4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
240 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir
365 DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
366 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
367 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
368 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
369 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
370 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
371 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
372 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
373 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
374 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
375 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
376 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
377 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
378 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
379 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
380 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
381 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
382 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
383 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
384 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
385 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
386 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
387 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
388 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
389 study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr
390 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
391 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
392 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
393 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
394 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
395 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
396 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
397 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
398 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
399 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
400 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
401 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
402 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
403 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
409 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
415 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
423 =item Making References
425 =item Using References
443 =item Distribution Conditions
449 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
455 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
456 more elaborate constructs
460 =item COMMON MISTAKES
462 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
464 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
470 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
474 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
476 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
478 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
482 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
486 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
488 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
490 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
494 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
498 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
500 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
502 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
506 =item HASHES OF HASHES
510 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
512 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
514 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
518 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
522 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
524 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
526 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
538 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
548 =item Simple word matching
550 =item Using character classes
552 =item Matching this or that
554 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
556 =item Extracting matches
558 =item Matching repetitions
562 =item Search and replace
564 =item The split operator
572 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
576 =item Acknowledgments
582 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
590 =item Verbatim Paragraph
592 =item Command Paragraph
594 =item Ordinary Block of Text
598 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
600 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
610 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
618 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
636 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
638 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
639 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
640 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
641 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
643 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
645 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
646 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
647 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
651 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
653 =item Numerical Traps
655 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
657 =item General data type traps
659 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
660 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
662 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
664 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
666 =item Precedence Traps
668 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
671 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
673 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
674 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
677 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
679 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
685 =item Interpolation Traps
687 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
694 =item Unclassified Traps
696 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
703 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
713 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
715 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
717 =item Location of Perl
719 =item Command Switches
721 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
722 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
723 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
724 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
725 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
726 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
733 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
734 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
735 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
739 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
747 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
755 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
757 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
759 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
763 =item Backward Compatibility
765 =item Category Hierarchy
769 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
781 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
789 =item Looking at data and -w and w
793 =item Stepping through code
795 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
797 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
815 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
821 =item The Perl Debugger
825 =item Debugger Commands
827 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
828 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
829 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
830 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
831 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
832 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
833 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
834 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
835 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
837 =item Configurable Options
839 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
840 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
841 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
842 C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
843 C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
844 C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
846 =item Debugger input/output
848 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
851 =item Debugging compile-time statements
853 =item Debugger Customization
855 =item Readline Support
857 =item Editor Support for Debugging
859 =item The Perl Profiler
863 =item Debugging regular expressions
865 =item Debugging memory usage
873 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
881 =item Predefined Names
883 $ARG, $_, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
884 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
885 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
886 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
887 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
888 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
889 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
890 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
891 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
892 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
893 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
894 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
895 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
896 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
897 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
898 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
899 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
900 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
901 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
902 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
903 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
904 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
905 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
906 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
907 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
908 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
909 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
910 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC,
911 %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
913 =item Error Indicators
915 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
923 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
931 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
933 =item Growing Your Own
935 =item Access and Printing
947 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
953 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
963 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
969 =item Open E<agrave> la C
973 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
977 =item Obscure Open Tricks
981 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
983 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
987 =item Single Argument Open
989 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
993 =item Other I/O Issues
997 =item Opening Non-File Files
1007 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1013 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1019 =item Part 1: The basics
1023 =item Simple word matching
1025 =item Using character classes
1027 =item Matching this or that
1029 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1031 =item Extracting matches
1033 =item Matching repetitions
1035 =item Building a regexp
1037 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1041 =item Part 2: Power tools
1045 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1047 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1049 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1051 =item Non-capturing groupings
1053 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1055 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1057 =item Conditional expressions
1059 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1061 =item Pragmas and debugging
1069 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1073 =item Acknowledgments
1079 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1089 =item Regular Expressions
1091 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1093 =item Extended Patterns
1095 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1096 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1097 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1098 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1102 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1104 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1106 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1108 =item Combining pieces together
1110 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1111 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1112 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1113 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1115 =item Creating custom RE engines
1125 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1135 =item Making References
1137 =item Using References
1139 =item Symbolic references
1141 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1143 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1145 =item Function Templates
1155 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1163 =item Format Variables
1173 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1181 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1189 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1191 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1193 =item Invoking a barnyard
1195 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1197 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1199 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1201 =item A few notes about @ISA
1203 =item Overriding the methods
1205 =item Starting the search from a different place
1207 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1209 =item Where we're at so far...
1211 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1213 =item Invoking an instance method
1215 =item Accessing the instance data
1217 =item How to build a horse
1219 =item Inheriting the constructor
1221 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1223 =item Adding parameters to a method
1225 =item More interesting instances
1227 =item A horse of a different color
1239 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1245 =item Creating a Class
1249 =item Object Representation
1251 =item Class Interface
1253 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1255 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1259 =item Other Object Methods
1267 =item Accessing Class Data
1269 =item Debugging Methods
1271 =item Class Destructors
1273 =item Documenting the Interface
1283 =item Overridden Methods
1285 =item Multiple Inheritance
1287 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1291 =item Alternate Object Representations
1295 =item Arrays as Objects
1297 =item Closures as Objects
1301 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1305 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1307 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1311 =item Metaclassical Tools
1317 =item Data Members as Variables
1325 =item Object Terminology
1331 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1337 =item Acknowledgments
1343 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1349 =item Class Data in a Can
1351 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1355 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1357 =item Inheritance Concerns
1359 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1361 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1363 =item Monadic Classes
1365 =item Translucent Attributes
1369 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1373 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1375 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1377 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1379 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1381 =item Translucency Revisited
1389 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1391 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1397 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1405 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1407 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1409 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1411 =item Method Invocation
1415 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1417 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1423 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1431 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1437 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1439 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1441 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1443 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1445 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1447 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1449 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1451 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1453 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1455 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1461 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1473 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1478 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1479 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1480 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1481 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1486 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1487 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1488 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1490 =item Tying FileHandles
1492 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1493 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1498 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1510 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1511 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1527 =item Using open() for IPC
1533 =item Background Processes
1535 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1537 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1539 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1541 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1545 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1549 =item Internet Line Terminators
1551 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1553 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1557 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1561 =item A Simple Client
1563 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1565 =item A Webget Client
1567 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1571 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1573 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1575 =item UDP: Message Passing
1589 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1599 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1601 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1602 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1603 files, directories and network sockets
1605 =item Resource limits
1607 =item Killing the parent process
1609 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1611 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1613 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1614 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1615 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1627 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1635 =item Storing numbers
1637 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1639 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1641 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1642 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1643 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1652 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1658 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1660 =item Threaded Program Models
1672 =item Native threads
1674 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1676 =item Threadsafe Modules
1682 =item Basic Thread Support
1684 =item Creating Threads
1686 =item Giving up control
1688 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1690 =item Errors In Threads
1692 =item Ignoring A Thread
1696 =item Threads And Data
1700 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1702 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1704 =item Controlling access: lock()
1706 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1708 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1712 =item Threads And Code
1716 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1718 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1720 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1722 =item Subroutine Locks
1726 =item Locking A Subroutine
1730 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1734 =item What Thread Am I In?
1738 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1740 =item What Threads Are Running?
1744 =item A Complete Example
1752 =item Introductory Texts
1754 =item OS-Related References
1756 =item Other References
1760 =item Acknowledgements
1768 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1774 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1783 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1785 =item Files and Filesystems
1787 =item System Interaction
1789 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1791 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1793 =item Standard Modules
1797 =item Character sets and character encoding
1799 =item Internationalisation
1801 =item System Resources
1811 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1812 http://testers.cpan.org/
1820 =item DOS and Derivatives
1828 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1836 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1840 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1842 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1843 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1844 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1845 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1846 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1847 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1848 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1849 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1850 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1851 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1852 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
1853 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
1854 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
1855 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
1856 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
1857 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1858 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1859 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1860 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1861 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair
1862 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat,
1863 symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1864 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1865 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1866 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1872 v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999,
1873 v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May
1874 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December
1875 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August
1876 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998,
1879 =item Supported Platforms
1883 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1889 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1896 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1902 =item The use locale pragma
1904 =item The setlocale function
1906 =item Finding locales
1908 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1910 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1912 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1914 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1916 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1918 =item The localeconv function
1922 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1926 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1928 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1930 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1932 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1936 =item Other categories
1944 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1945 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1951 =item Backward compatibility
1953 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1955 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1957 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1959 =item Freely available locale definitions
1963 =item An imperfect standard
1971 =item Broken systems
1981 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
1989 =item Important Caveat
1991 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
1992 to enable a few features
1994 =item Byte and Character semantics
1996 =item Effects of character semantics
1998 =item Character encodings for input and output
2008 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2014 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2022 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2026 =item 13 variant characters
2036 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2038 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4
2040 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2054 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2056 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2058 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2060 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2068 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2070 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2072 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2074 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2078 =item TRANFORMATION FORMATS
2082 =item URL decoding and encoding
2084 =item uu encoding and decoding
2086 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2088 =item Caesarian cyphers
2092 =item Hashing order and checksums
2096 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2108 chcp, dataset access, OS/390 iconv, locales
2126 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2134 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2136 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2138 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2142 =item Protecting Your Programs
2150 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2162 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2174 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2180 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2184 =item Pragmatic Modules
2186 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2187 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2188 perlio, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings, warnings::register
2190 =item Standard Modules
2192 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
2193 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
2194 B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark,
2195 ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast,
2196 CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox,
2197 Carp, Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle,
2198 Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2199 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed,
2200 ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
2201 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2202 ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
2203 ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl,
2204 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob,
2205 File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc,
2206 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2207 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
2208 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
2209 I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2210 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent,
2211 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find,
2212 Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils,
2213 Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2214 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver,
2215 SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
2216 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev,
2217 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
2218 Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
2219 Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent,
2222 =item Extension Modules
2228 Africa, Asia, Australasia, Central America, Europe, North America, South
2231 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2235 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2237 Do similar modules already exist in some form?, Try to design the new
2238 module to be easy to extend and reuse, Some simple style guidelines, Select
2239 what to export, Select a name for the module, Have you got it right?,
2240 README and other Additional Files, A description of the
2241 module/package/extension etc, A copyright notice - see below, Prerequisites
2242 - what else you may need to have, How to build it - possible changes to
2243 Makefile.PL etc, How to install it, Recent changes in this release,
2244 especially incompatibilities, Changes / enhancements you plan to make in
2245 the future, Adding a Copyright Notice, Give the module a
2246 version/issue/release number, How to release and distribute a module, Take
2247 care when changing a released module
2249 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2251 There is no requirement to convert anything, Consider the implications,
2252 Make the most of the opportunity, The pl2pm utility will get you started,
2253 Adds the standard Module prologue lines, Converts package specifiers from '
2254 to ::, Converts die(...) to croak(...), Several other minor changes
2256 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2264 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2274 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2275 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2289 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2299 =item What should I make into a module?
2301 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2303 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2305 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2307 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2308 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2309 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2311 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2313 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2314 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2324 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2325 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2335 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2337 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2339 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2341 =item What is perl6?
2343 =item How stable is Perl?
2345 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2347 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2350 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2352 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2354 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2356 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2358 =item What is a JAPH?
2360 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2362 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2363 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2367 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2371 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2372 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2380 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2382 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2384 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2386 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2389 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2390 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2392 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2393 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2395 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2397 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2399 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2401 =item Where should I post source code?
2405 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2407 =item Perl in Magazines
2409 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2411 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2413 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2415 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2417 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2419 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2423 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2427 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2436 =item How do I do (anything)?
2438 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2440 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2442 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2444 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2446 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2448 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2450 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2452 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2454 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2456 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2458 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2460 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2462 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2464 =item What is undump?
2466 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2468 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2470 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2472 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2474 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2476 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2478 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2480 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2482 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2484 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2486 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2488 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2490 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2492 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2494 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2495 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2497 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2500 =item What's MakeMaker?
2504 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2508 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2519 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2520 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2522 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2524 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2527 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2529 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2531 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2533 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2535 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2537 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2545 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2547 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2549 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2551 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2553 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2555 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2557 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2565 =item How do I validate input?
2567 =item How do I unescape a string?
2569 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2571 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2573 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2575 =item How do I reverse a string?
2577 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2579 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2581 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2583 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2585 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2588 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2590 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2591 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2593 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2595 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2597 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2599 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2601 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2603 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2605 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2607 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2608 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2617 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2619 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2621 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2625 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
2627 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2628 intersection of two arrays?
2630 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2632 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2634 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2636 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2638 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2640 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2642 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2644 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2646 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2648 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2650 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2654 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2658 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2660 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2663 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2665 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2667 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2669 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2671 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2673 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2675 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2677 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2679 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2681 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2683 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2686 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2687 array of hashes or arrays?
2689 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2697 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2699 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2701 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2703 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2705 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2707 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2709 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2713 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2717 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2726 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2728 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2729 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2731 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2733 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2735 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2737 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2738 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2740 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2742 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2744 =item How can I write() into a string?
2746 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2748 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2750 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2752 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2754 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2756 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2758 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2760 =item How can I lock a file?
2762 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2764 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2765 the file. How can I do this?
2767 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2769 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2771 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2773 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2775 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2777 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2779 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2781 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2783 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2785 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2787 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2789 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2790 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2792 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2794 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2795 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2797 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2799 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2803 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2807 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2815 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2816 and unmaintainable code?
2818 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2820 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2822 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2825 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2827 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2830 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2832 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2834 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2836 =item What is C</o> really for?
2838 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2841 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2843 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2845 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2847 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2849 =item How can I do approximate matching?
2851 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
2853 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
2855 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
2857 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
2859 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
2861 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
2863 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
2865 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
2869 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2873 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
2874 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
2882 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
2884 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
2887 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
2890 =item How do I skip some return values?
2892 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
2894 =item What's an extension?
2896 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
2898 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
2900 =item How do I create a module?
2902 =item How do I create a class?
2904 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
2906 =item What's a closure?
2908 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
2910 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
2913 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
2916 =item How do I create a static variable?
2918 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
2919 Between local() and my()?
2921 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
2924 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
2926 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
2928 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
2930 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
2932 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
2934 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
2936 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
2938 =item How can I find out my current package?
2940 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
2942 =item How do I clear a package?
2944 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
2948 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2952 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2961 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
2963 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
2965 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
2967 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
2969 =item How do I print something out in color?
2971 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
2973 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
2975 =item How do I clear the screen?
2977 =item How do I get the screen size?
2979 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
2981 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
2983 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
2985 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
2987 =item How do I start a process in the background?
2989 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
2991 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
2993 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
2995 =item How do I set the time and date?
2997 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
2999 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3001 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3003 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3004 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3006 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3008 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3010 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3012 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3014 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3016 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3018 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3020 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3022 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3024 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3027 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3029 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3031 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3033 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3036 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3037 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3038 changes to be visible?
3042 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3045 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3047 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3049 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3051 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3053 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3055 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3057 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3059 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3061 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3063 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3065 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3067 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3070 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3072 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3076 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3080 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3089 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3092 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3094 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3096 =item How do I extract URLs?
3098 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3099 file on another machine?
3101 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3103 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3105 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3107 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3109 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3111 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3113 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3115 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3116 CGI script to do bad things?
3118 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3120 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3122 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3124 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3126 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3128 =item How do I send mail?
3130 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3132 =item How do I read mail?
3134 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3136 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3138 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3140 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3144 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3148 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3158 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3162 =item Using The Back Ends
3166 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3170 =item The Decompiling Back End
3172 =item The Lint Back End
3174 =item The Simple C Back End
3176 =item The Bytecode Back End
3178 =item The Optimized C Back End
3180 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3181 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3182 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3186 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3192 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3202 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3203 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3207 =item Compiling your C program
3209 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3211 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3213 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3215 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3217 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3219 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3221 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3223 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3228 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3238 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3244 =item Debugger Internals
3248 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3252 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3254 =item Debugging regular expressions
3258 =item Compile-time output
3260 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3261 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3262 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3265 =item Types of nodes
3267 =item Run-time output
3271 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3275 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3277 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3278 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3281 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3283 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3285 =item B<-DL> details
3289 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3297 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3309 =item Version caveat
3311 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3323 =item What has gone on?
3325 =item Writing good test scripts
3329 =item What's new here?
3331 =item Input and Output Parameters
3333 =item The XSUBPP Program
3335 =item The TYPEMAP file
3337 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3341 =item What has happened here?
3343 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3345 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3347 =item More about XSUB arguments
3349 =item The Argument Stack
3351 =item Extending your Extension
3353 =item Documenting your Extension
3355 =item Installing your Extension
3359 =item New Things in this Example
3363 =item New Things in this Example
3365 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3367 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3369 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3371 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3387 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3399 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3401 =item The Argument Stack
3403 =item The RETVAL Variable
3405 =item The MODULE Keyword
3407 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3409 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3411 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3413 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3415 =item The CODE: Keyword
3417 =item The INIT: Keyword
3419 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3421 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3423 =item Default Parameter Values
3425 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3427 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3429 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3431 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3433 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3435 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3437 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3439 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3441 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3443 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3445 =item The POST_CALL: Keyword
3447 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3449 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3451 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3453 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3455 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3457 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3459 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3461 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3463 =item The CASE: Keyword
3465 =item The & Unary Operator
3467 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3469 =item Using XS With C++
3471 =item Interface Strategy
3473 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3487 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3497 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3499 =item File Operations
3501 =item File Input and Output
3503 =item File Positioning
3505 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3507 =item Character Class Tests
3509 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3511 =item Miscellaneous functions
3519 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3531 =item What is an "IV"?
3533 =item Working with SVs
3537 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3539 =item Working with AVs
3541 =item Working with HVs
3543 =item Hash API Extensions
3547 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3549 =item Creating New Variables
3551 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3553 =item Stashes and Globs
3555 =item Double-Typed SVs
3557 =item Magic Variables
3559 =item Assigning Magic
3561 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3565 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3567 =item Localizing changes
3569 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3570 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP
3571 *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char
3572 *key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void
3573 *p)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>,
3574 C<SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV
3575 *gv)>, C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32
3576 maxsarg)>, C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>,
3577 C<void save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3585 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3587 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3589 =item Memory Allocation
3593 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3597 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3607 =item Examining the tree
3609 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3611 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3613 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3615 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3619 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3621 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3625 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3627 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3629 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3633 =item Internal Functions
3635 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, m, o, j, x
3639 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3641 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3643 =item Source Documentation
3647 =item Unicode Support
3651 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3653 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3655 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3657 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3659 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3661 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3671 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3677 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3679 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3681 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3701 =item Determining the Context
3705 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3711 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3713 =item Passing Parameters
3715 =item Returning a Scalar
3717 =item Returning a list of values
3719 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3721 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3725 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3729 =item Using call_argv
3731 =item Using call_method
3735 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3737 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3739 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3740 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3743 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3745 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3757 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3767 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3768 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3769 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3770 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3774 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3778 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3779 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3787 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3797 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3799 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3801 B<Decryption Filters>
3803 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3805 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3807 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3819 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3827 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3828 B<filter_fetch_value>
3834 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3836 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3846 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3852 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
3853 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
3854 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv,
3855 CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS,
3856 dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS,
3857 get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth,
3858 gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY,
3859 G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY,
3860 HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear,
3861 hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
3862 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
3863 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
3864 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
3865 ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free,
3866 mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB,
3867 newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf,
3868 newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto,
3869 Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc,
3870 perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run,
3871 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn,
3872 POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
3873 PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn,
3874 SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE,
3875 strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW,
3876 SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
3877 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp,
3878 SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
3879 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force,
3880 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
3881 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
3882 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV,
3883 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
3884 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
3885 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv,
3886 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec,
3887 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
3888 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy,
3889 sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
3890 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
3891 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
3892 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
3893 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
3894 sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
3895 sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
3896 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER,
3897 utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length,
3898 utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8,
3899 warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY,
3900 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
3901 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES,
3902 XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
3910 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3917 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
3918 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, start_glob
3926 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
3936 =item History and Background
3938 =item Layers vs Disciplines
3940 =item Data Structures
3942 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
3943 data for a particular handle
3945 =item Functions and Attributes
3947 1. Opening and setup functions, 2. Basic IO operations, 3. Stdio class
3948 buffering options, 4. Functions to support Perl's traditional "fast" access
3951 =item Per-instance Data
3953 =item Layers in action.
3955 =item Per-instance flag bits
3957 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
3958 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
3959 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
3960 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
3962 =item Methods in Detail
3964 IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Fdopen)(PerlIO_funcs
3965 *tab, int fd, const char *mode);, PerlIO * (*Open)(PerlIO_funcs *tab,
3966 const char *path, const char *mode);, int (*Reopen)(const char
3967 *path, const char *mode, PerlIO *f);, IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO
3968 *f,const char *mode,const char *arg,STRLEN len);, IV
3969 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t
3970 count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);,
3971 SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV
3972 (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t offset, int whence);, Off_t
3973 (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3974 (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3975 (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void
3976 (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);,
3977 STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);, Size_t
3978 (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
3979 (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR
3984 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
3986 =item Extension Layers
3994 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4002 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4003 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4004 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4005 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4006 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4007 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4008 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4009 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4010 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4011 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4012 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4016 =item Co-existence with stdio
4018 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4019 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4021 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4023 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4024 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4025 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4026 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4028 =item Other Functions
4030 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4031 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4037 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4043 =item Infrastructure
4047 =item Mailing list archives
4049 =item Bug tracking system
4051 =item Regression Tests
4053 Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to
4074 Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs
4078 =item Perl Internals
4084 =item Garbage Collection
4086 =item Reliable signals
4088 Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed
4089 sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN
4091 =item Interpolated regex performance bugs
4093 =item Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp
4095 =item Make XS easier to use
4097 =item Make embedded Perl easier to use
4099 =item Namespace cleanup
4111 =item A clear division into tutorial and reference
4113 =item Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions
4115 =item More tutorials
4117 Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging
4119 =item Include a search tool
4121 =item Include a locate tool
4123 =item Separate function manpages by default
4125 =item Users can't find the manpages
4127 =item Install ALL Documentation
4129 =item Outstanding issues to be documented
4131 =item Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl
4133 =item Replace man with a perl program
4135 =item Unicode tutorial
4143 =item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2
4145 =item Module versions
4153 VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice
4155 =item Procedural options
4159 =item y2k localtime/gmtime
4161 =item Export File::Find variables
4165 =item Debugger attach/detach
4167 =item Regular Expression debugger
4169 =item Alternative RE Syntax
4171 =item Bundled modules
4177 =item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc.
4193 =item POSIX on non-POSIX
4195 =item Portable installations
4203 =item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest
4205 =item Sort out the spawnvp() mess
4207 =item Work out DLL versioning
4213 =item Would be nice to have
4215 C<pack "(stuff)*">, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled
4216 perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format
4217 BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input
4218 should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun
4219 debugger, lvalue functions
4221 =item Possible pragmas
4233 =item constant function cache
4235 =item foreach(reverse...)
4237 =item Cache eval tree
4241 =item Shrink opcode tables
4243 =item Cache hash value
4245 =item Optimize away @_ where possible
4247 =item Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b }
4249 =item Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization
4253 =item Vague possibilities
4255 ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?,
4256 Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real
4257 threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al
4259 =item To Do Or Not To Do
4263 =item Making my() work on "package" variables
4265 =item "or" testing defined not truth
4267 =item "dynamic" lexicals
4269 =item "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals"
4285 =item External threads
4291 =item Per-thread GVs
4303 =item Precompiled modules
4307 =item Typed lexicals
4317 =item Cached compilation
4321 =item Recently Finished Tasks
4325 =item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter)
4331 =item Namespace cleanup
4343 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4349 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4350 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4351 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4352 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4353 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4354 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4355 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4359 =item Keeping in sync
4361 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4362 NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more
4363 reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point,
4364 Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4366 =item Submitting patches
4368 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4369 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4371 =item Finding Your Way Around
4373 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4375 =item Elements of the interpreter
4377 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4379 =item Internal Variable Types
4385 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4387 =item Millions of Macros
4389 =item Poking at Perl
4391 =item Using a source-level debugger
4393 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4394 finish, 'enter', print
4396 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4402 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4406 =item Rational Software's Purify
4408 =item Purify on Unix
4410 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4414 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4418 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4426 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4434 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4446 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4448 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4452 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4456 =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4462 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4464 =item Incompatible Changes
4466 =item Core Enhancements
4468 =item Modules and Pragmata
4474 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4478 =item Utility Changes
4480 =item New Documentation
4482 =item Performance Enhancements
4484 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4488 =item Generic Improvements
4492 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4496 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4500 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4502 =item Changed Internals
4504 =item Known Problems
4508 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4510 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4512 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4514 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4516 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4518 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4520 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4522 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4524 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4526 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4528 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4532 =item Reporting Bugs
4540 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4546 =item Core Enhancements
4550 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4552 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4554 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4556 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4558 =item "our" declarations
4560 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4562 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4564 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4566 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4568 =item open() with more than two arguments
4570 =item 64-bit support
4572 =item Large file support
4578 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4580 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4582 =item File globbing implemented internally
4584 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4586 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4588 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4590 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4592 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4594 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4596 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4598 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4600 =item Comments in pack() templates
4602 =item Weak references
4604 =item Binary numbers supported
4606 =item Lvalue subroutines
4608 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4610 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4612 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4614 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
4616 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
4618 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
4620 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
4622 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
4624 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
4626 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
4628 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
4630 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
4632 =item Improved diagnostics
4634 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
4636 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
4638 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
4640 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
4642 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
4644 =item Improved security features
4646 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
4648 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
4650 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
4652 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
4654 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
4656 =item Optional Y2K warnings
4658 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
4662 =item Modules and Pragmata
4668 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
4669 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
4670 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
4671 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
4672 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
4673 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
4674 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
4675 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
4681 =item Utility Changes
4695 =item The Perl Debugger
4699 =item Improved Documentation
4701 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
4702 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
4703 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
4704 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
4706 =item Performance enhancements
4710 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
4712 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
4714 =item Faster subroutine calls
4716 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
4720 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4724 =item -Dusethreads means something different
4726 =item New Configure flags
4728 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
4734 =item -Duselargefiles
4736 =item installusrbinperl
4742 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
4746 =item Platform specific changes
4750 =item Supported platforms
4754 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
4762 =item Significant bug fixes
4766 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
4768 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
4770 =item All compilation errors are true errors
4772 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
4774 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
4776 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
4778 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
4780 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
4782 =item Failures in DESTROY()
4784 =item Locale bugs fixed
4788 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
4790 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
4792 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
4794 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
4798 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4800 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
4801 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
4802 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
4803 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
4804 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
4805 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
4806 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
4807 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
4808 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
4809 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
4810 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
4811 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
4812 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
4813 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
4814 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
4815 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
4816 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
4817 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
4818 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
4819 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
4820 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
4821 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
4822 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
4823 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
4824 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
4825 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
4826 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
4827 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
4828 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
4829 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
4830 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
4831 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
4832 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
4833 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
4834 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
4835 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
4836 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
4837 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
4838 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
4839 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
4840 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
4841 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
4842 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
4843 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
4844 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
4845 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
4846 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
4847 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
4848 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
4849 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
4853 =item Incompatible Changes
4857 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
4859 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
4860 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
4861 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
4862 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
4863 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
4864 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
4865 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
4866 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
4867 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
4868 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
4869 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
4871 =item C Source Incompatibilities
4873 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
4875 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
4877 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
4879 =item Binary Incompatibilities
4883 =item Known Problems
4887 =item Thread test failures
4889 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
4891 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
4893 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
4895 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
4898 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
4900 =item Arrow operator and arrays
4902 =item Experimental features
4904 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
4905 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
4906 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
4910 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
4912 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
4913 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
4914 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
4915 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
4917 =item Reporting Bugs
4925 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
4931 =item About the new versioning system
4933 =item Incompatible Changes
4937 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
4939 =item Default installation structure has changed
4941 =item Perl Source Compatibility
4943 =item C Source Compatibility
4945 =item Binary Compatibility
4947 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
4949 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
4963 =item Regular Expressions
4965 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
4966 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
4967 improvements, Incompatible changes
4969 =item Improved malloc()
4971 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
4973 =item Reliable signals
4975 =item Reliable stack pointers
4977 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
4981 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
4983 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
4985 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
4987 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
4989 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
4991 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
4993 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
4995 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
4997 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
4999 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5001 =item Better locale support
5003 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5005 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5007 =item Extended support for exception handling
5009 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5011 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5013 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5015 =item New C<lock> keyword
5017 =item New C<qr//> operator
5019 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5021 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5023 =item Tied handles support is better
5025 =item 4th argument to substr
5027 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5029 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5031 =item <> now reads in records
5035 =item Supported Platforms
5041 =item Changes in existing support
5045 =item Modules and Pragmata
5051 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5052 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5053 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5055 =item Changes in existing modules
5057 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5058 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5062 =item Utility Changes
5064 =item Documentation Changes
5066 =item New Diagnostics
5068 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5069 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5070 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5071 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5072 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5073 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5074 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5075 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5076 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5077 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5078 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5079 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5080 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5081 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5082 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5083 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5084 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5086 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5088 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5089 temporary file, regexp too big
5091 =item Configuration Changes
5101 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5107 =item Supported Environments
5113 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5115 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5117 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5119 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5121 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5123 =item More precise warnings
5125 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5127 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5129 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5131 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5133 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5135 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5137 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5139 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5141 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5143 =item Changes to tainting checks
5145 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5146 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5148 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5150 =item Embedding improvements
5152 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5154 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5156 =item New and changed syntax
5160 =item New and changed builtin constants
5164 =item New and changed builtin variables
5168 =item New and changed builtin functions
5170 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5171 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5172 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5173 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5174 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5176 =item New builtin methods
5178 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5180 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5182 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5183 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5185 =item Malloc enhancements
5187 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5189 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5193 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5209 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5210 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5216 =item Required Updates
5218 =item Installation directories
5220 =item Module information summary
5234 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5238 =item Utility Changes
5244 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5248 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5252 =item C Language API Changes
5254 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5257 =item Documentation Changes
5259 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5260 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5262 =item New Diagnostics
5264 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5265 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5266 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5267 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5268 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5269 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5270 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5271 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5272 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5273 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5274 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5275 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5276 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5277 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5278 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5279 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5280 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5281 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5282 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5283 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5284 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5285 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5286 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5287 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5288 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5298 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5306 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5310 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5312 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5314 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5316 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5322 =item GDBM and Threads
5324 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5334 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5350 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5352 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5354 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5360 =item Accessing documentation
5368 =item B<GNU> C<info> files
5380 =item Getting the perl source
5384 sh Configure -Dprefix=/ade -Dloclibpth=/ade/lib
5388 =item Installing the built perl
5398 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
5420 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell
5422 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
5424 =item Floating point anomalies
5442 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5452 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5454 =item Cygwin Configuration
5456 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5464 =item Strip Binaries
5466 =item Optional Libraries
5468 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5469 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5471 =item Configure-time Options
5473 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5474 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5476 =item Suspicious Warnings
5478 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5496 =item File Permissions
5500 =item Filetime Granularity
5502 =item Tainting Checks
5506 =item Script Portability
5508 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5516 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5517 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5527 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
5535 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
5537 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
5539 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
5541 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
5545 =item I/O Redirection
5555 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
5559 =item SUPPORT STATUS
5567 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
5576 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
5586 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
5588 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
5590 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
5592 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5598 =item GDBM and Threads
5600 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5602 =item perl -P and //
5612 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
5621 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
5623 =item Failures during C<make test>
5625 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
5627 =item Building external modules
5637 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
5645 =item System Requirements
5647 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
5649 =item Distribution Contents Highlights
5651 README, public_html/feedback.cgi, 4, 6
5653 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
5655 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
5657 =item Change History
5661 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
5681 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
5683 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
5685 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
5689 =item Frequently asked questions
5693 =item "It does not work"
5695 =item I cannot run external programs
5697 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
5700 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
5703 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
5705 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
5713 =item Automatic binary installation
5715 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
5717 =item Manual binary installation
5719 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
5720 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
5721 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
5722 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
5723 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
5729 =item Accessing documentation
5733 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
5741 =item GNU C<info> files
5753 =item The short story
5757 =item Getting perl source
5759 =item Application of the patches
5767 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
5770 =item Installing the built perl
5772 =item C<a.out>-style build
5780 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
5782 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
5784 =item Problems with tr or sed
5786 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
5788 =item Library ... not found
5790 =item Segfault in make
5792 =item op/sprintf test failure
5796 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
5800 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
5804 =item C<extproc> on the first line
5806 =item Additional modules:
5808 =item Prebuilt methods:
5810 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
5811 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
5812 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
5813 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
5814 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
5815 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
5816 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
5817 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
5818 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
5819 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
5820 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
5822 =item Prebuilt variables:
5824 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
5830 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
5833 =item Identifying DLLs
5835 =item Centralized management of resources
5851 =item F<perl___.exe>
5853 =item Why strange names?
5855 =item Why dynamic linking?
5857 =item Why chimera build?
5865 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
5867 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
5869 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
5871 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
5873 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
5875 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
5885 =item DLL name mangling
5889 =item Calls to external programs
5891 =item Memory allocation
5895 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
5909 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
5921 =item Setup and utilities
5925 =item Build, test, install
5927 =item build anomalies
5929 =item testing anomalies
5931 =item installation anomalies
5935 =item Floating point anomalies
5937 =item Modules and Extensions
5955 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
5963 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
5969 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
5975 =item File Extraction Problems.
5977 =item Compiler and Related Tools.
5983 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
5987 =item 64-bit Issues.
5991 =item Malloc Issues.
5995 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
5997 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
5998 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
5999 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6005 =item op/stat.t test 4
6009 =item PREBUILT BINARIES.
6011 =item RUNTIME ISSUES.
6015 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files.
6019 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6021 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6025 =item Proc::ProcessTable
6039 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6051 =item Setup and utilities
6055 - Don't turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There's a bug in
6056 the compiler (APAR PQ18812) that generates some bad code the
6057 optimizer is on, - As VM/ESA doesn't fully support the fork() API programs
6058 relying on this call will not work. I've replaced fork()/exec() with
6059 spawn() and the standalone exec() with spawn(). This has a side
6060 effect when opening unnamed pipes in a shell script: there is no child
6061 process generated under
6063 =item testing anomalies
6067 When using perl on VM/ESA please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII
6068 character sets are different. Perl builtin functions that may behave
6069 differently under EBCDIC are mentioned in the perlport.pod document.
6085 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6093 =item Organization of Perl Images
6099 =item Perl Extensions
6101 =item Installing static extensions
6103 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6107 =item File specifications
6113 =item Wildcard expansion
6119 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6125 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6127 =item Command line switches
6133 =item Perl functions
6135 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6136 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6137 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6138 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6140 =item Perl variables
6142 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $|
6144 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6158 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6166 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6170 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6174 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6176 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6180 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6184 =item Unimplemented Features
6190 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6198 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6200 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6212 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6222 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6232 =item Built-in Attributes
6234 locked, method, lvalue
6236 =item Available Subroutines
6240 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6242 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6244 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6252 =item Default exports
6254 =item Available exports
6256 =item Export tags defined
6266 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6278 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6294 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6308 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6322 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6335 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6344 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6350 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
6360 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
6370 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
6381 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
6383 =item The I<splain> Program
6397 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
6411 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
6421 =item subpragma access
6427 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
6438 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
6448 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
6458 =item Adding directories to @INC
6460 =item Deleting directories from @INC
6462 =item Restoring original @INC
6472 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
6483 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
6491 =item UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY
6497 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
6509 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
6519 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
6521 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
6523 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
6525 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
6527 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
6529 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
6531 =item Overloadable Operations
6533 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
6534 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
6535 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
6537 =item Inheritance and overloading
6539 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
6540 is inherited by derived classes
6544 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
6552 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
6554 =item Copy Constructor
6560 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
6562 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
6563 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
6564 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
6567 =item Losing overloading
6569 =item Run-time Overloading
6571 =item Public functions
6573 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
6575 =item Overloading constants
6577 integer, float, binary, q, qr
6579 =item IMPLEMENTATION
6581 =item Metaphor clash
6587 =item Two-face scalars
6589 =item Two-face references
6591 =item Symbolic calculator
6593 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
6601 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
6602 type, `%s' is not a code reference
6608 =head2 perlio - perl pragma to configure C level IO
6620 =item Defaults and how to override them
6628 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6638 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
6650 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
6652 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
6656 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
6660 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
6668 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
6676 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
6680 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
6690 =head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data
6703 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code
6713 =item Utility functions
6715 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
6716 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
6724 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
6734 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
6742 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
6743 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
6744 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
6745 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
6746 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
6750 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
6752 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
6754 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
6764 =item DBM Comparisons
6774 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
6784 =item Subroutine Stubs
6786 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6788 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
6790 =item Package Lexicals
6792 =item Not Using AutoLoader
6794 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
6804 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
6812 $keep, $check, $modtime
6816 =item Multiple packages
6824 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
6832 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
6836 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
6844 IV, IVX, needs64bits, packiv
6858 =item B::PVMG METHODS
6862 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
6864 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
6866 =item B::PVLV METHODS
6868 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
6872 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
6876 is_empty, NAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE,
6877 FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
6881 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
6882 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
6886 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
6890 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
6895 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
6897 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
6901 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
6903 =item B::UNOP METHOD
6907 =item B::BINOP METHOD
6911 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
6915 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
6919 =item B::PMOP METHODS
6921 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
6923 =item B::SVOP METHOD
6927 =item B::PADOP METHOD
6931 =item B::PVOP METHOD
6935 =item B::LOOP METHODS
6937 redoop, nextop, lastop
6939 =item B::COP METHODS
6941 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
6945 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
6947 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
6948 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
6949 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM),
6950 hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
6956 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
6969 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
6981 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
6993 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7003 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7004 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7005 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7015 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7025 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7026 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7036 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7046 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7047 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7048 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7060 =item Context of ".."
7064 =item Deprecated features
7072 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
7082 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
7083 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
7084 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
7086 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
7088 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
7089 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
7090 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
7091 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
7092 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
7093 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
7094 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7095 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
7101 =item OP flags abbreviations
7103 =item OP class abbreviations
7111 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7123 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7133 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I<PACKAGE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7134 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
7136 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7156 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7168 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7176 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7178 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7179 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7181 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7191 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7201 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7207 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7219 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7231 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7233 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7245 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7255 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7263 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7275 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7289 =item Standard Exports
7291 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7292 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7293 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7295 =item Optional Exports
7297 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7298 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7299 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7315 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7319 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7333 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7343 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7344 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7345 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7355 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
7367 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
7369 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
7371 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
7373 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
7375 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
7377 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
7379 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
7381 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
7383 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
7385 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
7387 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
7389 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
7391 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
7393 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
7395 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
7397 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
7399 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
7401 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
7402 B<:standard>, B<:all>
7406 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls,
7407 -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles
7409 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
7411 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
7412 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
7417 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
7421 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
7423 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
7425 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
7427 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
7429 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
7431 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
7433 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
7435 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
7436 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
7438 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
7442 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
7446 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
7448 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
7450 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
7452 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
7454 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
7456 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
7457 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
7459 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
7463 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
7467 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
7469 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
7471 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
7473 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
7477 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
7479 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
7481 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
7485 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
7487 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
7491 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
7495 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
7499 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
7503 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
7507 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
7509 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
7511 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
7515 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
7519 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
7525 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
7526 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
7528 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
7530 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
7531 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
7534 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
7540 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
7544 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
7546 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
7547 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
7548 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
7549 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
7550 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
7552 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
7554 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
7559 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
7561 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
7563 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
7564 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
7566 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
7568 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7572 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
7573 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
7574 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
7575 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
7576 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
7577 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
7578 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
7579 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
7580 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
7581 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
7582 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
7583 ...and many many more..
7585 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
7593 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
7603 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7611 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
7620 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
7622 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
7626 =item Changing the default message
7630 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
7640 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
7648 =item USING CGI::Cookie
7650 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
7654 =item Creating New Cookies
7656 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
7658 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
7660 =item Manipulating Cookies
7662 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
7666 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7674 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
7682 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
7684 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
7686 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
7688 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
7692 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7700 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
7710 =item Tags that won't be formatted
7712 =item Customizing the Indenting
7724 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
7732 =item USING CGI::Push
7734 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
7738 =item Heterogeneous Pages
7740 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
7744 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
7746 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7754 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
7764 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7772 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
7780 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7786 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
7796 =item Interactive Mode
7798 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
7799 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
7800 distribution, ls author, Signals
7808 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
7810 =item Programmer's interface
7812 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
7814 =item Methods in the other Classes
7816 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
7817 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
7818 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
7819 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
7820 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
7821 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
7822 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
7823 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
7824 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
7825 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
7826 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
7827 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
7828 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
7829 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
7830 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
7831 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
7832 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
7833 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
7834 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
7835 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
7836 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
7837 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
7838 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
7839 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
7840 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
7841 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
7849 =item Finding packages and VERSION
7853 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
7859 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
7860 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
7861 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
7862 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
7866 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
7868 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
7876 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
7878 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
7882 =item Three basic types of firewalls
7884 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
7886 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
7892 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
7904 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
7914 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
7927 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
7937 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
7945 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
7947 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
7957 =item The C<struct()> function
7959 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
7961 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
7963 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
7964 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
7966 =item Initializing with C<new>
7972 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
7974 =item Author and Modification History
7978 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
7986 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
7998 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8002 C<afs>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>, C<api_revision>,
8003 C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>, C<ar>, C<archlib>,
8004 C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>, C<awk>
8008 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8009 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8013 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8014 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8015 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8016 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>
8020 C<CONFIGDOTSH>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>, C<cpp_stuff>,
8021 C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>, C<cpprun>,
8022 C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crosscompile>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
8026 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8027 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8028 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8029 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8030 C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>,
8031 C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>,
8032 C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>,
8033 C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>,
8034 C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
8035 C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
8036 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_fork>,
8037 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>,
8038 C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>,
8039 C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>,
8040 C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
8041 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getlogin>,
8042 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
8043 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
8044 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
8045 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>,
8046 C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
8047 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>,
8048 C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>, C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>,
8049 C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
8050 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>,
8051 C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>,
8052 C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>,
8053 C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>,
8054 C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>,
8055 C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
8056 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
8057 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>,
8058 C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>,
8059 C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
8060 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
8061 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
8062 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
8063 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
8064 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>,
8065 C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>,
8066 C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>,
8067 C<d_readlink>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
8068 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>,
8069 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
8070 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
8071 C<d_semop>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>,
8072 C<d_sethent>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>,
8073 C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>,
8074 C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
8075 C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
8076 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
8077 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
8078 C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>,
8079 C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_statblks>,
8080 C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>,
8081 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
8082 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
8083 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
8084 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>,
8085 C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
8086 C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>,
8087 C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
8088 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>,
8089 C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
8090 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
8091 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
8092 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
8093 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>,
8094 C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8098 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8099 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
8103 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8104 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>, C<full_sed>
8108 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8109 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8113 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8117 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8118 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8119 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
8120 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_libutil>,
8121 C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>,
8122 C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
8123 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
8124 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
8125 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
8126 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
8127 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
8128 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
8129 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
8130 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
8131 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
8132 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
8133 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
8134 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8135 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8136 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8137 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
8138 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
8139 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
8144 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8148 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8149 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8150 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8151 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8152 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8153 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8157 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8158 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8159 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8163 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8164 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8168 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8169 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8170 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8171 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8175 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8176 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8180 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8185 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8186 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8187 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8188 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8192 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8196 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8197 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<runnm>
8201 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8202 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8203 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8204 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
8205 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
8206 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
8207 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
8208 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
8209 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
8210 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
8211 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
8212 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
8213 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
8214 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8218 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>, C<timetype>,
8219 C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8223 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8224 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8225 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8226 C<use64bitint>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>,
8227 C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>,
8228 C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usesfio>,
8229 C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>,
8230 C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>,
8231 C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8235 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8236 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8237 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8241 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8245 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
8257 =head2 Cwd, getcwd - get pathname of current working directory
8267 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8279 =item Global Variables
8281 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8282 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8287 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8288 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8290 =item Client Callback Methods
8292 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8293 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8294 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8304 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
8312 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
8316 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
8318 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
8320 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
8322 =item Default Parameters
8324 =item In Memory Databases
8332 =item A Simple Example
8340 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
8342 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
8344 =item The get_dup() Method
8346 =item The find_dup() Method
8348 =item The del_dup() Method
8350 =item Matching Partial Keys
8358 =item The 'bval' Option
8360 =item A Simple Example
8362 =item Extra RECNO Methods
8364 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
8365 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>
8367 =item Another Example
8371 =item THE API INTERFACE
8373 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
8374 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
8375 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
8376 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
8380 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
8381 B<filter_fetch_value>
8387 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
8389 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
8393 =item HINTS AND TIPS
8397 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
8399 =item Safe ways to lock a database
8401 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
8403 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
8405 =item The untie() Gotcha
8409 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
8413 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
8415 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
8417 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
8419 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
8439 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
8440 printing and C<eval>
8452 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
8453 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
8454 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
8461 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
8463 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8464 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8465 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8466 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8467 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8468 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8469 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8470 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8471 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8472 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8473 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8474 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
8494 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
8502 =item PROFILE FORMAT
8514 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
8524 =item Memory footprint debugging
8532 =item A simple scalar string
8534 =item A simple scalar number
8536 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
8538 =item A reference to a simple scalar
8540 =item A reference to an array
8542 =item A reference to a hash
8544 =item Dumping a large array or hash
8546 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
8548 =item A reference to a subroutine
8562 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
8572 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
8582 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
8594 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
8595 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
8596 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
8601 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
8602 veryCompact, set, get
8608 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
8616 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
8617 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
8618 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
8619 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
8626 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
8639 =head2 Encode - character encodings
8657 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
8659 =item Types of Encodings
8661 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
8662 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
8664 =item Specifying Encodings
8666 1. By name, 2. As an object
8668 =item Encoding Names
8670 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
8671 The name used by the the organization that defined it
8675 =item PERL ENCODING API
8679 =item Generic Encoding Interface
8681 =item Handling Malformed Data
8683 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
8687 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
8689 =item Listing available encodings
8691 =item Defining Aliases
8693 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
8696 =item Defining Encodings
8700 =item Encoding and IO
8702 =item Encoding How to ...
8704 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
8705 strings in binary data, perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
8707 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
8709 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
8711 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
8713 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
8714 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
8718 =item Compiled Encodings
8720 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
8721 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
8729 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
8730 of the Encode extension
8736 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
8744 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
8746 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
8752 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
8760 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
8773 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
8788 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
8804 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
8816 =item Selecting What To Export
8818 =item Specialised Import Lists
8820 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
8822 =item Module Version Checking
8824 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
8826 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
8832 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
8842 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
8863 mv source... destination
8865 cp source... destination
8883 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
8895 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
8896 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
8906 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
8916 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
8928 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
8929 packlist(), version()
8937 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
8945 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
8951 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
8961 =item VMS implementation
8963 =item Win32 implementation
8971 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
8980 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
8984 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
8999 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
9011 =item Preloaded methods
9031 =item SelfLoaded methods
9077 file_name_is_absolute
9083 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
9123 maybe_command_in_dirs
9161 replace_manpage_separator
9175 test_via_harness (o)
9207 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9218 =item Methods always loaded
9230 =item SelfLoaded methods
9232 guess_name (override)
9236 find_perl (override)
9240 maybe_command (override)
9242 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
9244 perl_script (override)
9246 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9248 replace_manpage_separator
9250 init_others (override)
9252 constants (override)
9256 const_cccmd (override)
9258 pm_to_blib (override)
9260 tool_autosplit (override)
9262 tool_sxubpp (override)
9264 xsubpp_version (override)
9266 tools_other (override)
9276 top_targets (override)
9280 dynamic_lib (override)
9282 dynamic_bs (override)
9284 static_lib (override)
9286 manifypods (override)
9288 processPL (override)
9290 installbin (override)
9296 realclean (override)
9298 dist_basics (override)
9300 dist_core (override)
9304 dist_test (override)
9308 perldepend (override)
9314 test_via_harness (override)
9316 test_via_script (override)
9318 makeaperl (override)
9322 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9349 test_via_harness (o)
9351 tool_autosplit (override)
9369 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
9379 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
9381 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
9389 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
9393 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
9395 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
9397 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
9399 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
9401 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
9402 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
9403 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
9404 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
9405 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
9406 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
9407 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
9408 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
9409 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
9410 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
9411 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
9412 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
9413 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
9414 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION,
9415 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
9417 =item Additional lowercase attributes
9419 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
9422 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
9424 =item Hintsfile support
9426 =item Distribution Support
9428 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
9429 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
9430 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
9432 =item Disabling an extension
9446 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
9458 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
9462 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
9463 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
9467 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
9475 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
9487 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
9497 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
9506 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
9514 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
9526 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
9534 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
9544 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
9556 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
9566 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
9570 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
9578 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
9582 C<basename>, C<dirname>
9586 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
9596 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
9610 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
9620 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
9622 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
9632 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
9640 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
9652 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
9660 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
9661 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>,
9662 C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
9668 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
9676 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>, C<GLOB_NOSORT>,
9677 C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>, C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>
9681 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
9689 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
9701 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
9715 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
9749 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
9767 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
9795 file_name_is_absolute
9815 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
9825 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
9857 file_name_is_absolute
9879 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
9895 =item Methods always loaded
9897 canonpath (override)
9915 case_tolerant (override)
9919 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9921 splitpath (override)
9937 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
9967 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
9991 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
10005 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
10015 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
10023 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
10031 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
10033 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
10045 =item Temporary files and NFS
10057 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
10071 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
10083 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
10091 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
10097 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
10121 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
10131 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
10135 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
10137 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
10145 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
10147 =item Example 2: Using the context
10149 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
10151 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
10155 =item Filter::Simple
10163 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
10171 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
10181 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
10197 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
10205 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
10207 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
10211 =item Simple options
10213 =item A little bit less simple options
10215 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
10217 =item Options with values
10219 =item Options with multiple values
10221 =item Options with hash values
10223 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
10225 =item Options with multiple names
10227 =item Case and abbreviations
10229 =item Summary of Option Specifications
10231 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
10235 =item Advanced Possibilities
10239 =item Object oriented interface
10241 =item Documentation and help texts
10243 =item Storing options in a hash
10247 =item The lonesome dash
10249 =item Argument call-back
10253 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
10255 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
10256 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
10257 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
10258 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
10259 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
10261 =item Return values and Errors
10267 =item Default destinations
10269 =item Alternative option starters
10271 =item Configuration variables
10275 =item Trouble Shooting
10279 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
10281 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
10288 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
10292 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
10303 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
10314 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
10324 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
10332 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10333 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10343 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10353 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10357 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10365 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
10375 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10379 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10380 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10381 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10382 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10394 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10404 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10408 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10418 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10428 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10429 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10439 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
10447 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10448 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10457 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
10467 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10471 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10472 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10473 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10483 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
10497 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]),
10498 sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
10508 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
10524 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10537 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
10551 hostpath(), peerpath()
10561 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
10570 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
10571 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
10581 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
10591 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
10595 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
10603 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
10614 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
10618 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
10619 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
10620 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
10621 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
10633 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
10643 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
10647 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
10657 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
10667 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
10668 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
10678 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
10687 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
10688 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
10697 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
10708 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
10712 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
10713 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
10714 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
10724 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
10739 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]),
10740 sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected
10750 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
10751 AF_INET domain sockets
10767 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
10780 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
10781 AF_UNIX domain sockets
10795 hostpath(), peerpath()
10805 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
10815 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
10816 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
10827 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
10841 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
10854 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
10864 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
10865 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
10866 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
10877 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
10895 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
10905 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
10906 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
10917 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
10928 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
10929 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
10930 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
10941 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
10949 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
10953 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
10961 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
10973 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
10979 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
10981 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
10982 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
10988 =item QUERY ROUTINES
10990 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
10996 =item CODE ALIASING
11006 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11010 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
11011 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
11012 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
11013 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
11021 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
11022 identification (ISO 4217)
11040 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11042 code2currency(), currency2code()
11048 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11050 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
11058 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11062 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
11070 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
11087 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11089 code2language(), language2code()
11095 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11097 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
11105 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11109 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
11110 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
11118 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
11126 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is
11135 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
11143 Canonical notation, Input, Output
11147 =item Autocreating constants
11155 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
11168 =item STRINGIFICATION
11172 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
11178 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
11180 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
11188 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
11196 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
11202 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
11204 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
11208 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
11210 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
11214 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
11216 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
11218 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
11219 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
11223 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES
11233 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
11241 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
11247 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
11251 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
11255 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
11267 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
11268 $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
11278 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
11295 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
11312 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
11327 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
11344 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
11354 =item IMPLEMENTATION
11360 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
11368 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
11374 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
11378 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
11382 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
11394 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
11396 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
11397 or optag, an operator set (opset)
11399 =item Opcode Functions
11401 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
11402 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
11403 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
11406 =item Manipulating Opsets
11408 =item TO DO (maybe)
11414 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
11416 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
11417 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
11418 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
11427 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
11436 a new namespace, an operator mask
11442 =item RECENT CHANGES
11444 =item Methods in class Safe
11446 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
11447 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
11448 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
11449 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
11451 =item Some Safety Issues
11453 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
11461 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
11474 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
11488 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
11489 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
11490 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
11491 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
11492 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
11493 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
11494 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
11495 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
11496 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
11497 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
11498 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
11499 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
11500 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
11501 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
11502 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
11503 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
11504 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
11505 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
11506 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
11507 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
11508 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
11509 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
11510 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
11511 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
11512 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
11519 =item POSIX::SigAction
11523 =item POSIX::SigSet
11525 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
11527 =item POSIX::Termios
11529 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
11530 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
11531 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
11532 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
11533 values, c_oflag field values
11537 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
11541 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
11545 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
11603 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
11609 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
11615 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
11627 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
11628 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
11629 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
11630 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
11631 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
11632 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
11633 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
11634 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
11639 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
11640 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
11641 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
11642 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
11643 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
11644 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
11648 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
11649 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
11661 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
11663 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
11666 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
11668 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
11670 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
11672 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
11674 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
11682 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
11694 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
11696 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
11703 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
11709 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
11711 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
11718 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
11730 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
11740 backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile,
11741 libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title,
11756 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
11769 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
11770 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
11776 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
11800 =item B<was_cutting()>
11806 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
11812 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
11818 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
11824 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
11830 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11836 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
11842 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
11848 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
11854 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
11860 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
11866 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
11872 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
11878 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
11884 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
11890 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
11896 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11902 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
11908 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
11914 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
11920 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
11926 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
11932 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
11938 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
11944 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
11950 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
11956 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
11962 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
11968 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
11974 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
11986 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
11998 =item OBJECT METHODS
12006 =item Data Accessors
12022 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
12024 B<StartWithNewPage>
12038 =item Subclassed methods
12052 B<interior_sequence>
12068 =item Methods for headings
12076 =item Internal methods
12082 B<_replace_special_chars>
12088 B<_clean_latex_commands>
12104 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
12112 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
12117 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
12118 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape
12119 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on
12120 line %d, Unmatched =back
12130 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
12144 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
12152 $list-E<gt>indent()
12160 $list-E<gt>parent()
12166 =item Pod::Hyperlink
12168 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
12172 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
12174 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
12178 $link-E<gt>warning()
12180 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
12186 $link-E<gt>alttext()
12196 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
12202 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
12206 =item Pod::Cache::Item
12208 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
12212 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
12214 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
12216 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
12218 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
12220 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
12222 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
12224 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
12234 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
12246 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12248 =item PARSING OPTIONS
12250 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
12251 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
12257 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
12265 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12271 =item B<verbatim()>
12273 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12279 =item B<textblock()>
12281 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
12287 =item B<interior_sequence()>
12293 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
12305 =item B<initialize()>
12311 =item B<begin_pod()>
12317 =item B<begin_input()>
12323 =item B<end_input()>
12335 =item B<preprocess_line()>
12341 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
12347 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
12353 =item B<parse_text()>
12355 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
12356 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
12357 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
12363 =item B<interpolate()>
12369 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
12375 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
12381 =item B<parse_from_file()>
12387 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
12393 =item B<errorsub()>
12405 =item B<parseopts()>
12411 =item B<output_file()>
12417 =item B<output_handle()>
12423 =item B<input_file()>
12429 =item B<input_handle()>
12435 =item B<input_streams()>
12441 =item B<top_stream()>
12447 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12453 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
12459 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
12465 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
12473 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
12493 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
12506 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
12508 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
12514 =item OBJECT METHODS
12520 =item B<curr_headings()>
12532 =item B<add_selection()>
12538 =item B<clear_selections()>
12544 =item B<match_section()>
12550 =item B<is_selected()>
12556 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
12562 =item B<podselect()>
12564 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
12570 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
12576 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
12582 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
12588 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
12600 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
12608 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
12612 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
12613 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
12614 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
12626 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
12642 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
12659 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
12660 text with format escapes
12674 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
12683 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
12692 =item Recommended Use
12700 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
12704 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
12712 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12718 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12722 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12726 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
12734 a new namespace, an operator mask
12740 =item RECENT CHANGES
12742 =item Methods in class Safe
12744 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
12745 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
12746 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
12747 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
12749 =item Some Safety Issues
12751 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
12759 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
12769 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
12779 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
12789 =item The __DATA__ token
12791 =item SelfLoader autoloading
12793 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
12795 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
12797 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
12799 =item Classes and inherited methods.
12803 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
12807 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
12817 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
12825 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
12826 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
12834 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
12835 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
12836 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
12837 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
12838 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
12842 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
12852 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
12856 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
12858 =item ERROR REPORTING
12866 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
12871 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
12872 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
12896 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
12910 =item Allowing fall-through
12912 =item Automating fall-through
12914 =item Higher-order Operations
12928 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
12938 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
12950 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
12951 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
12959 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
12960 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
12971 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
12972 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
12980 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
12981 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
12992 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
13002 Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
13003 comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
13014 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
13026 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
13034 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
13044 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
13045 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
13053 =item Minimal set of supported functions
13055 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
13056 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
13058 =item Additional supported functions
13060 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
13068 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
13078 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
13090 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
13100 =item The test script output
13102 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
13103 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
13104 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>
13112 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
13113 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
13114 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
13115 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
13119 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
13120 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
13131 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
13143 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
13153 =item General behaviour in list contexts
13157 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
13159 =item A note about prefixes
13161 =item C<extract_delimited>
13163 =item C<extract_bracketed>
13165 =item C<extract_tagged>
13167 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
13168 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
13170 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
13172 =item C<extract_quotelike>
13174 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
13176 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
13178 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
13180 =item C<extract_codeblock>
13182 =item C<extract_multiple>
13184 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
13190 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
13191 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
13192 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
13193 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
13194 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
13195 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
13196 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
13197 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
13198 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
13199 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
13200 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
13201 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
13206 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
13212 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
13227 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
13244 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
13259 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
13273 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
13284 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
13285 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
13286 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
13290 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
13298 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
13306 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
13308 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
13314 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
13322 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
13324 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
13328 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
13340 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
13350 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
13358 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
13359 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
13360 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
13361 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
13369 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
13378 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
13379 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
13380 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
13381 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
13383 =item MORE INFORMATION
13385 =item COMPATIBILITY
13389 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
13397 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
13398 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
13402 =item MORE INFORMATION
13406 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
13424 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
13433 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
13435 =item MORE INFORMATION
13439 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
13451 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
13459 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13465 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
13480 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
13495 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
13507 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
13515 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
13516 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
13520 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database versioning
13532 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
13547 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
13558 =item System Specifics
13572 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
13580 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
13582 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
13583 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
13584 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
13585 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
13586 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
13587 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
13588 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
13589 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
13590 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
13591 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
13592 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
13593 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
13594 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
13595 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
13596 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
13597 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
13603 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
13615 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
13617 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
13618 don't all have manual pages yet:
13644 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles