2 # !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!!
3 # This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods.
4 # Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes.
8 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
12 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
13 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
14 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
16 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
18 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
30 =item Reference Manual
32 =item Internals and C Language Interface
36 =item Language-Specific
38 =item Platform-Specific
62 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
72 =item Running Perl programs
74 =item Basic syntax overview
76 =item Perl variable types
78 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
80 =item Variable scoping
82 =item Conditional and looping constructs
84 if, while, for, foreach
86 =item Builtin operators and functions
88 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
93 =item Regular expressions
95 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
96 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
98 =item Writing subroutines
102 =item Using Perl modules
110 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
116 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
124 =item Making References
126 =item Using References
144 =item Distribution Conditions
150 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
156 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
157 more elaborate constructs
161 =item COMMON MISTAKES
163 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
165 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
171 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
175 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
177 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
179 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
183 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
187 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
189 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
191 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
195 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
199 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
201 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
203 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
207 =item HASHES OF HASHES
211 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
213 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
215 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
219 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
223 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
225 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
227 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
239 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
247 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
249 =item Growing Your Own
251 =item Access and Printing
263 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
273 =item Simple word matching
275 =item Using character classes
277 =item Matching this or that
279 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
281 =item Extracting matches
283 =item Matching repetitions
287 =item Search and replace
289 =item The split operator
297 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
301 =item Acknowledgments
307 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
313 =item Part 1: The basics
317 =item Simple word matching
319 =item Using character classes
321 =item Matching this or that
323 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
325 =item Extracting matches
327 =item Matching repetitions
329 =item Building a regexp
331 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
335 =item Part 2: Power tools
339 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
341 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
343 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
345 =item Non-capturing groupings
347 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
349 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
351 =item Conditional expressions
353 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
355 =item Pragmas and debugging
363 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
367 =item Acknowledgments
373 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
381 =item If we could talk to the animals...
383 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
385 =item Invoking a barnyard
387 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
389 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
391 =item Inheriting the windpipes
393 =item A few notes about @ISA
395 =item Overriding the methods
397 =item Starting the search from a different place
399 =item The SUPER way of doing things
401 =item Where we're at so far...
403 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
405 =item Invoking an instance method
407 =item Accessing the instance data
409 =item How to build a horse
411 =item Inheriting the constructor
413 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
415 =item Adding parameters to a method
417 =item More interesting instances
419 =item A horse of a different color
431 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
437 =item Creating a Class
441 =item Object Representation
443 =item Class Interface
445 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
447 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
451 =item Other Object Methods
459 =item Accessing Class Data
461 =item Debugging Methods
463 =item Class Destructors
465 =item Documenting the Interface
475 =item Overridden Methods
477 =item Multiple Inheritance
479 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
483 =item Alternate Object Representations
487 =item Arrays as Objects
489 =item Closures as Objects
493 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
497 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
499 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
503 =item Metaclassical Tools
509 =item Data Members as Variables
517 =item Object Terminology
523 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
529 =item Acknowledgments
535 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
541 =item Class Data in a Can
543 =item Class Data as Package Variables
547 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
549 =item Inheritance Concerns
551 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
553 =item Indirect References to Class Data
555 =item Monadic Classes
557 =item Translucent Attributes
561 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
565 =item Privacy and Responsibility
567 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
569 =item More Inheritance Concerns
571 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
573 =item Translucency Revisited
581 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
583 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
589 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
595 =item OO SCALING TIPS
597 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
599 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
601 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
603 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
605 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
607 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
609 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
611 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
613 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
621 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
629 =head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
641 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
649 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
667 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
669 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
670 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
671 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
672 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
674 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
676 Symbols starting with "_" no longer forced into main, Double-colon valid
677 package separator in variable name, 2nd and 3rd args to C<splice()> are now
678 in scalar context, Can't do C<goto> into a block that is optimized away,
679 Can't use whitespace as variable name or quote delimiter, C<while/if BLOCK
680 BLOCK> gone, C<**> binds tighter than unary minus, C<foreach> changed when
681 iterating over a list, C<split> with no args behavior changed, B<-e>
682 behavior fixed, C<push> returns number of elements in resulting list, Some
683 error messages differ, C<split()> honors subroutine args, Bugs removed
687 Space between . and = triggers syntax error, Better parsing in perl 5,
688 Function parsing, String interpolation of C<$#array> differs, Perl guesses
689 on C<map>, C<grep> followed by C<{> if it starts BLOCK or hash ref
691 =item Numerical Traps
693 Formatted output and significant digits, Auto-increment operator over
694 signed int limit deleted, Assignment of return values from numeric equality
695 tests doesn't work, Bitwise string ops
697 =item General data type traps
699 Negative array subscripts now count from the end of array, Setting
700 C<$#array> lower now discards array elements, Hashes get defined before
701 use, Glob assignment from localized variable to variable, Assigning
702 C<undef> to glob, Changes in unary negation (of strings), Modifying of
703 constants prohibited, C<defined $var> behavior changed, Variable Suicide
705 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
707 Elements of argument lists for formats evaluated in list context,
708 C<caller()> returns false value in scalar context if no caller present,
709 Comma operator in scalar context gives scalar context to args, C<sprintf()>
710 prototyped as C<($;@)>
712 =item Precedence Traps
714 LHS vs. RHS of any assignment operator, Semantic errors introduced due to
715 precedence, Precedence of assignment operators same as the precedence of
716 assignment, C<open> requires parentheses around filehandle, C<$:>
717 precedence over C<$::> gone, Precedence of file test operators documented,
718 C<keys>, C<each>, C<values> are regular named unary operators
720 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
722 C<s'$lhs'$rhs'> interpolates on either side, C<m//g> attaches its state to
723 the searched string, C<m//o> used within an anonymous sub, C<$+> isn't set
724 to whole match, Substitution now returns null string if it fails,
725 C<s`lhs`rhs`> is now a normal substitution, Stricter parsing of variables
726 in regular expressions, C<m?x?> matches only once, Failed matches don't
727 reset the match variables
729 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
731 Barewords that used to look like strings look like subroutine calls,
732 Reverse is no longer allowed as the name of a sort subroutine, C<warn()>
733 won't let you specify a filehandle
737 SysV resets signal handler correctly, SysV C<seek()> appends correctly
739 =item Interpolation Traps
741 C<@> always interpolates an array in double-quotish strings, Double-quoted
742 strings may no longer end with an unescaped $, Arbitrary expressions are
743 evaluated inside braces within double quotes, C<$$x> now tries to
744 dereference $x, Creation of hashes on the fly with C<eval "EXPR"> requires
745 protection, Bugs in earlier perl versions, Array and hash brackets during
746 interpolation, Interpolation of C<\$$foo{bar}>, C<qq()> string passed to
747 C<eval> will not find string terminator
751 Perl5 must have been linked with same dbm/ndbm as the default for
752 C<dbmopen()>, DBM exceeding limit on the key/value size will cause perl5 to
755 =item Unclassified Traps
757 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
764 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
772 =item Looking at data and -w and v
776 =item Stepping through code
778 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
780 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
798 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2005/03/27
807 =item Where to get the perlfaq
809 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
811 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
818 =item Author and Copyright Information
822 =item Bundled Distributions
828 =item Table of Contents
830 perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
831 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
832 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
833 Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
834 Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
840 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
842 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
844 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
846 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
848 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
850 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
852 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
854 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
856 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
862 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date:
863 2005/01/31 15:52:15 $)
873 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
875 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
877 =item What are perl4, perl5, or perl6?
883 =item How stable is Perl?
885 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
887 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
890 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
892 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
894 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
896 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
898 =item What is a JAPH?
900 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
902 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
903 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
907 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
911 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.31 $,
912 $Date: 2005/01/31 15:54:44 $)
920 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
922 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
924 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
926 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
929 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
930 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
932 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
933 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
935 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
937 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
939 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
941 =item Where should I post source code?
945 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
947 =item Perl in Magazines
949 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
951 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
953 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
955 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
957 =item Where do I send bug reports?
959 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
963 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
967 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.47 $, $Date: 2005/03/27
976 =item How do I do (anything)?
978 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
980 =item Is there a Perl shell?
982 =item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
984 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
986 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
988 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
990 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
992 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
994 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
996 Eclipse, Komodo, Open Perl IDE, OptiPerl, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, Visual
997 Perl, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
998 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, Affrus, Alpha, BBEdit and
1001 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
1003 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
1005 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
1007 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
1009 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
1011 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
1013 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
1014 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
1016 =item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
1018 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
1020 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
1022 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
1024 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
1026 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
1028 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
1030 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
1032 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
1034 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
1036 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
1038 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
1040 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C
1041 program; what am I doing wrong?
1043 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
1045 =item What's MakeMaker?
1049 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1053 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.61 $, $Date: 2005/03/11
1064 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
1065 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
1067 =item Why is int() broken?
1069 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
1071 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
1074 =item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?
1076 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
1077 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
1078 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
1079 from decimal to binary
1081 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
1083 =item How do I multiply matrices?
1085 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
1087 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
1089 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
1091 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
1099 =item How do I find the day or week of the year?
1101 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
1103 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
1105 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
1107 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
1109 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
1111 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
1119 =item How do I validate input?
1121 =item How do I unescape a string?
1123 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
1125 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
1127 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
1129 =item How do I reverse a string?
1131 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
1133 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
1135 =item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
1137 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
1139 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
1142 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
1144 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
1147 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
1149 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
1151 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
1153 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
1155 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
1157 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
1159 =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
1161 There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
1162 be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
1171 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
1173 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
1175 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
1179 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
1182 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
1183 intersection of two arrays?
1185 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
1187 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
1189 =item How do I handle linked lists?
1191 =item How do I handle circular lists?
1193 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
1195 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
1197 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
1199 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
1201 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
1203 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
1205 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
1209 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
1213 =item How do I process an entire hash?
1215 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
1218 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
1220 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
1222 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
1224 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
1226 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
1228 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
1230 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
1232 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
1234 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
1236 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
1238 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
1241 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
1242 array of hashes or arrays?
1244 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
1252 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
1254 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
1256 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
1258 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
1260 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
1262 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
1264 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
1268 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1272 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.35 $, $Date: 2005/01/21
1281 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
1283 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
1284 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
1286 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
1288 =item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
1290 =item How can I copy a file?
1292 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
1294 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
1296 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
1297 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
1299 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
1301 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
1303 =item How can I write() into a string?
1305 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
1307 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
1309 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
1311 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
1314 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
1316 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
1318 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
1320 =item How can I lock a file?
1322 =item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
1324 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
1325 the file. How can I do this?
1327 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
1328 file. Do I still have to use locking?
1330 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
1332 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
1334 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
1336 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
1338 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
1340 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
1342 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
1344 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
1346 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
1348 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
1350 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
1352 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
1353 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
1355 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
1357 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
1358 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
1360 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
1362 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
1366 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1370 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.31 $, $Date: 2005/03/27
1379 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
1380 and unmaintainable code?
1382 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
1384 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
1386 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
1389 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
1391 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
1394 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
1396 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
1398 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
1400 =item What is C</o> really for?
1402 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
1405 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
1407 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
1409 =item How do I process each word on each line?
1411 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
1413 =item How can I do approximate matching?
1415 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
1417 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
1419 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
1421 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
1423 =item What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
1425 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
1427 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
1431 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1435 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date:
1436 2005/03/27 07:19:01 $)
1444 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
1446 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
1449 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
1452 =item How do I skip some return values?
1454 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
1456 =item What's an extension?
1458 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
1460 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
1462 =item How do I create a module?
1464 =item How do I create a class?
1466 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
1468 =item What's a closure?
1470 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
1472 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
1475 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
1478 =item How do I create a static variable?
1480 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
1481 Between local() and my()?
1483 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
1486 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
1488 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
1490 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
1492 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
1494 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
1496 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
1499 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
1501 =item How can I find out my current package?
1503 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
1505 =item How do I clear a package?
1507 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
1509 =item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
1513 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1517 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date: 2005/01/03
1526 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
1528 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
1530 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
1532 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
1534 =item How do I print something out in color?
1536 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
1538 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
1540 =item How do I clear the screen?
1542 =item How do I get the screen size?
1544 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
1546 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
1548 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
1550 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
1552 =item How do I start a process in the background?
1554 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
1556 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
1558 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
1560 =item How do I set the time and date?
1562 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
1564 =item How can I measure time under a second?
1566 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
1568 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
1569 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
1571 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
1573 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
1575 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
1577 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
1579 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
1581 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
1583 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
1585 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
1587 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
1589 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
1592 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
1594 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
1596 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
1598 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
1601 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
1602 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
1603 changes to be visible?
1607 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
1610 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
1612 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
1614 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
1616 =item How do I set CPU limits?
1618 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
1620 =item How do I use an SQL database?
1622 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
1624 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
1626 =item How do I tell the difference between errors from the shell and perl?
1628 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
1630 =item What's the difference between require and use?
1632 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
1634 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
1637 =item How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?
1639 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
1643 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1647 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.19 $, $Date: 2005/01/21 12:14:12
1656 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
1658 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
1661 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
1663 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
1665 =item How do I extract URLs?
1667 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
1668 file on another machine?
1670 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
1672 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
1674 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
1676 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
1678 =item How do I redirect to another page?
1680 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
1682 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
1684 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
1685 CGI script to do bad things?
1687 =item How do I parse a mail header?
1689 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
1691 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
1693 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
1695 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
1697 =item How do I send mail?
1699 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
1701 =item How do I read mail?
1703 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
1705 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
1707 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
1709 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
1713 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1717 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1729 =item Simple Statements
1731 =item Truth and Falsehood
1733 =item Statement Modifiers
1735 =item Compound Statements
1743 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1747 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1749 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1755 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1763 =item Variable names
1769 =item Scalar value constructors
1771 =item List value constructors
1777 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1785 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1793 =item Operator Precedence and Associativity
1795 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1797 =item The Arrow Operator
1799 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1801 =item Exponentiation
1803 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1805 =item Binding Operators
1807 =item Multiplicative Operators
1809 =item Additive Operators
1811 =item Shift Operators
1813 =item Named Unary Operators
1815 =item Relational Operators
1817 =item Equality Operators
1821 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1823 =item C-style Logical And
1825 =item C-style Logical Or
1827 =item C-style Logical Defined-Or
1829 =item Range Operators
1831 =item Conditional Operator
1833 =item Assignment Operators
1835 =item Comma Operator
1837 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1843 =item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
1845 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1847 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1849 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1851 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1853 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1854 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1855 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1856 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
1858 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
1860 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
1861 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
1862 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
1863 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
1868 =item Constant Folding
1872 =item Bitwise String Operators
1874 =item Integer Arithmetic
1876 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1878 =item Bigger Numbers
1884 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1894 =item Private Variables via my()
1896 =item Persistent Private Variables
1898 =item Temporary Values via local()
1900 =item Lvalue subroutines
1902 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
1904 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1906 =item When to Still Use local()
1908 =item Pass by Reference
1912 =item Constant Functions
1914 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
1918 =item Subroutine Attributes
1926 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1934 =item Perl Functions by Category
1936 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1937 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1938 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1939 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1940 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1941 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1942 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1943 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1944 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1945 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1950 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1952 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1953 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1954 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
1955 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
1956 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
1957 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
1958 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
1959 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
1960 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
1961 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
1962 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
1963 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
1964 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
1965 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
1966 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
1967 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
1968 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
1969 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
1970 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
1971 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
1972 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
1973 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
1974 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
1975 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
1976 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
1977 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
1978 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
1979 localtime, lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK
1980 LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, mkdir, msgctl
1981 ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd
1982 ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS,
1983 next LABEL, next, no Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module
1984 LIST, no Module, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
1985 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
1986 FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord
1987 EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR : ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR :
1988 ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
1989 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
1990 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
1991 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
1992 qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
1993 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
1994 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
1995 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
1996 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
1997 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
1998 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
1999 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
2000 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
2001 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
2002 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
2003 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
2004 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
2005 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
2006 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
2007 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
2008 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
2009 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
2010 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format
2011 parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum
2012 width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat
2013 FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME
2014 (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK,
2015 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
2016 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall NUMBER, LIST, sysopen
2017 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
2018 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
2019 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
2020 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
2021 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
2022 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
2023 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
2024 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
2025 TEMPLATE,EXPR, unpack TEMPLATE, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use
2026 Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use
2027 VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
2028 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
2034 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
2040 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
2046 =item Indirect Filehandles
2050 =item The Minus File
2052 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
2058 =item Open E<agrave> la C
2062 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
2066 =item Obscure Open Tricks
2070 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
2072 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
2074 =item Paths as Opens
2076 =item Single Argument Open
2078 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
2082 =item Other I/O Issues
2086 =item Opening Non-File Files
2088 =item Opening Named Pipes
2090 =item Opening Sockets
2102 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
2108 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
2114 =item The Basic Principle
2118 =item Packing Numbers
2124 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
2126 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
2128 =item Byte-order modifiers
2130 =item Floating point Numbers
2134 =item Exotic Templates
2146 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
2150 =item Template Grouping
2152 =item Lengths and Widths
2156 =item String Lengths
2158 =item Dynamic Templates
2160 =item Counting Repetitions
2164 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
2168 =item The Alignment Pit
2170 =item Dealing with Endian-ness
2172 =item Alignment, Take 2
2174 =item Alignment, Take 3
2176 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
2182 =item Funnies Section
2188 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
2196 =item Ordinary Paragraph
2198 =item Verbatim Paragraph
2200 =item Command Paragraph
2202 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
2203 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
2204 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
2205 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>, C<=encoding
2208 =item Formatting Codes
2210 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2211 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2212 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
2213 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
2214 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
2215 (zero-effect) formatting code
2219 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2221 =item Hints for Writing Pod
2231 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
2238 =item Pod Definitions
2242 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
2243 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...",
2244 "=encoding encodingname"
2246 =item Pod Formatting Codes
2248 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2249 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
2250 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
2251 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2252 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
2253 contains non-breaking spaces
2255 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
2257 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
2259 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
2261 =item About =over...=back Regions
2263 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
2271 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
2281 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
2283 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
2285 =item Location of Perl
2287 =item Command Switches
2289 B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>], B<-A [I<assertions>]>, B<-a>, B<-C
2290 [I<number/list>]>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-dt>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
2291 B<-dt:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e>
2292 I<commandline>, B<-f>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>],
2293 B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>], B<-m>[B<->]I<module>,
2294 B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
2295 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
2296 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<configvar>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
2297 B<-X>, B<-x>, B<-x> I<directory>
2303 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
2304 :perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
2305 PERL5DB, PERL5DB_THREADED, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port),
2306 PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
2307 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_DL_NONLAZY, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED,
2308 PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS,
2309 PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
2313 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2321 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
2329 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
2331 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
2333 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
2337 =item Backward Compatibility
2339 =item Category Hierarchy
2341 =item Fatal Warnings
2343 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
2355 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
2361 =item The Perl Debugger
2365 =item Debugger Commands
2367 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
2368 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
2369 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
2370 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
2371 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
2372 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
2373 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
2374 command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [
2375 command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source
2376 file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man
2379 =item Configurable Options
2381 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
2382 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
2383 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
2384 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
2385 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
2386 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
2389 =item Debugger input/output
2391 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
2394 =item Debugging compile-time statements
2396 =item Debugger Customization
2398 =item Readline Support
2400 =item Editor Support for Debugging
2402 =item The Perl Profiler
2406 =item Debugging regular expressions
2408 =item Debugging memory usage
2416 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
2424 =item Predefined Names
2426 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
2427 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+,
2428 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
2429 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
2430 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
2431 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
2432 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
2433 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#,
2434 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
2435 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
2436 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
2437 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
2438 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
2439 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
2440 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
2441 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
2442 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
2443 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
2444 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
2445 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?,
2446 ${^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE}, ${^ENCODING}, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!,
2447 $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$,
2448 $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID,
2449 $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $],
2450 $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, ${^RE_DEBUG_FLAGS}, ${^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF},
2451 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
2452 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
2453 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
2454 $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE},
2455 $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
2456 ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
2459 =item Error Indicators
2461 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
2469 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
2479 =item Regular Expressions
2481 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
2483 =item Extended Patterns
2485 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
2486 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
2487 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
2488 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
2492 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
2494 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
2496 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
2498 =item Combining pieces together
2500 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
2501 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
2502 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
2503 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
2505 =item Creating custom RE engines
2515 =head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
2527 =item ESCAPE SEQUENCES
2529 =item CHARACTER CLASSES
2535 =item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
2553 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
2563 =item Making References
2565 =item Using References
2567 =item Symbolic references
2569 =item Not-so-symbolic references
2571 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
2573 =item Function Templates
2583 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
2593 =item Numeric Fields
2595 =item The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text
2597 =item The Field ^* for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text
2599 =item Specifying Values
2601 =item Using Fill Mode
2603 =item Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void
2605 =item Repeating Format Lines
2607 =item Top of Form Processing
2609 =item Format Variables
2619 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
2627 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
2635 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
2637 =item A Class is Simply a Package
2639 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
2641 =item Method Invocation
2643 =item Indirect Object Syntax
2645 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
2647 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
2653 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
2661 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
2673 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
2678 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
2679 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
2680 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
2681 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
2686 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
2687 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
2688 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, SCALAR this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
2690 =item Tying FileHandles
2692 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
2693 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
2698 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
2710 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
2718 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
2719 B<filter_fetch_value>
2725 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
2727 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
2737 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
2738 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
2748 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
2756 =item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)
2758 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
2759 "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
2763 =item Using open() for IPC
2769 =item Background Processes
2771 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
2773 =item Safe Pipe Opens
2775 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
2777 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
2781 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
2785 =item Internet Line Terminators
2787 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
2789 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
2793 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
2797 =item A Simple Client
2799 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
2801 =item A Webget Client
2803 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
2807 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
2809 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
2811 =item UDP: Message Passing
2825 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
2835 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
2837 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
2838 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
2839 files, directories and network sockets
2841 =item Resource limits
2843 =item Killing the parent process
2845 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
2847 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
2849 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
2850 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
2851 application, Thread-safety of extensions
2863 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
2871 =item Storing numbers
2873 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
2875 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
2877 Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
2878 mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
2879 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
2888 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
2896 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2898 =item Threaded Program Models
2910 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
2912 =item Thread-Safe Modules
2918 =item Basic Thread Support
2920 =item A Note about the Examples
2922 =item Creating Threads
2924 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2926 =item Ignoring A Thread
2930 =item Threads And Data
2934 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2936 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
2940 =item Synchronization and control
2944 =item Controlling access: lock()
2946 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2948 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2950 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2952 =item Basic semaphores
2954 =item Advanced Semaphores
2956 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
2958 =item Giving up control
2962 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2966 =item What Thread Am I In?
2970 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2972 =item What Threads Are Running?
2976 =item A Complete Example
2978 =item Different implementations of threads
2980 =item Performance considerations
2982 =item Process-scope Changes
2984 =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
2992 =item Introductory Texts
2994 =item OS-Related References
2996 =item Other References
3000 =item Acknowledgements
3008 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
3014 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
3016 =item Threaded Program Models
3028 =item Native threads
3030 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
3032 =item Threadsafe Modules
3038 =item Basic Thread Support
3040 =item Creating Threads
3042 =item Giving up control
3044 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
3046 =item Errors In Threads
3048 =item Ignoring A Thread
3052 =item Threads And Data
3056 =item Shared And Unshared Data
3058 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
3060 =item Controlling access: lock()
3062 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
3064 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
3068 =item Threads And Code
3072 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
3074 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
3076 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
3078 =item Subroutine Locks
3082 =item Locking A Subroutine
3086 =item General Thread Utility Routines
3090 =item What Thread Am I In?
3094 =item Are These Threads The Same?
3096 =item What Threads Are Running?
3100 =item A Complete Example
3108 =item Introductory Texts
3110 =item OS-Related References
3112 =item Other References
3116 =item Acknowledgements
3124 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
3130 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
3139 =item Numbers endianness and Width
3141 =item Files and Filesystems
3143 =item System Interaction
3145 =item Command names versus file pathnames
3149 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
3151 =item External Subroutines (XS)
3153 =item Standard Modules
3157 =item Character sets and character encoding
3159 =item Internationalisation
3161 =item System Resources
3177 =item DOS and Derivatives
3185 =item EBCDIC Platforms
3193 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
3197 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
3199 -I<X>, atan2, binmode, chmod, chown, chroot, crypt, dbmclose, dbmopen,
3200 dump, exec, exit, fcntl, flock, fork, getlogin, getpgrp, getppid,
3201 getpriority, getpwnam, getgrnam, getnetbyname, getpwuid, getgrgid,
3202 getnetbyaddr, getprotobynumber, getservbyport, getpwent, getgrent,
3203 gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent,
3204 setnetent, setprotoent, setservent, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
3205 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob,
3206 gmtime, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill, link, localtime, lstat,
3207 msgctl, msgget, msgsnd, msgrcv, open, pipe, readlink, rename, select,
3208 semctl, semget, semop, setgrent, setpgrp, setpriority, setpwent,
3209 setsockopt, shmctl, shmget, shmread, shmwrite, sockatmark, socketpair,
3210 stat, symlink, syscall, sysopen, system, times, truncate, umask, utime,
3215 =item Supported Platforms
3219 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
3223 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
3230 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
3236 =item The use locale pragma
3238 =item The setlocale function
3240 =item Finding locales
3242 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
3244 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
3246 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
3248 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
3250 =item Fixing system locale configuration
3252 =item The localeconv function
3254 =item I18N::Langinfo
3258 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
3262 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
3264 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
3266 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
3268 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
3272 =item Other categories
3280 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
3281 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
3287 =item Backward compatibility
3289 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
3291 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
3293 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
3295 =item Freely available locale definitions
3299 =item An imperfect standard
3303 =item Unicode and UTF-8
3309 =item Broken systems
3319 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
3329 =item Perl's Unicode Support
3331 =item Perl's Unicode Model
3333 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
3335 =item Creating Unicode
3337 =item Handling Unicode
3339 =item Legacy Encodings
3343 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
3347 =item Advanced Topics
3351 =item Questions With Answers
3353 =item Hexadecimal Notation
3355 =item Further Resources
3359 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
3363 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
3365 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
3369 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
3377 =item Important Caveats
3379 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
3380 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, BOM-marked scripts and UTF-16 scripts
3381 autodetected, C<use encoding> needed to upgrade non-Latin-1 byte strings
3383 =item Byte and Character Semantics
3385 =item Effects of Character Semantics
3391 =item User-Defined Character Properties
3393 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
3395 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
3397 =item Unicode Encodings
3399 =item Security Implications of Unicode
3401 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
3405 =item When Unicode Does Not Happen
3407 =item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
3409 =item Using Unicode in XS
3417 =item Interaction with Locales
3419 =item Interaction with Extensions
3423 =item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
3431 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
3437 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
3445 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
3449 =item 13 variant characters
3457 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
3459 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
3461 =item Unicode and UTF
3467 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
3469 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
3471 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
3485 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
3487 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
3489 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
3491 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
3499 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
3501 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
3503 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
3505 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
3509 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
3513 =item URL decoding and encoding
3515 =item uu encoding and decoding
3517 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
3519 =item Caesarian ciphers
3523 =item Hashing order and checksums
3527 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
3539 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
3559 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
3567 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
3569 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
3571 =item Taint mode and @INC
3573 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
3577 =item Protecting Your Programs
3581 =item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
3589 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
3601 =item BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END
3607 =item Making your module threadsafe
3615 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
3619 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
3623 =item Pragmatic Modules
3625 assertions, assertions::activate, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint,
3626 bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding,
3627 encoding::warnings, fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open,
3628 ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared,
3629 utf8, vars, version, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
3631 =item Standard Modules
3633 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
3634 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
3635 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
3636 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
3637 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
3638 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
3639 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DBM_Filter, DB_File, Data::Dumper,
3640 Devel::DProf, Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest,
3641 Digest::MD5, Digest::base, Digest::file, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader,
3642 Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN,
3643 Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder,
3644 Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z,
3645 Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header,
3646 Encode::PerlIO, Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW,
3647 Encode::Unicode, Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
3648 Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM,
3649 ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Constant::Base, ExtUtils::Constant::Utils,
3650 ExtUtils::Constant::XS, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
3651 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any,
3652 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
3653 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN,
3654 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
3655 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
3656 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial,
3657 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish,
3658 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
3659 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
3660 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
3661 File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc,
3662 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
3663 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
3664 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File,
3665 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
3666 I18N::LangTags::Detect, I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir,
3667 IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select,
3668 IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
3669 IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util,
3670 Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language,
3671 Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64,
3672 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
3673 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::CalcEmu, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex,
3674 Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
3675 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
3676 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, Module::CoreList, NDBM_File, NEXT,
3677 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
3678 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
3679 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
3680 PerlIO, PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via,
3681 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions,
3682 Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink,
3683 Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan,
3684 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff, Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf,
3685 Pod::Perldoc::ToText, Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml,
3686 Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
3687 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe,
3688 Scalar::Util, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket,
3689 Storable, Switch, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor,
3690 Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder,
3691 Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator,
3692 Test::Harness::Straps, Test::Harness::TAP, Test::More, Test::Simple,
3693 Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
3694 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
3695 Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, Tie::Array, Tie::File,
3696 Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar,
3697 Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime,
3698 Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Unicode::UCD,
3699 User::grent, User::pwent, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap, XSLoader
3701 =item Extension Modules
3715 China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
3716 Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
3718 =item Central America
3724 Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
3725 Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
3726 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
3727 Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
3728 Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
3732 Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
3733 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
3734 Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York,
3735 North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,
3736 Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
3740 Australia, New Zealand, United States
3744 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
3750 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
3754 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
3756 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
3758 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
3766 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
3772 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
3776 =item Before you start
3784 =item Release considerations
3788 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
3792 =item Has it been done before?
3794 =item Do one thing and do it well
3796 =item What's in a name?
3800 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
3804 =item To OO or not to OO?
3806 =item Designing your API
3808 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
3809 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
3812 =item Strictness and warnings
3814 =item Backwards compatibility
3816 =item Error handling and messages
3820 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
3826 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
3828 perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
3829 perl Build test, perl Build install
3833 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
3837 =item Version numbering
3839 =item Pre-requisites
3849 =item COMMON PITFALLS
3853 =item Reinventing the wheel
3855 =item Trying to do too much
3857 =item Inappropriate documentation
3863 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
3864 Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
3871 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
3881 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
3882 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
3896 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
3906 =item What should I make into a module?
3908 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
3910 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
3912 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
3914 Start with F<module-starter> or F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and
3915 L<warnings|warnings>, Use L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!,
3916 Use L<plain old documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
3918 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
3920 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
3921 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
3931 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3941 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3942 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3943 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3944 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3948 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3950 =item Administration
3952 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3956 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3957 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3965 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3975 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3979 =item Using The Back Ends
3983 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3987 =item The Decompiling Back End
3989 =item The Lint Back End
3991 =item The Simple C Back End
3993 =item The Bytecode Back End
3995 =item The Optimized C Back End
3999 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
4001 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
4002 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
4003 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
4005 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4011 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4021 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4023 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4025 B<Decryption Filters>
4027 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4029 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4031 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4035 =item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
4037 Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle
4047 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
4057 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
4058 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
4062 =item Compiling your C program
4064 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
4066 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
4068 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
4070 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
4072 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
4074 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
4076 =item Execution of END blocks
4078 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
4080 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
4085 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
4097 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
4103 =item Debugger Internals
4107 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
4111 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
4113 =item Debugging regular expressions
4117 =item Compile-time output
4119 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
4120 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
4121 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
4124 =item Types of nodes
4126 =item Run-time output
4130 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
4134 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
4136 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
4137 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
4140 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
4142 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
4144 =item B<-DL> details
4148 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
4156 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
4168 =item Version caveat
4170 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
4182 =item What has gone on?
4184 =item Writing good test scripts
4188 =item What's new here?
4190 =item Input and Output Parameters
4192 =item The XSUBPP Program
4194 =item The TYPEMAP file
4196 =item Warning about Output Arguments
4200 =item What has happened here?
4202 =item Anatomy of .xs file
4204 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
4206 =item More about XSUB arguments
4208 =item The Argument Stack
4210 =item Extending your Extension
4212 =item Documenting your Extension
4214 =item Installing your Extension
4218 =item New Things in this Example
4222 =item New Things in this Example
4224 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
4226 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
4228 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
4230 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
4246 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
4258 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
4260 =item The Argument Stack
4262 =item The RETVAL Variable
4264 =item Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL
4266 =item The MODULE Keyword
4268 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4270 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4272 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4274 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4276 =item The CODE: Keyword
4278 =item The INIT: Keyword
4280 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4282 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4284 =item Default Parameter Values
4286 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4288 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4290 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4292 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4294 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4296 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4298 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4300 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4302 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4304 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4306 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4308 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4310 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4312 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4314 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4316 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4318 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4320 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4322 =item The FALLBACK: Keyword
4324 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4326 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4328 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4330 =item The CASE: Keyword
4332 =item The & Unary Operator
4334 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4336 =item Using XS With C++
4338 =item Interface Strategy
4340 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4344 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4346 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4358 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4368 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4370 =item File Operations
4372 =item File Input and Output
4374 =item File Positioning
4376 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4378 =item Character Class Tests
4380 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4382 =item Miscellaneous functions
4390 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4402 =item What is an "IV"?
4404 =item Working with SVs
4408 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4410 =item Working with AVs
4412 =item Working with HVs
4414 =item Hash API Extensions
4416 =item AVs, HVs and undefined values
4420 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4422 =item Creating New Variables
4424 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4426 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4428 =item Stashes and Globs
4430 =item Double-Typed SVs
4432 =item Magic Variables
4434 =item Assigning Magic
4436 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4440 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4442 =item Localizing changes
4444 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4445 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4446 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4447 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4448 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4449 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4450 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4451 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4452 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4453 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4461 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4463 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4465 =item Memory Allocation
4469 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4473 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4483 =item Examining the tree
4485 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4487 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4489 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4491 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4493 =item Pluggable runops
4497 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4499 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4503 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4505 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4507 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4509 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4511 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4515 =item Internal Functions
4517 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b
4521 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4523 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4525 =item Exception Handling
4527 =item Source Documentation
4529 =item Backwards compatibility
4533 =item Unicode Support
4537 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4539 =item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?
4541 =item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?
4543 =item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?
4545 =item How do I convert a string to UTF-8?
4547 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4551 =item Custom Operators
4559 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4565 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4567 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4569 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4589 =item Determining the Context
4593 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4599 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4601 =item Passing Parameters
4603 =item Returning a Scalar
4605 =item Returning a list of values
4607 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4609 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4613 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4617 =item Using call_argv
4619 =item Using call_method
4623 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4625 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4627 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4628 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4631 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4633 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4645 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4651 =item "Gimme" Values
4653 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4655 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4657 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4658 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4659 get_av, newAV, sortsv
4661 =item Callback Functions
4663 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4664 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4666 =item Character classes
4668 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4670 =item Cloning an interpreter
4674 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4678 =item Embedding Functions
4680 cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct,
4681 perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4683 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4685 packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str
4687 =item Global Variables
4689 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4693 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4694 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashpvn, gv_stashsv
4698 Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv
4700 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4702 get_hv, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force,
4703 HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_assert, hv_clear, hv_clear_placeholders,
4704 hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4705 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4706 hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_scalar, hv_store, hv_store_ent,
4709 =item Magical Functions
4711 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4712 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4713 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE, SvUNLOCK
4715 =item Memory Management
4717 Copy, CopyD, Move, MoveD, New, Newc, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4718 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, savesvpv, StructCopy, Zero, ZeroD
4720 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4722 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, new_version, scan_version, strEQ,
4723 strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking,
4724 sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, upg_version, vcmp, vnormal, vnumify,
4727 =item Numeric functions
4729 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4732 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4734 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4736 =item Pad Data Structures
4740 =item Simple Exception Handling Macros
4742 dXCPT, XCPT_CATCH, XCPT_RETHROW, XCPT_TRY_END, XCPT_TRY_START
4744 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4746 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, mPUSHi, mPUSHn, mPUSHp, mPUSHu,
4747 mXPUSHi, mXPUSHn, mXPUSHp, mXPUSHu, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4748 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHmortal, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs,
4749 PUSHu, PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHmortal, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs,
4750 XPUSHu, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV,
4751 XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_UV, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO,
4752 XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4756 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4758 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4760 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSV, newSViv,
4761 newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv,
4762 newSVuv, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4763 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW,
4764 SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvIV_nomg, SvIV_set, SvLEN,
4765 SvLEN_set, SvMAGIC_set, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp,
4766 SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvNV_set, SvOK, SvOOK,
4767 SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV,
4768 SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen,
4769 SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen,
4770 SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvPV_nomg, SvPV_set,
4771 SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV,
4772 SvRV_set, SvSTASH, SvSTASH_set, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off,
4773 SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off,
4774 SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, SvUV_nomg, SvUV_set, SvVOK, sv_2bool,
4775 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv_flags, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte,
4776 sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen,
4777 sv_2uv_flags, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg,
4778 sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpvn_nomg, sv_catpv_mg,
4779 sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_catsv_nomg, sv_chop, sv_clear,
4780 sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from,
4781 sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow,
4782 sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8,
4783 sv_magic, sv_magicext, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
4784 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
4785 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
4786 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset,
4787 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
4788 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
4789 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
4790 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
4791 sv_setsv_nomg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true,
4792 sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
4793 sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
4794 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvf, sv_vcatpvfn,
4795 sv_vcatpvf_mg, sv_vsetpvf, sv_vsetpvfn, sv_vsetpvf_mg
4797 =item Unicode Support
4799 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4800 is_utf8_string_loc, pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8,
4801 sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title,
4802 to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
4803 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
4806 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4808 ax, CLASS, dAX, dAXMARK, dITEMS, dUNDERBAR, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix,
4809 newXSproto, RETVAL, ST, THIS, UNDERBAR, XS, XS_VERSION,
4810 XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4812 =item Warning and Dieing
4822 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4829 =item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
4833 =item Functions in file pad.h
4835 CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS,
4836 PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set,
4837 PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH, PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP,
4838 PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV,
4839 PAD_SET_CUR, PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE, PAD_SV, PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD,
4842 =item Functions in file pp_ctl.c
4846 =item Global Variables
4848 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4853 is_gv_magical, is_gv_magical_sv
4859 =item Pad Data Structures
4861 CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon,
4862 pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex,
4863 pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new,
4864 pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef
4866 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4870 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4872 find_uninit_var, report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs,
4881 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4891 =item History and Background
4893 =item Basic Structure
4895 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4897 =item Data Structures
4899 =item Functions and Attributes
4901 =item Per-instance Data
4903 =item Layers in action.
4905 =item Per-instance flag bits
4907 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4908 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4909 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4910 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4912 =item Methods in Detail
4914 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4915 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4916 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4917 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4922 =item Implementing PerlIO Layers
4924 C implementations, Perl implementations
4928 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4930 =item Extension Layers
4932 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
4940 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4948 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4949 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4950 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4951 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4952 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4953 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4954 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4955 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4956 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4957 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4958 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4962 =item Co-existence with stdio
4964 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4965 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4967 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4969 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4970 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4971 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4972 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4974 =item Other Functions
4976 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4977 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4983 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4989 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4990 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4991 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4992 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4993 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4994 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4995 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4999 =item Keeping in sync
5001 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
5002 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
5004 =item Why rsync the source tree
5006 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
5008 =item Why rsync the patches
5010 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
5011 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
5013 =item Working with the source
5015 =item Perlbug administration
5017 =item Submitting patches
5019 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
5020 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
5022 =item Finding Your Way Around
5024 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
5026 =item Elements of the interpreter
5028 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running, Exception handing
5030 =item Internal Variable Types
5036 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5038 =item Millions of Macros
5040 =item The .i Targets
5042 =item Poking at Perl
5044 =item Using a source-level debugger
5046 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5047 finish, 'enter', print
5049 =item gdb macro support
5051 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5055 =item Patching a core module
5057 =item Adding a new function to the core
5059 =item Writing a test
5061 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5062 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base t/comp,
5063 t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5065 =item Special Make Test Targets
5067 coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind
5068 check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third
5069 utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8
5070 check.utf8, minitest.utf16 test.utf16, test_harness, test-notty test_notty
5072 =item Running tests by hand
5074 -v, -torture, -re=PATTERN, -re LIST OF PATTERNS, PERL_CORE=1,
5075 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
5079 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5083 =item Rational Software's Purify
5085 =item Purify on Unix
5087 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5091 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5095 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5097 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5101 =item Gprof Profiling
5103 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5105 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5107 =item Pixie Profiling
5109 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5112 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5116 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5124 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
5132 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
5142 =item (?{...}) closures in regexps
5144 =item A re-entrant regexp engine
5150 =item lexical pragmas
5152 =item use less 'memory'
5156 =item prototypes and functions
5160 =item _ prototype character
5162 =item inlining autoloaded constants
5164 =item Finish off lvalue functions
5168 =item Unicode and UTF8
5172 =item Implicit Latin 1 => Unicode translation
5174 =item UTF8 caching code
5176 =item Unicode in Filenames
5178 =item Unicode in %ENV
5186 =item regexp optimiser optional
5194 =item POD -> HTML conversion still sucks
5198 =item Misc medium sized projects
5204 =item optional optimizer
5206 =item You WANT *how* many
5208 =item lexical aliases
5214 =item entersub XS vs Perl
5216 =item @INC source filter to Filter::Simple
5218 =item bincompat functions
5220 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
5222 =item Constant folding
5230 =item Make Schwern poorer
5234 =item common test code for timed bailout
5242 =item compressed man pages
5244 =item Make Config.pm cope with differences between build and installed perl
5246 =item Relocatable perl
5248 =item make HTML install work
5250 =item put patchlevel in -v
5254 =item Incremental things
5258 =item autovivification
5260 =item fix tainting bugs
5262 =item Make tainting consistent
5264 =item Dual life everything
5274 =item POSIX memory footprint
5276 =item Optimize away @_
5280 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
5282 =item A decent benchmark
5284 =item readpipe(LIST)
5292 =head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
5302 B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I<module>, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f>
5303 I<perlfunc>, B<-q> I<perlfaq-search-regexp>, B<-T>, B<-d>
5304 I<destination-filename>, B<-o> I<output-formatname>, B<-M> I<module-name>,
5305 B<-w> I<option:value> or B<-w> I<option>, B<-X>,
5306 B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>, B<-n> I<some-formatter>, B<-r>, B<-i>,
5317 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5325 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5337 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5339 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5343 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5347 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.3
5353 =item Incompatible Changes
5355 =item Core Enhancements
5357 =item Modules and Pragmata
5359 =item Utility Changes
5363 =item Performance Enhancements
5365 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5367 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5369 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5371 =item Changed Internals
5373 =item Known Problems
5377 =item Platform Specific Problems
5381 =item Reporting Bugs
5387 =head2 perl593delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.3
5393 =item Incompatible Changes
5395 =item Core Enhancements
5397 =item Modules and Pragmata
5399 =item Utility Changes
5403 =item Performance Enhancements
5405 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5407 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5409 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5411 =item Changed Internals
5413 =item Known Problems
5417 =item Platform Specific Problems
5421 =item Reporting Bugs
5427 =head2 perl592delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.2
5433 =item Incompatible Changes
5437 =item Packing and UTF-8 strings
5443 =item Core Enhancements
5447 =item Malloc wrapping
5449 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.1
5451 =item suidperl less insecure
5457 =item Unicode Character Classes
5459 =item Byte-order modifiers for pack() and unpack()
5461 =item Byte count feature in pack()
5467 =item Modules and Pragmata
5473 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5475 B::Concise, Socket, Sys::Syslog, threads
5479 =item Utility Changes
5481 =item Performance Enhancements
5483 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5485 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5487 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5489 =item Changed Internals
5491 =item Known Problems
5493 =item Plans for the next release
5495 =item Reporting Bugs
5501 =head2 perl591delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.1
5507 =item Incompatible Changes
5511 =item substr() lvalues are no longer fixed-length
5513 =item The C<:unique> attribute is only meaningful for globals
5517 =item Core Enhancements
5523 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5527 =item Stacked filetest operators
5531 =item Modules and Pragmata
5533 Benchmark, Carp, Exporter, FindBin, List::Util, threads::shared
5535 =item Utility Changes
5539 =item Performance Enhancements
5541 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5547 =item Threading bugs
5553 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5555 =item Changed Internals
5559 =item Reordering of SVt_* constants
5561 =item Removal of CPP symbols
5563 =item Less space is used by ops
5569 =item Configuration and Building
5571 =item Known Problems
5575 =item Platform Specific Problems
5579 =item To-do for perl 5.10.0
5581 =item Reporting Bugs
5587 =head2 perl590delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.0
5593 =item Incompatible Changes
5597 =item Hash Randomisation
5599 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
5601 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
5603 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
5605 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
5607 =item The C<$*> variable has been removed
5611 =item Core Enhancements
5617 =item Defined-or operators
5619 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
5621 =item Unsafe signals again available
5623 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5627 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
5629 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5633 =item Modules and Pragmata
5637 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5639 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
5640 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
5641 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
5642 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
5643 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
5644 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
5645 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
5650 =item Utility Changes
5652 =item New Documentation
5654 =item Performance Enhancements
5656 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5660 =item Platform-specific enhancements
5664 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5668 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
5672 =item Platform-specific fixes
5676 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5680 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
5682 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
5684 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
5686 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
5688 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
5690 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
5692 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
5694 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
5696 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
5698 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
5700 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
5704 =item Changed Internals
5708 =item Known Problems
5712 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5714 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
5720 =item Platform Specific Problems
5724 =item EBCDIC Platforms
5726 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
5728 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
5730 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
5732 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
5734 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
5736 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
5742 =item Reporting Bugs
5748 =head2 perl587delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.7
5754 =item Incompatible Changes
5756 =item Core Enhancements
5760 =item Unicode Character Database 4.1.0
5762 =item suidperl less insecure
5764 =item Optional site customization script
5766 =item C<Config.pm> is now much smaller.
5770 =item Modules and Pragmata
5772 =item Utility Changes
5776 =item find2perl enhancements
5780 =item Performance Enhancements
5782 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5784 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5786 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5788 =item Changed Internals
5790 =item Known Problems
5792 =item Platform Specific Problems
5794 =item Reporting Bugs
5800 =head2 perl586delta - what is new for perl v5.8.6
5806 =item Incompatible Changes
5808 =item Core Enhancements
5810 =item Modules and Pragmata
5812 =item Utility Changes
5814 =item Performance Enhancements
5816 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5818 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5820 =item Changed Internals
5824 =item Reporting Bugs
5830 =head2 perl585delta - what is new for perl v5.8.5
5836 =item Incompatible Changes
5838 =item Core Enhancements
5840 =item Modules and Pragmata
5842 =item Utility Changes
5846 =item Perl's debugger
5852 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5854 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5856 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5858 =item Changed Internals
5860 =item Known Problems
5862 =item Platform Specific Problems
5864 =item Reporting Bugs
5870 =head2 perl584delta - what is new for perl v5.8.4
5876 =item Incompatible Changes
5878 =item Core Enhancements
5882 =item Malloc wrapping
5884 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.1
5886 =item suidperl less insecure
5892 =item Modules and Pragmata
5896 =item Updated modules
5898 Attribute::Handlers, B, Benchmark, CGI, Carp, Cwd, Exporter, File::Find,
5899 IO, IPC::Open3, Local::Maketext, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
5900 Math::BigRat, MIME::Base64, ODBM_File, POSIX, Shell, Socket, Storable,
5901 Switch, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Time::HiRes, Unicode::UCD, Win32,
5902 base, open, threads, utf8
5906 =item Performance Enhancements
5908 =item Utility Changes
5910 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5912 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5914 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5916 =item Changed Internals
5918 =item Future Directions
5920 =item Platform Specific Problems
5922 =item Reporting Bugs
5928 =head2 perl583delta - what is new for perl v5.8.3
5934 =item Incompatible Changes
5936 =item Core Enhancements
5938 =item Modules and Pragmata
5940 CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin, List::Util,
5941 Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Unicode::Collate,
5942 Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared
5944 =item Utility Changes
5946 =item New Documentation
5948 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5950 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5952 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5954 =item Changed Internals
5956 =item Configuration and Building
5958 =item Platform Specific Problems
5960 =item Known Problems
5962 =item Future Directions
5966 =item Reporting Bugs
5972 =head2 perl582delta - what is new for perl v5.8.2
5978 =item Incompatible Changes
5980 =item Core Enhancements
5984 =item Hash Randomisation
5990 =item Modules and Pragmata
5994 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5996 Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N::LangTags, libnet, MIME::Base64,
5997 Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes, Unicode::Collate,
5998 Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL
6002 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6004 =item Changed Internals
6006 =item Platform Specific Problems
6008 =item Future Directions
6010 =item Reporting Bugs
6016 =head2 perl581delta - what is new for perl v5.8.1
6022 =item Incompatible Changes
6026 =item Hash Randomisation
6028 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
6030 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
6032 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
6034 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
6038 =item Core Enhancements
6042 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
6044 =item Unsafe signals again available
6046 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
6050 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
6052 =item Deprecation Warnings
6054 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
6058 =item Modules and Pragmata
6062 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
6064 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
6065 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
6066 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
6067 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
6068 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
6069 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
6070 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
6075 =item Utility Changes
6077 =item New Documentation
6079 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6083 =item Platform-specific enhancements
6087 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6091 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
6095 =item Platform-specific fixes
6099 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6103 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
6105 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
6107 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
6109 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
6111 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
6113 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
6115 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
6117 =item New "Pseudo-hashes are deprecated"
6119 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
6121 =item New "5.005 threads are deprecated"
6123 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
6125 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
6127 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
6131 =item Changed Internals
6135 =item Known Problems
6139 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
6141 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
6147 =item Platform Specific Problems
6151 =item EBCDIC Platforms
6153 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
6155 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
6157 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
6159 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
6161 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
6163 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
6167 =item Future Directions
6169 =item Reporting Bugs
6175 =head2 perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
6181 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
6183 =item Incompatible Changes
6187 =item Binary Incompatibility
6189 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
6191 =item AIX Dynaloading
6193 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
6195 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
6197 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
6199 =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
6201 =item New Unicode Properties
6203 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
6205 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
6207 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
6213 =item Core Enhancements
6217 =item Unicode Overhaul
6219 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
6223 =item Restricted Hashes
6227 =item Understanding of Numbers
6229 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
6231 =item Miscellaneous Changes
6235 =item Modules and Pragmata
6239 =item New Modules and Pragmata
6241 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6245 =item Utility Changes
6247 =item New Documentation
6249 =item Performance Enhancements
6251 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6255 =item Generic Improvements
6257 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6261 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6265 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6269 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6271 =item Changed Internals
6273 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
6277 =item Known Problems
6281 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
6283 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
6285 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6287 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
6289 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
6291 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6293 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
6295 =item PDL failing some tests
6299 =item Self-tying Problems
6301 =item ext/threads/t/libc
6303 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
6305 =item Timing problems
6307 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
6309 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
6313 =item Platform Specific Problems
6319 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
6325 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
6327 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
6329 =item DJGPP Failures
6331 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
6333 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
6335 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
6337 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
6339 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
6341 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6345 =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
6347 =item OS/2 Test Failures
6349 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
6355 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
6357 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
6359 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
6371 =item XML::Parser not working
6375 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
6377 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
6381 =item Reporting Bugs
6389 =head2 perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
6397 =item Reporting Bugs
6405 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
6411 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6413 =item Incompatible Changes
6417 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
6419 =item AIX Dynaloading
6421 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
6423 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
6429 =item Core Enhancements
6431 =item Modules and Pragmata
6435 =item New Modules and Distributions
6437 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6441 =item Utility Changes
6443 =item New Documentation
6445 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6449 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6451 =item Generic Improvements
6455 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6459 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6463 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6465 =item Source Code Enhancements
6469 =item MAGIC constants
6471 =item Better commented code
6473 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
6481 =item Known Problems
6487 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
6489 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6491 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
6493 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
6495 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
6497 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6501 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
6503 =item Failure of Thread tests
6513 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
6515 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6517 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
6519 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6521 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6523 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
6527 =item Reporting Bugs
6535 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
6541 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6543 =item Incompatible Changes
6545 =item Core Enhancements
6549 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
6551 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
6553 =item Signals Are Now Safe
6557 =item Modules and Pragmata
6563 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6567 =item Performance Enhancements
6569 =item Utility Changes
6571 =item New Documentation
6587 =item README.solaris
6591 =item Porting/repository.pod
6595 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6599 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6601 =item Generic Improvements
6603 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
6604 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
6605 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
6609 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6613 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6617 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6619 =item Changed Internals
6623 =item Known Problems
6627 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
6629 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6631 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6633 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6637 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6639 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
6641 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
6643 =item Failure of Thread tests
6645 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
6647 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6649 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6651 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6655 =item Reporting Bugs
6663 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
6669 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6671 =item Incompatible Changes
6673 =item Core Enhancements
6675 =item Modules and Pragmata
6681 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6685 =item Utility Changes
6687 =item New Documentation
6689 =item Performance Enhancements
6691 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6695 =item Generic Improvements
6699 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6703 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6707 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6709 =item Changed Internals
6711 =item Known Problems
6715 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
6717 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
6719 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6721 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6723 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6725 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
6727 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6729 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
6731 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
6733 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6737 =item Reporting Bugs
6745 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
6751 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
6755 =item Security Issues
6757 =item Core bug fixes
6759 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
6760 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
6761 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
6762 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
6763 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
6764 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
6769 =item Configuration issues
6773 =item Bundled modules
6775 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
6776 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
6777 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
6778 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
6780 =item Platform-specific improvements
6782 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
6786 =item Core Enhancements
6790 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6792 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6794 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6796 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6798 =item "our" declarations
6800 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6802 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6804 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6806 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6808 =item open() with more than two arguments
6810 =item 64-bit support
6812 =item Large file support
6818 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6820 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6822 =item File globbing implemented internally
6824 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6826 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6828 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6830 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6832 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6834 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6836 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6838 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6840 =item Comments in pack() templates
6842 =item Weak references
6844 =item Binary numbers supported
6846 =item Lvalue subroutines
6848 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6850 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6852 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6854 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6856 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6858 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6860 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6862 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6864 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6866 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6868 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6870 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6872 =item Improved diagnostics
6874 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6876 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6878 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6880 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6882 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6884 =item Improved security features
6886 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6888 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6890 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6892 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6894 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6896 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6898 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6902 =item Modules and Pragmata
6908 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6909 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6910 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6911 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6912 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6913 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6914 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6915 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6921 =item Utility Changes
6935 =item The Perl Debugger
6939 =item Improved Documentation
6941 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6942 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6943 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6944 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6946 =item Performance enhancements
6950 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6952 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6954 =item Faster subroutine calls
6956 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6960 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6964 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6966 =item New Configure flags
6968 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6974 =item -Duselargefiles
6976 =item installusrbinperl
6982 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6984 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6988 =item Platform specific changes
6992 =item Supported platforms
6996 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
7004 =item Significant bug fixes
7008 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
7010 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
7012 =item All compilation errors are true errors
7014 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
7016 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
7018 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
7020 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
7022 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
7024 =item Failures in DESTROY()
7026 =item Locale bugs fixed
7030 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
7032 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
7034 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
7036 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
7040 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7042 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
7043 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
7044 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
7045 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
7046 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
7047 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
7048 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
7049 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
7050 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
7051 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
7052 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
7053 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
7054 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
7055 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
7056 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
7057 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
7058 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
7059 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
7060 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
7061 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
7062 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
7063 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
7064 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
7065 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
7066 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
7067 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
7068 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
7069 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
7070 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
7071 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
7072 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
7073 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
7074 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
7075 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
7076 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
7077 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
7078 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
7079 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
7080 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
7081 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
7082 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
7083 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
7084 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
7085 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
7086 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
7087 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
7088 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
7089 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
7090 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
7091 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
7095 =item Incompatible Changes
7099 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
7101 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
7102 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
7103 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
7104 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
7105 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
7106 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
7107 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
7108 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
7109 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
7110 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
7111 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
7113 =item C Source Incompatibilities
7115 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
7117 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
7119 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
7121 =item Binary Incompatibilities
7125 =item Known Problems
7129 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
7131 =item Known test failures
7133 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
7135 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
7137 =item Arrow operator and arrays
7139 =item Experimental features
7141 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
7142 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
7143 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
7147 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7149 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
7150 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
7151 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
7152 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
7154 =item Reporting Bugs
7162 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
7168 =item Core Enhancements
7172 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
7174 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
7176 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
7178 =item Support for interpolating named characters
7180 =item "our" declarations
7182 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
7184 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
7186 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
7188 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
7190 =item open() with more than two arguments
7192 =item 64-bit support
7194 =item Large file support
7200 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
7202 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
7204 =item File globbing implemented internally
7206 =item Support for CHECK blocks
7208 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
7210 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
7212 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
7214 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
7216 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
7218 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
7220 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
7222 =item Comments in pack() templates
7224 =item Weak references
7226 =item Binary numbers supported
7228 =item Lvalue subroutines
7230 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
7232 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
7234 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
7236 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
7238 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
7240 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
7242 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
7244 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
7246 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
7248 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
7250 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
7252 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
7254 =item Improved diagnostics
7256 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
7258 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
7260 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
7262 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
7264 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
7266 =item Improved security features
7268 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
7270 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
7272 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
7274 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
7276 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
7278 =item Optional Y2K warnings
7280 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
7284 =item Modules and Pragmata
7290 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
7291 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
7292 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
7293 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
7294 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
7295 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
7296 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
7297 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
7303 =item Utility Changes
7317 =item The Perl Debugger
7321 =item Improved Documentation
7323 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
7324 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
7325 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
7326 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
7328 =item Performance enhancements
7332 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
7334 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
7336 =item Faster subroutine calls
7338 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
7342 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7346 =item -Dusethreads means something different
7348 =item New Configure flags
7350 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
7356 =item -Duselargefiles
7358 =item installusrbinperl
7364 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
7368 =item Platform specific changes
7372 =item Supported platforms
7376 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
7384 =item Significant bug fixes
7388 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
7390 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
7392 =item All compilation errors are true errors
7394 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
7396 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
7398 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
7400 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
7402 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
7404 =item Failures in DESTROY()
7406 =item Locale bugs fixed
7410 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
7412 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
7414 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
7416 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
7420 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7422 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
7423 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
7424 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
7425 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
7426 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
7427 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
7428 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
7429 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
7430 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
7431 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
7432 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
7433 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
7434 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
7435 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
7436 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
7437 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
7438 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
7439 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
7440 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
7441 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
7442 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
7443 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
7444 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
7445 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
7446 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
7447 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
7448 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
7449 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
7450 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
7451 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
7452 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
7453 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
7454 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
7455 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
7456 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
7457 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
7458 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
7459 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
7460 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
7461 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
7462 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
7463 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
7464 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
7465 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
7466 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
7467 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
7468 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
7469 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
7470 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
7471 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
7475 =item Incompatible Changes
7479 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
7481 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
7482 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
7483 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
7484 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
7485 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
7486 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
7487 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
7488 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
7489 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
7490 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
7491 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
7493 =item C Source Incompatibilities
7495 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
7497 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
7499 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
7501 =item Binary Incompatibilities
7505 =item Known Problems
7509 =item Thread test failures
7511 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
7513 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
7515 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
7517 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
7520 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
7522 =item Arrow operator and arrays
7524 =item Experimental features
7526 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
7527 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
7528 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
7532 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7534 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
7535 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
7536 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
7537 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
7539 =item Reporting Bugs
7547 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
7553 =item About the new versioning system
7555 =item Incompatible Changes
7559 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
7561 =item Default installation structure has changed
7563 =item Perl Source Compatibility
7565 =item C Source Compatibility
7567 =item Binary Compatibility
7569 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
7571 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
7585 =item Regular Expressions
7587 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
7588 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
7589 improvements, Incompatible changes
7591 =item Improved malloc()
7593 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
7595 =item Reliable signals
7597 =item Reliable stack pointers
7599 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
7603 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
7605 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
7607 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
7609 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
7611 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
7613 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
7615 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
7617 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
7619 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
7621 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
7623 =item Better locale support
7625 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
7627 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
7629 =item Extended support for exception handling
7631 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
7633 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
7635 =item New C<INIT> keyword
7637 =item New C<lock> keyword
7639 =item New C<qr//> operator
7641 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
7643 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
7645 =item Tied handles support is better
7647 =item 4th argument to substr
7649 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
7651 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
7653 =item <> now reads in records
7657 =item Supported Platforms
7663 =item Changes in existing support
7667 =item Modules and Pragmata
7673 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
7674 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
7675 Thread, attrs, fields, re
7677 =item Changes in existing modules
7679 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
7680 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
7684 =item Utility Changes
7686 =item Documentation Changes
7688 =item New Diagnostics
7690 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
7691 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
7692 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
7693 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
7694 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
7695 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
7696 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
7697 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
7698 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
7699 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
7700 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
7701 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
7702 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
7703 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
7704 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
7705 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
7706 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
7708 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7710 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
7711 temporary file, regexp too big
7713 =item Configuration Changes
7723 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
7729 =item Supported Environments
7735 =item List assignment to %ENV works
7737 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
7739 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
7741 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
7743 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
7745 =item More precise warnings
7747 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
7749 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
7751 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
7753 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
7755 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
7757 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
7759 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
7761 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
7763 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
7765 =item Changes to tainting checks
7767 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
7768 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
7770 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
7772 =item Embedding improvements
7774 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
7776 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
7778 =item New and changed syntax
7782 =item New and changed builtin constants
7786 =item New and changed builtin variables
7790 =item New and changed builtin functions
7792 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
7793 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
7794 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
7795 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
7796 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
7798 =item New builtin methods
7800 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
7802 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
7804 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
7805 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
7807 =item Malloc enhancements
7809 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
7811 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
7815 =item Support for More Operating Systems
7831 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
7832 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
7838 =item Required Updates
7840 =item Installation directories
7842 =item Module information summary
7856 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
7860 =item Utility Changes
7866 Sends converted HTML to standard output
7870 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
7874 =item C Language API Changes
7876 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
7879 =item Documentation Changes
7881 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
7882 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
7884 =item New Diagnostics
7886 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
7887 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
7888 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
7889 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
7890 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
7891 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
7892 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
7893 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
7894 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
7895 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
7896 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
7897 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
7898 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
7899 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
7900 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
7901 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
7902 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
7903 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
7904 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
7905 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
7906 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
7907 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
7908 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
7909 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
7910 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
7920 =head2 perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License
7928 =item The "Artistic License"
7936 "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Reasonable
7937 copying fee", "Freely Available"
7941 a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)
7947 =head2 perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2
7959 =item GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
7963 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
7971 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
7975 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
7977 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
7979 =item The usenm option
7981 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
7983 =item Using Large Files with Perl
7989 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
7999 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
8015 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
8017 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
8019 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
8021 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
8027 =item Accessing documentation
8031 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
8033 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
8035 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
8037 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
8041 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
8045 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
8047 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
8049 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
8051 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
8053 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
8057 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
8065 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
8075 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5.8+ on BeOS
8081 =item BUILD AND INSTALL
8095 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8101 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
8111 =item gzip on BS2000
8113 =item bison on BS2000
8115 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
8117 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
8119 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
8121 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
8123 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
8125 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
8127 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
8129 =item Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions
8147 =head2 perlce - Perl for WinCE
8159 Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's
8160 celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources
8164 go to ./wince subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run compile.bat, run
8169 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
8175 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
8181 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
8185 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
8187 =item Cygwin Configuration
8189 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
8193 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
8197 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
8199 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
8201 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
8202 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
8204 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
8206 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
8207 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
8210 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
8212 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
8216 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
8220 =item Errors on Cygwin
8226 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
8230 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
8232 =item NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
8234 =item C<fork()> failures in io_* tests
8238 =item Specific features of the Cygwin port
8242 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
8244 Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, F<.exe>, cygwin vs. windows process ids,
8245 C<chown()>, Miscellaneous
8247 =item Prebuilt methods:
8249 C<Cwd::cwd>, C<Cygwin::pid_to_winpid>, C<Cygwin::winpid_to_pid>
8253 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
8255 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
8257 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
8258 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
8260 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
8268 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
8280 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
8284 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
8286 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
8288 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
8290 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
8300 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
8310 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
8314 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
8316 =item Building Perl on DOS
8318 =item Testing Perl on DOS
8320 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
8324 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
8328 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
8330 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
8332 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
8334 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
8344 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
8352 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
8354 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
8358 =item Editors on Epoc
8360 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
8362 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
8364 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
8368 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
8376 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
8384 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
8386 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
8388 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
8396 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
8405 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
8407 =item Using perl from HP's porting centre
8409 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
8413 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
8421 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
8423 =item Itanium & Itanium 2
8425 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
8427 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
8429 =item The GNU C Compiler
8431 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
8433 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
8435 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
8437 =item Oracle on HP-UX
8439 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
8441 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
8443 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
8445 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
8449 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8457 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
8465 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
8473 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
8481 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
8483 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
8485 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
8487 =item Linker Problems in Irix
8489 =item Malloc in Irix
8491 =item Building with threads in Irix
8501 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
8510 =item Perl version 5.8.x and greater not supported
8512 =item Compiling Perl 5.6.x on MachTen
8514 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
8516 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
8518 =item Building external modules on MachTen
8528 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
8542 =head2 perlmacosx, README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X
8552 =item Installation Prefix
8554 =item libperl and Prebinding
8556 =item Updating Panther
8558 =item Known problems
8568 =item Starting From Scratch
8576 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
8582 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
8588 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
8596 =item Binary distribution from HP
8598 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
8600 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
8602 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
8604 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
8606 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
8608 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
8609 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
8611 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
8615 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
8617 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
8619 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
8621 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
8623 =item Perl/iX Change History
8629 =head2 perlnetware - Perl for NetWare
8643 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
8655 =item BUILD NEW EXTENSIONS
8657 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
8665 =head2 perlopenbsd, README.openbsd - Perl version 5 on OpenBSD systems
8673 =item OpenBSD core dumps from getprotobyname_r and getservbyname_r with
8682 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
8702 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
8704 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
8706 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
8710 =item Frequently asked questions
8714 =item "It does not work"
8716 =item I cannot run external programs
8718 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
8721 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
8724 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
8726 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
8734 =item Automatic binary installation
8736 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
8738 =item Manual binary installation
8740 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
8741 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
8742 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
8743 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
8744 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
8750 =item Accessing documentation
8754 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
8762 =item GNU C<info> files
8774 =item The short story
8778 =item Getting perl source
8780 =item Application of the patches
8788 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
8791 =item Installing the built perl
8793 =item C<a.out>-style build
8797 =item Building a binary distribution
8799 =item Building custom F<.EXE> files
8803 =item Making executables with a custom collection of statically loaded
8806 =item Making executables with a custom search-paths
8814 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
8816 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
8818 =item Problems with tr or sed
8820 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
8822 =item Library ... not found
8824 =item Segfault in make
8826 =item op/sprintf test failure
8830 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
8834 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
8838 =item C<extproc> on the first line
8840 =item Additional modules:
8842 =item Prebuilt methods:
8844 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
8845 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
8846 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
8847 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
8848 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
8849 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
8850 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
8851 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
8852 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
8853 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
8854 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
8855 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
8857 =item Prebuilt variables:
8859 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
8866 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
8869 =item Identifying DLLs
8871 =item Centralized management of resources
8873 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
8874 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
8875 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
8876 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
8890 =item F<perl___.exe>
8892 =item Why strange names?
8894 =item Why dynamic linking?
8896 =item Why chimera build?
8904 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
8906 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
8908 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
8910 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
8912 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
8914 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
8922 =item Text-mode filehandles
8926 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
8928 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
8930 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
8933 =item DLL forwarder generation
8937 =item Calls to external programs
8939 =item Memory allocation
8943 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
8959 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
8972 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
8974 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
8976 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
8978 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
8980 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8982 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8984 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8986 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
8988 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8990 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
9000 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
9008 =head2 perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400
9016 =item Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE
9018 =item Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE
9020 =item Using Perl in OS/400 PASE
9022 =item Known Problems
9032 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
9042 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
9044 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
9046 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
9048 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
9052 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
9056 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
9068 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
9076 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
9078 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
9080 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
9082 =item QNX auxiliary files
9086 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
9094 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
9102 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
9108 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
9114 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
9116 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
9118 =item Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris
9122 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
9126 =item 64-bit perl on Solaris.
9128 =item Threads in perl on Solaris.
9130 =item Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.
9134 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
9136 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
9137 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
9138 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
9144 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
9146 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
9150 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
9152 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
9156 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
9160 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
9162 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
9166 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
9168 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
9170 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
9182 =head2 perlsymbian, README.symbian - Perl version 5 on Symbian OS
9190 =item Compiling Perl on Symbian
9192 =item Compilation problems
9196 =item Using Perl in Symbian
9216 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
9217 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
9225 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
9227 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
9229 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
9231 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
9233 =item DB_File tests failing on Tru64
9235 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
9237 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
9241 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
9243 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
9245 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
9251 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
9259 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
9261 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
9267 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
9277 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
9279 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
9281 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
9283 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
9285 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
9295 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
9301 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
9309 =item Organization of Perl Images
9315 =item Perl Extensions
9317 =item Installing static extensions
9319 =item Installing dynamic extensions
9323 =item File specifications
9329 =item Wildcard expansion
9335 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
9341 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
9343 =item Command line switches
9349 =item Perl functions
9351 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
9352 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
9353 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
9354 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
9356 =item Perl variables
9358 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
9360 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
9374 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
9380 =item BUILDING PERL FOR VOS
9382 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
9384 =item USING PERL IN VOS
9388 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
9390 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
9396 =item SUPPORT STATUS
9404 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
9414 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
9416 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Visual
9417 C++ Toolkit 2003, Microsoft Platform SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW release 3
9418 with gcc, MinGW release 1 with gcc
9422 =item Testing Perl on Win32
9424 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
9426 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
9428 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
9429 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
9430 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
9432 =item Running Perl Scripts
9434 =item Miscellaneous Things
9438 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
9440 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
9444 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
9445 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
9446 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>, Jan Dubois E<lt>jand@activestate.comE<gt>,
9447 Steve Hay E<lt>steve.hay@uk.radan.comE<gt>
9455 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
9457 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
9469 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
9479 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
9480 data structures between threads
9492 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
9493 LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
9494 ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9506 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9515 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9516 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
9517 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
9521 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9527 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
9528 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
9530 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9536 =head2 assertions - select assertions in blocks of code
9548 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
9552 =head2 assertions::activate - activate assertions
9564 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
9568 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
9578 =item Built-in Attributes
9580 locked, method, lvalue
9582 =item Available Subroutines
9586 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
9588 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
9590 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
9598 =item Default exports
9600 =item Available exports
9602 =item Export tags defined
9612 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
9628 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time
9638 Base class package "%s" is empty
9648 =head2 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
9660 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
9664 =item Internal Format
9686 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
9698 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
9704 inf(), NaN(), upgrade()
9708 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
9726 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
9748 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
9754 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
9755 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
9756 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
9757 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
9758 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
9768 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
9782 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
9797 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
9806 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
9808 =item CUSTOM ALIASES
9812 =item Anonymous hashes
9816 =item Alias shortcut
9820 =item charnames::viacode(code)
9822 =item charnames::vianame(name)
9826 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
9832 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
9844 =item List constants
9846 =item Defining multiple constants at once
9848 =item Magic constants
9852 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
9862 =head2 diagnostics, splain - produce verbose warning diagnostics
9872 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
9874 =item The I<splain> Program
9888 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
9898 =item Literal Conversions
9900 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
9902 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
9906 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
9908 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
9912 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
9913 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
9915 =item The Filter Option
9919 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
9929 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
9931 =item tr/// with ranges
9933 Legend of characters above
9937 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
9939 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
9941 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
9945 =item The Logic of :locale
9955 =head2 encoding::warnings - Warn on implicit encoding conversions
9967 =item Overview of the problem
9969 =item Detecting the problem
9971 =item Solving the problem
9973 Upgrade both sides to unicode-strings, Downgrade both sides to
9974 byte-strings, Specify the encoding for implicit byte-string upgrading,
9975 PerlIO layers for B<STDIN> and B<STDOUT>, Literal conversions, Implicit
9976 upgrading for byte-strings
9994 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
10008 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
10018 =item subpragma access
10024 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
10038 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
10049 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
10059 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
10069 =item Adding directories to @INC
10071 =item Deleting directories from @INC
10073 =item Restoring original @INC
10087 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
10098 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
10106 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
10108 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
10114 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
10126 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
10136 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
10138 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
10140 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
10142 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
10144 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
10146 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
10148 =item Overloadable Operations
10150 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
10151 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
10152 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
10154 =item Inheritance and overloading
10156 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
10157 is inherited by derived classes
10161 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
10169 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
10171 =item Copy Constructor
10177 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
10179 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
10180 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
10181 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
10184 =item Losing overloading
10186 =item Run-time Overloading
10188 =item Public functions
10190 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
10192 =item Overloading constants
10194 integer, float, binary, q, qr
10196 =item IMPLEMENTATION
10198 =item Metaphor clash
10204 =item Two-face scalars
10206 =item Two-face references
10208 =item Symbolic calculator
10210 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
10218 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
10219 type, `%s' is not a code reference
10225 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
10237 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
10239 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
10243 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
10247 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
10255 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
10267 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
10275 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
10281 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
10291 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
10292 structures between threads
10304 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
10305 LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
10306 ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
10318 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
10329 =item Utility functions
10331 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::downgrade($string[,
10332 FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), utf8::decode($string), $flag =
10333 utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)
10343 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
10353 =head2 version - Perl extension for Version Objects
10363 =item What IS a version
10365 Numeric Versions, Quoted Versions
10367 =item What about v-strings?
10369 =item Numeric Versions
10371 =item Quoted Versions
10373 =item Object Methods
10375 New Operator, qv(), Normal Form, Numification, Stringification, Comparison
10376 operators, Logical Operators
10380 =item Types of Versions Objects
10382 Ordinary versions, Alpha versions
10384 =item Replacement UNIVERSAL::VERSION
10396 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
10404 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
10408 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
10416 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
10417 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
10418 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
10419 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
10420 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
10424 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
10434 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
10436 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
10446 =item DBM Comparisons
10456 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
10466 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
10470 =item Typed lexicals
10472 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
10474 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
10476 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
10478 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
10486 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
10487 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
10488 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
10489 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
10490 be able to apply END handler>
10500 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
10510 =item Subroutine Stubs
10512 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
10514 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
10516 =item Package Lexicals
10518 =item Not Using AutoLoader
10520 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
10530 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
10538 $keep, $check, $modtime
10542 =item Multiple packages
10550 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
10560 =item Utility Functions
10564 =item Functions Returning C<B::SV>, C<B::AV>, C<B::HV>, and C<B::CV>
10567 sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av,
10568 check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv
10570 =item Functions for Examining the Symbol Table
10572 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)
10574 =item Functions Returning C<B::OP> objects or for walking op trees
10576 main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)
10578 =item Miscellaneous Utility Functions
10580 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
10581 perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
10585 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
10589 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
10591 =item B::SV Methods
10593 REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref
10595 =item B::IV Methods
10597 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
10599 =item B::NV Methods
10603 =item B::RV Methods
10607 =item B::PV Methods
10611 =item B::PVMG Methods
10615 =item B::MAGIC Methods
10617 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
10619 =item B::PVLV Methods
10621 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
10623 =item B::BM Methods
10625 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
10627 =item B::GV Methods
10629 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
10630 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
10632 =item B::IO Methods
10634 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
10635 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
10637 =item B::AV Methods
10639 FILL, MAX, ARRAY, ARRAYelt
10641 =item B::CV Methods
10643 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB,
10644 XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
10646 =item B::HV Methods
10648 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, ARRAY
10650 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
10652 =item B::OP Methods
10654 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, opt, static, flags, private,
10657 =item B::UNOP METHOD
10661 =item B::BINOP METHOD
10665 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
10669 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
10673 =item B::PMOP Methods
10675 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
10676 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset
10678 =item B::SVOP METHOD
10682 =item B::PADOP METHOD
10686 =item B::PVOP METHOD
10690 =item B::LOOP Methods
10692 redoop, nextop, lastop
10694 =item B::COP Methods
10696 label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io
10704 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
10713 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
10719 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
10731 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10751 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
10763 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
10773 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
10783 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
10784 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
10785 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
10796 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
10806 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
10807 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
10808 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
10820 =item Context of ".."
10824 =item Deprecated features
10832 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
10846 =item Options for Opcode Ordering
10848 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>
10850 =item Options for Line-Style
10852 B<-concise>, B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
10854 =item Options for tree-specific formatting
10856 B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>
10858 =item Options controlling sequence numbering
10860 B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>
10862 =item Other options
10864 B<-main>, B<-nomain>, B<-nobanner>, B<-banner>, B<-banneris> => subref
10866 =item Option Stickiness
10870 =item ABBREVIATIONS
10874 =item OP class abbreviations
10876 =item OP flags abbreviations
10880 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
10884 =item Special Patterns
10886 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
10887 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
10892 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<#>I<Var>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
10893 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
10894 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
10895 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
10896 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#opt>, B<#static>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>,
10897 B<#svclass>, B<#svval>, B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
10901 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
10905 =item Example: Altering Concise Renderings
10909 =item set_style_standard($name)
10913 =item add_callback()
10915 =item Running B::Concise::compile()
10917 =item B::Concise::reset_sequence()
10927 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
10939 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
10949 B<-d>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
10950 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
10952 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
10962 =item ambient_pragmas
10964 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
10976 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
10988 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
10996 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
10998 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<bare-subs>,
10999 B<dollar-underscore>, B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>,
11000 B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
11002 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
11012 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
11022 =item IMPLEMENTATION
11030 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
11054 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
11066 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
11068 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
11080 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
11090 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
11098 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
11118 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
11132 =item Standard Exports
11134 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
11135 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
11136 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
11138 =item Optional Exports
11140 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [
11141 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
11142 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
11144 =item :hireswallclock
11160 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
11164 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
11178 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
11190 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
11200 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
11212 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
11214 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
11216 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
11218 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
11220 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
11222 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
11224 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
11226 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
11228 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
11230 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
11232 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
11234 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
11236 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
11238 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
11240 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
11242 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
11244 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
11246 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
11247 B<:standard>, B<:all>
11251 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
11252 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
11255 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
11257 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
11258 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
11263 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
11267 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
11269 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
11271 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
11273 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
11275 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
11277 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
11279 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
11281 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
11282 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
11284 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
11288 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
11292 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
11294 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
11296 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
11298 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
11300 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
11302 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
11303 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
11305 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
11309 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
11313 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
11315 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
11317 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
11319 =item FORM ELEMENTS
11321 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-values>, B<-tabindex>, B<-id>, B<-override>,
11322 B<-onChange>, B<-onFocus>, B<-onBlur>, B<-onMouseOver>, B<-onMouseOut>,
11325 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
11329 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
11331 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
11333 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
11337 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
11339 =item CREATING AN OPTION GROUP
11341 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
11345 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
11349 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
11353 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
11357 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
11361 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
11363 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
11365 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
11369 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
11371 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
11372 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
11374 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
11380 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
11381 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
11383 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
11385 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
11386 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
11389 =item SUPPORT FOR JAVASCRIPT
11391 B<onLoad>, B<onUnload>, B<onSubmit>, B<onClick>, B<onChange>, B<onFocus>,
11392 B<onBlur>, B<onSelect>, B<onMouseOver>, B<onMouseOut>
11394 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
11400 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
11404 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
11406 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
11407 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
11408 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
11409 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
11410 B<virtual_port ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name
11411 ()>, B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
11413 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
11415 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
11420 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
11422 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
11424 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
11425 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
11427 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
11429 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11433 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
11434 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
11435 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
11436 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
11437 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
11438 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
11439 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
11440 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
11441 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
11442 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
11443 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
11444 ...and many many more..
11446 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
11454 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
11464 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11472 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
11481 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
11483 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
11487 =item Changing the default message
11491 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
11493 =item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
11501 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
11509 =item USING CGI::Cookie
11511 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
11515 =item Creating New Cookies
11517 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
11519 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
11521 =item Manipulating Cookies
11523 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
11527 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11535 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
11543 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
11545 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
11547 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
11549 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
11551 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
11553 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
11557 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11565 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
11575 =item Tags that won't be formatted
11577 =item Customizing the Indenting
11589 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
11597 =item USING CGI::Push
11599 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
11603 =item Heterogeneous Pages
11605 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
11609 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
11611 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11619 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
11629 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11637 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
11645 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11651 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
11663 =item Interactive Mode
11665 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
11666 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
11667 distribution, ls author, Signals
11675 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
11677 =item Programmer's interface
11679 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
11681 =item Methods in the other Classes
11683 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
11684 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
11685 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
11686 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
11687 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
11688 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
11689 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
11690 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
11691 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
11692 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
11693 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
11694 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
11695 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
11696 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
11697 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
11698 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
11699 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
11700 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
11701 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
11702 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
11703 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
11704 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
11705 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
11706 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
11707 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
11708 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
11710 =item Cache Manager
11714 =item Prerequisites
11716 =item Finding packages and VERSION
11720 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
11724 =item CONFIGURATION
11726 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
11727 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
11728 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
11729 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
11733 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
11735 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
11743 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
11745 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
11749 =item Three basic types of firewalls
11751 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
11753 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
11759 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
11771 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
11781 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
11794 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
11804 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
11812 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
11816 =item $Carp::CarpLevel
11818 =item $Carp::MaxEvalLen
11820 =item $Carp::MaxArgLen
11822 =item $Carp::MaxArgNums
11824 =item $Carp::Verbose
11836 =head2 Carp::Heavy - heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside
11838 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
11848 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
11849 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
11850 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
11852 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
11860 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
11870 =item The C<struct()> function
11872 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
11874 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
11876 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
11877 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
11879 =item Initializing with C<new>
11885 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
11887 =item Author and Modification History
11891 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
11899 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names)
11911 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
11915 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
11916 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
11917 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
11918 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
11922 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
11926 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
11927 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
11928 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
11929 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
11930 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
11931 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
11932 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
11936 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_aintl>, C<d_alarm>,
11937 C<d_archlib>, C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>,
11938 C<d_attribute_format>, C<d_attribute_malloc>, C<d_attribute_nonnull>,
11939 C<d_attribute_noreturn>, C<d_attribute_pure>, C<d_attribute_unused>,
11940 C<d_attribute_warn_unused_result>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>,
11941 C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>,
11942 C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>,
11943 C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>, C<d_copysignl>, C<d_crypt>,
11944 C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>, C<d_cuserid>,
11945 C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>,
11946 C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48_r>,
11947 C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endgrent_r>,
11948 C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endnetent_r>,
11949 C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endpwent_r>,
11950 C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_faststdio>,
11951 C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>,
11952 C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>,
11953 C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>,
11954 C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>,
11955 C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>,
11956 C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>,
11957 C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>,
11958 C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>,
11959 C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>,
11960 C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>,
11961 C<d_gethostent_r>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>,
11962 C<d_getlogin_r>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
11963 C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>,
11964 C<d_getnetent_r>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
11965 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
11966 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>,
11967 C<d_getprotobynumber_r>, C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>,
11968 C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>,
11969 C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
11970 C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>, C<d_getservent_r>,
11971 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>, C<d_gettimeod>,
11972 C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
11973 C<d_ilogbl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
11974 C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>,
11975 C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>, C<d_locconv>,
11976 C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>,
11977 C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>,
11978 C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>,
11979 C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>,
11980 C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_modflproto>,
11981 C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>,
11982 C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>,
11983 C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>,
11984 C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>,
11985 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
11986 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
11987 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
11988 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
11989 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
11990 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
11991 C<d_pthread_attr_setscope>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
11992 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
11993 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
11994 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
11995 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
11996 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_scalbnl>, C<d_sched_yield>,
11997 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
11998 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
11999 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
12000 C<d_setgrent_r>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>,
12001 C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>,
12002 C<d_setnent>, C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
12003 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>,
12004 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
12005 C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
12006 C<d_setservent_r>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
12007 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
12008 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
12009 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
12010 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>,
12011 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
12012 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
12013 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
12014 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
12015 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>,
12016 C<d_strftime>, C<d_strlcat>, C<d_strlcpy>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
12017 C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
12018 C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
12019 C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
12020 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
12021 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
12022 C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
12023 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
12024 C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
12025 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vendorscript>, C<d_vfork>,
12026 C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>,
12027 C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>,
12028 C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>,
12029 C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>, C<db_version_patch>,
12030 C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>,
12031 C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
12035 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
12036 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
12037 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
12038 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
12042 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
12043 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
12048 C<gccansipedantic>, C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>,
12049 C<getgrgid_r_proto>, C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>,
12050 C<gethostbyname_r_proto>, C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>,
12051 C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>, C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>,
12052 C<getprotobyname_r_proto>, C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>,
12053 C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>, C<getpwnam_r_proto>,
12054 C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>, C<getservbyport_r_proto>,
12055 C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>,
12056 C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<gmtime_r_proto>,
12057 C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
12061 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<html1dir>, C<html1direxp>,
12062 C<html3dir>, C<html3direxp>
12066 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
12067 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
12068 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
12069 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
12070 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
12071 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
12072 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
12073 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
12074 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
12075 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
12076 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
12077 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
12078 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
12079 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
12080 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
12081 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
12082 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
12083 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
12084 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installhtml1dir>,
12085 C<installhtml3dir>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>,
12086 C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
12087 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitehtml1dir>,
12088 C<installsitehtml3dir>, C<installsitelib>, C<installsiteman1dir>,
12089 C<installsiteman3dir>, C<installsitescript>, C<installstyle>,
12090 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
12091 C<installvendorhtml1dir>, C<installvendorhtml3dir>, C<installvendorlib>,
12092 C<installvendorman1dir>, C<installvendorman3dir>, C<installvendorscript>,
12093 C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
12097 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
12101 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
12102 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
12103 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
12104 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
12105 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
12106 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
12111 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
12112 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
12113 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
12117 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mistrustnm>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>,
12118 C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>,
12123 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
12124 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
12125 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
12126 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
12127 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
12131 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
12132 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
12136 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
12137 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
12141 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
12142 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
12143 C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>, C<privlibexp>,
12144 C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
12148 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
12152 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
12153 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
12154 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
12158 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
12159 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
12160 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
12161 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
12162 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
12163 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
12164 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
12165 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitehtml1dir>, C<sitehtml1direxp>, C<sitehtml3dir>,
12166 C<sitehtml3direxp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>,
12167 C<siteman1dir>, C<siteman1direxp>, C<siteman3dir>, C<siteman3direxp>,
12168 C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sitescript>, C<sitescriptexp>,
12169 C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>,
12170 C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>,
12171 C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>,
12172 C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>,
12173 C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>, C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>,
12174 C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>,
12175 C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>,
12176 C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>,
12177 C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
12181 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
12182 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
12187 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
12188 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
12189 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
12190 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<usefaststdio>,
12191 C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemallocwrap>,
12192 C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>,
12193 C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usereentrant>, C<userelocatableinc>,
12194 C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>,
12195 C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>,
12196 C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
12200 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
12201 C<vendorhtml1dir>, C<vendorhtml1direxp>, C<vendorhtml3dir>,
12202 C<vendorhtml3direxp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>,
12203 C<vendorman1dir>, C<vendorman1direxp>, C<vendorman3dir>,
12204 C<vendorman3direxp>, C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<vendorscript>,
12205 C<vendorscriptexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
12206 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
12214 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
12232 dynamic, nonxs, static
12238 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
12248 =item getcwd and friends
12250 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd, getdcwd
12252 =item abs_path and friends
12254 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
12270 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
12282 =item Global Variables
12284 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
12285 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
12290 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
12291 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
12293 =item Client Callback Methods
12295 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
12296 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
12297 CLIENT->output(LIST)
12307 =head2 DBM_Filter -- Filter DBM keys/values
12315 =item What is a DBM Filter?
12319 =item So what's new?
12327 =item $db->Filter_Push()
12329 =item $db->Filter_Key_Push()
12331 =item $db->Filter_Value_Push()
12333 Filter_Push, Filter_Key_Push, Filter_Value_Push
12335 =item $db->Filter_Pop()
12337 =item $db->Filtered()
12341 =item Writing a Filter
12345 =item Immediate Filters
12347 =item Canned Filters
12353 =item Filters Included
12355 utf8, encode, compress, int32, null
12361 =item Maintain Round Trip Integrity
12363 =item Don't mix filtered & non-filtered data in the same database file.
12375 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
12383 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
12387 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
12389 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
12391 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
12393 =item Default Parameters
12395 =item In Memory Databases
12403 =item A Simple Example
12411 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
12413 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
12415 =item The get_dup() Method
12417 =item The find_dup() Method
12419 =item The del_dup() Method
12421 =item Matching Partial Keys
12429 =item The 'bval' Option
12431 =item A Simple Example
12433 =item Extra RECNO Methods
12435 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
12436 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
12437 length, elements);>
12439 =item Another Example
12443 =item THE API INTERFACE
12445 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
12446 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
12447 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
12448 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
12452 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
12453 B<filter_fetch_value>
12459 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
12461 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
12465 =item HINTS AND TIPS
12469 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
12471 =item Safe ways to lock a database
12473 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
12475 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
12477 =item The untie() Gotcha
12481 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
12485 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
12487 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
12489 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
12491 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
12511 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
12512 printing and C<eval>
12524 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
12525 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
12526 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
12533 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
12559 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
12567 =item PROFILE FORMAT
12579 =head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability
12589 =item Why use ppport.h?
12591 You should use F<ppport.h> in modern code so that your code will work
12592 with the widest range of Perl interpreters possible, without significant
12595 =item How to use ppport.h
12597 =item Running ppport.h
12609 =item COMPATIBILITY
12613 =item Provided Perl compatibility API
12615 =item Perl API not supported by ppport.h
12617 perl 5.9.2, perl 5.9.1, perl 5.9.0, perl 5.8.3, perl 5.8.1, perl 5.8.0,
12618 perl 5.7.3, perl 5.7.2, perl 5.7.1, perl 5.6.1, perl 5.6.0, perl 5.005_03,
12619 perl 5.005, perl 5.004_05, perl 5.004_04, perl 5.004
12633 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
12643 =item Runtime debugging
12645 =item Memory footprint debugging
12653 =item A simple scalar string
12655 =item A simple scalar number
12657 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
12659 =item A reference to a simple scalar
12661 =item A reference to an array
12663 =item A reference to a hash
12665 =item Dumping a large array or hash
12667 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
12669 =item A reference to a subroutine
12683 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
12693 =head2 Digest - Modules that calculate message digests
12701 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
12705 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
12706 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset,
12707 $ctx->add( $data, ... ), $ctx->addfile( $io_handle ), $ctx->add_bits(
12708 $data, $nbits ), $ctx->add_bits( $bitstring ), $ctx->digest,
12709 $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
12719 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
12729 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
12733 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...),
12734 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->add_bits($data, $nbits),
12735 $md5->add_bits($bitstring), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
12747 =head2 Digest::base - Digest base class
12759 =head2 Digest::file - Calculate digests of files
12767 digest_file( $file, $algorithm, [$arg,...] ), digest_file_hex( $file,
12768 $algorithm, [$arg,...] ), digest_file_base64( $file, $algorithm, [$arg,...]
12775 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
12787 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
12799 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
12800 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
12801 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
12806 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
12807 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
12813 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
12821 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
12822 @dl_modules, @dl_shared_objects, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(),
12823 dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(),
12824 dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(),
12825 dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()
12831 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
12842 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
12844 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
12848 =item Order of initialization: early load()
12852 =item The most hairy case
12862 =head2 Encode - character encodings
12870 =item Table of Contents
12882 =item PERL ENCODING API
12884 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
12885 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
12886 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
12891 =item Listing available encodings
12893 =item Defining Aliases
12897 =item Encoding via PerlIO
12899 =item Handling Malformed Data
12901 B<NOTE:> Not all encoding suppport this feature, I<CHECK> =
12902 Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1), I<CHECK> =
12903 Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode (I<CHECK> =
12904 Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML
12905 charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The bitmask
12909 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
12913 =item Defining Encodings
12915 =item The UTF-8 flag
12917 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
12921 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
12923 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
12927 =item UTF-8 vs. utf8
12935 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
12943 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
12948 =item Alias overloading
12956 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
12970 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
12972 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
12988 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
12990 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
12992 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
13006 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
13016 =item Methods you should implement
13018 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
13019 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
13021 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
13023 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>renewed, -E<gt>perlio_ok(),
13024 -E<gt>needs_lines()
13026 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
13030 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
13034 =item Compiled Encodings
13040 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
13044 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
13054 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
13055 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
13056 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
13066 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
13076 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
13084 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
13086 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
13088 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
13102 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
13104 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
13120 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
13126 =item How does it work?
13128 =item Line Buffering
13132 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
13140 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
13148 =item Encoding Names
13152 =item Supported Encodings
13156 =item Built-in Encodings
13158 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
13160 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
13162 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
13163 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
13165 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
13167 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
13168 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
13169 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
13171 =item Miscellaneous encodings
13173 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
13177 =item Unsupported encodings
13179 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
13180 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
13181 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
13182 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
13184 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
13186 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
13190 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
13192 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
13198 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
13199 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
13206 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
13207 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
13211 =item Other Notable Sites
13213 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
13214 "Introduction to i18n"
13216 =item Offline sources
13218 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
13224 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
13238 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
13254 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
13262 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
13264 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
13270 =item by endianness
13272 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
13276 =item Surrogate Pairs
13278 =item Error Checking
13284 =head2 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding
13298 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
13307 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
13312 =item Alias overloading
13320 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
13321 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
13323 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
13326 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
13329 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
13330 Implementation Base Class
13340 =item Methods you should implement
13342 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
13343 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
13345 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
13347 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>renewed, -E<gt>perlio_ok(),
13348 -E<gt>needs_lines()
13350 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
13354 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
13358 =item Compiled Encodings
13364 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
13368 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
13379 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
13380 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
13381 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
13391 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
13392 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
13394 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
13397 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
13400 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
13401 and 'Q' header encoding
13417 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
13418 on Encode and PerlIO
13424 =item How does it work?
13426 =item Line Buffering
13430 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
13438 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
13439 supported by Encode
13447 =item Encoding Names
13451 =item Supported Encodings
13455 =item Built-in Encodings
13457 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
13459 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
13461 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
13462 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
13464 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
13466 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
13467 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
13468 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
13470 =item Miscellaneous encodings
13472 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
13476 =item Unsupported encodings
13478 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
13479 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
13480 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
13481 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
13483 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
13485 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
13489 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
13491 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
13497 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
13498 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
13505 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
13506 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
13510 =item Other Notable Sites
13512 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
13513 "Introduction to i18n"
13515 =item Offline sources
13517 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
13523 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7
13538 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
13550 =item Predefined Methods
13552 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
13553 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
13554 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
13556 =item Example: base64 transcoder
13558 =item Operator Overloading
13566 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
13567 non-ascii or non-utf8
13577 =item Literal Conversions
13579 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
13581 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
13585 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
13587 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
13591 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
13592 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
13594 =item The Filter Option
13598 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
13608 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
13610 =item tr/// with ranges
13612 Legend of characters above
13616 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
13618 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
13620 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
13624 =item The Logic of :locale
13634 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
13646 =item Predefined Methods
13648 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
13649 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
13650 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
13652 =item Example: base64 transcoder
13654 =item Operator Overloading
13662 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
13675 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
13690 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
13706 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
13716 =item How to Export
13718 =item Selecting What To Export
13720 =item How to Import
13722 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
13726 =item Advanced features
13730 =item Specialised Import Lists
13732 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
13734 =item Exporting without inheriting from Exporter
13736 =item Module Version Checking
13738 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
13740 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
13742 =item Generating combined tags
13744 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
13750 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
13760 =head2 ExtUtils::CBuilder - Compile and link C code for Perl modules
13770 new, have_compiler, compile, C<object_file>, C<include_dirs>,
13771 C<extra_compiler_flags>, link, lib_file, module_name, extra_linker_flags,
13772 link_executable, exe_file, object_file, lib_file, exe_file, prelink,
13787 =head2 ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows - Builder class for Windows
13800 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
13841 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
13855 B<warn_if_old_packlist>
13857 B<perllocal_install>
13861 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
13871 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
13879 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
13881 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
13883 WriteMakefileSnippet
13885 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
13886 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
13894 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant::Base - base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
13908 memEQ_clause args_hashref
13910 dump_names arg_hashref, ITEM..
13912 assign arg_hashref, VALUE..
13914 return_clause arg_hashref, ITEM
13916 switch_clause arg_hashref, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
13920 dogfood arg_hashref, ITEM..
13922 C_constant arg_hashref, ITEM.., name, type, value, macro, default, pre,
13923 post, def_pre, def_post, utf8, weight
13933 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant::Utils - helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant
13947 perl_stringify NAME
13955 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant::XS, ExtUtils::Constant::Base - base class for
13956 ExtUtils::Constant objects
13970 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
13982 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
13983 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
13993 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
14011 B<install_default> I<DISCOURAGED>
14023 B<PERL_INSTALL_ROOT>
14031 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
14043 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
14044 packlist(), version()
14052 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
14060 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
14061 dynamic extensions at load time
14067 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
14077 =item VMS implementation
14079 =item Win32 implementation
14087 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
14097 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_AIX - AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
14107 =item Overridden methods
14121 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods
14133 =item Cross-platform helper methods
14159 =item File::Spec wrappers
14175 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
14176 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
14190 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
14191 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
14205 replace_manpage_separator
14209 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
14219 =item Overridden methods
14227 B<replace_manpage_separator>
14237 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic
14247 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
14248 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
14260 init_platform, platform_constants
14268 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
14269 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
14287 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_QNX - QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
14297 =item Overridden methods
14311 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
14321 =item Overridden methods
14329 B<replace_manpage_separator>
14339 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
14433 init_platform, platform_constants
14477 post_initialize (o)
14489 replace_manpage_separator
14513 test_via_harness (override)
14515 test_via_script (override)
14539 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
14540 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
14550 =item Methods always loaded
14562 guess_name (override)
14566 find_perl (override)
14568 maybe_command (override)
14572 pm_to_blib (override)
14574 perl_script (override)
14576 replace_manpage_separator
14582 init_main (override)
14584 init_others (override)
14586 init_platform (override)
14590 init_VERSION (override)
14592 constants (override)
14598 const_cccmd (override)
14600 tools_other (override)
14602 init_dist (override)
14612 dynamic_lib (override)
14614 static_lib (override)
14618 zipfile_target, tarfile_target, shdist_target
14622 perldepend (override)
14624 makeaperl (override)
14626 nicetext (override)
14628 prefixify (override)
14656 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VOS - VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
14666 =item Overridden methods
14680 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
14681 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
14693 =item Overridden methods
14699 replace_manpage_separator
14707 init_platform, platform_constants
14733 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
14743 =item Overriden methods
14765 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
14775 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
14785 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
14787 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
14795 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
14799 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
14801 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
14803 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
14805 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
14807 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
14808 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
14809 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN,
14810 FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB,
14811 INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
14812 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB,
14813 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH,
14814 INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR,
14815 INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
14816 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS,
14817 LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
14818 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT,
14819 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
14820 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW,
14821 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
14822 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
14823 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SIGN, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST,
14824 VERSION, VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
14826 =item Additional lowercase attributes
14828 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean,
14829 test, tool_autosplit
14831 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
14833 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
14835 C<< MAN3PODS => ' ' >>
14837 =item Hintsfile support
14839 =item Distribution Support
14841 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
14842 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
14843 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
14845 =item Module Meta-Data
14847 =item Disabling an extension
14849 =item Other Handy Functions
14857 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT, PERL_CORE
14867 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config - Wrapper around Config.pm
14877 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About
14886 =item Module Installation
14888 How do I keep from installing man pages?, How do I use a module without
14891 =item Philosophy and History
14893 Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What is
14894 Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no
14895 shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft
14897 =item Module Writing
14899 How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's
14900 this F<META.yml> thing and how did it get in my F<MANIFEST>?!
14904 How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter
14905 Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same
14918 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker
14932 Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP,
14941 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version-agnostic bytes.pm
14951 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
14961 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
14999 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
15003 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
15011 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
15012 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
15016 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
15024 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
15036 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
15046 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
15055 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
15063 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
15075 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
15083 =head2 ExtUtils::ParseXS - converts Perl XS code into C code
15093 process_xs(), B<C++>, B<hiertype>, B<except>, B<typemap>, B<prototypes>,
15094 B<versioncheck>, B<linenumbers>, B<optimize>, B<inout>, B<argtypes>, B<s>,
15105 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
15115 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
15127 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
15137 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
15141 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
15149 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
15153 C<basename>, C<dirname>
15157 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
15171 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
15185 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
15195 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
15197 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
15209 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
15219 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
15231 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
15239 B<find>, B<finddepth>
15245 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
15246 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
15247 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
15249 =item The wanted function
15251 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
15252 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
15253 pathname to the file
15261 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
15265 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
15271 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
15281 =item META CHARACTERS
15285 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
15286 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
15287 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
15293 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
15303 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
15317 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
15327 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
15328 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
15329 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
15339 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
15351 file_name_is_absolute
15361 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
15383 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
15403 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
15431 file_name_is_absolute
15455 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
15469 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
15502 file_name_is_absolute
15526 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
15542 =item Methods always loaded
15544 canonpath (override)
15562 case_tolerant (override)
15566 file_name_is_absolute (override)
15568 splitpath (override)
15570 splitdir (override)
15586 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
15612 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
15624 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
15638 =item OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE
15646 B<unlink_on_destroy>
15662 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
15676 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
15686 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
15694 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
15708 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
15710 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
15716 B<$KEEP_ALL>, B<$DEBUG>
15724 =item Temporary files and NFS
15740 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
15756 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
15764 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
15772 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
15780 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
15786 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
15800 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
15802 =item All-in-one interface
15804 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
15806 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
15809 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
15811 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
15812 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
15813 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
15815 described in the previous section.
15817 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
15819 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
15831 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
15841 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
15845 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
15847 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
15855 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
15857 =item Example 2: Using the context
15859 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
15861 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
15865 =item Filter::Simple
15873 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
15881 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
15893 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
15909 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
15917 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
15919 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
15923 =item Simple options
15925 =item A little bit less simple options
15927 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
15929 =item Options with values
15931 =item Options with multiple values
15933 =item Options with hash values
15935 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
15937 =item Options with multiple names
15939 =item Case and abbreviations
15941 =item Summary of Option Specifications
15943 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
15948 =item Advanced Possibilities
15952 =item Object oriented interface
15954 =item Thread Safety
15956 =item Documentation and help texts
15958 =item Storing options in a hash
15962 =item The lonesome dash
15964 =item Argument callback
15968 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
15970 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
15971 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
15972 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
15973 (default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help
15974 (default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
15975 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
15977 =item Exportable Methods
15979 VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage
15981 =item Return values and Errors
15987 =item Default destinations
15989 =item Alternative option starters
15991 =item Configuration variables
15995 =item Trouble Shooting
15999 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
16002 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
16004 =item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called
16006 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
16012 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
16016 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt, getopts - Process single-character switches
16017 with switch clustering
16025 =item C<--help> and C<--version>
16029 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
16039 =item Restricted hashes
16041 lock_keys, unlock_keys
16047 lock_value, unlock_value
16049 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
16063 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
16074 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
16085 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
16087 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
16089 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
16091 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
16093 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
16095 the function super_languages($lang1)
16097 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
16099 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
16101 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
16103 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
16105 the function implicate_supers( ...languages... ), the function
16106 implicate_supers_strictly( ...languages... )
16110 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
16112 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
16122 =head2 I18N::LangTags::Detect - detect the user's language preferences
16142 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
16150 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
16152 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
16154 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} :
16155 Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} :
16156 Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian,
16157 {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)],
16158 {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic,
16159 {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy}
16160 : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} :
16161 Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} :
16162 Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae}
16163 : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} :
16164 Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai}
16165 : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} :
16166 Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} :
16167 Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber
16168 (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini,
16169 {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} :
16170 Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} :
16171 Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian
16172 (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central
16173 American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages],
16174 {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb}
16175 : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} :
16176 Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} :
16177 Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree,
16178 {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf}
16179 : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based
16180 Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} :
16181 Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} :
16182 Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru)
16183 Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri,
16184 {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch,
16185 {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi}
16186 : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} :
16187 English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
16188 (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} :
16189 Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat}
16190 : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} :
16191 Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French
16192 (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} :
16193 Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan,
16194 {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian,
16195 {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High
16196 German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon}
16197 : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient
16198 Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} :
16199 Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
16200 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
16201 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
16202 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo,
16203 {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European
16204 (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua
16205 (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} :
16206 Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} :
16207 Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian
16208 languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} :
16209 Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle,
16210 {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
16211 Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar}
16212 : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh,
16213 {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese,
16214 {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz,
16215 {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} :
16216 Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama,
16217 {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} :
16218 Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} :
16219 Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} :
16220 Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban
16221 (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui}
16222 : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai,
16223 {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili,
16224 {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} :
16225 Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} :
16226 Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} :
16227 Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai,
16228 [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} :
16229 Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} :
16230 Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)],
16231 {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple
16232 languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan,
16233 {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele,
16234 {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
16235 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
16236 {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} :
16237 Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} :
16238 Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi}
16239 : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} :
16240 Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
16241 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
16242 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
16243 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
16244 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
16245 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
16246 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
16247 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
16248 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
16249 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
16250 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} :
16251 Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami,
16252 [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} :
16253 Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak,
16254 {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian,
16255 {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign
16256 Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} :
16257 Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave
16258 (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian,
16259 {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} :
16260 Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} :
16261 South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} :
16262 Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati,
16263 {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} :
16264 Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao,
16265 {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} :
16266 Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} :
16267 Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau,
16268 {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian,
16269 {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} :
16270 Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh}
16271 : Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} :
16272 Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian,
16273 {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} :
16274 Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak}
16275 : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was}
16276 : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private
16277 Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} :
16278 Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd}
16279 : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu,
16284 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
16290 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
16308 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16312 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
16324 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
16332 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
16333 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
16343 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
16353 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
16357 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), binmode(
16368 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
16378 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
16382 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
16383 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
16384 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
16385 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
16397 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
16407 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
16411 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
16421 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
16431 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
16432 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
16442 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
16450 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
16451 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
16460 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
16470 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
16474 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
16475 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
16476 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
16486 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
16500 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
16501 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
16511 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
16527 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
16540 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
16554 hostpath(), peerpath()
16564 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
16573 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
16574 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
16584 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
16594 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
16598 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), binmode(
16609 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
16620 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
16624 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
16625 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
16626 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
16627 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
16639 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
16649 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
16653 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
16663 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
16673 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
16674 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
16684 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
16693 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
16694 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
16703 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
16714 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
16718 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
16719 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
16720 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
16730 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
16745 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
16746 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
16756 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
16757 AF_INET domain sockets
16773 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
16786 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
16787 AF_UNIX domain sockets
16801 hostpath(), peerpath()
16811 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
16821 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
16822 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
16833 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
16847 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
16860 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
16870 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
16871 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
16872 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
16883 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
16901 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
16911 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
16912 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
16923 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
16934 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
16935 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
16936 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
16947 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
16955 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
16956 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
16960 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
16966 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
16967 general-utility list subroutines
16975 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
16976 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
16980 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
16986 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
16987 general-utility scalar subroutines
16995 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
16996 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
16997 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
17007 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
17015 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
17019 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
17027 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
17035 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
17037 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
17039 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
17040 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
17042 =item QUERY ROUTINES
17044 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
17046 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
17052 =item rename_country
17060 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
17064 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
17065 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
17066 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
17067 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
17075 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
17076 identification (ISO 4217)
17086 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
17088 code2currency(), currency2code()
17090 =item QUERY ROUTINES
17092 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
17096 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
17100 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
17101 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
17109 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
17118 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
17120 code2language(), language2code()
17122 =item QUERY ROUTINES
17124 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
17128 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
17132 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
17133 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
17141 =head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization
17149 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
17155 =item Construction Methods
17157 =item The "maketext" Method
17159 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
17161 =item Utility Methods
17163 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
17164 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
17165 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
17166 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
17168 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
17172 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
17174 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
17176 =item BRACKET NOTATION
17178 =item AUTO LEXICONS
17180 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
17182 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
17186 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
17192 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
17200 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
17204 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
17206 =item The Linguistic View
17208 =item Breaking gettext
17210 =item Replacing gettext
17212 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
17214 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
17216 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
17218 =item Buzzword: Concision
17220 =item The Devil in the Details
17222 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
17230 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
17238 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
17242 =item SPECIAL CODES
17246 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
17248 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
17249 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
17251 =item QUERY ROUTINES
17253 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
17257 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
17261 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
17262 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
17270 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
17278 encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str)
17282 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
17292 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
17293 of quoted-printable strings
17301 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), encode_qp($str, $eol, $binmode),
17310 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
17319 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), encode_qp($str, $eol, $binmode),
17328 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
17338 =item Canonical notation
17342 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
17344 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
17348 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
17349 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
17363 =item Autocreating constants
17369 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
17377 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow, precision() vs. accuracy()
17387 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer/float math package
17419 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
17421 =item is_pos()/is_neg()
17423 $x->is_pos(); # true if > 0
17424 $x->is_neg(); # true if < 0
17426 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
17512 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
17522 =item Rounding mode R
17524 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
17525 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
17526 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
17531 =item Infinity and Not a Number
17533 oct()/hex(), log(-inf), exp(), cos(), sin(), atan2()
17543 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
17551 =item Autocreating constants
17557 =item Alternative math libraries
17563 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
17571 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
17577 broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior
17582 bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling,
17583 Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types,
17594 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
17606 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
17610 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
17612 the same terms as Perl itself.
17620 =head2 Math::BigInt::CalcEmu - Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
17642 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
17644 the same terms as Perl itself.
17652 =head2 Math::BigInt::FastCalc - Math::BigInt::Calc with some XS for more
17667 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
17669 the same terms as Perl itself.
17677 =head2 Math::BigRat - Arbitrary big rational numbers
17699 =item denominator()
17701 $d = $x->denominator();
17715 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
17749 inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented
17750 except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer, bmod(),
17751 blog(), bmodinv() and bmodpow() (partial)
17761 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
17774 =item STRINGIFICATION
17778 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
17784 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
17786 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
17794 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
17802 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
17808 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
17810 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
17814 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
17816 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
17820 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
17822 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
17824 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
17825 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
17829 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
17835 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
17845 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
17863 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
17865 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
17869 =item OTHER FACILITIES
17875 =item C<flush_cache>
17881 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
17883 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
17891 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17897 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
17906 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
17917 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
17929 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
17937 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
17945 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
17954 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
17963 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
17971 =head2 Module::CoreList - what modules shipped with versions of perl
17991 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
17999 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
18005 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
18009 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
18013 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
18024 =item Enforcing redispatch
18026 =item Avoiding repetitions
18028 =item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call
18030 =item Using C<EVERY> methods
18036 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
18042 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
18052 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
18055 =item CLASS METHODS
18057 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
18058 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
18059 ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
18069 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
18079 requires_firewall HOST
18081 =item NetConfig VALUES
18083 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
18084 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
18085 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
18089 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
18098 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
18106 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
18118 new ([ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
18122 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
18123 site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
18124 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [,
18125 RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), alloc ( SIZE [, RECORD_SIZE] ), ls (
18126 [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ),
18127 put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE
18128 ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ),
18129 size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[
18130 BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ),
18131 stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (),
18132 pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique (
18133 SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ),
18138 =item Methods for the adventurous
18144 =item THE dataconn CLASS
18146 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
18147 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
18149 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
18151 B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
18153 =item REPORTING BUGS
18161 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/
18169 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
18179 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
18183 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
18184 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
18185 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
18186 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
18187 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
18188 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
18189 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
18193 =item Extension methods
18195 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
18196 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
18197 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
18198 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
18207 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
18217 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
18227 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] 0
18231 auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER
18232 [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), banner (), capa (), capabilities
18233 (), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [, FH ]
18234 ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ]
18235 ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
18247 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
18259 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos
18260 ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );,
18261 $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );,
18262 $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack(
18263 [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host
18280 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
18292 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] )
18296 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), host (), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth (
18297 USERNAME, PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ),
18298 send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient (
18299 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS, [...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]]
18300 ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ),
18301 data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [
18302 $subject ] ), quit ()
18314 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
18322 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
18323 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
18331 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
18348 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
18356 =item Where to get this document
18358 =item How to contribute to this document
18362 =item Author and Copyright Information
18370 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
18374 =item What is libnet ?
18376 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
18378 =item What other modules do I need ?
18380 =item What machines support libnet ?
18382 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
18386 =item Using Net::FTP
18390 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
18392 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
18394 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
18396 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
18399 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
18401 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
18403 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
18405 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
18407 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
18409 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
18412 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
18414 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
18417 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
18420 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
18424 =item Using Net::SMTP
18428 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
18431 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
18433 =item The verify method always returns true ?
18437 =item Debugging scripts
18441 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
18445 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
18449 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
18466 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
18481 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
18498 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
18506 =item THE .netrc FILE
18508 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
18513 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
18517 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
18527 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
18537 =item IMPLEMENTATION
18545 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
18553 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
18559 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
18563 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
18567 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
18579 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
18581 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
18582 or optag, an operator set (opset)
18584 =item Opcode Functions
18586 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
18587 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
18588 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
18591 =item Manipulating Opsets
18593 =item TO DO (maybe)
18599 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
18601 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
18602 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
18603 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
18612 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
18621 a new namespace, an operator mask
18627 =item RECENT CHANGES
18629 =item Methods in class Safe
18631 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
18632 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
18633 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
18634 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
18636 =item Some Safety Issues
18638 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
18646 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
18659 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
18673 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
18674 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
18675 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
18676 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
18677 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
18678 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
18679 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
18680 fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
18681 geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid,
18682 getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha,
18683 isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace,
18684 isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime,
18685 log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
18686 memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice,
18687 offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
18688 putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
18689 rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
18690 setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
18691 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
18692 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
18693 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
18694 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
18695 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
18696 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
18697 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
18704 =item POSIX::SigAction
18706 new, handler, mask, flags, safe
18708 =item POSIX::SigSet
18710 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
18712 =item POSIX::Termios
18714 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
18715 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
18716 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
18717 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
18718 values, c_oflag field values
18722 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
18726 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
18730 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
18784 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
18785 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
18789 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
18798 :unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :mmap, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop, :win32
18802 =item Custom Layers
18806 =item Alternatives to raw
18808 =item Defaults and how to override them
18810 =item Querying the layers of filehandles
18820 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
18832 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO
18840 =item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE
18844 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
18852 =item EXPECTED METHODS
18854 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
18855 $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]),
18856 $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]),
18857 $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh),
18858 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
18859 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
18860 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
18861 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
18867 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
18873 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
18881 =item REQUIRED MODULES
18885 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
18891 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
18897 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
18903 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
18915 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
18916 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
18917 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
18918 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
18919 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
18920 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
18921 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
18922 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
18927 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
18928 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
18929 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
18930 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
18931 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
18932 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI<n> without preceding higher
18937 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
18938 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
18950 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
18952 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
18955 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
18957 C<$checker-E<gt>num_warnings()>
18959 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
18961 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
18963 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
18965 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
18973 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
18985 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
18987 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
18994 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
19000 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
19002 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
19009 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
19021 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
19031 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, hiddendirs, htmldir,
19032 htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot,
19033 quiet, recurse, title, verbose
19047 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
19060 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
19061 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
19067 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
19091 =item B<was_cutting()>
19097 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
19103 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
19109 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
19115 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
19121 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
19127 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
19133 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
19139 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
19145 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
19151 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
19157 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
19163 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
19169 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
19175 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
19181 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
19187 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
19193 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
19199 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
19205 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
19211 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
19217 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
19223 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
19229 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
19235 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
19241 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
19247 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
19253 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
19259 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
19265 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
19277 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
19289 =item OBJECT METHODS
19297 =item Data Accessors
19313 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
19315 B<StartWithNewPage>
19329 =item Subclassed methods
19343 B<interior_sequence>
19359 =item Methods for headings
19367 =item Internal methods
19373 B<_replace_special_chars>
19375 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
19381 B<_clean_latex_commands>
19383 B<_split_delimited>
19399 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
19407 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
19412 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
19413 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
19414 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
19425 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19429 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
19441 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19445 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
19459 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
19467 $list-E<gt>indent()
19475 $list-E<gt>parent()
19481 =item Pod::Hyperlink
19483 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
19487 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
19489 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
19493 $link-E<gt>warning()
19495 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
19501 $link-E<gt>alttext()
19511 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
19517 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
19521 =item Pod::Cache::Item
19523 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
19527 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
19529 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
19531 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
19533 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
19535 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
19537 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
19539 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
19549 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
19561 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
19563 =item PARSING OPTIONS
19565 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
19566 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
19572 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
19580 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
19586 =item B<verbatim()>
19588 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
19594 =item B<textblock()>
19596 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
19602 =item B<interior_sequence()>
19608 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
19620 =item B<initialize()>
19626 =item B<begin_pod()>
19632 =item B<begin_input()>
19638 =item B<end_input()>
19650 =item B<preprocess_line()>
19656 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
19662 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
19668 =item B<parse_text()>
19670 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
19671 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
19672 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
19678 =item B<interpolate()>
19684 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
19690 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
19696 =item B<parse_from_file()>
19702 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
19708 =item B<errorsub()>
19720 =item B<parseopts()>
19726 =item B<output_file()>
19732 =item B<output_handle()>
19738 =item B<input_file()>
19744 =item B<input_handle()>
19750 =item B<input_streams()>
19756 =item B<top_stream()>
19762 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
19768 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
19774 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
19780 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
19788 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors
19798 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19804 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
19816 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19822 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
19834 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19840 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
19850 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19856 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
19866 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19872 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
19884 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19890 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
19904 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML
19914 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19920 =head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
19928 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
19932 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
19933 Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
19945 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
19965 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
19978 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
19980 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
19986 =item OBJECT METHODS
19992 =item B<curr_headings()>
20004 =item B<add_selection()>
20010 =item B<clear_selections()>
20016 =item B<match_section()>
20022 =item B<is_selected()>
20028 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
20034 =item B<podselect()>
20036 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
20042 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
20048 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
20054 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
20060 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
20072 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
20080 alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width
20084 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
20085 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
20086 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
20097 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
20101 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
20115 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
20119 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
20134 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
20138 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
20153 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
20157 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
20166 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-section>, C<-output>,
20167 C<-input>, C<-pathlist>
20175 =item Recommended Use
20183 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
20187 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
20195 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
20201 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
20205 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
20209 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
20217 a new namespace, an operator mask
20223 =item RECENT CHANGES
20225 =item Methods in class Safe
20227 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
20228 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
20229 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
20230 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
20232 =item Some Safety Issues
20234 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
20242 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
20250 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
20251 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
20252 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
20262 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
20272 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
20282 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
20292 =item The __DATA__ token
20294 =item SelfLoader autoloading
20296 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
20298 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
20300 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
20302 =item Classes and inherited methods.
20306 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
20310 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
20322 =item Escaping Magic Characters
20324 =item Configuration
20334 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
20335 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
20343 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
20344 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
20345 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
20346 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
20347 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
20351 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
20361 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
20365 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
20367 =item CODE REFERENCES
20369 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
20371 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
20373 =item ERROR REPORTING
20381 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
20382 I<serialized>, .., C<STORABLE_attach> I<class>, I<cloning>, I<serialized>
20386 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
20387 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
20395 =item Storable magic
20405 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
20417 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
20431 =item Allowing fall-through
20433 =item Automating fall-through
20435 =item Alternative syntax
20437 =item Higher-order Operations
20453 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
20465 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
20477 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
20478 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
20486 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
20487 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
20488 in 5.004_02), closelog
20498 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
20499 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
20507 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
20508 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
20509 in 5.004_02), closelog
20519 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
20529 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
20530 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
20531 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
20535 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
20545 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
20549 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
20565 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
20567 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
20569 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
20571 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
20579 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
20587 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
20595 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
20605 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
20606 If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
20614 =item Minimal set of supported functions
20616 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, C<OUT>, C<MinLine>,
20617 C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
20619 =item Additional supported functions
20621 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
20631 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
20639 =item QUICK START GUIDE
20645 C<plan(...)>, C<tests =E<gt> I<number>>, C<todo =E<gt> [I<1,5,14>]>,
20646 C<onfail =E<gt> sub { ... }>, C<onfail =E<gt> \&some_sub>
20656 C<skip(I<skip_if_true>, I<args...>)>
20662 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
20666 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
20678 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
20702 =item Setting up tests
20720 =item Running tests
20726 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
20728 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
20754 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
20768 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
20772 =item Test Status and Info
20808 =head2 Test::Harness - Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
20826 =item Configuration variables.
20828 C<$Test::Harness::Verbose>, C<$Test::Harness::switches>
20832 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
20859 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
20860 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
20861 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
20862 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
20864 =item ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES THAT TEST::HARNESS SETS
20866 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_VERSION>
20868 =item ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES THAT AFFECT TEST::HARNESS
20870 C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>, C<HARNESS_DEBUG>,
20871 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
20872 C<HARNESS_PERL>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
20888 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
20914 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
20932 =head2 Test::Harness::Point - object for tracking a single test point
20950 =item from_test_line( $line )
20962 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
20982 =item $strap->_init
20992 =item $strap->analyze( $name, \@output_lines )
21000 =item $strap->analyze_fh( $name, $test_filehandle )
21006 =item $strap->analyze_file( $test_file )
21012 =item $strap->_command_line( $file )
21018 =item $strap->_command()
21024 =item $strap->_switches( $file )
21030 =item $strap->_cleaned_switches( @switches_from_user )
21036 =item $strap->_INC2PERL5LIB
21042 =item $strap->_filtered_INC()
21048 =item $strap->_restore_PERL5LIB()
21058 =item C<_is_diagnostic>
21066 =item C<_is_header>
21072 =item C<_is_bail_out>
21078 =item C<_reset_file_state>
21094 =head2 Test::Harness::TAP - Documentation for the TAP format
21102 =item THE TAP FORMAT
21104 =item HARNESS BEHAVIOR
21106 =item TESTS LINES AND THE PLAN
21112 =item The test line
21114 C<ok> or C<not ok>, Test number, Description, Directive, ok/not ok
21115 (required), Test number (recommended), Description (recommended), Directive
21116 (only when necessary)
21126 =item Skipping tests
21138 =item Anything else
21146 =item Common with explanation
21148 =item Unknown amount and failures
21152 =item Skipping a few
21154 =item Skipping everything
21156 =item Got spare tuits?
21158 =item Creative liberties
21164 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
21170 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
21180 =item I love it when a plan comes together
21190 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
21230 =item Conditional tests
21236 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
21238 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
21242 =item Complex data structures
21250 =item Discouraged comparison functions
21262 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
21272 =item CAVEATS and NOTES
21274 Backwards compatibility, Overloaded objects, Threads, Test::Harness upgrade
21288 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
21312 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
21321 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
21329 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
21331 =item Where to start?
21335 =item Test the manual
21337 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
21339 =item Testing lots of values
21341 =item Informative names
21343 =item Skipping tests
21347 =item Testing with taint mode.
21359 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
21371 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
21381 =item General behaviour in list contexts
21385 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
21387 =item A note about prefixes
21389 =item C<extract_delimited>
21391 =item C<extract_bracketed>
21393 =item C<extract_variable>
21397 =item C<extract_tagged>
21399 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
21400 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
21402 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
21404 =item C<extract_quotelike>
21406 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
21408 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
21410 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
21412 =item C<extract_codeblock>
21414 =item C<extract_multiple>
21416 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
21422 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
21423 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
21424 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
21425 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
21426 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
21427 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
21428 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
21429 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
21430 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
21431 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
21432 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
21433 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
21438 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
21444 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
21459 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
21476 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
21491 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
21507 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
21519 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
21520 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
21521 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
21525 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
21533 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
21541 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
21543 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
21549 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
21557 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
21559 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
21563 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
21578 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
21588 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
21596 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
21597 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
21598 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
21599 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
21607 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
21627 =item Option Format
21631 =item Public Methods
21639 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
21645 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
21647 =item Deferred Writing
21651 =item Autodeferring
21655 =item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES
21661 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
21675 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
21684 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
21685 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
21686 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
21687 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
21689 =item MORE INFORMATION
21691 =item COMPATIBILITY
21695 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
21704 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
21705 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR
21708 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
21710 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
21712 =item C<SCALAR>, C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
21714 =item MORE INFORMATION
21718 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
21726 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
21736 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
21754 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
21763 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
21765 =item MORE INFORMATION
21769 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
21781 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
21790 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), nanosleep ( $nanoseconds ), ualarm (
21791 $useconds [, $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep (
21792 $floating_seconds ), alarm ( $floating_seconds [,
21793 $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer ( $which, $floating_seconds [,
21794 $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer ( $which )
21804 =item negative time not invented yet
21806 =item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...)
21814 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
21818 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
21828 =item Ambiguous Local Times (DST)
21830 =item Non-Existent Local Times (DST)
21832 =item Negative Epoch Values
21836 =item IMPLEMENTATION
21846 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
21861 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
21876 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
21888 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
21896 C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<isa( VAL, TYPE )>,
21897 C<TYPE>, C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, C<VAL>, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<<
21898 CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>, C<can( VAL, METHOD )>, C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )>
21904 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
21914 =item Constructor and Tailoring
21916 UCA_Version, alternate, backwards, entry, hangul_terminator, ignoreChar,
21917 ignoreName, katakana_before_hiragana, level, normalization, overrideCJK,
21918 overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefChar, undefName,
21919 upper_before_lower, variable
21921 =item Methods for Collation
21923 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
21924 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
21925 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
21926 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
21927 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
21928 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
21929 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>
21931 =item Methods for Searching
21933 C<$position = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[, $position])>,
21934 C<($position, $length) = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[,
21935 $position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>,
21936 C<($match) = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>, C<@match =
21937 $Collator-E<gt>gmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count =
21938 $Collator-E<gt>subst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count =
21939 $Collator-E<gt>gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>
21941 =item Other Methods
21943 C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-E<gt>change(%new_tailoring)>, C<$version =
21944 $Collator-E<gt>version()>, C<UCA_Version()>, C<Base_Unicode_Version()>
21952 Normalization, Conformance Test
21958 Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Collation
21959 Element Table (DUCET), The conformance test for the UCA, Hangul Syllable
21960 Type, Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15
21964 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
21974 =item Normalization Forms
21976 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
21977 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
21978 C<$FCD_string = FCD($string)>, C<$FCC_string = FCC($string)>,
21979 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
21981 =item Decomposition and Composition
21983 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
21984 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
21985 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
21989 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
21990 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
21991 checkFCD($string)>, C<$result = checkFCC($string)>, C<$result =
21992 check($form_name, $string)>
21994 =item Character Data
21996 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
21997 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
21998 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
21999 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
22000 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
22001 C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
22002 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
22010 Perl's version vs. Unicode version, Correction of decomposition mapping,
22011 Revised definition of canonical composition
22017 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/,
22018 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt,
22019 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/NormalizationCorrections.txt,
22020 http://www.unicode.org/review/pr-29.html, http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5/
22024 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
22066 =item Blocks versus Scripts
22068 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
22070 =item Code Point Arguments
22102 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
22108 =item Implementation Note
22120 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
22135 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
22146 =item System Specifics
22160 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
22170 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
22172 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
22176 =item Order of initialization: early load()
22180 =item The most hairy case
22190 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
22192 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
22193 don't all have manual pages yet:
22227 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles