4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Internals and C Language Interface
30 =item Platform-Specific
54 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
64 =item Running Perl programs
66 =item Basic syntax overview
68 =item Perl variable types
70 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
72 =item Variable scoping
74 =item Conditional and looping constructs
76 if, while, for, foreach
78 =item Builtin operators and functions
80 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
85 =item Regular expressions
87 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
88 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
90 =item Writing subroutines
94 =item Using Perl modules
102 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2001/10/16
111 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
113 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
115 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
117 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
119 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
121 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
123 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
125 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
127 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
129 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
133 =item About the perlfaq documents
137 =item Where to get the perlfaq
139 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
141 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
148 =item Author and Copyright Information
152 =item Bundled Distributions
160 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
161 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
162 Initial Release: 11/March/97
166 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
174 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
184 =item Simple statements
186 =item Compound statements
194 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
198 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
200 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
206 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
220 =item Scalar value constructors
222 =item List value constructors
226 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
234 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
244 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
246 =item The Arrow Operator
248 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
252 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
254 =item Binding Operators
256 =item Multiplicative Operators
258 =item Additive Operators
260 =item Shift Operators
262 =item Named Unary Operators
264 =item Relational Operators
266 =item Equality Operators
270 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
272 =item C-style Logical And
274 =item C-style Logical Or
276 =item Range Operators
278 =item Conditional Operator
280 =item Assignment Operators
284 =item List Operators (Rightward)
290 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
292 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
294 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
296 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
298 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
300 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
301 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
302 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
303 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
305 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
307 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
308 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
309 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
310 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
315 =item Constant Folding
317 =item Bitwise String Operators
319 =item Integer Arithmetic
321 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
329 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
339 =item Private Variables via my()
341 =item Persistent Private Variables
343 =item Temporary Values via local()
345 =item Lvalue subroutines
347 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
349 =item When to Still Use local()
351 =item Pass by Reference
355 =item Constant Functions
357 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
361 =item Subroutine Attributes
369 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
377 =item Perl Functions by Category
379 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
380 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
381 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
382 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
383 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
384 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
385 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
386 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
387 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
388 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
393 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
395 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
396 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
397 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
398 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
399 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
400 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
401 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
402 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
403 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
404 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
405 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
406 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
407 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
408 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
409 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
410 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
411 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
412 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
413 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
414 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
415 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
416 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
417 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
418 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
419 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
420 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
421 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
422 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
423 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
424 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
425 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
426 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST,
427 open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR
428 : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
429 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
430 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
431 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
432 qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
433 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
434 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
435 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
436 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
437 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
438 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
439 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
440 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
441 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
442 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
443 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
444 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
445 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
446 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
447 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
448 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
449 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
450 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
451 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
452 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
453 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
454 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
455 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
456 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
457 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
458 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
459 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
460 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
461 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
462 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
463 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
464 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
465 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
466 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
472 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
478 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
486 =item Making References
488 =item Using References
506 =item Distribution Conditions
512 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
518 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
519 more elaborate constructs
523 =item COMMON MISTAKES
525 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
527 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
533 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
537 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
539 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
541 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
545 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
549 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
551 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
553 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
557 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
561 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
563 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
565 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
569 =item HASHES OF HASHES
573 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
575 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
577 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
581 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
585 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
587 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
589 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
601 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
611 =item Simple word matching
613 =item Using character classes
615 =item Matching this or that
617 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
619 =item Extracting matches
621 =item Matching repetitions
625 =item Search and replace
627 =item The split operator
635 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
639 =item Acknowledgments
645 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
653 =item Verbatim Paragraph
655 =item Command Paragraph
657 =item Ordinary Block of Text
661 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
663 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
673 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
681 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
699 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
701 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
702 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
703 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
704 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
706 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
708 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
709 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
710 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
714 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
716 =item Numerical Traps
718 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
720 =item General data type traps
722 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
723 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
725 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
727 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
729 =item Precedence Traps
731 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
734 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
736 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
737 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
740 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
742 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
748 =item Interpolation Traps
750 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
751 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
757 =item Unclassified Traps
759 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
766 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
776 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
778 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
780 =item Location of Perl
782 =item Command Switches
784 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
785 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
786 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
787 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
788 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
789 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
796 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
797 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
798 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
802 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
810 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
818 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
820 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
822 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
826 =item Backward Compatibility
828 =item Category Hierarchy
832 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
844 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
852 =item Looking at data and -w and w
856 =item Stepping through code
858 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
860 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
878 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
884 =item The Perl Debugger
888 =item Debugger Commands
890 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
891 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
892 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
893 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
894 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
895 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
896 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
897 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
898 cmd, @ file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man
901 =item Configurable Options
903 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
904 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
905 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
906 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
907 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
908 C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
910 =item Debugger input/output
912 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
915 =item Debugging compile-time statements
917 =item Debugger Customization
919 =item Readline Support
921 =item Editor Support for Debugging
923 =item The Perl Profiler
927 =item Debugging regular expressions
929 =item Debugging memory usage
937 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
945 =item Predefined Names
947 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
948 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
949 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
950 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
951 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
952 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
953 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
954 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
955 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
956 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
957 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
958 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
959 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
960 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
961 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
962 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
963 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
964 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
965 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
966 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR,
967 $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID,
968 $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID,
969 $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $],
970 $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H,
971 $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04,
972 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
973 $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION,
974 $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS},
975 $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV,
976 $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
978 =item Error Indicators
980 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
988 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
996 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
998 =item Growing Your Own
1000 =item Access and Printing
1012 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1018 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1026 =item The Minus File
1028 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1034 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1038 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1042 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1046 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1048 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1050 =item Paths as Opens
1052 =item Single Argument Open
1054 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1058 =item Other I/O Issues
1062 =item Opening Non-File Files
1072 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1078 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1084 =item Part 1: The basics
1088 =item Simple word matching
1090 =item Using character classes
1092 =item Matching this or that
1094 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1096 =item Extracting matches
1098 =item Matching repetitions
1100 =item Building a regexp
1102 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1106 =item Part 2: Power tools
1110 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1112 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1114 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1116 =item Non-capturing groupings
1118 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1120 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1122 =item Conditional expressions
1124 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1126 =item Pragmas and debugging
1134 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1138 =item Acknowledgments
1144 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1154 =item Regular Expressions
1156 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1158 =item Extended Patterns
1160 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1161 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1162 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1163 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1167 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1169 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1171 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1173 =item Combining pieces together
1175 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1176 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1177 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1178 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1180 =item Creating custom RE engines
1190 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1200 =item Making References
1202 =item Using References
1204 =item Symbolic references
1206 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1208 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1210 =item Function Templates
1220 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1228 =item Format Variables
1238 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1246 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1254 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1256 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1258 =item Invoking a barnyard
1260 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1262 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1264 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1266 =item A few notes about @ISA
1268 =item Overriding the methods
1270 =item Starting the search from a different place
1272 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1274 =item Where we're at so far...
1276 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1278 =item Invoking an instance method
1280 =item Accessing the instance data
1282 =item How to build a horse
1284 =item Inheriting the constructor
1286 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1288 =item Adding parameters to a method
1290 =item More interesting instances
1292 =item A horse of a different color
1304 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1310 =item Creating a Class
1314 =item Object Representation
1316 =item Class Interface
1318 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1320 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1324 =item Other Object Methods
1332 =item Accessing Class Data
1334 =item Debugging Methods
1336 =item Class Destructors
1338 =item Documenting the Interface
1348 =item Overridden Methods
1350 =item Multiple Inheritance
1352 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1356 =item Alternate Object Representations
1360 =item Arrays as Objects
1362 =item Closures as Objects
1366 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1370 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1372 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1376 =item Metaclassical Tools
1382 =item Data Members as Variables
1390 =item Object Terminology
1396 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1402 =item Acknowledgments
1408 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1414 =item Class Data in a Can
1416 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1420 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1422 =item Inheritance Concerns
1424 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1426 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1428 =item Monadic Classes
1430 =item Translucent Attributes
1434 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1438 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1440 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1442 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1444 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1446 =item Translucency Revisited
1454 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1456 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1462 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1470 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1472 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1474 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1476 =item Method Invocation
1478 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1480 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1482 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1488 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1496 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1502 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1504 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1506 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1508 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1510 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1512 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1514 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1516 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1518 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1520 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1526 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1538 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1543 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1544 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1545 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1546 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1551 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1552 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1553 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1555 =item Tying FileHandles
1557 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1558 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1563 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1575 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1576 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1592 =item Using open() for IPC
1598 =item Background Processes
1600 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1602 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1604 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1606 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1610 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1614 =item Internet Line Terminators
1616 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1618 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1622 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1626 =item A Simple Client
1628 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1630 =item A Webget Client
1632 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1636 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1638 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1640 =item UDP: Message Passing
1654 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1664 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1666 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1667 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1668 files, directories and network sockets
1670 =item Resource limits
1672 =item Killing the parent process
1674 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1676 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1678 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1679 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1680 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1692 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1700 =item Storing numbers
1702 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1704 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1706 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1707 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1708 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1717 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1725 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1731 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1733 =item Threaded Program Models
1745 =item Native threads
1747 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1749 =item Threadsafe Modules
1755 =item Basic Thread Support
1757 =item Creating Threads
1759 =item Giving up control
1761 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1763 =item Errors In Threads
1765 =item Ignoring A Thread
1769 =item Threads And Data
1773 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1775 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1777 =item Controlling access: lock()
1779 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1781 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1785 =item Threads And Code
1789 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1791 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1793 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1795 =item Subroutine Locks
1799 =item Locking A Subroutine
1803 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1807 =item What Thread Am I In?
1811 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1813 =item What Threads Are Running?
1817 =item A Complete Example
1825 =item Introductory Texts
1827 =item OS-Related References
1829 =item Other References
1833 =item Acknowledgements
1841 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1847 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1856 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1858 =item Files and Filesystems
1860 =item System Interaction
1862 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1864 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1866 =item Standard Modules
1870 =item Character sets and character encoding
1872 =item Internationalisation
1874 =item System Resources
1884 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1885 http://testers.cpan.org/
1893 =item DOS and Derivatives
1901 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1909 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1913 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1915 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1916 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1917 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1918 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1919 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1920 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1921 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1922 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1923 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1924 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1925 endprotoent, endservent, exit EXPR, exit, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,
1926 glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
1927 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
1928 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
1929 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
1930 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
1931 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1932 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1933 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1934 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1935 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1936 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1937 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1938 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1939 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1945 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
1946 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
1947 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
1948 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
1949 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
1950 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
1952 =item Supported Platforms
1956 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1962 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1969 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1975 =item The use locale pragma
1977 =item The setlocale function
1979 =item Finding locales
1981 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1983 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1985 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1987 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1989 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1991 =item The localeconv function
1993 =item I18N::Langinfo
1997 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2001 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2003 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2005 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2007 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2011 =item Other categories
2019 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2020 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2026 =item Backward compatibility
2028 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2030 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2032 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2034 =item Freely available locale definitions
2038 =item An imperfect standard
2046 =item Broken systems
2056 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2064 =item Important Caveats
2066 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2067 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2069 =item Byte and Character semantics
2071 =item Effects of character semantics
2077 =item Character encodings for input and output
2083 =item UNICODE REGULAR EXPRESSION SUPPORT LEVEL
2089 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2095 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2103 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2107 =item 13 variant characters
2115 =item Unicode and UTF
2119 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2121 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2123 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2137 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2139 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2141 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2143 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2151 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2153 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2155 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2157 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2161 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2165 =item URL decoding and encoding
2167 =item uu encoding and decoding
2169 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2171 =item Caesarian ciphers
2175 =item Hashing order and checksums
2179 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2191 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2211 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2219 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2221 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2223 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2227 =item Protecting Your Programs
2235 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2247 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2253 =item Making your module threadsafe
2261 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2271 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2272 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2286 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2292 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2296 =item Pragmatic Modules
2298 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2299 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2300 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, threads, utf8, vars, warnings,
2303 =item Standard Modules
2305 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2306 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2307 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2308 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2309 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2310 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2311 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2312 Dumpvalue, Encode, Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env,
2313 Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant,
2314 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2315 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
2316 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
2317 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
2318 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
2319 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
2320 File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2321 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2322 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2323 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate,
2324 I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
2325 Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
2326 Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
2327 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2328 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
2329 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
2330 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Saves, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2331 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2332 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2333 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2334 PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX,
2335 Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select,
2336 Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap,
2337 Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
2338 Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
2339 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Test::More,
2340 Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
2341 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array,
2342 Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash,
2343 Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL,
2344 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Unicode::UCD, User::grent,
2347 =item Extension Modules
2359 =item Central America
2371 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2375 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2377 Adding a Copyright Notice
2379 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2381 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2389 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2395 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2399 =item Before you start
2407 =item Release considerations
2411 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2415 =item Has it been done before?
2417 =item Do one thing and do it well
2419 =item What's in a name?
2423 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2427 =item To OO or not to OO?
2429 =item Designing your API
2431 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2432 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2435 =item Strictness and warnings
2437 =item Backwards compatibility
2439 =item Error handling and messages
2443 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2449 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2453 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2457 =item Version numbering
2459 =item Pre-requisites
2469 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2473 =item Reinventing the wheel
2475 =item Trying to do too much
2477 =item Inappropriate documentation
2483 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2484 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2490 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2500 =item What should I make into a module?
2502 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2504 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2506 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2508 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2509 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2510 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2512 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2514 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2515 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2525 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.1 $, $Date:
2526 2001/09/20 03:03:00 $)
2536 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2538 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2540 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2542 =item What is perl6?
2544 =item How stable is Perl?
2546 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2548 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2551 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2553 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2555 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2557 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2559 =item What is a JAPH?
2561 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2563 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2564 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2568 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2572 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.2 $,
2573 $Date: 2001/10/16 13:27:22 $)
2581 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2583 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2585 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2587 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2590 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2591 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2593 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2594 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2596 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2598 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2600 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2602 =item Where should I post source code?
2606 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2608 =item Perl in Magazines
2610 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2612 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2614 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2616 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2618 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2620 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2624 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2628 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2001/10/17
2637 =item How do I do (anything)?
2639 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2641 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2643 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2645 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2647 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2649 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2651 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2653 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2655 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2656 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2657 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2659 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2661 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2663 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2665 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2667 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2669 =item What is undump?
2671 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2673 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2675 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
2676 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
2678 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2680 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2682 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2684 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2686 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2688 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2690 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2692 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2694 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2696 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2698 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2700 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2701 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2703 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2706 =item What's MakeMaker?
2710 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2714 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2001/10/12
2725 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2726 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2728 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2730 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2733 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2735 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2737 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2739 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2741 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2743 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2751 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2753 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2755 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2757 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2759 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2761 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2763 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2771 =item How do I validate input?
2773 =item How do I unescape a string?
2775 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2777 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2779 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2781 =item How do I reverse a string?
2783 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2785 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2787 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2789 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2791 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2794 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2796 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2797 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2799 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2801 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2803 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2805 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2807 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2809 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2811 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2813 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2814 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2823 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2825 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2827 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2831 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
2834 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2835 intersection of two arrays?
2837 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2839 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2841 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2843 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2845 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2847 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2849 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2851 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2853 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2855 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2857 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2861 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2865 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2867 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2870 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2872 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2874 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2876 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2878 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2880 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2882 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2884 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2886 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2888 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2890 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2893 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2894 array of hashes or arrays?
2896 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2904 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2906 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2908 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2910 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2912 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2914 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2916 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2920 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2924 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date: 2001/10/16
2933 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2935 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2936 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2938 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2940 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2942 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2944 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2945 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2947 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2949 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2951 =item How can I write() into a string?
2953 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2955 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2957 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2959 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2961 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2963 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2965 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2967 =item How can I lock a file?
2969 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2971 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2972 the file. How can I do this?
2974 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
2975 file. Do I still have to use locking?
2977 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2979 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2981 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2983 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2985 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2987 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2989 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2991 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2993 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2995 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2997 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2999 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
3000 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3002 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3004 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3005 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3007 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3009 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3013 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3017 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date: 2001/10/16 13:27:22 $)
3025 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3026 and unmaintainable code?
3028 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3030 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3032 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3035 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3037 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3040 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3042 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3044 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3046 =item What is C</o> really for?
3048 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3051 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3053 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3055 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3057 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3059 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3061 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3063 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3065 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3067 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3069 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3071 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3073 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3075 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3079 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3083 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.2 $, $Date: 2001/10/16
3092 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3094 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3097 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3100 =item How do I skip some return values?
3102 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3104 =item What's an extension?
3106 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3108 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3110 =item How do I create a module?
3112 =item How do I create a class?
3114 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3116 =item What's a closure?
3118 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3120 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3123 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3126 =item How do I create a static variable?
3128 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3129 Between local() and my()?
3131 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3134 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3136 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3138 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3140 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3142 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3144 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3146 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3148 =item How can I find out my current package?
3150 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3152 =item How do I clear a package?
3154 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3158 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3162 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.2 $, $Date: 2001/10/16
3171 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3173 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3175 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3177 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3179 =item How do I print something out in color?
3181 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3183 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3185 =item How do I clear the screen?
3187 =item How do I get the screen size?
3189 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3191 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3193 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3195 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3197 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3199 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3201 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3203 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3205 =item How do I set the time and date?
3207 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3209 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3211 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3213 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3214 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3216 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3218 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3220 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3222 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3224 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3226 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3228 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3230 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3232 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3234 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3237 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3239 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3241 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3243 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3246 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3247 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3248 changes to be visible?
3252 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3255 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3257 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3259 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3261 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3263 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3265 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3267 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3269 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3271 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3273 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3275 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3277 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3280 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3282 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3286 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3290 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date: 2001/10/16 13:27:22
3299 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3301 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3304 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3306 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3308 =item How do I extract URLs?
3310 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3311 file on another machine?
3313 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3315 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3317 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3319 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3321 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3323 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3325 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3327 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3328 CGI script to do bad things?
3330 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3332 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3334 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3336 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3338 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3340 =item How do I send mail?
3342 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3344 =item How do I read mail?
3346 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3348 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3350 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3352 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3356 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3360 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3370 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3374 =item Using The Back Ends
3378 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3382 =item The Decompiling Back End
3384 =item The Lint Back End
3386 =item The Simple C Back End
3388 =item The Bytecode Back End
3390 =item The Optimized C Back End
3392 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3393 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3394 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3398 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3404 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3414 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3415 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3419 =item Compiling your C program
3421 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3423 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3425 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3427 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3429 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3431 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3433 =item Execution of END blocks
3435 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3437 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3442 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3452 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3458 =item Debugger Internals
3462 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3466 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3468 =item Debugging regular expressions
3472 =item Compile-time output
3474 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3475 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3476 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3479 =item Types of nodes
3481 =item Run-time output
3485 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3489 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3491 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3492 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3495 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3497 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3499 =item B<-DL> details
3503 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3511 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3523 =item Version caveat
3525 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3537 =item What has gone on?
3539 =item Writing good test scripts
3543 =item What's new here?
3545 =item Input and Output Parameters
3547 =item The XSUBPP Program
3549 =item The TYPEMAP file
3551 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3555 =item What has happened here?
3557 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3559 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3561 =item More about XSUB arguments
3563 =item The Argument Stack
3565 =item Extending your Extension
3567 =item Documenting your Extension
3569 =item Installing your Extension
3573 =item New Things in this Example
3577 =item New Things in this Example
3579 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3581 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3583 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3585 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3601 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3613 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3615 =item The Argument Stack
3617 =item The RETVAL Variable
3619 =item The MODULE Keyword
3621 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3623 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3625 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3627 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3629 =item The CODE: Keyword
3631 =item The INIT: Keyword
3633 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3635 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3637 =item Default Parameter Values
3639 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3641 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3643 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3645 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3647 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3649 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3651 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3653 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3655 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3657 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3659 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3661 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3663 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3665 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3667 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3669 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3671 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3673 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3675 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3677 =item The CASE: Keyword
3679 =item The & Unary Operator
3681 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3683 =item Using XS With C++
3685 =item Interface Strategy
3687 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3701 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3711 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3713 =item File Operations
3715 =item File Input and Output
3717 =item File Positioning
3719 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3721 =item Character Class Tests
3723 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3725 =item Miscellaneous functions
3733 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3745 =item What is an "IV"?
3747 =item Working with SVs
3751 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3753 =item Working with AVs
3755 =item Working with HVs
3757 =item Hash API Extensions
3761 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3763 =item Creating New Variables
3765 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3767 =item Stashes and Globs
3769 =item Double-Typed SVs
3771 =item Magic Variables
3773 =item Assigning Magic
3775 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3779 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3781 =item Localizing changes
3783 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3784 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3785 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3786 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3787 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3788 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3789 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3790 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3791 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3792 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3800 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3802 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3804 =item Memory Allocation
3808 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3812 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3822 =item Examining the tree
3824 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3826 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3828 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3830 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3832 =item Pluggable runops
3836 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3838 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3842 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3844 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3846 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3848 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3850 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3854 =item Internal Functions
3856 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3860 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3862 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3864 =item Source Documentation
3868 =item Unicode Support
3872 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3874 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3876 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3878 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3880 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3882 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3886 =item Custom Operators
3894 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3900 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3902 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3904 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3924 =item Determining the Context
3928 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3934 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3936 =item Passing Parameters
3938 =item Returning a Scalar
3940 =item Returning a list of values
3942 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3944 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3948 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3952 =item Using call_argv
3954 =item Using call_method
3958 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3960 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3962 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3963 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3966 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3968 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3980 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3990 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3991 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3992 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3993 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3997 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3999 =item Administration
4001 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4005 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4006 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4014 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4024 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4026 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4028 B<Decryption Filters>
4030 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4032 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4034 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4046 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4054 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4055 B<filter_fetch_value>
4061 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4063 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4073 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4079 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4080 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4081 ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
4082 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK,
4083 dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
4084 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, getcwd_sv, get_av, get_cv, get_hv,
4085 get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number,
4086 grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
4087 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD,
4088 G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV,
4089 HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete,
4090 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4091 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4092 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
4093 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
4094 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
4095 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
4096 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, NEWSV, newSViv,
4097 newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv,
4098 newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
4099 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_clone, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free,
4100 perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef,
4101 PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK,
4102 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL,
4103 Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, scan_bin, scan_hex, scan_oct,
4104 sharedsv_find, sharedsv_init, sharedsv_lock, sharedsv_new,
4105 sharedsv_thrcnt_dec, sharedsv_thrcnt_inc, sharedsv_unlock, sortsv, SP,
4106 SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE,
4107 StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp,
4108 SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV,
4109 SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp,
4110 SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK,
4111 SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4112 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4113 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX,
4114 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4115 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV,
4116 SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4117 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV,
4118 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
4119 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool, sv_2cv,
4120 sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4121 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4122 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4123 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4124 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec,
4125 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free,
4126 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
4127 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
4128 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
4129 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
4130 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset,
4131 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
4132 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
4133 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
4134 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
4135 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref,
4136 sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
4137 sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
4138 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER,
4139 toUPPER, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
4140 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
4141 uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN,
4142 XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV,
4143 XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV,
4144 XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
4152 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4159 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
4160 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena,
4161 sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4169 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4179 =item History and Background
4181 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4183 =item Data Structures
4185 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
4186 data for a particular handle
4188 =item Functions and Attributes
4190 =item Per-instance Data
4192 =item Layers in action.
4194 =item Per-instance flag bits
4196 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4197 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4198 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4199 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4201 =item Methods in Detail
4203 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4204 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4205 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
4206 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
4207 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
4208 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
4209 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4210 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4211 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4212 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
4213 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
4214 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
4215 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
4216 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4220 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4222 =item Extension Layers
4224 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4230 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4238 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4239 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4240 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4241 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4242 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4243 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4244 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4245 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4246 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4247 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4248 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4252 =item Co-existence with stdio
4254 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4255 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4257 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4259 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4260 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4261 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4262 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4264 =item Other Functions
4266 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4267 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4273 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4279 =item To do during 5.6.x
4283 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4285 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4287 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4289 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4291 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4295 =item use Thread for iThreads
4297 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4299 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4301 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4303 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4305 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4307 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4309 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4311 =item Complete signal handling
4313 =item Out-of-source builds
4315 =item POSIX realtime support
4317 =item UNIX98 support
4321 =item Long double conversion
4325 =item Thread-safe regexes
4327 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4329 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4331 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4333 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4335 =item Custom opcodes
4337 =item spawnvp() on Win32
4339 =item DLL Versioning
4341 =item Introduce @( and @)
4343 =item Floating point handling
4345 =item IV/UV preservation
4347 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4349 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4351 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4353 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4355 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4357 =item Document Win32 choices
4359 =item Check new modules
4361 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4365 =item To do at some point
4369 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4371 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4373 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4375 =item bitfields in pack
4377 =item Cross compilation
4379 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4381 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4383 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4385 =item -i rename file when changed
4387 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4389 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4391 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4393 =item my sub foo { }
4395 =item One-pass global destruction
4397 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4399 =item Cache recently used regexps
4401 =item Re-entrant functions
4403 =item Cross-compilation support
4405 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4407 =item debugger pragma
4409 =item use less pragma
4411 =item switch structures
4413 =item Cache eval tree
4417 =item Shrink opcode tables
4419 =item Optimize away @_
4421 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4425 =item Prototype method calls
4427 =item Return context prototype declarations
4431 =item Garbage collection
4435 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4437 =item Rewrite perldoc
4439 =item Install .3p manpages
4441 =item Unicode tutorial
4443 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4445 =item Retargetable installation
4447 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4449 =item Rename Win32 headers
4451 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4453 =item Update sprintf documentation
4455 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4463 =item ref() in list context
4465 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4467 =item Compile to real threaded code
4469 =item Structured types
4471 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4473 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4477 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4479 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4483 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4485 =item Constant function cache
4487 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4495 =item Update guts documentation
4497 =item Add more tests
4499 =item Update auxiliary tools
4503 =item Recently done things
4507 =item Safe signal handling
4513 =item setitimer and getimiter
4515 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4517 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4519 =item Explicit switch statements
4527 =item perlcc to produce executable
4529 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4531 =item Secure temporary file module
4533 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4535 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4537 =item Mmap for input
4539 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4541 =item Add sockatmark support
4543 =item Mailing list archives
4547 =item Integrate MacPerl
4549 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4551 =item Regular expression tutorial
4553 =item Debugging Tutorial
4555 =item Integrate new modules
4557 =item Integrate profiler
4559 =item Y2K error detection
4561 =item Regular expression debugger
4565 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4567 =item Cache precompiled modules
4571 =item Deprecated Wishes
4575 =item Loop control on do{}
4577 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4583 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4585 =item Named prototypes
4587 =item Built-in globbing
4589 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4591 =item Cached hash values
4593 =item Add compression modules
4595 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4597 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4599 =item Make XS easier to use
4601 =item Make embedding easier to use
4605 =item my $Package::variable
4607 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4609 =item "class"-based lexicals
4613 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4615 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4617 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4619 =item Create debugging macros
4625 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4631 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4632 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4633 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4634 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4635 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4636 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4637 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4641 =item Keeping in sync
4643 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4644 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4646 =item Why rsync the source tree
4648 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
4650 =item Why rsync the patches
4652 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4653 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4655 =item Submitting patches
4657 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4658 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4660 =item Finding Your Way Around
4662 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4664 =item Elements of the interpreter
4666 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4668 =item Internal Variable Types
4674 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4676 =item Millions of Macros
4678 =item Poking at Perl
4680 =item Using a source-level debugger
4682 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4683 finish, 'enter', print
4685 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4689 =item Patching a core module
4691 =item Adding a new function to the core
4693 =item Writing a test
4695 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
4696 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>
4700 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4704 =item Rational Software's Purify
4706 =item Purify on Unix
4708 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4712 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4714 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4716 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4720 =item Gprof Profiling
4722 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4724 =item GCC gcov Profiling
4726 =item Pixie Profiling
4728 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4733 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4741 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4749 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4761 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4763 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4767 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4771 =head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0
4777 =item Reporting Bugs
4785 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
4791 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4793 =item Incompatible Changes
4797 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
4799 =item AIX Dynaloading
4801 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
4803 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
4809 =item Core Enhancements
4811 =item Modules and Pragmata
4815 =item New Modules and Distributions
4817 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4821 =item Utility Changes
4823 =item New Documentation
4825 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4829 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4831 =item Generic Improvements
4835 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4839 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4843 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4845 =item Source Code Enhancements
4849 =item MAGIC constants
4851 =item Better commented code
4853 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
4861 =item Known Problems
4867 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
4869 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4871 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
4873 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configur
4875 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
4877 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4881 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
4883 =item Failure of Thread tests
4893 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4895 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4897 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
4899 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4901 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4903 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
4907 =item Reporting Bugs
4915 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
4921 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4923 =item Incompatible Changes
4925 =item Core Enhancements
4929 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
4931 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
4933 =item Signals Are Now Safe
4937 =item Modules and Pragmata
4943 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4947 =item Performance Enhancements
4949 =item Utility Changes
4951 =item New Documentation
4967 =item README.solaris
4971 =item Porting/repository.pod
4975 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4979 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4981 =item Generic Improvements
4983 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
4984 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
4985 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
4989 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4993 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4997 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4999 =item Changed Internals
5003 =item Known Problems
5007 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5009 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5011 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5013 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5017 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5019 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5021 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5023 =item Failure of Thread tests
5025 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5027 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5029 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5031 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5035 =item Reporting Bugs
5043 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5049 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5051 =item Incompatible Changes
5053 =item Core Enhancements
5055 =item Modules and Pragmata
5061 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5065 =item Utility Changes
5067 =item New Documentation
5069 =item Performance Enhancements
5071 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5075 =item Generic Improvements
5079 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5083 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5087 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5089 =item Changed Internals
5091 =item Known Problems
5095 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5097 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5099 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5101 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5103 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5105 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5107 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5109 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5111 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5113 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5117 =item Reporting Bugs
5125 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
5131 =item Core Enhancements
5135 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5137 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5139 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5141 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5143 =item "our" declarations
5145 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5147 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5149 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5151 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5153 =item open() with more than two arguments
5155 =item 64-bit support
5157 =item Large file support
5163 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5165 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5167 =item File globbing implemented internally
5169 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5171 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5173 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5175 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5177 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5179 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5181 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5183 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5185 =item Comments in pack() templates
5187 =item Weak references
5189 =item Binary numbers supported
5191 =item Lvalue subroutines
5193 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5195 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5197 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5199 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5201 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5203 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5205 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5207 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5209 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5211 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5213 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5215 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5217 =item Improved diagnostics
5219 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5221 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5223 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5225 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5227 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5229 =item Improved security features
5231 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5233 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5235 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5237 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5239 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5241 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5243 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5247 =item Modules and Pragmata
5253 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5254 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5255 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5256 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5257 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5258 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5259 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5260 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5266 =item Utility Changes
5280 =item The Perl Debugger
5284 =item Improved Documentation
5286 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5287 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5288 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5289 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5291 =item Performance enhancements
5295 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5297 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5299 =item Faster subroutine calls
5301 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5305 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5309 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5311 =item New Configure flags
5313 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5319 =item -Duselargefiles
5321 =item installusrbinperl
5327 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5331 =item Platform specific changes
5335 =item Supported platforms
5339 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5347 =item Significant bug fixes
5351 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5353 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5355 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5357 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5359 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5361 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5363 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5365 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5367 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5369 =item Locale bugs fixed
5373 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5375 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5377 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5379 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5383 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5385 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5386 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5387 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5388 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5389 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5390 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5391 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5392 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5393 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5394 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5395 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5396 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5397 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5398 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5399 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5400 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5401 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5402 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5403 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5404 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5405 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5406 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5407 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5408 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5409 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5410 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5411 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5412 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5413 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5414 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5415 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5416 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5417 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5418 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5419 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5420 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5421 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5422 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5423 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5424 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5425 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5426 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5427 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5428 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5429 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5430 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5431 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5432 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5433 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5434 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5438 =item Incompatible Changes
5442 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5444 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5445 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5446 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5447 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5448 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5449 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5450 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5451 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5452 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5453 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5454 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5456 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5458 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5460 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5462 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5464 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5468 =item Known Problems
5472 =item Thread test failures
5474 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5476 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5478 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5480 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5483 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5485 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5487 =item Experimental features
5489 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5490 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5491 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5495 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5497 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5498 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5499 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5500 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5502 =item Reporting Bugs
5510 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5516 =item About the new versioning system
5518 =item Incompatible Changes
5522 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5524 =item Default installation structure has changed
5526 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5528 =item C Source Compatibility
5530 =item Binary Compatibility
5532 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5534 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5548 =item Regular Expressions
5550 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5551 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5552 improvements, Incompatible changes
5554 =item Improved malloc()
5556 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5558 =item Reliable signals
5560 =item Reliable stack pointers
5562 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5566 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5568 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5570 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5572 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5574 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5576 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5578 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5580 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5582 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5584 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5586 =item Better locale support
5588 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5590 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5592 =item Extended support for exception handling
5594 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5596 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5598 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5600 =item New C<lock> keyword
5602 =item New C<qr//> operator
5604 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5606 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5608 =item Tied handles support is better
5610 =item 4th argument to substr
5612 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5614 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5616 =item <> now reads in records
5620 =item Supported Platforms
5626 =item Changes in existing support
5630 =item Modules and Pragmata
5636 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5637 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5638 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5640 =item Changes in existing modules
5642 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5643 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5647 =item Utility Changes
5649 =item Documentation Changes
5651 =item New Diagnostics
5653 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5654 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5655 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5656 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5657 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5658 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5659 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5660 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5661 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5662 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5663 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5664 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5665 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5666 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5667 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5668 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5669 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5671 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5673 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5674 temporary file, regexp too big
5676 =item Configuration Changes
5686 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5692 =item Supported Environments
5698 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5700 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5702 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5704 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5706 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5708 =item More precise warnings
5710 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5712 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5714 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5716 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5718 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5720 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5722 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5724 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5726 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5728 =item Changes to tainting checks
5730 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5731 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5733 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5735 =item Embedding improvements
5737 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5739 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5741 =item New and changed syntax
5745 =item New and changed builtin constants
5749 =item New and changed builtin variables
5753 =item New and changed builtin functions
5755 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5756 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5757 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5758 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5759 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5761 =item New builtin methods
5763 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5765 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5767 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5768 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5770 =item Malloc enhancements
5772 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5774 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5778 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5794 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5795 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5801 =item Required Updates
5803 =item Installation directories
5805 =item Module information summary
5819 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5823 =item Utility Changes
5829 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5833 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5837 =item C Language API Changes
5839 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5842 =item Documentation Changes
5844 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5845 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5847 =item New Diagnostics
5849 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5850 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5851 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5852 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5853 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5854 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5855 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5856 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5857 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5858 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5859 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5860 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5861 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5862 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5863 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5864 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5865 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5866 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5867 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5868 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5869 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5870 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5871 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5872 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5873 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5883 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5891 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5895 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5897 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5899 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5901 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5907 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
5917 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
5927 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5941 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
5943 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5945 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5947 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5953 =item Accessing documentation
5957 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
5959 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
5961 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
5963 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
5967 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
5971 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
5973 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
5975 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
5977 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
5979 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
5989 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
5997 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
5999 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
6003 =item Contact Information
6009 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
6019 =item gzip on BS2000
6021 =item bison on BS2000
6023 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
6025 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
6027 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
6029 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
6031 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
6033 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
6035 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
6069 =item Acknowledgements
6075 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
6081 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
6085 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
6087 =item Cygwin Configuration
6089 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
6093 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
6097 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
6099 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
6101 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
6102 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
6104 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
6106 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
6107 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
6109 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
6111 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
6115 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
6119 =item Warnings on Cygwin
6125 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
6129 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
6131 =item Hard Links on Cygwin
6133 =item Filetime Granularity on Cygwin
6135 =item Tainting Checks on Cygwin
6137 =item /etc/group on Cygwin
6139 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
6141 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
6145 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
6147 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
6149 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
6150 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
6152 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
6160 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
6172 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
6176 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
6178 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
6180 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
6182 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
6192 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
6200 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
6202 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
6204 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
6206 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
6210 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
6212 =item PATH Names on Epoc
6214 =item Editors on Epoc
6216 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
6218 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
6220 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
6224 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
6232 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
6241 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
6243 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
6255 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
6257 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
6259 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
6261 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
6263 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
6265 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
6267 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
6269 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
6271 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
6273 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
6275 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
6279 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
6287 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
6295 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
6303 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
6312 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
6314 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
6316 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
6318 =item Building external modules on MachTen
6328 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
6342 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
6348 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
6354 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
6362 =item What's New in Perl ffor MPE/iX
6364 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
6366 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
6368 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
6370 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
6372 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
6373 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
6375 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
6379 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
6381 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
6383 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
6385 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
6387 =item Perl/iX Change History
6403 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
6415 =item Build new extensions
6419 =item Acknowledgements
6427 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
6447 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
6449 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
6451 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
6455 =item Frequently asked questions
6459 =item "It does not work"
6461 =item I cannot run external programs
6463 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
6466 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
6469 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
6471 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
6479 =item Automatic binary installation
6481 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
6483 =item Manual binary installation
6485 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
6486 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
6487 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
6488 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
6489 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
6495 =item Accessing documentation
6499 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
6507 =item GNU C<info> files
6519 =item The short story
6523 =item Getting perl source
6525 =item Application of the patches
6533 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
6536 =item Installing the built perl
6538 =item C<a.out>-style build
6546 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
6548 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
6550 =item Problems with tr or sed
6552 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
6554 =item Library ... not found
6556 =item Segfault in make
6558 =item op/sprintf test failure
6562 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
6566 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
6570 =item C<extproc> on the first line
6572 =item Additional modules:
6574 =item Prebuilt methods:
6576 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
6577 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
6578 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
6579 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
6580 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
6581 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
6582 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
6583 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
6584 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
6585 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
6586 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
6588 =item Prebuilt variables:
6590 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
6596 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
6599 =item Identifying DLLs
6601 =item Centralized management of resources
6617 =item F<perl___.exe>
6619 =item Why strange names?
6621 =item Why dynamic linking?
6623 =item Why chimera build?
6631 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6633 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6635 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6637 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6639 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6641 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6651 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
6653 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
6655 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
6658 =item DLL forwarder generation
6662 =item Calls to external programs
6664 =item Memory allocation
6668 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6684 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6694 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
6696 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
6698 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
6700 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
6702 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6704 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6706 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6708 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
6710 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6712 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
6722 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
6730 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
6738 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
6740 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
6742 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
6744 =item QNX auxiliary files
6748 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
6756 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
6766 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
6768 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
6770 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
6772 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
6776 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
6780 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
6792 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6800 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6806 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6812 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
6814 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
6816 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
6820 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6824 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6826 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
6828 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6832 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6834 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6835 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6836 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6842 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
6844 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
6848 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
6850 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
6854 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
6858 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6860 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6864 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
6866 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
6868 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
6878 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
6879 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
6887 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
6889 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
6891 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
6893 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
6895 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
6897 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
6901 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
6907 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
6915 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
6917 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
6923 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6933 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
6935 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
6937 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
6939 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
6941 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
6951 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
6957 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6965 =item Organization of Perl Images
6971 =item Perl Extensions
6973 =item Installing static extensions
6975 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6979 =item File specifications
6985 =item Wildcard expansion
6991 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6997 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6999 =item Command line switches
7005 =item Perl functions
7007 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
7008 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
7009 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
7010 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
7012 =item Perl variables
7014 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
7016 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
7030 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
7038 =item Stratus POSIX Support
7042 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
7046 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
7048 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
7052 =item USING PERL IN VOS
7056 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
7058 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
7062 =item SUPPORT STATUS
7070 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
7072 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7084 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7094 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
7103 new, function, LIST, $threads->join, $threads->detach, threads->self,
7108 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
7111 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
7115 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
7116 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
7122 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
7132 =item Built-in Attributes
7134 locked, method, lvalue
7136 =item Available Subroutines
7140 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
7142 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
7144 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
7152 =item Default exports
7154 =item Available exports
7156 =item Export tags defined
7166 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7178 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
7194 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
7208 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
7222 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
7235 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
7244 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
7250 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
7262 =item List constants
7264 =item Defining multiple constants at once
7266 =item Magic constants
7270 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
7280 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
7291 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
7293 =item The I<splain> Program
7307 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
7321 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
7331 =item subpragma access
7337 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
7348 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
7358 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
7368 =item Adding directories to @INC
7370 =item Deleting directories from @INC
7372 =item Restoring original @INC
7382 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
7393 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
7401 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
7403 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
7409 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
7421 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
7431 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
7433 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
7435 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
7437 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
7439 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
7441 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
7443 =item Overloadable Operations
7445 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
7446 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
7447 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
7449 =item Inheritance and overloading
7451 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
7452 is inherited by derived classes
7456 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
7464 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
7466 =item Copy Constructor
7472 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
7474 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
7475 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
7476 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
7479 =item Losing overloading
7481 =item Run-time Overloading
7483 =item Public functions
7485 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
7487 =item Overloading constants
7489 integer, float, binary, q, qr
7491 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7493 =item Metaphor clash
7499 =item Two-face scalars
7501 =item Two-face references
7503 =item Symbolic calculator
7505 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
7513 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
7514 type, `%s' is not a code reference
7520 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7530 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
7542 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
7544 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
7548 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
7552 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
7560 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
7568 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
7572 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
7582 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
7591 new, function, LIST, $threads->join, $threads->detach, threads->self,
7596 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
7599 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
7603 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
7604 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
7610 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
7621 =item Utility functions
7623 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
7624 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
7632 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
7642 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
7650 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
7651 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
7652 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
7653 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
7654 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
7658 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
7668 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
7670 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
7680 =item DBM Comparisons
7690 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
7700 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
7704 =item Typed lexicals
7706 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
7708 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
7710 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
7712 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
7720 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
7721 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
7722 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
7723 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>
7733 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
7743 =item Subroutine Stubs
7745 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7747 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7749 =item Package Lexicals
7751 =item Not Using AutoLoader
7753 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
7763 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
7771 $keep, $check, $modtime
7775 =item Multiple packages
7783 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
7791 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
7795 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
7803 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
7817 =item B::PVMG METHODS
7821 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
7823 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
7825 =item B::PVLV METHODS
7827 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
7831 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
7835 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
7836 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
7840 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
7841 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
7845 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
7849 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
7854 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
7856 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
7860 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
7862 =item B::UNOP METHOD
7866 =item B::BINOP METHOD
7870 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
7874 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
7878 =item B::PMOP METHODS
7880 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
7882 =item B::SVOP METHOD
7886 =item B::PADOP METHOD
7890 =item B::PVOP METHOD
7894 =item B::LOOP METHODS
7896 redoop, nextop, lastop
7898 =item B::COP METHODS
7900 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
7904 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
7906 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
7907 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
7908 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
7909 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
7916 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
7929 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
7941 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7953 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7963 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7964 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7965 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7975 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7985 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7986 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7996 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
8006 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
8007 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
8008 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
8020 =item Context of ".."
8024 =item Deprecated features
8032 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
8042 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
8043 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
8044 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
8046 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
8048 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
8049 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
8050 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
8051 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
8052 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
8053 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
8054 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
8055 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
8061 =item OP flags abbreviations
8063 =item OP class abbreviations
8067 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
8073 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
8085 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
8095 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
8096 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
8098 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
8108 =item ambient_pragmas
8110 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
8122 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
8134 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
8142 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
8144 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
8145 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
8147 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
8157 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
8167 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8173 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
8185 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
8197 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
8199 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
8211 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
8221 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
8229 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
8241 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
8255 =item Standard Exports
8257 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
8258 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
8259 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
8261 =item Optional Exports
8263 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
8264 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
8265 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
8281 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
8285 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
8299 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
8309 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
8310 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
8311 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
8321 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
8333 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
8335 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
8337 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
8339 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
8341 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
8343 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
8345 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
8347 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
8349 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
8351 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
8353 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
8355 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
8357 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
8359 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
8361 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
8363 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
8365 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
8367 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
8368 B<:standard>, B<:all>
8372 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
8373 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
8376 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
8378 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
8379 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
8384 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
8388 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
8390 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
8392 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
8394 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
8396 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
8398 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
8400 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
8402 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
8403 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
8405 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
8409 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
8413 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
8415 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
8417 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
8419 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
8421 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
8423 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
8424 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
8426 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
8430 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
8434 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
8436 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
8438 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
8440 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
8444 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
8446 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
8448 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
8452 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
8454 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
8458 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
8462 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
8466 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
8470 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
8474 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
8476 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
8478 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
8482 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
8486 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
8492 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
8493 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
8495 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
8497 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
8498 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
8501 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
8507 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
8511 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
8513 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
8514 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
8515 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
8516 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
8517 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
8519 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
8521 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
8526 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
8528 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
8530 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
8531 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
8533 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
8535 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8539 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
8540 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
8541 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
8542 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
8543 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
8544 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
8545 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
8546 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
8547 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
8548 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
8549 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
8550 ...and many many more..
8552 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
8560 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
8570 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8578 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
8587 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
8589 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
8593 =item Changing the default message
8597 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
8607 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
8615 =item USING CGI::Cookie
8617 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
8621 =item Creating New Cookies
8623 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
8625 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
8627 =item Manipulating Cookies
8629 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
8633 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8641 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
8649 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
8651 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
8653 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
8655 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
8657 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
8659 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
8663 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8671 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
8681 =item Tags that won't be formatted
8683 =item Customizing the Indenting
8695 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
8703 =item USING CGI::Push
8705 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
8709 =item Heterogeneous Pages
8711 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
8715 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
8717 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8725 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
8735 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8743 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
8751 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8757 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
8767 =item Interactive Mode
8769 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
8770 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
8771 distribution, ls author, Signals
8779 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
8781 =item Programmer's interface
8783 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
8785 =item Methods in the other Classes
8787 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
8788 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
8789 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
8790 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
8791 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
8792 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
8793 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
8794 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
8795 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
8796 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
8797 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
8798 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
8799 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
8800 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
8801 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
8802 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
8803 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
8804 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
8805 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
8806 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
8807 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
8808 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
8809 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
8810 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
8811 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
8812 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
8820 =item Finding packages and VERSION
8824 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
8830 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
8831 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
8832 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
8833 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
8837 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
8839 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
8847 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
8849 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
8853 =item Three basic types of firewalls
8855 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
8857 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
8863 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
8875 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
8885 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
8898 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
8908 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
8916 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
8918 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
8928 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
8929 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
8930 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
8932 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
8940 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
8950 =item The C<struct()> function
8952 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
8954 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
8956 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
8957 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
8959 =item Initializing with C<new>
8965 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
8967 =item Author and Modification History
8971 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
8979 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8991 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8995 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
8996 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
8997 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
9002 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
9003 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
9007 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
9008 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
9009 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
9010 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
9011 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
9012 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
9016 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
9017 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
9018 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
9019 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
9020 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
9021 C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>,
9022 C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>,
9023 C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
9024 C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>,
9025 C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
9026 C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
9027 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
9028 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
9029 C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
9030 C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
9031 C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>,
9032 C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>,
9033 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
9034 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>,
9035 C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
9036 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
9037 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
9038 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
9039 C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>,
9040 C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
9041 C<d_htonl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
9042 C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>,
9043 C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
9044 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
9045 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
9046 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
9047 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
9048 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
9049 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
9050 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
9051 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
9052 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
9053 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
9054 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
9055 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
9056 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
9057 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
9058 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>,
9059 C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>,
9060 C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>,
9061 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>,
9062 C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>,
9063 C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>,
9064 C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
9065 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>,
9066 C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>,
9067 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>,
9068 C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>,
9069 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
9070 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>,
9071 C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>,
9072 C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>,
9073 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>,
9074 C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
9075 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
9076 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
9077 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
9078 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
9079 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>,
9080 C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>,
9081 C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>,
9082 C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
9083 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
9084 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
9085 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
9086 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
9087 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
9088 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>,
9089 C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
9090 C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>,
9091 C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
9092 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
9093 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
9097 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
9098 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
9102 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
9103 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
9108 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
9109 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
9113 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
9117 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
9118 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
9119 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_fp>,
9120 C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
9121 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
9122 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
9123 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
9124 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
9125 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
9126 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
9127 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
9128 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
9129 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
9130 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
9131 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
9132 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
9133 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
9134 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
9135 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
9136 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
9137 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
9138 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
9139 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
9140 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
9144 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
9148 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
9149 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
9150 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
9151 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
9152 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
9153 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
9157 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
9158 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
9159 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
9163 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
9164 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
9168 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
9169 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
9170 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
9171 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
9175 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
9176 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
9180 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
9181 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
9185 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
9186 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
9187 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
9188 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
9192 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
9196 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
9197 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
9201 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
9202 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
9203 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
9204 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
9205 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
9206 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
9207 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
9208 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
9209 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
9210 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
9211 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
9212 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
9213 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
9214 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
9218 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
9219 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
9223 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
9224 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
9225 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
9226 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
9227 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
9228 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
9229 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
9230 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
9231 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
9235 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
9236 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
9237 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
9238 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
9242 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
9246 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
9258 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
9268 =item getcwd and friends
9270 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
9272 =item abs_path and friends
9274 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
9286 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
9298 =item Global Variables
9300 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
9301 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
9306 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
9307 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
9309 =item Client Callback Methods
9311 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
9312 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
9313 CLIENT->output(LIST)
9323 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
9331 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
9335 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
9337 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
9339 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
9341 =item Default Parameters
9343 =item In Memory Databases
9351 =item A Simple Example
9359 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
9361 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
9363 =item The get_dup() Method
9365 =item The find_dup() Method
9367 =item The del_dup() Method
9369 =item Matching Partial Keys
9377 =item The 'bval' Option
9379 =item A Simple Example
9381 =item Extra RECNO Methods
9383 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
9384 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
9387 =item Another Example
9391 =item THE API INTERFACE
9393 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
9394 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
9395 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
9396 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
9400 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
9401 B<filter_fetch_value>
9407 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
9409 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
9413 =item HINTS AND TIPS
9417 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
9419 =item Safe ways to lock a database
9421 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
9423 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
9425 =item The untie() Gotcha
9429 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
9433 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
9435 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
9437 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
9439 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
9459 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
9460 printing and C<eval>
9472 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
9473 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
9474 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
9481 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
9483 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9484 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9485 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9486 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9487 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9488 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9489 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9490 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9491 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9492 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9493 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9494 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9495 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9496 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>)
9516 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
9524 =item PROFILE FORMAT
9536 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
9546 =item Memory footprint debugging
9554 =item A simple scalar string
9556 =item A simple scalar number
9558 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
9560 =item A reference to a simple scalar
9562 =item A reference to an array
9564 =item A reference to a hash
9566 =item Dumping a large array or hash
9568 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
9570 =item A reference to a subroutine
9584 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
9594 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
9602 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
9606 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
9607 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
9608 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
9616 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
9626 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
9630 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
9631 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
9643 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
9655 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
9667 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
9668 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
9669 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
9674 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
9675 veryCompact, set, get
9681 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
9689 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
9690 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
9691 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
9692 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
9699 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
9712 =head2 Encode - character encodings
9730 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
9732 =item Types of Encodings
9734 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
9735 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
9737 =item Specifying Encodings
9739 1. By name, 2. As an object
9741 =item Encoding Names
9743 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
9744 The name used by the the organization that defined it
9748 =item PERL ENCODING API
9752 =item Generic Encoding Interface
9754 =item Handling Malformed Data
9756 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
9760 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
9762 =item Listing available encodings
9764 =item Defining Aliases
9766 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
9769 =item Defining Encodings
9773 =item Encoding and IO
9775 =item Encoding How to ...
9777 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
9778 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
9780 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
9782 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
9784 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
9786 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
9787 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
9791 =item Compiled Encodings
9793 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
9794 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
9802 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
9803 of the Encode extension
9809 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9817 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
9819 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
9825 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9833 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
9846 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
9861 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
9877 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
9889 =item Selecting What To Export
9891 =item Specialised Import Lists
9893 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
9895 =item Module Version Checking
9897 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
9899 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
9905 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
9915 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
9936 mv source... destination
9938 cp source... destination
9956 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
9966 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
9976 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
9978 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
9982 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
9990 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
9993 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9995 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
9997 WriteMakefileSnippet
9999 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
10000 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
10008 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
10020 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
10021 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
10031 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
10041 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
10053 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
10054 packlist(), version()
10062 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
10070 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
10076 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
10086 =item VMS implementation
10088 =item Win32 implementation
10096 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10097 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10105 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
10109 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10110 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10136 test_via_harness (o)
10138 tool_autosplit (override)
10156 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10157 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10171 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10183 =item Preloaded methods
10203 =item SelfLoaded methods
10249 file_name_is_absolute
10255 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
10295 maybe_command_in_dirs
10323 post_initialize (o)
10333 replace_manpage_separator
10347 test_via_harness (o)
10349 test_via_script (o)
10379 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10380 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10390 =item Methods always loaded
10402 =item SelfLoaded methods
10404 guess_name (override)
10408 find_perl (override)
10412 maybe_command (override)
10414 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
10416 perl_script (override)
10418 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10420 replace_manpage_separator
10422 init_others (override)
10424 constants (override)
10428 const_cccmd (override)
10430 pm_to_blib (override)
10432 tool_autosplit (override)
10434 tool_sxubpp (override)
10436 xsubpp_version (override)
10438 tools_other (override)
10448 top_targets (override)
10452 dynamic_lib (override)
10454 dynamic_bs (override)
10456 static_lib (override)
10458 manifypods (override)
10460 processPL (override)
10462 installbin (override)
10464 subdir_x (override)
10468 realclean (override)
10470 dist_basics (override)
10472 dist_core (override)
10474 dist_dir (override)
10476 dist_test (override)
10480 perldepend (override)
10482 makefile (override)
10486 test_via_harness (override)
10488 test_via_script (override)
10490 makeaperl (override)
10492 nicetext (override)
10494 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10495 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10521 test_via_harness (o)
10523 tool_autosplit (override)
10541 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
10551 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
10553 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
10561 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
10565 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
10567 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
10569 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
10571 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
10573 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
10574 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
10575 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
10576 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
10577 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
10578 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
10579 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
10580 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
10581 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
10582 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
10583 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE,
10584 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERM_RW,
10585 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
10586 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, SKIP, TEST_LIBS,
10587 VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
10589 =item Additional lowercase attributes
10591 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
10594 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
10596 =item Hintsfile support
10598 =item Distribution Support
10600 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
10601 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
10602 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
10604 =item Disabling an extension
10618 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
10626 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
10630 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
10634 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
10635 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
10639 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
10647 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
10659 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
10669 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
10678 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
10686 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
10698 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
10706 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
10716 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
10728 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
10738 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
10742 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
10750 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
10754 C<basename>, C<dirname>
10758 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
10768 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
10782 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
10792 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
10794 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
10806 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
10816 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
10828 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
10836 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
10837 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
10838 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
10848 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
10856 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
10857 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
10858 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
10862 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
10870 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
10882 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
10892 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
10893 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
10894 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
10902 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
10936 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
10954 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
10982 file_name_is_absolute
11004 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
11014 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
11047 file_name_is_absolute
11069 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
11085 =item Methods always loaded
11087 canonpath (override)
11105 case_tolerant (override)
11109 file_name_is_absolute (override)
11111 splitpath (override)
11113 splitdir (override)
11127 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
11157 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
11181 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
11195 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
11205 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
11213 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
11221 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
11223 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
11235 =item Temporary files and NFS
11247 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
11261 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
11273 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
11281 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
11287 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
11301 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
11303 =item All-in-one interface
11305 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
11317 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
11327 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
11331 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
11333 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
11341 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
11343 =item Example 2: Using the context
11345 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
11347 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
11351 =item Filter::Simple
11359 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
11367 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
11379 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
11395 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
11403 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
11405 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
11409 =item Simple options
11411 =item A little bit less simple options
11413 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
11415 =item Options with values
11417 =item Options with multiple values
11419 =item Options with hash values
11421 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
11423 =item Options with multiple names
11425 =item Case and abbreviations
11427 =item Summary of Option Specifications
11429 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
11433 =item Advanced Possibilities
11437 =item Object oriented interface
11439 =item Documentation and help texts
11441 =item Storing options in a hash
11445 =item The lonesome dash
11447 =item Argument call-back
11451 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
11453 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
11454 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
11455 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
11456 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
11457 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
11459 =item Return values and Errors
11465 =item Default destinations
11467 =item Alternative option starters
11469 =item Configuration variables
11473 =item Trouble Shooting
11477 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
11479 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
11486 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11490 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
11501 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
11512 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
11523 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
11525 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
11527 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11529 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11531 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
11533 the function super_languages($lang1)
11535 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
11537 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
11539 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
11541 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
11545 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
11547 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
11557 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
11565 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
11567 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
11569 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
11570 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
11571 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
11572 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
11573 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
11574 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
11575 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
11576 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
11577 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
11578 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
11579 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
11580 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
11581 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
11582 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
11583 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
11584 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
11585 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
11586 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
11587 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
11588 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
11589 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
11590 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
11591 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
11592 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
11593 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
11594 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
11595 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
11596 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
11597 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
11598 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
11599 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
11600 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
11601 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
11602 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
11603 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
11604 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
11605 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
11606 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
11607 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
11608 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
11609 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
11610 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
11611 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
11612 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
11613 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
11614 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
11615 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
11616 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
11617 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
11618 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
11619 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
11620 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
11621 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
11622 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
11623 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
11624 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
11625 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
11626 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
11627 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
11628 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
11629 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
11630 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
11631 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
11632 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
11633 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
11634 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
11635 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
11636 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
11637 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
11638 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
11639 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
11640 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
11641 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
11642 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
11643 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
11644 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
11645 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
11646 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
11647 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
11648 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
11649 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
11650 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
11651 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
11652 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
11653 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
11654 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
11655 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
11656 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
11657 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
11658 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
11659 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
11660 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
11661 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
11662 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
11663 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
11664 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
11665 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
11666 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
11667 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
11668 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
11669 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
11670 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
11671 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
11672 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
11673 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
11674 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
11675 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
11676 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
11677 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
11678 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
11679 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
11680 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
11681 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
11682 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
11683 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
11684 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
11685 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
11686 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
11687 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
11691 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11697 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
11715 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
11719 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
11729 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
11737 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11738 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11748 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11758 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11762 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11770 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
11780 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11784 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11785 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11786 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11787 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11799 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11809 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11813 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11823 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11833 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11834 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11844 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
11852 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11853 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11862 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
11872 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11876 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11877 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11878 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11888 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
11902 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11903 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11913 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
11929 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11942 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
11956 hostpath(), peerpath()
11966 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
11975 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11976 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11986 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11996 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
12000 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
12008 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
12019 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
12023 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
12024 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
12025 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
12026 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
12038 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
12048 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
12052 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
12062 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
12072 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
12073 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
12083 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
12092 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
12093 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
12102 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
12113 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
12117 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
12118 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
12119 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
12129 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
12144 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
12145 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
12155 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
12156 AF_INET domain sockets
12172 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
12185 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
12186 AF_UNIX domain sockets
12200 hostpath(), peerpath()
12210 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
12220 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
12221 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
12232 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
12246 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
12259 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
12269 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
12270 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
12271 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
12282 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
12300 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
12310 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
12311 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
12322 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
12333 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
12334 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
12335 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
12346 =head2 Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util - utility functions for Hangul Syllables
12356 =item Composition and Decomposition
12358 C<$string_decomposed = decomposeHangul($codepoint)>, C<@codepoints =
12359 decomposeHangul($codepoint)>, C<$string_composed =
12360 composeHangul($src_string)>, C<@codepoints_composed =
12361 composeHangul($src_string)>
12363 =item Hangul Syllable Name
12365 C<$name = getHangulName($codepoint)>, C<$codepoint =
12366 parseHangulName($name)>
12376 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15
12380 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
12388 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
12389 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
12391 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
12397 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
12398 general-utility list subroutines
12406 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
12407 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
12409 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
12415 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
12416 general-utility scalar subroutines
12424 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
12425 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
12433 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
12441 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12445 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
12453 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
12465 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
12471 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12473 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
12474 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
12480 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12482 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
12488 =item CODE ALIASING
12498 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12502 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
12503 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
12504 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
12505 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
12513 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
12514 identification (ISO 4217)
12532 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12534 code2currency(), currency2code()
12540 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12542 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
12550 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12554 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
12562 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
12579 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12581 code2language(), language2code()
12587 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12589 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
12597 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12601 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
12602 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
12610 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
12618 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12624 =item Construction Methods
12626 =item The "maketext" Method
12628 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
12630 =item Utility Methods
12632 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
12633 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
12634 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
12635 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
12637 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
12641 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
12643 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
12645 =item BRACKET NOTATION
12647 =item AUTO LEXICONS
12649 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
12651 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
12655 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12661 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
12669 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
12673 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
12675 =item The Linguistic View
12677 =item Breaking gettext
12679 =item Replacing gettext
12681 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
12683 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
12685 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
12687 =item Buzzword: Concision
12689 =item The Devil in the Details
12691 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
12699 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
12707 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
12711 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
12719 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
12720 of quoted-printable strings
12728 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12734 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
12743 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12749 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
12759 =item Canonical notation
12763 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
12765 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
12769 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
12770 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
12778 =item Autocreating constants
12784 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
12792 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
12800 Canonical notation, Input, Output
12802 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
12812 =item Rounding mode R
12814 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
12815 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
12816 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
12829 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
12835 use Math::BigInt qw(bstr);
12837 =item Autocreating constants
12843 =item Alternative math libraries
12849 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
12853 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), bdiv, bdiv, Modifying and =,
12854 bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types, bsqrt()
12864 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
12874 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
12878 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
12880 the same terms as Perl itself.
12888 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
12901 =item STRINGIFICATION
12905 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
12911 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
12913 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
12921 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
12929 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
12935 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
12937 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
12941 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12943 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
12947 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
12949 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12951 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
12952 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
12956 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
12962 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
12972 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
12990 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
12992 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
12996 =item OTHER FACILITIES
13002 =item C<flush_cache>
13008 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
13010 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
13018 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
13024 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
13033 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
13044 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
13056 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
13064 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
13072 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
13081 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
13090 =head2 Memoize::Saves - Plug-in module to specify which return values
13107 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
13115 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
13123 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13129 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13133 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13137 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
13147 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
13153 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
13163 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
13166 =item CLASS METHODS
13168 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
13169 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
13170 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
13180 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
13190 requires_firewall HOST
13192 =item NetConfig VALUES
13194 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
13195 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
13196 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
13200 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
13209 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
13217 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
13229 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
13233 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
13234 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
13235 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
13236 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
13237 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
13238 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
13239 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
13240 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
13241 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
13242 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
13243 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
13244 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
13245 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
13249 =item Methods for the adventurous
13255 =item THE dataconn CLASS
13257 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
13258 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
13260 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
13262 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
13264 =item REPORTING BUGS
13272 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
13280 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
13290 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
13294 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
13295 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
13296 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
13297 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
13298 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
13303 =item Extension methods
13305 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
13306 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
13307 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
13308 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
13317 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
13327 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
13339 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
13343 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
13344 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
13345 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
13346 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
13358 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
13366 icmp, udp, tcp, stream, external
13372 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
13373 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
13381 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
13393 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
13397 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), mail ( ADDRESS [,
13398 OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail (
13399 ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ),
13400 to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc (
13401 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify
13402 ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit ()
13412 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
13420 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
13421 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
13429 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
13446 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
13454 =item Where to get this document
13456 =item How to contribute to this document
13460 =item Author and Copyright Information
13468 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
13472 =item What is libnet ?
13474 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
13476 =item What other modules do I need ?
13478 =item What machines support libnet ?
13480 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
13484 =item Using Net::FTP
13488 =item How do I download files from a FTP server ?
13490 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
13492 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
13494 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
13497 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
13499 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
13501 =item How do I get a directory listing from a FTP server ?
13503 =item Changeing directory to "" does not fail ?
13505 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
13507 =item I am behind a FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
13510 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
13512 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
13515 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
13518 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
13522 =item Using Net::SMTP
13526 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
13529 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
13531 =item The verify method always returns true ?
13535 =item Debugging scripts
13539 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
13543 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
13547 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
13564 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
13579 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
13596 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
13604 =item THE .netrc FILE
13606 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
13611 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
13615 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
13625 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
13635 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13641 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
13649 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13655 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13659 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13663 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
13675 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
13677 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
13678 or optag, an operator set (opset)
13680 =item Opcode Functions
13682 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
13683 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
13684 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
13687 =item Manipulating Opsets
13689 =item TO DO (maybe)
13695 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
13697 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
13698 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
13699 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
13708 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
13717 a new namespace, an operator mask
13723 =item RECENT CHANGES
13725 =item Methods in class Safe
13727 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
13728 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
13729 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
13730 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
13732 =item Some Safety Issues
13734 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
13742 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
13755 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
13769 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
13770 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
13771 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
13772 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
13773 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
13774 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
13775 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
13776 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
13777 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
13778 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
13779 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
13780 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
13781 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
13782 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
13783 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
13784 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
13785 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
13786 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
13787 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
13788 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
13789 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
13790 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
13791 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
13792 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
13793 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
13800 =item POSIX::SigAction
13804 =item POSIX::SigSet
13806 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
13808 =item POSIX::Termios
13810 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
13811 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
13812 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
13813 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
13814 values, c_oflag field values
13818 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
13822 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
13826 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
13884 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
13893 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
13897 =item Defaults and how to override them
13907 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
13917 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
13925 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
13926 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
13927 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
13928 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
13929 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
13930 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
13931 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
13935 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
13941 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
13947 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
13959 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
13960 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
13961 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
13962 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
13963 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
13964 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
13965 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
13966 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
13971 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
13972 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
13973 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
13974 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
13975 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
13976 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
13980 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
13981 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
13993 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
13995 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
13998 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
14000 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
14002 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
14004 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
14006 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
14014 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
14026 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
14028 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
14035 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
14041 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
14043 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
14050 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
14062 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
14072 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
14073 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
14088 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
14101 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
14102 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
14108 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
14132 =item B<was_cutting()>
14138 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
14144 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
14150 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
14156 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
14162 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14168 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
14174 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
14180 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
14186 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
14192 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
14198 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
14204 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
14210 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
14216 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
14222 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
14228 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14234 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
14240 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
14246 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
14252 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
14258 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
14264 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
14270 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
14276 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
14282 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
14288 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
14294 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
14300 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14306 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
14318 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
14330 =item OBJECT METHODS
14338 =item Data Accessors
14354 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
14356 B<StartWithNewPage>
14370 =item Subclassed methods
14384 B<interior_sequence>
14400 =item Methods for headings
14408 =item Internal methods
14414 B<_replace_special_chars>
14420 B<_clean_latex_commands>
14436 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
14444 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
14449 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
14450 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
14451 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown sequence %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back
14459 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14463 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
14477 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
14485 $list-E<gt>indent()
14493 $list-E<gt>parent()
14499 =item Pod::Hyperlink
14501 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
14505 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
14507 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
14511 $link-E<gt>warning()
14513 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
14519 $link-E<gt>alttext()
14529 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
14535 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
14539 =item Pod::Cache::Item
14541 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
14545 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
14547 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
14549 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
14551 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
14553 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
14555 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
14557 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
14567 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
14579 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
14581 =item PARSING OPTIONS
14583 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
14584 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
14590 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14598 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14604 =item B<verbatim()>
14606 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14612 =item B<textblock()>
14614 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14620 =item B<interior_sequence()>
14626 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14638 =item B<initialize()>
14644 =item B<begin_pod()>
14650 =item B<begin_input()>
14656 =item B<end_input()>
14668 =item B<preprocess_line()>
14674 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
14680 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
14686 =item B<parse_text()>
14688 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
14689 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
14690 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
14696 =item B<interpolate()>
14702 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
14708 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
14714 =item B<parse_from_file()>
14720 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
14726 =item B<errorsub()>
14738 =item B<parseopts()>
14744 =item B<output_file()>
14750 =item B<output_handle()>
14756 =item B<input_file()>
14762 =item B<input_handle()>
14768 =item B<input_streams()>
14774 =item B<top_stream()>
14780 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14786 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
14792 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
14798 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
14806 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
14826 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
14839 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
14841 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
14847 =item OBJECT METHODS
14853 =item B<curr_headings()>
14865 =item B<add_selection()>
14871 =item B<clear_selections()>
14877 =item B<match_section()>
14883 =item B<is_selected()>
14889 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
14895 =item B<podselect()>
14897 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
14903 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14909 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
14915 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
14921 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
14933 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
14941 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
14945 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
14946 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
14947 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
14957 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14961 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
14975 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14979 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
14994 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14998 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
14999 text with format escapes
15011 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15015 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
15024 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
15033 =item Recommended Use
15041 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
15045 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
15053 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15059 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15063 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15067 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
15075 a new namespace, an operator mask
15081 =item RECENT CHANGES
15083 =item Methods in class Safe
15085 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
15086 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
15087 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
15088 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
15090 =item Some Safety Issues
15092 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
15100 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
15108 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
15109 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
15117 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
15127 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
15137 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
15147 =item The __DATA__ token
15149 =item SelfLoader autoloading
15151 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
15153 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
15155 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
15157 =item Classes and inherited methods.
15161 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
15165 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
15175 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
15183 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
15184 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
15192 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
15193 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
15194 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
15195 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
15196 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
15200 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
15210 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
15214 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
15216 =item ERROR REPORTING
15224 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
15229 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
15230 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
15254 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
15268 =item Allowing fall-through
15270 =item Automating fall-through
15272 =item Alternative syntax
15274 =item Higher-order Operations
15288 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
15298 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
15310 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
15311 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
15319 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
15320 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
15331 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
15332 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
15340 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
15341 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
15352 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
15362 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
15363 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
15364 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
15368 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
15382 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
15394 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
15402 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
15412 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
15413 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
15421 =item Minimal set of supported functions
15423 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
15424 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
15426 =item Additional supported functions
15428 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
15438 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
15464 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
15468 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15478 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
15498 =item Setting up tests
15514 =item Running tests
15520 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
15538 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
15550 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
15554 =item Test Status and Info
15562 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
15582 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
15592 =item The test script output
15594 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
15595 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
15596 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
15600 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
15625 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
15626 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
15627 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
15628 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
15632 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
15633 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
15648 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
15658 =item I love it when a plan comes together
15668 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
15696 =item Conditional tests
15706 =item Comparision functions
15722 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15724 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family have some caveats, Test::Harness
15735 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
15761 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Pod::Tests>, L<SelfTest>,
15766 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
15774 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
15776 =item Where to start?
15780 =item Test the manual
15782 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
15784 =item Testing lots of values
15786 =item Informative names
15788 =item Skipping tests
15792 =item Testing with taint mode.
15800 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
15812 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
15822 =item General behaviour in list contexts
15826 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
15828 =item A note about prefixes
15830 =item C<extract_delimited>
15832 =item C<extract_bracketed>
15834 =item C<extract_tagged>
15836 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
15837 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
15839 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
15841 =item C<extract_quotelike>
15843 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
15845 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
15847 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
15849 =item C<extract_codeblock>
15851 =item C<extract_multiple>
15853 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
15859 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
15860 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
15861 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
15862 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
15863 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
15864 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
15865 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
15866 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
15867 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
15868 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
15869 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
15870 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
15875 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15881 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
15896 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
15913 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
15928 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
15944 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
15957 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
15958 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
15959 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
15963 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
15971 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
15979 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15981 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
15987 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
15995 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15997 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
16001 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
16013 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
16023 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
16031 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
16032 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
16033 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
16034 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
16042 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
16051 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
16052 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
16053 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
16054 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
16056 =item MORE INFORMATION
16058 =item COMPATIBILITY
16062 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
16070 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
16071 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
16075 =item MORE INFORMATION
16079 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
16097 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
16106 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
16108 =item MORE INFORMATION
16112 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
16124 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution ualarm, usleep, and gettimeofday
16132 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
16133 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
16134 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
16135 getitimer ( $which )
16151 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
16159 =item IMPLEMENTATION
16165 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
16180 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
16195 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
16207 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
16215 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
16216 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
16220 =head2 Unicode::Collate - use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
16230 =item Constructor and Tailoring
16232 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
16233 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
16234 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
16236 =item Other methods
16238 C<@sorted = $UCA-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result = $UCA-E<gt>cmp($a,
16239 $b)>, C<$sortKey = $UCA-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
16240 $UCA-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
16241 $UCA-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
16253 L<Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util>, L<Unicode::Normalize>, Unicode Collation
16254 Algorithm - Unicode TR #10
16258 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - normalized forms of Unicode text
16266 C<$string_NFD = NFD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFC = NFC($raw_string)>,
16267 C<$string_NFKD = NFKD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFKC = NFKC($raw_string)>,
16268 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $raw_string)>
16280 L<Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util>, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/
16284 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
16326 =item Blocks versus Scripts
16328 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
16330 =item Code Point Arguments
16356 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
16362 =item Implementation Note
16372 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
16387 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
16398 =item System Specifics
16412 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
16420 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
16422 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
16423 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
16424 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
16425 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
16426 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
16427 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
16428 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
16429 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
16430 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
16431 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
16432 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
16433 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
16434 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
16435 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
16436 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
16437 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
16443 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
16461 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
16473 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
16475 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
16476 don't all have manual pages yet:
16502 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles