergesort internally as opposed to the
4669 earlier quicksort. For very small lists this may result in slightly slower
4670 sorting times, but in general the speedup should be at least 20%.
4671 Additional bonuses are that the worst case behaviour of sort() is now
4672 better (in computer science terms it now runs in time O(N log N), as
4673 opposed to quicksort's Theta(N**2) worst-case run time behaviour), and that
4674 sort() is now stable (meaning that elements with identical keys will stay
4675 ordered as they were before the sort)
4677 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4681 =item Generic Improvements
4685 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4687 sort() arguments are now compiled in the right wantarray context (they were
4688 accidentally using the context of the sort() itself)
4692 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4696 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4698 =item Changed Internals
4700 =item Known Problems
4704 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4706 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4708 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4710 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4712 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4714 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4716 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4718 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4720 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4722 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4726 =item Reporting Bugs
4734 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4740 =item Core Enhancements
4744 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4746 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4748 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4750 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4752 =item "our" declarations
4754 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4756 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4758 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4760 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4762 =item open() with more than two arguments
4764 =item 64-bit support
4766 =item Large file support
4772 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4774 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4776 =item File globbing implemented internally
4778 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4780 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4782 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4784 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4786 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4788 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4790 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4792 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4794 =item Comments in pack() templates
4796 =item Weak references
4798 =item Binary numbers supported
4800 =item Lvalue subroutines
4802 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4804 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4806 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4808 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
4810 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
4812 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
4814 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
4816 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
4818 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
4820 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
4822 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
4824 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
4826 =item Improved diagnostics
4828 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
4830 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
4832 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
4834 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
4836 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
4838 =item Improved security features
4840 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
4842 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
4844 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
4846 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
4848 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
4850 =item Optional Y2K warnings
4852 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
4856 =item Modules and Pragmata
4862 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
4863 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
4864 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
4865 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
4866 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
4867 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
4868 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
4869 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
4875 =item Utility Changes
4889 =item The Perl Debugger
4893 =item Improved Documentation
4895 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
4896 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
4897 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
4898 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
4900 =item Performance enhancements
4904 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
4906 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
4908 =item Faster subroutine calls
4910 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
4914 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4918 =item -Dusethreads means something different
4920 =item New Configure flags
4922 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
4928 =item -Duselargefiles
4930 =item installusrbinperl
4936 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
4940 =item Platform specific changes
4944 =item Supported platforms
4948 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
4956 =item Significant bug fixes
4960 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
4962 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
4964 =item All compilation errors are true errors
4966 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
4968 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
4970 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
4972 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
4974 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
4976 =item Failures in DESTROY()
4978 =item Locale bugs fixed
4982 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
4984 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
4986 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
4988 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
4992 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4994 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
4995 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
4996 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
4997 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
4998 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
4999 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5000 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5001 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5002 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5003 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5004 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5005 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5006 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5007 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5008 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5009 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5010 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5011 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5012 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5013 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5014 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5015 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5016 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5017 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5018 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5019 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5020 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5021 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5022 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5023 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5024 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5025 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5026 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5027 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5028 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5029 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5030 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5031 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5032 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5033 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5034 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5035 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5036 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5037 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5038 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5039 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5040 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5041 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5042 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5043 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5047 =item Incompatible Changes
5051 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5053 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5054 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5055 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5056 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5057 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5058 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), values() and
5059 C<\(%h)> operate on aliases to values, not copies, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS)
5060 enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed,
5061 C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator,
5062 Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit
5063 operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their
5066 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5068 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5070 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5072 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5074 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5078 =item Known Problems
5082 =item Thread test failures
5084 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5086 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5088 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5090 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5093 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5095 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5097 =item Experimental features
5099 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5100 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5101 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression constructs C<(?{ code })>
5106 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5108 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5109 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5110 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5111 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5113 =item Reporting Bugs
5121 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5127 =item About the new versioning system
5129 =item Incompatible Changes
5133 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5135 =item Default installation structure has changed
5137 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5139 =item C Source Compatibility
5141 Core sources now require ANSI C compiler, All Perl global variables must
5142 now be referenced with an explicit prefix, Enabling threads has source
5143 compatibility issues
5145 =item Binary Compatibility
5147 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5149 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5163 =item Regular Expressions
5165 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5166 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5167 improvements, Incompatible changes
5169 =item Improved malloc()
5171 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5173 =item Reliable signals
5175 =item Reliable stack pointers
5177 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5181 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5183 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5185 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5187 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5189 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5191 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5193 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5195 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5197 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5199 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5201 =item Better locale support
5203 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5205 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5207 =item Extended support for exception handling
5209 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5211 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5213 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5215 =item New C<lock> keyword
5217 =item New C<qr//> operator
5219 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5221 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5223 =item Tied handles support is better
5225 =item 4th argument to substr
5227 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5229 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5231 =item <> now reads in records
5235 =item Supported Platforms
5241 =item Changes in existing support
5245 =item Modules and Pragmata
5251 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5252 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5253 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5255 =item Changes in existing modules
5257 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5258 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd, Benchmark
5262 =item Utility Changes
5264 =item Documentation Changes
5266 =item New Diagnostics
5268 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5269 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5270 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5271 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5272 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5273 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5274 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5275 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5276 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5277 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5278 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5279 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5280 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5281 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5282 detected while looking for method '%s' in package '%s', Reference found
5283 where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use
5284 of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5286 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5288 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5289 temporary file, regexp too big
5291 =item Configuration Changes
5301 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5307 =item Supported Environments
5313 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5315 =item "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error now lists @INC
5317 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5319 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5321 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5323 =item More precise warnings
5325 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5327 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5329 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5331 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5333 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5335 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5337 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5339 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5341 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5343 =item Changes to tainting checks
5345 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5346 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5348 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5350 =item Embedding improvements
5352 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5354 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5356 =item New and changed syntax
5360 =item New and changed builtin constants
5364 =item New and changed builtin variables
5368 =item New and changed builtin functions
5370 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5371 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5372 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5373 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5374 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5376 =item New builtin methods
5378 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5380 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5382 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5383 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5385 =item Malloc enhancements
5387 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5389 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5393 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5409 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5410 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5416 =item Required Updates
5418 =item Installation directories
5420 =item Module information summary
5434 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5438 =item Utility Changes
5444 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5448 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5452 =item C Language API Changes
5454 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5457 =item Documentation Changes
5459 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5460 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5462 =item New Diagnostics
5464 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5465 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5466 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5467 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5468 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5469 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5470 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5471 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5472 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5473 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5474 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5475 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5476 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5477 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5478 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5479 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5480 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5481 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Too late for
5482 "B<-T>" option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist,
5483 Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to
5484 mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with
5485 defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay
5486 shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in
5487 prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX,
5488 PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5498 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS (possibly very outdated information)
5514 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5516 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5518 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5520 fork(), some features of the UNIX filesystem regarding link count and file
5521 dates, inplace operation (the -i switch) without backup file, umask()
5522 works, but the correct permissions are only set when the file is
5529 =item Accessing documentation
5537 =item B<GNU> C<info> files
5549 =item Getting the perl source
5555 =item Installing the built perl
5565 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5575 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5577 =item Cygwin Configuration
5579 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5587 =item Strip Binaries
5589 =item Optional Libraries
5591 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5592 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5594 =item Configure-time Options
5596 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5597 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5599 =item Suspicious Warnings
5601 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Checking how std your stdio is..,
5602 Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5620 =item File Permissions
5624 =item Filetime Granularity
5626 =item Tainting Checks
5630 =item Script Portability
5632 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5640 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5641 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5651 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
5665 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
5681 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
5690 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
5700 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
5702 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
5704 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
5706 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5712 =item GDBM and Threads
5714 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5716 =item perl -P and //
5726 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
5735 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
5737 =item Failures during C<make test>
5739 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
5741 =item Building external modules
5751 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
5767 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
5769 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
5771 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
5777 =item Frequently asked questions
5781 =item I cannot run external programs
5783 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
5786 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
5789 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
5791 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
5799 =item Automatic binary installation
5801 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
5803 =item Manual binary installation
5805 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
5806 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
5807 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
5808 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
5809 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
5815 =item Accessing documentation
5819 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
5827 =item GNU C<info> files
5841 =item Getting perl source
5843 =item Application of the patches
5851 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
5852 F<lib/io_pipe.t>, F<lib/io_sock.t>, F<op/stat.t>, F<lib/io_udp.t>
5854 =item Installing the built perl
5856 =item C<a.out>-style build
5864 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
5866 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
5868 =item Problems with tr or sed
5870 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
5872 =item Library ... not found
5874 =item Segfault in make
5876 =item op/sprintf test failure
5880 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
5884 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
5888 =item C<extproc> on the first line
5890 =item Additional modules:
5892 =item Prebuilt methods:
5894 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
5895 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
5896 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
5897 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
5898 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
5899 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>
5905 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<flock>
5919 =item F<perl___.exe>
5921 =item Why strange names?
5923 =item Why dynamic linking?
5925 =item Why chimera build?
5927 explicit fork(), open FH, "|-", open FH, "-|"
5935 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
5937 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
5939 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
5941 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
5943 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
5945 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
5955 =item DLL name mangling
5959 =item Calls to external programs
5961 =item Memory allocation
5965 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
5979 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
5991 =item Setup and utilities
5995 =item Build, test, install
6017 =head2 perlposix-bc, README.posix-bc - building and installing Perl for
6058 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6066 =item Organization of Perl Images
6072 =item Perl Extensions
6074 =item Installing static extensions
6076 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6080 =item File specifications
6086 =item Wildcard expansion
6092 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6098 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6100 =item Command line switches
6106 =item Perl functions
6108 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6109 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6110 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6111 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6113 =item Perl variables
6115 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $|
6117 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6131 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
6143 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC
6153 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
6154 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
6155 Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things
6159 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
6169 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6171 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6183 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6193 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6203 =item Built-in Attributes
6205 locked, method, lvalue
6207 =item Available Subroutines
6211 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6213 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6215 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6223 =item Default exports
6225 =item Available exports
6227 =item Export tags defined
6237 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6249 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6265 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6279 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6293 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6306 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6315 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6321 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
6331 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
6341 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
6352 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
6354 =item The I<splain> Program
6368 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
6382 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
6392 =item subpragma access
6398 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to compute arithmetic in integer instead of
6409 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
6419 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
6429 =item Adding directories to @INC
6431 =item Deleting directories from @INC
6433 =item Restoring original @INC
6443 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
6454 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
6462 =item UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY
6468 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
6480 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
6490 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
6492 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
6494 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
6496 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
6498 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
6500 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
6502 =item Overloadable Operations
6504 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
6505 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
6506 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
6508 =item Inheritance and overloading
6510 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
6511 is inherited by derived classes
6515 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
6523 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
6525 =item Copy Constructor
6531 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
6533 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
6534 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
6535 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
6538 =item Losing overloading
6540 =item Run-time Overloading
6542 =item Public functions
6544 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
6546 =item Overloading constants
6548 integer, float, binary, q, qr
6550 =item IMPLEMENTATION
6552 =item Metaphor clash
6558 =item Two-face scalars
6560 =item Two-face references
6562 =item Symbolic calculator
6564 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
6572 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
6573 type, `%s' is not a code reference
6579 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6589 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
6601 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
6603 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
6607 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
6611 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
6619 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
6627 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
6631 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
6641 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code
6653 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
6663 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
6671 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
6672 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
6673 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
6674 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
6675 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
6679 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
6681 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
6683 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
6693 =item DBM Comparisons
6703 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
6713 =item Subroutine Stubs
6715 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6717 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6719 =item Package Lexicals
6721 =item Not Using AutoLoader
6723 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
6733 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
6741 $keep, $check, $modtime
6745 =item Multiple packages
6753 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
6761 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
6765 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
6773 IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv
6787 =item B::PVMG METHODS
6791 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
6793 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
6795 =item B::PVLV METHODS
6797 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
6801 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
6805 is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE,
6806 FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
6810 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
6811 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
6815 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
6819 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
6824 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
6826 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
6830 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
6832 =item B::UNOP METHOD
6836 =item B::BINOP METHOD
6840 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
6844 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
6848 =item B::PMOP METHODS
6850 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
6852 =item B::SVOP METHOD
6856 =item B::PADOP METHOD
6860 =item B::PVOP METHOD
6864 =item B::LOOP METHODS
6866 redoop, nextop, lastop
6868 =item B::COP METHODS
6870 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
6874 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
6876 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
6877 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
6878 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM),
6879 hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
6885 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
6898 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
6910 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
6922 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
6932 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
6933 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
6934 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> Stores package in the
6945 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
6955 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
6956 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
6966 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
6976 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
6977 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
6978 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
6990 =item Context of ".."
6994 =item Deprecated features
7002 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7014 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7024 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I<PACKAGE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7025 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>
7027 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7047 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7059 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7067 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7069 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7070 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7072 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7082 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7092 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7098 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7110 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7122 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7124 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7136 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7146 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7154 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7166 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7180 =item Standard Exports
7182 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7183 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7184 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7186 =item Optional Exports
7188 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7189 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7190 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7206 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7210 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7224 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7234 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7235 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7236 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> Stores package in the
7247 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
7259 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
7261 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
7263 1. Use another name for the argument, if one is available. For example,
7264 -value is an alias for -values, 2. Change the capitalization, e.g. -Values,
7265 3. Put quotes around the argument name, e.g. '-values'
7267 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
7269 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
7271 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
7273 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
7275 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
7277 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
7279 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
7281 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
7283 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
7285 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
7287 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
7289 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
7291 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
7293 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
7295 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
7297 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
7298 B<:standard>, B<:all>
7302 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls,
7303 -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles
7305 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
7307 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
7308 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
7313 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
7317 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
7319 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
7321 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
7323 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
7325 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
7327 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
7329 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
7331 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
7334 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
7338 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
7342 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
7344 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
7346 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
7348 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
7350 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
7352 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
7353 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
7355 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
7359 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
7363 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
7365 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
7367 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
7369 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
7373 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
7375 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
7377 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
7381 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
7383 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
7387 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
7391 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
7395 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
7399 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
7403 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
7405 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
7407 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
7411 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
7413 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
7414 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
7416 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
7422 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
7423 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
7425 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
7427 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
7428 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
7431 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
7437 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
7441 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
7443 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
7444 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
7445 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
7446 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_software ()>,
7447 B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>, B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>,
7448 B<http()>, B<https()>
7450 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
7452 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
7453 parameters in the B<header()> and B<redirect()> statements:
7457 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end()
7459 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
7461 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
7462 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
7464 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
7466 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7470 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
7471 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
7472 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
7473 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
7474 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
7475 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
7476 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
7477 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
7478 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
7479 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
7480 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
7481 ...and many many more..
7483 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
7491 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
7501 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7509 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
7518 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
7520 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
7524 =item Changing the default message
7528 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
7538 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
7546 =item USING CGI::Cookie
7548 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
7552 =item Creating New Cookies
7554 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
7556 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
7558 =item Manipulating Cookies
7560 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
7564 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7572 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
7580 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
7582 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
7584 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
7586 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
7590 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7598 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
7608 =item Tags that won't be formatted
7610 =item Customizing the Indenting
7622 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
7630 =item USING CGI::Push
7632 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires
7636 =item Heterogeneous Pages
7638 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
7642 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
7644 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7652 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
7662 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7670 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
7680 =item Interactive Mode
7682 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
7683 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
7684 distribution, Signals
7692 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
7694 =item Programmer's interface
7696 expand($type,@things), Programming Examples
7698 =item Methods in the four Classes
7706 =item Finding packages and VERSION
7710 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
7716 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
7717 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
7718 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
7719 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
7723 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
7725 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
7733 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
7735 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
7739 =item Three basic types of firewalls
7741 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
7743 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
7749 I installed a new version of module X but CPAN keeps saying, I have
7750 the old version installed, So why is UNINST=1 not the default?, When I
7751 install bundles or multiple modules with one command there is too
7752 much output to keep track of, I am not root, how can I install a module in
7753 a personal directory?, How to get a package, unwrap it, and make a change
7754 before building it?, I installed a Bundle and had a couple of fails. When I
7755 retried, everything resolved nicely. Can this be fixed to work on
7766 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
7776 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
7789 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
7799 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
7807 =head2 Carp::Heavy - Carp guts
7817 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
7827 =item The C<struct()> function
7829 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
7831 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
7832 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
7834 =item Initializing with C<new>
7840 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
7842 =item Author and Modification History
7846 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
7854 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
7866 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
7870 C<afs>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>, C<api_revision>,
7871 C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>, C<ar>, C<archlib>,
7872 C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>, C<awk>
7876 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
7877 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
7881 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
7882 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
7883 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
7884 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>
7888 C<CONFIGDOTSH>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>, C<cpp_stuff>,
7889 C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>, C<cpprun>,
7890 C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crosscompile>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
7894 C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>, C<d_atolf>,
7895 C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bincompat5005>,
7896 C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>,
7897 C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>,
7898 C<d_closedir>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>,
7899 C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>,
7900 C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>,
7901 C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>,
7902 C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
7903 C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>,
7904 C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>,
7905 C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>,
7906 C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>,
7907 C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>,
7908 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
7909 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>,
7910 C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>,
7911 C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>,
7912 C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>,
7913 C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>,
7914 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>,
7915 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
7916 C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
7917 C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>,
7918 C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>,
7919 C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>,
7920 C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>,
7921 C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>,
7922 C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>,
7923 C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>,
7924 C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
7925 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>,
7926 C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
7927 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
7928 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
7929 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
7930 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
7931 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>,
7932 C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>,
7933 C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>,
7934 C<d_readlink>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
7935 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
7936 C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>,
7937 C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>,
7938 C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>,
7939 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>,
7940 C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>,
7941 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
7942 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>,
7943 C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>,
7944 C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigsetjmp>,
7945 C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
7946 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
7947 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>,
7948 C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>,
7949 C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>,
7950 C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
7951 C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>,
7952 C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
7953 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>,
7954 C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
7955 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
7956 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
7957 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
7958 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>,
7959 C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
7963 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
7964 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
7968 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
7969 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>, C<full_sed>
7973 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
7974 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
7978 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
7982 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
7983 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
7984 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
7985 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_libutil>,
7986 C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>,
7987 C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
7988 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
7989 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
7990 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
7991 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
7992 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
7993 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
7994 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
7995 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
7996 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
7997 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
7998 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
7999 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8000 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8001 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8002 C<installscripts>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
8003 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
8004 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
8005 C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
8009 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8013 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8014 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8015 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8016 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8017 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8018 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8022 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8023 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8024 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8028 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8029 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8033 C<n>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>, C<netdb_name_type>,
8034 C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>, C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>,
8035 C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>,
8036 C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8040 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8041 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8045 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8050 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8051 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8052 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8053 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8057 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8061 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8062 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<runnm>
8066 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8067 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8068 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8069 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<signal_t>,
8070 C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>,
8071 C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>,
8072 C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>,
8073 C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>,
8074 C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>,
8075 C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>,
8076 C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
8077 C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
8078 C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
8079 C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8083 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>, C<timetype>,
8084 C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8088 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8089 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8090 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8091 C<use64bitint>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>,
8092 C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>,
8093 C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usesfio>,
8094 C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>,
8095 C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>,
8096 C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8100 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8101 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8102 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8106 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8118 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
8128 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8140 =item Global Variables
8142 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8143 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8148 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8149 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8151 =item Client Callback Methods
8153 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8154 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8155 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8165 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
8173 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
8177 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
8179 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
8181 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
8183 =item Default Parameters
8185 =item In Memory Databases
8193 =item A Simple Example
8201 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
8203 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
8205 =item The get_dup() Method
8207 =item The find_dup() Method
8209 =item The del_dup() Method
8211 =item Matching Partial Keys
8219 =item The 'bval' Option
8221 =item A Simple Example
8223 =item Extra RECNO Methods
8225 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
8226 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
8228 =item Another Example
8232 =item THE API INTERFACE
8234 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
8235 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
8236 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
8237 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
8241 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
8242 B<filter_fetch_value>
8248 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
8250 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
8254 =item HINTS AND TIPS
8258 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
8260 =item Safe ways to lock a database
8262 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
8264 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
8266 =item The untie() Gotcha
8270 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
8274 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
8276 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
8278 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
8280 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
8300 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
8301 printing and C<eval>
8313 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
8314 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
8315 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
8322 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
8324 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8325 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8326 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8327 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8328 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8329 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8330 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8331 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8332 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8333 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8334 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8335 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
8355 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
8363 =item PROFILE FORMAT
8375 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
8387 =item A simple scalar string
8389 =item A simple scalar number
8391 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
8393 =item A reference to a simple scalar
8395 =item A reference to an array
8397 =item A reference to a hash
8399 =item Dumping a large array or hash
8401 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
8403 =item A reference to a subroutine
8417 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
8427 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
8437 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
8449 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
8450 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
8451 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
8456 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
8457 veryCompact, set, get
8463 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
8471 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
8472 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
8473 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
8474 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
8481 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
8494 =head2 Encode - character encodings
8504 =item chars With Encoding
8506 =item Testing For UTF-8
8508 =item Toggling UTF-8-ness
8510 =item UTF-16 and UTF-32 Encodings
8512 =item Handling Malformed Data
8516 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
8529 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
8544 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
8560 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
8572 =item Selecting What To Export
8574 =item Specialised Import Lists
8576 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
8578 =item Module Version Checking
8580 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
8582 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
8588 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
8598 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
8619 mv source... destination
8621 cp source... destination
8639 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
8651 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
8652 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
8662 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
8672 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
8684 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
8685 packlist(), version()
8693 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
8701 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
8707 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
8717 =item VMS implementation
8719 =item Win32 implementation
8727 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
8736 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
8740 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
8751 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
8763 =item Preloaded methods
8783 =item SelfLoaded methods
8829 file_name_is_absolute
8835 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
8875 maybe_command_in_dirs
8913 replace_manpage_separator
8927 test_via_harness (o)
8957 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
8968 =item Methods always loaded
8980 =item SelfLoaded methods
8982 guess_name (override)
8986 find_perl (override)
8990 maybe_command (override)
8992 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
8994 perl_script (override)
8996 file_name_is_absolute (override)
8998 replace_manpage_separator
9000 init_others (override)
9002 constants (override)
9006 const_cccmd (override)
9008 pm_to_blib (override)
9010 tool_autosplit (override)
9012 tool_sxubpp (override)
9014 xsubpp_version (override)
9016 tools_other (override)
9026 top_targets (override)
9030 dynamic_lib (override)
9032 dynamic_bs (override)
9034 static_lib (override)
9036 manifypods (override)
9038 processPL (override)
9040 installbin (override)
9046 realclean (override)
9048 dist_basics (override)
9050 dist_core (override)
9054 dist_test (override)
9058 perldepend (override)
9064 test_via_harness (override)
9066 test_via_script (override)
9068 makeaperl (override)
9072 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9099 test_via_harness (o)
9101 tool_autosplit (override)
9119 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
9129 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
9131 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
9139 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
9143 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
9145 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
9147 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
9149 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
9151 AUTHOR, ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
9152 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
9153 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
9154 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
9155 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
9156 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
9157 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
9158 INST_EXE, INST_LIB, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_MAN1DIR,
9159 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, PERL_MALLOC_OK, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS,
9160 LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB,
9161 NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL,
9162 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES,
9163 PM, PMLIBDIRS, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX,
9164 PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG,
9167 =item Additional lowercase attributes
9169 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
9172 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
9174 =item Hintsfile support
9176 =item Distribution Support
9178 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
9179 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
9180 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
9182 =item Disabling an extension
9196 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
9208 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
9212 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
9213 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
9221 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
9233 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
9243 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
9252 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
9260 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
9272 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
9280 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
9290 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
9302 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
9312 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
9316 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
9324 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
9328 C<basename>, C<dirname>
9332 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
9342 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
9356 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
9366 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
9368 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
9378 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
9386 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
9398 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
9406 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
9407 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>,
9408 C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
9414 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
9422 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>, C<GLOB_NOSORT>,
9423 C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>, C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>
9427 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
9435 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
9447 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
9461 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
9479 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
9507 file_name_is_absolute
9527 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
9537 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
9569 file_name_is_absolute
9591 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
9607 =item Methods always loaded
9609 canonpath (override)
9627 case_tolerant (override)
9631 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9633 splitpath (override)
9649 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
9679 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
9703 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
9717 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
9727 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
9735 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
9743 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
9745 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
9763 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
9777 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
9789 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
9797 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
9803 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
9811 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
9821 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
9837 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
9845 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
9847 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
9851 =item Simple options
9853 =item A little bit less simple options
9855 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
9857 =item Options with values
9859 =item Options with multiple values
9861 =item Options with hash values
9863 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
9865 =item Options with multiple names
9867 =item Case and abbreviations
9869 =item Summary of Option Specifications
9871 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
9875 =item Advanced Possibilities
9879 =item Object oriented interface
9881 =item Documentation and help texts
9883 =item Storing options in a hash
9887 =item The lonesome dash
9889 =item Argument call-back
9893 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
9895 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
9896 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
9897 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
9898 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
9899 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
9901 =item Return values and Errors
9907 =item Default destinations
9909 =item Alternative option starters
9911 =item Configuration variables
9915 =item Trouble Shooting
9919 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
9921 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
9928 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
9932 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
9943 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
9954 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
9964 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
9972 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
9973 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
9983 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
9993 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
9997 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10005 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
10015 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10019 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10020 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10021 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10022 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10034 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10044 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10048 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10058 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10068 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10069 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10079 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
10093 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
10103 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10107 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10108 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10109 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10119 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
10133 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]),
10134 sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
10144 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
10160 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10173 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
10187 hostpath(), peerpath()
10197 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
10206 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10207 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10217 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10227 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10231 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10239 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
10250 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10254 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10255 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10256 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10257 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10269 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10279 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10283 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10293 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10303 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10304 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10314 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
10329 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
10340 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10344 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10345 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10346 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10356 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
10371 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]),
10372 sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
10382 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
10383 AF_INET domain sockets
10399 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10412 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
10413 AF_UNIX domain sockets
10427 hostpath(), peerpath()
10437 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
10447 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
10448 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
10459 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
10473 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
10486 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
10496 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
10497 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
10498 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
10509 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
10527 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
10537 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
10538 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
10549 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
10560 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
10561 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
10562 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
10573 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
10581 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is
10590 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
10598 Canonical notation, Input, Output
10602 =item Autocreating constants
10610 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
10623 =item STRINGIFICATION
10627 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
10633 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
10635 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
10643 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
10651 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
10657 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
10659 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
10663 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
10665 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
10669 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
10671 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
10673 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
10674 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
10678 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES
10688 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
10694 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
10700 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
10704 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
10708 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
10720 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
10721 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
10731 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
10748 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
10765 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
10780 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
10797 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
10807 =item IMPLEMENTATION
10813 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
10819 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
10825 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
10829 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
10833 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
10845 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
10847 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
10848 or optag, an operator set (opset)
10850 =item Opcode Functions
10852 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
10853 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
10854 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
10857 =item Manipulating Opsets
10859 =item TO DO (maybe)
10865 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
10867 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
10868 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
10869 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
10878 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
10887 a new namespace, an operator mask
10893 =item RECENT CHANGES
10895 =item Methods in class Safe
10897 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
10898 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
10899 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
10900 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
10902 =item Some Safety Issues
10904 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
10912 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
10925 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
10939 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
10940 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
10941 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
10942 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
10943 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
10944 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
10945 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
10946 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
10947 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
10948 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
10949 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
10950 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
10951 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
10952 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
10953 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
10954 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
10955 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
10956 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
10957 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
10958 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
10959 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
10960 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
10961 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
10962 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
10963 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
10970 =item POSIX::SigAction
10974 =item POSIX::SigSet
10976 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
10978 =item POSIX::Termios
10980 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
10981 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
10982 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
10983 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
10984 values, c_oflag field values
10988 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
10992 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
10996 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
11054 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
11060 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
11066 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
11078 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
11079 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
11080 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
11081 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
11082 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
11083 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
11084 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
11085 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
11090 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
11091 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, No numeric
11092 argument for =over, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item
11093 paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one> vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped
11094 C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument
11095 for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME
11100 collapsing newlines to blanks, ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in
11101 link, (section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains
11114 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
11116 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
11119 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
11121 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
11123 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
11125 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
11127 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
11135 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
11147 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
11149 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
11156 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
11162 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
11164 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
11171 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
11183 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
11193 backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile,
11194 libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title,
11209 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
11222 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
11223 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
11229 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
11253 =item B<was_cutting()>
11259 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
11265 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
11271 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
11277 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
11283 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11289 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
11295 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
11301 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
11307 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
11313 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
11319 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
11325 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
11331 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
11337 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
11343 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
11349 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11355 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
11361 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
11367 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
11373 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
11379 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
11385 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
11391 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
11397 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
11403 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
11409 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
11415 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
11421 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11427 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
11439 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
11451 =item OBJECT METHODS
11459 =item Data Accessors
11475 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
11477 B<StartWithNewPage>
11491 =item Subclassed methods
11505 B<interior_sequence>
11521 =item Methods for headings
11529 =item Internal methods
11535 B<_replace_special_chars>
11541 B<_clean_latex_commands>
11557 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
11565 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
11570 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
11571 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape
11572 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on
11573 line %d, Unmatched =back
11583 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
11597 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
11605 $list-E<gt>indent()
11613 $list-E<gt>parent()
11619 =item Pod::Hyperlink
11621 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
11625 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
11627 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
11631 $link-E<gt>warning()
11633 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
11639 $link-E<gt>alttext()
11649 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
11655 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
11659 =item Pod::Cache::Item
11661 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
11665 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
11667 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
11669 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
11671 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
11673 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
11675 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
11677 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
11687 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
11699 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
11701 =item PARSING OPTIONS
11703 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
11704 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
11710 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
11718 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
11724 =item B<verbatim()>
11726 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
11732 =item B<textblock()>
11734 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
11740 =item B<interior_sequence()>
11746 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
11758 =item B<initialize()>
11764 =item B<begin_pod()>
11770 =item B<begin_input()>
11776 =item B<end_input()>
11788 =item B<preprocess_line()>
11794 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
11800 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
11806 =item B<parse_text()>
11808 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
11809 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
11810 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
11816 =item B<interpolate()>
11822 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
11828 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
11834 =item B<parse_from_file()>
11840 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
11846 =item B<errorsub()>
11858 =item B<parseopts()>
11864 =item B<output_file()>
11870 =item B<output_handle()>
11876 =item B<input_file()>
11882 =item B<input_handle()>
11888 =item B<input_streams()>
11894 =item B<top_stream()>
11900 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
11906 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
11912 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
11918 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
11926 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
11946 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
11959 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
11961 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
11967 =item OBJECT METHODS
11973 =item B<curr_headings()>
11985 =item B<add_selection()>
11991 =item B<clear_selections()>
11997 =item B<match_section()>
12003 =item B<is_selected()>
12009 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
12015 =item B<podselect()>
12017 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
12023 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12029 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
12035 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
12041 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
12053 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
12061 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
12065 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
12066 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
12067 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
12079 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
12095 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
12096 text with format escapes
12110 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
12119 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
12128 =item Recommended Use
12136 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
12140 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
12148 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12154 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12158 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12162 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
12170 a new namespace, an operator mask
12176 =item RECENT CHANGES
12178 =item Methods in class Safe
12180 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
12181 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
12182 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
12183 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
12185 =item Some Safety Issues
12187 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
12195 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
12205 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
12215 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
12225 =item The __DATA__ token
12227 =item SelfLoader autoloading
12229 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
12231 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
12233 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
12235 =item Classes and inherited methods.
12239 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
12243 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
12253 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
12261 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
12262 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
12270 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
12271 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
12272 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
12273 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
12274 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
12278 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
12288 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
12292 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
12294 =item ERROR REPORTING
12302 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
12307 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
12308 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
12332 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
12342 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
12354 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
12355 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
12363 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
12364 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
12375 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
12376 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
12384 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
12385 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
12396 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
12406 Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
12407 comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
12418 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
12430 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
12438 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
12448 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
12449 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
12457 =item Minimal set of supported functions
12459 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
12460 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
12462 =item Additional supported functions
12464 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
12472 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
12482 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
12494 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
12504 =item The test script output
12512 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
12513 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
12514 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
12527 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
12539 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
12550 0 a simple word, 1 multiple spaces are skipped because of our $delim, 2 use
12551 of quotes to include a space in a word, 3 use of a backslash to include a
12552 space in a word, 4 use of a backslash to remove the special meaning of a
12553 double-quote, 5 another simple word (note the lack of effect of the
12554 backslashed double-quote)
12560 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
12577 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
12592 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
12606 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
12617 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
12618 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
12619 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
12623 join, eval, detach, equal, tid
12631 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
12639 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
12641 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
12647 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
12655 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
12657 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
12661 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
12673 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
12683 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
12691 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
12692 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
12693 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
12694 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
12702 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
12711 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
12712 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
12713 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
12714 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
12716 =item MORE INFORMATION
12720 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
12728 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
12729 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
12733 =item MORE INFORMATION
12737 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
12755 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
12764 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
12766 =item MORE INFORMATION
12770 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
12782 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
12790 =item IMPLEMENTATION
12796 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
12811 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
12826 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
12838 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
12846 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
12847 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
12851 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
12866 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
12877 =item System Specifics
12891 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
12899 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
12901 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
12902 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
12903 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
12904 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
12905 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
12906 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
12907 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
12908 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
12909 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown(MACHINE,
12910 MESSAGE, TIMEOUT, FORCECLOSE, REBOOT), Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(),
12911 Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME), Win32::LoginName(),
12912 Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, SIDTYPE),
12913 Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
12914 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
12915 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
12916 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
12917 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
12923 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
12935 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
12937 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
12938 don't all have manual pages yet:
12964 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles