4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
240 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST,
365 open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR
366 : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
367 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
368 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
369 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
370 qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
371 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
372 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
373 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
374 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
375 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
376 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
377 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
378 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
379 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
380 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
381 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
382 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
383 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
384 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
385 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
386 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
387 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
388 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
389 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
390 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
391 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
392 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
393 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
394 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
395 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
396 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
397 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
398 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
399 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
400 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
401 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
402 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
403 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
404 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
410 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
416 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
424 =item Making References
426 =item Using References
444 =item Distribution Conditions
450 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
456 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
457 more elaborate constructs
461 =item COMMON MISTAKES
463 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
465 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
471 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
475 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
477 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
479 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
483 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
487 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
489 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
491 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
495 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
499 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
501 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
503 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
507 =item HASHES OF HASHES
511 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
513 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
515 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
519 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
523 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
525 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
527 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
539 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
549 =item Simple word matching
551 =item Using character classes
553 =item Matching this or that
555 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
557 =item Extracting matches
559 =item Matching repetitions
563 =item Search and replace
565 =item The split operator
573 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
577 =item Acknowledgments
583 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
591 =item Verbatim Paragraph
593 =item Command Paragraph
595 =item Ordinary Block of Text
599 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
601 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
611 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
619 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
637 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
639 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
640 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
641 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
642 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
644 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
646 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
647 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
648 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
652 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
654 =item Numerical Traps
656 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
658 =item General data type traps
660 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
661 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
663 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
665 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
667 =item Precedence Traps
669 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
672 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
674 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
675 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
678 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
680 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
686 =item Interpolation Traps
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
689 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
695 =item Unclassified Traps
697 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
704 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
714 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
716 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
718 =item Location of Perl
720 =item Command Switches
722 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
723 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
724 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
725 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
726 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
727 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
734 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
735 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
736 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
740 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
748 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
756 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
758 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
760 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
764 =item Backward Compatibility
766 =item Category Hierarchy
770 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
782 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
790 =item Looking at data and -w and w
794 =item Stepping through code
796 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
798 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
816 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
822 =item The Perl Debugger
826 =item Debugger Commands
828 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
829 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
830 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
831 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
832 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
833 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
834 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
835 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
836 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
838 =item Configurable Options
840 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
841 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
842 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
843 C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
844 C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
845 C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
847 =item Debugger input/output
849 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
852 =item Debugging compile-time statements
854 =item Debugger Customization
856 =item Readline Support
858 =item Editor Support for Debugging
860 =item The Perl Profiler
864 =item Debugging regular expressions
866 =item Debugging memory usage
874 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
882 =item Predefined Names
884 $ARG, $_, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
885 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
886 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
887 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
888 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
889 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
890 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
891 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
892 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
893 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
894 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
895 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
896 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
897 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
898 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
899 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
900 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
901 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
902 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
903 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
904 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
905 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
906 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
907 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
908 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
909 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
910 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
911 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC,
912 %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
914 =item Error Indicators
916 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
924 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
932 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
934 =item Growing Your Own
936 =item Access and Printing
948 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
954 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
964 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
970 =item Open E<agrave> la C
974 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
978 =item Obscure Open Tricks
982 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
984 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
988 =item Single Argument Open
990 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
994 =item Other I/O Issues
998 =item Opening Non-File Files
1008 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1014 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1020 =item Part 1: The basics
1024 =item Simple word matching
1026 =item Using character classes
1028 =item Matching this or that
1030 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1032 =item Extracting matches
1034 =item Matching repetitions
1036 =item Building a regexp
1038 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1042 =item Part 2: Power tools
1046 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1048 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1050 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1052 =item Non-capturing groupings
1054 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1056 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1058 =item Conditional expressions
1060 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1062 =item Pragmas and debugging
1070 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1074 =item Acknowledgments
1080 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1090 =item Regular Expressions
1092 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1094 =item Extended Patterns
1096 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1097 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1098 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1099 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1103 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1105 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1107 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1109 =item Combining pieces together
1111 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1112 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1113 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1114 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1116 =item Creating custom RE engines
1126 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1136 =item Making References
1138 =item Using References
1140 =item Symbolic references
1142 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1144 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1146 =item Function Templates
1156 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1164 =item Format Variables
1174 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1182 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1190 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1192 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1194 =item Invoking a barnyard
1196 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1198 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1200 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1202 =item A few notes about @ISA
1204 =item Overriding the methods
1206 =item Starting the search from a different place
1208 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1210 =item Where we're at so far...
1212 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1214 =item Invoking an instance method
1216 =item Accessing the instance data
1218 =item How to build a horse
1220 =item Inheriting the constructor
1222 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1224 =item Adding parameters to a method
1226 =item More interesting instances
1228 =item A horse of a different color
1240 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1246 =item Creating a Class
1250 =item Object Representation
1252 =item Class Interface
1254 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1256 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1260 =item Other Object Methods
1268 =item Accessing Class Data
1270 =item Debugging Methods
1272 =item Class Destructors
1274 =item Documenting the Interface
1284 =item Overridden Methods
1286 =item Multiple Inheritance
1288 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1292 =item Alternate Object Representations
1296 =item Arrays as Objects
1298 =item Closures as Objects
1302 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1306 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1308 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1312 =item Metaclassical Tools
1318 =item Data Members as Variables
1326 =item Object Terminology
1332 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1338 =item Acknowledgments
1344 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1350 =item Class Data in a Can
1352 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1356 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1358 =item Inheritance Concerns
1360 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1362 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1364 =item Monadic Classes
1366 =item Translucent Attributes
1370 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1374 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1376 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1378 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1380 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1382 =item Translucency Revisited
1390 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1392 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1398 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1406 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1408 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1410 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1412 =item Method Invocation
1414 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1416 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1418 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1424 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1432 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1438 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1440 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1442 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1444 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1446 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1448 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1450 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1452 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1454 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1456 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1462 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1474 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1479 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1480 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1481 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1482 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1487 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1488 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1489 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1491 =item Tying FileHandles
1493 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1494 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1499 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1511 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1512 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1528 =item Using open() for IPC
1534 =item Background Processes
1536 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1538 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1540 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1542 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1546 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1550 =item Internet Line Terminators
1552 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1554 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1558 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1562 =item A Simple Client
1564 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1566 =item A Webget Client
1568 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1572 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1574 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1576 =item UDP: Message Passing
1590 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1600 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1602 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1603 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1604 files, directories and network sockets
1606 =item Resource limits
1608 =item Killing the parent process
1610 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1612 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1614 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1615 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1616 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1628 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1636 =item Storing numbers
1638 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1640 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1642 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1643 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1644 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1653 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1659 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1661 =item Threaded Program Models
1673 =item Native threads
1675 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1677 =item Threadsafe Modules
1683 =item Basic Thread Support
1685 =item Creating Threads
1687 =item Giving up control
1689 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1691 =item Errors In Threads
1693 =item Ignoring A Thread
1697 =item Threads And Data
1701 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1703 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1705 =item Controlling access: lock()
1707 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1709 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1713 =item Threads And Code
1717 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1719 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1721 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1723 =item Subroutine Locks
1727 =item Locking A Subroutine
1731 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1735 =item What Thread Am I In?
1739 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1741 =item What Threads Are Running?
1745 =item A Complete Example
1753 =item Introductory Texts
1755 =item OS-Related References
1757 =item Other References
1761 =item Acknowledgements
1769 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1775 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1784 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1786 =item Files and Filesystems
1788 =item System Interaction
1790 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1792 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1794 =item Standard Modules
1798 =item Character sets and character encoding
1800 =item Internationalisation
1802 =item System Resources
1812 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1813 http://testers.cpan.org/
1821 =item DOS and Derivatives
1829 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1837 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1841 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1843 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1844 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1845 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1846 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1847 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1848 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1849 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1850 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1851 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1852 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1853 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
1854 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
1855 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
1856 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
1857 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
1858 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1859 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1860 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1861 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1862 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1863 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1864 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1865 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1866 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1867 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1873 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
1874 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
1875 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
1876 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
1877 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
1878 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
1880 =item Supported Platforms
1884 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1890 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1897 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1903 =item The use locale pragma
1905 =item The setlocale function
1907 =item Finding locales
1909 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1911 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1913 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1915 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1917 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1919 =item The localeconv function
1923 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1927 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1929 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1931 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1933 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1937 =item Other categories
1945 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1946 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1952 =item Backward compatibility
1954 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1956 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1958 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1960 =item Freely available locale definitions
1964 =item An imperfect standard
1972 =item Broken systems
1982 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
1990 =item Important Caveats
1992 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
1993 to enable a few features
1995 =item Byte and Character semantics
1997 =item Effects of character semantics
1999 =item Character encodings for input and output
2009 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2015 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2023 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2027 =item 13 variant characters
2035 =item Unicode and UTF
2039 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2041 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2043 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2057 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2059 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2061 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2063 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2071 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2073 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2075 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2077 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2081 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2085 =item URL decoding and encoding
2087 =item uu encoding and decoding
2089 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2091 =item Caesarian ciphers
2095 =item Hashing order and checksums
2099 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2111 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2131 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2139 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2141 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2143 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2147 =item Protecting Your Programs
2155 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2167 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2179 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2185 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2189 =item Pragmatic Modules
2191 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2192 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2193 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, unicode::distinct, utf8, vars, warnings,
2196 =item Standard Modules
2198 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
2199 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse,
2200 B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse,
2201 B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie,
2202 CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN,
2203 CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct,
2204 Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode,
2205 Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2206 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed,
2207 ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
2208 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2209 ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
2210 ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl,
2211 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob,
2212 File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc,
2213 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2214 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
2215 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
2216 I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants,
2217 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Math::BigFloat,
2218 Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Ping,
2219 Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File,
2220 Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html,
2221 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
2222 Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2223 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe,
2224 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2225 Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2226 Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2227 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2228 Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
2229 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2231 =item Extension Modules
2243 =item Central America
2255 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2259 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2261 Adding a Copyright Notice
2263 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2265 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2273 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2283 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2284 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2298 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2308 =item What should I make into a module?
2310 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2312 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2314 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2316 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2317 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2318 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2320 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2322 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2323 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2333 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2334 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2344 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2346 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2348 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2350 =item What is perl6?
2352 =item How stable is Perl?
2354 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2356 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2359 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2361 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2363 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2365 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2367 =item What is a JAPH?
2369 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2371 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2372 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2376 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2380 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2381 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2389 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2391 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2393 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2395 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2398 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2399 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2401 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2402 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2404 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2406 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2408 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2410 =item Where should I post source code?
2414 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2416 =item Perl in Magazines
2418 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2420 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2422 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2424 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2426 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2428 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2432 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2436 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2445 =item How do I do (anything)?
2447 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2449 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2451 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2453 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2455 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2457 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2459 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2461 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2463 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2464 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2465 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2467 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2469 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2471 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2473 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2475 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2477 =item What is undump?
2479 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2481 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2483 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2485 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2487 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2489 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2491 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2493 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2495 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2497 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2499 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2501 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2503 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2505 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2507 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2508 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2510 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2513 =item What's MakeMaker?
2517 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2521 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2532 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2533 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2535 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2537 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2540 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2542 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2544 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2546 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2548 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2550 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2558 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2560 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2562 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2564 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2566 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2568 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2570 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2578 =item How do I validate input?
2580 =item How do I unescape a string?
2582 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2584 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2586 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2588 =item How do I reverse a string?
2590 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2592 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2594 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2596 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2598 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2601 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2603 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2604 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2606 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2608 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2610 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2612 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2614 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2616 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2618 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2620 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2621 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2630 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2632 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2634 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2638 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
2640 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2641 intersection of two arrays?
2643 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2645 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2647 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2649 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2651 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2653 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2655 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2657 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2659 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2661 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2663 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2667 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2671 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2673 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2676 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2678 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2680 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2682 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2684 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2686 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2688 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2690 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2692 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2694 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2696 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2699 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2700 array of hashes or arrays?
2702 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2710 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2712 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2714 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2716 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2718 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2720 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2722 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2726 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2730 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2739 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2741 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2742 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2744 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2746 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2748 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2750 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2751 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2753 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2755 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2757 =item How can I write() into a string?
2759 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2761 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2763 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2765 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2767 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2769 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2771 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2773 =item How can I lock a file?
2775 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2777 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2778 the file. How can I do this?
2780 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
2781 file. Do I still have to use locking?
2783 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2785 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2787 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2789 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2791 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2793 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2795 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2797 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2799 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2801 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2803 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2805 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2806 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2808 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2810 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2811 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2813 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2815 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2819 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2823 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2831 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2832 and unmaintainable code?
2834 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2836 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2838 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2841 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2843 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2846 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2848 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2850 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2852 =item What is C</o> really for?
2854 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2857 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2859 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2861 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2863 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2865 =item How can I do approximate matching?
2867 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
2869 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
2871 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
2873 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
2875 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
2877 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
2879 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
2881 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
2885 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2889 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
2890 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
2898 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
2900 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
2903 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
2906 =item How do I skip some return values?
2908 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
2910 =item What's an extension?
2912 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
2914 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
2916 =item How do I create a module?
2918 =item How do I create a class?
2920 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
2922 =item What's a closure?
2924 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
2926 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
2929 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
2932 =item How do I create a static variable?
2934 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
2935 Between local() and my()?
2937 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
2940 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
2942 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
2944 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
2946 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
2948 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
2950 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
2952 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
2954 =item How can I find out my current package?
2956 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
2958 =item How do I clear a package?
2960 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
2964 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2968 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2977 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
2979 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
2981 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
2983 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
2985 =item How do I print something out in color?
2987 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
2989 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
2991 =item How do I clear the screen?
2993 =item How do I get the screen size?
2995 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
2997 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
2999 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3001 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3003 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3005 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3007 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3009 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3011 =item How do I set the time and date?
3013 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3015 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3017 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3019 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3020 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3022 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3024 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3026 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3028 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3030 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3032 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3034 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3036 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3038 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3040 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3043 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3045 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3047 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3049 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3052 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3053 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3054 changes to be visible?
3058 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3061 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3063 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3065 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3067 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3069 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3071 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3073 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3075 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3077 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3079 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3081 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3083 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3086 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3088 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3092 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3096 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3105 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3108 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3110 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3112 =item How do I extract URLs?
3114 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3115 file on another machine?
3117 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3119 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3121 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3123 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3125 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3127 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3129 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3131 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3132 CGI script to do bad things?
3134 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3136 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3138 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3140 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3142 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3144 =item How do I send mail?
3146 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3148 =item How do I read mail?
3150 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3152 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3154 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3156 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3160 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3164 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3174 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3178 =item Using The Back Ends
3182 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3186 =item The Decompiling Back End
3188 =item The Lint Back End
3190 =item The Simple C Back End
3192 =item The Bytecode Back End
3194 =item The Optimized C Back End
3196 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3197 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3198 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3202 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3208 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3218 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3219 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3223 =item Compiling your C program
3225 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3227 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3229 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3231 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3233 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3235 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3237 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3239 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3244 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3254 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3260 =item Debugger Internals
3264 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3268 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3270 =item Debugging regular expressions
3274 =item Compile-time output
3276 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3277 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3278 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3281 =item Types of nodes
3283 =item Run-time output
3287 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3291 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3293 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3294 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3297 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3299 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3301 =item B<-DL> details
3305 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3313 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3325 =item Version caveat
3327 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3339 =item What has gone on?
3341 =item Writing good test scripts
3345 =item What's new here?
3347 =item Input and Output Parameters
3349 =item The XSUBPP Program
3351 =item The TYPEMAP file
3353 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3357 =item What has happened here?
3359 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3361 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3363 =item More about XSUB arguments
3365 =item The Argument Stack
3367 =item Extending your Extension
3369 =item Documenting your Extension
3371 =item Installing your Extension
3375 =item New Things in this Example
3379 =item New Things in this Example
3381 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3383 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3385 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3387 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3403 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3415 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3417 =item The Argument Stack
3419 =item The RETVAL Variable
3421 =item The MODULE Keyword
3423 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3425 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3427 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3429 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3431 =item The CODE: Keyword
3433 =item The INIT: Keyword
3435 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3437 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3439 =item Default Parameter Values
3441 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3443 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3445 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3447 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3449 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3451 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3453 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3455 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3457 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3459 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3461 =item The POST_CALL: Keyword
3463 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3465 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3467 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3469 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3471 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3473 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3475 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3477 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3479 =item The CASE: Keyword
3481 =item The & Unary Operator
3483 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3485 =item Using XS With C++
3487 =item Interface Strategy
3489 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3503 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3513 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3515 =item File Operations
3517 =item File Input and Output
3519 =item File Positioning
3521 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3523 =item Character Class Tests
3525 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3527 =item Miscellaneous functions
3535 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3547 =item What is an "IV"?
3549 =item Working with SVs
3553 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3555 =item Working with AVs
3557 =item Working with HVs
3559 =item Hash API Extensions
3563 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3565 =item Creating New Variables
3567 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3569 =item Stashes and Globs
3571 =item Double-Typed SVs
3573 =item Magic Variables
3575 =item Assigning Magic
3577 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3581 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3583 =item Localizing changes
3585 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3586 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3587 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3588 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3589 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3590 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3591 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3592 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3593 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3594 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3602 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3604 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3606 =item Memory Allocation
3610 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3614 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3624 =item Examining the tree
3626 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3628 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3630 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3632 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3636 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3638 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3642 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3644 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3646 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3648 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3650 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3654 =item Internal Functions
3656 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3660 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3662 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3664 =item Source Documentation
3668 =item Unicode Support
3672 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3674 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3676 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3678 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3680 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3682 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3692 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3698 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3700 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3702 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3722 =item Determining the Context
3726 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3732 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3734 =item Passing Parameters
3736 =item Returning a Scalar
3738 =item Returning a list of values
3740 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3742 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3746 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3750 =item Using call_argv
3752 =item Using call_method
3756 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3758 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3760 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3761 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3764 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3766 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3778 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3788 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3789 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3790 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3791 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3795 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3799 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3800 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3808 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3818 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3820 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3822 B<Decryption Filters>
3824 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3826 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3828 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3840 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3848 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3849 B<filter_fetch_value>
3855 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3857 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3867 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3873 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
3874 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
3875 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv,
3876 CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS,
3877 dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS,
3878 get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth,
3879 gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY,
3880 G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY,
3881 HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear,
3882 hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
3883 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
3884 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
3885 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
3886 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
3887 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
3888 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
3889 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
3890 newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK,
3891 perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run,
3892 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn,
3893 POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
3894 PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn,
3895 SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE,
3896 strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW,
3897 SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
3898 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp,
3899 SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
3900 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force,
3901 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
3902 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
3903 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV,
3904 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
3905 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
3906 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg,
3907 sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear,
3908 sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets,
3909 sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8,
3910 sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags,
3911 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv,
3912 sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg,
3913 sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg,
3914 sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv,
3915 sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_true,
3916 sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
3917 sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
3918 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER,
3919 utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length,
3920 utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8,
3921 warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY,
3922 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
3923 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES,
3924 XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
3932 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3939 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
3940 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, start_glob
3948 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
3958 =item History and Background
3960 =item Layers vs Disciplines
3962 =item Data Structures
3964 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
3965 data for a particular handle
3967 =item Functions and Attributes
3969 =item Per-instance Data
3971 =item Layers in action.
3973 =item Per-instance flag bits
3975 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
3976 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
3977 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
3978 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
3980 =item Methods in Detail
3982 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
3983 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
3984 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
3985 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
3986 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
3987 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
3988 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3989 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3990 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3991 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
3992 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
3993 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
3994 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
3995 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
3999 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4001 =item Extension Layers
4003 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4009 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4017 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4018 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4019 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4020 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4021 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4022 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4023 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4024 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4025 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4026 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4027 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4031 =item Co-existence with stdio
4033 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4034 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4036 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4038 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4039 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4040 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4041 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4043 =item Other Functions
4045 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4046 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4052 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4058 =item To do during 5.6.x
4062 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4064 =item Eliminate need for "use utf8";
4066 =item Autoload byte.pm
4068 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4070 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4072 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4074 =item Unicode case mappings
4076 =item Unicode regular expression character classes
4078 =item use Thread for iThreads
4080 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4082 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4084 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4086 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4088 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4090 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4092 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4094 =item Complete signal handling
4096 =item Out-of-source builds
4098 =item POSIX realtime support
4100 =item UNIX98 support
4104 =item Long double conversion
4108 =item Thread-safe regexes
4110 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4112 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4114 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4116 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4118 =item Custom opcodes
4120 =item spawnvp() on Win32
4122 =item DLL Versioning
4124 =item Introduce @( and @)
4126 =item Floating point handling
4128 =item IV/UV preservation
4130 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4132 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4134 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4136 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4138 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4140 =item Document Win32 choices
4142 =item Check new modules
4144 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4148 =item To do at some point
4152 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4154 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4156 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4158 =item bitfields in pack
4160 =item Cross compilation
4162 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4164 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4166 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4168 =item -i rename file when changed
4170 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4172 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4174 =item my sub foo { }
4176 =item One-pass global destruction
4178 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4180 =item Cache recently used regexps
4182 =item Re-entrant functions
4184 =item Cross-compilation support
4186 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4188 =item debugger pragma
4190 =item use less pragma
4192 =item switch structures
4194 =item Cache eval tree
4198 =item Shrink opcode tables
4200 =item Optimize away @_
4202 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4206 =item Prototype method calls
4208 =item Return context prototype declarations
4212 =item Garbage collection
4216 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4218 =item Rewrite perldoc
4220 =item Install .3p manpages
4222 =item Unicode tutorial
4224 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4226 =item Retargetable installation
4228 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4230 =item Rename Win32 headers
4232 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4234 =item Update sprintf documentation
4236 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4244 =item ref() in list context
4246 =item Make tr/// return histogram
4248 =item Compile to real threaded code
4250 =item Structured types
4252 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4254 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4258 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4260 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4264 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4266 =item Constant function cache
4268 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4276 =item Update guts documentation
4278 =item Add more tests
4280 =item Update auxiliary tools
4284 =item Recently done things
4288 =item Safe signal handling
4294 =item setitimer and getimiter
4296 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4298 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4300 =item Explicit switch statements
4308 =item perlcc to produce executable
4310 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4312 =item Secure temporary file module
4314 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4316 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4318 =item Mmap for input
4320 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4322 =item Add sockatmark support
4324 =item Mailing list archives
4328 =item Integrate MacPerl
4330 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4332 =item Regular expression tutorial
4334 =item Debugging Tutorial
4336 =item Integrate new modules
4338 =item Integrate profiler
4340 =item Y2K error detection
4342 =item Regular expression debugger
4346 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4348 =item Cache precompiled modules
4352 =item Deprecated Wishes
4356 =item Loop control on do{}
4358 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4364 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4366 =item Named prototypes
4368 =item Built-in globbing
4370 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4372 =item Cached hash values
4374 =item Add compression modules
4376 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4378 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4380 =item Make XS easier to use
4382 =item Make embedding easier to use
4386 =item my $Package::variable
4388 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4390 =item "class"-based lexicals
4394 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4400 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4406 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4407 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4408 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4409 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4410 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4411 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4412 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4416 =item Keeping in sync
4418 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4419 NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more
4420 reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point,
4421 Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4423 =item Submitting patches
4425 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4426 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4428 =item Finding Your Way Around
4430 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4432 =item Elements of the interpreter
4434 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4436 =item Internal Variable Types
4442 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4444 =item Millions of Macros
4446 =item Poking at Perl
4448 =item Using a source-level debugger
4450 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4451 finish, 'enter', print
4453 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4459 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4463 =item Rational Software's Purify
4465 =item Purify on Unix
4467 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4471 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4473 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4475 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4477 =item Gprof Profiling
4479 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4481 =item Pixie Profiling
4483 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4488 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4496 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4504 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4516 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4518 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4522 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4526 =head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0
4532 =item Reporting Bugs
4540 =head2 perl572delta, perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
4546 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4548 =item Incompatible Changes
4550 =item Future Deprecations
4552 =item Core Enhancements
4554 =item Modules and Pragmata
4560 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4564 =item Performance Enhancements
4566 =item Utility Changes
4568 =item New Documentation
4570 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4574 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4576 =item Generic Improvements
4580 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4584 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4588 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4590 =item Changed Internals
4594 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
4600 =item Known Problems
4604 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4606 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4608 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4610 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4614 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4616 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4618 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4620 =item Failure of Thread tests
4622 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4624 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4626 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4628 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4632 =item Reporting Bugs
4640 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
4646 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4648 =item Incompatible Changes
4650 =item Core Enhancements
4654 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
4656 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
4658 =item Signals Are Now Safe
4662 =item Modules and Pragmata
4668 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4672 =item Performance Enhancements
4674 =item Utility Changes
4676 =item New Documentation
4692 =item README.solaris
4696 =item Porting/repository.pod
4700 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4704 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4706 =item Generic Improvements
4708 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
4709 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
4710 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
4714 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4718 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4722 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4724 =item Changed Internals
4728 =item Known Problems
4732 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4734 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4736 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4738 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4742 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4744 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4746 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4748 =item Failure of Thread tests
4750 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4752 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4754 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4756 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4760 =item Reporting Bugs
4768 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4774 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4776 =item Incompatible Changes
4778 =item Core Enhancements
4780 =item Modules and Pragmata
4786 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4790 =item Utility Changes
4792 =item New Documentation
4794 =item Performance Enhancements
4796 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4800 =item Generic Improvements
4804 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4808 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4812 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4814 =item Changed Internals
4816 =item Known Problems
4820 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4822 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4824 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4826 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4828 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4830 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4832 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4834 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4836 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4838 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4842 =item Reporting Bugs
4850 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4856 =item Core Enhancements
4860 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4862 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4864 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4866 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4868 =item "our" declarations
4870 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4872 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4874 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4876 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4878 =item open() with more than two arguments
4880 =item 64-bit support
4882 =item Large file support
4888 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4890 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4892 =item File globbing implemented internally
4894 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4896 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4898 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4900 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4902 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4904 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4906 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4908 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4910 =item Comments in pack() templates
4912 =item Weak references
4914 =item Binary numbers supported
4916 =item Lvalue subroutines
4918 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4920 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4922 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4924 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
4926 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
4928 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
4930 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
4932 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
4934 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
4936 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
4938 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
4940 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
4942 =item Improved diagnostics
4944 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
4946 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
4948 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
4950 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
4952 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
4954 =item Improved security features
4956 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
4958 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
4960 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
4962 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
4964 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
4966 =item Optional Y2K warnings
4968 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
4972 =item Modules and Pragmata
4978 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
4979 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
4980 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
4981 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
4982 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
4983 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
4984 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
4985 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
4991 =item Utility Changes
5005 =item The Perl Debugger
5009 =item Improved Documentation
5011 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5012 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5013 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5014 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5016 =item Performance enhancements
5020 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5022 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5024 =item Faster subroutine calls
5026 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5030 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5034 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5036 =item New Configure flags
5038 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5044 =item -Duselargefiles
5046 =item installusrbinperl
5052 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5056 =item Platform specific changes
5060 =item Supported platforms
5064 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5072 =item Significant bug fixes
5076 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5078 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5080 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5082 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5084 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5086 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5088 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5090 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5092 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5094 =item Locale bugs fixed
5098 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5100 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5102 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5104 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5108 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5110 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5111 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5112 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5113 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5114 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5115 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5116 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5117 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5118 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5119 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5120 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5121 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5122 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5123 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5124 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5125 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5126 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5127 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5128 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5129 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5130 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5131 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5132 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5133 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5134 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5135 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5136 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5137 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5138 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5139 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5140 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5141 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5142 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5143 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5144 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5145 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5146 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5147 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5148 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5149 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5150 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5151 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5152 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5153 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5154 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5155 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5156 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5157 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5158 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5159 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5163 =item Incompatible Changes
5167 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5169 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5170 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5171 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5172 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5173 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5174 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5175 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5176 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5177 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5178 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5179 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5181 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5183 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5185 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5187 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5189 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5193 =item Known Problems
5197 =item Thread test failures
5199 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5201 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5203 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5205 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5208 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5210 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5212 =item Experimental features
5214 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5215 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5216 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5220 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5222 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5223 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5224 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5225 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5227 =item Reporting Bugs
5235 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5241 =item About the new versioning system
5243 =item Incompatible Changes
5247 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5249 =item Default installation structure has changed
5251 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5253 =item C Source Compatibility
5255 =item Binary Compatibility
5257 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5259 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5273 =item Regular Expressions
5275 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5276 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5277 improvements, Incompatible changes
5279 =item Improved malloc()
5281 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5283 =item Reliable signals
5285 =item Reliable stack pointers
5287 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5291 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5293 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5295 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5297 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5299 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5301 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5303 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5305 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5307 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5309 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5311 =item Better locale support
5313 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5315 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5317 =item Extended support for exception handling
5319 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5321 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5323 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5325 =item New C<lock> keyword
5327 =item New C<qr//> operator
5329 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5331 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5333 =item Tied handles support is better
5335 =item 4th argument to substr
5337 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5339 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5341 =item <> now reads in records
5345 =item Supported Platforms
5351 =item Changes in existing support
5355 =item Modules and Pragmata
5361 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5362 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5363 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5365 =item Changes in existing modules
5367 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5368 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5372 =item Utility Changes
5374 =item Documentation Changes
5376 =item New Diagnostics
5378 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5379 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5380 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5381 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5382 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5383 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5384 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5385 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5386 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5387 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5388 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5389 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5390 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5391 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5392 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5393 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5394 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5396 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5398 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5399 temporary file, regexp too big
5401 =item Configuration Changes
5411 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5417 =item Supported Environments
5423 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5425 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5427 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5429 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5431 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5433 =item More precise warnings
5435 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5437 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5439 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5441 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5443 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5445 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5447 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5449 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5451 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5453 =item Changes to tainting checks
5455 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5456 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5458 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5460 =item Embedding improvements
5462 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5464 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5466 =item New and changed syntax
5470 =item New and changed builtin constants
5474 =item New and changed builtin variables
5478 =item New and changed builtin functions
5480 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5481 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5482 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5483 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5484 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5486 =item New builtin methods
5488 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5490 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5492 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5493 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5495 =item Malloc enhancements
5497 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5499 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5503 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5519 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5520 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5526 =item Required Updates
5528 =item Installation directories
5530 =item Module information summary
5544 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5548 =item Utility Changes
5554 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5558 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5562 =item C Language API Changes
5564 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5567 =item Documentation Changes
5569 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5570 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5572 =item New Diagnostics
5574 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5575 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5576 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5577 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5578 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5579 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5580 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5581 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5582 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5583 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5584 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5585 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5586 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5587 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5588 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5589 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5590 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5591 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5592 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5593 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5594 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5595 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5596 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5597 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5598 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5608 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5616 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5620 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5622 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5624 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5626 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5632 =item GDBM and Threads
5634 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5644 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5660 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5662 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5664 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5666 fork(), some features of the UNIX filesystem regarding link count and file
5667 dates, inplace operation (the -i switch) without backup file, umask()
5668 works, but the correct permissions are only set when the file is
5675 =item Accessing documentation
5683 =item B<GNU> C<info> files
5693 =item Build Prerequisites
5695 =item Getting the perl source
5701 =item Installing the built perl
5711 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
5733 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell
5735 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
5737 =item Floating point anomalies
5755 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5765 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5767 =item Cygwin Configuration
5769 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5777 =item Strip Binaries
5779 =item Optional Libraries
5781 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5782 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5784 =item Configure-time Options
5786 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5787 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5789 =item Suspicious Warnings
5791 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5809 =item File Permissions
5813 =item Filetime Granularity
5815 =item Tainting Checks
5819 =item Script Portability
5821 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5829 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5830 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5840 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
5856 =item Non-threaded Case
5862 =item Installing the built perl
5872 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
5886 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
5896 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES
5900 =item Building Prerequisites
5902 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules
5904 =item Building Non-XS Modules
5906 =item Building XS Modules
5916 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
5924 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
5926 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
5928 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
5930 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
5934 =item I/O Redirection
5944 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
5948 =item SUPPORT STATUS
5956 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
5965 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
5975 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
5977 =item Itanium Processor Family
5979 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
5981 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
5983 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5989 =item GDBM and Threads
5991 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5993 =item perl -P and //
5995 =item Kernel parameters (maxdsiz)
6005 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
6014 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
6016 =item Failures during C<make test>
6018 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
6020 =item Building external modules
6030 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
6044 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
6056 =item System Requirements
6058 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
6060 =item Distribution Contents Highlights
6062 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
6063 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
6065 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
6069 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
6071 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
6073 =item Known Bugs Under Investigation
6077 =item Change History
6083 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
6103 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
6105 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
6107 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
6111 =item Frequently asked questions
6115 =item "It does not work"
6117 =item I cannot run external programs
6119 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
6122 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
6125 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
6127 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
6135 =item Automatic binary installation
6137 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
6139 =item Manual binary installation
6141 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
6142 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
6143 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
6144 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
6145 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
6151 =item Accessing documentation
6155 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
6163 =item GNU C<info> files
6175 =item The short story
6179 =item Getting perl source
6181 =item Application of the patches
6189 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
6192 =item Installing the built perl
6194 =item C<a.out>-style build
6202 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
6204 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
6206 =item Problems with tr or sed
6208 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
6210 =item Library ... not found
6212 =item Segfault in make
6214 =item op/sprintf test failure
6218 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
6222 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
6226 =item C<extproc> on the first line
6228 =item Additional modules:
6230 =item Prebuilt methods:
6232 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
6233 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
6234 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
6235 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
6236 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
6237 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
6238 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
6239 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
6240 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
6241 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
6242 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
6244 =item Prebuilt variables:
6246 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
6252 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
6255 =item Identifying DLLs
6257 =item Centralized management of resources
6273 =item F<perl___.exe>
6275 =item Why strange names?
6277 =item Why dynamic linking?
6279 =item Why chimera build?
6287 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6289 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6291 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6293 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6295 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6297 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6307 =item DLL name mangling
6311 =item Calls to external programs
6313 =item Memory allocation
6317 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6331 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6343 =item Setup and utilities
6347 =item Build, test, install
6349 =item build anomalies
6351 =item testing anomalies
6353 =item installation anomalies
6357 =item Floating point anomalies
6359 =item Modules and Extensions
6377 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6385 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6391 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6397 =item File Extraction Problems.
6399 =item Compiler and Related Tools.
6405 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6409 =item 64-bit Issues.
6413 =item Malloc Issues.
6417 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6419 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6420 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6421 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6427 =item op/stat.t test 4
6431 =item PREBUILT BINARIES.
6433 =item RUNTIME ISSUES.
6437 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files.
6441 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6443 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6447 =item Proc::ProcessTable
6461 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
6462 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
6470 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
6472 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
6474 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
6476 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
6478 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
6482 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
6488 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6500 =item Setup and utilities
6504 =item testing anomalies
6522 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6530 =item Organization of Perl Images
6536 =item Perl Extensions
6538 =item Installing static extensions
6540 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6544 =item File specifications
6550 =item Wildcard expansion
6556 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6562 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6564 =item Command line switches
6570 =item Perl functions
6572 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6573 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6574 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6575 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6577 =item Perl variables
6579 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $|
6581 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6595 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6603 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6607 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6611 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6613 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6617 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6621 =item Unimplemented Features
6627 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6635 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
6647 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC
6657 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
6658 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
6659 Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things
6663 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
6667 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
6668 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
6669 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
6677 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6679 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6691 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6701 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6711 =item Built-in Attributes
6713 locked, method, lvalue
6715 =item Available Subroutines
6719 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6721 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6723 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6731 =item Default exports
6733 =item Available exports
6735 =item Export tags defined
6745 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6757 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6773 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6787 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6801 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6814 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6823 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6829 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
6839 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
6849 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
6860 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
6862 =item The I<splain> Program
6876 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
6890 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
6900 =item subpragma access
6906 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
6917 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
6927 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
6937 =item Adding directories to @INC
6939 =item Deleting directories from @INC
6941 =item Restoring original @INC
6951 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
6962 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
6970 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
6972 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
6978 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
6990 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
7000 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
7002 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
7004 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
7006 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
7008 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
7010 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
7012 =item Overloadable Operations
7014 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
7015 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
7016 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
7018 =item Inheritance and overloading
7020 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
7021 is inherited by derived classes
7025 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
7033 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
7035 =item Copy Constructor
7041 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
7043 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
7044 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
7045 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
7048 =item Losing overloading
7050 =item Run-time Overloading
7052 =item Public functions
7054 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
7056 =item Overloading constants
7058 integer, float, binary, q, qr
7060 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7062 =item Metaphor clash
7068 =item Two-face scalars
7070 =item Two-face references
7072 =item Symbolic calculator
7074 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
7082 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
7083 type, `%s' is not a code reference
7089 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7099 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
7111 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
7113 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
7117 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
7121 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
7129 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
7137 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
7141 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
7151 =head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data
7164 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
7175 =item Utility functions
7177 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
7178 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
7186 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
7196 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
7204 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
7205 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
7206 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
7207 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
7208 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
7212 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
7214 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
7216 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
7226 =item DBM Comparisons
7236 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
7246 =item Subroutine Stubs
7248 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7250 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7252 =item Package Lexicals
7254 =item Not Using AutoLoader
7256 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
7266 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
7274 $keep, $check, $modtime
7278 =item Multiple packages
7286 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
7294 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
7298 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
7306 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
7320 =item B::PVMG METHODS
7324 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
7326 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
7328 =item B::PVLV METHODS
7330 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
7334 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
7338 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
7339 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
7343 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
7344 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
7348 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
7352 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
7357 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
7359 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
7363 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
7365 =item B::UNOP METHOD
7369 =item B::BINOP METHOD
7373 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
7377 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
7381 =item B::PMOP METHODS
7383 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
7385 =item B::SVOP METHOD
7389 =item B::PADOP METHOD
7393 =item B::PVOP METHOD
7397 =item B::LOOP METHODS
7399 redoop, nextop, lastop
7401 =item B::COP METHODS
7403 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
7407 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
7409 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
7410 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
7411 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
7412 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
7419 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
7432 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
7444 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7456 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7466 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7467 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7468 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7478 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7488 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7489 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7499 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7509 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7510 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7511 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7523 =item Context of ".."
7527 =item Deprecated features
7535 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
7545 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
7546 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
7547 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
7549 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
7551 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
7552 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
7553 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
7554 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
7555 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
7556 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
7557 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7558 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
7564 =item OP flags abbreviations
7566 =item OP class abbreviations
7570 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
7576 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7588 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7598 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7599 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
7601 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7611 =item ambient_pragmas
7613 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
7625 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7637 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7645 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7647 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7648 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7650 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7660 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7670 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7676 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7688 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7700 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7702 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7714 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7724 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7732 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7744 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7758 =item Standard Exports
7760 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7761 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7762 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7764 =item Optional Exports
7766 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7767 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7768 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7784 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7788 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7802 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7812 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7813 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7814 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7824 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
7836 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
7838 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
7840 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
7842 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
7844 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
7846 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
7848 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
7850 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
7852 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
7854 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
7856 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
7858 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
7860 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
7862 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
7864 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
7866 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
7868 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
7870 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
7871 B<:standard>, B<:all>
7875 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
7876 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
7879 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
7881 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
7882 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
7887 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
7891 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
7893 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
7895 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
7897 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
7899 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
7901 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
7903 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
7905 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
7906 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
7908 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
7912 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
7916 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
7918 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
7920 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
7922 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
7924 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
7926 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
7927 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
7929 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
7933 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
7937 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
7939 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
7941 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
7943 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
7947 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
7949 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
7951 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
7955 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
7957 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
7961 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
7965 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
7969 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
7973 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
7977 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
7979 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
7981 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
7985 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
7989 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
7995 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
7996 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
7998 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
8000 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
8001 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
8004 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
8010 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
8014 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
8016 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
8017 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
8018 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
8019 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
8020 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
8022 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
8024 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
8029 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
8031 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
8033 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
8034 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
8036 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
8038 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8042 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
8043 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
8044 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
8045 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
8046 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
8047 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
8048 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
8049 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
8050 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
8051 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
8052 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
8053 ...and many many more..
8055 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
8063 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
8073 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8081 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
8090 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
8092 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
8096 =item Changing the default message
8100 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
8110 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
8118 =item USING CGI::Cookie
8120 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
8124 =item Creating New Cookies
8126 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
8128 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
8130 =item Manipulating Cookies
8132 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
8136 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8144 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
8152 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
8154 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
8156 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
8158 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
8162 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8170 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
8180 =item Tags that won't be formatted
8182 =item Customizing the Indenting
8194 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
8202 =item USING CGI::Push
8204 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
8208 =item Heterogeneous Pages
8210 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
8214 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
8216 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8224 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
8234 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8242 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
8250 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8256 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
8266 =item Interactive Mode
8268 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
8269 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
8270 distribution, ls author, Signals
8278 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
8280 =item Programmer's interface
8282 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
8284 =item Methods in the other Classes
8286 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
8287 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
8288 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
8289 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
8290 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
8291 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
8292 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
8293 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
8294 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
8295 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
8296 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
8297 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
8298 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
8299 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
8300 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
8301 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
8302 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
8303 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
8304 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
8305 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
8306 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
8307 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
8308 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
8309 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
8310 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
8311 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
8319 =item Finding packages and VERSION
8323 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
8329 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
8330 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
8331 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
8332 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
8336 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
8338 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
8346 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
8348 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
8352 =item Three basic types of firewalls
8354 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
8356 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
8362 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
8374 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
8384 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
8397 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
8407 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
8415 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
8417 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
8427 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
8428 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
8429 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
8431 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
8439 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
8449 =item The C<struct()> function
8451 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
8453 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
8455 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
8456 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
8458 =item Initializing with C<new>
8464 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
8466 =item Author and Modification History
8470 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
8478 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8490 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8494 C<afs>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>, C<api_revision>,
8495 C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>, C<ar>, C<archlib>,
8496 C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>, C<awk>
8500 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8501 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8505 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8506 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8507 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8508 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
8509 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
8510 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crosscompile>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
8514 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8515 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8516 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8517 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8518 C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>,
8519 C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>,
8520 C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>,
8521 C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>,
8522 C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>,
8523 C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>,
8524 C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
8525 C<d_fork>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
8526 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
8527 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
8528 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>,
8529 C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>,
8530 C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>,
8531 C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>,
8532 C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>,
8533 C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>,
8534 C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>,
8535 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>,
8536 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
8537 C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
8538 C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>,
8539 C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>,
8540 C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>,
8541 C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>,
8542 C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>,
8543 C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>,
8544 C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>,
8545 C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>,
8546 C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>,
8547 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
8548 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
8549 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
8550 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
8551 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
8552 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
8553 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
8554 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
8555 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>,
8556 C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>,
8557 C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>,
8558 C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>,
8559 C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
8560 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>,
8561 C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>,
8562 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>,
8563 C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>,
8564 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
8565 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>,
8566 C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>,
8567 C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>,
8568 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>,
8569 C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_statblks>,
8570 C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>,
8571 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
8572 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
8573 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
8574 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>,
8575 C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>,
8576 C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>,
8577 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
8578 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
8579 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
8580 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
8581 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
8582 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
8583 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
8584 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>,
8585 C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8589 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8590 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
8594 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8595 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>, C<full_sed>
8599 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8600 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8604 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8608 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8609 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8610 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
8611 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_libutil>,
8612 C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>,
8613 C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
8614 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
8615 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
8616 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
8617 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
8618 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
8619 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
8620 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
8621 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
8622 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
8623 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
8624 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
8625 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8626 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8627 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8628 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
8629 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
8630 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
8635 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8639 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8640 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8641 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8642 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8643 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8644 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8648 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8649 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8650 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8654 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8655 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8659 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8660 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8661 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8662 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8666 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8667 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8671 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8676 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8677 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8678 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8679 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8683 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8687 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8688 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<runnm>
8692 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8693 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8694 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8695 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
8696 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
8697 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
8698 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
8699 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
8700 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
8701 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
8702 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
8703 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
8704 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
8705 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8709 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>, C<timetype>,
8710 C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8714 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8715 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8716 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8717 C<use64bitint>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>,
8718 C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>,
8719 C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usesfio>,
8720 C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>,
8721 C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>,
8722 C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8726 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8727 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8728 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8732 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8736 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
8748 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
8758 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8770 =item Global Variables
8772 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8773 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8778 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8779 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8781 =item Client Callback Methods
8783 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8784 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8785 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8795 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
8803 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
8807 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
8809 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
8811 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
8813 =item Default Parameters
8815 =item In Memory Databases
8823 =item A Simple Example
8831 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
8833 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
8835 =item The get_dup() Method
8837 =item The find_dup() Method
8839 =item The del_dup() Method
8841 =item Matching Partial Keys
8849 =item The 'bval' Option
8851 =item A Simple Example
8853 =item Extra RECNO Methods
8855 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
8856 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
8859 =item Another Example
8863 =item THE API INTERFACE
8865 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
8866 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
8867 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
8868 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
8872 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
8873 B<filter_fetch_value>
8879 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
8881 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
8885 =item HINTS AND TIPS
8889 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
8891 =item Safe ways to lock a database
8893 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
8895 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
8897 =item The untie() Gotcha
8901 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
8905 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
8907 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
8909 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
8911 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
8931 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
8932 printing and C<eval>
8944 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
8945 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
8946 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
8953 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
8955 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8956 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8957 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8958 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8959 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8960 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8961 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8962 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8963 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8964 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8965 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8966 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
8986 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
8994 =item PROFILE FORMAT
9006 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
9016 =item Memory footprint debugging
9024 =item A simple scalar string
9026 =item A simple scalar number
9028 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
9030 =item A reference to a simple scalar
9032 =item A reference to an array
9034 =item A reference to a hash
9036 =item Dumping a large array or hash
9038 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
9040 =item A reference to a subroutine
9054 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
9064 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
9072 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
9076 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
9077 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
9078 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
9086 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
9096 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
9100 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
9101 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
9113 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
9123 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
9135 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
9136 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
9137 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
9142 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
9143 veryCompact, set, get
9149 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
9157 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
9158 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
9159 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
9160 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
9167 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
9180 =head2 Encode - character encodings
9198 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
9200 =item Types of Encodings
9202 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
9203 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
9205 =item Specifying Encodings
9207 1. By name, 2. As an object
9209 =item Encoding Names
9211 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
9212 The name used by the the organization that defined it
9216 =item PERL ENCODING API
9220 =item Generic Encoding Interface
9222 =item Handling Malformed Data
9224 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
9228 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
9230 =item Listing available encodings
9232 =item Defining Aliases
9234 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
9237 =item Defining Encodings
9241 =item Encoding and IO
9243 =item Encoding How to ...
9245 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
9246 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
9248 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
9250 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
9252 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
9254 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
9255 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
9259 =item Compiled Encodings
9261 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
9262 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
9270 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
9271 of the Encode extension
9277 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9285 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
9287 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
9293 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9301 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
9314 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
9329 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
9345 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
9357 =item Selecting What To Export
9359 =item Specialised Import Lists
9361 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
9363 =item Module Version Checking
9365 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
9367 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
9373 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
9383 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
9404 mv source... destination
9406 cp source... destination
9424 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
9444 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
9446 return_clause VALUE, TYPE, INDENT, MACRO
9450 C_constant SUBNAME, DEFAULT_TYPE, TYPES, INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEM.., name,
9453 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9455 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION
9463 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
9475 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
9476 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
9486 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
9496 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
9508 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
9509 packlist(), version()
9517 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
9525 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
9531 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
9541 =item VMS implementation
9543 =item Win32 implementation
9551 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9560 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
9564 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9579 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
9591 =item Preloaded methods
9611 =item SelfLoaded methods
9657 file_name_is_absolute
9663 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
9703 maybe_command_in_dirs
9741 replace_manpage_separator
9755 test_via_harness (o)
9787 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9798 =item Methods always loaded
9810 =item SelfLoaded methods
9812 guess_name (override)
9816 find_perl (override)
9820 maybe_command (override)
9822 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
9824 perl_script (override)
9826 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9828 replace_manpage_separator
9830 init_others (override)
9832 constants (override)
9836 const_cccmd (override)
9838 pm_to_blib (override)
9840 tool_autosplit (override)
9842 tool_sxubpp (override)
9844 xsubpp_version (override)
9846 tools_other (override)
9856 top_targets (override)
9860 dynamic_lib (override)
9862 dynamic_bs (override)
9864 static_lib (override)
9866 manifypods (override)
9868 processPL (override)
9870 installbin (override)
9876 realclean (override)
9878 dist_basics (override)
9880 dist_core (override)
9884 dist_test (override)
9888 perldepend (override)
9894 test_via_harness (override)
9896 test_via_script (override)
9898 makeaperl (override)
9902 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9929 test_via_harness (o)
9931 tool_autosplit (override)
9949 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
9959 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
9961 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
9969 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
9973 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
9975 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
9977 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
9979 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
9981 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
9982 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
9983 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
9984 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
9985 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
9986 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
9987 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
9988 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
9989 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
9990 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
9991 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
9992 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
9993 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
9994 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION,
9995 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
9997 =item Additional lowercase attributes
9999 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
10002 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
10004 =item Hintsfile support
10006 =item Distribution Support
10008 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
10009 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
10010 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
10012 =item Disabling an extension
10026 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
10034 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
10038 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
10042 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
10043 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
10047 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
10055 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
10067 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
10077 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
10086 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
10094 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
10106 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
10114 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
10124 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
10136 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
10146 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
10150 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
10158 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
10162 C<basename>, C<dirname>
10166 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
10176 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
10190 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
10200 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
10202 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
10212 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
10220 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
10232 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
10240 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
10241 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>,
10242 C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
10248 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
10256 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
10257 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
10258 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
10262 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
10270 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
10282 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
10296 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
10330 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
10348 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
10376 file_name_is_absolute
10396 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
10406 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
10438 file_name_is_absolute
10460 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
10476 =item Methods always loaded
10478 canonpath (override)
10496 case_tolerant (override)
10500 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10502 splitpath (override)
10504 splitdir (override)
10518 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
10548 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
10572 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
10586 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
10596 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
10604 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
10612 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
10614 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
10626 =item Temporary files and NFS
10638 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
10652 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
10664 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
10672 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
10678 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
10692 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
10694 =item All-in-one interface
10706 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
10716 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
10720 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
10722 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
10730 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
10732 =item Example 2: Using the context
10734 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
10736 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
10740 =item Filter::Simple
10748 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
10756 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
10766 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
10782 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
10790 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
10792 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
10796 =item Simple options
10798 =item A little bit less simple options
10800 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
10802 =item Options with values
10804 =item Options with multiple values
10806 =item Options with hash values
10808 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
10810 =item Options with multiple names
10812 =item Case and abbreviations
10814 =item Summary of Option Specifications
10816 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
10820 =item Advanced Possibilities
10824 =item Object oriented interface
10826 =item Documentation and help texts
10828 =item Storing options in a hash
10832 =item The lonesome dash
10834 =item Argument call-back
10838 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
10840 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
10841 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
10842 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
10843 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
10844 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
10846 =item Return values and Errors
10852 =item Default destinations
10854 =item Alternative option starters
10856 =item Configuration variables
10860 =item Trouble Shooting
10864 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
10866 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
10873 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
10877 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
10888 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
10899 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
10910 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
10912 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
10914 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
10916 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
10918 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
10920 the function super_languages($lang1)
10922 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
10924 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
10926 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
10930 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
10932 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
10942 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List, I18n::LangTags::List -- list of tags for human
10949 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
10951 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
10953 I<{ab}> : Abkhazian, I<{ace}> : Achinese, I<{ach}> : Acoli, I<{ada}> :
10954 Adangme, I<{aa}> : Afar, I<{afh}> : Afrihili, I<{af}> : Afrikaans,
10955 [I<{afa}> : Afro-Asiatic (Other)], I<{aka}> : Akan, I<{akk}> : Akkadian,
10956 I<{sq}> : Albanian, I<{ale}> : Aleut, [I<{alg}> : Algonquian languages],
10957 [I<{tut}> : Altaic (Other)], I<{am}> : Amharic, I<{i-ami}> : Ami, [I<{apa}>
10958 : Apache languages], I<{ar}> : Arabic, I<{arc}> : Aramaic, I<{arp}> :
10959 Arapaho, I<{arn}> : Araucanian, I<{arw}> : Arawak, I<{hy}> : Armenian,
10960 [I<{art}> : Artificial (Other)], I<{as}> : Assamese, [I<{ath}> : Athapascan
10961 languages], [I<{aus}> : Australian languages], [I<{map}> : Austronesian
10962 (Other)], I<{ava}> : Avaric, I<{ae}> : Avestan, I<{awa}> : Awadhi, I<{ay}>
10963 : Aymara, I<{az}> : Azerbaijani, I<{ban}> : Balinese, [I<{bat}> : Baltic
10964 (Other)], I<{bal}> : Baluchi, I<{bam}> : Bambara, [I<{bai}> : Bamileke
10965 languages], I<{bad}> : Banda, [I<{bnt}> : Bantu (Other)], I<{bas}> : Basa,
10966 I<{ba}> : Bashkir, I<{eu}> : Basque, I<{btk}> : Batak (Indonesia), I<{bej}>
10967 : Beja, I<{be}> : Belarusian, I<{bem}> : Bemba, I<{bn}> : Bengali,
10968 [I<{ber}> : Berber (Other)], I<{bho}> : Bhojpuri, I<{bh}> : Bihari,
10969 I<{bik}> : Bikol, I<{bin}> : Bini, I<{bi}> : Bislama, I<{bs}> : Bosnian,
10970 I<{bra}> : Braj, I<{br}> : Breton, I<{bug}> : Buginese, I<{bg}> :
10971 Bulgarian, I<{i-bnn}> : Bunun, I<{bua}> : Buriat, I<{my}> : Burmese,
10972 I<{cad}> : Caddo, I<{car}> : Carib, I<{ca}> : Catalan, [I<{cau}> :
10973 Caucasian (Other)], I<{ceb}> : Cebuano, [I<{cel}> : Celtic (Other)],
10974 [I<{cai}> : Central American Indian (Other)], I<{chg}> : Chagatai,
10975 [I<{cmc}> : Chamic languages], I<{ch}> : Chamorro, I<{ce}> : Chechen,
10976 I<{chr}> : Cherokee, I<{chy}> : Cheyenne, I<{chb}> : Chibcha, I<{ny}> :
10977 Chichewa, I<{zh}> : Chinese, I<{chn}> : Chinook Jargon, I<{chp}> :
10978 Chipewyan, I<{cho}> : Choctaw, I<{cu}> : Church Slavic, I<{chk}> :
10979 Chuukese, I<{cv}> : Chuvash, I<{cop}> : Coptic, I<{kw}> : Cornish, I<{co}>
10980 : Corsican, I<{cre}> : Cree, I<{mus}> : Creek, [I<{cpe}> : English-based
10981 Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [I<{cpf}> : French-based Creoles and pidgins
10982 (Other)], [I<{cpp}> : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
10983 [I<{crp}> : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], I<{hr}> : Croatian, [I<{cus}> :
10984 Cushitic (Other)], I<{cs}> : Czech, I<{dak}> : Dakota, I<{da}> : Danish,
10985 I<{day}> : Dayak, I<{i-default}> : Default (Fallthru) Language, I<{del}> :
10986 Delaware, I<{din}> : Dinka, I<{div}> : Divehi, I<{doi}> : Dogri, I<{dgr}> :
10987 Dogrib, [I<{dra}> : Dravidian (Other)], I<{dua}> : Duala, I<{nl}> : Dutch,
10988 I<{dum}> : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), I<{dyu}> : Dyula, I<{dz}> :
10989 Dzongkha, I<{efi}> : Efik, I<{egy}> : Ancient Egyptian, I<{eka}> : Ekajuk,
10990 I<{elx}> : Elamite, I<{en}> : English, I<{enm}> : Old English (1100-1500),
10991 I<{ang}> : Old English (ca.450-1100), I<{eo}> : Esperanto, I<{et}> :
10992 Estonian, I<{ewe}> : Ewe, I<{ewo}> : Ewondo, I<{fan}> : Fang, I<{fat}> :
10993 Fanti, I<{fo}> : Faroese, I<{fj}> : Fijian, I<{fi}> : Finnish, [I<{fiu}> :
10994 Finno-Ugrian (Other)], I<{fon}> : Fon, I<{fr}> : French, I<{frm}> : Middle
10995 French (ca.1400-1600), I<{fro}> : Old French (842-ca.1400), I<{fy}> :
10996 Frisian, I<{fur}> : Friulian, I<{ful}> : Fulah, I<{gaa}> : Ga, I<{gd}> :
10997 Scots Gaelic, I<{gl}> : Gallegan, I<{lug}> : Ganda, I<{gay}> : Gayo,
10998 I<{gba}> : Gbaya, I<{gez}> : Geez, I<{ka}> : Georgian, I<{de}> : German,
10999 I<{gmh}> : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), I<{goh}> : Old High German
11000 (ca.750-1050), [I<{gem}> : Germanic (Other)], I<{gil}> : Gilbertese,
11001 I<{gon}> : Gondi, I<{gor}> : Gorontalo, I<{got}> : Gothic, I<{grb}> :
11002 Grebo, I<{grc}> : Ancient Greek (to 1453), I<{el}> : Modern Greek (1453-),
11003 I<{gn}> : Guarani, I<{gu}> : Gujarati, I<{gwi}> : Gwich'in, I<{hai}> :
11004 Haida, I<{ha}> : Hausa, I<{haw}> : Hawaiian, I<{he}> : Hebrew, I<{hz}> :
11005 Herero, I<{hil}> : Hiligaynon, I<{him}> : Himachali, I<{hi}> : Hindi,
11006 I<{ho}> : Hiri Motu, I<{hit}> : Hittite, I<{hmn}> : Hmong, I<{hu}> :
11007 Hungarian, I<{hup}> : Hupa, I<{iba}> : Iban, I<{is}> : Icelandic, I<{ibo}>
11008 : Igbo, I<{ijo}> : Ijo, I<{ilo}> : Iloko, [I<{inc}> : Indic (Other)],
11009 [I<{ine}> : Indo-European (Other)], I<{id}> : Indonesian, I<{ia}> :
11010 Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association), I<{ie}> :
11011 Interlingue, I<{iu}> : Inuktitut, I<{ik}> : Inupiaq, [I<{ira}> : Iranian
11012 (Other)], I<{ga}> : Irish, I<{mga}> : Middle Irish (900-1200), I<{sga}> :
11013 Old Irish (to 900), [I<{iro}> : Iroquoian languages], I<{it}> : Italian,
11014 I<{ja}> : Japanese, I<{jw}> : Javanese, I<{jrb}> : Judeo-Arabic, I<{jpr}> :
11015 Judeo-Persian, I<{kab}> : Kabyle, I<{kac}> : Kachin, I<{kl}> : Kalaallisut,
11016 I<{kam}> : Kamba, I<{kn}> : Kannada, I<{kau}> : Kanuri, I<{kaa}> :
11017 Kara-Kalpak, I<{kar}> : Karen, I<{ks}> : Kashmiri, I<{kaw}> : Kawi, I<{kk}>
11018 : Kazakh, I<{kha}> : Khasi, I<{km}> : Khmer, [I<{khi}> : Khoisan (Other)],
11019 I<{kho}> : Khotanese, I<{ki}> : Kikuyu, I<{kmb}> : Kimbundu, I<{rw}> :
11020 Kinyarwanda, I<{ky}> : Kirghiz, I<{i-klingon}> : Klingon, I<{kv}> : Komi,
11021 I<{kon}> : Kongo, I<{kok}> : Konkani, I<{ko}> : Korean, I<{kos}> :
11022 Kosraean, I<{kpe}> : Kpelle, I<{kro}> : Kru, I<{kj}> : Kuanyama, I<{kum}> :
11023 Kumyk, I<{ku}> : Kurdish, I<{kru}> : Kurukh, I<{kut}> : Kutenai, I<{lad}> :
11024 Ladino, I<{lah}> : Lahnda, I<{lam}> : Lamba, I<{lo}> : Lao, I<{la}> :
11025 Latin, I<{lv}> : Latvian, I<{lb}> : Letzeburgesch, I<{lez}> : Lezghian,
11026 I<{ln}> : Lingala, I<{lt}> : Lithuanian, I<{nds}> : Low German, I<{loz}> :
11027 Lozi, I<{lub}> : Luba-Katanga, I<{lua}> : Luba-Lulua, I<{lui}> : Luiseno,
11028 I<{lun}> : Lunda, I<{luo}> : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), I<{lus}> : Lushai,
11029 I<{mk}> : Macedonian, I<{mad}> : Madurese, I<{mag}> : Magahi, I<{mai}> :
11030 Maithili, I<{mak}> : Makasar, I<{mg}> : Malagasy, I<{ms}> : Malay, I<{ml}>
11031 : Malayalam, I<{mt}> : Maltese, I<{mnc}> : Manchu, I<{mdr}> : Mandar,
11032 I<{man}> : Mandingo, I<{mni}> : Manipuri, [I<{mno}> : Manobo languages],
11033 I<{gv}> : Manx, I<{mi}> : Maori, I<{mr}> : Marathi, I<{chm}> : Mari,
11034 I<{mh}> : Marshall, I<{mwr}> : Marwari, I<{mas}> : Masai, [I<{myn}> : Mayan
11035 languages], I<{men}> : Mende, I<{mic}> : Micmac, I<{min}> : Minangkabau,
11036 I<{i-mingo}> : Mingo, [I<{mis}> : Miscellaneous languages], I<{moh}> :
11037 Mohawk, I<{mo}> : Moldavian, [I<{mkh}> : Mon-Khmer (Other)], I<{lol}> :
11038 Mongo, I<{mn}> : Mongolian, I<{mos}> : Mossi, [I<{mul}> : Multiple
11039 languages], [I<{mun}> : Munda languages], I<{nah}> : Nahuatl, I<{na}> :
11040 Nauru, I<{nv}> : Navajo, I<{nd}> : North Ndebele, I<{nr}> : South Ndebele,
11041 I<{ng}> : Ndonga, I<{ne}> : Nepali, I<{new}> : Newari, I<{nia}> : Nias,
11042 [I<{nic}> : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [I<{ssa}> : Nilo-Saharan (Other)],
11043 I<{niu}> : Niuean, I<{non}> : Old Norse, [I<{nai}> : North American
11044 Indian], I<{se}> : Northern Sami, I<{no}> : Norwegian, I<{nb}> : Norwegian
11045 BokmE<aring>l, I<{nn}> : Norwegian Nynorsk, [I<{nub}> : Nubian languages],
11046 I<{nym}> : Nyamwezi, I<{nyn}> : Nyankole, I<{nyo}> : Nyoro, I<{nzi}> :
11047 Nzima, I<{oc}> : Occitan (post 1500), I<{oji}> : Ojibwa, I<{or}> : Oriya,
11048 I<{om}> : Oromo, I<{osa}> : Osage, I<{os}> : Ossetian; Ossetic, [I<{oto}> :
11049 Otomian languages], I<{pal}> : Pahlavi, I<{i-pwn}> : Paiwan, I<{pau}> :
11050 Palauan, I<{pi}> : Pali, I<{pam}> : Pampanga, I<{pag}> : Pangasinan,
11051 I<{pa}> : Panjabi, I<{pap}> : Papiamento, [I<{paa}> : Papuan (Other)],
11052 I<{fa}> : Persian, I<{peo}> : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.), [I<{phi}> :
11053 Philippine (Other)], I<{phn}> : Phoenician, I<{pon}> : Pohnpeian, I<{pl}> :
11054 Polish, I<{pt}> : Portuguese, [I<{pra}> : Prakrit languages], I<{pro}> :
11055 Old ProvenE<ccedil>al (to 1500), I<{ps}> : Pushto, I<{qu}> : Quechua,
11056 I<{rm}> : Raeto-Romance, I<{raj}> : Rajasthani, I<{rap}> : Rapanui,
11057 I<{rar}> : Rarotongan, [I<{qaa}>-I<qtz> : Reserved for local use.],
11058 [I<{roa}> : Romance (Other)], I<{ro}> : Romanian, I<{rom}> : Romany,
11059 I<{rn}> : Rundi, I<{ru}> : Russian, [I<{sal}> : Salishan languages],
11060 I<{sam}> : Samaritan Aramaic, [I<{smi}> : Sami languages (Other)], I<{sm}>
11061 : Samoan, I<{sad}> : Sandawe, I<{sg}> : Sango, I<{sa}> : Sanskrit, I<{sat}>
11062 : Santali, I<{sc}> : Sardinian, I<{sas}> : Sasak, I<{sco}> : Scots,
11063 I<{sel}> : Selkup, [I<{sem}> : Semitic (Other)], I<{sr}> : Serbian,
11064 I<{srr}> : Serer, I<{shn}> : Shan, I<{sn}> : Shona, I<{sid}> : Sidamo,
11065 I<{sgn-...}> : Sign Languages, I<{bla}> : Siksika, I<{sd}> : Sindhi,
11066 I<{si}> : Sinhalese, [I<{sit}> : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [I<{sio}> : Siouan
11067 languages], I<{den}> : Slave (Athapascan), [I<{sla}> : Slavic (Other)],
11068 I<{sk}> : Slovak, I<{sl}> : Slovenian, I<{sog}> : Sogdian, I<{so}> :
11069 Somali, I<{son}> : Songhai, I<{snk}> : Soninke, I<{wen}> : Sorbian
11070 languages, I<{nso}> : Northern Sotho, I<{st}> : Southern Sotho, [I<{sai}> :
11071 South American Indian (Other)], I<{es}> : Spanish, I<{suk}> : Sukuma,
11072 I<{sux}> : Sumerian, I<{su}> : Sundanese, I<{sus}> : Susu, I<{sw}> :
11073 Swahili, I<{ss}> : Swati, I<{sv}> : Swedish, I<{syr}> : Syriac, I<{tl}> :
11074 Tagalog, I<{ty}> : Tahitian, [I<{tai}> : Tai (Other)], I<{tg}> : Tajik,
11075 I<{tmh}> : Tamashek, I<{ta}> : Tamil, I<{i-tao}> : Tao, I<{tt}> : Tatar,
11076 I<{i-tay}> : Tayal, I<{te}> : Telugu, I<{ter}> : Tereno, I<{tet}> : Tetum,
11077 I<{th}> : Thai, I<{bo}> : Tibetan, I<{tig}> : Tigre, I<{ti}> : Tigrinya,
11078 I<{tem}> : Timne, I<{tiv}> : Tiv, I<{tli}> : Tlingit, I<{tpi}> : Tok Pisin,
11079 I<{tkl}> : Tokelau, I<{tog}> : Tonga (Nyasa), I<{to}> : Tonga (Tonga
11080 Islands), I<{tsi}> : Tsimshian, I<{ts}> : Tsonga, I<{i-tsu}> : Tsou,
11081 I<{tn}> : Tswana, I<{tum}> : Tumbuka, I<{tr}> : Turkish, I<{ota}> : Ottoman
11082 Turkish (1500-1928), I<{tk}> : Turkmen, I<{tvl}> : Tuvalu, I<{tyv}> :
11083 Tuvinian, I<{tw}> : Twi, I<{uga}> : Ugaritic, I<{ug}> : Uighur, I<{uk}> :
11084 Ukrainian, I<{umb}> : Umbundu, I<{und}> : Undetermined, I<{ur}> : Urdu,
11085 I<{uz}> : Uzbek, I<{vai}> : Vai, I<{ven}> : Venda, I<{vi}> : Vietnamese,
11086 I<{vo}> : VolapE<uuml>k, I<{vot}> : Votic, [I<{wak}> : Wakashan languages],
11087 I<{wal}> : Walamo, I<{war}> : Waray, I<{was}> : Washo, I<{cy}> : Welsh,
11088 I<{wo}> : Wolof, I<{x-...}> : Unregistered (Private Use), I<{xh}> : Xhosa,
11089 I<{sah}> : Yakut, I<{yao}> : Yao, I<{yap}> : Yapese, I<{yi}> : Yiddish,
11090 I<{yo}> : Yoruba, [I<{ypk}> : Yupik languages], I<{znd}> : Zande, [I<{zap}>
11091 : Zapotec], I<{zen}> : Zenaga, I<{za}> : Zhuang, I<{zu}> : Zulu, I<{zun}> :
11096 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11102 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
11112 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
11120 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11121 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11131 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11141 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11145 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11153 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
11163 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11167 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11168 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11169 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11170 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11182 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11192 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11196 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11206 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11216 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11217 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11227 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
11235 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11236 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11245 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
11255 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11259 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11260 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11261 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11271 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
11285 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11286 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11296 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
11312 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11325 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
11339 hostpath(), peerpath()
11349 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
11358 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11359 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11369 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11379 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11383 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11391 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
11402 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11406 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11407 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11408 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11409 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11421 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11431 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11435 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11445 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11455 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11456 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11466 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
11475 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11476 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11485 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
11496 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11500 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11501 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11502 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11512 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
11527 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11528 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11538 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
11539 AF_INET domain sockets
11555 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11568 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
11569 AF_UNIX domain sockets
11583 hostpath(), peerpath()
11593 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11603 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11604 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11615 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
11629 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
11642 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
11652 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11653 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11654 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11665 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
11683 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11693 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11694 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11705 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
11716 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11717 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11718 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11729 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
11737 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
11738 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
11740 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
11746 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
11747 general-utility list subroutines
11755 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
11756 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
11758 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
11764 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
11765 general-utility scalar subroutines
11773 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
11774 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
11782 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
11790 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11794 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
11802 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
11814 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
11820 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11822 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
11823 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
11829 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11831 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
11837 =item CODE ALIASING
11847 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11851 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
11852 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
11853 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
11854 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
11862 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
11863 identification (ISO 4217)
11881 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11883 code2currency(), currency2code()
11889 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11891 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
11899 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11903 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
11911 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
11928 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11930 code2language(), language2code()
11936 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11938 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
11946 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11950 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
11951 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
11959 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
11967 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
11973 =item Construction Methods
11975 $lh = YourProjClass->get_handle( ...langtags... ) || die "lg-handle?";, $lh
11976 = YourProjClass->get_handleB<()> || die "lg-handle?";, $lh =
11977 YourProjClass::langname->new();, $lh->init();,
11978 YourProjClass->fallback_languages(),
11979 YourProjClass->fallback_language_classes()
11981 =item The "maketext" Method
11983 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
11985 =item Utility Methods
11987 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
11988 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
11989 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
11990 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
11992 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
11996 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
11998 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
12000 =item BRACKET NOTATION
12002 =item AUTO LEXICONS
12004 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
12006 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
12010 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12016 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
12024 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
12028 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
12030 =item The Linguistic View
12032 =item Breaking gettext
12034 =item Replacing gettext
12036 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
12038 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
12040 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
12042 =item Buzzword: Concision
12044 =item The Devil in the Details
12046 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
12054 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
12062 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
12066 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
12074 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
12075 of quoted-printable strings
12083 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12089 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
12098 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12104 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
12112 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is
12121 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
12129 Canonical notation, Input, Output
12133 =item Autocreating constants
12141 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
12154 =item STRINGIFICATION
12158 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
12164 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
12166 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
12174 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
12182 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
12188 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
12190 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
12194 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12196 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
12200 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
12202 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12204 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
12205 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
12209 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
12215 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
12225 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
12233 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12239 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12243 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12247 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
12257 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
12263 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
12271 icmp, udp, tcp, stream, external
12277 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
12278 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
12286 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
12303 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
12320 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
12335 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
12352 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
12362 =item IMPLEMENTATION
12368 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
12376 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12382 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12386 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12390 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
12402 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
12404 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
12405 or optag, an operator set (opset)
12407 =item Opcode Functions
12409 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
12410 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
12411 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
12414 =item Manipulating Opsets
12416 =item TO DO (maybe)
12422 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
12424 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
12425 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
12426 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
12435 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
12444 a new namespace, an operator mask
12450 =item RECENT CHANGES
12452 =item Methods in class Safe
12454 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
12455 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
12456 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
12457 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
12459 =item Some Safety Issues
12461 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
12469 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
12482 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
12496 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
12497 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
12498 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
12499 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
12500 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
12501 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
12502 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
12503 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
12504 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
12505 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
12506 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
12507 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
12508 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
12509 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
12510 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
12511 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
12512 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
12513 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
12514 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
12515 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
12516 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
12517 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
12518 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
12519 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
12520 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
12527 =item POSIX::SigAction
12531 =item POSIX::SigSet
12533 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
12535 =item POSIX::Termios
12537 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
12538 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
12539 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
12540 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
12541 values, c_oflag field values
12545 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
12549 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
12553 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
12611 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
12620 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
12624 =item Defaults and how to override them
12634 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
12644 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
12652 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
12653 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
12654 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
12655 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
12656 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
12657 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
12658 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
12662 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
12668 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
12674 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
12686 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
12687 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
12688 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
12689 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
12690 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
12691 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
12692 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
12693 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
12698 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
12699 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
12700 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
12701 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
12702 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
12703 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
12707 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
12708 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
12720 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
12722 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
12725 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
12727 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
12729 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
12731 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
12733 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
12741 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
12753 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
12755 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
12762 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
12768 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
12770 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
12777 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
12789 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
12799 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
12800 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
12815 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
12828 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
12829 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
12835 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
12859 =item B<was_cutting()>
12865 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
12871 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
12877 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
12883 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
12889 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
12895 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
12901 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
12907 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
12913 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
12919 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
12925 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
12931 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
12937 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
12943 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
12949 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
12955 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
12961 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
12967 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
12973 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
12979 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
12985 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
12991 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
12997 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
13003 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
13009 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
13015 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
13021 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
13027 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13033 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
13045 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
13057 =item OBJECT METHODS
13065 =item Data Accessors
13081 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
13083 B<StartWithNewPage>
13097 =item Subclassed methods
13111 B<interior_sequence>
13127 =item Methods for headings
13135 =item Internal methods
13141 B<_replace_special_chars>
13147 B<_clean_latex_commands>
13163 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
13171 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
13176 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
13177 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape
13178 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on
13179 line %d, Unmatched =back
13189 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
13203 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
13211 $list-E<gt>indent()
13219 $list-E<gt>parent()
13225 =item Pod::Hyperlink
13227 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
13231 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
13233 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
13237 $link-E<gt>warning()
13239 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
13245 $link-E<gt>alttext()
13255 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
13261 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
13265 =item Pod::Cache::Item
13267 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
13271 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
13273 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
13275 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
13277 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
13279 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
13281 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
13283 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
13293 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
13305 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
13307 =item PARSING OPTIONS
13309 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
13310 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
13316 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
13324 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
13330 =item B<verbatim()>
13332 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
13338 =item B<textblock()>
13340 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
13346 =item B<interior_sequence()>
13352 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
13364 =item B<initialize()>
13370 =item B<begin_pod()>
13376 =item B<begin_input()>
13382 =item B<end_input()>
13394 =item B<preprocess_line()>
13400 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
13406 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
13412 =item B<parse_text()>
13414 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
13415 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
13416 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
13422 =item B<interpolate()>
13428 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
13434 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
13440 =item B<parse_from_file()>
13446 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
13452 =item B<errorsub()>
13464 =item B<parseopts()>
13470 =item B<output_file()>
13476 =item B<output_handle()>
13482 =item B<input_file()>
13488 =item B<input_handle()>
13494 =item B<input_streams()>
13500 =item B<top_stream()>
13506 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
13512 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
13518 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
13524 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
13532 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
13552 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
13565 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
13567 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
13573 =item OBJECT METHODS
13579 =item B<curr_headings()>
13591 =item B<add_selection()>
13597 =item B<clear_selections()>
13603 =item B<match_section()>
13609 =item B<is_selected()>
13615 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
13621 =item B<podselect()>
13623 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
13629 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
13635 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
13641 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
13647 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
13659 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
13667 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
13671 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
13672 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
13673 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
13685 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
13701 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
13718 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
13719 text with format escapes
13733 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
13742 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
13751 =item Recommended Use
13759 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
13763 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
13771 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13777 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13781 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13785 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
13793 a new namespace, an operator mask
13799 =item RECENT CHANGES
13801 =item Methods in class Safe
13803 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
13804 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
13805 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
13806 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
13808 =item Some Safety Issues
13810 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
13818 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
13826 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
13827 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
13835 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
13845 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
13855 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
13865 =item The __DATA__ token
13867 =item SelfLoader autoloading
13869 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
13871 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
13873 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
13875 =item Classes and inherited methods.
13879 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
13883 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
13893 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
13901 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
13902 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
13910 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
13911 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
13912 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
13913 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
13914 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
13918 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
13928 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
13932 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
13934 =item ERROR REPORTING
13942 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
13947 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
13948 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
13972 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
13986 =item Allowing fall-through
13988 =item Automating fall-through
13990 =item Higher-order Operations
14004 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
14014 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
14026 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
14027 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
14035 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
14036 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
14047 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
14048 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
14056 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
14057 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
14068 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
14078 Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
14079 comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
14090 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
14102 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
14110 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
14120 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
14121 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
14129 =item Minimal set of supported functions
14131 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
14132 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
14134 =item Additional supported functions
14136 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
14146 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
14156 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
14168 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
14178 =item The test script output
14180 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
14181 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
14182 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>
14190 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
14191 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
14192 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
14193 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
14197 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
14198 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
14209 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
14221 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
14231 =item General behaviour in list contexts
14235 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
14237 =item A note about prefixes
14239 =item C<extract_delimited>
14241 =item C<extract_bracketed>
14243 =item C<extract_tagged>
14245 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
14246 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
14248 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
14250 =item C<extract_quotelike>
14252 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
14254 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
14256 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
14258 =item C<extract_codeblock>
14260 =item C<extract_multiple>
14262 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
14268 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
14269 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
14270 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
14271 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
14272 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
14273 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
14274 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
14275 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
14276 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
14277 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
14278 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
14279 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
14284 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
14290 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
14305 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
14322 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
14337 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
14351 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
14364 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
14365 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
14366 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
14370 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
14378 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
14386 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
14388 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
14394 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
14402 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
14404 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
14408 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
14420 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
14430 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
14438 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
14439 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
14440 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
14441 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
14449 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
14458 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
14459 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
14460 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
14461 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
14463 =item MORE INFORMATION
14465 =item COMPATIBILITY
14469 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
14477 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
14478 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
14482 =item MORE INFORMATION
14486 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
14504 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
14513 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
14515 =item MORE INFORMATION
14519 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
14531 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution ualarm, usleep, and gettimeofday
14539 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
14540 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
14541 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
14542 getitimer ( $which )
14558 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
14566 =item IMPLEMENTATION
14572 =head2 Time::Piece - Object Oriented time objects
14584 =item Local Locales
14586 =item Date Calculations
14588 =item Date Comparisons
14590 =item YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
14594 =item strftime method
14596 %%, %a, %A, %b, %B, %c, %C, %d, %D, %e, %h, %H, %I, %j, %m, %M, %n, %p, %r,
14597 %R, %S, %t, %T, %u, %U, %V, %w, %W, %x, %y, %Y, %Z
14599 =item strptime function
14601 =item Global Overriding
14619 =head2 Time::Piece::Seconds, Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert
14620 seconds to other date values
14638 =head2 Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert seconds to other date values
14656 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
14671 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
14686 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
14698 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
14706 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
14707 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
14711 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
14726 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
14737 =item System Specifics
14751 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
14759 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
14761 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
14762 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
14763 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
14764 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
14765 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
14766 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
14767 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
14768 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
14769 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
14770 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
14771 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
14772 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
14773 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
14774 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
14775 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
14776 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
14782 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
14800 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
14812 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
14814 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
14815 don't all have manual pages yet:
14841 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles