4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Platform-Specific
56 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
66 =item Running Perl programs
68 =item Basic syntax overview
70 =item Perl variable types
72 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
74 =item Variable scoping
76 =item Conditional and looping constructs
78 if, while, for, foreach
80 =item Builtin operators and functions
82 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
87 =item Regular expressions
89 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
90 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
92 =item Writing subroutines
96 =item Using Perl modules
104 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2001/11/19
113 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
115 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
117 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
121 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
123 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
125 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
127 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
129 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
131 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
135 =item About the perlfaq documents
139 =item Where to get the perlfaq
141 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
143 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
150 =item Author and Copyright Information
154 =item Bundled Distributions
162 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
163 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
164 Initial Release: 11/March/97
168 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
176 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
186 =item Simple statements
188 =item Compound statements
196 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
200 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
202 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
208 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
222 =item Scalar value constructors
224 =item List value constructors
228 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
236 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
246 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
248 =item The Arrow Operator
250 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
254 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
256 =item Binding Operators
258 =item Multiplicative Operators
260 =item Additive Operators
262 =item Shift Operators
264 =item Named Unary Operators
266 =item Relational Operators
268 =item Equality Operators
272 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
274 =item C-style Logical And
276 =item C-style Logical Or
278 =item Range Operators
280 =item Conditional Operator
282 =item Assignment Operators
286 =item List Operators (Rightward)
292 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
294 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
296 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
298 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
300 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
302 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
303 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
304 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
305 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
307 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
309 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
310 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
311 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
312 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
317 =item Constant Folding
319 =item Bitwise String Operators
321 =item Integer Arithmetic
323 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
331 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
341 =item Private Variables via my()
343 =item Persistent Private Variables
345 =item Temporary Values via local()
347 =item Lvalue subroutines
349 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
351 =item When to Still Use local()
353 =item Pass by Reference
357 =item Constant Functions
359 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
363 =item Subroutine Attributes
371 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
379 =item Perl Functions by Category
381 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
382 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
383 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
384 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
385 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
386 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
387 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
388 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
389 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
390 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
395 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
397 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
398 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
399 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
400 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
401 chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr
402 NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir
403 DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt
404 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR,
405 defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR,
406 dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
407 BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
408 fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
409 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
410 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
411 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
412 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
413 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
414 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
415 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
416 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
417 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
418 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
419 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
420 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
421 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
422 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc,
423 lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
424 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log,
425 lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK,
426 mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
427 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES,
428 next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
429 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
430 FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord
431 EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
432 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
433 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
434 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
435 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
436 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
437 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
438 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
439 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
440 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
441 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
442 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
443 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
444 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
445 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
446 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
447 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
448 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
449 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
450 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
451 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
452 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
453 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
454 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
455 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
456 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
457 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
458 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
459 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
460 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
461 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
462 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
463 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
464 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
465 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
466 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
467 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
468 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
469 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
475 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
481 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
489 =item Making References
491 =item Using References
509 =item Distribution Conditions
515 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
521 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
522 more elaborate constructs
526 =item COMMON MISTAKES
528 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
530 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
536 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
540 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
542 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
544 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
548 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
552 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
554 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
556 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
560 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
564 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
566 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
568 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
572 =item HASHES OF HASHES
576 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
578 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
580 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
584 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
588 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
590 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
592 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
604 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
614 =item Simple word matching
616 =item Using character classes
618 =item Matching this or that
620 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
622 =item Extracting matches
624 =item Matching repetitions
628 =item Search and replace
630 =item The split operator
638 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
642 =item Acknowledgments
648 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
656 =item Ordinary Paragraph
658 =item Verbatim Paragraph
660 =item Command Paragraph
662 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
663 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
664 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
665 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
667 =item Formatting Codes
669 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
670 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
671 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
672 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
673 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
674 (zero-effect) formatting code
678 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
680 =item Hints for Writing Pod
690 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
697 =item Pod Definitions
701 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
702 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
704 =item Pod Formatting Codes
706 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
707 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
708 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
709 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
710 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
711 contains non-breaking spaces
713 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
715 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
717 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
719 =item About =over...=back Regions
721 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
729 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
737 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
755 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
757 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
758 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
759 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
760 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
762 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
764 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
765 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
766 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
770 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
772 =item Numerical Traps
774 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
776 =item General data type traps
778 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
779 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
781 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
783 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
785 =item Precedence Traps
787 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
790 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
792 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
793 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
796 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
798 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
804 =item Interpolation Traps
806 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
807 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
813 =item Unclassified Traps
815 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
822 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
832 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
834 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
836 =item Location of Perl
838 =item Command Switches
840 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
841 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
842 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
843 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
844 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
845 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
852 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
853 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
854 PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to
859 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
867 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
875 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
877 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
879 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
883 =item Backward Compatibility
885 =item Category Hierarchy
889 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
901 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
909 =item Looking at data and -w and w
913 =item Stepping through code
915 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
917 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
935 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
941 =item The Perl Debugger
945 =item Debugger Commands
947 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
948 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
949 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
950 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
951 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
952 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
953 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
954 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
955 cmd, @ file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man
958 =item Configurable Options
960 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
961 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
962 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
963 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
964 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
965 C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
967 =item Debugger input/output
969 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
972 =item Debugging compile-time statements
974 =item Debugger Customization
976 =item Readline Support
978 =item Editor Support for Debugging
980 =item The Perl Profiler
984 =item Debugging regular expressions
986 =item Debugging memory usage
994 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1002 =item Predefined Names
1004 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1005 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1006 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1007 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1008 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1009 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1010 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1011 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1012 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1013 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1014 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1015 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1016 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1017 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1018 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1019 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1020 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1021 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1022 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1023 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1024 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1025 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1026 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1027 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1028 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1029 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1030 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1031 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1032 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1033 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1035 =item Error Indicators
1037 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1045 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1053 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1055 =item Growing Your Own
1057 =item Access and Printing
1069 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1075 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1083 =item The Minus File
1085 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1091 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1095 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1099 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1103 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1105 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1107 =item Paths as Opens
1109 =item Single Argument Open
1111 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1115 =item Other I/O Issues
1119 =item Opening Non-File Files
1129 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1135 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1141 =item The Basic Principle
1145 =item Packing Numbers
1151 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1153 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1155 =item Floating point Numbers
1159 =item Exotic Templates
1171 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1175 =item Lengths and Widths
1179 =item String Lengths
1181 =item Dynamic Templates
1185 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1189 =item The Alignment Pit
1191 =item Alignment, Take 2
1193 =item Alignment, Take 3
1195 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1201 =item Funnies Section
1207 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1213 =item Part 1: The basics
1217 =item Simple word matching
1219 =item Using character classes
1221 =item Matching this or that
1223 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1225 =item Extracting matches
1227 =item Matching repetitions
1229 =item Building a regexp
1231 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1235 =item Part 2: Power tools
1239 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1241 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1243 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1245 =item Non-capturing groupings
1247 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1249 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1251 =item Conditional expressions
1253 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1255 =item Pragmas and debugging
1263 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1267 =item Acknowledgments
1273 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1283 =item Regular Expressions
1285 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1287 =item Extended Patterns
1289 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1290 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1291 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1292 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1296 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1298 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1300 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1302 =item Combining pieces together
1304 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1305 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1306 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1307 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1309 =item Creating custom RE engines
1319 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1329 =item Making References
1331 =item Using References
1333 =item Symbolic references
1335 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1337 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1339 =item Function Templates
1349 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1357 =item Format Variables
1367 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1375 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1383 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1385 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1387 =item Invoking a barnyard
1389 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1391 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1393 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1395 =item A few notes about @ISA
1397 =item Overriding the methods
1399 =item Starting the search from a different place
1401 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1403 =item Where we're at so far...
1405 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1407 =item Invoking an instance method
1409 =item Accessing the instance data
1411 =item How to build a horse
1413 =item Inheriting the constructor
1415 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1417 =item Adding parameters to a method
1419 =item More interesting instances
1421 =item A horse of a different color
1433 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1439 =item Creating a Class
1443 =item Object Representation
1445 =item Class Interface
1447 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1449 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1453 =item Other Object Methods
1461 =item Accessing Class Data
1463 =item Debugging Methods
1465 =item Class Destructors
1467 =item Documenting the Interface
1477 =item Overridden Methods
1479 =item Multiple Inheritance
1481 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1485 =item Alternate Object Representations
1489 =item Arrays as Objects
1491 =item Closures as Objects
1495 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1499 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1501 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1505 =item Metaclassical Tools
1511 =item Data Members as Variables
1519 =item Object Terminology
1525 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1531 =item Acknowledgments
1537 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1543 =item Class Data in a Can
1545 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1549 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1551 =item Inheritance Concerns
1553 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1555 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1557 =item Monadic Classes
1559 =item Translucent Attributes
1563 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1567 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1569 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1571 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1573 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1575 =item Translucency Revisited
1583 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1585 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1591 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1599 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1601 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1603 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1605 =item Method Invocation
1607 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1609 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1611 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1617 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1625 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1631 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1633 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1635 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1637 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1639 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1641 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1643 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1645 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1647 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1649 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1655 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1667 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1672 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1673 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1674 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1675 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1680 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1681 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1682 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1684 =item Tying FileHandles
1686 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1687 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1692 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1704 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1705 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1721 =item Using open() for IPC
1727 =item Background Processes
1729 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1731 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1733 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1735 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1739 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1743 =item Internet Line Terminators
1745 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1747 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1751 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1755 =item A Simple Client
1757 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1759 =item A Webget Client
1761 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1765 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1767 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1769 =item UDP: Message Passing
1783 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1793 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1795 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1796 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1797 files, directories and network sockets
1799 =item Resource limits
1801 =item Killing the parent process
1803 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1805 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1807 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1808 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1809 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1821 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1829 =item Storing numbers
1831 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1833 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1835 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1836 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1837 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1846 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1854 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1860 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1862 =item Threaded Program Models
1874 =item Native threads
1876 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1878 =item Threadsafe Modules
1884 =item Basic Thread Support
1886 =item Creating Threads
1888 =item Giving up control
1890 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1892 =item Errors In Threads
1894 =item Ignoring A Thread
1898 =item Threads And Data
1902 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1904 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1906 =item Controlling access: lock()
1908 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1910 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1914 =item Threads And Code
1918 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1920 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1922 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1924 =item Subroutine Locks
1928 =item Locking A Subroutine
1932 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1936 =item What Thread Am I In?
1940 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1942 =item What Threads Are Running?
1946 =item A Complete Example
1954 =item Introductory Texts
1956 =item OS-Related References
1958 =item Other References
1962 =item Acknowledgements
1970 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1976 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1985 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1987 =item Files and Filesystems
1989 =item System Interaction
1991 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1993 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1995 =item Standard Modules
1999 =item Character sets and character encoding
2001 =item Internationalisation
2003 =item System Resources
2013 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2014 http://testers.cpan.org/
2022 =item DOS and Derivatives
2030 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2038 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2042 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2044 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2045 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2046 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2047 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2048 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2049 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2050 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2051 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2052 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
2053 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
2054 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
2055 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
2056 kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
2057 lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
2058 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
2059 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
2060 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
2061 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2062 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2063 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2064 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2065 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2066 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2067 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2068 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2069 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2075 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2076 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2077 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2078 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2079 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2080 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2082 =item Supported Platforms
2086 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2092 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2099 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2105 =item The use locale pragma
2107 =item The setlocale function
2109 =item Finding locales
2111 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2113 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2115 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2117 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2119 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2121 =item The localeconv function
2123 =item I18N::Langinfo
2127 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2131 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2133 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2135 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2137 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2141 =item Other categories
2149 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2150 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2156 =item Backward compatibility
2158 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2160 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2162 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2164 =item Freely available locale definitions
2168 =item An imperfect standard
2176 =item Broken systems
2186 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2196 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2198 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2200 =item Creating Unicode
2202 =item Handling Unicode
2204 =item Legacy Encodings
2210 =item Advanced Topics
2214 =item Questions With Answers
2216 Will My Old Scripts Break?, How Do I Make My Scripts Work With Unicode?,
2217 How Do I Know Whether My String Is In Unicode?, How Do I Detect Invalid
2218 UTF-8?, How Do I Convert Data Into UTF-8? Or Vice Versa?, How Do I Display
2219 Unicode? How Do I Input Unicode?, How Does Unicode Work With Traditional
2222 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2224 =item Further Resources
2228 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2232 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
2234 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2238 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2246 =item Important Caveats
2248 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2249 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2251 =item Byte and Character semantics
2253 =item Effects of character semantics
2259 =item Character encodings for input and output
2265 =item UNICODE REGULAR EXPRESSION SUPPORT LEVEL
2269 =item Unicode Encodings
2271 UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-16BE, UTF16-LE, Surrogates, and BOMs (Byte Order Marks),
2272 UTF-32, UTF-32BE, UTF32-LE, UCS-2, UCS-4, UTF-7
2274 =item Security Implications of Malformed UTF-8
2276 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2284 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2290 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2298 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2302 =item 13 variant characters
2310 =item Unicode and UTF
2314 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2316 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2318 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2332 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2334 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2336 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2338 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2346 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2348 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2350 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2352 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2356 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2360 =item URL decoding and encoding
2362 =item uu encoding and decoding
2364 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2366 =item Caesarian ciphers
2370 =item Hashing order and checksums
2374 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2386 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2406 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2414 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2416 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2418 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2422 =item Protecting Your Programs
2430 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2442 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2448 =item Making your module threadsafe
2456 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2466 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2467 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2481 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2487 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2491 =item Pragmatic Modules
2493 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2494 diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops,
2495 overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, utf8, vars, vmsish,
2496 warnings, warnings::register
2498 =item Standard Modules
2500 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2501 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2502 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2503 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2504 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2505 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2506 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2507 Dumpvalue, Encode, Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env,
2508 Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant,
2509 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2510 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
2511 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
2512 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
2513 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
2514 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
2515 File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2516 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2517 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2518 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate,
2519 I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
2520 Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language,
2521 Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2522 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize,
2523 Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile,
2524 Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File,
2525 Memoize::Saves, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config,
2526 Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping,
2527 Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
2528 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
2529 Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX,
2530 Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer,
2531 Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
2532 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, Pod::t::basic, SDBM_File, Safe,
2533 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2534 Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2535 Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial,
2536 Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs,
2537 Text::Wrap, Thread, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash,
2538 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime,
2539 Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::UCD, User::grent,
2542 =item Extension Modules
2554 =item Central America
2566 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2570 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2572 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2574 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2582 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2588 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2592 =item Before you start
2600 =item Release considerations
2604 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2608 =item Has it been done before?
2610 =item Do one thing and do it well
2612 =item What's in a name?
2616 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2620 =item To OO or not to OO?
2622 =item Designing your API
2624 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2625 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2628 =item Strictness and warnings
2630 =item Backwards compatibility
2632 =item Error handling and messages
2636 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2642 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2646 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2650 =item Version numbering
2652 =item Pre-requisites
2662 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2666 =item Reinventing the wheel
2668 =item Trying to do too much
2670 =item Inappropriate documentation
2676 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2677 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2683 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2693 =item What should I make into a module?
2695 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2697 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2699 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2701 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2702 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2703 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2705 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2707 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2708 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2718 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.2 $, $Date:
2719 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)
2729 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2731 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2733 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2735 =item What is perl6?
2737 =item How stable is Perl?
2739 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2741 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2744 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2746 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2748 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2750 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2752 =item What is a JAPH?
2754 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2756 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2757 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2761 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2765 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.3 $,
2766 $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)
2774 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2776 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2778 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2780 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2783 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2784 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2786 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2787 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2789 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2791 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2793 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2795 =item Where should I post source code?
2799 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2801 =item Perl in Magazines
2803 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2805 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2807 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2809 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2811 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2813 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2817 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2821 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.10 $, $Date: 2001/11/19
2830 =item How do I do (anything)?
2832 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2834 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2836 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2838 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2840 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2842 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2844 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2846 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2848 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2849 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2850 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2852 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2854 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2856 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2858 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2860 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2862 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2864 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2866 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
2867 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
2869 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2871 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2873 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2875 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2877 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2879 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2881 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2883 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2885 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2887 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2889 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2891 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2893 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2894 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2896 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2899 =item What's MakeMaker?
2903 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2907 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
2918 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2919 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2921 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2923 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2926 =item How do I convert between numeric representations:
2928 B<How do I convert Hexadecimal into decimal:>, B<How do I convert from
2929 decimal to hexadecimal:>, B<How do I convert from octal to decimal:>, B<How
2930 do I convert from decimal to octal:>, B<How do I convert from binary to
2931 decimal:>, B<How do I convert from decimal to binary:>
2933 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2935 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2937 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2939 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2941 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2949 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2951 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2953 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2955 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2957 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2959 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2961 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2969 =item How do I validate input?
2971 =item How do I unescape a string?
2973 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2975 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2977 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2979 =item How do I reverse a string?
2981 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2983 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2985 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2987 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2989 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2992 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2994 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2995 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2997 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2999 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3001 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3003 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3005 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3007 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3009 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3011 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3012 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3021 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3023 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3025 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3029 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3032 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3033 intersection of two arrays?
3035 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3037 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3039 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3041 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3043 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3045 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3047 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3049 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3051 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3053 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3055 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3059 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3063 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3065 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3068 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3070 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3072 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3074 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3076 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3078 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3080 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3082 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3084 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3086 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3088 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3091 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3092 array of hashes or arrays?
3094 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3102 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3104 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3106 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3108 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3110 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3112 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3114 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3118 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3122 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
3131 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3133 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3134 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3136 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3138 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3140 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3142 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3143 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3145 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3147 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3149 =item How can I write() into a string?
3151 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3153 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3155 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3157 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3159 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3161 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3163 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3165 =item How can I lock a file?
3167 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3169 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3170 the file. How can I do this?
3172 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3173 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3175 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3177 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3179 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3181 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3183 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3185 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3187 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3189 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3191 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3193 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3195 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3197 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
3198 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3200 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3202 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3203 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3205 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3207 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3211 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3215 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04 $)
3223 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3224 and unmaintainable code?
3226 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3228 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3230 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3233 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3235 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3238 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3240 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3242 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3244 =item What is C</o> really for?
3246 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3249 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3251 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3253 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3255 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3257 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3259 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3261 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3263 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3265 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3267 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3269 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3271 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3273 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3277 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3281 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/07
3290 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3292 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3295 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3298 =item How do I skip some return values?
3300 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3302 =item What's an extension?
3304 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3306 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3308 =item How do I create a module?
3310 =item How do I create a class?
3312 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3314 =item What's a closure?
3316 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3318 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3321 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3324 =item How do I create a static variable?
3326 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3327 Between local() and my()?
3329 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3332 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3334 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3336 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3338 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3340 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3342 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3344 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3346 =item How can I find out my current package?
3348 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3350 =item How do I clear a package?
3352 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3356 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3360 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.4 $, $Date: 2001/11/09
3369 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3371 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3373 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3375 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3377 =item How do I print something out in color?
3379 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3381 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3383 =item How do I clear the screen?
3385 =item How do I get the screen size?
3387 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3389 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3391 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3393 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3395 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3397 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3399 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3401 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3403 =item How do I set the time and date?
3405 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3407 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3409 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3411 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3412 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3414 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3416 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3418 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3420 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3422 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3424 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3426 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3428 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3430 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3432 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3435 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3437 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3439 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3441 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3444 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3445 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3446 changes to be visible?
3450 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3453 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3455 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3457 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3459 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3461 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3463 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3465 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3467 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3469 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3471 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3473 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3475 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3478 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3480 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3484 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3488 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2001/11/09 08:06:04
3497 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3499 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3502 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3504 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3506 =item How do I extract URLs?
3508 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3509 file on another machine?
3511 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3513 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3515 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3517 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3519 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3521 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3523 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3525 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3526 CGI script to do bad things?
3528 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3530 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3532 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3534 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3536 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3538 =item How do I send mail?
3540 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3542 =item How do I read mail?
3544 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3546 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3548 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3550 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3554 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3558 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3568 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3572 =item Using The Back Ends
3576 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3580 =item The Decompiling Back End
3582 =item The Lint Back End
3584 =item The Simple C Back End
3586 =item The Bytecode Back End
3588 =item The Optimized C Back End
3590 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3591 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3592 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3596 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3602 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3612 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3613 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3617 =item Compiling your C program
3619 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3621 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3623 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3625 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3627 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3629 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3631 =item Execution of END blocks
3633 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3635 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3640 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3650 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3656 =item Debugger Internals
3660 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3664 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3666 =item Debugging regular expressions
3670 =item Compile-time output
3672 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3673 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3674 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3677 =item Types of nodes
3679 =item Run-time output
3683 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3687 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3689 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3690 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3693 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3695 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3697 =item B<-DL> details
3701 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3709 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3721 =item Version caveat
3723 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3735 =item What has gone on?
3737 =item Writing good test scripts
3741 =item What's new here?
3743 =item Input and Output Parameters
3745 =item The XSUBPP Program
3747 =item The TYPEMAP file
3749 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3753 =item What has happened here?
3755 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3757 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3759 =item More about XSUB arguments
3761 =item The Argument Stack
3763 =item Extending your Extension
3765 =item Documenting your Extension
3767 =item Installing your Extension
3771 =item New Things in this Example
3775 =item New Things in this Example
3777 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3779 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3781 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3783 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3799 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3811 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3813 =item The Argument Stack
3815 =item The RETVAL Variable
3817 =item The MODULE Keyword
3819 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3821 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3823 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3825 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3827 =item The CODE: Keyword
3829 =item The INIT: Keyword
3831 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3833 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3835 =item Default Parameter Values
3837 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3839 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3841 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3843 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3845 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3847 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3849 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3851 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3853 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3855 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3857 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3859 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3861 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3863 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3865 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3867 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3869 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3871 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3873 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3875 =item The CASE: Keyword
3877 =item The & Unary Operator
3879 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3881 =item Using XS With C++
3883 =item Interface Strategy
3885 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3889 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
3891 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
3903 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3913 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3915 =item File Operations
3917 =item File Input and Output
3919 =item File Positioning
3921 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3923 =item Character Class Tests
3925 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3927 =item Miscellaneous functions
3935 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3947 =item What is an "IV"?
3949 =item Working with SVs
3953 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3955 =item Working with AVs
3957 =item Working with HVs
3959 =item Hash API Extensions
3963 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3965 =item Creating New Variables
3967 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3969 =item Stashes and Globs
3971 =item Double-Typed SVs
3973 =item Magic Variables
3975 =item Assigning Magic
3977 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3981 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3983 =item Localizing changes
3985 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3986 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3987 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3988 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3989 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3990 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3991 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3992 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3993 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3994 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4002 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4004 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4006 =item Memory Allocation
4010 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4014 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4024 =item Examining the tree
4026 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4028 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4030 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4032 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4034 =item Pluggable runops
4038 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4040 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4044 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4046 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4048 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4050 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4052 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4056 =item Internal Functions
4058 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4062 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4064 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4066 =item Source Documentation
4070 =item Unicode Support
4074 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4076 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4078 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4080 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4082 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4084 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4088 =item Custom Operators
4096 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4102 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4104 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4106 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4126 =item Determining the Context
4130 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4136 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4138 =item Passing Parameters
4140 =item Returning a Scalar
4142 =item Returning a list of values
4144 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4146 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4150 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4154 =item Using call_argv
4156 =item Using call_method
4160 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4162 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4164 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4165 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4168 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4170 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4182 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4192 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4193 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4194 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4195 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4199 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4201 =item Administration
4203 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4207 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4208 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4216 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4226 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4228 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4230 B<Decryption Filters>
4232 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4234 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4236 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4248 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4256 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4257 B<filter_fetch_value>
4263 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4265 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4275 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4281 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4282 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4283 ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
4284 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK,
4285 dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
4286 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, getcwd_sv, get_av, get_cv, get_hv,
4287 get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number,
4288 grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
4289 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD,
4290 G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV,
4291 HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete,
4292 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4293 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4294 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
4295 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
4296 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
4297 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
4298 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSV, newSViv,
4299 newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv,
4300 newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, new_vstring, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv,
4301 Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_clone, perl_construct,
4302 perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na,
4303 PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx,
4304 POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc,
4305 require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, scan_bin,
4306 scan_hex, scan_oct, sharedsv_find, sharedsv_init, sharedsv_lock,
4307 sharedsv_new, sharedsv_thrcnt_dec, sharedsv_thrcnt_inc, sharedsv_unlock,
4308 sortsv, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ,
4309 strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK,
4310 SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
4311 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK,
4312 SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK,
4313 SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV,
4314 SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen,
4315 SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen,
4316 SvPVX, SvPVx, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT,
4317 SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC,
4318 SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH,
4319 SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE,
4320 SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK,
4321 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVx, SvUVX, sv_2bool,
4322 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4323 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4324 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4325 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4326 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec,
4327 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free,
4328 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
4329 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
4330 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
4331 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
4332 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4333 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4334 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg,
4335 sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv,
4336 sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags,
4337 sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true,
4338 sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
4339 sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
4340 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn,
4341 THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, to_utf8_case, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni,
4342 utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr,
4343 utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
4344 XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
4345 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO,
4346 XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
4355 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4362 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
4363 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena,
4364 sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4372 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4382 =item History and Background
4384 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4386 =item Data Structures
4388 =item Functions and Attributes
4390 =item Per-instance Data
4392 =item Layers in action.
4394 =item Per-instance flag bits
4396 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4397 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4398 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4399 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4401 =item Methods in Detail
4403 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4404 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4405 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
4406 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
4407 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
4408 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
4409 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4410 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4411 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4412 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
4413 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
4414 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
4415 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
4416 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4420 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4422 =item Extension Layers
4424 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4430 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4438 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4439 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4440 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4441 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4442 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4443 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4444 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4445 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4446 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4447 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4448 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4452 =item Co-existence with stdio
4454 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4455 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4457 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4459 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4460 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4461 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4462 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4464 =item Other Functions
4466 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4467 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4473 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4479 =item To do during 5.6.x
4483 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4485 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4487 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4489 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4491 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4495 =item use Thread for iThreads
4497 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4499 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4501 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4503 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4505 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4507 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4509 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4511 =item Complete signal handling
4513 =item Out-of-source builds
4515 =item POSIX realtime support
4517 =item UNIX98 support
4521 =item Long double conversion
4525 =item Thread-safe regexes
4527 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4529 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4531 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4533 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4535 =item Custom opcodes
4537 =item DLL Versioning
4539 =item Introduce @( and @)
4541 =item Floating point handling
4543 =item IV/UV preservation
4545 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4547 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4549 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4551 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4553 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4555 =item Document Win32 choices
4557 =item Check new modules
4559 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4563 =item To do at some point
4567 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4569 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4571 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4573 =item bitfields in pack
4575 =item Cross compilation
4577 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4579 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4581 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4583 =item -i rename file when changed
4585 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4587 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4589 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4591 =item my sub foo { }
4593 =item One-pass global destruction
4595 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4597 =item Cache recently used regexps
4599 =item Re-entrant functions
4601 =item Cross-compilation support
4603 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4605 =item debugger pragma
4607 =item use less pragma
4609 =item switch structures
4611 =item Cache eval tree
4615 =item Shrink opcode tables
4617 =item Optimize away @_
4619 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4623 =item Prototype method calls
4625 =item Return context prototype declarations
4629 =item Garbage collection
4633 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4635 =item Rewrite perldoc
4637 =item Install .3p manpages
4639 =item Unicode tutorial
4641 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4643 =item Retargetable installation
4645 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4647 =item Rename Win32 headers
4649 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4651 =item Update sprintf documentation
4653 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4655 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4663 =item ref() in list context
4665 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4667 =item Compile to real threaded code
4669 =item Structured types
4671 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4673 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4677 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4679 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4683 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4685 =item Constant function cache
4687 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4695 =item Update guts documentation
4697 =item Add more tests
4699 =item Update auxiliary tools
4703 =item Recently done things
4707 =item Safe signal handling
4713 =item setitimer and getimiter
4715 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4717 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4719 =item Explicit switch statements
4727 =item perlcc to produce executable
4729 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4731 =item Secure temporary file module
4733 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4735 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4737 =item Mmap for input
4739 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4741 =item Add sockatmark support
4743 =item Mailing list archives
4747 =item Integrate MacPerl
4749 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4751 =item Regular expression tutorial
4753 =item Debugging Tutorial
4755 =item Integrate new modules
4757 =item Integrate profiler
4759 =item Y2K error detection
4761 =item Regular expression debugger
4765 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4767 =item Cache precompiled modules
4771 =item Deprecated Wishes
4775 =item Loop control on do{}
4777 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4783 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4785 =item Named prototypes
4787 =item Built-in globbing
4789 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4791 =item Cached hash values
4793 =item Add compression modules
4795 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4797 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4799 =item Make XS easier to use
4801 =item Make embedding easier to use
4805 =item my $Package::variable
4807 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4809 =item "class"-based lexicals
4813 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4815 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4817 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4819 =item Create debugging macros
4825 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4831 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4832 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4833 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4834 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4835 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4836 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4837 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4841 =item Keeping in sync
4843 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4844 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4846 =item Why rsync the source tree
4848 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
4850 =item Why rsync the patches
4852 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4853 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4855 =item Perlbug remote interface
4857 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
4858 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
4860 =item Submitting patches
4862 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4863 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4865 =item Finding Your Way Around
4867 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4869 =item Elements of the interpreter
4871 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4873 =item Internal Variable Types
4879 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4881 =item Millions of Macros
4883 =item Poking at Perl
4885 =item Using a source-level debugger
4887 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4888 finish, 'enter', print
4890 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4894 =item Patching a core module
4896 =item Adding a new function to the core
4898 =item Writing a test
4900 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
4901 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
4905 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4909 =item Rational Software's Purify
4911 =item Purify on Unix
4913 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4917 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4919 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4921 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4925 =item Gprof Profiling
4927 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4929 =item GCC gcov Profiling
4931 =item Pixie Profiling
4933 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4938 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4946 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4954 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4966 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4968 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4972 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4976 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
4984 =item Incompatible Changes
4988 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
4990 =item AIX Dynaloading
4992 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
4994 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
4996 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
4998 =item Perl Parser Stress Tested
5000 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5006 =item Core Enhancements
5010 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5012 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5014 =item Unicode Overhaul
5016 =item Understanding of Numbers
5018 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5022 =item Modules and Pragmata
5026 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5028 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5032 =item Utility Changes
5034 =item New Documentation
5036 =item Performance Enhancements
5038 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5042 =item Generic Improvements
5044 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5048 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5052 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5056 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5058 =item Changed Internals
5060 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5064 =item Known Problems
5070 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5072 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5074 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5076 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5078 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5080 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5086 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5088 =item Failure of Thread tests
5096 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5098 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5100 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5102 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5104 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5106 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5108 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5110 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5114 =item Reporting Bugs
5122 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5128 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5130 =item Incompatible Changes
5134 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5136 =item AIX Dynaloading
5138 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5140 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5146 =item Core Enhancements
5148 =item Modules and Pragmata
5152 =item New Modules and Distributions
5154 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5158 =item Utility Changes
5160 =item New Documentation
5162 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5166 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5168 =item Generic Improvements
5172 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5176 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5180 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5182 =item Source Code Enhancements
5186 =item MAGIC constants
5188 =item Better commented code
5190 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5198 =item Known Problems
5204 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5206 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5208 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5210 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5212 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5214 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5218 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5220 =item Failure of Thread tests
5230 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5232 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5234 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5236 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5238 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5240 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5244 =item Reporting Bugs
5252 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5258 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5260 =item Incompatible Changes
5262 =item Core Enhancements
5266 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5268 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5270 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5274 =item Modules and Pragmata
5280 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5284 =item Performance Enhancements
5286 =item Utility Changes
5288 =item New Documentation
5304 =item README.solaris
5308 =item Porting/repository.pod
5312 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5316 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5318 =item Generic Improvements
5320 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5321 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5322 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5326 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5330 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5334 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5336 =item Changed Internals
5340 =item Known Problems
5344 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5346 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5348 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5350 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5354 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5356 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5358 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5360 =item Failure of Thread tests
5362 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5364 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5366 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5368 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5372 =item Reporting Bugs
5380 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5386 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5388 =item Incompatible Changes
5390 =item Core Enhancements
5392 =item Modules and Pragmata
5398 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5402 =item Utility Changes
5404 =item New Documentation
5406 =item Performance Enhancements
5408 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5412 =item Generic Improvements
5416 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5420 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5424 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5426 =item Changed Internals
5428 =item Known Problems
5432 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5434 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5436 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5438 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5440 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5442 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5444 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5446 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5448 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5450 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5454 =item Reporting Bugs
5462 =head2 perl561delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5468 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5472 =item Security Issues
5474 =item Core bug fixes
5476 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5477 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5478 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5479 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5480 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5481 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5486 =item Configuration issues
5490 =item Bundled modules
5492 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5493 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5494 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5495 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5497 =item Platform-specific improvements
5499 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5501 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5503 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5505 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5507 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5509 =item "our" declarations
5511 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5513 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5515 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5517 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5519 =item open() with more than two arguments
5521 =item 64-bit support
5523 =item Large file support
5529 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5531 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5533 =item File globbing implemented internally
5535 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5537 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5539 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5541 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5543 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5545 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5547 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5549 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5551 =item Comments in pack() templates
5553 =item Weak references
5555 =item Binary numbers supported
5557 =item Lvalue subroutines
5559 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5561 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5563 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5565 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5567 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5569 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5571 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5573 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5575 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5577 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5579 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5581 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5583 =item Improved diagnostics
5585 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5587 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5589 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5591 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5593 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5595 =item Improved security features
5597 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5599 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5601 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5603 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5605 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5607 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5609 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5613 =item Modules and Pragmata
5619 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5620 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5621 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5622 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5623 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5624 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5625 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5626 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5632 =item Utility Changes
5646 =item The Perl Debugger
5650 =item Improved Documentation
5652 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5653 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5654 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5655 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5657 =item Performance enhancements
5661 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5663 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5665 =item Faster subroutine calls
5667 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5671 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5675 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5677 =item New Configure flags
5679 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5685 =item -Duselargefiles
5687 =item installusrbinperl
5693 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5695 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
5699 =item Platform specific changes
5703 =item Supported platforms
5707 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5715 =item Significant bug fixes
5719 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5721 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5723 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5725 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5727 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5729 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5731 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5733 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5735 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5737 =item Locale bugs fixed
5741 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5743 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5745 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5747 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5751 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5753 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5754 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5755 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5756 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5757 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5758 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5759 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5760 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5761 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5762 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5763 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5764 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5765 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5766 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5767 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5768 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5769 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5770 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5771 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5772 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5773 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5774 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5775 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5776 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5777 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5778 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5779 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5780 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5781 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5782 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5783 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5784 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5785 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5786 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5787 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5788 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5789 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5790 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5791 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5792 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5793 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5794 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5795 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5796 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5797 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5798 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5799 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5800 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5801 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5802 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5806 =item Incompatible Changes
5810 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5812 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5813 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5814 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5815 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5816 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5817 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5818 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5819 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5820 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5821 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5822 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5824 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5826 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5828 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5830 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5832 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5836 =item Known Problems
5840 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
5842 =item Known test failures
5844 64-bit builds, Failure of Thread tests, NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure,
5845 Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc
5847 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
5849 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5851 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5853 =item Experimental features
5855 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5856 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5857 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5861 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5863 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5864 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5865 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5866 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5868 =item Reporting Bugs
5876 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
5882 =item Core Enhancements
5886 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5888 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5890 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5892 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5894 =item "our" declarations
5896 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5898 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5900 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5902 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5904 =item open() with more than two arguments
5906 =item 64-bit support
5908 =item Large file support
5914 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5916 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5918 =item File globbing implemented internally
5920 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5922 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5924 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5926 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5928 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5930 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5932 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5934 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5936 =item Comments in pack() templates
5938 =item Weak references
5940 =item Binary numbers supported
5942 =item Lvalue subroutines
5944 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5946 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5948 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5950 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5952 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5954 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5956 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5958 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5960 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5962 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5964 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5966 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5968 =item Improved diagnostics
5970 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5972 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5974 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5976 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5978 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5980 =item Improved security features
5982 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5984 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5986 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5988 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5990 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5992 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5994 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5998 =item Modules and Pragmata
6004 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6005 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6006 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6007 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6008 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6009 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6010 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6011 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6017 =item Utility Changes
6031 =item The Perl Debugger
6035 =item Improved Documentation
6037 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6038 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6039 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6040 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6042 =item Performance enhancements
6046 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6048 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6050 =item Faster subroutine calls
6052 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6056 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6060 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6062 =item New Configure flags
6064 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6070 =item -Duselargefiles
6072 =item installusrbinperl
6078 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6082 =item Platform specific changes
6086 =item Supported platforms
6090 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6098 =item Significant bug fixes
6102 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6104 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6106 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6108 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6110 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6112 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6114 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6116 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6118 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6120 =item Locale bugs fixed
6124 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6126 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6128 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6130 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6134 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6136 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6137 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6138 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6139 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6140 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6141 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6142 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6143 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6144 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6145 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6146 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6147 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6148 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6149 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6150 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6151 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6152 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6153 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6154 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6155 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6156 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6157 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6158 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6159 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6160 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6161 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6162 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6163 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6164 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6165 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6166 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6167 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6168 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6169 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6170 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6171 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6172 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6173 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6174 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6175 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6176 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6177 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6178 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6179 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6180 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6181 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6182 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6183 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6184 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6185 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6189 =item Incompatible Changes
6193 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6195 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6196 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6197 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6198 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6199 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6200 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6201 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6202 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6203 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6204 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6205 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6207 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6209 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6211 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6213 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6215 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6219 =item Known Problems
6223 =item Thread test failures
6225 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6227 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6229 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6231 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6234 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6236 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6238 =item Experimental features
6240 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6241 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6242 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6246 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6248 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6249 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6250 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6251 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6253 =item Reporting Bugs
6261 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
6267 =item About the new versioning system
6269 =item Incompatible Changes
6273 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6275 =item Default installation structure has changed
6277 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6279 =item C Source Compatibility
6281 =item Binary Compatibility
6283 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6285 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6299 =item Regular Expressions
6301 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6302 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6303 improvements, Incompatible changes
6305 =item Improved malloc()
6307 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6309 =item Reliable signals
6311 =item Reliable stack pointers
6313 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6317 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6319 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6321 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6323 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6325 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6327 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6329 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6331 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6333 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6335 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6337 =item Better locale support
6339 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6341 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6343 =item Extended support for exception handling
6345 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6347 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6349 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6351 =item New C<lock> keyword
6353 =item New C<qr//> operator
6355 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6357 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6359 =item Tied handles support is better
6361 =item 4th argument to substr
6363 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6365 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6367 =item <> now reads in records
6371 =item Supported Platforms
6377 =item Changes in existing support
6381 =item Modules and Pragmata
6387 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6388 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6389 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6391 =item Changes in existing modules
6393 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6394 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6398 =item Utility Changes
6400 =item Documentation Changes
6402 =item New Diagnostics
6404 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6405 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6406 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6407 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6408 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6409 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6410 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6411 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6412 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6413 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6414 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6415 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6416 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6417 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6418 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6419 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6420 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6422 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6424 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6425 temporary file, regexp too big
6427 =item Configuration Changes
6437 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
6443 =item Supported Environments
6449 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6451 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6453 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6455 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6457 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6459 =item More precise warnings
6461 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6463 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6465 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6467 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6469 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6471 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6473 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6475 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6477 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6479 =item Changes to tainting checks
6481 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6482 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6484 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6486 =item Embedding improvements
6488 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6490 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6492 =item New and changed syntax
6496 =item New and changed builtin constants
6500 =item New and changed builtin variables
6504 =item New and changed builtin functions
6506 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6507 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6508 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6509 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6510 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6512 =item New builtin methods
6514 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6516 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6518 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6519 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6521 =item Malloc enhancements
6523 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6525 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6529 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6545 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6546 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6552 =item Required Updates
6554 =item Installation directories
6556 =item Module information summary
6570 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6574 =item Utility Changes
6580 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6584 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6588 =item C Language API Changes
6590 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6593 =item Documentation Changes
6595 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6596 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6598 =item New Diagnostics
6600 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6601 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6602 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6603 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6604 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6605 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6606 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6607 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6608 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6609 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6610 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6611 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6612 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6613 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6614 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6615 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6616 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6617 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6618 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6619 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6620 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6621 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6622 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6623 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6624 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6634 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6642 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6646 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6648 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
6650 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
6652 =item Using Large Files with Perl
6658 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
6668 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
6678 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
6692 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
6694 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
6696 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
6698 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
6704 =item Accessing documentation
6708 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
6710 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
6712 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
6714 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
6718 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
6722 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
6724 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
6726 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
6728 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
6730 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
6740 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
6748 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
6750 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
6754 =item Contact Information
6760 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
6770 =item gzip on BS2000
6772 =item bison on BS2000
6774 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
6776 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
6778 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
6780 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
6782 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
6784 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
6786 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
6820 =item Acknowledgements
6826 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
6832 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
6836 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
6838 =item Cygwin Configuration
6840 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
6844 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
6848 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
6850 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
6852 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
6853 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
6855 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
6857 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
6858 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
6860 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
6862 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
6866 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
6870 =item Warnings on Cygwin
6876 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
6880 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
6882 =item Hard Links on Cygwin
6884 =item Filetime Granularity on Cygwin
6886 =item Tainting Checks on Cygwin
6888 =item /etc/group on Cygwin
6890 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
6892 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
6896 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
6898 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
6900 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
6901 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
6903 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
6911 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
6923 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
6927 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
6929 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
6931 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
6933 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
6943 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
6951 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
6953 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
6955 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
6957 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
6961 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
6963 =item PATH Names on Epoc
6965 =item Editors on Epoc
6967 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
6969 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
6971 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
6975 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
6983 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
6992 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
6994 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7006 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7008 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7010 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7012 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7014 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7016 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7018 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7020 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7022 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7024 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7026 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7030 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7038 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7046 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7054 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7063 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7065 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7067 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7069 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7079 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7093 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7099 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7105 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7113 =item Binary distribution from HP
7115 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7117 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7119 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7121 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7123 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7125 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7126 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7128 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7132 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7134 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7136 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7138 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7140 =item Perl/iX Change History
7156 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
7168 =item Build new extensions
7172 =item Acknowledgements
7180 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7200 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7202 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7204 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7208 =item Frequently asked questions
7212 =item "It does not work"
7214 =item I cannot run external programs
7216 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7219 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7222 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7224 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7232 =item Automatic binary installation
7234 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7236 =item Manual binary installation
7238 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7239 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7240 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7241 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7242 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7248 =item Accessing documentation
7252 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7260 =item GNU C<info> files
7272 =item The short story
7276 =item Getting perl source
7278 =item Application of the patches
7286 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7289 =item Installing the built perl
7291 =item C<a.out>-style build
7299 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7301 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7303 =item Problems with tr or sed
7305 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7307 =item Library ... not found
7309 =item Segfault in make
7311 =item op/sprintf test failure
7315 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7319 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7323 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7325 =item Additional modules:
7327 =item Prebuilt methods:
7329 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7330 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7331 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7332 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7333 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7334 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7335 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7336 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7337 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7338 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7339 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
7341 =item Prebuilt variables:
7343 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
7349 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7352 =item Identifying DLLs
7354 =item Centralized management of resources
7370 =item F<perl___.exe>
7372 =item Why strange names?
7374 =item Why dynamic linking?
7376 =item Why chimera build?
7384 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7386 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7388 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7390 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7392 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7394 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7404 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7406 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7408 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7411 =item DLL forwarder generation
7415 =item Calls to external programs
7417 =item Memory allocation
7421 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7437 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7450 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7452 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7454 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7456 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7458 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7460 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7462 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7464 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7466 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7468 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7478 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7486 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7494 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7496 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7498 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7500 =item QNX auxiliary files
7504 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7512 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7522 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7524 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7526 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7528 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7532 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7536 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7548 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
7556 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
7562 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
7568 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
7570 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
7572 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
7576 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
7580 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7582 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
7584 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7588 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
7590 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
7591 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
7592 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
7598 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
7600 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7604 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
7606 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
7610 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
7614 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
7616 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
7620 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
7622 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
7624 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
7634 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
7635 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
7643 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
7645 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
7647 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
7649 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
7651 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
7653 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
7657 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
7663 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
7671 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
7673 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
7679 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
7689 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
7691 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
7693 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
7695 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
7697 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
7707 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
7713 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
7721 =item Organization of Perl Images
7727 =item Perl Extensions
7729 =item Installing static extensions
7731 =item Installing dynamic extensions
7735 =item File specifications
7741 =item Wildcard expansion
7747 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
7753 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
7755 =item Command line switches
7761 =item Perl functions
7763 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
7764 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
7765 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
7766 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
7768 =item Perl variables
7770 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
7772 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
7786 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
7794 =item Stratus POSIX Support
7798 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
7802 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
7804 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
7808 =item USING PERL IN VOS
7812 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
7814 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
7818 =item SUPPORT STATUS
7826 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
7828 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7840 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7850 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
7851 data structures between threads
7863 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
7864 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
7874 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
7883 $thread = new(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
7884 threads->self, $thread->tid
7888 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
7891 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
7895 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
7896 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
7902 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
7912 =item Built-in Attributes
7914 locked, method, lvalue
7916 =item Available Subroutines
7920 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
7922 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
7924 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
7932 =item Default exports
7934 =item Available exports
7936 =item Export tags defined
7946 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7958 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
7974 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
7988 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8002 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8015 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8024 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8026 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8028 =item charnames::vianame(code)
8034 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8046 =item List constants
8048 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8050 =item Magic constants
8054 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8064 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8075 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8077 =item The I<splain> Program
8091 =head2 encoding - pragma to control the conversion of legacy data into
8100 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8106 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8120 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8130 =item subpragma access
8136 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8147 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8157 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8167 =item Adding directories to @INC
8169 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8171 =item Restoring original @INC
8181 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8192 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
8200 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8202 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8208 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8220 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8230 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8232 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8234 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8236 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8238 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8240 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8242 =item Overloadable Operations
8244 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8245 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8246 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8248 =item Inheritance and overloading
8250 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8251 is inherited by derived classes
8255 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8263 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8265 =item Copy Constructor
8271 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8273 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8274 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8275 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8278 =item Losing overloading
8280 =item Run-time Overloading
8282 =item Public functions
8284 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8286 =item Overloading constants
8288 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8290 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8292 =item Metaphor clash
8298 =item Two-face scalars
8300 =item Two-face references
8302 =item Symbolic calculator
8304 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8312 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8313 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8319 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8329 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8341 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8343 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8347 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8351 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
8359 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
8369 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
8377 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
8381 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
8391 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8400 $thread = new(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8401 threads->self, $thread->tid
8405 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
8408 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8412 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
8413 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
8419 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
8420 structures between threads
8432 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
8433 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8443 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
8454 =item Utility functions
8456 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
8457 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
8465 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
8475 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
8483 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
8487 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
8495 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
8496 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
8497 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
8498 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
8499 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
8503 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
8513 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
8515 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
8525 =item DBM Comparisons
8535 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
8545 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
8549 =item Typed lexicals
8551 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
8553 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
8555 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
8557 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
8565 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
8566 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
8567 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
8568 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>
8578 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
8588 =item Subroutine Stubs
8590 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
8592 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
8594 =item Package Lexicals
8596 =item Not Using AutoLoader
8598 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
8608 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
8616 $keep, $check, $modtime
8620 =item Multiple packages
8628 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
8636 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
8640 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
8648 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
8662 =item B::PVMG METHODS
8666 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
8668 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
8670 =item B::PVLV METHODS
8672 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
8676 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
8680 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
8681 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
8685 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
8686 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
8690 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
8694 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
8699 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
8701 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
8705 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
8707 =item B::UNOP METHOD
8711 =item B::BINOP METHOD
8715 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
8719 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
8723 =item B::PMOP METHODS
8725 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
8727 =item B::SVOP METHOD
8731 =item B::PADOP METHOD
8735 =item B::PVOP METHOD
8739 =item B::LOOP METHODS
8741 redoop, nextop, lastop
8743 =item B::COP METHODS
8745 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
8749 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
8751 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
8752 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
8753 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
8754 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
8761 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
8774 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
8786 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
8798 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
8808 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
8809 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
8810 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
8820 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
8830 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
8831 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
8841 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
8851 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
8852 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
8853 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
8865 =item Context of ".."
8869 =item Deprecated features
8877 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
8887 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
8888 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
8889 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
8891 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
8893 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
8894 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
8895 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
8896 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
8897 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
8898 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
8899 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
8900 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
8906 =item OP flags abbreviations
8908 =item OP class abbreviations
8912 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
8918 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
8930 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
8940 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
8941 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
8943 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
8953 =item ambient_pragmas
8955 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
8967 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
8979 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
8987 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
8989 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
8990 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
8992 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9002 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9012 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9018 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9030 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9042 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9044 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9056 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9066 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
9074 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9086 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9100 =item Standard Exports
9102 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9103 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9104 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9106 =item Optional Exports
9108 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9109 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9110 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9126 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9130 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9144 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9154 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9155 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9156 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9166 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9178 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9180 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9182 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9184 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9186 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9188 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9190 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9192 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9194 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9196 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9198 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9200 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9202 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9204 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9206 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9208 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9210 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9212 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9213 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9217 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9218 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9221 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9223 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9224 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9229 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9233 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9235 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9237 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9239 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9241 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9243 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9245 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9247 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9248 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9250 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9254 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9258 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9260 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9262 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9264 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9266 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9268 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9269 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9271 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9275 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9279 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9281 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9283 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9285 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9289 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9291 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9293 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9297 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9299 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
9303 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
9307 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
9311 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
9315 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
9319 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
9321 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
9323 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
9327 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
9329 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
9330 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
9332 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
9338 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
9339 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
9341 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
9343 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
9344 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
9347 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
9353 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
9357 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
9359 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
9360 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
9361 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
9362 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
9363 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
9364 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
9366 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
9368 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
9373 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
9375 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
9377 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
9378 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
9380 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
9382 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9386 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
9387 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
9388 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
9389 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
9390 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
9391 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
9392 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
9393 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
9394 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
9395 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
9396 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
9397 ...and many many more..
9399 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
9407 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
9417 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9425 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
9434 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
9436 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
9440 =item Changing the default message
9444 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
9454 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
9462 =item USING CGI::Cookie
9464 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
9468 =item Creating New Cookies
9470 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
9472 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
9474 =item Manipulating Cookies
9476 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
9480 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9488 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
9496 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
9498 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
9500 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
9502 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
9504 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
9506 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
9510 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9518 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
9528 =item Tags that won't be formatted
9530 =item Customizing the Indenting
9542 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
9550 =item USING CGI::Push
9552 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
9556 =item Heterogeneous Pages
9558 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
9562 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
9564 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9572 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
9582 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9590 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
9598 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9604 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
9614 =item Interactive Mode
9616 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
9617 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
9618 distribution, ls author, Signals
9626 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
9628 =item Programmer's interface
9630 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
9632 =item Methods in the other Classes
9634 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
9635 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
9636 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
9637 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
9638 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
9639 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
9640 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
9641 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
9642 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
9643 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
9644 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
9645 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
9646 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
9647 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
9648 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
9649 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
9650 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
9651 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
9652 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
9653 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
9654 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
9655 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
9656 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
9657 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
9658 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
9659 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
9667 =item Finding packages and VERSION
9671 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
9677 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
9678 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
9679 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
9680 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
9684 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
9686 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
9694 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
9696 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
9700 =item Three basic types of firewalls
9702 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
9704 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
9710 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
9722 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
9732 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
9745 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
9755 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
9763 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
9765 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
9775 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
9776 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
9777 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
9779 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
9787 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
9797 =item The C<struct()> function
9799 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
9801 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
9803 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
9804 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
9806 =item Initializing with C<new>
9812 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
9814 =item Author and Modification History
9818 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
9826 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
9838 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
9842 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
9843 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
9844 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
9849 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
9850 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
9854 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
9855 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
9856 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
9857 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
9858 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
9859 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
9863 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
9864 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
9865 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
9866 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
9867 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
9868 C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>,
9869 C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>,
9870 C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>,
9871 C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>,
9872 C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>,
9873 C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
9874 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
9875 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
9876 C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
9877 C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
9878 C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>,
9879 C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>,
9880 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
9881 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>,
9882 C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
9883 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
9884 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
9885 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
9886 C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>,
9887 C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
9888 C<d_htonl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
9889 C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>,
9890 C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
9891 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
9892 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
9893 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
9894 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
9895 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
9896 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
9897 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
9898 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
9899 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
9900 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
9901 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
9902 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
9903 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
9904 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
9905 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
9906 C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>,
9907 C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>,
9908 C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>,
9909 C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>,
9910 C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>,
9911 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
9912 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
9913 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
9914 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>,
9915 C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
9916 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setpwent>,
9917 C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>,
9918 C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
9919 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
9920 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
9921 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
9922 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
9923 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
9924 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
9925 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
9926 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
9927 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>,
9928 C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>,
9929 C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>,
9930 C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
9931 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
9932 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
9933 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
9934 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
9935 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>,
9936 C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
9937 C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>,
9938 C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
9939 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
9940 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
9944 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
9945 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
9949 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
9950 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
9955 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
9956 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
9960 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
9964 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
9965 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
9966 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_fp>,
9967 C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
9968 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
9969 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
9970 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
9971 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
9972 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
9973 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
9974 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
9975 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
9976 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
9977 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
9978 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
9979 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
9980 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
9981 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
9982 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
9983 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
9984 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
9985 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
9986 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
9987 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
9991 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
9995 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
9996 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
9997 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
9998 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
9999 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
10000 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
10004 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10005 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10006 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10010 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10011 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10015 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10016 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10017 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
10018 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10022 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10023 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10027 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10028 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10032 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10033 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10034 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10035 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10039 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10043 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
10044 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10048 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10049 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
10050 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
10051 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
10052 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
10053 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10054 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10055 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10056 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10057 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10058 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
10059 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
10060 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
10061 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10065 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10066 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
10070 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10071 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10072 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10073 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10074 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10075 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10076 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10077 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10078 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10082 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10083 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10084 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10085 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10089 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10093 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10105 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10115 =item getcwd and friends
10117 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10119 =item abs_path and friends
10121 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10133 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10145 =item Global Variables
10147 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10148 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10153 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10154 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10156 =item Client Callback Methods
10158 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10159 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10160 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10170 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10178 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10182 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10184 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10186 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10188 =item Default Parameters
10190 =item In Memory Databases
10198 =item A Simple Example
10206 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10208 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10210 =item The get_dup() Method
10212 =item The find_dup() Method
10214 =item The del_dup() Method
10216 =item Matching Partial Keys
10224 =item The 'bval' Option
10226 =item A Simple Example
10228 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10230 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10231 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10232 length, elements);>
10234 =item Another Example
10238 =item THE API INTERFACE
10240 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10241 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10242 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10243 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10247 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10248 B<filter_fetch_value>
10254 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10256 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10260 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10264 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10266 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10268 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
10270 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
10272 =item The untie() Gotcha
10276 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
10280 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
10282 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
10284 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
10286 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
10306 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
10307 printing and C<eval>
10319 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
10320 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
10321 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
10328 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
10330 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10331 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10332 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10333 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10334 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10335 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10336 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10337 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10338 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10339 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10340 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10341 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10342 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10343 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10344 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
10364 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
10372 =item PROFILE FORMAT
10384 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
10406 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
10416 =item Runtime debugging
10418 =item Memory footprint debugging
10426 =item A simple scalar string
10428 =item A simple scalar number
10430 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
10432 =item A reference to a simple scalar
10434 =item A reference to an array
10436 =item A reference to a hash
10438 =item Dumping a large array or hash
10440 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
10442 =item A reference to a subroutine
10456 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
10466 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
10474 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
10478 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
10479 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
10480 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
10488 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
10498 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
10502 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
10503 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
10515 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
10527 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
10539 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
10540 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
10541 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
10546 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
10547 veryCompact, set, get
10553 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
10561 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
10562 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
10563 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
10564 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
10571 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
10584 =head2 Encode - character encodings
10602 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
10604 =item Types of Encodings
10606 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
10607 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
10609 =item Specifying Encodings
10611 1. By name, 2. As an object
10613 =item Encoding Names
10615 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFCs, The name in the IANA registry, The
10616 name used by the organization that defined it
10620 =item PERL ENCODING API
10624 =item Generic Encoding Interface
10626 =item Handling Malformed Data
10628 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
10632 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
10634 =item Listing available encodings
10636 =item Defining Aliases
10638 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
10641 =item Defining Encodings
10645 =item Encoding and IO
10647 =item Encoding How to ...
10649 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
10650 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
10652 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
10654 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
10656 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
10658 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
10659 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
10663 =item Compiled Encodings
10665 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
10666 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
10674 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
10675 of the Encode extension
10681 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
10689 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
10691 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
10697 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
10705 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
10718 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
10733 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
10749 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
10759 =item How to Export
10761 =item Selecting What To Export
10763 =item Specialised Import Lists
10765 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
10767 =item Module Version Checking
10769 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
10771 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
10773 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
10779 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
10789 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
10810 mv source... destination
10812 cp source... destination
10830 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
10840 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
10850 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
10852 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
10856 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
10864 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
10867 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
10869 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
10871 WriteMakefileSnippet
10873 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
10874 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
10882 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
10894 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
10895 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
10905 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
10915 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
10927 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
10928 packlist(), version()
10936 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
10944 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
10950 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
10960 =item VMS implementation
10962 =item Win32 implementation
10970 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10971 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10979 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
10983 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10984 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11010 test_via_harness (o)
11012 tool_autosplit (override)
11030 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11031 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11045 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11057 =item Preloaded methods
11077 =item SelfLoaded methods
11123 file_name_is_absolute
11129 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
11169 maybe_command_in_dirs
11197 post_initialize (o)
11209 replace_manpage_separator
11223 test_via_harness (o)
11225 test_via_script (o)
11255 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11256 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11266 =item Methods always loaded
11278 =item SelfLoaded methods
11280 guess_name (override)
11284 find_perl (override)
11288 maybe_command (override)
11290 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
11292 perl_script (override)
11294 file_name_is_absolute (override)
11296 replace_manpage_separator
11298 init_others (override)
11300 constants (override)
11304 const_cccmd (override)
11306 pm_to_blib (override)
11308 tool_autosplit (override)
11310 tool_sxubpp (override)
11312 xsubpp_version (override)
11314 tools_other (override)
11324 top_targets (override)
11328 dynamic_lib (override)
11330 dynamic_bs (override)
11332 static_lib (override)
11334 manifypods (override)
11336 processPL (override)
11338 installbin (override)
11340 subdir_x (override)
11344 realclean (override)
11346 dist_basics (override)
11348 dist_core (override)
11350 dist_dir (override)
11352 dist_test (override)
11356 perldepend (override)
11358 makefile (override)
11362 test_via_harness (override)
11364 test_via_script (override)
11366 makeaperl (override)
11368 nicetext (override)
11370 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11371 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11397 test_via_harness (o)
11399 tool_autosplit (override)
11417 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
11427 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
11429 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
11437 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
11441 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
11443 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
11445 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
11447 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
11449 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
11450 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
11451 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
11452 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
11453 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
11454 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
11455 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
11456 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
11457 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
11458 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
11459 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE,
11460 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERM_RW,
11461 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
11462 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PRINT,
11463 PRINT_PREREQ, SKIP, TEST_LIBS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
11464 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
11466 =item Additional lowercase attributes
11468 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
11471 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
11473 =item Hintsfile support
11475 =item Distribution Support
11477 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
11478 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
11479 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
11481 =item Disabling an extension
11487 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
11495 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
11503 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
11507 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
11511 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
11512 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
11516 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
11524 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
11536 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
11546 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
11555 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
11563 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
11575 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
11583 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
11593 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
11605 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
11615 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
11619 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
11627 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
11631 C<basename>, C<dirname>
11635 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
11645 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
11659 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
11669 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
11671 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
11683 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
11693 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
11705 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
11713 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
11714 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
11715 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
11721 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
11729 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
11737 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
11738 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
11739 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
11743 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
11751 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
11763 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
11773 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
11774 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
11775 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
11783 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
11817 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
11835 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
11863 file_name_is_absolute
11885 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
11895 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
11928 file_name_is_absolute
11950 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
11966 =item Methods always loaded
11968 canonpath (override)
11986 case_tolerant (override)
11990 file_name_is_absolute (override)
11992 splitpath (override)
11994 splitdir (override)
12008 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
12038 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
12062 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
12076 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
12086 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
12094 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
12102 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
12104 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
12116 =item Temporary files and NFS
12128 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
12142 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
12154 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
12162 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
12168 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
12182 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
12184 =item All-in-one interface
12186 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
12188 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
12191 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
12193 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
12194 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
12195 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
12197 described in the previous section.
12199 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
12201 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
12213 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
12223 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
12227 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
12229 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
12237 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
12239 =item Example 2: Using the context
12241 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
12243 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
12247 =item Filter::Simple
12255 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
12263 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
12275 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
12291 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
12299 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
12301 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
12305 =item Simple options
12307 =item A little bit less simple options
12309 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
12311 =item Options with values
12313 =item Options with multiple values
12315 =item Options with hash values
12317 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
12319 =item Options with multiple names
12321 =item Case and abbreviations
12323 =item Summary of Option Specifications
12325 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
12329 =item Advanced Possibilities
12333 =item Object oriented interface
12335 =item Documentation and help texts
12337 =item Storing options in a hash
12341 =item The lonesome dash
12343 =item Argument callback
12347 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
12349 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
12350 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
12351 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
12352 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
12353 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
12355 =item Return values and Errors
12361 =item Default destinations
12363 =item Alternative option starters
12365 =item Configuration variables
12369 =item Trouble Shooting
12373 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
12375 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
12378 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
12380 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
12386 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12390 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
12401 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
12412 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
12423 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
12425 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
12427 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
12429 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
12431 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
12433 the function super_languages($lang1)
12435 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
12437 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
12439 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
12441 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
12445 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
12447 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
12457 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
12465 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
12467 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
12469 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
12470 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
12471 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
12472 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
12473 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
12474 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
12475 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
12476 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
12477 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
12478 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
12479 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
12480 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
12481 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
12482 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
12483 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
12484 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
12485 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
12486 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
12487 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
12488 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
12489 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
12490 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
12491 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
12492 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
12493 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
12494 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
12495 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
12496 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
12497 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
12498 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
12499 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
12500 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
12501 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
12502 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
12503 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
12504 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
12505 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
12506 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
12507 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
12508 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
12509 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
12510 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
12511 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
12512 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
12513 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
12514 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
12515 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
12516 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
12517 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
12518 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
12519 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
12520 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
12521 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
12522 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
12523 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
12524 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
12525 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
12526 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
12527 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
12528 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
12529 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
12530 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
12531 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
12532 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
12533 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
12534 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
12535 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
12536 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
12537 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
12538 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
12539 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
12540 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
12541 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
12542 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
12543 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
12544 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
12545 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
12546 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
12547 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
12548 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
12549 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
12550 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
12551 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
12552 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
12553 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
12554 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
12555 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
12556 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
12557 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
12558 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
12559 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
12560 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
12561 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
12562 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
12563 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
12564 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
12565 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
12566 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
12567 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
12568 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
12569 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
12570 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
12571 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
12572 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
12573 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
12574 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
12575 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
12576 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
12577 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
12578 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
12579 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
12580 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
12581 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
12582 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
12583 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
12584 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
12585 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
12586 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
12587 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
12591 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12597 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
12615 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
12619 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
12629 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
12637 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
12638 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
12648 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
12658 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
12662 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
12670 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
12680 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
12684 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
12685 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
12686 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
12687 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
12699 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
12709 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
12713 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
12723 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
12733 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
12734 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
12744 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
12752 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
12753 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
12762 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
12772 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
12776 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
12777 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
12778 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
12788 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
12802 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
12803 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
12813 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
12829 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
12842 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
12856 hostpath(), peerpath()
12866 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
12875 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
12876 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
12886 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
12896 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
12900 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
12908 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
12919 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
12923 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
12924 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
12925 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
12926 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
12938 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
12948 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
12952 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
12962 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
12972 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
12973 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
12983 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
12992 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
12993 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
13002 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
13013 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
13017 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
13018 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
13019 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
13029 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
13044 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
13045 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
13055 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
13056 AF_INET domain sockets
13072 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
13085 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
13086 AF_UNIX domain sockets
13100 hostpath(), peerpath()
13110 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
13120 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
13121 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
13132 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
13146 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
13159 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
13169 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
13170 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
13171 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
13182 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
13200 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
13210 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
13211 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
13222 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
13233 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
13234 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
13235 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
13246 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
13254 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
13255 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
13257 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
13263 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
13264 general-utility list subroutines
13272 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
13273 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
13275 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
13281 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
13282 general-utility scalar subroutines
13290 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
13291 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
13299 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
13307 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13311 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
13319 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
13331 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
13337 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13339 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
13340 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
13346 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13348 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
13354 =item CODE ALIASING
13364 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13368 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
13369 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
13370 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
13371 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
13379 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
13380 identification (ISO 4217)
13398 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13400 code2currency(), currency2code()
13406 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13408 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
13416 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13420 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
13428 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
13445 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
13447 code2language(), language2code()
13453 =item QUERY ROUTINES
13455 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
13463 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
13467 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
13468 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
13476 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
13484 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
13490 =item Construction Methods
13492 =item The "maketext" Method
13494 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
13496 =item Utility Methods
13498 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
13499 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
13500 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
13501 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
13503 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
13507 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
13509 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
13511 =item BRACKET NOTATION
13513 =item AUTO LEXICONS
13515 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
13517 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
13521 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13527 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
13535 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
13539 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
13541 =item The Linguistic View
13543 =item Breaking gettext
13545 =item Replacing gettext
13547 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
13549 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
13551 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
13553 =item Buzzword: Concision
13555 =item The Devil in the Details
13557 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
13565 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
13573 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
13577 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
13585 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
13586 of quoted-printable strings
13594 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
13600 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
13609 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
13615 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
13625 =item Canonical notation
13629 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
13631 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
13635 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
13636 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
13644 =item Autocreating constants
13650 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
13658 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
13666 Canonical notation, Input, Output
13668 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
13678 =item Rounding mode R
13680 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
13681 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
13682 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
13695 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
13701 use Math::BigInt qw(bstr);
13703 =item Autocreating constants
13709 =item Alternative math libraries
13715 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
13719 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
13720 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
13731 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
13741 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
13745 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
13747 the same terms as Perl itself.
13755 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
13768 =item STRINGIFICATION
13772 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
13778 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
13780 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
13788 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
13796 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
13802 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
13804 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
13808 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
13810 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
13814 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
13816 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
13818 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
13819 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
13823 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
13829 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
13839 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
13857 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
13859 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
13863 =item OTHER FACILITIES
13869 =item C<flush_cache>
13875 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
13877 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
13885 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
13891 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
13900 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
13911 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
13923 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
13931 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
13939 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
13948 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
13957 =head2 Memoize::Saves - Plug-in module to specify which return values
13974 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
13982 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
13990 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13996 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14000 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14004 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
14014 =item Enforcing redispatch
14016 =item Avoiding repetitions
14022 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
14028 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
14038 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
14041 =item CLASS METHODS
14043 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
14044 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
14045 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
14055 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
14065 requires_firewall HOST
14067 =item NetConfig VALUES
14069 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
14070 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
14071 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
14075 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
14084 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
14092 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
14104 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
14108 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
14109 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
14110 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
14111 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
14112 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
14113 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
14114 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
14115 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
14116 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
14117 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
14118 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
14119 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
14120 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
14124 =item Methods for the adventurous
14130 =item THE dataconn CLASS
14132 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
14133 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
14135 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
14137 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
14139 =item REPORTING BUGS
14147 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
14155 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
14165 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
14169 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
14170 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
14171 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
14172 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
14173 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
14178 =item Extension methods
14180 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
14181 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
14182 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
14183 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
14192 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
14202 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
14214 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
14218 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
14219 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
14220 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
14221 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
14233 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
14245 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
14246 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();,
14247 pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
14261 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
14273 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
14277 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
14278 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
14279 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
14280 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
14281 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
14282 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
14293 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
14301 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
14302 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
14310 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
14327 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
14335 =item Where to get this document
14337 =item How to contribute to this document
14341 =item Author and Copyright Information
14349 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
14353 =item What is libnet ?
14355 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
14357 =item What other modules do I need ?
14359 =item What machines support libnet ?
14361 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
14365 =item Using Net::FTP
14369 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
14371 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
14373 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
14375 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
14378 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
14380 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
14382 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
14384 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
14386 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
14388 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
14391 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
14393 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
14396 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
14399 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
14403 =item Using Net::SMTP
14407 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
14410 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
14412 =item The verify method always returns true ?
14416 =item Debugging scripts
14420 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
14424 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
14428 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
14445 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
14460 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
14477 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
14485 =item THE .netrc FILE
14487 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
14492 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
14496 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
14506 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
14516 =item IMPLEMENTATION
14522 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
14530 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14536 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14540 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14544 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
14556 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
14558 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
14559 or optag, an operator set (opset)
14561 =item Opcode Functions
14563 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
14564 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
14565 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
14568 =item Manipulating Opsets
14570 =item TO DO (maybe)
14576 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
14578 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
14579 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
14580 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
14589 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
14598 a new namespace, an operator mask
14604 =item RECENT CHANGES
14606 =item Methods in class Safe
14608 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
14609 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
14610 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
14611 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
14613 =item Some Safety Issues
14615 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
14623 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
14636 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
14650 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
14651 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
14652 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
14653 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
14654 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
14655 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
14656 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
14657 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
14658 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
14659 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
14660 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
14661 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
14662 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
14663 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
14664 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
14665 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
14666 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
14667 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
14668 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
14669 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
14670 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
14671 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
14672 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
14673 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
14674 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
14681 =item POSIX::SigAction
14685 =item POSIX::SigSet
14687 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
14689 =item POSIX::Termios
14691 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
14692 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
14693 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
14694 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
14695 values, c_oflag field values
14699 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
14703 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
14707 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
14765 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
14774 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
14778 =item Defaults and how to override them
14788 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
14798 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
14806 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
14807 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
14808 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
14809 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
14810 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
14811 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
14812 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
14816 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
14822 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
14828 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
14834 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
14846 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
14847 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
14848 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
14849 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
14850 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
14851 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
14852 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
14853 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
14858 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
14859 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
14860 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
14861 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
14862 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
14863 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
14867 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
14868 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
14880 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
14882 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
14885 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
14887 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
14889 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
14891 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
14893 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
14901 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
14913 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
14915 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
14922 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
14928 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
14930 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
14937 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
14949 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
14959 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
14960 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
14975 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
14988 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
14989 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
14995 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
15019 =item B<was_cutting()>
15025 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
15031 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
15037 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
15043 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
15049 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15055 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
15061 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
15067 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
15073 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
15079 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
15085 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
15091 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
15097 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
15103 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
15109 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
15115 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15121 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
15127 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
15133 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
15139 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
15145 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
15151 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
15157 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
15163 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
15169 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
15175 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
15181 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
15187 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15193 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
15205 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
15217 =item OBJECT METHODS
15225 =item Data Accessors
15241 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
15243 B<StartWithNewPage>
15257 =item Subclassed methods
15271 B<interior_sequence>
15287 =item Methods for headings
15295 =item Internal methods
15301 B<_replace_special_chars>
15303 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
15309 B<_clean_latex_commands>
15311 B<_split_delimited>
15327 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
15335 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
15340 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
15341 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
15342 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
15353 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15357 =head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
15367 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15371 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
15385 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
15393 $list-E<gt>indent()
15401 $list-E<gt>parent()
15407 =item Pod::Hyperlink
15409 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
15413 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
15415 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
15419 $link-E<gt>warning()
15421 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
15427 $link-E<gt>alttext()
15437 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
15443 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
15447 =item Pod::Cache::Item
15449 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
15453 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
15455 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
15457 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
15459 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
15461 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
15463 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
15465 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
15475 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
15487 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15489 =item PARSING OPTIONS
15491 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
15492 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
15498 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
15506 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15512 =item B<verbatim()>
15514 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15520 =item B<textblock()>
15522 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
15528 =item B<interior_sequence()>
15534 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
15546 =item B<initialize()>
15552 =item B<begin_pod()>
15558 =item B<begin_input()>
15564 =item B<end_input()>
15576 =item B<preprocess_line()>
15582 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
15588 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
15594 =item B<parse_text()>
15596 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
15597 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
15598 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
15604 =item B<interpolate()>
15610 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
15616 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
15622 =item B<parse_from_file()>
15628 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
15634 =item B<errorsub()>
15646 =item B<parseopts()>
15652 =item B<output_file()>
15658 =item B<output_handle()>
15664 =item B<input_file()>
15670 =item B<input_handle()>
15676 =item B<input_streams()>
15682 =item B<top_stream()>
15688 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
15694 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
15700 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
15706 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
15714 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
15734 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
15747 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
15749 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
15755 =item OBJECT METHODS
15761 =item B<curr_headings()>
15773 =item B<add_selection()>
15779 =item B<clear_selections()>
15785 =item B<match_section()>
15791 =item B<is_selected()>
15797 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
15803 =item B<podselect()>
15805 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
15811 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
15817 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
15823 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
15829 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
15841 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
15849 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
15853 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
15854 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph
15855 "%s", %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
15866 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15870 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
15884 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15888 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
15903 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15907 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
15908 text with format escapes
15922 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15926 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
15935 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
15944 =item Recommended Use
15952 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
15956 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
15963 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
15967 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
15971 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
15975 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
15981 =item OVER AND ITEMS
15983 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
15986 =item FORMATTING CODES
15988 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
15994 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
16002 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16008 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16012 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16016 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
16024 a new namespace, an operator mask
16030 =item RECENT CHANGES
16032 =item Methods in class Safe
16034 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16035 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16036 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16037 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16039 =item Some Safety Issues
16041 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16049 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
16057 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
16058 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
16066 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
16076 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
16086 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
16096 =item The __DATA__ token
16098 =item SelfLoader autoloading
16100 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
16102 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
16104 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
16106 =item Classes and inherited methods.
16110 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
16114 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
16124 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
16132 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
16133 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
16141 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
16142 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
16143 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
16144 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
16145 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
16149 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
16159 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
16163 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
16165 =item ERROR REPORTING
16173 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
16178 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
16179 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
16203 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
16217 =item Allowing fall-through
16219 =item Automating fall-through
16221 =item Alternative syntax
16223 =item Higher-order Operations
16239 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
16249 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
16261 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
16262 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
16270 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
16271 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
16282 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
16283 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
16291 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
16292 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
16303 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
16313 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
16314 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
16315 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
16319 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
16333 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
16349 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
16351 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
16353 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
16355 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
16363 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16371 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
16379 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
16389 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
16390 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
16398 =item Minimal set of supported functions
16400 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
16401 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
16403 =item Additional supported functions
16405 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
16415 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
16441 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
16445 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
16455 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
16475 =item Setting up tests
16491 =item Running tests
16497 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
16515 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
16527 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
16531 =item Test Status and Info
16539 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
16561 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
16571 =item The test script output
16573 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
16574 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
16575 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
16579 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
16604 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
16605 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
16606 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
16607 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
16611 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
16612 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
16627 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
16637 =item I love it when a plan comes together
16647 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
16675 =item Conditional tests
16685 =item Comparison functions
16701 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
16703 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family have some caveats, Test::Harness
16716 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
16740 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
16749 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
16757 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
16759 =item Where to start?
16763 =item Test the manual
16765 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
16767 =item Testing lots of values
16769 =item Informative names
16771 =item Skipping tests
16775 =item Testing with taint mode.
16787 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
16799 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
16809 =item General behaviour in list contexts
16813 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
16815 =item A note about prefixes
16817 =item C<extract_delimited>
16819 =item C<extract_bracketed>
16821 =item C<extract_tagged>
16823 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
16824 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
16826 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
16828 =item C<extract_quotelike>
16830 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
16832 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
16834 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
16836 =item C<extract_codeblock>
16838 =item C<extract_multiple>
16840 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
16846 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
16847 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
16848 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
16849 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
16850 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
16851 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
16852 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
16853 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
16854 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
16855 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
16856 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
16857 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
16862 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
16868 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
16883 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
16900 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
16915 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
16931 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl
16943 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
16944 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
16945 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
16949 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
16957 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
16965 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
16967 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
16973 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
16981 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
16983 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
16987 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
16999 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
17009 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
17017 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
17018 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
17019 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
17020 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
17028 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
17037 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
17038 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
17039 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
17040 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
17042 =item MORE INFORMATION
17044 =item COMPATIBILITY
17048 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
17056 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
17057 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
17061 =item MORE INFORMATION
17065 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
17083 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
17092 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
17094 =item MORE INFORMATION
17098 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
17110 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
17119 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
17120 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
17121 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
17122 getitimer ( $which )
17138 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
17146 =item IMPLEMENTATION
17152 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
17167 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
17182 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
17194 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
17202 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
17203 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
17207 =head2 Unicode::Collate - use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
17217 =item Constructor and Tailoring
17219 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
17220 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
17221 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
17223 =item Other methods
17225 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
17226 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
17227 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
17228 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
17229 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
17230 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
17231 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
17232 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
17244 Unicode Collation Algorithm - Unicode TR #10, L<Unicode::Normalize>
17248 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - normalized forms of Unicode text
17256 C<$string_NFD = NFD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFC = NFC($raw_string)>,
17257 C<$string_NFKD = NFKD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFKC = NFKC($raw_string)>,
17258 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $raw_string)>
17270 L<Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util>, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/
17274 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
17316 =item Blocks versus Scripts
17318 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
17320 =item Code Point Arguments
17346 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
17352 =item Implementation Note
17364 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
17379 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
17390 =item System Specifics
17404 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
17412 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
17414 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
17415 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
17416 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
17417 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
17418 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
17419 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
17420 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
17421 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
17422 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
17423 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
17424 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
17425 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
17426 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
17427 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
17428 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
17429 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
17435 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
17453 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
17465 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
17467 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
17468 don't all have manual pages yet:
17494 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles