4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
50 =item Running Perl programs
52 =item Basic syntax overview
54 =item Perl variable types
56 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
58 =item Variable scoping
60 =item Conditional and looping constructs
62 if, while, for, foreach
64 =item Builtin operators and functions
66 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
71 =item Regular expressions
73 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
74 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
76 =item Writing subroutines
80 =item Using Perl modules
88 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2001/10/16
97 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
99 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
101 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
103 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
105 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
107 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
109 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
111 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
113 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
115 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
119 =item About the perlfaq documents
123 =item Where to get the perlfaq
125 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
127 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
134 =item Author and Copyright Information
138 =item Bundled Distributions
146 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
147 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
148 Initial Release: 11/March/97
152 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
160 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
170 =item Simple statements
172 =item Compound statements
180 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
184 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
186 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
192 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
206 =item Scalar value constructors
208 =item List value constructors
212 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
220 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
230 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
232 =item The Arrow Operator
234 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
238 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
240 =item Binding Operators
242 =item Multiplicative Operators
244 =item Additive Operators
246 =item Shift Operators
248 =item Named Unary Operators
250 =item Relational Operators
252 =item Equality Operators
256 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
258 =item C-style Logical And
260 =item C-style Logical Or
262 =item Range Operators
264 =item Conditional Operator
266 =item Assignment Operators
270 =item List Operators (Rightward)
276 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
278 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
280 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
282 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
284 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
286 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
287 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
288 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
289 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
291 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
293 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
294 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
295 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
296 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
301 =item Constant Folding
303 =item Bitwise String Operators
305 =item Integer Arithmetic
307 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
315 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
325 =item Private Variables via my()
327 =item Persistent Private Variables
329 =item Temporary Values via local()
331 =item Lvalue subroutines
333 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
335 =item When to Still Use local()
337 =item Pass by Reference
341 =item Constant Functions
343 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
347 =item Subroutine Attributes
355 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
363 =item Perl Functions by Category
365 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
366 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
367 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
368 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
369 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
370 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
371 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
372 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
373 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
374 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
379 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
381 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
382 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
383 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
384 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
385 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
386 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
387 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
388 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
389 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
390 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
391 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
392 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
393 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
394 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
395 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
396 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
397 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
398 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
399 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
400 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
401 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
402 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
403 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
404 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
405 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
406 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
407 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
408 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
409 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
410 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
411 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
412 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST,
413 open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR
414 : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
415 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
416 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
417 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
418 qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
419 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
420 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
421 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
422 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
423 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
424 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
425 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
426 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
427 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
428 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
429 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
430 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
431 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
432 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
433 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
434 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
435 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
436 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
437 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
438 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
439 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
440 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
441 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
442 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
443 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
444 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
445 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
446 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
447 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
448 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
449 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
450 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
451 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
452 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
458 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
464 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
472 =item Making References
474 =item Using References
492 =item Distribution Conditions
498 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
504 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
505 more elaborate constructs
509 =item COMMON MISTAKES
511 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
513 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
519 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
523 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
525 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
527 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
531 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
535 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
537 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
539 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
543 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
547 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
549 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
551 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
555 =item HASHES OF HASHES
559 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
561 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
563 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
567 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
571 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
573 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
575 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
587 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
597 =item Simple word matching
599 =item Using character classes
601 =item Matching this or that
603 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
605 =item Extracting matches
607 =item Matching repetitions
611 =item Search and replace
613 =item The split operator
621 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
625 =item Acknowledgments
631 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
639 =item Verbatim Paragraph
641 =item Command Paragraph
643 =item Ordinary Block of Text
647 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
649 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
659 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
667 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
685 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
687 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
688 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
689 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
690 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
692 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
694 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
695 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
696 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
700 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
702 =item Numerical Traps
704 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
706 =item General data type traps
708 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
709 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
711 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
713 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
715 =item Precedence Traps
717 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
720 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
722 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
723 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
726 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
728 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
734 =item Interpolation Traps
736 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
737 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
743 =item Unclassified Traps
745 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
752 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
762 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
764 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
766 =item Location of Perl
768 =item Command Switches
770 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
771 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
772 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
773 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
774 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
775 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
782 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
783 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
784 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
788 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
796 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
804 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
806 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
808 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
812 =item Backward Compatibility
814 =item Category Hierarchy
818 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
830 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
838 =item Looking at data and -w and w
842 =item Stepping through code
844 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
846 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
864 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
870 =item The Perl Debugger
874 =item Debugger Commands
876 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
877 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
878 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
879 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
880 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
881 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
882 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
883 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
884 cmd, @ file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man
887 =item Configurable Options
889 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
890 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
891 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
892 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
893 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
894 C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
896 =item Debugger input/output
898 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
901 =item Debugging compile-time statements
903 =item Debugger Customization
905 =item Readline Support
907 =item Editor Support for Debugging
909 =item The Perl Profiler
913 =item Debugging regular expressions
915 =item Debugging memory usage
923 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
931 =item Predefined Names
933 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
934 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
935 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
936 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
937 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
938 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
939 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
940 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
941 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
942 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
943 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
944 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
945 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
946 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
947 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
948 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
949 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
950 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
951 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
952 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR,
953 $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID,
954 $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID,
955 $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $],
956 $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H,
957 $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04,
958 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
959 $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION,
960 $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS},
961 $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV,
962 $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
964 =item Error Indicators
966 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
974 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
982 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
984 =item Growing Your Own
986 =item Access and Printing
998 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1004 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1012 =item The Minus File
1014 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1020 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1024 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1028 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1032 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1034 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1036 =item Paths as Opens
1038 =item Single Argument Open
1040 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1044 =item Other I/O Issues
1048 =item Opening Non-File Files
1058 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1064 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1070 =item Part 1: The basics
1074 =item Simple word matching
1076 =item Using character classes
1078 =item Matching this or that
1080 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1082 =item Extracting matches
1084 =item Matching repetitions
1086 =item Building a regexp
1088 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1092 =item Part 2: Power tools
1096 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1098 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1100 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1102 =item Non-capturing groupings
1104 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1106 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1108 =item Conditional expressions
1110 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1112 =item Pragmas and debugging
1120 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1124 =item Acknowledgments
1130 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1140 =item Regular Expressions
1142 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1144 =item Extended Patterns
1146 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1147 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1148 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1149 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1153 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1155 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1157 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1159 =item Combining pieces together
1161 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1162 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1163 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1164 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1166 =item Creating custom RE engines
1176 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1186 =item Making References
1188 =item Using References
1190 =item Symbolic references
1192 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1194 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1196 =item Function Templates
1206 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1214 =item Format Variables
1224 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1232 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1240 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1242 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1244 =item Invoking a barnyard
1246 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1248 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1250 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1252 =item A few notes about @ISA
1254 =item Overriding the methods
1256 =item Starting the search from a different place
1258 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1260 =item Where we're at so far...
1262 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1264 =item Invoking an instance method
1266 =item Accessing the instance data
1268 =item How to build a horse
1270 =item Inheriting the constructor
1272 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1274 =item Adding parameters to a method
1276 =item More interesting instances
1278 =item A horse of a different color
1290 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1296 =item Creating a Class
1300 =item Object Representation
1302 =item Class Interface
1304 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1306 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1310 =item Other Object Methods
1318 =item Accessing Class Data
1320 =item Debugging Methods
1322 =item Class Destructors
1324 =item Documenting the Interface
1334 =item Overridden Methods
1336 =item Multiple Inheritance
1338 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1342 =item Alternate Object Representations
1346 =item Arrays as Objects
1348 =item Closures as Objects
1352 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1356 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1358 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1362 =item Metaclassical Tools
1368 =item Data Members as Variables
1376 =item Object Terminology
1382 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1388 =item Acknowledgments
1394 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1400 =item Class Data in a Can
1402 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1406 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1408 =item Inheritance Concerns
1410 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1412 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1414 =item Monadic Classes
1416 =item Translucent Attributes
1420 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1424 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1426 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1428 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1430 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1432 =item Translucency Revisited
1440 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1442 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1448 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1456 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1458 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1460 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1462 =item Method Invocation
1464 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1466 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1468 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1474 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1482 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1488 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1490 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1492 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1494 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1496 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1498 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1500 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1502 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1504 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1506 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1512 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1524 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1529 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1530 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1531 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1532 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1537 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1538 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1539 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1541 =item Tying FileHandles
1543 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1544 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1549 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1561 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1562 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1578 =item Using open() for IPC
1584 =item Background Processes
1586 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1588 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1590 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1592 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1596 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1600 =item Internet Line Terminators
1602 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1604 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1608 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1612 =item A Simple Client
1614 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1616 =item A Webget Client
1618 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1622 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1624 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1626 =item UDP: Message Passing
1640 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1650 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1652 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1653 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1654 files, directories and network sockets
1656 =item Resource limits
1658 =item Killing the parent process
1660 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1662 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1664 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1665 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1666 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1678 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1686 =item Storing numbers
1688 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1690 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1692 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1693 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1694 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1703 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1711 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1717 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1719 =item Threaded Program Models
1731 =item Native threads
1733 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1735 =item Threadsafe Modules
1741 =item Basic Thread Support
1743 =item Creating Threads
1745 =item Giving up control
1747 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1749 =item Errors In Threads
1751 =item Ignoring A Thread
1755 =item Threads And Data
1759 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1761 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1763 =item Controlling access: lock()
1765 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1767 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1771 =item Threads And Code
1775 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1777 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1779 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1781 =item Subroutine Locks
1785 =item Locking A Subroutine
1789 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1793 =item What Thread Am I In?
1797 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1799 =item What Threads Are Running?
1803 =item A Complete Example
1811 =item Introductory Texts
1813 =item OS-Related References
1815 =item Other References
1819 =item Acknowledgements
1827 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1833 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1842 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1844 =item Files and Filesystems
1846 =item System Interaction
1848 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1850 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1852 =item Standard Modules
1856 =item Character sets and character encoding
1858 =item Internationalisation
1860 =item System Resources
1870 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1871 http://testers.cpan.org/
1879 =item DOS and Derivatives
1887 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1895 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1899 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1901 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1902 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1903 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1904 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1905 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1906 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1907 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1908 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1909 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1910 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1911 endprotoent, endservent, exit EXPR, exit, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,
1912 glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
1913 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
1914 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
1915 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
1916 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
1917 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1918 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1919 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1920 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1921 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1922 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1923 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1924 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1925 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1931 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
1932 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
1933 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
1934 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
1935 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
1936 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
1938 =item Supported Platforms
1942 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1948 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1955 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1961 =item The use locale pragma
1963 =item The setlocale function
1965 =item Finding locales
1967 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1969 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1971 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1973 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1975 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1977 =item The localeconv function
1979 =item I18N::Langinfo
1983 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1987 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1989 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1991 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1993 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1997 =item Other categories
2005 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2006 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2012 =item Backward compatibility
2014 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2016 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2018 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2020 =item Freely available locale definitions
2024 =item An imperfect standard
2032 =item Broken systems
2042 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2050 =item Important Caveats
2052 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2053 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2055 =item Byte and Character semantics
2057 =item Effects of character semantics
2063 =item Character encodings for input and output
2069 =item UNICODE REGULAR EXPRESSION SUPPORT LEVEL
2075 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2081 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2089 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2093 =item 13 variant characters
2101 =item Unicode and UTF
2105 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2107 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2109 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2123 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2125 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2127 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2129 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2137 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2139 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2141 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2143 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2147 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2151 =item URL decoding and encoding
2153 =item uu encoding and decoding
2155 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2157 =item Caesarian ciphers
2161 =item Hashing order and checksums
2165 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2177 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2197 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2205 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2207 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2209 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2213 =item Protecting Your Programs
2221 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2233 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2239 =item Making your module threadsafe
2247 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2257 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2258 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2272 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2278 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2282 =item Pragmatic Modules
2284 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2285 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2286 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, threads, utf8, vars, warnings,
2289 =item Standard Modules
2291 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2292 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2293 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2294 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2295 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2296 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2297 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2298 Dumpvalue, Encode, Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env,
2299 Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant,
2300 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2301 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
2302 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
2303 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
2304 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
2305 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
2306 File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2307 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2308 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2309 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate,
2310 I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
2311 Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
2312 Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
2313 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2314 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
2315 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
2316 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Saves, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2317 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2318 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2319 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2320 PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX,
2321 Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select,
2322 Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap,
2323 Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell,
2324 Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
2325 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Test::More,
2326 Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
2327 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array,
2328 Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash,
2329 Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL,
2330 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Unicode::UCD, User::grent,
2333 =item Extension Modules
2345 =item Central America
2357 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2361 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2363 Adding a Copyright Notice
2365 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2367 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2375 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2381 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2385 =item Before you start
2393 =item Release considerations
2397 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2401 =item Has it been done before?
2403 =item Do one thing and do it well
2405 =item What's in a name?
2409 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2413 =item To OO or not to OO?
2415 =item Designing your API
2417 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2418 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2421 =item Strictness and warnings
2423 =item Backwards compatibility
2425 =item Error handling and messages
2429 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2435 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2439 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2443 =item Version numbering
2445 =item Pre-requisites
2455 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2459 =item Reinventing the wheel
2461 =item Trying to do too much
2463 =item Inappropriate documentation
2469 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2470 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2476 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2486 =item What should I make into a module?
2488 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2490 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2492 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2494 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2495 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2496 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2498 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2500 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2501 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2511 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.1 $, $Date:
2512 2001/09/20 03:03:00 $)
2522 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2524 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2526 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2528 =item What is perl6?
2530 =item How stable is Perl?
2532 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2534 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2537 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2539 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2541 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2543 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2545 =item What is a JAPH?
2547 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2549 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2550 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2554 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2558 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.2 $,
2559 $Date: 2001/10/16 13:27:22 $)
2567 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2569 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2571 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2573 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2576 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2577 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2579 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2580 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2582 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2584 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2586 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2588 =item Where should I post source code?
2592 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2594 =item Perl in Magazines
2596 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2598 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2600 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2602 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2604 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2606 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2610 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2614 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2001/10/17
2623 =item How do I do (anything)?
2625 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2627 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2629 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2631 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2633 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2635 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2637 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2639 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2641 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2642 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2643 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2645 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2647 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2649 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2651 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2653 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2655 =item What is undump?
2657 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2659 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2661 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
2662 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
2664 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2666 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2668 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2670 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2672 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2674 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2676 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2678 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2680 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2682 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2684 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2686 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2687 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2689 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2692 =item What's MakeMaker?
2696 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2700 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.5 $, $Date: 2001/10/12
2711 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2712 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2714 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2716 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2719 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2721 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2723 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2725 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2727 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2729 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2737 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2739 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2741 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2743 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2745 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2747 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2749 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2757 =item How do I validate input?
2759 =item How do I unescape a string?
2761 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2763 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2765 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2767 =item How do I reverse a string?
2769 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2771 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2773 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2775 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2777 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2780 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2782 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2783 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2785 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2787 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2789 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2791 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2793 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2795 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2797 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2799 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2800 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2809 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2811 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2813 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2817 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
2820 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2821 intersection of two arrays?
2823 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2825 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2827 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2829 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2831 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2833 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2835 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2837 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2839 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2841 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2843 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2847 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2851 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2853 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2856 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2858 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2860 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2862 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2864 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2866 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2868 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2870 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2872 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2874 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2876 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2879 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2880 array of hashes or arrays?
2882 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2890 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2892 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2894 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2896 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2898 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2900 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2902 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2906 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2910 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date: 2001/10/16
2919 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2921 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2922 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2924 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2926 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2928 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2930 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2931 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2933 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2935 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2937 =item How can I write() into a string?
2939 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2941 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2943 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2945 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2947 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2949 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2951 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2953 =item How can I lock a file?
2955 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2957 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2958 the file. How can I do this?
2960 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
2961 file. Do I still have to use locking?
2963 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2965 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2967 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2969 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2971 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2973 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2975 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2977 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2979 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2981 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2983 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2985 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2986 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2988 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2990 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2991 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2993 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2995 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2999 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3003 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date: 2001/10/16 13:27:22 $)
3011 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3012 and unmaintainable code?
3014 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3016 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3018 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3021 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3023 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3026 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3028 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3030 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3032 =item What is C</o> really for?
3034 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3037 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3039 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3041 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3043 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3045 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3047 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3049 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3051 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3053 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3055 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3057 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3059 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3061 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3065 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3069 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.2 $, $Date: 2001/10/16
3078 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3080 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3083 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3086 =item How do I skip some return values?
3088 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3090 =item What's an extension?
3092 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3094 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3096 =item How do I create a module?
3098 =item How do I create a class?
3100 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3102 =item What's a closure?
3104 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3106 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3109 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3112 =item How do I create a static variable?
3114 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3115 Between local() and my()?
3117 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3120 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3122 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3124 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3126 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3128 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3130 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3132 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3134 =item How can I find out my current package?
3136 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3138 =item How do I clear a package?
3140 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3144 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3148 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.2 $, $Date: 2001/10/16
3157 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3159 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3161 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3163 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3165 =item How do I print something out in color?
3167 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3169 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3171 =item How do I clear the screen?
3173 =item How do I get the screen size?
3175 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3177 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3179 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3181 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3183 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3185 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3187 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3189 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3191 =item How do I set the time and date?
3193 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3195 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3197 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3199 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3200 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3202 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3204 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3206 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3208 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3210 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3212 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3214 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3216 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3218 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3220 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3223 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3225 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3227 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3229 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3232 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3233 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3234 changes to be visible?
3238 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3241 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3243 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3245 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3247 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3249 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3251 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3253 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3255 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3257 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3259 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3261 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3263 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3266 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3268 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3272 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3276 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.3 $, $Date: 2001/10/16 13:27:22
3285 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3287 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3290 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3292 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3294 =item How do I extract URLs?
3296 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3297 file on another machine?
3299 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3301 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3303 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3305 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3307 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3309 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3311 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3313 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3314 CGI script to do bad things?
3316 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3318 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3320 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3322 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3324 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3326 =item How do I send mail?
3328 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3330 =item How do I read mail?
3332 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3334 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3336 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3338 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3342 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3346 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3356 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3360 =item Using The Back Ends
3364 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3368 =item The Decompiling Back End
3370 =item The Lint Back End
3372 =item The Simple C Back End
3374 =item The Bytecode Back End
3376 =item The Optimized C Back End
3378 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3379 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3380 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3384 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3390 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3400 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3401 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3405 =item Compiling your C program
3407 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3409 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3411 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3413 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3415 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3417 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3419 =item Execution of END blocks
3421 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3423 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3428 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3438 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3444 =item Debugger Internals
3448 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3452 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3454 =item Debugging regular expressions
3458 =item Compile-time output
3460 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3461 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3462 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3465 =item Types of nodes
3467 =item Run-time output
3471 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3475 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3477 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3478 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3481 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3483 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3485 =item B<-DL> details
3489 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3497 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3509 =item Version caveat
3511 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3523 =item What has gone on?
3525 =item Writing good test scripts
3529 =item What's new here?
3531 =item Input and Output Parameters
3533 =item The XSUBPP Program
3535 =item The TYPEMAP file
3537 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3541 =item What has happened here?
3543 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3545 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3547 =item More about XSUB arguments
3549 =item The Argument Stack
3551 =item Extending your Extension
3553 =item Documenting your Extension
3555 =item Installing your Extension
3559 =item New Things in this Example
3563 =item New Things in this Example
3565 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3567 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3569 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3571 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3587 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3599 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3601 =item The Argument Stack
3603 =item The RETVAL Variable
3605 =item The MODULE Keyword
3607 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3609 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3611 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3613 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3615 =item The CODE: Keyword
3617 =item The INIT: Keyword
3619 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3621 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3623 =item Default Parameter Values
3625 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3627 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3629 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3631 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3633 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3635 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3637 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3639 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3641 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3643 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3645 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
3647 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3649 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3651 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3653 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3655 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3657 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3659 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3661 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3663 =item The CASE: Keyword
3665 =item The & Unary Operator
3667 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3669 =item Using XS With C++
3671 =item Interface Strategy
3673 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3687 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3697 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3699 =item File Operations
3701 =item File Input and Output
3703 =item File Positioning
3705 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3707 =item Character Class Tests
3709 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3711 =item Miscellaneous functions
3719 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3731 =item What is an "IV"?
3733 =item Working with SVs
3737 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3739 =item Working with AVs
3741 =item Working with HVs
3743 =item Hash API Extensions
3747 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3749 =item Creating New Variables
3751 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3753 =item Stashes and Globs
3755 =item Double-Typed SVs
3757 =item Magic Variables
3759 =item Assigning Magic
3761 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3765 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3767 =item Localizing changes
3769 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3770 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3771 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3772 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3773 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3774 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3775 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3776 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3777 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3778 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3786 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3788 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3790 =item Memory Allocation
3794 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3798 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3808 =item Examining the tree
3810 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3812 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3814 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3816 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3818 =item Pluggable runops
3822 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3824 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3828 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3830 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3832 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3834 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3836 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3840 =item Internal Functions
3842 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3846 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3848 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3850 =item Source Documentation
3854 =item Unicode Support
3858 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3860 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3862 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3864 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3866 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3868 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3872 =item Custom Operators
3880 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3886 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3888 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3890 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3910 =item Determining the Context
3914 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3920 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3922 =item Passing Parameters
3924 =item Returning a Scalar
3926 =item Returning a list of values
3928 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3930 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3934 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3938 =item Using call_argv
3940 =item Using call_method
3944 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3946 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3948 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3949 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3952 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3954 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3966 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3976 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3977 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3978 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3979 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3983 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3985 =item Administration
3987 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3991 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3992 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4000 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4010 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4012 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4014 B<Decryption Filters>
4016 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4018 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4020 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4032 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4040 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4041 B<filter_fetch_value>
4047 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4049 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4059 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4065 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4066 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4067 ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
4068 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK,
4069 dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
4070 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, getcwd_sv, get_av, get_cv, get_hv,
4071 get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number,
4072 grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod,
4073 gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD,
4074 G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV,
4075 HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete,
4076 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4077 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4078 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
4079 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
4080 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
4081 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
4082 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, NEWSV, newSViv,
4083 newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv,
4084 newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
4085 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_clone, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free,
4086 perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef,
4087 PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK,
4088 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL,
4089 Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, scan_bin, scan_hex, scan_oct,
4090 sharedsv_find, sharedsv_init, sharedsv_lock, sharedsv_new,
4091 sharedsv_thrcnt_dec, sharedsv_thrcnt_inc, sharedsv_unlock, sortsv, SP,
4092 SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE,
4093 StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp,
4094 SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV,
4095 SvIV, SvIVX, SvIVx, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp,
4096 SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK,
4097 SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4098 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4099 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX,
4100 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4101 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV,
4102 SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4103 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, svtype, SVt_IV,
4104 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
4105 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool, sv_2cv,
4106 sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4107 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4108 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4109 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4110 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec,
4111 sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free,
4112 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
4113 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
4114 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
4115 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
4116 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset,
4117 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
4118 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
4119 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
4120 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
4121 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref,
4122 sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
4123 sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
4124 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER,
4125 toUPPER, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
4126 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
4127 uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN,
4128 XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV,
4129 XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV,
4130 XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
4138 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4145 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
4146 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena,
4147 sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4155 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4165 =item History and Background
4167 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4169 =item Data Structures
4171 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
4172 data for a particular handle
4174 =item Functions and Attributes
4176 =item Per-instance Data
4178 =item Layers in action.
4180 =item Per-instance flag bits
4182 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4183 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4184 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4185 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4187 =item Methods in Detail
4189 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4190 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4191 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
4192 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
4193 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
4194 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
4195 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4196 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4197 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4198 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
4199 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
4200 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
4201 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
4202 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4206 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4208 =item Extension Layers
4210 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4216 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4224 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4225 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4226 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4227 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4228 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4229 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4230 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4231 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4232 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4233 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4234 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4238 =item Co-existence with stdio
4240 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4241 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4243 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4245 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4246 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4247 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4248 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4250 =item Other Functions
4252 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4253 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4259 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4265 =item To do during 5.6.x
4269 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4271 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4273 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4275 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4277 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4281 =item use Thread for iThreads
4283 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4285 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4287 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4289 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4291 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4293 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4295 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4297 =item Complete signal handling
4299 =item Out-of-source builds
4301 =item POSIX realtime support
4303 =item UNIX98 support
4307 =item Long double conversion
4311 =item Thread-safe regexes
4313 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4315 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4317 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4319 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4321 =item Custom opcodes
4323 =item spawnvp() on Win32
4325 =item DLL Versioning
4327 =item Introduce @( and @)
4329 =item Floating point handling
4331 =item IV/UV preservation
4333 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4335 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4337 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4339 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4341 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4343 =item Document Win32 choices
4345 =item Check new modules
4347 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4351 =item To do at some point
4355 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4357 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4359 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4361 =item bitfields in pack
4363 =item Cross compilation
4365 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4367 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4369 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4371 =item -i rename file when changed
4373 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4375 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4377 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4379 =item my sub foo { }
4381 =item One-pass global destruction
4383 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4385 =item Cache recently used regexps
4387 =item Re-entrant functions
4389 =item Cross-compilation support
4391 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4393 =item debugger pragma
4395 =item use less pragma
4397 =item switch structures
4399 =item Cache eval tree
4403 =item Shrink opcode tables
4405 =item Optimize away @_
4407 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4411 =item Prototype method calls
4413 =item Return context prototype declarations
4417 =item Garbage collection
4421 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4423 =item Rewrite perldoc
4425 =item Install .3p manpages
4427 =item Unicode tutorial
4429 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4431 =item Retargetable installation
4433 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4435 =item Rename Win32 headers
4437 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4439 =item Update sprintf documentation
4441 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4449 =item ref() in list context
4451 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4453 =item Compile to real threaded code
4455 =item Structured types
4457 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4459 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4463 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4465 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4469 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4471 =item Constant function cache
4473 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4481 =item Update guts documentation
4483 =item Add more tests
4485 =item Update auxiliary tools
4489 =item Recently done things
4493 =item Safe signal handling
4499 =item setitimer and getimiter
4501 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4503 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4505 =item Explicit switch statements
4513 =item perlcc to produce executable
4515 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4517 =item Secure temporary file module
4519 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4521 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4523 =item Mmap for input
4525 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4527 =item Add sockatmark support
4529 =item Mailing list archives
4533 =item Integrate MacPerl
4535 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4537 =item Regular expression tutorial
4539 =item Debugging Tutorial
4541 =item Integrate new modules
4543 =item Integrate profiler
4545 =item Y2K error detection
4547 =item Regular expression debugger
4551 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4553 =item Cache precompiled modules
4557 =item Deprecated Wishes
4561 =item Loop control on do{}
4563 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4569 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4571 =item Named prototypes
4573 =item Built-in globbing
4575 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4577 =item Cached hash values
4579 =item Add compression modules
4581 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4583 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4585 =item Make XS easier to use
4587 =item Make embedding easier to use
4591 =item my $Package::variable
4593 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4595 =item "class"-based lexicals
4599 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4601 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4603 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4605 =item Create debugging macros
4611 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4617 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4618 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4619 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4620 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4621 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4622 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4623 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4627 =item Keeping in sync
4629 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4630 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4632 =item Why rsync the source tree
4634 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
4636 =item Why rsync the patches
4638 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4639 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4641 =item Submitting patches
4643 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4644 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4646 =item Finding Your Way Around
4648 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4650 =item Elements of the interpreter
4652 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4654 =item Internal Variable Types
4660 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4662 =item Millions of Macros
4664 =item Poking at Perl
4666 =item Using a source-level debugger
4668 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4669 finish, 'enter', print
4671 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4675 =item Patching a core module
4677 =item Adding a new function to the core
4679 =item Writing a test
4681 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
4682 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>
4686 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4690 =item Rational Software's Purify
4692 =item Purify on Unix
4694 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4698 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4700 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4702 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4706 =item Gprof Profiling
4708 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4710 =item GCC gcov Profiling
4712 =item Pixie Profiling
4714 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4719 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4727 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4735 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4747 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4749 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4753 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4757 =head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0
4763 =item Reporting Bugs
4771 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
4777 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4779 =item Incompatible Changes
4783 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
4785 =item AIX Dynaloading
4787 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
4789 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
4795 =item Core Enhancements
4797 =item Modules and Pragmata
4801 =item New Modules and Distributions
4803 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4807 =item Utility Changes
4809 =item New Documentation
4811 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4815 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4817 =item Generic Improvements
4821 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4825 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4829 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4831 =item Source Code Enhancements
4835 =item MAGIC constants
4837 =item Better commented code
4839 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
4847 =item Known Problems
4853 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
4855 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4857 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
4859 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configur
4861 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
4863 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4867 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
4869 =item Failure of Thread tests
4879 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4881 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4883 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
4885 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4887 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4889 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
4893 =item Reporting Bugs
4901 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
4907 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4909 =item Incompatible Changes
4911 =item Core Enhancements
4915 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
4917 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
4919 =item Signals Are Now Safe
4923 =item Modules and Pragmata
4929 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4933 =item Performance Enhancements
4935 =item Utility Changes
4937 =item New Documentation
4953 =item README.solaris
4957 =item Porting/repository.pod
4961 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4965 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4967 =item Generic Improvements
4969 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
4970 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
4971 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
4975 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4979 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4983 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4985 =item Changed Internals
4989 =item Known Problems
4993 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4995 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4997 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4999 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5003 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5005 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5007 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5009 =item Failure of Thread tests
5011 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5013 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5015 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5017 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5021 =item Reporting Bugs
5029 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5035 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5037 =item Incompatible Changes
5039 =item Core Enhancements
5041 =item Modules and Pragmata
5047 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5051 =item Utility Changes
5053 =item New Documentation
5055 =item Performance Enhancements
5057 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5061 =item Generic Improvements
5065 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5069 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5073 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5075 =item Changed Internals
5077 =item Known Problems
5081 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5083 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5085 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5087 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5089 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5091 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5093 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5095 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5097 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5099 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5103 =item Reporting Bugs
5111 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
5117 =item Core Enhancements
5121 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5123 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5125 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5127 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5129 =item "our" declarations
5131 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5133 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5135 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5137 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5139 =item open() with more than two arguments
5141 =item 64-bit support
5143 =item Large file support
5149 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5151 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5153 =item File globbing implemented internally
5155 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5157 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5159 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5161 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5163 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5165 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5167 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5169 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5171 =item Comments in pack() templates
5173 =item Weak references
5175 =item Binary numbers supported
5177 =item Lvalue subroutines
5179 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5181 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5183 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5185 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5187 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5189 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5191 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5193 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5195 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5197 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5199 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5201 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5203 =item Improved diagnostics
5205 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5207 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5209 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5211 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5213 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5215 =item Improved security features
5217 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5219 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5221 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5223 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5225 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5227 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5229 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5233 =item Modules and Pragmata
5239 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5240 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5241 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5242 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5243 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5244 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5245 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5246 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5252 =item Utility Changes
5266 =item The Perl Debugger
5270 =item Improved Documentation
5272 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5273 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5274 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5275 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5277 =item Performance enhancements
5281 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5283 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5285 =item Faster subroutine calls
5287 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5291 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5295 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5297 =item New Configure flags
5299 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5305 =item -Duselargefiles
5307 =item installusrbinperl
5313 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5317 =item Platform specific changes
5321 =item Supported platforms
5325 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5333 =item Significant bug fixes
5337 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5339 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5341 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5343 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5345 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5347 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5349 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5351 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5353 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5355 =item Locale bugs fixed
5359 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5361 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5363 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5365 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5369 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5371 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5372 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5373 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5374 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5375 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5376 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5377 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5378 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5379 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5380 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5381 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5382 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5383 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5384 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5385 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5386 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5387 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5388 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5389 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5390 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5391 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5392 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5393 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5394 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5395 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5396 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5397 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5398 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5399 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5400 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5401 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5402 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5403 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5404 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5405 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5406 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5407 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5408 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5409 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5410 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5411 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5412 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5413 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5414 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5415 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5416 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5417 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5418 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5419 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5420 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5424 =item Incompatible Changes
5428 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5430 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5431 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5432 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5433 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5434 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5435 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5436 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5437 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5438 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5439 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5440 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5442 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5444 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5446 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5448 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5450 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5454 =item Known Problems
5458 =item Thread test failures
5460 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5462 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5464 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5466 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5469 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5471 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5473 =item Experimental features
5475 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5476 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5477 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5481 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5483 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5484 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5485 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5486 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5488 =item Reporting Bugs
5496 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5502 =item About the new versioning system
5504 =item Incompatible Changes
5508 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5510 =item Default installation structure has changed
5512 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5514 =item C Source Compatibility
5516 =item Binary Compatibility
5518 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5520 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5534 =item Regular Expressions
5536 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5537 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5538 improvements, Incompatible changes
5540 =item Improved malloc()
5542 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5544 =item Reliable signals
5546 =item Reliable stack pointers
5548 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5552 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5554 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5556 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5558 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5560 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5562 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5564 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5566 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5568 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5570 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5572 =item Better locale support
5574 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5576 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5578 =item Extended support for exception handling
5580 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5582 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5584 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5586 =item New C<lock> keyword
5588 =item New C<qr//> operator
5590 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5592 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5594 =item Tied handles support is better
5596 =item 4th argument to substr
5598 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5600 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5602 =item <> now reads in records
5606 =item Supported Platforms
5612 =item Changes in existing support
5616 =item Modules and Pragmata
5622 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5623 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5624 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5626 =item Changes in existing modules
5628 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5629 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5633 =item Utility Changes
5635 =item Documentation Changes
5637 =item New Diagnostics
5639 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5640 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5641 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5642 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5643 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5644 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5645 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5646 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5647 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5648 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5649 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5650 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5651 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5652 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5653 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5654 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5655 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5657 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5659 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5660 temporary file, regexp too big
5662 =item Configuration Changes
5672 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5678 =item Supported Environments
5684 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5686 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5688 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5690 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5692 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5694 =item More precise warnings
5696 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5698 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5700 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5702 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5704 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5706 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5708 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5710 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5712 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5714 =item Changes to tainting checks
5716 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5717 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5719 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5721 =item Embedding improvements
5723 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5725 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5727 =item New and changed syntax
5731 =item New and changed builtin constants
5735 =item New and changed builtin variables
5739 =item New and changed builtin functions
5741 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5742 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5743 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5744 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5745 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5747 =item New builtin methods
5749 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5751 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5753 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5754 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5756 =item Malloc enhancements
5758 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5760 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5764 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5780 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5781 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5787 =item Required Updates
5789 =item Installation directories
5791 =item Module information summary
5805 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5809 =item Utility Changes
5815 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5819 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5823 =item C Language API Changes
5825 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5828 =item Documentation Changes
5830 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5831 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5833 =item New Diagnostics
5835 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5836 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5837 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5838 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5839 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5840 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5841 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5842 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5843 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5844 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5845 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5846 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5847 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5848 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5849 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5850 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5851 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5852 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5853 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5854 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5855 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5856 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5857 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5858 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5859 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5869 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5877 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5881 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5883 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5885 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5887 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5893 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
5903 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
5913 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5927 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
5929 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5931 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5933 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5939 =item Accessing documentation
5943 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
5945 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
5947 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
5949 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
5953 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
5957 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
5959 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
5961 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
5963 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
5965 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
5975 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
5983 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
5985 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
5989 =item Contact Information
5995 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
6005 =item gzip on BS2000
6007 =item bison on BS2000
6009 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
6011 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
6013 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
6015 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
6017 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
6019 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
6021 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
6055 =item Acknowledgements
6061 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
6067 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
6071 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
6073 =item Cygwin Configuration
6075 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
6079 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
6083 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
6085 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
6087 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
6088 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
6090 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
6092 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
6093 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
6095 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
6097 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
6101 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
6105 =item Warnings on Cygwin
6111 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
6115 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
6117 =item Hard Links on Cygwin
6119 =item Filetime Granularity on Cygwin
6121 =item Tainting Checks on Cygwin
6123 =item /etc/group on Cygwin
6125 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
6127 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
6131 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
6133 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
6135 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
6136 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
6138 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
6146 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
6158 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
6162 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
6164 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
6166 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
6168 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
6178 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
6186 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
6188 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
6190 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
6192 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
6196 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
6198 =item PATH Names on Epoc
6200 =item Editors on Epoc
6202 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
6204 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
6206 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
6210 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
6218 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
6227 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
6229 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
6241 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
6243 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
6245 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
6247 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
6249 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
6251 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
6253 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
6255 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
6257 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
6259 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
6261 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
6265 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
6273 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
6281 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
6289 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
6298 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
6300 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
6302 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
6304 =item Building external modules on MachTen
6314 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
6328 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
6334 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
6340 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
6348 =item What's New in Perl ffor MPE/iX
6350 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
6352 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
6354 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
6356 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
6358 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
6359 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
6361 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
6365 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
6367 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
6369 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
6371 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
6373 =item Perl/iX Change History
6389 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
6401 =item Build new extensions
6405 =item Acknowledgements
6413 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
6433 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
6435 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
6437 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
6441 =item Frequently asked questions
6445 =item "It does not work"
6447 =item I cannot run external programs
6449 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
6452 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
6455 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
6457 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
6465 =item Automatic binary installation
6467 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
6469 =item Manual binary installation
6471 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
6472 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
6473 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
6474 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
6475 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
6481 =item Accessing documentation
6485 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
6493 =item GNU C<info> files
6505 =item The short story
6509 =item Getting perl source
6511 =item Application of the patches
6519 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
6522 =item Installing the built perl
6524 =item C<a.out>-style build
6532 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
6534 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
6536 =item Problems with tr or sed
6538 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
6540 =item Library ... not found
6542 =item Segfault in make
6544 =item op/sprintf test failure
6548 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
6552 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
6556 =item C<extproc> on the first line
6558 =item Additional modules:
6560 =item Prebuilt methods:
6562 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
6563 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
6564 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
6565 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
6566 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
6567 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
6568 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
6569 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
6570 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
6571 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
6572 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
6574 =item Prebuilt variables:
6576 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
6582 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
6585 =item Identifying DLLs
6587 =item Centralized management of resources
6603 =item F<perl___.exe>
6605 =item Why strange names?
6607 =item Why dynamic linking?
6609 =item Why chimera build?
6617 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6619 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6621 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6623 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6625 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6627 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6637 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
6639 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
6641 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
6644 =item DLL forwarder generation
6648 =item Calls to external programs
6650 =item Memory allocation
6654 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6670 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6680 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
6682 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
6684 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
6686 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
6688 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6690 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6692 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6694 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
6696 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6698 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
6708 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
6716 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
6724 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
6726 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
6728 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
6730 =item QNX auxiliary files
6734 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
6742 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
6752 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
6754 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
6756 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
6758 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
6762 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
6766 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
6778 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6786 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6792 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6798 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
6800 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
6802 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
6806 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6810 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6812 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
6814 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6818 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6820 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6821 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6822 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6828 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
6830 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
6834 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
6836 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
6840 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
6844 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6846 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6850 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
6852 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
6854 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
6864 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
6865 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
6873 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
6875 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
6877 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
6879 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
6881 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
6883 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
6887 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
6893 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
6901 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
6903 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
6909 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6919 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
6921 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
6923 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
6925 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
6927 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
6937 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
6943 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6951 =item Organization of Perl Images
6957 =item Perl Extensions
6959 =item Installing static extensions
6961 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6965 =item File specifications
6971 =item Wildcard expansion
6977 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6983 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6985 =item Command line switches
6991 =item Perl functions
6993 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6994 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6995 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6996 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6998 =item Perl variables
7000 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
7002 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
7016 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
7024 =item Stratus POSIX Support
7028 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
7032 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
7034 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
7038 =item USING PERL IN VOS
7042 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
7044 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
7048 =item SUPPORT STATUS
7056 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
7058 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7070 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7080 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
7089 new, function, LIST, $threads->join, $threads->detach, threads->self,
7094 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
7097 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
7101 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
7102 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
7108 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
7118 =item Built-in Attributes
7120 locked, method, lvalue
7122 =item Available Subroutines
7126 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
7128 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
7130 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
7138 =item Default exports
7140 =item Available exports
7142 =item Export tags defined
7152 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
7164 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
7180 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
7194 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
7208 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
7221 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
7230 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
7236 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
7248 =item List constants
7250 =item Defining multiple constants at once
7252 =item Magic constants
7256 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
7266 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
7277 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
7279 =item The I<splain> Program
7293 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
7307 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
7317 =item subpragma access
7323 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
7334 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
7344 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
7354 =item Adding directories to @INC
7356 =item Deleting directories from @INC
7358 =item Restoring original @INC
7368 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
7379 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
7387 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
7389 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
7395 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
7407 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
7417 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
7419 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
7421 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
7423 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
7425 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
7427 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
7429 =item Overloadable Operations
7431 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
7432 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
7433 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
7435 =item Inheritance and overloading
7437 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
7438 is inherited by derived classes
7442 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
7450 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
7452 =item Copy Constructor
7458 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
7460 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
7461 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
7462 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
7465 =item Losing overloading
7467 =item Run-time Overloading
7469 =item Public functions
7471 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
7473 =item Overloading constants
7475 integer, float, binary, q, qr
7477 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7479 =item Metaphor clash
7485 =item Two-face scalars
7487 =item Two-face references
7489 =item Symbolic calculator
7491 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
7499 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
7500 type, `%s' is not a code reference
7506 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7516 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
7528 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
7530 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
7534 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
7538 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
7546 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
7554 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
7558 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
7568 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
7577 new, function, LIST, $threads->join, $threads->detach, threads->self,
7582 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
7585 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
7589 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
7590 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
7596 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
7607 =item Utility functions
7609 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
7610 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
7618 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
7628 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
7636 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
7637 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
7638 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
7639 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
7640 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
7644 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
7654 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
7656 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
7666 =item DBM Comparisons
7676 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
7686 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
7690 =item Typed lexicals
7692 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
7694 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
7696 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
7698 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
7706 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
7707 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
7708 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
7709 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>
7719 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
7729 =item Subroutine Stubs
7731 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7733 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7735 =item Package Lexicals
7737 =item Not Using AutoLoader
7739 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
7749 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
7757 $keep, $check, $modtime
7761 =item Multiple packages
7769 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
7777 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
7781 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
7789 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
7803 =item B::PVMG METHODS
7807 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
7809 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
7811 =item B::PVLV METHODS
7813 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
7817 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
7821 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
7822 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
7826 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
7827 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
7831 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
7835 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
7840 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
7842 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
7846 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
7848 =item B::UNOP METHOD
7852 =item B::BINOP METHOD
7856 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
7860 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
7864 =item B::PMOP METHODS
7866 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
7868 =item B::SVOP METHOD
7872 =item B::PADOP METHOD
7876 =item B::PVOP METHOD
7880 =item B::LOOP METHODS
7882 redoop, nextop, lastop
7884 =item B::COP METHODS
7886 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
7890 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
7892 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
7893 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
7894 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
7895 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
7902 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
7915 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
7927 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7939 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7949 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7950 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7951 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7961 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7971 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7972 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7982 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7992 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7993 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7994 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
8006 =item Context of ".."
8010 =item Deprecated features
8018 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
8028 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
8029 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
8030 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
8032 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
8034 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
8035 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
8036 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
8037 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
8038 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
8039 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
8040 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
8041 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
8047 =item OP flags abbreviations
8049 =item OP class abbreviations
8053 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
8059 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
8071 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
8081 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
8082 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
8084 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
8094 =item ambient_pragmas
8096 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
8108 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
8120 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
8128 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
8130 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
8131 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
8133 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
8143 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
8153 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8159 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
8171 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
8183 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
8185 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
8197 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
8207 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
8215 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
8227 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
8241 =item Standard Exports
8243 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
8244 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
8245 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
8247 =item Optional Exports
8249 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
8250 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
8251 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
8267 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
8271 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
8285 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
8295 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
8296 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
8297 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
8307 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
8319 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
8321 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
8323 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
8325 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
8327 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
8329 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
8331 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
8333 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
8335 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
8337 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
8339 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
8341 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
8343 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
8345 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
8347 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
8349 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
8351 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
8353 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
8354 B<:standard>, B<:all>
8358 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
8359 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
8362 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
8364 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
8365 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
8370 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
8374 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
8376 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
8378 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
8380 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
8382 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
8384 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
8386 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
8388 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
8389 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
8391 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
8395 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
8399 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
8401 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
8403 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
8405 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
8407 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
8409 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
8410 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
8412 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
8416 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
8420 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
8422 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
8424 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
8426 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
8430 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
8432 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
8434 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
8438 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
8440 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
8444 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
8448 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
8452 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
8456 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
8460 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
8462 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
8464 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
8468 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
8472 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
8478 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
8479 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
8481 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
8483 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
8484 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
8487 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
8493 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
8497 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
8499 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
8500 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
8501 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
8502 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
8503 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
8505 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
8507 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
8512 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
8514 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
8516 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
8517 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
8519 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
8521 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8525 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
8526 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
8527 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
8528 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
8529 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
8530 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
8531 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
8532 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
8533 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
8534 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
8535 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
8536 ...and many many more..
8538 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
8546 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
8556 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8564 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
8573 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
8575 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
8579 =item Changing the default message
8583 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
8593 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
8601 =item USING CGI::Cookie
8603 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
8607 =item Creating New Cookies
8609 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
8611 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
8613 =item Manipulating Cookies
8615 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
8619 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8627 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
8635 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
8637 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
8639 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
8641 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
8643 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
8645 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
8649 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8657 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
8667 =item Tags that won't be formatted
8669 =item Customizing the Indenting
8681 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
8689 =item USING CGI::Push
8691 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
8695 =item Heterogeneous Pages
8697 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
8701 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
8703 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8711 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
8721 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8729 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
8737 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8743 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
8753 =item Interactive Mode
8755 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
8756 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
8757 distribution, ls author, Signals
8765 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
8767 =item Programmer's interface
8769 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
8771 =item Methods in the other Classes
8773 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
8774 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
8775 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
8776 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
8777 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
8778 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
8779 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
8780 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
8781 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
8782 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
8783 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
8784 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
8785 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
8786 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
8787 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
8788 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
8789 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
8790 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
8791 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
8792 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
8793 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
8794 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
8795 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
8796 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
8797 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
8798 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
8806 =item Finding packages and VERSION
8810 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
8816 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
8817 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
8818 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
8819 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
8823 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
8825 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
8833 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
8835 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
8839 =item Three basic types of firewalls
8841 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
8843 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
8849 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
8861 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
8871 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
8884 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
8894 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
8902 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
8904 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
8914 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
8915 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
8916 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
8918 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
8926 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
8936 =item The C<struct()> function
8938 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
8940 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
8942 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
8943 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
8945 =item Initializing with C<new>
8951 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
8953 =item Author and Modification History
8957 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
8965 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8977 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8981 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
8982 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
8983 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
8988 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8989 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8993 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8994 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8995 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8996 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
8997 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
8998 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
9002 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
9003 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
9004 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
9005 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
9006 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
9007 C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>,
9008 C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>,
9009 C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
9010 C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>,
9011 C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
9012 C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
9013 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
9014 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
9015 C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
9016 C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
9017 C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>,
9018 C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>,
9019 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
9020 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>,
9021 C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
9022 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
9023 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
9024 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
9025 C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>,
9026 C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
9027 C<d_htonl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
9028 C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>,
9029 C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
9030 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
9031 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
9032 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
9033 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
9034 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
9035 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
9036 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
9037 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
9038 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
9039 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
9040 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
9041 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
9042 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
9043 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
9044 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>,
9045 C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>,
9046 C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>,
9047 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>,
9048 C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>,
9049 C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>,
9050 C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
9051 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>,
9052 C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>,
9053 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>,
9054 C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>,
9055 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
9056 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>,
9057 C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>,
9058 C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>,
9059 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>,
9060 C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
9061 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
9062 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
9063 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
9064 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
9065 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>,
9066 C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>,
9067 C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>,
9068 C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
9069 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
9070 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
9071 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
9072 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
9073 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
9074 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>,
9075 C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>,
9076 C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>,
9077 C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
9078 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
9079 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
9083 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
9084 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
9088 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
9089 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
9094 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
9095 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
9099 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
9103 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
9104 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
9105 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_fp>,
9106 C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
9107 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
9108 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
9109 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
9110 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
9111 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
9112 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
9113 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
9114 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
9115 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
9116 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
9117 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
9118 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
9119 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
9120 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
9121 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
9122 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
9123 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
9124 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
9125 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
9126 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
9130 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
9134 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
9135 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
9136 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
9137 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
9138 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
9139 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
9143 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
9144 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
9145 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
9149 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
9150 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
9154 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
9155 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
9156 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
9157 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
9161 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
9162 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
9166 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
9167 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
9171 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
9172 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
9173 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
9174 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
9178 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
9182 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
9183 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
9187 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
9188 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
9189 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
9190 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
9191 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
9192 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
9193 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
9194 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
9195 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
9196 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
9197 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
9198 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
9199 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
9200 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
9204 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
9205 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
9209 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
9210 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
9211 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
9212 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
9213 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
9214 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
9215 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
9216 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
9217 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
9221 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
9222 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
9223 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
9224 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
9228 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
9232 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
9244 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
9254 =item getcwd and friends
9256 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
9258 =item abs_path and friends
9260 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
9272 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
9284 =item Global Variables
9286 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
9287 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
9292 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
9293 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
9295 =item Client Callback Methods
9297 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
9298 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
9299 CLIENT->output(LIST)
9309 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
9317 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
9321 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
9323 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
9325 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
9327 =item Default Parameters
9329 =item In Memory Databases
9337 =item A Simple Example
9345 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
9347 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
9349 =item The get_dup() Method
9351 =item The find_dup() Method
9353 =item The del_dup() Method
9355 =item Matching Partial Keys
9363 =item The 'bval' Option
9365 =item A Simple Example
9367 =item Extra RECNO Methods
9369 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
9370 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
9373 =item Another Example
9377 =item THE API INTERFACE
9379 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
9380 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
9381 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
9382 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
9386 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
9387 B<filter_fetch_value>
9393 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
9395 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
9399 =item HINTS AND TIPS
9403 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
9405 =item Safe ways to lock a database
9407 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
9409 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
9411 =item The untie() Gotcha
9415 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
9419 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
9421 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
9423 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
9425 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
9445 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
9446 printing and C<eval>
9458 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
9459 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
9460 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
9467 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
9469 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9470 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9471 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9472 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9473 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9474 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9475 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9476 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9477 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9478 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9479 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9480 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9481 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9482 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>)
9502 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
9510 =item PROFILE FORMAT
9522 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
9532 =item Memory footprint debugging
9540 =item A simple scalar string
9542 =item A simple scalar number
9544 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
9546 =item A reference to a simple scalar
9548 =item A reference to an array
9550 =item A reference to a hash
9552 =item Dumping a large array or hash
9554 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
9556 =item A reference to a subroutine
9570 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
9580 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
9588 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
9592 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
9593 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
9594 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
9602 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
9612 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
9616 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
9617 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
9629 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
9641 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
9653 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
9654 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
9655 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
9660 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
9661 veryCompact, set, get
9667 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
9675 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
9676 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
9677 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
9678 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
9685 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
9698 =head2 Encode - character encodings
9716 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
9718 =item Types of Encodings
9720 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
9721 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
9723 =item Specifying Encodings
9725 1. By name, 2. As an object
9727 =item Encoding Names
9729 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
9730 The name used by the the organization that defined it
9734 =item PERL ENCODING API
9738 =item Generic Encoding Interface
9740 =item Handling Malformed Data
9742 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
9746 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
9748 =item Listing available encodings
9750 =item Defining Aliases
9752 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
9755 =item Defining Encodings
9759 =item Encoding and IO
9761 =item Encoding How to ...
9763 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
9764 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
9766 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
9768 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
9770 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
9772 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
9773 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
9777 =item Compiled Encodings
9779 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
9780 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
9788 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
9789 of the Encode extension
9795 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9803 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
9805 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
9811 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9819 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
9832 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
9847 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
9863 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
9875 =item Selecting What To Export
9877 =item Specialised Import Lists
9879 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
9881 =item Module Version Checking
9883 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
9885 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
9891 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
9901 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
9922 mv source... destination
9924 cp source... destination
9942 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
9952 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
9962 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
9964 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
9968 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
9976 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
9979 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9981 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
9983 WriteMakefileSnippet
9985 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
9986 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9994 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
10006 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
10007 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
10017 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
10027 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
10039 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
10040 packlist(), version()
10048 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
10056 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
10062 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
10072 =item VMS implementation
10074 =item Win32 implementation
10082 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10083 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10091 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
10095 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10096 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10122 test_via_harness (o)
10124 tool_autosplit (override)
10142 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10143 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10157 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10169 =item Preloaded methods
10189 =item SelfLoaded methods
10235 file_name_is_absolute
10241 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
10281 maybe_command_in_dirs
10309 post_initialize (o)
10319 replace_manpage_separator
10333 test_via_harness (o)
10335 test_via_script (o)
10365 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10366 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10376 =item Methods always loaded
10388 =item SelfLoaded methods
10390 guess_name (override)
10394 find_perl (override)
10398 maybe_command (override)
10400 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
10402 perl_script (override)
10404 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10406 replace_manpage_separator
10408 init_others (override)
10410 constants (override)
10414 const_cccmd (override)
10416 pm_to_blib (override)
10418 tool_autosplit (override)
10420 tool_sxubpp (override)
10422 xsubpp_version (override)
10424 tools_other (override)
10434 top_targets (override)
10438 dynamic_lib (override)
10440 dynamic_bs (override)
10442 static_lib (override)
10444 manifypods (override)
10446 processPL (override)
10448 installbin (override)
10450 subdir_x (override)
10454 realclean (override)
10456 dist_basics (override)
10458 dist_core (override)
10460 dist_dir (override)
10462 dist_test (override)
10466 perldepend (override)
10468 makefile (override)
10472 test_via_harness (override)
10474 test_via_script (override)
10476 makeaperl (override)
10478 nicetext (override)
10480 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10481 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10507 test_via_harness (o)
10509 tool_autosplit (override)
10527 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
10537 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
10539 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
10547 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
10551 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
10553 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
10555 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
10557 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
10559 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
10560 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
10561 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
10562 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
10563 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
10564 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
10565 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
10566 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
10567 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
10568 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
10569 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE,
10570 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERM_RW,
10571 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
10572 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TEST_LIBS,
10573 VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
10575 =item Additional lowercase attributes
10577 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
10580 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
10582 =item Hintsfile support
10584 =item Distribution Support
10586 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
10587 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
10588 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
10590 =item Disabling an extension
10604 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
10612 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
10616 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
10620 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
10621 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
10625 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
10633 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
10645 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
10655 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
10664 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
10672 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
10684 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
10692 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
10702 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
10714 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
10724 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
10728 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
10736 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
10740 C<basename>, C<dirname>
10744 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
10754 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
10768 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
10778 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
10780 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
10792 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
10802 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
10814 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
10822 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
10823 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
10824 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
10834 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
10842 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
10843 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
10844 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
10848 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
10856 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
10868 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
10878 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
10879 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
10880 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
10888 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
10922 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
10940 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
10968 file_name_is_absolute
10990 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
11000 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
11033 file_name_is_absolute
11055 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
11071 =item Methods always loaded
11073 canonpath (override)
11091 case_tolerant (override)
11095 file_name_is_absolute (override)
11097 splitpath (override)
11099 splitdir (override)
11113 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
11143 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
11167 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
11181 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
11191 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
11199 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
11207 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
11209 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
11221 =item Temporary files and NFS
11233 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
11247 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
11259 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
11267 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
11273 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
11287 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
11289 =item All-in-one interface
11291 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
11303 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
11313 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
11317 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
11319 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
11327 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
11329 =item Example 2: Using the context
11331 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
11333 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
11337 =item Filter::Simple
11345 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
11353 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
11365 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
11381 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
11389 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
11391 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
11395 =item Simple options
11397 =item A little bit less simple options
11399 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
11401 =item Options with values
11403 =item Options with multiple values
11405 =item Options with hash values
11407 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
11409 =item Options with multiple names
11411 =item Case and abbreviations
11413 =item Summary of Option Specifications
11415 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
11419 =item Advanced Possibilities
11423 =item Object oriented interface
11425 =item Documentation and help texts
11427 =item Storing options in a hash
11431 =item The lonesome dash
11433 =item Argument call-back
11437 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
11439 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
11440 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
11441 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
11442 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
11443 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
11445 =item Return values and Errors
11451 =item Default destinations
11453 =item Alternative option starters
11455 =item Configuration variables
11459 =item Trouble Shooting
11463 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
11465 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
11472 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11476 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
11487 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
11498 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
11509 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
11511 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
11513 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11515 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11517 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
11519 the function super_languages($lang1)
11521 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
11523 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
11525 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
11527 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
11531 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
11533 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
11543 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
11551 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
11553 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
11555 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
11556 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
11557 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
11558 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
11559 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
11560 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
11561 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
11562 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
11563 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
11564 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
11565 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
11566 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
11567 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
11568 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
11569 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
11570 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
11571 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
11572 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
11573 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
11574 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
11575 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
11576 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
11577 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
11578 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
11579 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
11580 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
11581 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
11582 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
11583 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
11584 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
11585 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
11586 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
11587 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
11588 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
11589 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
11590 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
11591 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
11592 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
11593 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
11594 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
11595 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
11596 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
11597 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
11598 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
11599 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
11600 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
11601 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
11602 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
11603 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
11604 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
11605 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
11606 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
11607 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
11608 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
11609 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
11610 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
11611 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
11612 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
11613 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
11614 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
11615 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
11616 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
11617 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
11618 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
11619 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
11620 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
11621 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
11622 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
11623 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
11624 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
11625 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
11626 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
11627 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
11628 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
11629 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
11630 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
11631 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
11632 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
11633 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
11634 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
11635 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
11636 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
11637 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
11638 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
11639 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
11640 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
11641 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
11642 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
11643 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
11644 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
11645 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
11646 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
11647 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
11648 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
11649 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
11650 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
11651 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
11652 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
11653 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
11654 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
11655 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
11656 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
11657 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
11658 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
11659 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
11660 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
11661 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
11662 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
11663 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
11664 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
11665 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
11666 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
11667 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
11668 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
11669 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
11670 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
11671 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
11672 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
11673 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
11677 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11683 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
11701 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
11705 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
11715 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
11723 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11724 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11734 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11744 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11748 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11756 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
11766 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11770 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11771 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11772 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11773 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11785 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11795 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11799 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11809 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11819 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11820 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11830 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
11838 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11839 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11848 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
11858 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11862 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11863 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11864 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11874 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
11888 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11889 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11899 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
11915 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11928 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
11942 hostpath(), peerpath()
11952 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
11961 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11962 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11972 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11982 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11986 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11994 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
12005 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
12009 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
12010 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
12011 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
12012 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
12024 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
12034 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
12038 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
12048 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
12058 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
12059 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
12069 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
12078 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
12079 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
12088 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
12099 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
12103 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
12104 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
12105 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
12115 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
12130 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
12131 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
12141 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
12142 AF_INET domain sockets
12158 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
12171 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
12172 AF_UNIX domain sockets
12186 hostpath(), peerpath()
12196 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
12206 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
12207 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
12218 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
12232 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
12245 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
12255 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
12256 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
12257 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
12268 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
12286 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
12296 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
12297 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
12308 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
12319 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
12320 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
12321 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
12332 =head2 Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util - utility functions for Hangul Syllables
12342 =item Composition and Decomposition
12344 C<$string_decomposed = decomposeHangul($codepoint)>, C<@codepoints =
12345 decomposeHangul($codepoint)>, C<$string_composed =
12346 composeHangul($src_string)>, C<@codepoints_composed =
12347 composeHangul($src_string)>
12349 =item Hangul Syllable Name
12351 C<$name = getHangulName($codepoint)>, C<$codepoint =
12352 parseHangulName($name)>
12362 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15
12366 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
12374 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
12375 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
12377 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
12383 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
12384 general-utility list subroutines
12392 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
12393 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
12395 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
12401 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
12402 general-utility scalar subroutines
12410 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
12411 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
12419 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
12427 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12431 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
12439 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
12451 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
12457 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12459 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
12460 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
12466 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12468 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
12474 =item CODE ALIASING
12484 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12488 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
12489 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
12490 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
12491 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
12499 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
12500 identification (ISO 4217)
12518 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12520 code2currency(), currency2code()
12526 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12528 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
12536 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12540 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
12548 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
12565 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12567 code2language(), language2code()
12573 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12575 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
12583 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12587 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
12588 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
12596 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
12604 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12610 =item Construction Methods
12612 =item The "maketext" Method
12614 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
12616 =item Utility Methods
12618 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
12619 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
12620 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
12621 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
12623 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
12627 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
12629 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
12631 =item BRACKET NOTATION
12633 =item AUTO LEXICONS
12635 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
12637 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
12641 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12647 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
12655 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
12659 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
12661 =item The Linguistic View
12663 =item Breaking gettext
12665 =item Replacing gettext
12667 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
12669 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
12671 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
12673 =item Buzzword: Concision
12675 =item The Devil in the Details
12677 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
12685 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
12693 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
12697 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
12705 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
12706 of quoted-printable strings
12714 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12720 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
12729 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12735 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
12745 =item Canonical notation
12749 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
12751 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
12755 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
12756 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
12764 =item Autocreating constants
12770 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
12778 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
12786 Canonical notation, Input, Output
12788 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
12798 =item Rounding mode R
12800 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
12801 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
12802 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
12815 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
12821 use Math::BigInt qw(bstr);
12823 =item Autocreating constants
12829 =item Alternative math libraries
12835 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
12839 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), bdiv, bdiv, Modifying and =,
12840 bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types, bsqrt()
12850 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
12860 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
12864 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
12866 the same terms as Perl itself.
12874 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
12887 =item STRINGIFICATION
12891 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
12897 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
12899 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
12907 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
12915 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
12921 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
12923 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
12927 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12929 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
12933 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
12935 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12937 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
12938 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
12942 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
12948 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
12958 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
12976 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
12978 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
12982 =item OTHER FACILITIES
12988 =item C<flush_cache>
12994 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
12996 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
13004 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
13010 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
13019 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
13030 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
13042 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
13050 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
13058 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
13067 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
13076 =head2 Memoize::Saves - Plug-in module to specify which return values
13093 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
13101 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
13109 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13115 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13119 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13123 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
13133 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
13139 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
13149 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
13152 =item CLASS METHODS
13154 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
13155 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
13156 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
13166 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
13176 requires_firewall HOST
13178 =item NetConfig VALUES
13180 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
13181 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
13182 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
13186 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
13195 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
13203 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
13215 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
13219 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
13220 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
13221 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
13222 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
13223 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
13224 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
13225 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
13226 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
13227 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
13228 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
13229 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
13230 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
13231 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
13235 =item Methods for the adventurous
13241 =item THE dataconn CLASS
13243 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
13244 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
13246 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
13248 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
13250 =item REPORTING BUGS
13258 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
13266 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
13276 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
13280 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
13281 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
13282 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
13283 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
13284 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
13289 =item Extension methods
13291 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
13292 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
13293 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
13294 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
13303 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
13313 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
13325 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
13329 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
13330 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
13331 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
13332 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
13344 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
13352 icmp, udp, tcp, stream, external
13358 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
13359 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
13367 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
13379 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
13383 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), mail ( ADDRESS [,
13384 OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail (
13385 ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ),
13386 to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc (
13387 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify
13388 ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit ()
13398 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
13406 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
13407 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
13415 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
13432 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
13440 =item Where to get this document
13442 =item How to contribute to this document
13446 =item Author and Copyright Information
13454 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
13458 =item What is libnet ?
13460 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
13462 =item What other modules do I need ?
13464 =item What machines support libnet ?
13466 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
13470 =item Using Net::FTP
13474 =item How do I download files from a FTP server ?
13476 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
13478 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
13480 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
13483 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
13485 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
13487 =item How do I get a directory listing from a FTP server ?
13489 =item Changeing directory to "" does not fail ?
13491 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
13493 =item I am behind a FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
13496 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
13498 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
13501 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
13504 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
13508 =item Using Net::SMTP
13512 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
13515 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
13517 =item The verify method always returns true ?
13521 =item Debugging scripts
13525 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
13529 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
13533 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
13550 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
13565 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
13582 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
13590 =item THE .netrc FILE
13592 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
13597 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
13601 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
13611 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
13621 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13627 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
13635 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13641 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13645 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13649 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
13661 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
13663 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
13664 or optag, an operator set (opset)
13666 =item Opcode Functions
13668 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
13669 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
13670 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
13673 =item Manipulating Opsets
13675 =item TO DO (maybe)
13681 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
13683 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
13684 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
13685 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
13694 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
13703 a new namespace, an operator mask
13709 =item RECENT CHANGES
13711 =item Methods in class Safe
13713 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
13714 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
13715 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
13716 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
13718 =item Some Safety Issues
13720 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
13728 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
13741 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
13755 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
13756 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
13757 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
13758 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
13759 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
13760 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
13761 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
13762 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
13763 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
13764 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
13765 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
13766 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
13767 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
13768 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
13769 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
13770 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
13771 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
13772 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
13773 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
13774 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
13775 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
13776 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
13777 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
13778 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
13779 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
13786 =item POSIX::SigAction
13790 =item POSIX::SigSet
13792 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
13794 =item POSIX::Termios
13796 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
13797 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
13798 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
13799 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
13800 values, c_oflag field values
13804 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
13808 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
13812 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
13870 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
13879 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
13883 =item Defaults and how to override them
13893 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
13903 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
13911 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
13912 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
13913 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
13914 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
13915 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
13916 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
13917 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
13921 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
13927 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
13933 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
13945 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
13946 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
13947 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
13948 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
13949 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
13950 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
13951 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
13952 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
13957 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
13958 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
13959 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
13960 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
13961 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
13962 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
13966 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
13967 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
13979 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
13981 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
13984 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
13986 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
13988 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
13990 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
13992 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
14000 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
14012 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
14014 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
14021 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
14027 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
14029 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
14036 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
14048 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
14058 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
14059 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
14074 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
14087 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
14088 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
14094 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
14118 =item B<was_cutting()>
14124 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
14130 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
14136 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
14142 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
14148 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14154 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
14160 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
14166 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
14172 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
14178 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
14184 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
14190 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
14196 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
14202 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
14208 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
14214 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14220 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
14226 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
14232 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
14238 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
14244 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
14250 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
14256 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
14262 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
14268 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
14274 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
14280 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
14286 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
14292 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
14304 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
14316 =item OBJECT METHODS
14324 =item Data Accessors
14340 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
14342 B<StartWithNewPage>
14356 =item Subclassed methods
14370 B<interior_sequence>
14386 =item Methods for headings
14394 =item Internal methods
14400 B<_replace_special_chars>
14406 B<_clean_latex_commands>
14422 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
14430 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
14435 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
14436 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
14437 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown sequence %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back
14445 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14449 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
14463 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
14471 $list-E<gt>indent()
14479 $list-E<gt>parent()
14485 =item Pod::Hyperlink
14487 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
14491 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
14493 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
14497 $link-E<gt>warning()
14499 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
14505 $link-E<gt>alttext()
14515 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
14521 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
14525 =item Pod::Cache::Item
14527 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
14531 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
14533 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
14535 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
14537 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
14539 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
14541 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
14543 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
14553 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
14565 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
14567 =item PARSING OPTIONS
14569 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
14570 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
14576 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14584 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14590 =item B<verbatim()>
14592 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14598 =item B<textblock()>
14600 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14606 =item B<interior_sequence()>
14612 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14624 =item B<initialize()>
14630 =item B<begin_pod()>
14636 =item B<begin_input()>
14642 =item B<end_input()>
14654 =item B<preprocess_line()>
14660 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
14666 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
14672 =item B<parse_text()>
14674 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
14675 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
14676 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
14682 =item B<interpolate()>
14688 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
14694 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
14700 =item B<parse_from_file()>
14706 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
14712 =item B<errorsub()>
14724 =item B<parseopts()>
14730 =item B<output_file()>
14736 =item B<output_handle()>
14742 =item B<input_file()>
14748 =item B<input_handle()>
14754 =item B<input_streams()>
14760 =item B<top_stream()>
14766 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14772 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
14778 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
14784 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
14792 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
14812 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
14825 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
14827 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
14833 =item OBJECT METHODS
14839 =item B<curr_headings()>
14851 =item B<add_selection()>
14857 =item B<clear_selections()>
14863 =item B<match_section()>
14869 =item B<is_selected()>
14875 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
14881 =item B<podselect()>
14883 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
14889 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14895 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
14901 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
14907 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
14919 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
14927 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
14931 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
14932 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
14933 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
14943 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14947 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
14961 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14965 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
14980 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14984 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
14985 text with format escapes
14997 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15001 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
15010 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
15019 =item Recommended Use
15027 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
15031 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
15039 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15045 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15049 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15053 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
15061 a new namespace, an operator mask
15067 =item RECENT CHANGES
15069 =item Methods in class Safe
15071 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
15072 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
15073 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
15074 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
15076 =item Some Safety Issues
15078 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
15086 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
15094 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
15095 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
15103 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
15113 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
15123 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
15133 =item The __DATA__ token
15135 =item SelfLoader autoloading
15137 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
15139 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
15141 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
15143 =item Classes and inherited methods.
15147 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
15151 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
15161 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
15169 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
15170 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
15178 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
15179 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
15180 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
15181 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
15182 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
15186 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
15196 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
15200 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
15202 =item ERROR REPORTING
15210 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
15215 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
15216 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
15240 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
15254 =item Allowing fall-through
15256 =item Automating fall-through
15258 =item Alternative syntax
15260 =item Higher-order Operations
15274 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
15284 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
15296 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
15297 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
15305 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
15306 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
15317 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
15318 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
15326 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
15327 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
15338 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
15348 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
15349 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
15350 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
15354 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
15368 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
15380 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
15388 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
15398 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
15399 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
15407 =item Minimal set of supported functions
15409 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
15410 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
15412 =item Additional supported functions
15414 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
15424 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
15450 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
15454 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15464 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
15484 =item Setting up tests
15500 =item Running tests
15506 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
15524 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
15536 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
15540 =item Test Status and Info
15548 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
15568 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
15578 =item The test script output
15580 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
15581 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
15582 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
15586 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
15611 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
15612 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
15613 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
15614 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
15618 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
15619 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
15634 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
15644 =item I love it when a plan comes together
15654 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
15682 =item Conditional tests
15692 =item Comparision functions
15708 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15710 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family have some caveats, Test::Harness
15721 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
15747 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Pod::Tests>, L<SelfTest>,
15752 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
15760 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
15762 =item Where to start?
15766 =item Test the manual
15768 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
15770 =item Testing lots of values
15772 =item Informative names
15774 =item Skipping tests
15778 =item Testing with taint mode.
15786 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
15798 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
15808 =item General behaviour in list contexts
15812 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
15814 =item A note about prefixes
15816 =item C<extract_delimited>
15818 =item C<extract_bracketed>
15820 =item C<extract_tagged>
15822 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
15823 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
15825 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
15827 =item C<extract_quotelike>
15829 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
15831 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
15833 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
15835 =item C<extract_codeblock>
15837 =item C<extract_multiple>
15839 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
15845 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
15846 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
15847 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
15848 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
15849 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
15850 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
15851 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
15852 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
15853 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
15854 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
15855 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
15856 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
15861 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15867 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
15882 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
15899 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
15914 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
15930 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
15943 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
15944 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
15945 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
15949 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
15957 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
15965 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15967 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
15973 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
15981 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15983 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
15987 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
15999 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
16009 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
16017 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
16018 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
16019 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
16020 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
16028 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
16037 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
16038 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
16039 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
16040 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
16042 =item MORE INFORMATION
16044 =item COMPATIBILITY
16048 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
16056 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
16057 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
16061 =item MORE INFORMATION
16065 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
16083 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
16092 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
16094 =item MORE INFORMATION
16098 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
16110 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution ualarm, usleep, and gettimeofday
16118 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
16119 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
16120 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
16121 getitimer ( $which )
16137 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
16145 =item IMPLEMENTATION
16151 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
16166 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
16181 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
16193 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
16201 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
16202 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
16206 =head2 Unicode::Collate - use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
16216 =item Constructor and Tailoring
16218 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
16219 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
16220 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
16222 =item Other methods
16224 C<@sorted = $UCA-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result = $UCA-E<gt>cmp($a,
16225 $b)>, C<$sortKey = $UCA-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
16226 $UCA-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
16227 $UCA-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
16239 L<Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util>, L<Unicode::Normalize>, Unicode Collation
16240 Algorithm - Unicode TR #10
16244 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - normalized forms of Unicode text
16252 C<$string_NFD = NFD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFC = NFC($raw_string)>,
16253 C<$string_NFKD = NFKD($raw_string)>, C<$string_NFKC = NFKC($raw_string)>,
16254 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $raw_string)>
16266 L<Lingua::KO::Hangul::Util>, http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/
16270 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
16312 =item Blocks versus Scripts
16314 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
16316 =item Code Point Arguments
16342 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
16348 =item Implementation Note
16358 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
16373 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
16384 =item System Specifics
16398 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
16406 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
16408 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
16409 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
16410 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
16411 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
16412 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
16413 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
16414 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
16415 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
16416 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
16417 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
16418 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
16419 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
16420 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
16421 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
16422 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
16423 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
16429 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
16447 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
16459 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
16461 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
16462 don't all have manual pages yet:
16488 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles