4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Language-Specific
34 =item Platform-Specific
58 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
68 =item Running Perl programs
70 =item Basic syntax overview
72 =item Perl variable types
74 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
76 =item Variable scoping
78 =item Conditional and looping constructs
80 if, while, for, foreach
82 =item Builtin operators and functions
84 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
89 =item Regular expressions
91 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
92 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
94 =item Writing subroutines
98 =item Using Perl modules
106 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11
115 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
117 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
121 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
123 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
125 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
127 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
129 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
131 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
133 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
137 =item About the perlfaq documents
141 =item Where to get the perlfaq
143 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
145 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
152 =item Author and Copyright Information
156 =item Bundled Distributions
164 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
165 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
166 Initial Release: 11/March/97
170 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
178 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
188 =item Simple statements
190 =item Compound statements
198 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
202 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
204 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
210 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
224 =item Scalar value constructors
226 =item List value constructors
230 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
238 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
248 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
250 =item The Arrow Operator
252 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
256 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
258 =item Binding Operators
260 =item Multiplicative Operators
262 =item Additive Operators
264 =item Shift Operators
266 =item Named Unary Operators
268 =item Relational Operators
270 =item Equality Operators
274 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
276 =item C-style Logical And
278 =item C-style Logical Or
280 =item Range Operators
282 =item Conditional Operator
284 =item Assignment Operators
288 =item List Operators (Rightward)
294 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
296 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
298 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
300 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
302 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
304 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
305 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
306 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
307 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
309 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
311 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
312 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
313 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
314 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
319 =item Constant Folding
321 =item Bitwise String Operators
323 =item Integer Arithmetic
325 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
333 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
343 =item Private Variables via my()
345 =item Persistent Private Variables
347 =item Temporary Values via local()
349 =item Lvalue subroutines
351 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
353 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
355 =item When to Still Use local()
357 =item Pass by Reference
361 =item Constant Functions
363 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
367 =item Subroutine Attributes
375 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
383 =item Perl Functions by Category
385 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
386 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
387 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
388 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
389 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
390 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
391 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
392 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
393 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
394 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
399 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
401 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
402 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
403 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
404 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
405 chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr
406 NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir
407 DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt
408 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR,
409 defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR,
410 dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
411 BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
412 fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
413 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
414 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
415 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
416 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
417 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
418 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
419 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
420 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
421 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
422 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
423 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
424 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
425 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
426 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc,
427 lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
428 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log,
429 lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK,
430 mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
431 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES,
432 next LABEL, next, no Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module
433 LIST, no Module, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
434 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
435 FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord
436 EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
437 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
438 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
439 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
440 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
441 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
442 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
443 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
444 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
445 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
446 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
447 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
448 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
449 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
450 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
451 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
452 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
453 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
454 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
455 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
456 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
457 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
458 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
459 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
460 study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr
461 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
462 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
463 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
464 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
465 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
466 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
467 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
468 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
469 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
470 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
471 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
472 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
473 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
474 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
480 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
486 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
494 =item Making References
496 =item Using References
514 =item Distribution Conditions
520 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
526 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
527 more elaborate constructs
531 =item COMMON MISTAKES
533 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
535 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
541 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
545 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
547 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
549 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
553 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
557 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
559 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
561 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
565 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
569 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
571 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
573 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
577 =item HASHES OF HASHES
581 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
583 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
585 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
589 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
593 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
595 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
597 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
609 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
619 =item Simple word matching
621 =item Using character classes
623 =item Matching this or that
625 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
627 =item Extracting matches
629 =item Matching repetitions
633 =item Search and replace
635 =item The split operator
643 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
647 =item Acknowledgments
653 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
661 =item Ordinary Paragraph
663 =item Verbatim Paragraph
665 =item Command Paragraph
667 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
668 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
669 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
670 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
672 =item Formatting Codes
674 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
675 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
676 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
677 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
678 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
679 (zero-effect) formatting code
683 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
685 =item Hints for Writing Pod
695 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
702 =item Pod Definitions
706 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
707 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
709 =item Pod Formatting Codes
711 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
712 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
713 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
714 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
715 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
716 contains non-breaking spaces
718 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
720 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
722 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
724 =item About =over...=back Regions
726 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
734 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
742 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
760 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
762 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
763 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
764 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
765 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
767 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
769 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
770 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
771 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
775 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
777 =item Numerical Traps
779 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
781 =item General data type traps
783 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
784 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
786 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
788 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
790 =item Precedence Traps
792 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
795 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
797 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
798 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
801 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
803 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
809 =item Interpolation Traps
811 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
812 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
818 =item Unclassified Traps
820 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
827 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
837 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
839 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
841 =item Location of Perl
843 =item Command Switches
845 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
846 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
847 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
848 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
849 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
850 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
851 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
857 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
858 :perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
859 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
860 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port),
861 SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
865 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
873 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
881 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
883 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
885 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
889 =item Backward Compatibility
891 =item Category Hierarchy
895 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
907 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
915 =item Looking at data and -w and v
919 =item Stepping through code
921 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
923 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
941 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
947 =item The Perl Debugger
951 =item Debugger Commands
953 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
954 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
955 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
956 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
957 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
958 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
959 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
960 command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
961 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, @ file, H -number, q or
962 ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage]
964 =item Configurable Options
966 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
967 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
968 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
969 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
970 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
971 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
974 =item Debugger input/output
976 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
979 =item Debugging compile-time statements
981 =item Debugger Customization
983 =item Readline Support
985 =item Editor Support for Debugging
987 =item The Perl Profiler
991 =item Debugging regular expressions
993 =item Debugging memory usage
1001 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1009 =item Predefined Names
1011 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1012 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1013 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1014 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1015 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1016 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1017 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1018 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1019 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1020 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1021 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1022 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1023 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1024 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1025 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1026 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1027 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1028 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1029 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1030 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1031 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1032 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1033 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1034 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1035 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1036 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1037 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1038 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1039 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1040 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1042 =item Error Indicators
1044 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1052 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1060 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1062 =item Growing Your Own
1064 =item Access and Printing
1076 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1082 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1090 =item The Minus File
1092 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1098 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1102 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1106 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1110 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1112 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1114 =item Paths as Opens
1116 =item Single Argument Open
1118 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1122 =item Other I/O Issues
1126 =item Opening Non-File Files
1136 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1142 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1148 =item The Basic Principle
1152 =item Packing Numbers
1158 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1160 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1162 =item Floating point Numbers
1166 =item Exotic Templates
1178 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1182 =item Lengths and Widths
1186 =item String Lengths
1188 =item Dynamic Templates
1192 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1196 =item The Alignment Pit
1198 =item Alignment, Take 2
1200 =item Alignment, Take 3
1202 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1208 =item Funnies Section
1214 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1220 =item Part 1: The basics
1224 =item Simple word matching
1226 =item Using character classes
1228 =item Matching this or that
1230 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1232 =item Extracting matches
1234 =item Matching repetitions
1236 =item Building a regexp
1238 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1242 =item Part 2: Power tools
1246 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1248 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1250 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1252 =item Non-capturing groupings
1254 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1256 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1258 =item Conditional expressions
1260 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1262 =item Pragmas and debugging
1270 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1274 =item Acknowledgments
1280 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1290 =item Regular Expressions
1292 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1294 =item Extended Patterns
1296 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1297 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1298 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1299 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1303 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1305 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1307 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1309 =item Combining pieces together
1311 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1312 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1313 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1314 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1316 =item Creating custom RE engines
1326 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1336 =item Making References
1338 =item Using References
1340 =item Symbolic references
1342 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1344 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1346 =item Function Templates
1356 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1364 =item Format Variables
1374 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1382 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1390 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1392 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1394 =item Invoking a barnyard
1396 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1398 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1400 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1402 =item A few notes about @ISA
1404 =item Overriding the methods
1406 =item Starting the search from a different place
1408 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1410 =item Where we're at so far...
1412 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1414 =item Invoking an instance method
1416 =item Accessing the instance data
1418 =item How to build a horse
1420 =item Inheriting the constructor
1422 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1424 =item Adding parameters to a method
1426 =item More interesting instances
1428 =item A horse of a different color
1440 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1446 =item Creating a Class
1450 =item Object Representation
1452 =item Class Interface
1454 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1456 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1460 =item Other Object Methods
1468 =item Accessing Class Data
1470 =item Debugging Methods
1472 =item Class Destructors
1474 =item Documenting the Interface
1484 =item Overridden Methods
1486 =item Multiple Inheritance
1488 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1492 =item Alternate Object Representations
1496 =item Arrays as Objects
1498 =item Closures as Objects
1502 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1506 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1508 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1512 =item Metaclassical Tools
1518 =item Data Members as Variables
1526 =item Object Terminology
1532 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1538 =item Acknowledgments
1544 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1550 =item Class Data in a Can
1552 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1556 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1558 =item Inheritance Concerns
1560 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1562 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1564 =item Monadic Classes
1566 =item Translucent Attributes
1570 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1574 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1576 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1578 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1580 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1582 =item Translucency Revisited
1590 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1592 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1598 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1606 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1608 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1610 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1612 =item Method Invocation
1614 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1616 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1618 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1624 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1632 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1638 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1640 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1642 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1644 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1646 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1648 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1650 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1652 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1654 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1656 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1662 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1674 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1679 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1680 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1681 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1682 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1687 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1688 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1689 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1691 =item Tying FileHandles
1693 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1694 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1699 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1711 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1712 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1724 =item Deferred Signals
1726 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals
1727 triggered by operating system state
1731 =item Using open() for IPC
1737 =item Background Processes
1739 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1741 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1743 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1745 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1749 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1753 =item Internet Line Terminators
1755 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1757 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1761 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1765 =item A Simple Client
1767 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1769 =item A Webget Client
1771 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1775 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1777 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1779 =item UDP: Message Passing
1793 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1803 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1805 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1806 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1807 files, directories and network sockets
1809 =item Resource limits
1811 =item Killing the parent process
1813 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1815 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1817 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1818 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1819 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1831 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1839 =item Storing numbers
1841 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1843 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1845 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1846 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1847 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1856 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1864 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1866 =item Threaded Program Models
1878 =item Native threads
1880 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
1882 =item Threadsafe Modules
1888 =item Basic Thread Support
1890 =item Creating Threads
1892 =item Giving up control
1894 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1896 =item Ignoring A Thread
1900 =item Threads And Data
1904 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1906 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
1910 =item Synchronization and control
1914 =item Controlling access: lock()
1916 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1918 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1920 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1922 =item Basic semaphores
1924 =item Advanced Semaphores
1926 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
1930 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1934 =item What Thread Am I In?
1938 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1940 =item What Threads Are Running?
1944 =item A Complete Example
1946 =item Performance considerations
1948 =item Threadsafety of System Libraries
1956 =item Introductory Texts
1958 =item OS-Related References
1960 =item Other References
1964 =item Acknowledgements
1972 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1978 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1980 =item Threaded Program Models
1992 =item Native threads
1994 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1996 =item Threadsafe Modules
2002 =item Basic Thread Support
2004 =item Creating Threads
2006 =item Giving up control
2008 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2010 =item Errors In Threads
2012 =item Ignoring A Thread
2016 =item Threads And Data
2020 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2022 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2024 =item Controlling access: lock()
2026 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2028 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2032 =item Threads And Code
2036 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2038 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
2040 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
2042 =item Subroutine Locks
2046 =item Locking A Subroutine
2050 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2054 =item What Thread Am I In?
2058 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2060 =item What Threads Are Running?
2064 =item A Complete Example
2072 =item Introductory Texts
2074 =item OS-Related References
2076 =item Other References
2080 =item Acknowledgements
2088 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2094 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2103 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2105 =item Files and Filesystems
2107 =item System Interaction
2109 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2111 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2113 =item Standard Modules
2117 =item Character sets and character encoding
2119 =item Internationalisation
2121 =item System Resources
2131 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2132 http://testers.cpan.org/
2140 =item DOS and Derivatives
2148 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2156 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2160 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2162 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2163 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2164 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2165 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2166 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2167 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2168 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2169 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2170 getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
2171 setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
2172 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob
2173 EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
2174 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
2175 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
2176 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
2177 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
2178 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2179 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2180 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2181 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2182 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2183 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2184 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2185 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2186 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2192 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2193 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2194 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2195 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2196 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2197 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2199 =item Supported Platforms
2203 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2207 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2214 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2220 =item The use locale pragma
2222 =item The setlocale function
2224 =item Finding locales
2226 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2228 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2230 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2232 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2234 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2236 =item The localeconv function
2238 =item I18N::Langinfo
2242 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2246 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2248 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2250 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2252 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2256 =item Other categories
2264 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2265 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2271 =item Backward compatibility
2273 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2275 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2277 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2279 =item Freely available locale definitions
2283 =item An imperfect standard
2287 =item Unicode and UTF-8
2293 =item Broken systems
2303 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2313 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2315 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2317 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
2319 =item Creating Unicode
2321 =item Handling Unicode
2323 =item Legacy Encodings
2327 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2331 =item Advanced Topics
2335 =item Questions With Answers
2339 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2341 =item Further Resources
2345 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2349 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
2351 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2355 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2363 =item Important Caveats
2365 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2366 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2368 =item Byte and Character Semantics
2370 =item Effects of Character Semantics
2376 =item User-Defined Character Properties
2378 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
2380 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
2382 =item Unicode Encodings
2384 =item Security Implications of Unicode
2386 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2390 =item Using Unicode in XS
2398 =item Interaction with Locales
2400 =item Interaction with Extensions
2410 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2416 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2424 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2428 =item 13 variant characters
2436 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
2438 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
2440 =item Unicode and UTF
2446 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2448 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2450 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2464 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2466 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2468 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2470 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2478 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2480 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2482 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2484 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2488 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2492 =item URL decoding and encoding
2494 =item uu encoding and decoding
2496 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2498 =item Caesarian ciphers
2502 =item Hashing order and checksums
2506 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2518 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2538 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2546 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2548 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2550 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2554 =item Protecting Your Programs
2564 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2576 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2582 =item Making your module threadsafe
2590 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2600 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2601 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2615 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2621 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2625 =item Pragmatic Modules
2627 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes,
2628 charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer,
2629 less, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs,
2630 threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
2632 =item Standard Modules
2634 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2635 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2636 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2637 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2638 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2639 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2640 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2641 Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2642 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant,
2643 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2644 ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
2645 ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
2646 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2647 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2648 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2649 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
2650 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
2651 File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2652 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2653 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2654 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
2655 I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2,
2656 IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
2657 Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13,
2658 Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2659 Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
2660 Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
2661 Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2662 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2663 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2664 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2665 PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html,
2666 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils,
2667 Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2668 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, Pod::t::basic,
2669 SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket,
2670 Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
2671 Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
2672 Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple,
2673 Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2674 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
2675 Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2676 Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
2677 Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate,
2678 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2680 =item Extension Modules
2692 =item Central America
2704 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2708 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2710 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2712 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2720 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2726 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2730 =item Before you start
2738 =item Release considerations
2742 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2746 =item Has it been done before?
2748 =item Do one thing and do it well
2750 =item What's in a name?
2754 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2758 =item To OO or not to OO?
2760 =item Designing your API
2762 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2763 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2766 =item Strictness and warnings
2768 =item Backwards compatibility
2770 =item Error handling and messages
2774 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2780 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2784 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2788 =item Version numbering
2790 =item Pre-requisites
2800 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2804 =item Reinventing the wheel
2806 =item Trying to do too much
2808 =item Inappropriate documentation
2814 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2815 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2821 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2831 =item What should I make into a module?
2833 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2835 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2837 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2839 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2840 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2841 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2843 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2845 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2846 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2856 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
2857 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $)
2867 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2869 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2871 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2873 =item What is perl6?
2875 =item How stable is Perl?
2877 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2879 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2882 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2884 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2886 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2888 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2890 =item What is a JAPH?
2892 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2894 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2895 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
2899 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2903 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $,
2904 $Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $)
2912 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2914 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2916 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2918 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2921 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2922 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2924 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2925 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2927 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2929 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2931 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2933 =item Where should I post source code?
2937 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2939 =item Perl in Magazines
2941 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2943 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2945 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2947 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2949 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2951 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
2955 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2959 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2002/05/06
2968 =item How do I do (anything)?
2970 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2972 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2974 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2976 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2978 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2980 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2982 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2984 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2986 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
2987 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2988 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2990 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2992 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2994 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2996 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2998 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
3000 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
3002 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
3004 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
3005 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
3007 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
3009 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
3011 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
3013 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
3015 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
3017 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
3019 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
3021 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
3023 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
3025 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
3027 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
3029 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
3031 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
3032 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
3034 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
3036 =item What's MakeMaker?
3040 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3044 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.24 $, $Date: 2002/05/20
3055 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
3056 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
3058 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
3060 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
3063 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
3065 B<How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal:>, B<How do I convert from
3066 decimal to hexadecimal:>, B<How do I convert from octal to decimal:>, B<How
3067 do I convert from decimal to octal:>, B<How do I convert from binary to
3068 decimal:>, B<How do I convert from decimal to binary:>
3070 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
3072 =item How do I multiply matrices?
3074 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
3076 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
3078 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
3080 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
3088 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
3090 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
3092 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
3094 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
3096 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
3098 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
3100 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
3108 =item How do I validate input?
3110 =item How do I unescape a string?
3112 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
3114 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
3116 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
3118 =item How do I reverse a string?
3120 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
3122 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
3124 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
3126 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
3128 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
3131 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
3133 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
3134 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
3136 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3138 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3140 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3142 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3144 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3146 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3148 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3150 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3151 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3160 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3162 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3164 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3168 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3171 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3172 intersection of two arrays?
3174 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3176 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3178 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3180 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3182 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3184 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3186 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3188 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3190 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3192 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3196 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3200 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3202 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3205 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3207 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3209 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3211 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3213 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3215 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3217 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3219 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3221 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3223 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3225 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3228 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3229 array of hashes or arrays?
3231 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3239 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3241 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3243 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3245 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3247 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3249 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3251 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3255 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3259 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2002/05/23
3268 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3270 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3271 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3273 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3275 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3277 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3279 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3280 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3282 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3284 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3286 =item How can I write() into a string?
3288 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3290 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3292 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3294 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3296 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3298 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3300 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3302 =item How can I lock a file?
3304 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3306 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3307 the file. How can I do this?
3309 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3310 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3312 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3314 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3316 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3318 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3320 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3322 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3324 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3326 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3328 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3330 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3332 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3334 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
3335 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3337 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3339 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3340 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3342 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3344 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3348 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3352 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.11 $, $Date: 2002/05/23
3361 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3362 and unmaintainable code?
3364 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3366 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3368 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3371 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3373 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3376 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3378 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3380 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3382 =item What is C</o> really for?
3384 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3387 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3389 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3391 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3393 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3395 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3397 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3399 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3401 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3403 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3405 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3407 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3409 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3411 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3415 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3419 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
3420 2002/03/26 15:48:32 $)
3428 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3430 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3433 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3436 =item How do I skip some return values?
3438 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3440 =item What's an extension?
3442 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3444 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3446 =item How do I create a module?
3448 =item How do I create a class?
3450 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3452 =item What's a closure?
3454 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3456 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3459 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3462 =item How do I create a static variable?
3464 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3465 Between local() and my()?
3467 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3470 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3472 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3474 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3476 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3478 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3480 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3482 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3484 =item How can I find out my current package?
3486 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3488 =item How do I clear a package?
3490 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3494 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3498 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/05/16
3507 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3509 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3511 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3513 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3515 =item How do I print something out in color?
3517 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3519 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3521 =item How do I clear the screen?
3523 =item How do I get the screen size?
3525 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3527 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3529 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3531 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3533 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3535 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3537 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3539 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3541 =item How do I set the time and date?
3543 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3545 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3547 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3549 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3550 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3552 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3554 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3556 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3558 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3560 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3562 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3564 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3566 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3568 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3570 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3573 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3575 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3577 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3579 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3582 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3583 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3584 changes to be visible?
3588 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3591 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3593 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3595 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3597 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3599 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3601 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3603 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3605 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3607 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3609 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3611 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3613 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3616 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3618 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3622 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3626 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13
3635 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3637 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3640 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3642 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3644 =item How do I extract URLs?
3646 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3647 file on another machine?
3649 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3651 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3653 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3655 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3657 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3659 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3661 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3663 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3664 CGI script to do bad things?
3666 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3668 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3670 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3672 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3674 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3676 =item How do I send mail?
3678 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3680 =item How do I read mail?
3682 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3684 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3686 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3688 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3692 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3696 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3706 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3710 =item Using The Back Ends
3714 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3718 =item The Decompiling Back End
3720 =item The Lint Back End
3722 =item The Simple C Back End
3724 =item The Bytecode Back End
3726 =item The Optimized C Back End
3730 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3732 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3733 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3734 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3736 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3742 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3752 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3753 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3757 =item Compiling your C program
3759 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3761 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3763 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3765 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3767 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3769 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3771 =item Execution of END blocks
3773 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3775 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3780 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3790 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3796 =item Debugger Internals
3800 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3804 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3806 =item Debugging regular expressions
3810 =item Compile-time output
3812 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3813 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3814 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3817 =item Types of nodes
3819 =item Run-time output
3823 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3827 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3829 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3830 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3833 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3835 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3837 =item B<-DL> details
3841 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3849 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3861 =item Version caveat
3863 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3875 =item What has gone on?
3877 =item Writing good test scripts
3881 =item What's new here?
3883 =item Input and Output Parameters
3885 =item The XSUBPP Program
3887 =item The TYPEMAP file
3889 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3893 =item What has happened here?
3895 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3897 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3899 =item More about XSUB arguments
3901 =item The Argument Stack
3903 =item Extending your Extension
3905 =item Documenting your Extension
3907 =item Installing your Extension
3911 =item New Things in this Example
3915 =item New Things in this Example
3917 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3919 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3921 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
3923 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3939 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3951 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3953 =item The Argument Stack
3955 =item The RETVAL Variable
3957 =item The MODULE Keyword
3959 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3961 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3963 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3965 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3967 =item The CODE: Keyword
3969 =item The INIT: Keyword
3971 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3973 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3975 =item Default Parameter Values
3977 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3979 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3981 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3983 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3985 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
3987 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3989 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3991 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3993 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3995 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3997 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3999 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4001 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4003 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4005 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4007 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4009 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4011 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4013 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4015 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4017 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4019 =item The CASE: Keyword
4021 =item The & Unary Operator
4023 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4025 =item Using XS With C++
4027 =item Interface Strategy
4029 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4033 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4035 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4047 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4057 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4059 =item File Operations
4061 =item File Input and Output
4063 =item File Positioning
4065 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4067 =item Character Class Tests
4069 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4071 =item Miscellaneous functions
4079 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4091 =item What is an "IV"?
4093 =item Working with SVs
4097 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4099 =item Working with AVs
4101 =item Working with HVs
4103 =item Hash API Extensions
4107 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4109 =item Creating New Variables
4111 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4113 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4115 =item Stashes and Globs
4117 =item Double-Typed SVs
4119 =item Magic Variables
4121 =item Assigning Magic
4123 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4127 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4129 =item Localizing changes
4131 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4132 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4133 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4134 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4135 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4136 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4137 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4138 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4139 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4140 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4148 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4150 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4152 =item Memory Allocation
4156 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4160 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4170 =item Examining the tree
4172 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4174 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4176 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4178 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4180 =item Pluggable runops
4184 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4186 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4190 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4192 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4194 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4196 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4198 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4202 =item Internal Functions
4204 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4208 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4210 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4212 =item Source Documentation
4216 =item Unicode Support
4220 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4222 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4224 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4226 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4228 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4230 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4234 =item Custom Operators
4242 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4248 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4250 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4252 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4272 =item Determining the Context
4276 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4282 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4284 =item Passing Parameters
4286 =item Returning a Scalar
4288 =item Returning a list of values
4290 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4292 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4296 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4300 =item Using call_argv
4302 =item Using call_method
4306 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4308 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4310 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4311 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4314 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4316 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4328 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4338 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4339 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4340 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4341 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4345 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4347 =item Administration
4349 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4353 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4354 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4362 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4372 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4374 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4376 B<Decryption Filters>
4378 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4380 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4382 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4394 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4402 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4403 B<filter_fetch_value>
4409 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4411 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4421 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4427 =item "Gimme" Values
4429 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4431 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4433 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4434 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4435 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4437 =item Callback Functions
4439 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4440 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4442 =item Character classes
4444 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4446 =item Cloning an interpreter
4450 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4452 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4454 =item Embedding Functions
4456 load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
4457 perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4459 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4461 pack_cat, unpack_str
4463 =item Global Variables
4465 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4469 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4470 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4474 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4476 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4478 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4479 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4480 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4481 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
4482 hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4484 =item Magical Functions
4486 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4487 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4488 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4490 =item Memory Management
4492 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4493 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4495 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4497 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
4498 strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
4500 =item Numeric functions
4502 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4505 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4507 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4509 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4511 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4512 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4513 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4514 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4515 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4519 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4521 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4523 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4524 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4525 new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4526 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx,
4527 SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
4528 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4529 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4530 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4531 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX,
4532 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4533 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4534 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK,
4535 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
4536 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4537 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4538 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4539 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4540 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm,
4541 sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4542 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4543 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4544 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing,
4545 sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte,
4546 sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags,
4547 sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4548 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4549 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg,
4550 sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
4551 sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
4552 sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags,
4553 sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode,
4554 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags,
4555 sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4557 =item Unicode Support
4559 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4560 pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case,
4561 to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr,
4562 utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes,
4563 utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
4565 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4567 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4568 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4570 =item Warning and Dieing
4580 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4587 =item Global Variables
4589 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4600 =item Pad Data Structures
4604 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4608 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4610 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4618 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4628 =item History and Background
4630 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4632 =item Data Structures
4634 =item Functions and Attributes
4636 =item Per-instance Data
4638 =item Layers in action.
4640 =item Per-instance flag bits
4642 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4643 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4644 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4645 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4647 =item Methods in Detail
4649 name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, PERLIO_K_FASTGETS,
4650 PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, PERLIO_K_RAW, Pushed, Popped, Open, Getarg, Fileno, Dup,
4651 Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, Error, Clearerr,
4652 Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, Set_ptrcnt
4656 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4658 =item Extension Layers
4660 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Via"
4668 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4676 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4677 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4678 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4679 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4680 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4681 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4682 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4683 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4684 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4685 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4686 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4690 =item Co-existence with stdio
4692 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4693 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4695 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4697 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4698 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4699 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4700 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4702 =item Other Functions
4704 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4705 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4711 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4717 =item To do during 5.6.x
4721 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4723 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4725 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4727 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4729 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4733 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4735 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
4737 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4739 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4741 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4743 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4745 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4747 =item Complete signal handling
4749 =item Out-of-source builds
4751 =item POSIX realtime support
4753 =item UNIX98 support
4757 =item Long double conversion
4761 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4763 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4765 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4767 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4769 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
4771 =item Custom opcodes
4773 =item DLL Versioning
4775 =item Introduce @( and @)
4777 =item Floating point handling
4779 =item IV/UV preservation
4781 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4783 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4785 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4787 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4789 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4791 =item Document Win32 choices
4793 =item Check new modules
4795 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4799 =item To do at some point
4803 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4805 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4807 =item bitfields in pack
4809 =item Cross compilation
4811 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4813 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4815 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4817 =item -i rename file when changed
4819 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4821 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4823 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4825 =item my sub foo { }
4827 =item One-pass global destruction
4829 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4831 =item Cache recently used regexps
4833 =item Cross-compilation support
4835 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4837 =item debugger pragma
4839 =item use less pragma
4841 =item switch structures
4843 =item Cache eval tree
4847 =item Shrink opcode tables
4849 =item Optimize away @_
4851 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4855 =item Prototype method calls
4857 =item Return context prototype declarations
4861 =item Garbage collection
4865 =item Rewrite perldoc
4867 =item Install .3p manpages
4869 =item Unicode tutorial
4871 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4873 =item Retargetable installation
4875 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4877 =item Rename Win32 headers
4879 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4881 =item Update sprintf documentation
4883 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4885 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4887 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
4889 =item Should overload be inheritable?
4899 =item ref() in list context
4901 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4903 =item Compile to real threaded code
4905 =item Structured types
4907 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4909 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4913 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4917 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4919 =item Constant function cache
4921 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4929 =item Update guts documentation
4931 =item Add more tests
4933 =item Update auxiliary tools
4935 =item Create debugging macros
4937 =item truncate to the people
4939 =item Unicode in Filenames
4943 =item Recently done things
4947 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4949 =item Safe signal handling
4955 =item setitimer and getimiter
4957 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4959 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4961 =item Explicit switch statements
4969 =item perlcc to produce executable
4971 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4973 =item Secure temporary file module
4975 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4977 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4979 =item Mmap for input
4981 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4983 =item Add sockatmark support
4985 =item Mailing list archives
4989 =item Integrate MacPerl
4991 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4993 =item Regular expression tutorial
4995 =item Debugging Tutorial
4997 =item Integrate new modules
4999 =item Integrate profiler
5001 =item Y2K error detection
5003 =item Regular expression debugger
5007 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5009 =item Cache precompiled modules
5013 =item Deprecated Wishes
5017 =item Loop control on do{}
5019 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5025 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5027 =item Named prototypes
5029 =item Built-in globbing
5031 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5033 =item Cached hash values
5035 =item Add compression modules
5037 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5039 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5041 =item Make XS easier to use
5043 =item Make embedding easier to use
5047 =item my $Package::variable
5049 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5051 =item "class"-based lexicals
5055 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5057 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5059 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5061 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5067 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
5073 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
5074 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
5075 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
5076 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
5077 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
5078 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
5079 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
5083 =item Keeping in sync
5085 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
5086 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
5088 =item Why rsync the source tree
5090 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
5092 =item Why rsync the patches
5094 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
5095 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
5097 =item Perlbug remote interface
5099 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
5100 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
5102 =item Submitting patches
5104 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
5105 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
5107 =item Finding Your Way Around
5109 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
5111 =item Elements of the interpreter
5113 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
5115 =item Internal Variable Types
5121 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5123 =item Millions of Macros
5125 =item Poking at Perl
5127 =item Using a source-level debugger
5129 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5130 finish, 'enter', print
5132 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5136 =item Patching a core module
5138 =item Adding a new function to the core
5140 =item Writing a test
5142 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5143 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5145 =item Special Make Test Targets
5147 coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third
5148 ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8
5152 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5156 =item Rational Software's Purify
5158 =item Purify on Unix
5160 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5164 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5166 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5168 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5172 =item Gprof Profiling
5174 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5176 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5178 =item Pixie Profiling
5180 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5183 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5187 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5195 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5203 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5215 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5217 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5221 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5229 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5231 =item Incompatible Changes
5235 =item Binary Incompatibility
5237 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5239 =item AIX Dynaloading
5241 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time.
5243 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5245 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5247 =item New Unicode Properties
5249 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5251 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5257 =item Core Enhancements
5261 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5263 =item Restricted Hashes
5267 =item Unicode Overhaul
5269 =item Understanding of Numbers
5271 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5275 =item Modules and Pragmata
5279 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5281 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5285 =item Utility Changes
5287 =item New Documentation
5289 =item Performance Enhancements
5291 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5295 =item Generic Improvements
5297 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5301 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5305 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5309 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5311 =item Changed Internals
5313 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5317 =item Known Problems
5325 =item ext/threads/t/libc
5327 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO8859-15 Locales
5329 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
5331 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5333 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5335 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5337 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5341 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5347 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
5349 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5361 =item XML::Parser not working
5365 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5367 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5369 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5371 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5373 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
5375 =item The Long Double Support Is Still Experimental
5377 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5381 =item Reporting Bugs
5389 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5395 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5397 =item Incompatible Changes
5401 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5403 =item AIX Dynaloading
5405 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5407 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5413 =item Core Enhancements
5415 =item Modules and Pragmata
5419 =item New Modules and Distributions
5421 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5425 =item Utility Changes
5427 =item New Documentation
5429 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5433 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5435 =item Generic Improvements
5439 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5443 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5447 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5449 =item Source Code Enhancements
5453 =item MAGIC constants
5455 =item Better commented code
5457 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5465 =item Known Problems
5471 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5473 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5475 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5477 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5479 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5481 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5485 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5487 =item Failure of Thread tests
5497 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5499 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5501 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5503 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5505 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5507 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5511 =item Reporting Bugs
5519 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5525 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5527 =item Incompatible Changes
5529 =item Core Enhancements
5533 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5535 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5537 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5541 =item Modules and Pragmata
5547 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5551 =item Performance Enhancements
5553 =item Utility Changes
5555 =item New Documentation
5571 =item README.solaris
5575 =item Porting/repository.pod
5579 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5583 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5585 =item Generic Improvements
5587 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5588 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5589 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5593 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5597 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5601 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5603 =item Changed Internals
5607 =item Known Problems
5611 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5613 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5615 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5617 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5621 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5623 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5625 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5627 =item Failure of Thread tests
5629 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5631 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5633 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5635 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5639 =item Reporting Bugs
5647 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5653 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5655 =item Incompatible Changes
5657 =item Core Enhancements
5659 =item Modules and Pragmata
5665 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5669 =item Utility Changes
5671 =item New Documentation
5673 =item Performance Enhancements
5675 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5679 =item Generic Improvements
5683 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5687 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5691 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5693 =item Changed Internals
5695 =item Known Problems
5699 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5701 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5703 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5705 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5707 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5709 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5711 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5713 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5715 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5717 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5721 =item Reporting Bugs
5729 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5735 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5739 =item Security Issues
5741 =item Core bug fixes
5743 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5744 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5745 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5746 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5747 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5748 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5753 =item Configuration issues
5757 =item Bundled modules
5759 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5760 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5761 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5762 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5764 =item Platform-specific improvements
5766 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5770 =item Core Enhancements
5774 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5776 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5778 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5780 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5782 =item "our" declarations
5784 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5786 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5788 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5790 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5792 =item open() with more than two arguments
5794 =item 64-bit support
5796 =item Large file support
5802 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5804 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5806 =item File globbing implemented internally
5808 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5810 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5812 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5814 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5816 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5818 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5820 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5822 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5824 =item Comments in pack() templates
5826 =item Weak references
5828 =item Binary numbers supported
5830 =item Lvalue subroutines
5832 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5834 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5836 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5838 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5840 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5842 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5844 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5846 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5848 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5850 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5852 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5854 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5856 =item Improved diagnostics
5858 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5860 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5862 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5864 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5866 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5868 =item Improved security features
5870 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5872 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5874 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5876 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5878 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5880 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5882 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5886 =item Modules and Pragmata
5892 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5893 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5894 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5895 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5896 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5897 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5898 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5899 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5905 =item Utility Changes
5919 =item The Perl Debugger
5923 =item Improved Documentation
5925 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5926 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5927 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5928 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5930 =item Performance enhancements
5934 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5936 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5938 =item Faster subroutine calls
5940 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5944 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5948 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5950 =item New Configure flags
5952 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5958 =item -Duselargefiles
5960 =item installusrbinperl
5966 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5968 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
5972 =item Platform specific changes
5976 =item Supported platforms
5980 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5988 =item Significant bug fixes
5992 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5994 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5996 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5998 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6000 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6002 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6004 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6006 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6008 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6010 =item Locale bugs fixed
6014 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6016 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6018 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6020 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6024 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6026 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6027 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6028 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6029 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6030 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6031 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6032 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6033 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6034 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6035 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6036 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6037 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6038 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6039 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6040 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6041 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6042 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6043 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6044 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6045 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6046 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6047 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6048 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6049 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6050 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6051 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6052 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6053 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6054 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6055 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6056 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6057 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6058 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6059 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6060 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6061 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6062 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6063 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6064 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6065 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6066 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6067 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6068 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6069 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6070 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6071 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6072 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6073 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6074 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6075 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6079 =item Incompatible Changes
6083 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6085 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6086 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6087 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6088 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6089 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6090 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6091 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6092 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6093 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6094 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6095 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6097 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6099 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6101 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6103 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6105 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6109 =item Known Problems
6113 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6115 =item Known test failures
6119 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6121 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6123 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6125 =item Experimental features
6127 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6128 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6129 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6133 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6135 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6136 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6137 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6138 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6140 =item Reporting Bugs
6148 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6154 =item Core Enhancements
6158 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6160 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6162 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6164 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6166 =item "our" declarations
6168 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6170 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6172 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6174 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6176 =item open() with more than two arguments
6178 =item 64-bit support
6180 =item Large file support
6186 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6188 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6190 =item File globbing implemented internally
6192 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6194 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6196 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6198 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6200 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6202 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6204 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6206 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6208 =item Comments in pack() templates
6210 =item Weak references
6212 =item Binary numbers supported
6214 =item Lvalue subroutines
6216 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6218 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6220 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6222 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6224 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6226 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6228 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6230 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6232 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6234 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6236 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6238 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6240 =item Improved diagnostics
6242 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6244 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6246 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6248 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6250 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6252 =item Improved security features
6254 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6256 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6258 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6260 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6262 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6264 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6266 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6270 =item Modules and Pragmata
6276 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6277 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6278 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6279 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6280 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6281 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6282 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6283 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6289 =item Utility Changes
6303 =item The Perl Debugger
6307 =item Improved Documentation
6309 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6310 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6311 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6312 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6314 =item Performance enhancements
6318 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6320 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6322 =item Faster subroutine calls
6324 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6328 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6332 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6334 =item New Configure flags
6336 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6342 =item -Duselargefiles
6344 =item installusrbinperl
6350 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6354 =item Platform specific changes
6358 =item Supported platforms
6362 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6370 =item Significant bug fixes
6374 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6376 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6378 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6380 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6382 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6384 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6386 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6388 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6390 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6392 =item Locale bugs fixed
6396 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6398 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6400 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6402 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6406 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6408 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6409 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6410 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6411 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6412 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6413 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6414 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6415 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6416 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6417 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6418 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6419 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6420 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6421 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6422 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6423 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6424 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6425 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6426 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6427 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6428 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6429 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6430 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6431 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6432 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6433 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6434 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6435 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6436 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6437 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6438 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6439 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6440 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6441 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6442 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6443 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6444 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6445 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6446 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6447 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6448 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6449 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6450 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6451 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6452 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6453 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6454 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6455 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6456 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6457 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6461 =item Incompatible Changes
6465 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6467 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6468 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6469 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6470 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6471 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6472 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6473 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6474 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6475 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6476 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6477 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6479 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6481 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6483 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6485 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6487 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6491 =item Known Problems
6495 =item Thread test failures
6497 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6499 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6501 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6503 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6506 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6508 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6510 =item Experimental features
6512 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6513 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6514 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6518 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6520 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6521 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6522 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6523 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6525 =item Reporting Bugs
6533 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6539 =item About the new versioning system
6541 =item Incompatible Changes
6545 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6547 =item Default installation structure has changed
6549 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6551 =item C Source Compatibility
6553 =item Binary Compatibility
6555 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6557 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6571 =item Regular Expressions
6573 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6574 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6575 improvements, Incompatible changes
6577 =item Improved malloc()
6579 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6581 =item Reliable signals
6583 =item Reliable stack pointers
6585 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6589 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6591 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6593 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6595 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6597 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6599 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6601 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6603 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6605 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6607 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6609 =item Better locale support
6611 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6613 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6615 =item Extended support for exception handling
6617 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6619 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6621 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6623 =item New C<lock> keyword
6625 =item New C<qr//> operator
6627 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6629 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6631 =item Tied handles support is better
6633 =item 4th argument to substr
6635 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6637 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6639 =item <> now reads in records
6643 =item Supported Platforms
6649 =item Changes in existing support
6653 =item Modules and Pragmata
6659 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6660 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6661 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6663 =item Changes in existing modules
6665 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6666 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6670 =item Utility Changes
6672 =item Documentation Changes
6674 =item New Diagnostics
6676 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6677 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6678 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6679 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6680 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6681 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6682 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6683 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6684 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6685 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6686 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6687 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6688 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6689 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6690 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6691 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6692 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6694 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6696 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6697 temporary file, regexp too big
6699 =item Configuration Changes
6709 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
6715 =item Supported Environments
6721 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6723 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6725 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6727 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6729 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6731 =item More precise warnings
6733 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6735 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6737 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6739 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6741 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6743 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6745 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6747 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6749 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6751 =item Changes to tainting checks
6753 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6754 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6756 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6758 =item Embedding improvements
6760 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6762 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6764 =item New and changed syntax
6768 =item New and changed builtin constants
6772 =item New and changed builtin variables
6776 =item New and changed builtin functions
6778 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6779 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6780 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6781 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6782 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6784 =item New builtin methods
6786 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6788 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6790 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6791 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6793 =item Malloc enhancements
6795 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6797 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6801 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6817 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6818 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6824 =item Required Updates
6826 =item Installation directories
6828 =item Module information summary
6842 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6846 =item Utility Changes
6852 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6856 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6860 =item C Language API Changes
6862 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6865 =item Documentation Changes
6867 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6868 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6870 =item New Diagnostics
6872 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6873 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6874 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6875 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6876 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6877 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6878 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6879 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6880 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6881 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6882 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6883 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6884 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6885 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6886 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6887 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6888 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6889 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6890 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6891 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6892 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6893 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6894 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6895 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6896 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6906 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6914 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6918 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6920 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
6922 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
6924 =item Using Large Files with Perl
6930 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
6940 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
6950 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
6964 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
6966 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
6968 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
6970 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
6976 =item Accessing documentation
6980 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
6982 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
6984 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
6986 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
6990 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
6994 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
6996 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
6998 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7000 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7002 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7012 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7020 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7022 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7026 =item Contact Information
7028 =item Update 2002-05-25
7034 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7044 =item gzip on BS2000
7046 =item bison on BS2000
7048 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7050 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7052 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7054 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7056 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7058 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7060 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7094 =item Acknowledgements
7100 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7106 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7110 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7112 =item Cygwin Configuration
7114 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7118 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7122 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7124 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7126 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7127 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
7129 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7131 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7132 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7135 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7137 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7141 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7145 =item Warnings on Cygwin
7151 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7155 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7157 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7159 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
7163 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7165 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7167 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7168 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7170 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7178 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7190 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7194 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7196 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7198 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7200 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7210 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7220 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7224 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7226 =item Building Perl on DOS
7228 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7230 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7234 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7238 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7240 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7242 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7244 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7254 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7262 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7264 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7268 =item Editors on Epoc
7270 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7272 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7274 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7278 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7286 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7295 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7297 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7309 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7311 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7313 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7315 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7317 =item The GNU C Compiler
7319 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7321 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7323 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7325 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7327 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7329 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7331 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7335 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7343 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7351 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7359 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7368 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7370 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7372 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7374 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7384 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7398 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7404 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7410 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7418 =item Binary distribution from HP
7420 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7422 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7424 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7426 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7428 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7430 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7431 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7433 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7437 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7439 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7441 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7443 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7445 =item Perl/iX Change History
7461 SetNWDef.bat, Custom Build Environment, Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat
7473 =item Build new extensions
7475 =item Acknowledgements
7483 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7503 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7505 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7507 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7511 =item Frequently asked questions
7515 =item "It does not work"
7517 =item I cannot run external programs
7519 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7522 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7525 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7527 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7535 =item Automatic binary installation
7537 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7539 =item Manual binary installation
7541 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7542 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7543 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7544 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7545 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7551 =item Accessing documentation
7555 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7563 =item GNU C<info> files
7575 =item The short story
7579 =item Getting perl source
7581 =item Application of the patches
7589 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7592 =item Installing the built perl
7594 =item C<a.out>-style build
7602 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7604 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7606 =item Problems with tr or sed
7608 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7610 =item Library ... not found
7612 =item Segfault in make
7614 =item op/sprintf test failure
7618 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7622 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7626 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7628 =item Additional modules:
7630 =item Prebuilt methods:
7632 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7633 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7634 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7635 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7636 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7637 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7638 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7639 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7640 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7641 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7642 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
7644 =item Prebuilt variables:
7646 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
7652 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7655 =item Identifying DLLs
7657 =item Centralized management of resources
7673 =item F<perl___.exe>
7675 =item Why strange names?
7677 =item Why dynamic linking?
7679 =item Why chimera build?
7687 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7689 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7691 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7693 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7695 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7697 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7707 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7709 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7711 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7714 =item DLL forwarder generation
7718 =item Calls to external programs
7720 =item Memory allocation
7724 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7740 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7753 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7755 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7757 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7759 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7761 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7763 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7765 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7767 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7769 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7771 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7781 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7789 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7797 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7799 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7801 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7803 =item QNX auxiliary files
7807 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7815 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7825 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7827 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7829 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7831 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7835 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7839 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7851 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
7859 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
7865 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
7871 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
7873 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
7875 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
7879 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
7883 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7885 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
7887 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7891 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
7893 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
7894 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
7895 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
7901 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
7903 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7907 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
7909 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
7913 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
7917 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
7919 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
7923 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
7925 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
7927 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
7937 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
7938 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
7946 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
7948 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
7950 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
7952 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
7954 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
7956 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
7960 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
7962 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
7964 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
7970 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
7978 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
7980 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
7986 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
7996 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
7998 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8000 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
8002 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
8004 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
8014 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
8020 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
8028 =item Organization of Perl Images
8034 =item Perl Extensions
8036 =item Installing static extensions
8038 =item Installing dynamic extensions
8042 =item File specifications
8048 =item Wildcard expansion
8054 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8060 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8062 =item Command line switches
8068 =item Perl functions
8070 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
8071 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
8072 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
8073 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
8075 =item Perl variables
8077 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
8079 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
8093 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
8101 =item Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
8103 =item Stratus POSIX Support
8107 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
8111 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
8113 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
8117 =item USING PERL IN VOS
8121 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
8123 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
8125 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
8131 =item SUPPORT STATUS
8139 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
8149 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
8151 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
8152 SDK 64-bit Compiler, Mingw32 with GCC
8156 =item Testing Perl on Win32
8158 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
8160 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
8162 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
8163 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
8164 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous
8169 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
8173 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
8174 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
8175 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8183 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8185 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8197 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8207 =head2 threadshared::queue, threads::shared::queue - thread-safe queues
8215 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
8217 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
8223 =head2 threadshared::semaphore, threads::shared::semaphore - thread-safe
8232 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
8234 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
8238 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8239 data structures between threads
8251 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
8252 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8264 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8273 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8274 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->yield();, threads->list();, async
8279 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8283 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are
8284 not threadsafe, will not be
8286 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8292 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8302 =item Built-in Attributes
8304 locked, method, lvalue
8306 =item Available Subroutines
8310 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8312 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8314 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8322 =item Default exports
8324 =item Available exports
8326 =item Export tags defined
8336 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8348 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8364 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8378 =head2 bigint - Transparent big integer support for Perl
8390 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8394 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8414 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
8426 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8430 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8450 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
8472 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
8473 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
8474 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
8475 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
8476 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
8486 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8500 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8513 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8522 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8524 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8526 =item charnames::vianame(name)
8530 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
8536 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8548 =item List constants
8550 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8552 =item Magic constants
8556 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8566 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8577 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8579 =item The I<splain> Program
8593 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
8603 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
8604 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
8612 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
8616 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
8618 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
8620 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
8622 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8628 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8642 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8652 =item subpragma access
8658 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
8672 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8683 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8693 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8703 =item Adding directories to @INC
8705 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8707 =item Restoring original @INC
8719 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8730 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
8738 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8740 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8746 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8758 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8768 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8770 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8772 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8774 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8776 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8778 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8780 =item Overloadable Operations
8782 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8783 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8784 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8786 =item Inheritance and overloading
8788 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8789 is inherited by derived classes
8793 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8801 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8803 =item Copy Constructor
8809 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8811 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8812 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8813 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8816 =item Losing overloading
8818 =item Run-time Overloading
8820 =item Public functions
8822 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8824 =item Overloading constants
8826 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8828 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8830 =item Metaphor clash
8836 =item Two-face scalars
8838 =item Two-face references
8840 =item Symbolic calculator
8842 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8850 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8851 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8857 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8867 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8879 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8881 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8885 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8889 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
8897 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
8909 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
8917 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
8921 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
8931 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8940 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8941 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->yield();, threads->list();, async
8946 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8950 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are
8951 not threadsafe, will not be
8953 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8959 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
8960 structures between threads
8972 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
8973 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8985 =head2 threadshared::queue, threads::shared::queue - thread-safe queues
8993 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
8995 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
9001 =head2 threadshared::semaphore, threads::shared::semaphore - thread-safe
9010 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
9012 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
9016 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
9027 =item Utility functions
9029 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]),
9030 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
9039 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
9049 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
9057 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
9061 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
9069 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
9070 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
9071 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
9072 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
9073 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
9077 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
9087 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
9089 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
9099 =item DBM Comparisons
9109 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
9119 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
9123 =item Typed lexicals
9125 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
9127 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
9129 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
9131 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
9139 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
9140 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
9141 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
9142 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
9143 be able to apply END handler>
9153 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
9163 =item Subroutine Stubs
9165 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9167 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9169 =item Package Lexicals
9171 =item Not Using AutoLoader
9173 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
9183 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
9191 $keep, $check, $modtime
9195 =item Multiple packages
9203 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
9211 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
9215 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
9223 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
9237 =item B::PVMG METHODS
9241 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
9243 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
9245 =item B::PVLV METHODS
9247 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
9251 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
9255 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
9256 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
9260 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
9261 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
9265 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
9269 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
9274 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
9276 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
9280 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
9282 =item B::UNOP METHOD
9286 =item B::BINOP METHOD
9290 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
9294 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
9298 =item B::PMOP METHODS
9300 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
9301 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
9303 =item B::SVOP METHOD
9307 =item B::PADOP METHOD
9311 =item B::PVOP METHOD
9315 =item B::LOOP METHODS
9317 redoop, nextop, lastop
9319 =item B::COP METHODS
9321 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
9325 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
9327 main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
9328 regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP,
9329 METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE,
9330 PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c,
9331 cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
9337 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
9346 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
9352 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9364 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9384 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9394 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9395 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9396 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9406 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9416 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9417 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9418 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9429 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9439 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9440 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9441 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
9453 =item Context of ".."
9457 =item Deprecated features
9465 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
9477 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
9478 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
9479 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
9481 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
9483 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
9484 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
9485 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
9486 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
9487 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
9488 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
9489 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
9490 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
9496 =item OP flags abbreviations
9498 =item OP class abbreviations
9502 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
9508 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
9520 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
9530 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
9531 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
9533 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
9543 =item ambient_pragmas
9545 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
9557 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
9569 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
9577 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
9579 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
9580 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
9582 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9592 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9602 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9610 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9622 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9634 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9636 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9648 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9658 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
9666 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9686 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9700 =item Standard Exports
9702 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9703 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9704 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9706 =item Optional Exports
9708 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9709 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9710 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9726 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9730 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9744 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9754 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9755 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9756 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9766 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9778 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9780 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9782 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9784 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9786 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9788 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9790 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9792 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9794 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9796 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9798 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9800 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9802 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9804 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9806 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9808 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9810 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9812 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9813 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9817 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9818 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9821 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9823 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9824 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9829 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9833 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9835 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9837 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9839 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9841 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9843 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9845 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9847 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9848 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9850 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9854 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9858 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9860 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9862 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9864 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9866 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9868 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9869 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9871 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9875 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9879 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9881 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9883 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9885 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9889 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9891 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9893 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9897 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9899 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
9903 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
9907 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
9911 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
9915 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
9919 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
9921 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
9923 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
9927 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
9931 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
9937 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
9938 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
9940 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
9942 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
9943 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
9946 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
9952 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
9956 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
9958 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
9959 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
9960 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
9961 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
9962 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
9964 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
9966 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
9971 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
9973 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
9975 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
9976 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
9978 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
9980 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9984 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
9985 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
9986 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
9987 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
9988 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
9989 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
9990 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
9991 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
9992 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
9993 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
9994 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
9995 ...and many many more..
9997 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
10005 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
10015 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10023 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
10032 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
10034 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
10038 =item Changing the default message
10042 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
10052 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
10060 =item USING CGI::Cookie
10062 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
10066 =item Creating New Cookies
10068 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
10070 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
10072 =item Manipulating Cookies
10074 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
10078 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10086 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
10094 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
10096 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
10098 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
10100 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
10102 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
10104 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
10108 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10116 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
10126 =item Tags that won't be formatted
10128 =item Customizing the Indenting
10140 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
10148 =item USING CGI::Push
10150 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
10154 =item Heterogeneous Pages
10156 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
10160 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
10162 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10170 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
10180 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10188 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
10196 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10202 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
10212 =item Interactive Mode
10214 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
10215 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
10216 distribution, ls author, Signals
10224 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
10226 =item Programmer's interface
10228 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
10230 =item Methods in the other Classes
10232 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
10233 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
10234 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
10235 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
10236 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
10237 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
10238 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
10239 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
10240 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
10241 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
10242 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
10243 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
10244 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
10245 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
10246 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
10247 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
10248 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
10249 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
10250 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
10251 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
10252 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
10253 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
10254 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
10255 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
10256 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
10257 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
10259 =item Cache Manager
10263 =item Prerequisites
10265 =item Finding packages and VERSION
10269 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
10273 =item CONFIGURATION
10275 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
10276 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
10277 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
10278 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
10282 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
10284 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
10292 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
10294 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
10298 =item Three basic types of firewalls
10300 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
10302 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
10308 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
10320 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
10330 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
10343 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
10353 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10361 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10363 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10373 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10374 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10375 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10377 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10385 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10395 =item The C<struct()> function
10397 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10399 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10401 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10402 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10404 =item Initializing with C<new>
10410 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10412 =item Author and Modification History
10416 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10424 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
10436 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
10440 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
10441 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
10442 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
10443 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
10447 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
10451 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
10452 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
10453 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
10454 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
10455 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
10456 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
10457 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
10461 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
10462 C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>,
10463 C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
10464 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
10465 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
10466 C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>,
10467 C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>,
10468 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
10469 C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
10470 C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>,
10471 C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>,
10472 C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>,
10473 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>,
10474 C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
10475 C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
10476 C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>,
10477 C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
10478 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
10479 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
10480 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>,
10481 C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
10482 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>,
10483 C<d_gethostent_r>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>,
10484 C<d_getlogin_r>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
10485 C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>,
10486 C<d_getnetent_r>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
10487 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
10488 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>,
10489 C<d_getprotobynumber_r>, C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>,
10490 C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>,
10491 C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
10492 C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>, C<d_getservent_r>,
10493 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>, C<d_gettimeod>,
10494 C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
10495 C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>,
10496 C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>,
10497 C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
10498 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
10499 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
10500 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
10501 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
10502 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
10503 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
10504 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
10505 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
10506 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
10507 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
10508 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
10509 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
10510 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
10511 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>,
10512 C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
10513 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
10514 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
10515 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
10516 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
10517 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
10518 C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>,
10519 C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>,
10520 C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>,
10521 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>,
10522 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>,
10523 C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>,
10524 C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>,
10525 C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
10526 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>,
10527 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
10528 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
10529 C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>,
10530 C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
10531 C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
10532 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
10533 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
10534 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
10535 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
10536 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
10537 C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
10538 C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
10539 C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
10540 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
10541 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
10542 C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
10543 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
10544 C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
10545 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
10546 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
10547 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
10548 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
10549 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
10550 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
10554 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
10555 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
10556 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
10557 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
10561 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
10562 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
10567 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>, C<getgrgid_r_proto>,
10568 C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>, C<gethostbyname_r_proto>,
10569 C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>, C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>,
10570 C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>, C<getprotobyname_r_proto>,
10571 C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>, C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>,
10572 C<getpwnam_r_proto>, C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>,
10573 C<getservbyport_r_proto>, C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>,
10574 C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>,
10575 C<gmtime_r_proto>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
10579 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
10583 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
10584 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
10585 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
10586 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
10587 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
10588 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
10589 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
10590 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
10591 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
10592 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
10593 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
10594 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
10595 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
10596 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
10597 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
10598 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
10599 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
10600 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
10601 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
10602 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
10603 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
10604 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
10605 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
10606 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
10610 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
10614 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
10615 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
10616 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
10617 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
10618 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
10619 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
10624 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10625 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10626 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10630 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10631 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10635 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10636 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10637 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
10638 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
10639 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10643 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10644 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10648 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10649 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10653 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10654 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10655 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10656 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10660 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10664 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
10665 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
10666 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10670 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10671 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
10672 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
10673 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
10674 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
10675 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
10676 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
10677 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10678 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10679 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10680 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10681 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10682 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>,
10683 C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
10684 C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
10685 C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
10686 C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10690 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10691 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
10696 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10697 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10698 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10699 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10700 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10701 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10702 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10703 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10704 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10708 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10709 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10710 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10711 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10715 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10719 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10731 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10741 =item getcwd and friends
10743 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10745 =item abs_path and friends
10747 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10759 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10771 =item Global Variables
10773 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10774 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10779 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10780 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10782 =item Client Callback Methods
10784 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10785 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10786 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10796 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10804 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10808 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10810 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10812 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10814 =item Default Parameters
10816 =item In Memory Databases
10824 =item A Simple Example
10832 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10834 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10836 =item The get_dup() Method
10838 =item The find_dup() Method
10840 =item The del_dup() Method
10842 =item Matching Partial Keys
10850 =item The 'bval' Option
10852 =item A Simple Example
10854 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10856 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10857 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10858 length, elements);>
10860 =item Another Example
10864 =item THE API INTERFACE
10866 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10867 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10868 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10869 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10873 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10874 B<filter_fetch_value>
10880 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10882 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10886 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10890 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10892 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10894 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
10896 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
10898 =item The untie() Gotcha
10902 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
10906 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
10908 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
10910 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
10912 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
10932 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
10933 printing and C<eval>
10945 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
10946 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
10947 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
10954 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
10956 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10957 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10958 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10959 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10960 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10961 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10962 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10963 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10964 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10965 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10966 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10967 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10968 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10969 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10970 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
10990 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
10998 =item PROFILE FORMAT
11010 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
11032 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
11042 =item Runtime debugging
11044 =item Memory footprint debugging
11052 =item A simple scalar string
11054 =item A simple scalar number
11056 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
11058 =item A reference to a simple scalar
11060 =item A reference to an array
11062 =item A reference to a hash
11064 =item Dumping a large array or hash
11066 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
11068 =item A reference to a subroutine
11082 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
11092 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
11100 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
11104 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
11105 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
11106 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
11114 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
11124 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
11128 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
11129 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
11141 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
11153 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
11165 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
11166 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
11167 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
11172 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
11173 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
11179 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
11187 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
11188 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
11189 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
11190 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
11197 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
11210 =head2 Encode - character encodings
11218 =item Table of Contents
11230 =item PERL ENCODING API
11232 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
11233 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
11234 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
11239 =item Listing available encodings
11241 =item Defining Aliases
11245 =item Encoding via PerlIO
11247 =item Handling Malformed Data
11249 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
11250 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
11251 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
11252 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
11257 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
11261 =item Defining Encodings
11263 =item The UTF-8 flag
11265 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
11269 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
11271 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
11281 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
11289 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11294 =item Alias overloading
11302 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
11316 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11318 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
11334 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
11336 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
11338 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
11352 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
11362 =item Methods you should implement
11364 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11366 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11368 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11370 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11374 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11378 =item Compiled Encodings
11384 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11388 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
11398 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11399 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11400 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11410 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
11420 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
11428 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11430 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
11432 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
11446 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
11448 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
11464 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
11470 =item How does it work?
11478 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11486 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
11494 =item Encoding Names
11498 =item Supported Encodings
11502 =item Built-in Encodings
11504 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11506 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11508 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11509 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11511 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11513 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11514 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11515 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11517 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11519 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11523 =item Unsupported encodings
11525 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11526 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11527 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11528 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11530 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11532 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11536 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11538 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11544 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11545 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11552 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11553 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11557 =item Other Notable Sites
11559 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11560 "Introduction to i18n"
11562 =item Offline sources
11564 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11570 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
11584 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
11600 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
11608 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
11610 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
11616 =item by endianness
11618 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
11622 =item Surrogate Pairs
11628 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
11637 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11642 =item Alias overloading
11650 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
11651 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11653 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
11656 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
11659 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
11660 Implementation Base Class
11670 =item Methods you should implement
11672 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11674 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11676 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11678 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11682 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11686 =item Compiled Encodings
11692 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11696 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
11707 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11708 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11709 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11719 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
11720 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11722 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
11725 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
11728 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
11729 and 'Q' header encoding
11745 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
11746 on Encode and PerlIO
11752 =item How does it work?
11760 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11768 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
11769 supported by Encode
11777 =item Encoding Names
11781 =item Supported Encodings
11785 =item Built-in Encodings
11787 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11789 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11791 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11792 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11794 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11796 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11797 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11798 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11800 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11802 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11806 =item Unsupported encodings
11808 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11809 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11810 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11811 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11813 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11815 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11819 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11821 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11827 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11828 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11835 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11836 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11840 =item Other Notable Sites
11842 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11843 "Introduction to i18n"
11845 =item Offline sources
11847 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11853 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11859 use Encode::Encoder;
11860 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11861 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11863 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11864 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11865 # you can stack them!
11866 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11867 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11868 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
11870 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
11872 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
11880 =item Predefined Methods
11882 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
11883 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
11884 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
11886 =item Example: base64 transcoder
11888 =item Operator Overloading
11896 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
11897 non-ascii or non-utf8
11907 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
11908 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
11916 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
11920 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
11922 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
11924 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
11926 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
11932 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11938 use Encode::Encoder;
11939 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11940 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11942 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11943 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11944 # you can stack them!
11945 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11946 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11947 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
11949 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
11951 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
11959 =item Predefined Methods
11961 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
11962 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
11963 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
11965 =item Example: base64 transcoder
11967 =item Operator Overloading
11975 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
11988 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
12003 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
12019 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
12029 =item How to Export
12031 =item Selecting What To Export
12033 =item How to Import
12035 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
12039 =item Advanced features
12043 =item Specialised Import Lists
12045 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
12047 =item Module Version Checking
12049 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
12051 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
12053 =item Generating combined tags
12055 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
12061 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
12071 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
12092 mv source... destination
12094 cp source... destination
12112 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
12124 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
12134 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
12142 perl_stringify NAME
12146 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
12148 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
12152 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
12160 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
12163 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12165 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
12167 WriteMakefileSnippet
12169 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
12170 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12178 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
12190 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
12191 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
12201 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
12211 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
12223 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
12224 packlist(), version()
12232 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
12240 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
12241 dynamic extensions at load time
12247 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
12257 =item VMS implementation
12259 =item Win32 implementation
12267 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
12277 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
12285 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
12289 =item File::Spec wrappers B<DEPRECATED>
12303 file_name_is_absolute
12313 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
12327 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12328 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12340 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12341 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12349 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
12353 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12363 =item Overridden methods
12365 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12379 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12380 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12422 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12423 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12439 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12440 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12454 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12464 =item Overridden methods
12466 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12480 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12494 =item SelfLoaded methods
12546 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
12594 maybe_command_in_dirs
12618 post_initialize (o)
12632 replace_manpage_separator
12646 test_via_harness (override)
12648 test_via_script (override)
12678 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12679 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12689 =item Methods always loaded
12701 guess_name (override)
12705 find_perl (override)
12707 maybe_command (override)
12709 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
12711 perl_script (override)
12713 replace_manpage_separator
12715 init_main (override)
12717 init_others (override)
12719 constants (override)
12723 const_cccmd (override)
12725 pm_to_blib (override)
12727 tool_autosplit (override)
12729 tool_sxubpp (override)
12731 xsubpp_version (override)
12733 tools_other (override)
12743 top_targets (override)
12747 dynamic_lib (override)
12749 dynamic_bs (override)
12751 static_lib (override)
12753 manifypods (override)
12755 processPL (override)
12757 installbin (override)
12759 subdir_x (override)
12763 realclean (override)
12765 dist_core (override)
12767 dist_test (override)
12771 perldepend (override)
12773 makefile (override)
12775 find_tests (override)
12779 makeaperl (override)
12781 nicetext (override)
12783 prefixify (override)
12785 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12786 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12808 tool_autosplit (override)
12824 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
12834 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
12844 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
12854 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
12856 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
12864 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
12868 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
12870 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
12872 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
12874 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
12876 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
12877 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
12878 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST,
12879 FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
12880 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT,
12881 INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR,
12882 INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB,
12883 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
12884 INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A,
12885 LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
12886 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE,
12887 PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK,
12888 PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS,
12889 PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX,
12890 PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PRINT, PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP,
12891 TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
12892 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
12894 =item Additional lowercase attributes
12896 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
12899 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
12901 =item Hintsfile support
12903 =item Distribution Support
12905 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
12906 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
12907 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
12909 =item Disabling an extension
12915 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
12923 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
12931 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
12935 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
12939 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
12940 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
12944 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
12952 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
12964 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
12974 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
12983 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
12991 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
13003 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
13011 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
13021 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
13033 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
13043 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
13047 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
13055 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
13059 C<basename>, C<dirname>
13063 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
13077 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
13091 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
13101 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
13103 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
13115 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
13125 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
13137 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
13145 B<find>, B<finddepth>
13151 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
13152 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
13153 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
13155 =item The wanted function
13157 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
13158 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
13159 pathname to the file
13167 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
13175 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
13183 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
13184 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
13185 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
13189 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
13197 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
13209 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
13219 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
13220 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
13221 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
13229 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
13239 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
13257 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
13275 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
13303 file_name_is_absolute
13333 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
13343 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
13376 file_name_is_absolute
13398 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
13414 =item Methods always loaded
13416 canonpath (override)
13434 case_tolerant (override)
13438 file_name_is_absolute (override)
13440 splitpath (override)
13442 splitdir (override)
13456 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
13486 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
13510 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
13524 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
13534 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
13542 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
13550 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
13552 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
13564 =item Temporary files and NFS
13576 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
13590 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
13598 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
13606 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
13614 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
13620 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
13634 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
13636 =item All-in-one interface
13638 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
13640 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
13643 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
13645 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
13646 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
13647 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
13649 described in the previous section.
13651 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
13653 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
13665 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
13675 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
13679 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
13681 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
13689 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
13691 =item Example 2: Using the context
13693 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
13695 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
13699 =item Filter::Simple
13707 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
13715 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
13727 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
13743 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
13751 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
13753 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
13757 =item Simple options
13759 =item A little bit less simple options
13761 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
13763 =item Options with values
13765 =item Options with multiple values
13767 =item Options with hash values
13769 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
13771 =item Options with multiple names
13773 =item Case and abbreviations
13775 =item Summary of Option Specifications
13777 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
13782 =item Advanced Possibilities
13786 =item Object oriented interface
13788 =item Documentation and help texts
13790 =item Storing options in a hash
13794 =item The lonesome dash
13796 =item Argument callback
13800 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
13802 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
13803 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
13804 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
13805 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
13806 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
13808 =item Return values and Errors
13814 =item Default destinations
13816 =item Alternative option starters
13818 =item Configuration variables
13822 =item Trouble Shooting
13826 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
13828 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
13831 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
13833 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
13839 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13843 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
13854 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
13864 =item Restricted hashes
13866 lock_keys, unlock_keys
13872 lock_value, unlock_value
13874 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
13884 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
13895 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
13906 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
13908 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
13910 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
13912 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
13914 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
13916 the function super_languages($lang1)
13918 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
13920 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
13922 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
13924 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
13928 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
13930 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
13940 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
13948 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
13950 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
13952 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
13953 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
13954 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
13955 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
13956 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
13957 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
13958 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
13959 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
13960 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
13961 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
13962 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
13963 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
13964 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
13965 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
13966 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
13967 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
13968 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
13969 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
13970 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
13971 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
13972 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
13973 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
13974 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
13975 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
13976 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
13977 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
13978 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
13979 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
13980 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
13981 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
13982 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
13983 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
13984 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
13985 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
13986 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
13987 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
13988 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
13989 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
13990 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
13991 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
13992 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
13993 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
13994 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
13995 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
13996 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
13997 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
13998 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
13999 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
14000 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
14001 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
14002 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
14003 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
14004 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
14005 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
14006 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
14007 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
14008 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
14009 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
14010 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
14011 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
14012 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
14013 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
14014 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
14015 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
14016 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
14017 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
14018 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
14019 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
14020 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
14021 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
14022 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
14023 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
14024 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
14025 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
14026 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
14027 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
14028 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
14029 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
14030 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
14031 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
14032 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
14033 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
14034 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
14035 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
14036 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
14037 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
14038 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
14039 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
14040 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
14041 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
14042 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
14043 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
14044 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
14045 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
14046 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
14047 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
14048 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
14049 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
14050 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
14051 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
14052 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
14053 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
14054 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
14055 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
14056 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
14057 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
14058 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
14059 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
14060 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
14061 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
14062 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
14063 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
14064 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
14065 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
14066 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
14067 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
14068 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
14069 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
14070 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
14074 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14080 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
14098 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14102 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
14112 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
14120 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14121 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14131 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14141 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14145 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14153 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
14163 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14167 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14168 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14169 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14170 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14182 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14192 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14196 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14206 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14216 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14217 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14227 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
14235 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14236 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14245 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
14255 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14259 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14260 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14261 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14271 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
14285 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14286 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14296 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
14312 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14325 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
14339 hostpath(), peerpath()
14349 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
14358 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14359 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14369 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14379 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14383 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14391 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
14402 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14406 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14407 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14408 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14409 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14421 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14431 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14435 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14445 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14455 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14456 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14466 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
14475 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14476 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14485 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
14496 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14500 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14501 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14502 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14512 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
14527 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14528 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14538 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
14539 AF_INET domain sockets
14555 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14568 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
14569 AF_UNIX domain sockets
14583 hostpath(), peerpath()
14593 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14603 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14604 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14615 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
14629 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
14642 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
14652 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14653 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14654 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14665 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
14683 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14693 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14694 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14705 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
14716 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14717 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14718 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14729 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
14737 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14738 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14742 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14748 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
14749 general-utility list subroutines
14757 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14758 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14762 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14768 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
14769 general-utility scalar subroutines
14777 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
14778 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14788 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
14796 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14800 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
14808 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
14816 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
14818 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14820 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
14821 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
14823 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14825 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
14827 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
14833 =item rename_country
14841 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14845 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
14846 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
14847 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
14848 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
14856 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
14857 identification (ISO 4217)
14867 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14869 code2currency(), currency2code()
14871 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14873 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
14877 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14881 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
14882 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
14890 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
14899 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14901 code2language(), language2code()
14903 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14905 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
14909 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14913 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
14914 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
14922 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
14930 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
14936 =item Construction Methods
14938 =item The "maketext" Method
14940 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
14942 =item Utility Methods
14944 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
14945 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
14946 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
14947 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
14949 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
14953 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
14955 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
14957 =item BRACKET NOTATION
14959 =item AUTO LEXICONS
14961 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
14963 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
14967 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14973 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
14981 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
14985 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
14987 =item The Linguistic View
14989 =item Breaking gettext
14991 =item Replacing gettext
14993 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
14995 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
14997 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
14999 =item Buzzword: Concision
15001 =item The Devil in the Details
15003 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
15011 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
15019 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
15023 =item SPECIAL CODES
15027 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15029 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
15030 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
15032 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15034 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
15038 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15042 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
15043 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
15051 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
15059 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
15063 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
15071 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
15072 of quoted-printable strings
15080 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15086 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
15095 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15101 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
15111 =item Canonical notation
15115 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
15117 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
15121 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
15122 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
15130 =item Autocreating constants
15136 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
15144 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
15152 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
15160 Canonical notation, Input, Output
15182 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
15184 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
15186 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
15187 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
15189 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
15271 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
15281 =item Rounding mode R
15283 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
15284 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
15285 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
15298 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
15306 =item Autocreating constants
15312 =item Alternative math libraries
15318 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
15326 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
15332 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
15336 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
15337 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
15338 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
15348 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
15358 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
15362 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
15364 the same terms as Perl itself.
15372 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals
15396 $d = $x->denominator();
15412 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
15425 =item STRINGIFICATION
15429 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
15435 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
15437 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
15445 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
15453 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
15459 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
15461 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
15465 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15467 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
15471 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
15473 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15475 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
15476 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
15480 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
15486 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
15496 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
15514 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
15516 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
15520 =item OTHER FACILITIES
15526 =item C<flush_cache>
15532 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
15534 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
15542 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15548 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
15557 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
15568 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
15580 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15588 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15596 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
15605 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
15614 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
15622 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
15630 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15636 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15640 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15644 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
15654 =item Enforcing redispatch
15656 =item Avoiding repetitions
15662 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15668 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
15678 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
15681 =item CLASS METHODS
15683 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
15684 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
15685 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
15695 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
15705 requires_firewall HOST
15707 =item NetConfig VALUES
15709 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
15710 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
15711 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
15715 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
15724 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
15732 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
15744 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
15748 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
15749 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
15750 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
15751 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
15752 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
15753 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
15754 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
15755 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
15756 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
15757 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
15758 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
15759 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
15760 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
15764 =item Methods for the adventurous
15770 =item THE dataconn CLASS
15772 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
15773 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
15775 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
15777 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
15779 =item REPORTING BUGS
15787 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
15795 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
15805 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
15809 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
15810 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
15811 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
15812 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
15813 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
15814 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
15815 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
15819 =item Extension methods
15821 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
15822 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
15823 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
15824 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
15833 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
15843 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
15855 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
15859 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
15860 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
15861 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
15862 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
15874 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
15886 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 }
15887 );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);,
15888 $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
15902 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
15914 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
15918 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
15919 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
15920 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
15921 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
15922 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
15923 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
15934 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
15942 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
15943 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
15951 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
15968 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
15976 =item Where to get this document
15978 =item How to contribute to this document
15982 =item Author and Copyright Information
15990 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
15994 =item What is libnet ?
15996 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
15998 =item What other modules do I need ?
16000 =item What machines support libnet ?
16002 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
16006 =item Using Net::FTP
16010 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
16012 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
16014 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
16016 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
16019 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
16021 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
16023 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
16025 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
16027 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
16029 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
16032 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
16034 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
16037 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
16040 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
16044 =item Using Net::SMTP
16048 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
16051 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
16053 =item The verify method always returns true ?
16057 =item Debugging scripts
16061 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
16065 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
16069 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
16086 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
16101 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
16118 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
16126 =item THE .netrc FILE
16128 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
16133 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
16137 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
16147 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
16157 =item IMPLEMENTATION
16165 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
16173 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16179 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16183 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16187 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
16199 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
16201 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
16202 or optag, an operator set (opset)
16204 =item Opcode Functions
16206 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
16207 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
16208 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
16211 =item Manipulating Opsets
16213 =item TO DO (maybe)
16219 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
16221 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
16222 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
16223 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
16232 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
16241 a new namespace, an operator mask
16247 =item RECENT CHANGES
16249 =item Methods in class Safe
16251 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16252 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16253 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16254 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16256 =item Some Safety Issues
16258 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16266 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
16279 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
16293 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
16294 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
16295 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
16296 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
16297 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
16298 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
16299 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
16300 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
16301 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
16302 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
16303 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
16304 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
16305 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
16306 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
16307 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
16308 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
16309 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
16310 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
16311 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
16312 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
16313 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
16314 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
16315 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
16316 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
16317 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
16324 =item POSIX::SigAction
16328 =item POSIX::SigSet
16330 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
16332 =item POSIX::Termios
16334 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
16335 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
16336 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
16337 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
16338 values, c_oflag field values
16342 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
16346 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
16350 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
16404 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
16405 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
16409 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
16418 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw
16422 =item Defaults and how to override them
16432 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
16442 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
16450 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
16451 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
16452 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
16453 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
16454 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
16455 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
16456 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
16460 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
16466 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
16478 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
16484 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
16490 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
16502 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
16503 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
16504 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
16505 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
16506 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
16507 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
16508 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
16509 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
16514 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
16515 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
16516 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
16517 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
16518 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
16519 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
16523 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
16524 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
16536 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
16538 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
16541 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
16543 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
16545 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
16547 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
16549 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
16557 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
16569 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
16571 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
16578 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
16584 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
16586 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
16593 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
16605 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
16615 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
16616 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
16631 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
16644 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
16645 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
16651 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
16675 =item B<was_cutting()>
16681 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
16687 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
16693 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16699 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
16705 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16711 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
16717 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
16723 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16729 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16735 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
16741 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
16747 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16753 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16759 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
16765 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
16771 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16777 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
16783 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
16789 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16795 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16801 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
16807 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
16813 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
16819 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
16825 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
16831 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16837 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
16843 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16849 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
16861 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
16873 =item OBJECT METHODS
16881 =item Data Accessors
16897 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
16899 B<StartWithNewPage>
16913 =item Subclassed methods
16927 B<interior_sequence>
16943 =item Methods for headings
16951 =item Internal methods
16957 B<_replace_special_chars>
16959 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
16965 B<_clean_latex_commands>
16967 B<_split_delimited>
16983 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
16991 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
16996 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
16997 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
16998 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
17009 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17013 =head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
17023 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17027 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
17041 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
17049 $list-E<gt>indent()
17057 $list-E<gt>parent()
17063 =item Pod::Hyperlink
17065 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
17069 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
17071 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
17075 $link-E<gt>warning()
17077 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
17083 $link-E<gt>alttext()
17093 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
17099 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
17103 =item Pod::Cache::Item
17105 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
17109 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
17111 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
17113 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
17115 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
17117 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
17119 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
17121 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
17131 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
17143 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
17145 =item PARSING OPTIONS
17147 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
17148 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
17154 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17162 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17168 =item B<verbatim()>
17170 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17176 =item B<textblock()>
17178 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17184 =item B<interior_sequence()>
17190 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17202 =item B<initialize()>
17208 =item B<begin_pod()>
17214 =item B<begin_input()>
17220 =item B<end_input()>
17232 =item B<preprocess_line()>
17238 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
17244 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
17250 =item B<parse_text()>
17252 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
17253 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
17254 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
17260 =item B<interpolate()>
17266 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
17272 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
17278 =item B<parse_from_file()>
17284 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
17290 =item B<errorsub()>
17302 =item B<parseopts()>
17308 =item B<output_file()>
17314 =item B<output_handle()>
17320 =item B<input_file()>
17326 =item B<input_handle()>
17332 =item B<input_streams()>
17338 =item B<top_stream()>
17344 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17350 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
17356 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
17362 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
17370 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
17390 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
17403 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
17405 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
17411 =item OBJECT METHODS
17417 =item B<curr_headings()>
17429 =item B<add_selection()>
17435 =item B<clear_selections()>
17441 =item B<match_section()>
17447 =item B<is_selected()>
17453 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
17459 =item B<podselect()>
17461 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
17467 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17473 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
17479 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
17485 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
17497 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
17505 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
17509 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
17510 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
17511 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
17522 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17526 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
17540 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17544 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
17559 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17563 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
17564 text with format escapes
17578 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17582 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
17591 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
17600 =item Recommended Use
17608 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
17612 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
17619 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17623 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
17627 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17631 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
17637 =item OVER AND ITEMS
17639 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
17642 =item FORMATTING CODES
17644 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
17652 =head2 Pod::t::htmlescp, Escape Sequences Test
17660 =head2 Pod::t::htmlview, Test HTML Rendering
17668 =item METHODS =E<gt> OTHER STUFF
17674 foo, bar, baz, C<Black> Cat, Sat S<I<on> the>, MatE<lt>!E<gt>, 1 Cat, 2
17681 =item TESTING FOR AND BEGIN
17683 =item TESTING URLs hyperlinking
17689 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
17697 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17703 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17707 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17711 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
17719 a new namespace, an operator mask
17725 =item RECENT CHANGES
17727 =item Methods in class Safe
17729 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17730 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17731 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17732 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17734 =item Some Safety Issues
17736 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17744 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
17752 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
17753 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
17763 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
17773 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
17783 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
17793 =item The __DATA__ token
17795 =item SelfLoader autoloading
17797 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
17799 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
17801 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
17803 =item Classes and inherited methods.
17807 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
17811 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
17821 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
17829 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
17830 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
17838 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
17839 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
17840 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
17841 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
17842 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
17846 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
17856 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
17860 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
17862 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
17864 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
17866 =item ERROR REPORTING
17874 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
17879 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
17880 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
17888 =item Storable magic
17904 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
17918 =item Allowing fall-through
17920 =item Automating fall-through
17922 =item Alternative syntax
17924 =item Higher-order Operations
17940 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
17950 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
17962 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
17963 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
17971 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
17972 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
17973 in 5.004_02), closelog
17983 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
17984 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
17992 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
17993 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
17994 in 5.004_02), closelog
18004 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
18014 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
18015 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
18016 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
18020 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
18034 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
18050 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
18052 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18054 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18056 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
18064 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18072 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
18080 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
18090 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
18091 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
18099 =item Minimal set of supported functions
18101 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
18102 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
18104 =item Additional supported functions
18106 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
18116 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
18142 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
18146 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18156 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
18176 =item Setting up tests
18192 =item Running tests
18198 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
18200 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
18226 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
18238 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
18242 =item Test Status and Info
18250 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
18272 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
18282 =item The test script output
18284 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
18285 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
18290 =item Configuration variables.
18292 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
18296 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
18323 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
18324 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
18325 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
18326 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
18330 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
18331 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
18332 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
18346 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
18372 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
18382 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
18420 B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
18436 B<_reset_file_state>
18456 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
18466 =item I love it when a plan comes together
18476 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
18516 =item Conditional tests
18522 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
18526 =item Comparison functions
18540 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
18550 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18552 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
18565 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
18589 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
18598 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
18606 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
18608 =item Where to start?
18612 =item Test the manual
18614 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
18616 =item Testing lots of values
18618 =item Informative names
18620 =item Skipping tests
18624 =item Testing with taint mode.
18636 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
18648 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
18658 =item General behaviour in list contexts
18662 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
18664 =item A note about prefixes
18666 =item C<extract_delimited>
18668 =item C<extract_bracketed>
18670 =item C<extract_tagged>
18672 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
18673 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
18675 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
18677 =item C<extract_quotelike>
18679 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
18681 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
18683 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
18685 =item C<extract_codeblock>
18687 =item C<extract_multiple>
18689 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
18695 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
18696 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
18697 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
18698 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
18699 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
18700 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
18701 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
18702 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
18703 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
18704 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
18705 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
18706 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
18711 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
18717 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
18732 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
18749 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
18764 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
18780 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl
18792 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
18793 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
18794 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
18798 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
18806 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
18814 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18816 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
18822 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
18830 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18832 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
18836 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
18848 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
18858 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
18866 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
18867 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
18868 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
18869 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
18877 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
18897 =item Option Format
18901 =item Public Methods
18909 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
18913 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
18915 =item Deferred Writing
18919 =item Autodeferring
18927 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
18941 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
18950 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
18951 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
18952 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
18953 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
18955 =item MORE INFORMATION
18957 =item COMPATIBILITY
18961 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
18970 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
18971 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
18973 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
18975 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
18977 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
18979 =item MORE INFORMATION
18983 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
18991 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
19001 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
19019 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
19028 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
19030 =item MORE INFORMATION
19034 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
19046 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
19055 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
19056 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
19057 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
19058 getitimer ( $which )
19074 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
19082 =item IMPLEMENTATION
19088 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
19103 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
19118 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
19130 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
19138 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
19139 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
19143 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
19153 =item Constructor and Tailoring
19155 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
19156 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
19157 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
19159 =item Methods for Collation
19161 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
19162 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
19163 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
19164 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
19165 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
19166 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
19167 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
19168 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
19169 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
19171 =item Other Methods
19173 UCA_Version, Base_Unicode_Version
19189 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/,
19190 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt,
19191 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19192 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18, L<Unicode::Normalize>
19196 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
19206 =item Normalization Forms
19208 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
19209 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
19210 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
19212 =item Decomposition and Composition
19214 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
19215 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
19216 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
19220 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
19221 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
19222 check($form_name, $string)>
19224 =item Character Data
19226 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
19227 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
19228 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
19229 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
19230 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
19231 C<$is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
19232 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
19242 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19243 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
19247 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
19289 =item Blocks versus Scripts
19291 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
19293 =item Code Point Arguments
19319 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
19325 =item Implementation Note
19337 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
19352 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
19363 =item System Specifics
19377 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
19385 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
19387 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
19388 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
19389 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
19390 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
19391 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
19392 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
19393 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
19394 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
19395 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
19396 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
19397 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
19398 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
19399 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
19400 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
19401 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
19402 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
19403 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
19409 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
19427 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
19439 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
19441 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
19442 don't all have manual pages yet:
19468 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles