4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Platform-Specific
56 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
66 =item Running Perl programs
68 =item Basic syntax overview
70 =item Perl variable types
72 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
74 =item Variable scoping
76 =item Conditional and looping constructs
78 if, while, for, foreach
80 =item Builtin operators and functions
82 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
87 =item Regular expressions
89 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
90 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
92 =item Writing subroutines
96 =item Using Perl modules
104 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2001/11/19
113 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
115 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
117 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
121 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
123 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
125 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
127 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
129 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
131 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
135 =item About the perlfaq documents
139 =item Where to get the perlfaq
141 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
143 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
150 =item Author and Copyright Information
154 =item Bundled Distributions
162 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
163 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
164 Initial Release: 11/March/97
168 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
176 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
186 =item Simple statements
188 =item Compound statements
196 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
200 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
202 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
208 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
222 =item Scalar value constructors
224 =item List value constructors
228 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
236 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
246 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
248 =item The Arrow Operator
250 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
254 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
256 =item Binding Operators
258 =item Multiplicative Operators
260 =item Additive Operators
262 =item Shift Operators
264 =item Named Unary Operators
266 =item Relational Operators
268 =item Equality Operators
272 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
274 =item C-style Logical And
276 =item C-style Logical Or
278 =item Range Operators
280 =item Conditional Operator
282 =item Assignment Operators
286 =item List Operators (Rightward)
292 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
294 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
296 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
298 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
300 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
302 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
303 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
304 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
305 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
307 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
309 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
310 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
311 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
312 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
317 =item Constant Folding
319 =item Bitwise String Operators
321 =item Integer Arithmetic
323 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
331 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
341 =item Private Variables via my()
343 =item Persistent Private Variables
345 =item Temporary Values via local()
347 =item Lvalue subroutines
349 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
351 =item When to Still Use local()
353 =item Pass by Reference
357 =item Constant Functions
359 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
363 =item Subroutine Attributes
371 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
379 =item Perl Functions by Category
381 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
382 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
383 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
384 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
385 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
386 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
387 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
388 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
389 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
390 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
395 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
397 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
398 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
399 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
400 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
401 chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr
402 NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir
403 DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt
404 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR,
405 defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR,
406 dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
407 BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
408 fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
409 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
410 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
411 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
412 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
413 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
414 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
415 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
416 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
417 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
418 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
419 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
420 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
421 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
422 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc,
423 lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
424 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log,
425 lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK,
426 mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
427 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES,
428 next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
429 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,
430 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRIBUTES,
431 pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
432 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
433 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
434 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
435 qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
436 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
437 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
438 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
439 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
440 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
441 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
442 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
443 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
444 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
445 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
446 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
447 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
448 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
449 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
450 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
451 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
452 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
453 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
454 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
455 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
456 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
457 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
458 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
459 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
460 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
461 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
462 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
463 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
464 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
465 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
466 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
467 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
468 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
469 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
475 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
481 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
489 =item Making References
491 =item Using References
509 =item Distribution Conditions
515 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
521 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
522 more elaborate constructs
526 =item COMMON MISTAKES
528 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
530 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
536 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
540 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
542 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
544 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
548 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
552 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
554 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
556 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
560 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
564 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
566 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
568 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
572 =item HASHES OF HASHES
576 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
578 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
580 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
584 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
588 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
590 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
592 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
604 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
614 =item Simple word matching
616 =item Using character classes
618 =item Matching this or that
620 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
622 =item Extracting matches
624 =item Matching repetitions
628 =item Search and replace
630 =item The split operator
638 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
642 =item Acknowledgments
648 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
656 =item Ordinary Paragraph
658 =item Verbatim Paragraph
660 =item Command Paragraph
662 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
663 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
664 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
665 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
667 =item Formatting Codes
669 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
670 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
671 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
672 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
673 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
674 (zero-effect) formatting code
678 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
680 =item Hints for Writing Pod
690 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
697 =item Pod Definitions
701 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
702 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
704 =item Pod Formatting Codes
706 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
707 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
708 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
709 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
710 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
711 contains non-breaking spaces
713 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
715 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
717 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
719 =item About =over...=back Regions
721 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
729 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
737 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
755 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
757 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
758 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
759 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
760 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
762 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
764 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
765 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
766 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
770 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
772 =item Numerical Traps
774 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
776 =item General data type traps
778 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
779 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
781 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
783 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
785 =item Precedence Traps
787 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
790 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
792 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
793 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
796 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
798 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
804 =item Interpolation Traps
806 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
807 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
813 =item Unclassified Traps
815 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
822 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
832 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
834 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
836 =item Location of Perl
838 =item Command Switches
840 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
841 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
842 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
843 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
844 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
845 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
852 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
853 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
854 PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to
859 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
867 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
875 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
877 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
879 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
883 =item Backward Compatibility
885 =item Category Hierarchy
889 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
901 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
909 =item Looking at data and -w and w
913 =item Stepping through code
915 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
917 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
935 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
941 =item The Perl Debugger
945 =item Debugger Commands
947 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
948 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
949 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
950 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
951 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
952 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
953 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
954 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
955 cmd, @ file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man
958 =item Configurable Options
960 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
961 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
962 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
963 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
964 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
965 C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
967 =item Debugger input/output
969 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
972 =item Debugging compile-time statements
974 =item Debugger Customization
976 =item Readline Support
978 =item Editor Support for Debugging
980 =item The Perl Profiler
984 =item Debugging regular expressions
986 =item Debugging memory usage
994 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1002 =item Predefined Names
1004 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1005 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1006 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1007 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1008 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1009 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1010 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1011 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1012 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1013 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1014 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1015 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1016 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1017 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1018 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1019 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1020 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1021 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1022 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1023 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1024 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1025 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1026 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1027 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1028 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1029 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1030 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1031 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1032 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1033 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1035 =item Error Indicators
1037 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1045 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1053 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1055 =item Growing Your Own
1057 =item Access and Printing
1069 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1075 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1083 =item The Minus File
1085 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1091 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1095 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1099 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1103 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1105 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1107 =item Paths as Opens
1109 =item Single Argument Open
1111 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1115 =item Other I/O Issues
1119 =item Opening Non-File Files
1129 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1135 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1141 =item The Basic Principle
1145 =item Packing Numbers
1151 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1153 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1155 =item Floating point Numbers
1159 =item Exotic Templates
1173 =item Lengths and Widths
1177 =item String Lengths
1179 =item Dynamic Templates
1181 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1185 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1189 =item The Alignment Pit
1191 =item Alignment, Take 2
1193 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1203 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1209 =item Part 1: The basics
1213 =item Simple word matching
1215 =item Using character classes
1217 =item Matching this or that
1219 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1221 =item Extracting matches
1223 =item Matching repetitions
1225 =item Building a regexp
1227 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1231 =item Part 2: Power tools
1235 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1237 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1239 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1241 =item Non-capturing groupings
1243 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1245 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1247 =item Conditional expressions
1249 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1251 =item Pragmas and debugging
1259 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1263 =item Acknowledgments
1269 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1279 =item Regular Expressions
1281 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1283 =item Extended Patterns
1285 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1286 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1287 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1288 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1292 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1294 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1296 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1298 =item Combining pieces together
1300 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1301 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1302 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1303 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1305 =item Creating custom RE engines
1315 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1325 =item Making References
1327 =item Using References
1329 =item Symbolic references
1331 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1333 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1335 =item Function Templates
1345 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1353 =item Format Variables
1363 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1371 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1379 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1381 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1383 =item Invoking a barnyard
1385 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1387 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1389 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1391 =item A few notes about @ISA
1393 =item Overriding the methods
1395 =item Starting the search from a different place
1397 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1399 =item Where we're at so far...
1401 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1403 =item Invoking an instance method
1405 =item Accessing the instance data
1407 =item How to build a horse
1409 =item Inheriting the constructor
1411 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1413 =item Adding parameters to a method
1415 =item More interesting instances
1417 =item A horse of a different color
1429 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1435 =item Creating a Class
1439 =item Object Representation
1441 =item Class Interface
1443 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1445 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1449 =item Other Object Methods
1457 =item Accessing Class Data
1459 =item Debugging Methods
1461 =item Class Destructors
1463 =item Documenting the Interface
1473 =item Overridden Methods
1475 =item Multiple Inheritance
1477 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1481 =item Alternate Object Representations
1485 =item Arrays as Objects
1487 =item Closures as Objects
1491 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1495 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1497 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1501 =item Metaclassical Tools
1507 =item Data Members as Variables
1515 =item Object Terminology
1521 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1527 =item Acknowledgments
1533 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1539 =item Class Data in a Can
1541 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1545 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1547 =item Inheritance Concerns
1549 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1551 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1553 =item Monadic Classes
1555 =item Translucent Attributes
1559 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1563 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1565 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1567 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1569 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1571 =item Translucency Revisited
1579 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1581 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1587 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1595 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1597 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1599 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1601 =item Method Invocation
1603 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1605 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1607 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1613 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1621 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1627 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1629 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1631 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1633 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1635 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1637 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1639 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1641 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1643 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1645 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1651 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1663 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1668 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1669 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1670 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1671 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1676 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1677 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1678 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1680 =item Tying FileHandles
1682 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1683 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1688 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1700 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1701 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1717 =item Using open() for IPC
1723 =item Background Processes
1725 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1727 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1729 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1731 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1735 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1739 =item Internet Line Terminators
1741 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1743 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1747 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1751 =item A Simple Client
1753 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1755 =item A Webget Client
1757 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1761 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1763 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1765 =item UDP: Message Passing
1779 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1789 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1791 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1792 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1793 files, directories and network sockets
1795 =item Resource limits
1797 =item Killing the parent process
1799 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1801 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1803 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1804 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1805 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1817 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1825 =item Storing numbers
1827 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1829 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1831 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1832 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1833 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1842 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1850 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1856 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1858 =item Threaded Program Models
1870 =item Native threads
1872 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1874 =item Threadsafe Modules
1880 =item Basic Thread Support
1882 =item Creating Threads
1884 =item Giving up control
1886 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1888 =item Errors In Threads
1890 =item Ignoring A Thread
1894 =item Threads And Data
1898 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1900 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1902 =item Controlling access: lock()
1904 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1906 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1910 =item Threads And Code
1914 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1916 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1918 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1920 =item Subroutine Locks
1924 =item Locking A Subroutine
1928 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1932 =item What Thread Am I In?
1936 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1938 =item What Threads Are Running?
1942 =item A Complete Example
1950 =item Introductory Texts
1952 =item OS-Related References
1954 =item Other References
1958 =item Acknowledgements
1966 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1972 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1981 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1983 =item Files and Filesystems
1985 =item System Interaction
1987 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1989 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1991 =item Standard Modules
1995 =item Character sets and character encoding
1997 =item Internationalisation
1999 =item System Resources
2009 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2010 http://testers.cpan.org/
2018 =item DOS and Derivatives
2026 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2034 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2038 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2040 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2041 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2042 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2043 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2044 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2045 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2046 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2047 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2048 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
2049 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
2050 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
2051 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
2052 kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
2053 lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
2054 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
2055 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
2056 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
2057 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2058 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2059 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2060 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2061 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2062 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2063 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2064 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2065 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2071 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2072 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2073 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2074 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2075 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2076 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2078 =item Supported Platforms
2082 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2088 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2095 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2101 =item The use locale pragma
2103 =item The setlocale function
2105 =item Finding locales
2107 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2109 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2111 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2113 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2115 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2117 =item The localeconv function
2119 =item I18N::Langinfo
2123 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2127 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2129 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2131 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2133 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2137 =item Other categories
2145 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2146 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2152 =item Backward compatibility
2154 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2156 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2158 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2160 =item Freely available locale definitions
2164 =item An imperfect standard
2172 =item Broken systems
2182 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2192 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2194 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2196 =item Creating Unicode
2198 =item Handling Unicode
2200 =item Legacy Encodings
2206 =item Advanced Topics
2210 =item Questions With Answers
2212 Will My Old Scripts Break?, How Do I Make My Scripts Work With Unicode?,
2213 How Do I Know Whether My String Is In Unicode?, How Do I Detect Invalid
2214 UTF-8?, How Do I Convert Data Into UTF-8? Or Vice Versa?, How Do I Display
2215 Unicode? How Do I Input Unicode?, How Does Unicode Work With Traditional
2218 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2220 =item Further Resources
2224 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2228 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
2230 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2234 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2242 =item Important Caveats
2244 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2245 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2247 =item Byte and Character semantics
2249 =item Effects of character semantics
2255 =item Character encodings for input and output
2261 =item UNICODE REGULAR EXPRESSION SUPPORT LEVEL
2265 =item Unicode Encodings
2267 UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-16BE, UTF16-LE, Surrogates, and BOMs (Byte Order Marks),
2268 UTF-32, UTF-32BE, UTF32-LE, UCS-2, UCS-4, UTF-7
2270 =item Security Implications of Malformed UTF-8
2272 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2280 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2286 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2294 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2298 =item 13 variant characters
2306 =item Unicode and UTF
2310 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2312 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2314 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2328 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2330 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2332 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2334 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2342 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2344 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2346 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2348 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2352 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2356 =item URL decoding and encoding
2358 =item uu encoding and decoding
2360 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2362 =item Caesarian ciphers
2366 =item Hashing order and checksums
2370 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2382 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2402 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2410 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2412 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2414 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2418 =item Protecting Your Programs
2426 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2438 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2444 =item Making your module threadsafe
2452 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2462 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2463 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2477 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2483 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2487 =item Pragmatic Modules
2489 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2490 diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops,
2491 overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, utf8, vars, vmsish,
2492 warnings, warnings::register
2494 =item Standard Modules
2496 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2497 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2498 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2499 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2500 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2501 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2502 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2503 Dumpvalue, Encode, Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env,
2504 Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant,
2505 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2506 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
2507 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
2508 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
2509 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
2510 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
2511 File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2512 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2513 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2514 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate,
2515 I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
2516 Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language,
2517 Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2518 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize,
2519 Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile,
2520 Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File,
2521 Memoize::Saves, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config,
2522 Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping,
2523 Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
2524 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
2525 Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX,
2526 Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer,
2527 Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
2528 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, Pod::t::basic, SDBM_File, Safe,
2529 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2530 Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2531 Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial,
2532 Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs,
2533 Text::Wrap, Thread, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash,
2534 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime,
2535 Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::UCD, User::grent,
2538 =item Extension Modules
2550 =item Central America
2562 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2566 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2568 Adding a Copyright Notice
2570 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2572 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2580 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2586 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2590 =item Before you start
2598 =item Release considerations
2602 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2606 =item Has it been done before?
2608 =item Do one thing and do it well
2610 =item What's in a name?
2614 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2618 =item To OO or not to OO?
2620 =item Designing your API
2622 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2623 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2626 =item Strictness and warnings
2628 =item Backwards compatibility
2630 =item Error handling and messages
2634 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2640 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2644 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2648 =item Version numbering
2650 =item Pre-requisites
2660 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2664 =item Reinventing the wheel
2666 =item Trying to do too much
2668 =item Inappropriate documentation
2674 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2675 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2681 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2691 =item What should I make into a module?
2693 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2695 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2697 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2699 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2700 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2701 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2703 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2705 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2706 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2716 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.2 $, $Date:
2717 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)
2727 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2729 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2731 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2733 =item What is perl6?
2735 =item How stable is Perl?
2737 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2739 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2742 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2744 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2746 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2748 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2750 =item What is a JAPH?
2752 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2754 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2755 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2759 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2763 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.3 $,
2764 $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)
2772 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2774 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2776 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2778 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2781 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2782 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2784 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2785 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2787 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2789 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2791 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2793 =item Where should I post source code?
2797 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2799 =item Perl in Magazines
2801 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2803 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2805 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2807 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2809 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2811 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2815 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2819 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.10 $, $Date: 2001/11/19
2828 =item How do I do (anything)?
2830 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2832 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2834 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2836 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2838 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2840 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2842 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2844 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2846 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2847 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2848 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2850 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2852 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2854 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2856 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2858 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2860 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2862 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2864 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
2865 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
2867 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2869 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2871 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2873 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2875 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2877 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2879 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2881 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2883 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2885 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2887 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2889 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2891 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2892 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2894 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2897 =item What's MakeMaker?
2901 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2905 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
2916 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2917 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2919 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2921 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2924 =item How do I convert between numeric representations:
2926 B<How do I convert Hexadecimal into decimal:>, B<How do I convert from
2927 decimal to hexadecimal:>, B<How do I convert from octal to decimal:>, B<How
2928 do I convert from decimal to octal:>, B<How do I convert from binary to
2929 decimal:>, B<How do I convert from decimal to binary:>
2931 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2933 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2935 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2937 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2939 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2947 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2949 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2951 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2953 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2955 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2957 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2959 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2967 =item How do I validate input?
2969 =item How do I unescape a string?
2971 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2973 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2975 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2977 =item How do I reverse a string?
2979 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2981 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2983 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2985 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2987 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2990 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2992 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2993 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2995 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2997 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2999 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3001 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3003 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3005 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3007 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3009 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3010 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3019 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3021 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3023 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3027 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3030 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3031 intersection of two arrays?
3033 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3035 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3037 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3039 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3041 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3043 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3045 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3047 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3049 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3051 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3053 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3057 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3061 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3063 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3066 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3068 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3070 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3072 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3074 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3076 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3078 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3080 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3082 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3084 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3086 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3089 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3090 array of hashes or arrays?
3092 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3100 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3102 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3104 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3106 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3108 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3110 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3112 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3116 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3120 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
3129 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3131 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3132 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3134 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3136 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3138 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3140 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3141 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3143 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3145 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3147 =item How can I write() into a string?
3149 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3151 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3153 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3155 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3157 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3159 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3161 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3163 =item How can I lock a file?
3165 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3167 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3168 the file. How can I do this?
3170 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3171 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3173 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3175 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3177 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3179 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3181 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3183 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3185 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3187 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3189 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3191 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3193 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3195 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
3196 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3198 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3200 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3201 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3203 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3205 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3209 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3213 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)
3221 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3222 and unmaintainable code?
3224 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3226 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3228 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3231 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3233 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3236 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3238 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3240 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3242 =item What is C</o> really for?
3244 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3247 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3249 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3251 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3253 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3255 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3257 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3259 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3261 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3263 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3265 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3267 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3269 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3271 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3275 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3279 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/07
3288 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3290 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3293 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3296 =item How do I skip some return values?
3298 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3300 =item What's an extension?
3302 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3304 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3306 =item How do I create a module?
3308 =item How do I create a class?
3310 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3312 =item What's a closure?
3314 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3316 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3319 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3322 =item How do I create a static variable?
3324 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3325 Between local() and my()?
3327 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3330 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3332 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3334 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3336 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3338 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3340 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3342 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3344 =item How can I find out my current package?
3346 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3348 =item How do I clear a package?
3350 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3354 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3358 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
3367 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3369 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3371 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3373 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3375 =item How do I print something out in color?
3377 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3379 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3381 =item How do I clear the screen?
3383 =item How do I get the screen size?
3385 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3387 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3389 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3391 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3393 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3395 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3397 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3399 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3401 =item How do I set the time and date?
3403 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3405 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3407 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3409 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3410 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3412 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3414 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3416 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3418 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3420 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3422 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3424 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3426 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3428 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3430 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3433 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3435 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3437 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3439 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3442 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3443 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3444 changes to be visible?
3448 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3451 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3453 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3455 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3457 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3459 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3461 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3463 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3465 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3467 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3469 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3471 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3473 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3476 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3478 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3482 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3486 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04
3495 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3497 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3500 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3502 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3504 =item How do I extract URLs?
3506 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3507 file on another machine?
3509 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3511 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3513 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3515 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3517 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3519 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3521 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3523 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3524 CGI script to do bad things?
3526 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3528 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3530 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3532 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3534 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3536 =item How do I send mail?
3538 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3540 =item How do I read mail?
3542 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3544 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3546 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3548 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3552 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3556 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3566 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3570 =item Using The Back Ends
3574 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3578 =item The Decompiling Back End
3580 =item The Lint Back End
3582 =item The Simple C Back End
3584 =item The Bytecode Back End
3586 =item The Optimized C Back End
3588 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3589 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3590 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3594 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3600 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3610 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3611 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3615 =item Compiling your C program
3617 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3619 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3621 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3623 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3625 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3627 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3629 =item Execution of END blocks
3631 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3633 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3638 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3648 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3654 =item Debugger Internals
3658 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3662 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3664 =item Debugging regular expressions
3668 =item Compile-time output
3670 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3671 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3672 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3675 =item Types of nodes
3677 =item Run-time output
3681 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3685 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3687 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3688 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3691 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3693 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3695 =item B<-DL> details
3699 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3707 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3719 =item Version caveat
3721 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3733 =item What has gone on?
3735 =item Writing good test scripts
3739 =item What's new here?
3741 =item Input and Output Parameters
3743 =item The XSUBPP Program
3745 =item The TYPEMAP file
3747 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3751 =item What has happened here?
3753 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3755 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3757 =item More about XSUB arguments
3759 =item The Argument Stack
3761 =item Extending your Extension
3763 =item Documenting your Extension
3765 =item Installing your Extension
3769 =item New Things in this Example
3773 =item New Things in this Example
3775 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3777 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3779 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3781 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3797 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3809 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3811 =item The Argument Stack
3813 =item The RETVAL Variable
3815 =item The MODULE Keyword
3817 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3819 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3821 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3823 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3825 =item The CODE: Keyword
3827 =item The INIT: Keyword
3829 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3831 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3833 =item Default Parameter Values
3835 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3837 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3839 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3841 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3843 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3845 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3847 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3849 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3851 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3853 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3855 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3857 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3859 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3861 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3863 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3865 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3867 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3869 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3871 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3873 =item The CASE: Keyword
3875 =item The & Unary Operator
3877 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3879 =item Using XS With C++
3881 =item Interface Strategy
3883 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3887 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
3889 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
3901 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3911 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3913 =item File Operations
3915 =item File Input and Output
3917 =item File Positioning
3919 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3921 =item Character Class Tests
3923 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3925 =item Miscellaneous functions
3933 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3945 =item What is an "IV"?
3947 =item Working with SVs
3951 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3953 =item Working with AVs
3955 =item Working with HVs
3957 =item Hash API Extensions
3961 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3963 =item Creating New Variables
3965 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3967 =item Stashes and Globs
3969 =item Double-Typed SVs
3971 =item Magic Variables
3973 =item Assigning Magic
3975 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3979 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3981 =item Localizing changes
3983 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3984 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3985 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3986 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3987 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3988 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3989 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3990 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3991 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3992 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4000 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4002 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4004 =item Memory Allocation
4008 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4012 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4022 =item Examining the tree
4024 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4026 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4028 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4030 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4032 =item Pluggable runops
4036 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4038 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4042 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4044 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4046 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4048 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4050 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4054 =item Internal Functions
4056 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4060 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4062 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4064 =item Source Documentation
4068 =item Unicode Support
4072 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4074 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4076 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4078 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4080 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4082 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4086 =item Custom Operators
4094 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4100 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4102 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4104 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4124 =item Determining the Context
4128 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4134 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4136 =item Passing Parameters
4138 =item Returning a Scalar
4140 =item Returning a list of values
4142 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4144 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4148 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4152 =item Using call_argv
4154 =item Using call_method
4158 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4160 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4162 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4163 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4166 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4168 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4180 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4190 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4191 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4192 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4193 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4197 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4199 =item Administration
4201 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4205 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4206 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4214 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4224 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4226 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4228 B<Decryption Filters>
4230 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4232 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4234 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4246 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4254 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4255 B<filter_fetch_value>
4261 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4263 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4273 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4279 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4280 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4281 ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
4282 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK,
4283 dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
4284 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, getcwd_sv, get_av, get_cv, get_hv,
4285 get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number,
4286 grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
4287 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD,
4288 G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV,
4289 HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete,
4290 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4291 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4292 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
4293 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
4294 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
4295 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
4296 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSV, newSViv,
4297 newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv,
4298 newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, new_vstring, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv,
4299 Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_clone, perl_construct,
4300 perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na,
4301 PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx,
4302 POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc,
4303 require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, scan_bin,
4304 scan_hex, scan_oct, sharedsv_find, sharedsv_init, sharedsv_lock,
4305 sharedsv_new, sharedsv_thrcnt_dec, sharedsv_thrcnt_inc, sharedsv_unlock,
4306 sortsv, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ,
4307 strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK,
4308 SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
4309 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK,
4310 SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK,
4311 SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV,
4312 SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen,
4313 SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen,
4314 SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT,
4315 SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC,
4316 SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH,
4317 SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE,
4318 SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK,
4319 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVx, SvUVX, sv_2bool,
4320 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4321 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4322 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4323 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4324 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec,
4325 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free,
4326 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
4327 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
4328 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
4329 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
4330 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4331 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4332 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg,
4333 sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv,
4334 sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags,
4335 sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true,
4336 sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
4337 sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
4338 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn,
4339 THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, to_utf8_case, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni,
4340 utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr,
4341 utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
4342 XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
4343 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO,
4344 XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
4353 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4360 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
4361 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena,
4362 sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4370 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4380 =item History and Background
4382 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4384 =item Data Structures
4386 =item Functions and Attributes
4388 =item Per-instance Data
4390 =item Layers in action.
4392 =item Per-instance flag bits
4394 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4395 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4396 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4397 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4399 =item Methods in Detail
4401 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4402 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4403 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
4404 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
4405 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
4406 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
4407 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4408 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4409 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4410 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
4411 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
4412 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
4413 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
4414 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4418 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4420 =item Extension Layers
4422 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4428 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4436 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4437 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4438 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4439 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4440 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4441 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4442 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4443 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4444 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4445 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4446 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4450 =item Co-existence with stdio
4452 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4453 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4455 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4457 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4458 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4459 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4460 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4462 =item Other Functions
4464 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4465 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4471 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4477 =item To do during 5.6.x
4481 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4483 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4485 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4487 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4489 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4493 =item use Thread for iThreads
4495 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4497 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4499 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4501 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4503 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4505 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4507 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4509 =item Complete signal handling
4511 =item Out-of-source builds
4513 =item POSIX realtime support
4515 =item UNIX98 support
4519 =item Long double conversion
4523 =item Thread-safe regexes
4525 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4527 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4529 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4531 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4533 =item Custom opcodes
4535 =item DLL Versioning
4537 =item Introduce @( and @)
4539 =item Floating point handling
4541 =item IV/UV preservation
4543 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4545 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4547 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4549 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4551 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4553 =item Document Win32 choices
4555 =item Check new modules
4557 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4561 =item To do at some point
4565 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4567 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4569 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4571 =item bitfields in pack
4573 =item Cross compilation
4575 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4577 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4579 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4581 =item -i rename file when changed
4583 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4585 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4587 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4589 =item my sub foo { }
4591 =item One-pass global destruction
4593 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4595 =item Cache recently used regexps
4597 =item Re-entrant functions
4599 =item Cross-compilation support
4601 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4603 =item debugger pragma
4605 =item use less pragma
4607 =item switch structures
4609 =item Cache eval tree
4613 =item Shrink opcode tables
4615 =item Optimize away @_
4617 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4621 =item Prototype method calls
4623 =item Return context prototype declarations
4627 =item Garbage collection
4631 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4633 =item Rewrite perldoc
4635 =item Install .3p manpages
4637 =item Unicode tutorial
4639 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4641 =item Retargetable installation
4643 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4645 =item Rename Win32 headers
4647 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4649 =item Update sprintf documentation
4651 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4653 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4661 =item ref() in list context
4663 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4665 =item Compile to real threaded code
4667 =item Structured types
4669 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4671 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4675 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4677 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4681 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4683 =item Constant function cache
4685 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4693 =item Update guts documentation
4695 =item Add more tests
4697 =item Update auxiliary tools
4701 =item Recently done things
4705 =item Safe signal handling
4711 =item setitimer and getimiter
4713 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4715 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4717 =item Explicit switch statements
4725 =item perlcc to produce executable
4727 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4729 =item Secure temporary file module
4731 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4733 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4735 =item Mmap for input
4737 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4739 =item Add sockatmark support
4741 =item Mailing list archives
4745 =item Integrate MacPerl
4747 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4749 =item Regular expression tutorial
4751 =item Debugging Tutorial
4753 =item Integrate new modules
4755 =item Integrate profiler
4757 =item Y2K error detection
4759 =item Regular expression debugger
4763 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4765 =item Cache precompiled modules
4769 =item Deprecated Wishes
4773 =item Loop control on do{}
4775 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4781 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4783 =item Named prototypes
4785 =item Built-in globbing
4787 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4789 =item Cached hash values
4791 =item Add compression modules
4793 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4795 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4797 =item Make XS easier to use
4799 =item Make embedding easier to use
4803 =item my $Package::variable
4805 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4807 =item "class"-based lexicals
4811 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4813 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4815 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4817 =item Create debugging macros
4823 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4829 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4830 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4831 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4832 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4833 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4834 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4835 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4839 =item Keeping in sync
4841 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4842 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4844 =item Why rsync the source tree
4846 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
4848 =item Why rsync the patches
4850 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4851 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4853 =item Perlbug remote interface
4855 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
4856 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
4858 =item Submitting patches
4860 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4861 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4863 =item Finding Your Way Around
4865 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4867 =item Elements of the interpreter
4869 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4871 =item Internal Variable Types
4877 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4879 =item Millions of Macros
4881 =item Poking at Perl
4883 =item Using a source-level debugger
4885 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4886 finish, 'enter', print
4888 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4892 =item Patching a core module
4894 =item Adding a new function to the core
4896 =item Writing a test
4898 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
4899 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
4903 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4907 =item Rational Software's Purify
4909 =item Purify on Unix
4911 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4915 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4917 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4919 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4923 =item Gprof Profiling
4925 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4927 =item GCC gcov Profiling
4929 =item Pixie Profiling
4931 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4936 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4944 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4952 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4964 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4966 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4970 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4974 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
4980 =item Incompatible Changes
4984 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
4986 =item AIX Dynaloading
4988 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
4990 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
4992 =item Perl Parser Stress Tested
4994 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5000 =item Core Enhancements
5004 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5006 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5008 =item Unicode Overhaul
5010 =item Understanding of Numbers
5012 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5016 =item Modules and Pragmata
5020 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5022 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5026 =item Utility Changes
5028 =item New Documentation
5030 =item Performance Enhancements
5032 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5036 =item Generic Improvements
5038 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5042 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5046 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5050 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5052 =item Changed Internals
5054 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5058 =item Known Problems
5064 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5066 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5068 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5070 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5072 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5074 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5078 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5080 =item Failure of Thread tests
5088 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5090 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5092 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5094 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5096 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5098 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5100 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5102 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5106 =item Reporting Bugs
5114 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5120 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5122 =item Incompatible Changes
5126 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5128 =item AIX Dynaloading
5130 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5132 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5138 =item Core Enhancements
5140 =item Modules and Pragmata
5144 =item New Modules and Distributions
5146 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5150 =item Utility Changes
5152 =item New Documentation
5154 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5158 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5160 =item Generic Improvements
5164 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5168 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5172 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5174 =item Source Code Enhancements
5178 =item MAGIC constants
5180 =item Better commented code
5182 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5190 =item Known Problems
5196 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5198 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5200 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5202 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5204 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5206 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5210 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5212 =item Failure of Thread tests
5222 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5224 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5226 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5228 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5230 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5232 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5236 =item Reporting Bugs
5244 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5250 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5252 =item Incompatible Changes
5254 =item Core Enhancements
5258 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5260 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5262 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5266 =item Modules and Pragmata
5272 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5276 =item Performance Enhancements
5278 =item Utility Changes
5280 =item New Documentation
5296 =item README.solaris
5300 =item Porting/repository.pod
5304 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5308 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5310 =item Generic Improvements
5312 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5313 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5314 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5318 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5322 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5326 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5328 =item Changed Internals
5332 =item Known Problems
5336 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5338 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5340 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5342 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5346 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5348 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5350 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5352 =item Failure of Thread tests
5354 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5356 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5358 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5360 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5364 =item Reporting Bugs
5372 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5378 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5380 =item Incompatible Changes
5382 =item Core Enhancements
5384 =item Modules and Pragmata
5390 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5394 =item Utility Changes
5396 =item New Documentation
5398 =item Performance Enhancements
5400 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5404 =item Generic Improvements
5408 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5412 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5416 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5418 =item Changed Internals
5420 =item Known Problems
5424 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5426 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5428 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5430 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5432 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5434 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5436 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5438 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5440 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5442 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5446 =item Reporting Bugs
5454 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
5460 =item Core Enhancements
5464 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5466 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5468 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5470 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5472 =item "our" declarations
5474 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5476 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5478 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5480 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5482 =item open() with more than two arguments
5484 =item 64-bit support
5486 =item Large file support
5492 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5494 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5496 =item File globbing implemented internally
5498 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5500 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5502 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5504 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5506 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5508 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5510 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5512 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5514 =item Comments in pack() templates
5516 =item Weak references
5518 =item Binary numbers supported
5520 =item Lvalue subroutines
5522 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5524 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5526 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5528 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5530 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5532 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5534 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5536 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5538 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5540 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5542 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5544 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5546 =item Improved diagnostics
5548 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5550 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5552 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5554 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5556 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5558 =item Improved security features
5560 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5562 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5564 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5566 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5568 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5570 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5572 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5576 =item Modules and Pragmata
5582 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5583 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5584 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5585 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5586 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5587 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5588 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5589 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5595 =item Utility Changes
5609 =item The Perl Debugger
5613 =item Improved Documentation
5615 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5616 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5617 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5618 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5620 =item Performance enhancements
5624 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5626 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5628 =item Faster subroutine calls
5630 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5634 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5638 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5640 =item New Configure flags
5642 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5648 =item -Duselargefiles
5650 =item installusrbinperl
5656 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5660 =item Platform specific changes
5664 =item Supported platforms
5668 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5676 =item Significant bug fixes
5680 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5682 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5684 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5686 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5688 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5690 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5692 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5694 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5696 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5698 =item Locale bugs fixed
5702 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5704 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5706 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5708 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5712 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5714 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5715 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5716 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5717 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5718 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5719 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5720 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5721 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5722 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5723 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5724 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5725 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5726 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5727 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5728 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5729 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5730 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5731 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5732 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5733 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5734 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5735 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5736 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5737 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5738 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5739 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5740 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5741 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5742 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5743 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5744 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5745 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5746 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5747 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5748 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5749 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5750 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5751 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5752 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5753 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5754 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5755 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5756 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5757 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5758 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5759 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5760 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5761 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5762 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5763 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5767 =item Incompatible Changes
5771 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5773 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5774 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5775 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5776 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5777 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5778 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5779 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5780 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5781 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5782 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5783 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5785 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5787 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5789 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5791 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5793 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5797 =item Known Problems
5801 =item Thread test failures
5803 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5805 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5807 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5809 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5812 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5814 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5816 =item Experimental features
5818 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5819 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5820 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5824 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5826 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5827 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5828 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5829 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5831 =item Reporting Bugs
5839 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5845 =item About the new versioning system
5847 =item Incompatible Changes
5851 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5853 =item Default installation structure has changed
5855 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5857 =item C Source Compatibility
5859 =item Binary Compatibility
5861 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5863 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5877 =item Regular Expressions
5879 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5880 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5881 improvements, Incompatible changes
5883 =item Improved malloc()
5885 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5887 =item Reliable signals
5889 =item Reliable stack pointers
5891 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5895 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5897 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5899 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5901 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5903 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5905 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5907 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5909 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5911 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5913 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5915 =item Better locale support
5917 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5919 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5921 =item Extended support for exception handling
5923 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5925 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5927 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5929 =item New C<lock> keyword
5931 =item New C<qr//> operator
5933 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5935 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5937 =item Tied handles support is better
5939 =item 4th argument to substr
5941 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5943 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5945 =item <> now reads in records
5949 =item Supported Platforms
5955 =item Changes in existing support
5959 =item Modules and Pragmata
5965 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5966 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5967 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5969 =item Changes in existing modules
5971 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5972 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5976 =item Utility Changes
5978 =item Documentation Changes
5980 =item New Diagnostics
5982 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5983 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5984 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5985 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5986 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5987 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5988 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5989 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5990 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5991 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5992 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5993 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5994 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5995 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5996 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5997 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5998 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6000 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6002 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6003 temporary file, regexp too big
6005 =item Configuration Changes
6015 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
6021 =item Supported Environments
6027 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6029 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6031 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6033 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6035 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6037 =item More precise warnings
6039 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6041 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6043 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6045 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6047 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6049 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6051 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6053 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6055 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6057 =item Changes to tainting checks
6059 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6060 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6062 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6064 =item Embedding improvements
6066 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6068 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6070 =item New and changed syntax
6074 =item New and changed builtin constants
6078 =item New and changed builtin variables
6082 =item New and changed builtin functions
6084 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6085 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6086 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6087 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6088 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6090 =item New builtin methods
6092 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6094 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6096 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6097 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6099 =item Malloc enhancements
6101 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6103 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6107 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6123 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6124 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6130 =item Required Updates
6132 =item Installation directories
6134 =item Module information summary
6148 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6152 =item Utility Changes
6158 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6162 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6166 =item C Language API Changes
6168 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6171 =item Documentation Changes
6173 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6174 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6176 =item New Diagnostics
6178 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6179 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6180 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6181 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6182 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6183 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6184 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6185 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6186 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6187 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6188 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6189 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6190 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6191 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6192 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6193 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6194 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6195 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6196 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6197 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6198 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6199 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6200 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6201 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6202 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6212 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6220 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6224 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6226 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
6228 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
6230 =item Using Large Files with Perl
6236 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
6246 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
6256 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
6270 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
6272 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
6274 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
6276 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
6282 =item Accessing documentation
6286 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
6288 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
6290 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
6292 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
6296 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
6300 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
6302 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
6304 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
6306 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
6308 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
6318 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
6326 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
6328 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
6332 =item Contact Information
6338 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
6348 =item gzip on BS2000
6350 =item bison on BS2000
6352 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
6354 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
6356 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
6358 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
6360 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
6362 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
6364 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
6398 =item Acknowledgements
6404 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
6410 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
6414 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
6416 =item Cygwin Configuration
6418 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
6422 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
6426 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
6428 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
6430 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
6431 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
6433 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
6435 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
6436 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
6438 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
6440 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
6444 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
6448 =item Warnings on Cygwin
6454 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
6458 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
6460 =item Hard Links on Cygwin
6462 =item Filetime Granularity on Cygwin
6464 =item Tainting Checks on Cygwin
6466 =item /etc/group on Cygwin
6468 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
6470 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
6474 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
6476 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
6478 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
6479 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
6481 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
6489 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
6501 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
6505 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
6507 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
6509 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
6511 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
6521 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
6531 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
6535 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
6537 =item Building Perl on DOS
6539 =item Testing Perl on DOS
6541 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
6545 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
6549 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
6551 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
6553 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
6555 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
6565 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
6573 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
6575 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
6577 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
6579 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
6583 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
6585 =item PATH Names on Epoc
6587 =item Editors on Epoc
6589 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
6591 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
6593 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
6597 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
6605 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
6614 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
6616 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
6628 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
6630 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
6632 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
6634 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
6636 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
6638 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
6640 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
6642 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
6644 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
6646 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
6648 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
6652 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
6660 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
6668 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
6676 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
6685 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
6687 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
6689 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
6691 =item Building external modules on MachTen
6701 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
6715 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
6721 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
6727 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
6735 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
6737 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
6739 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
6741 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
6743 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
6745 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
6746 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
6748 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
6752 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
6754 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
6756 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
6758 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
6760 =item Perl/iX Change History
6776 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
6788 =item Build new extensions
6792 =item Acknowledgements
6800 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
6820 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
6822 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
6824 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
6828 =item Frequently asked questions
6832 =item "It does not work"
6834 =item I cannot run external programs
6836 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
6839 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
6842 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
6844 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
6852 =item Automatic binary installation
6854 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
6856 =item Manual binary installation
6858 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
6859 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
6860 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
6861 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
6862 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
6868 =item Accessing documentation
6872 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
6880 =item GNU C<info> files
6892 =item The short story
6896 =item Getting perl source
6898 =item Application of the patches
6906 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
6909 =item Installing the built perl
6911 =item C<a.out>-style build
6919 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
6921 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
6923 =item Problems with tr or sed
6925 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
6927 =item Library ... not found
6929 =item Segfault in make
6931 =item op/sprintf test failure
6935 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
6939 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
6943 =item C<extproc> on the first line
6945 =item Additional modules:
6947 =item Prebuilt methods:
6949 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
6950 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
6951 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
6952 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
6953 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
6954 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
6955 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
6956 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
6957 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
6958 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
6959 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
6961 =item Prebuilt variables:
6963 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
6969 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
6972 =item Identifying DLLs
6974 =item Centralized management of resources
6990 =item F<perl___.exe>
6992 =item Why strange names?
6994 =item Why dynamic linking?
6996 =item Why chimera build?
7004 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7006 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7008 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7010 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7012 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7014 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7024 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7026 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7028 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7031 =item DLL forwarder generation
7035 =item Calls to external programs
7037 =item Memory allocation
7041 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7057 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
7067 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7069 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7071 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7073 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7075 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7077 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7079 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7081 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7083 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7085 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7095 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7103 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7111 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7113 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7115 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7117 =item QNX auxiliary files
7121 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7129 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7139 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7141 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7143 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7145 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7149 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7153 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7165 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
7173 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
7179 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
7185 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
7187 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
7189 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
7193 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
7197 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7199 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
7201 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7205 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
7207 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
7208 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
7209 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
7215 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
7217 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7221 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
7223 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
7227 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
7231 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
7233 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
7237 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
7239 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
7241 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
7251 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
7252 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
7260 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
7262 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
7264 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
7266 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
7268 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
7270 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
7274 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
7280 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
7288 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
7290 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
7296 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
7306 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
7308 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
7310 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
7312 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
7314 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
7324 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
7330 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
7338 =item Organization of Perl Images
7344 =item Perl Extensions
7346 =item Installing static extensions
7348 =item Installing dynamic extensions
7352 =item File specifications
7358 =item Wildcard expansion
7364 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
7370 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
7372 =item Command line switches
7378 =item Perl functions
7380 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
7381 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
7382 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
7383 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
7385 =item Perl variables
7387 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
7389 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
7403 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
7411 =item Stratus POSIX Support
7415 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
7419 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
7421 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
7425 =item USING PERL IN VOS
7429 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
7431 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
7435 =item SUPPORT STATUS
7443 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
7453 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
7455 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC
7459 =item Testing Perl on Win32
7461 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
7463 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
7465 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
7466 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
7467 Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things
7471 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
7475 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
7476 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
7477 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
7485 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
7487 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7499 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7509 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
7510 data structures between threads
7522 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
7523 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
7533 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
7542 $thread = new(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
7543 threads->self, $thread->tid
7547 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
7550 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
7554 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
7555 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
7561 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
7571 =item Built-in Attributes
7573 locked, method, lvalue
7575 =item Available Subroutines
7579 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
7581 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
7583 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
7591 =item Default exports
7593 =item Available exports
7595 =item Export tags defined
7605 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7617 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
7633 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
7647 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
7661 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
7674 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
7683 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
7685 =item charnames::viacode(code)
7687 =item charnames::vianame(code)
7693 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
7705 =item List constants
7707 =item Defining multiple constants at once
7709 =item Magic constants
7713 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
7723 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
7734 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
7736 =item The I<splain> Program
7750 =head2 encoding - pragma to control the conversion of legacy data into
7759 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
7765 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
7779 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
7789 =item subpragma access
7795 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
7806 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
7816 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
7826 =item Adding directories to @INC
7828 =item Deleting directories from @INC
7830 =item Restoring original @INC
7840 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
7851 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
7859 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
7861 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
7867 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
7879 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
7889 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
7891 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
7893 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
7895 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
7897 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
7899 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
7901 =item Overloadable Operations
7903 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
7904 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
7905 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
7907 =item Inheritance and overloading
7909 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
7910 is inherited by derived classes
7914 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
7922 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
7924 =item Copy Constructor
7930 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
7932 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
7933 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
7934 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
7937 =item Losing overloading
7939 =item Run-time Overloading
7941 =item Public functions
7943 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
7945 =item Overloading constants
7947 integer, float, binary, q, qr
7949 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7951 =item Metaphor clash
7957 =item Two-face scalars
7959 =item Two-face references
7961 =item Symbolic calculator
7963 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
7971 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
7972 type, `%s' is not a code reference
7978 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7988 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8000 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8002 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8006 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8010 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
8018 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
8028 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
8036 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
8040 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
8050 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8059 $thread = new(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8060 threads->self, $thread->tid
8064 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
8067 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8071 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
8072 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
8078 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
8079 structures between threads
8091 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
8092 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8102 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
8113 =item Utility functions
8115 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
8116 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
8124 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
8134 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
8142 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
8146 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
8154 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
8155 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
8156 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
8157 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
8158 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
8162 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
8172 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
8174 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
8184 =item DBM Comparisons
8194 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
8204 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
8208 =item Typed lexicals
8210 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
8212 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
8214 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
8216 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
8224 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
8225 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
8226 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
8227 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>
8237 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
8247 =item Subroutine Stubs
8249 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
8251 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
8253 =item Package Lexicals
8255 =item Not Using AutoLoader
8257 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
8267 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
8275 $keep, $check, $modtime
8279 =item Multiple packages
8287 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
8295 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
8299 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
8307 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
8321 =item B::PVMG METHODS
8325 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
8327 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
8329 =item B::PVLV METHODS
8331 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
8335 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
8339 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
8340 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
8344 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
8345 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
8349 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
8353 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
8358 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
8360 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
8364 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
8366 =item B::UNOP METHOD
8370 =item B::BINOP METHOD
8374 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
8378 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
8382 =item B::PMOP METHODS
8384 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
8386 =item B::SVOP METHOD
8390 =item B::PADOP METHOD
8394 =item B::PVOP METHOD
8398 =item B::LOOP METHODS
8400 redoop, nextop, lastop
8402 =item B::COP METHODS
8404 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
8408 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
8410 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
8411 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
8412 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
8413 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
8420 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
8433 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
8445 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
8457 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
8467 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
8468 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
8469 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
8479 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
8489 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
8490 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
8500 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
8510 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
8511 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
8512 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
8524 =item Context of ".."
8528 =item Deprecated features
8536 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
8546 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
8547 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
8548 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
8550 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
8552 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
8553 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
8554 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
8555 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
8556 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
8557 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
8558 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
8559 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
8565 =item OP flags abbreviations
8567 =item OP class abbreviations
8571 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
8577 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
8589 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
8599 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
8600 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
8602 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
8612 =item ambient_pragmas
8614 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
8626 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
8638 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
8646 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
8648 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
8649 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
8651 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
8661 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
8671 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8677 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
8689 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
8701 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
8703 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
8715 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
8725 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
8733 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
8745 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
8759 =item Standard Exports
8761 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
8762 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
8763 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
8765 =item Optional Exports
8767 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
8768 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
8769 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
8785 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
8789 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
8803 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
8813 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
8814 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
8815 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
8825 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
8837 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
8839 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
8841 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
8843 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
8845 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
8847 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
8849 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
8851 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
8853 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
8855 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
8857 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
8859 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
8861 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
8863 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
8865 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
8867 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
8869 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
8871 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
8872 B<:standard>, B<:all>
8876 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
8877 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
8880 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
8882 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
8883 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
8888 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
8892 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
8894 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
8896 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
8898 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
8900 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
8902 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
8904 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
8906 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
8907 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
8909 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
8913 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
8917 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
8919 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
8921 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
8923 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
8925 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
8927 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
8928 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
8930 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
8934 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
8938 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
8940 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
8942 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
8944 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
8948 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
8950 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
8952 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
8956 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
8958 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
8962 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
8966 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
8970 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
8974 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
8978 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
8980 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
8982 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
8986 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
8988 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
8989 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
8991 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
8997 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
8998 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
9000 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
9002 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
9003 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
9006 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
9012 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
9016 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
9018 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
9019 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
9020 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
9021 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
9022 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
9023 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
9025 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
9027 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
9032 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
9034 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
9036 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
9037 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
9039 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
9041 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9045 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
9046 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
9047 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
9048 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
9049 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
9050 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
9051 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
9052 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
9053 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
9054 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
9055 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
9056 ...and many many more..
9058 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
9066 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
9076 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9084 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
9093 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
9095 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
9099 =item Changing the default message
9103 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
9113 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
9121 =item USING CGI::Cookie
9123 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
9127 =item Creating New Cookies
9129 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
9131 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
9133 =item Manipulating Cookies
9135 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
9139 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9147 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
9155 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
9157 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
9159 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
9161 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
9163 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
9165 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
9169 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9177 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
9187 =item Tags that won't be formatted
9189 =item Customizing the Indenting
9201 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
9209 =item USING CGI::Push
9211 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
9215 =item Heterogeneous Pages
9217 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
9221 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
9223 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9231 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
9241 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9249 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
9257 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9263 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
9273 =item Interactive Mode
9275 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
9276 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
9277 distribution, ls author, Signals
9285 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
9287 =item Programmer's interface
9289 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
9291 =item Methods in the other Classes
9293 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
9294 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
9295 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
9296 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
9297 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
9298 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
9299 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
9300 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
9301 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
9302 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
9303 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
9304 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
9305 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
9306 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
9307 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
9308 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
9309 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
9310 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
9311 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
9312 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
9313 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
9314 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
9315 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
9316 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
9317 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
9318 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
9326 =item Finding packages and VERSION
9330 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
9336 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
9337 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
9338 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
9339 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
9343 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
9345 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
9353 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
9355 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
9359 =item Three basic types of firewalls
9361 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
9363 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
9369 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
9381 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
9391 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
9404 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
9414 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
9422 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
9424 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
9434 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
9435 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
9436 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
9438 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
9446 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
9456 =item The C<struct()> function
9458 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
9460 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
9462 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
9463 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
9465 =item Initializing with C<new>
9471 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
9473 =item Author and Modification History
9477 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
9485 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
9497 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
9501 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
9502 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
9503 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
9508 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
9509 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
9513 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
9514 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
9515 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
9516 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
9517 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
9518 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
9522 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
9523 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
9524 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
9525 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
9526 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
9527 C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>,
9528 C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>,
9529 C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>,
9530 C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>,
9531 C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>,
9532 C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
9533 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
9534 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
9535 C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
9536 C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
9537 C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>,
9538 C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>,
9539 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
9540 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>,
9541 C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
9542 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
9543 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
9544 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
9545 C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>,
9546 C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
9547 C<d_htonl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
9548 C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>,
9549 C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
9550 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
9551 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
9552 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
9553 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
9554 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
9555 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
9556 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
9557 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
9558 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
9559 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
9560 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
9561 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
9562 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
9563 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
9564 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
9565 C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>,
9566 C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>,
9567 C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>,
9568 C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
9569 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>,
9570 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
9571 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
9572 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
9573 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>,
9574 C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
9575 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setpwent>,
9576 C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>,
9577 C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
9578 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
9579 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
9580 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
9581 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
9582 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
9583 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
9584 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
9585 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
9586 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>,
9587 C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>,
9588 C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>,
9589 C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
9590 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
9591 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
9592 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
9593 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
9594 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>,
9595 C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
9596 C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>,
9597 C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
9598 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
9599 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
9603 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
9604 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
9608 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
9609 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
9614 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
9615 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
9619 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
9623 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
9624 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
9625 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_fp>,
9626 C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
9627 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
9628 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
9629 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
9630 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
9631 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
9632 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
9633 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
9634 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
9635 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
9636 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
9637 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
9638 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
9639 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
9640 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
9641 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
9642 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
9643 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
9644 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
9645 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
9646 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
9650 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
9654 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
9655 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
9656 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
9657 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
9658 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
9659 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
9663 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
9664 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
9665 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
9669 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
9670 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
9674 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
9675 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
9676 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
9677 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
9681 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
9682 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
9686 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
9687 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
9691 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
9692 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
9693 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
9694 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
9698 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
9702 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
9703 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
9707 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
9708 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
9709 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
9710 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
9711 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
9712 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
9713 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
9714 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
9715 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
9716 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
9717 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
9718 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
9719 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
9720 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
9724 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
9725 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
9729 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
9730 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
9731 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
9732 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
9733 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
9734 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
9735 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
9736 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
9737 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
9741 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
9742 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
9743 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
9744 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
9748 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
9752 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
9764 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
9774 =item getcwd and friends
9776 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
9778 =item abs_path and friends
9780 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
9792 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
9804 =item Global Variables
9806 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
9807 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
9812 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
9813 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
9815 =item Client Callback Methods
9817 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
9818 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
9819 CLIENT->output(LIST)
9829 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
9837 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
9841 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
9843 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
9845 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
9847 =item Default Parameters
9849 =item In Memory Databases
9857 =item A Simple Example
9865 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
9867 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
9869 =item The get_dup() Method
9871 =item The find_dup() Method
9873 =item The del_dup() Method
9875 =item Matching Partial Keys
9883 =item The 'bval' Option
9885 =item A Simple Example
9887 =item Extra RECNO Methods
9889 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
9890 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
9893 =item Another Example
9897 =item THE API INTERFACE
9899 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
9900 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
9901 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
9902 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
9906 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
9907 B<filter_fetch_value>
9913 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
9915 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
9919 =item HINTS AND TIPS
9923 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
9925 =item Safe ways to lock a database
9927 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
9929 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
9931 =item The untie() Gotcha
9935 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
9939 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
9941 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
9943 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
9945 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
9965 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
9966 printing and C<eval>
9978 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
9979 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
9980 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
9987 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
9989 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9990 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9991 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9992 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9993 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9994 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9995 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9996 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9997 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9998 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9999 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10000 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10001 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10002 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10003 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
10023 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
10031 =item PROFILE FORMAT
10043 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
10063 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
10073 =item Runtime debugging
10075 =item Memory footprint debugging
10083 =item A simple scalar string
10085 =item A simple scalar number
10087 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
10089 =item A reference to a simple scalar
10091 =item A reference to an array
10093 =item A reference to a hash
10095 =item Dumping a large array or hash
10097 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
10099 =item A reference to a subroutine
10113 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
10123 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
10131 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
10135 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
10136 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
10137 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
10145 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
10155 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
10159 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
10160 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
10172 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
10184 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
10196 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
10197 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
10198 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
10203 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
10204 veryCompact, set, get
10210 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
10218 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
10219 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
10220 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
10221 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
10228 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
10241 =head2 Encode - character encodings
10259 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
10261 =item Types of Encodings
10263 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
10264 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
10266 =item Specifying Encodings
10268 1. By name, 2. As an object
10270 =item Encoding Names
10272 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFCs, The name in the IANA registry, The
10273 name used by the organization that defined it
10277 =item PERL ENCODING API
10281 =item Generic Encoding Interface
10283 =item Handling Malformed Data
10285 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
10289 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
10291 =item Listing available encodings
10293 =item Defining Aliases
10295 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
10298 =item Defining Encodings
10302 =item Encoding and IO
10304 =item Encoding How to ...
10306 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
10307 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
10309 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
10311 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
10313 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
10315 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
10316 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
10320 =item Compiled Encodings
10322 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
10323 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
10331 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
10332 of the Encode extension
10338 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
10346 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
10348 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
10354 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
10362 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
10375 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
10390 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
10406 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
10416 =item How to Export
10418 =item Selecting What To Export
10420 =item Specialised Import Lists
10422 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
10424 =item Module Version Checking
10426 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
10428 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
10434 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
10444 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
10465 mv source... destination
10467 cp source... destination
10485 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
10495 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
10505 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
10507 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
10511 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
10519 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
10522 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
10524 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
10526 WriteMakefileSnippet
10528 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
10529 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
10537 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
10549 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
10550 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
10560 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
10570 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
10582 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
10583 packlist(), version()
10591 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
10599 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
10605 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
10615 =item VMS implementation
10617 =item Win32 implementation
10625 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10626 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10634 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
10638 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10639 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10665 test_via_harness (o)
10667 tool_autosplit (override)
10685 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10686 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10700 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10712 =item Preloaded methods
10732 =item SelfLoaded methods
10778 file_name_is_absolute
10784 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
10824 maybe_command_in_dirs
10852 post_initialize (o)
10864 replace_manpage_separator
10878 test_via_harness (o)
10880 test_via_script (o)
10910 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10911 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10921 =item Methods always loaded
10933 =item SelfLoaded methods
10935 guess_name (override)
10939 find_perl (override)
10943 maybe_command (override)
10945 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
10947 perl_script (override)
10949 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10951 replace_manpage_separator
10953 init_others (override)
10955 constants (override)
10959 const_cccmd (override)
10961 pm_to_blib (override)
10963 tool_autosplit (override)
10965 tool_sxubpp (override)
10967 xsubpp_version (override)
10969 tools_other (override)
10979 top_targets (override)
10983 dynamic_lib (override)
10985 dynamic_bs (override)
10987 static_lib (override)
10989 manifypods (override)
10991 processPL (override)
10993 installbin (override)
10995 subdir_x (override)
10999 realclean (override)
11001 dist_basics (override)
11003 dist_core (override)
11005 dist_dir (override)
11007 dist_test (override)
11011 perldepend (override)
11013 makefile (override)
11017 test_via_harness (override)
11019 test_via_script (override)
11021 makeaperl (override)
11023 nicetext (override)
11025 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11026 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11052 test_via_harness (o)
11054 tool_autosplit (override)
11072 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
11082 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
11084 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
11092 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
11096 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
11098 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
11100 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
11102 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
11104 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
11105 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
11106 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
11107 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
11108 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
11109 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
11110 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
11111 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
11112 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
11113 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
11114 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE,
11115 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERM_RW,
11116 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
11117 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PRINT,
11118 PRINT_PREREQ, SKIP, TEST_LIBS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
11119 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
11121 =item Additional lowercase attributes
11123 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
11126 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
11128 =item Hintsfile support
11130 =item Distribution Support
11132 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
11133 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
11134 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
11136 =item Disabling an extension
11142 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
11150 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
11158 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
11162 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
11166 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
11167 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
11171 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
11179 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
11191 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
11201 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
11210 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
11218 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
11230 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
11238 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
11248 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
11260 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
11270 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
11274 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
11282 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
11286 C<basename>, C<dirname>
11290 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
11300 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
11314 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
11324 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
11326 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
11338 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
11348 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
11360 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
11368 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
11369 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
11370 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
11376 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
11384 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
11392 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
11393 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
11394 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
11398 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
11406 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
11418 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
11428 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
11429 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
11430 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
11438 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
11472 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
11490 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
11518 file_name_is_absolute
11540 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
11550 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
11583 file_name_is_absolute
11605 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
11621 =item Methods always loaded
11623 canonpath (override)
11641 case_tolerant (override)
11645 file_name_is_absolute (override)
11647 splitpath (override)
11649 splitdir (override)
11663 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
11693 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
11717 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
11731 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
11741 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
11749 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
11757 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
11759 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
11771 =item Temporary files and NFS
11783 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
11797 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
11809 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
11817 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
11823 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
11837 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
11839 =item All-in-one interface
11841 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
11843 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
11846 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
11848 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
11849 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
11850 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
11852 described in the previous section.
11854 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
11856 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
11868 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
11878 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
11882 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
11884 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
11892 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
11894 =item Example 2: Using the context
11896 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
11898 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
11902 =item Filter::Simple
11910 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
11918 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
11930 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
11946 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
11954 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
11956 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
11960 =item Simple options
11962 =item A little bit less simple options
11964 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
11966 =item Options with values
11968 =item Options with multiple values
11970 =item Options with hash values
11972 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
11974 =item Options with multiple names
11976 =item Case and abbreviations
11978 =item Summary of Option Specifications
11980 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
11984 =item Advanced Possibilities
11988 =item Object oriented interface
11990 =item Documentation and help texts
11992 =item Storing options in a hash
11996 =item The lonesome dash
11998 =item Argument callback
12002 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
12004 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
12005 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
12006 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
12007 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
12008 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
12010 =item Return values and Errors
12016 =item Default destinations
12018 =item Alternative option starters
12020 =item Configuration variables
12024 =item Trouble Shooting
12028 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
12030 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
12033 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
12035 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
12041 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12045 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
12056 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
12067 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
12078 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
12080 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
12082 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
12084 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
12086 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
12088 the function super_languages($lang1)
12090 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
12092 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
12094 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
12096 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
12100 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
12102 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
12112 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
12120 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
12122 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
12124 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
12125 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
12126 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
12127 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
12128 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
12129 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
12130 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
12131 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
12132 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
12133 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
12134 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
12135 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
12136 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
12137 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
12138 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
12139 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
12140 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
12141 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
12142 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
12143 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
12144 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
12145 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
12146 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
12147 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
12148 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
12149 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
12150 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
12151 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
12152 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
12153 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
12154 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
12155 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
12156 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
12157 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
12158 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
12159 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
12160 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
12161 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
12162 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
12163 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
12164 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
12165 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
12166 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
12167 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
12168 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
12169 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
12170 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
12171 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
12172 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
12173 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
12174 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
12175 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
12176 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
12177 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
12178 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
12179 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
12180 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
12181 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
12182 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
12183 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
12184 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
12185 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
12186 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
12187 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
12188 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
12189 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
12190 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
12191 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
12192 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
12193 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
12194 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
12195 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
12196 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
12197 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
12198 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
12199 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
12200 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
12201 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
12202 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
12203 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
12204 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
12205 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
12206 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
12207 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
12208 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
12209 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
12210 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
12211 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
12212 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
12213 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
12214 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
12215 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
12216 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
12217 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
12218 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
12219 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
12220 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
12221 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
12222 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
12223 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
12224 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
12225 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
12226 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
12227 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
12228 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
12229 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
12230 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
12231 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
12232 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
12233 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
12234 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
12235 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
12236 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
12237 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
12238 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
12239 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
12240 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
12241 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
12242 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
12246 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12252 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
12270 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
12274 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
12284 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
12292 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
12293 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
12303 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
12313 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
12317 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
12325 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
12335 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
12339 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
12340 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
12341 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
12342 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
12354 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
12364 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
12368 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
12378 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
12388 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
12389 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
12399 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
12407 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
12408 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
12417 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
12427 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
12431 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
12432 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
12433 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
12443 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
12457 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
12458 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
12468 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
12484 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
12497 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
12511 hostpath(), peerpath()
12521 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
12530 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
12531 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
12541 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
12551 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
12555 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
12563 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
12574 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
12578 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
12579 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
12580 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
12581 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
12593 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
12603 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
12607 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
12617 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
12627 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
12628 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
12638 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
12647 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
12648 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
12657 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
12668 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
12672 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
12673 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
12674 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
12684 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
12699 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
12700 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
12710 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
12711 AF_INET domain sockets
12727 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
12740 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
12741 AF_UNIX domain sockets
12755 hostpath(), peerpath()
12765 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
12775 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
12776 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
12787 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
12801 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
12814 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
12824 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
12825 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
12826 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
12837 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
12855 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
12865 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
12866 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
12877 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
12888 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
12889 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
12890 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
12901 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
12909 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
12910 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
12912 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
12918 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
12919 general-utility list subroutines
12927 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
12928 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
12930 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
12936 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
12937 general-utility scalar subroutines
12945 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
12946 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
12954 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
12962 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12966 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
12974 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
12986 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
12992 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12994 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
12995 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
13001 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13003 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
13009 =item CODE ALIASING
13019 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13023 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
13024 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
13025 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
13026 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
13034 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
13035 identification (ISO 4217)
13053 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13055 code2currency(), currency2code()
13061 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13063 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
13071 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13075 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
13083 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
13100 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13102 code2language(), language2code()
13108 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13110 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
13118 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13122 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
13123 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
13131 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
13139 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
13145 =item Construction Methods
13147 =item The "maketext" Method
13149 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
13151 =item Utility Methods
13153 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
13154 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
13155 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
13156 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
13158 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
13162 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
13164 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
13166 =item BRACKET NOTATION
13168 =item AUTO LEXICONS
13170 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
13172 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
13176 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13182 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
13190 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
13194 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
13196 =item The Linguistic View
13198 =item Breaking gettext
13200 =item Replacing gettext
13202 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
13204 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
13206 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
13208 =item Buzzword: Concision
13210 =item The Devil in the Details
13212 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
13220 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
13228 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
13232 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
13240 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
13241 of quoted-printable strings
13249 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
13255 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
13264 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
13270 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
13280 =item Canonical notation
13284 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
13286 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
13290 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
13291 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
13299 =item Autocreating constants
13305 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
13313 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
13321 Canonical notation, Input, Output
13323 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
13333 =item Rounding mode R
13335 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
13336 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
13337 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
13350 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
13356 use Math::BigInt qw(bstr);
13358 =item Autocreating constants
13364 =item Alternative math libraries
13370 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
13374 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
13375 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
13386 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
13396 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
13400 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
13402 the same terms as Perl itself.
13410 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
13423 =item STRINGIFICATION
13427 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
13433 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
13435 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
13443 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
13451 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
13457 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
13459 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
13463 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
13465 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
13469 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
13471 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
13473 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
13474 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
13478 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
13484 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
13494 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
13512 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
13514 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
13518 =item OTHER FACILITIES
13524 =item C<flush_cache>
13530 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
13532 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
13540 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
13546 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
13555 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
13566 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
13578 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
13586 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
13594 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
13603 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
13612 =head2 Memoize::Saves - Plug-in module to specify which return values
13629 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
13637 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
13645 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13651 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13655 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13659 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
13669 =item Enforcing redispatch
13671 =item Avoiding repetitions
13677 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
13683 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
13693 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
13696 =item CLASS METHODS
13698 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
13699 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
13700 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
13710 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
13720 requires_firewall HOST
13722 =item NetConfig VALUES
13724 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
13725 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
13726 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
13730 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
13739 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
13747 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
13759 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
13763 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
13764 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
13765 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
13766 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
13767 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
13768 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
13769 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
13770 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
13771 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
13772 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
13773 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
13774 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
13775 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
13779 =item Methods for the adventurous
13785 =item THE dataconn CLASS
13787 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
13788 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
13790 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
13792 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
13794 =item REPORTING BUGS
13802 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
13810 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
13820 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
13824 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
13825 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
13826 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
13827 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
13828 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
13833 =item Extension methods
13835 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
13836 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
13837 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
13838 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
13847 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
13857 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
13869 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
13873 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
13874 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
13875 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
13876 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
13888 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
13896 icmp, udp, tcp, stream, external
13902 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
13903 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
13911 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
13923 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
13927 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
13928 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
13929 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
13930 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
13931 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
13932 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
13943 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
13951 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
13952 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
13960 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
13977 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
13985 =item Where to get this document
13987 =item How to contribute to this document
13991 =item Author and Copyright Information
13999 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
14003 =item What is libnet ?
14005 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
14007 =item What other modules do I need ?
14009 =item What machines support libnet ?
14011 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
14015 =item Using Net::FTP
14019 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
14021 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
14023 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
14025 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
14028 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
14030 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
14032 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
14034 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
14036 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
14038 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
14041 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
14043 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
14046 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
14049 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
14053 =item Using Net::SMTP
14057 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
14060 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
14062 =item The verify method always returns true ?
14066 =item Debugging scripts
14070 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
14074 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
14078 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
14095 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
14110 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
14127 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
14135 =item THE .netrc FILE
14137 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
14142 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
14146 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
14156 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
14166 =item IMPLEMENTATION
14172 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
14180 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14186 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14190 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14194 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
14206 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
14208 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
14209 or optag, an operator set (opset)
14211 =item Opcode Functions
14213 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
14214 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
14215 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
14218 =item Manipulating Opsets
14220 =item TO DO (maybe)
14226 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
14228 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
14229 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
14230 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
14239 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
14248 a new namespace, an operator mask
14254 =item RECENT CHANGES
14256 =item Methods in class Safe
14258 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
14259 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
14260 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
14261 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
14263 =item Some Safety Issues
14265 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
14273 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
14286 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
14300 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
14301 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
14302 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
14303 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
14304 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
14305 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
14306 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
14307 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
14308 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
14309 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
14310 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
14311 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
14312 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
14313 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
14314 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
14315 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
14316 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
14317 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
14318 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
14319 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
14320 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
14321 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
14322 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
14323 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
14324 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
14331 =item POSIX::SigAction
14335 =item POSIX::SigSet
14337 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
14339 =item POSIX::Termios
14341 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
14342 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
14343 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
14344 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
14345 values, c_oflag field values
14349 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
14353 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
14357 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
14415 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
14424 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
14428 =item Defaults and how to override them
14438 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
14448 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
14456 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
14457 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
14458 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
14459 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
14460 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
14461 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
14462 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
14466 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
14472 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
14478 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
14484 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
14496 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
14497 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
14498 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
14499 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
14500 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
14501 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
14502 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
14503 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
14508 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
14509 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
14510 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
14511 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
14512 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
14513 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
14517 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
14518 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
14530 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
14532 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
14535 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
14537 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
14539 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
14541 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
14543 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
14551 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
14563 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
14565 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
14572 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
14578 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
14580 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
14587 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
14599 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
14609 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
14610 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
14625 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
14638 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
14639 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
14645 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
14669 =item B<was_cutting()>
14675 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
14681 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
14687 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
14693 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
14699 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14705 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
14711 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
14717 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
14723 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
14729 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
14735 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
14741 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
14747 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
14753 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
14759 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
14765 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14771 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
14777 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
14783 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
14789 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
14795 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
14801 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
14807 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
14813 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
14819 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
14825 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
14831 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
14837 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14843 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
14855 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
14867 =item OBJECT METHODS
14875 =item Data Accessors
14891 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
14893 B<StartWithNewPage>
14907 =item Subclassed methods
14921 B<interior_sequence>
14937 =item Methods for headings
14945 =item Internal methods
14951 B<_replace_special_chars>
14953 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
14959 B<_clean_latex_commands>
14961 B<_split_delimited>
14977 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
14985 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
14990 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
14991 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
14992 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
15003 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15007 =head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an L<> formatting code in POD text
15017 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15021 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
15035 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
15043 $list-E<gt>indent()
15051 $list-E<gt>parent()
15057 =item Pod::Hyperlink
15059 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
15063 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
15065 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
15069 $link-E<gt>warning()
15071 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
15077 $link-E<gt>alttext()
15087 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
15093 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
15097 =item Pod::Cache::Item
15099 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
15103 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
15105 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
15107 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
15109 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
15111 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
15113 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
15115 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
15125 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
15137 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15139 =item PARSING OPTIONS
15141 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
15142 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
15148 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
15156 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15162 =item B<verbatim()>
15164 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15170 =item B<textblock()>
15172 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15178 =item B<interior_sequence()>
15184 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
15196 =item B<initialize()>
15202 =item B<begin_pod()>
15208 =item B<begin_input()>
15214 =item B<end_input()>
15226 =item B<preprocess_line()>
15232 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
15238 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
15244 =item B<parse_text()>
15246 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
15247 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
15248 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
15254 =item B<interpolate()>
15260 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
15266 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
15272 =item B<parse_from_file()>
15278 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
15284 =item B<errorsub()>
15296 =item B<parseopts()>
15302 =item B<output_file()>
15308 =item B<output_handle()>
15314 =item B<input_file()>
15320 =item B<input_handle()>
15326 =item B<input_streams()>
15332 =item B<top_stream()>
15338 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
15344 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
15350 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
15356 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
15364 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
15384 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
15397 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
15399 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
15405 =item OBJECT METHODS
15411 =item B<curr_headings()>
15423 =item B<add_selection()>
15429 =item B<clear_selections()>
15435 =item B<match_section()>
15441 =item B<is_selected()>
15447 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
15453 =item B<podselect()>
15455 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
15461 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
15467 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
15473 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
15479 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
15491 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
15499 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
15503 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
15504 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph
15505 "%s", %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
15516 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15520 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
15534 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15538 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
15553 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15557 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
15558 text with format escapes
15572 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15576 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
15585 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
15594 =item Recommended Use
15602 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
15606 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
15613 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
15617 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
15621 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
15625 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
15631 =item OVER AND ITEMS
15633 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
15636 =item FORMATTING CODES
15638 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
15644 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
15652 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15658 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15662 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15666 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
15674 a new namespace, an operator mask
15680 =item RECENT CHANGES
15682 =item Methods in class Safe
15684 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
15685 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
15686 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
15687 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
15689 =item Some Safety Issues
15691 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
15699 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
15707 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
15708 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
15716 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
15726 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
15736 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
15746 =item The __DATA__ token
15748 =item SelfLoader autoloading
15750 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
15752 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
15754 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
15756 =item Classes and inherited methods.
15760 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
15764 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
15774 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
15782 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
15783 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
15791 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
15792 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
15793 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
15794 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
15795 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
15799 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
15809 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
15813 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
15815 =item ERROR REPORTING
15823 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
15828 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
15829 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
15853 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
15867 =item Allowing fall-through
15869 =item Automating fall-through
15871 =item Alternative syntax
15873 =item Higher-order Operations
15889 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
15899 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
15911 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
15912 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
15920 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
15921 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
15932 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
15933 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
15941 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
15942 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
15953 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
15963 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
15964 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
15965 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
15969 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
15983 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
15999 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
16001 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
16003 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
16005 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
16013 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16021 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
16029 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
16039 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
16040 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
16048 =item Minimal set of supported functions
16050 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
16051 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
16053 =item Additional supported functions
16055 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
16065 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
16091 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
16095 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
16105 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
16125 =item Setting up tests
16141 =item Running tests
16147 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
16165 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
16177 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
16181 =item Test Status and Info
16189 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
16211 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
16221 =item The test script output
16223 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
16224 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
16225 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
16229 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
16254 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
16255 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
16256 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
16257 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
16261 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
16262 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
16277 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
16287 =item I love it when a plan comes together
16297 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
16325 =item Conditional tests
16335 =item Comparison functions
16351 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
16353 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family have some caveats, Test::Harness
16366 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
16390 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
16399 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
16407 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
16409 =item Where to start?
16413 =item Test the manual
16415 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
16417 =item Testing lots of values
16419 =item Informative names
16421 =item Skipping tests
16425 =item Testing with taint mode.
16437 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
16449 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
16459 =item General behaviour in list contexts
16463 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
16465 =item A note about prefixes
16467 =item C<extract_delimited>
16469 =item C<extract_bracketed>
16471 =item C<extract_tagged>
16473 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
16474 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
16476 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
16478 =item C<extract_quotelike>
16480 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
16482 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
16484 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
16486 =item C<extract_codeblock>
16488 =item C<extract_multiple>
16490 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
16496 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
16497 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
16498 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
16499 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
16500 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
16501 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
16502 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
16503 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
16504 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
16505 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
16506 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
16507 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
16512 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
16518 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
16533 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
16550 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
16565 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
16581 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl
16593 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
16594 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
16595 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
16599 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
16607 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
16615 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
16617 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
16623 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
16631 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
16633 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
16637 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
16649 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
16659 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
16667 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
16668 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
16669 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
16670 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
16678 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
16687 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
16688 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
16689 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
16690 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
16692 =item MORE INFORMATION
16694 =item COMPATIBILITY
16698 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
16706 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
16707 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
16711 =item MORE INFORMATION
16715 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
16733 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
16742 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
16744 =item MORE INFORMATION
16748 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
16760 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
16769 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
16770 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
16771 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
16772 getitimer ( $which )
16788 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
16796 =item IMPLEMENTATION
16802 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
16817 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
16832 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
16844 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
16852 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
16853 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
16857 =head2 Unicode::Collate - use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
16867 =item Constructor and Tailoring
16869 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
16870 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
16871 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
16873 =item Other methods
16875 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
16876 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
16877 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
16878 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
16879 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
16880 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
16881 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
16882 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
16894 Unicode Collation Algorithm - Unicode TR #10, L<Unicode::Normalize>
16898 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - normalized forms of Unicode text
16906 C<$string_NFD = NFD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFC = NFC($raw_string)>,
16907 C<$string_NFKD = NFKD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFKC = NFKC($raw_string)>,
16908 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $raw_string)>
16920 L<Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util>, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/
16924 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
16966 =item Blocks versus Scripts
16968 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
16970 =item Code Point Arguments
16996 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
17002 =item Implementation Note
17014 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
17029 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
17040 =item System Specifics
17054 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
17062 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
17064 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
17065 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
17066 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
17067 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
17068 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
17069 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
17070 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
17071 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
17072 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
17073 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
17074 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
17075 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
17076 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
17077 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
17078 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
17079 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
17085 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
17103 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
17115 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
17117 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
17118 don't all have manual pages yet:
17144 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles