4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Platform-Specific
56 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
66 =item Running Perl programs
68 =item Basic syntax overview
70 =item Perl variable types
72 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
74 =item Variable scoping
76 =item Conditional and looping constructs
78 if, while, for, foreach
80 =item Builtin operators and functions
82 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
87 =item Regular expressions
89 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
90 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
92 =item Writing subroutines
96 =item Using Perl modules
104 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11
113 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
115 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
117 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
121 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
123 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
125 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
127 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
129 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
131 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
135 =item About the perlfaq documents
139 =item Where to get the perlfaq
141 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
143 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
150 =item Author and Copyright Information
154 =item Bundled Distributions
162 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
163 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
164 Initial Release: 11/March/97
168 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
176 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
186 =item Simple statements
188 =item Compound statements
196 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
200 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
202 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
208 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
222 =item Scalar value constructors
224 =item List value constructors
228 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
236 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
246 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
248 =item The Arrow Operator
250 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
254 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
256 =item Binding Operators
258 =item Multiplicative Operators
260 =item Additive Operators
262 =item Shift Operators
264 =item Named Unary Operators
266 =item Relational Operators
268 =item Equality Operators
272 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
274 =item C-style Logical And
276 =item C-style Logical Or
278 =item Range Operators
280 =item Conditional Operator
282 =item Assignment Operators
286 =item List Operators (Rightward)
292 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
294 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
296 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
298 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
300 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
302 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
303 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
304 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
305 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
307 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
309 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
310 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
311 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
312 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
317 =item Constant Folding
319 =item Bitwise String Operators
321 =item Integer Arithmetic
323 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
331 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
341 =item Private Variables via my()
343 =item Persistent Private Variables
345 =item Temporary Values via local()
347 =item Lvalue subroutines
349 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
351 =item When to Still Use local()
353 =item Pass by Reference
357 =item Constant Functions
359 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
363 =item Subroutine Attributes
371 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
379 =item Perl Functions by Category
381 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
382 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
383 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
384 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
385 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
386 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
387 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
388 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
389 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
390 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
395 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
397 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
398 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
399 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
400 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
401 chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr
402 NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir
403 DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt
404 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR,
405 defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR,
406 dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
407 BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
408 fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
409 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
410 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
411 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
412 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
413 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
414 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
415 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
416 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
417 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
418 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
419 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
420 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
421 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
422 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc,
423 lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
424 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log,
425 lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK,
426 mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
427 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES,
428 next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
429 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
430 FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord
431 EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package
432 NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos
433 SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE
434 FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST,
435 q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR,
436 quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
437 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
438 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
439 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
440 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
441 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
442 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
443 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
444 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
445 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
446 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
447 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
448 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
449 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
450 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
451 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
452 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
453 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
454 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
455 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
456 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
457 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
458 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
459 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
460 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
461 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
462 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
463 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
464 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
465 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
466 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
467 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
468 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
469 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
475 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
481 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
489 =item Making References
491 =item Using References
509 =item Distribution Conditions
515 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
521 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
522 more elaborate constructs
526 =item COMMON MISTAKES
528 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
530 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
536 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
540 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
542 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
544 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
548 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
552 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
554 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
556 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
560 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
564 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
566 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
568 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
572 =item HASHES OF HASHES
576 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
578 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
580 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
584 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
588 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
590 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
592 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
604 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
614 =item Simple word matching
616 =item Using character classes
618 =item Matching this or that
620 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
622 =item Extracting matches
624 =item Matching repetitions
628 =item Search and replace
630 =item The split operator
638 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
642 =item Acknowledgments
648 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
656 =item Ordinary Paragraph
658 =item Verbatim Paragraph
660 =item Command Paragraph
662 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
663 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
664 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
665 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
667 =item Formatting Codes
669 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
670 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
671 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
672 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
673 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
674 (zero-effect) formatting code
678 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
680 =item Hints for Writing Pod
690 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
697 =item Pod Definitions
701 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
702 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
704 =item Pod Formatting Codes
706 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
707 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
708 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
709 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
710 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
711 contains non-breaking spaces
713 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
715 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
717 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
719 =item About =over...=back Regions
721 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
729 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
737 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
755 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
757 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
758 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
759 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
760 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
762 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
764 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
765 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
766 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
770 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
772 =item Numerical Traps
774 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
776 =item General data type traps
778 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
779 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
781 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
783 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
785 =item Precedence Traps
787 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
790 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
792 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
793 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
796 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
798 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
804 =item Interpolation Traps
806 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
807 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
813 =item Unclassified Traps
815 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
822 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
832 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
834 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
836 =item Location of Perl
838 =item Command Switches
840 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
841 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
842 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
843 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
844 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
845 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
846 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
852 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
853 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
854 PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to
859 accept() on closed socket %s, Allocation too large: %lx, '!' allowed only
860 after types %s, Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or
861 use &, Ambiguous range in transliteration operator, Ambiguous use of %s
862 resolved as %s, '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line, '|'
863 and '>' may not both be specified on command line, Applying %s to %s will
864 act on scalar(%s), Args must match #! line, Arg too short for msgsnd, %s
865 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY
866 element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, Argument "%s" isn't
867 numeric%s, Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s(), assertion
868 botched: %s, Assertion failed: file "%s", Assignment to both a list and a
869 scalar, Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a fixed hash, Attempt to
870 clear a fixed hash, Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a fixed hash,
871 Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a fixed hash, Attempt to bless
872 into a reference, Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx, Attempt to free
873 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to free temp prematurely, Attempt to
874 free unreferenced glob pointers, Attempt to free unreferenced scalar,
875 Attempt to join self, Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value, Attempt
876 to use reference as lvalue in substr, Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should
877 be %s, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad filehandle: %s, Bad free()
878 ignored, Bad hash, Bad index while coercing array into hash, Badly placed
879 ()'s, Bad name after %s::, Bad realloc() ignored, Bad symbol for array, Bad
880 symbol for filehandle, Bad symbol for hash, Bareword found in conditional,
881 Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use, Bareword "%s" refers
882 to nonexistent package, BEGIN failed--compilation aborted, BEGIN not safe
883 after errors--compilation aborted, \1 better written as $1, Binary number >
884 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, bind() on closed socket
885 %s, binmode() on closed filehandle %s, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable,
886 Bizarre copy of %s in %s, B<-P> not allowed for setuid/setgid script,
887 Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Callback called exit, %s() called
888 too early to check prototype, / cannot take a count, Can't bless
889 non-reference value, Can't call method "%s" in empty package "%s", Can't
890 call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't call method "%s" on unblessed
891 reference, Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference,
892 Can't chdir to %s, Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't
893 coerce array into hash, Can't coerce %s to integer in %s, Can't coerce %s
894 to number in %s, Can't coerce %s to string in %s, Can't create pipe
895 mailbox, Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't declare %s in
896 "%s", Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file, Can't do inplace
897 edit on %s: %s, Can't do inplace edit without backup, Can't do inplace
898 edit: %s would not be unique, Can't do {n,m} with n > m in regex; marked by
899 <-- HERE in m/%s/, Can't do setegid!, Can't do seteuid!, Can't do setuid,
900 Can't do waitpid with flags, Can't emulate -%s on #! line, Can't exec "%s":
901 %s, Can't exec %s, Can't execute %s, Can't find an opnumber for "%s", Can't
902 find %s character property "%s", Can't find label %s, Can't find %s on
903 PATH, Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH, Can't find string terminator
904 %s anywhere before EOF, Can't find %s property definition %s, Can't fork,
905 Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer?, Can't get pipe mailbox device
906 name, Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF, Can't "goto" into the
907 middle of a foreach loop, Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block, Can't goto
908 subroutine from an eval-string, Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine,
909 Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't "last" outside a loop
910 block, Can't localize lexical variable %s, Can't localize pseudo-hash
911 element, Can't localize through a reference, Can't locate file %s, Can't
912 locate auto/%s.al in @INC, Can't locate object method "%s" via package
913 "%s", (perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?), Can't locate package %s for
914 @%s::ISA, Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system, Can't modify
915 %s in %s, Can't modify nonexistent substring, Can't modify non-lvalue
916 subroutine call, Can't msgrcv to read-only var, Can't "next" outside a loop
917 block, Can't open %s: %s, Can't open bidirectional pipe, Can't open error
918 file %s as stderr, Can't open input file %s as stdin, Can't open output
919 file %s as stdout, Can't open output pipe (name: %s), Can't open perl
920 script%s: %s, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't redefine active sort
921 subroutine %s, Can't "redo" outside a loop block, Can't remove %s: %s,
922 skipping file, Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file, Can't reopen input
923 pipe (name: %s) in binary mode, Can't resolve method `%s' overloading `%s'
924 in package `%s', Can't reswap uid and euid, Can't return %s from lvalue
925 subroutine, Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context, Can't return outside
926 a subroutine, Can't stat script "%s", Can't swap uid and euid, Can't take
927 log of %g, Can't take sqrt of %g, Can't undef active subroutine, Can't
928 unshift, Can't upgrade that kind of scalar, Can't upgrade to undef, Can't
929 use an undefined value as %s reference, Can't use anonymous symbol table
930 for method lookup, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs"
931 in use, Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available, Can't use %s for
932 loop variable, Can't use global %s in "my", Can't use "my %s" in sort
933 comparison, Can't use %s ref as %s ref, Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref
934 while "strict refs" in use, Can't use subscript on %s, Can't use \%c to
935 mean $%c in expression, Can't weaken a nonreference, Can't x= to read-only
936 value, Character in "C" format wrapped, Character in "c" format wrapped,
937 close() on unopened filehandle %s, %s: Command not found, Compilation
938 failed in require, Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d)
939 exceeded, connect() on closed socket %s, Constant(%s)%s: %s, Constant is
940 not %s reference, Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s
941 undefined, Copy method did not return a reference, CORE::%s is not a
942 keyword, corrupted regexp pointers, corrupted regexp program, Corrupt
943 malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx, C<-p> destination: %s, C<-T> and C<-B> not
944 implemented on filehandles, Deep recursion on subroutine "%s",
945 defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, %s defines
946 neither package nor VERSION--version check failed, Delimiter for here
947 document is too long, Did not produce a valid header, %s did not return a
948 true value, (Did you mean &%s instead?), (Did you mean "local" instead of
949 "our"?), (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?), Died, Document contains no
950 data, %s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed, Don't know how
951 to handle magic of type '%s', do_study: out of memory, (Do you need to
952 predeclare %s?), dump() better written as CORE::dump(), Duplicate free()
953 ignored, elseif should be elsif, Empty %s, entering effective %s failed,
954 Error converting file specification %s, %s: Eval-group in insecure regular
955 expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time, %s: Eval-group not
956 allowed, use re 'eval', Excessively long <> operator, exec? I'm not *that*
957 kind of operating system, Execution of %s aborted due to compilation
958 errors, Exiting eval via %s, Exiting format via %s, Exiting pseudo-block
959 via %s, Exiting subroutine via %s, Exiting substitution via %s, Explicit
960 blessing to '' (assuming package main), %s: Expression syntax, %s
961 failed--call queue aborted, False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <--
962 HERE in m/%s/, Fatal VMS error at %s, line %d, fcntl is not implemented,
963 Filehandle %s opened only for input, Filehandle %s opened only for output,
964 Final $ should be \$ or $name, Final @ should be \@ or @name, flock() on
965 closed filehandle %s, Quantifier follows nothing in regex;, Format not
966 terminated, Format %s redefined, Found = in conditional, should be ==, %s
967 found where operator expected, gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s",
968 gethostent not implemented, get%sname() on closed socket %s, getpwnam
969 returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s", getsockopt() on closed socket %s,
970 Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name, glob failed (%s), Glob
971 not terminated, Got an error from DosAllocMem, goto must have label,
972 %s-group starts with a count, %s had compilation errors, Had to create %s
973 unexpectedly, Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s(), %s has too
974 many errors, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, Identifier too
975 long, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
976 character %s (carriage return), Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s,
977 Illegal division by zero, Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored, Illegal
978 modulus zero, Illegal number of bits in vec, Illegal octal digit %s,
979 Illegal octal digit %s ignored, Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Ill-formed
980 CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, (in
981 cleanup) %s, In EBCDIC the v-string components cannot exceed 2147483647,
982 Insecure dependency in %s, Insecure directory in %s, Insecure $ENV{%s}
983 while running %s, Integer overflow in %s number, Internal disaster in
984 regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/, Internal inconsistency in tracking
985 vforks, Internal urp in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/, %s (...)
986 interpreted as function, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes:
987 %s, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked
988 by <-- HERE in m/%s/, Invalid [] range "%s" in transliteration operator,
989 Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid type in pack:
990 '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', ioctl is not implemented, ioctl() on
991 unopened %s, IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture, `%s'
992 is not a code reference, `%s' is not an overloadable type, junk on end of
993 regexp, Label not found for "last %s", Label not found for "next %s", Label
994 not found for "redo %s", leaving effective %s failed, listen() on closed
995 socket %s, lstat() on filehandle %s, Lvalue subs returning %s not
996 implemented yet, Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex;,
997 Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, Malformed prototype for %s: %s, Malformed UTF-8
998 character (%s), Malformed UTF-16 surrogate, %s matches null string many
999 times in regex;, "%s" may clash with future reserved word, % may only be
1000 used in unpack, Method for operation %s not found in package %s during
1001 blessing, Method %s not permitted, Might be a runaway multi-line %s string
1002 starting on line %d, Misplaced _ in number, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{},
1003 Missing comma after first argument to %s function, Missing command in piped
1004 open, Missing name in "my sub", Missing $ on loop variable, (Missing
1005 operator before %s?), Missing right brace on %s, Missing right curly or
1006 square bracket, (Missing semicolon on previous line?), Modification of a
1007 read-only value attempted, Modification of non-creatable array value
1008 attempted, %s, Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s,
1009 Module name must be constant, Module name required with -%c option, More
1010 than one argument to open, msg%s not implemented, Multidimensional syntax
1011 %s not supported, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must be followed by
1012 a, A or Z, / must follow a numeric type, "my sub" not yet implemented, "my"
1013 variable %s can't be in a package, Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible
1014 typo, Negative length, Negative offset to vec in lvalue context, Nested
1015 quantifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/, %s never introduced, No
1016 %s allowed while running setuid, No B<-e> allowed in setuid scripts, No
1017 comma allowed after %s, No command into which to pipe on command line, No
1018 DB::DB routine defined, No dbm on this machine, No DBsub routine, No error
1019 file after 2> or 2>> on command line, No input file after < on command
1020 line, No #! line, "no" not allowed in expression, No output file after > on
1021 command line, No output file after > or >> on command line, No package name
1022 allowed for variable %s in "our", No Perl script found in input, No
1023 setregid available, No setreuid available, No space allowed after -%c, No
1024 %s specified for -%c, No such class %s, No such pipe open, No such
1025 pseudo-hash field "%s", No such pseudo-hash field "%s" in variable %s of
1026 type %s, No such signal: SIG%s, Not a CODE reference, Not a format
1027 reference, Not a GLOB reference, Not a HASH reference, Not an ARRAY
1028 reference, Not a perl script, Not a SCALAR reference, Not a subroutine
1029 reference, Not a subroutine reference in overload table, Not enough
1030 arguments for %s, Not enough format arguments, %s: not found, %s not
1031 allowed in length fields, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is
1032 UTC, Null filename used, NULL OP IN RUN, Null picture in formline, Null
1033 realloc, NULL regexp argument, NULL regexp parameter, Number too long,
1034 Octal number in vector unsupported, Octal number > 037777777777
1035 non-portable, Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, Odd number of
1036 elements in anonymous hash, Odd number of elements in hash assignment,
1037 Offset outside string, -%s on unopened filehandle %s, %s() on unopened %s,
1038 oops: oopsAV, oops: oopsHV, Operation `%s': no method found, %s, Operator
1039 or semicolon missing before %s, "our" variable %s redeclared, Out of
1040 memory!, Out of memory during "large" request for %s, Out of memory during
1041 request for %s, Out of memory during ridiculously large request, Out of
1042 memory for yacc stack, @ outside of string, %s package attribute may clash
1043 with future reserved word: %s, page overflow, panic: %s, panic: ck_grep,
1044 panic: ck_split, panic: corrupt saved stack index, panic: del_backref,
1045 panic: die %s, panic: pp_match%s, panic: do_subst, panic: do_trans_%s,
1046 panic: frexp, panic: goto, panic: INTERPCASEMOD, panic: INTERPCONCAT,
1047 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: last, panic: leave_scope clearsv,
1048 panic: leave_scope inconsistency, panic: magic_killbackrefs, panic: malloc,
1049 panic: mapstart, panic: null array, panic: pad_alloc, panic: pad_free
1050 curpad, panic: pad_free po, panic: pad_reset curpad, panic: pad_sv po,
1051 panic: pad_swipe curpad, panic: pad_swipe po, panic: pp_iter, panic:
1052 pp_split, panic: realloc, panic: restartop, panic: return, panic: scan_num,
1053 panic: sv_insert, panic: top_env, panic: yylex, panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd
1054 bytelen, Parentheses missing around "%s" list, Perl %s required--this is
1055 only version %s, stopped, PERL_SH_DIR too long, perl: warning: Setting
1056 locale failed, perlio: argument list not closed for layer "%s", perlio:
1057 invalid separator character %s in attribute list, perlio: unknown layer
1058 "%s", Permission denied, pid %x not a child, P must have an explicit size,
1059 POSIX syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes in regex;, POSIX syntax
1060 [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex;, POSIX syntax [= =] is
1061 reserved for future extensions in regex;, POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in
1062 regex;, POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument, Possible attempt to put
1063 comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas,
1064 Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument, Possible unintended
1065 interpolation of %s in string, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is
1066 deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Precedence problem: open %s
1067 should be open(%s), Premature end of script headers, printf() on closed
1068 filehandle %s, print() on closed filehandle %s, Process terminated by
1069 SIG%s, Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s, Prototype not terminated, Quantifier
1070 in {,} bigger than %d in regex;, Quantifier unexpected on zero-length
1071 expression;, Range iterator outside integer range, readline() on closed
1072 filehandle %s, Reallocation too large: %lx, realloc() of freed memory
1073 ignored, Recompile perl with B<-D>DEBUGGING to use B<-D> switch, Recursive
1074 inheritance detected in package '%s', Recursive inheritance detected while
1075 looking for method %s, Reference found where even-sized list expected,
1076 Reference is already weak, Reference miscount in sv_replace(), Reference to
1077 nonexistent group in regex;, regexp memory corruption, Regexp out of space,
1078 Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, Reversed
1079 %s= operator, Runaway format, Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as
1080 $%s[%s], Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Scalars leaked:
1081 %d, Script is not setuid/setgid in suidperl, Search pattern not terminated,
1082 %sseek() on unopened filehandle, select not implemented, Self-ties of
1083 arrays and hashes are not supported, Semicolon seems to be missing,
1084 semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string, sem%s not implemented, send() on
1085 closed socket %s, Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <-- HERE in
1086 m/%s/, Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced in regex;,
1087 Sequence (?%s...) not implemented in regex;, Sequence (?%s...) not
1088 recognized in regex;, Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex;, 500 Server
1089 error, Server error, setegid() not implemented, seteuid() not implemented,
1090 setpgrp can't take arguments, setrgid() not implemented, setruid() not
1091 implemented, setsockopt() on closed socket %s, Setuid/gid script is
1092 writable by world, shm%s not implemented, <> should be quotes, /%s/ should
1093 probably be written as "%s", shutdown() on closed socket %s, SIG%s handler
1094 "%s" not defined, sort is now a reserved word, Sort subroutine didn't
1095 return a numeric value, Sort subroutine didn't return single value,
1096 splice() offset past end of array, Split loop, Statement unlikely to be
1097 reached, stat() on unopened filehandle %s, Stub found while resolving
1098 method `%s' overloading %s, Subroutine %s redefined, Substitution loop,
1099 Substitution pattern not terminated, Substitution replacement not
1100 terminated, substr outside of string, suidperl is no longer needed since
1101 %s, Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex;, Switch
1102 condition not recognized in regex;, switching effective %s is not
1103 implemented, syntax error, syntax error at line %d: `%s' unexpected, syntax
1104 error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s", %s syntax OK, System V %s
1105 is not implemented on this machine, syswrite() on closed filehandle %s,
1106 Target of goto is too deeply nested, tell() on unopened filehandle, That
1107 use of $[ is unsupported, The crypt() function is unimplemented due to
1108 excessive paranoia, The %s function is unimplemented, The stat preceding %s
1109 wasn't an lstat, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This
1110 Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), times not implemented, Too
1111 few args to syscall, Too late for "B<-T>" option, Too late for "-%s"
1112 option, Too late to run %s block, Too many args to syscall, Too many
1113 arguments for %s, Too many )'s, Too many ('s, Trailing \ in regex m/%s/,
1114 Transliteration pattern not terminated, Transliteration replacement not
1115 terminated, truncate not implemented, Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not
1116 %s), umask not implemented, Unable to create sub named "%s", Unbalanced
1117 context: %d more PUSHes than POPs, Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than
1118 restores, Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs, Unbalanced tmps:
1119 %d more allocs than frees, Undefined format "%s" called, Undefined sort
1120 subroutine "%s" called, Undefined subroutine &%s called, Undefined
1121 subroutine called, Undefined subroutine in sort, Undefined top format "%s"
1122 called, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, %s: Undefined variable,
1123 unexec of %s into %s failed!, Unicode character %s is illegal, Unknown
1124 BYTEORDER, Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s), Unknown switch
1125 condition (?(%.2s in regex;, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x
1126 sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unknown warnings category '%s',
1127 unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/, unmatched ( in regex;
1128 marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/, Unmatched right %s bracket, Unquoted string
1129 "%s" may clash with future reserved word, Unrecognized character %s, /%s/:
1130 Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, Unrecognized
1131 escape \\%c passed through in regex;, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed
1132 through, Unrecognized signal name "%s", Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will
1133 show valid options), Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline,
1134 Unsupported directory function "%s" called, Unsupported function %s,
1135 Unsupported function fork, Unsupported script encoding, Unsupported socket
1136 function "%s" called, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute
1137 parameter in attribute list, Unterminated compressed integer, Unterminated
1138 <> operator, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Useless
1139 (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex;, Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier
1140 in regex;, Useless use of %s in void context, Useless use of "re" pragma,
1141 Useless use of sort in scalar context, Useless use of %s with no values,
1142 "use" not allowed in expression, Use of bare << to mean <<"" is deprecated,
1143 Use of *glob{FILEHANDLE} is deprecated, Use of chdir('') or chdir(undef) as
1144 chdir() deprecated, Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated, Use of
1145 inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated, Use of -l on
1146 filehandle %s, Use of "package" with no arguments is deprecated, Use of %s
1147 in printf format not supported, Use of $* is deprecated, Use of %s is
1148 deprecated, Use of $# is deprecated, Use of reference "%s" as array index,
1149 Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, Use of tainted arguments in %s is
1150 deprecated, Use of uninitialized value%s, Using a hash as a reference is
1151 deprecated, Using an array as a reference is deprecated, UTF-16 surrogate
1152 %s, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(), Value of CLI symbol "%s"
1153 too long, Variable "%s" is not imported%s, "%s" variable %s masks earlier
1154 declaration in same %s, Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable syntax,
1155 Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Variable length lookbehind not
1156 implemented in regex;, Version number must be a constant number, v-string
1157 in use/require is non-portable, Warning: something's wrong, Warning: unable
1158 to close filehandle %s properly, Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses
1159 is ambiguous, Wide character in %s, write() on closed filehandle %s, X
1160 outside of string, x outside of string, Xsub "%s" called in sort, Xsub
1161 called in sort, YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET!, You
1166 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
1174 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
1176 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
1178 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
1182 =item Backward Compatibility
1184 =item Category Hierarchy
1186 =item Fatal Warnings
1188 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
1200 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
1208 =item Looking at data and -w and v
1212 =item Stepping through code
1214 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
1216 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
1234 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
1240 =item The Perl Debugger
1244 =item Debugger Commands
1246 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars],
1247 T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l
1248 line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L [abw], S
1249 [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b
1250 postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, B line, B
1251 *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W expr, W *, o, o booloption ..,
1252 o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, >
1253 command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, !
1254 pattern, !! cmd, @ file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m
1255 expr, M, man [manpage]
1257 =item Configurable Options
1259 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
1260 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
1261 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
1262 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
1263 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
1264 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
1267 =item Debugger input/output
1269 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
1272 =item Debugging compile-time statements
1274 =item Debugger Customization
1276 =item Readline Support
1278 =item Editor Support for Debugging
1280 =item The Perl Profiler
1284 =item Debugging regular expressions
1286 =item Debugging memory usage
1294 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1302 =item Predefined Names
1304 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1305 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1306 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1307 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1308 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1309 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1310 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1311 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1312 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1313 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1314 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1315 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1316 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1317 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1318 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1319 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1320 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1321 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1322 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1323 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1324 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1325 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1326 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1327 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1328 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1329 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1330 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1331 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1332 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1333 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1335 =item Error Indicators
1337 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1345 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1353 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1355 =item Growing Your Own
1357 =item Access and Printing
1369 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1375 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1383 =item The Minus File
1385 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1391 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1395 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1399 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1403 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1405 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1407 =item Paths as Opens
1409 =item Single Argument Open
1411 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1415 =item Other I/O Issues
1419 =item Opening Non-File Files
1429 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1435 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1441 =item The Basic Principle
1445 =item Packing Numbers
1451 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1453 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1455 =item Floating point Numbers
1459 =item Exotic Templates
1471 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1475 =item Lengths and Widths
1479 =item String Lengths
1481 =item Dynamic Templates
1485 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1489 =item The Alignment Pit
1491 =item Alignment, Take 2
1493 =item Alignment, Take 3
1495 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1501 =item Funnies Section
1507 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1513 =item Part 1: The basics
1517 =item Simple word matching
1519 =item Using character classes
1521 =item Matching this or that
1523 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1525 =item Extracting matches
1527 =item Matching repetitions
1529 =item Building a regexp
1531 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1535 =item Part 2: Power tools
1539 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1541 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1543 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1545 =item Non-capturing groupings
1547 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1549 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1551 =item Conditional expressions
1553 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1555 =item Pragmas and debugging
1563 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1567 =item Acknowledgments
1573 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1583 =item Regular Expressions
1585 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1587 =item Extended Patterns
1589 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1590 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1591 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1592 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1596 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1598 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1600 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1602 =item Combining pieces together
1604 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1605 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1606 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1607 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1609 =item Creating custom RE engines
1619 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1629 =item Making References
1631 =item Using References
1633 =item Symbolic references
1635 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1637 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1639 =item Function Templates
1649 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1657 =item Format Variables
1667 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1675 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1683 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1685 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1687 =item Invoking a barnyard
1689 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1691 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1693 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1695 =item A few notes about @ISA
1697 =item Overriding the methods
1699 =item Starting the search from a different place
1701 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1703 =item Where we're at so far...
1705 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1707 =item Invoking an instance method
1709 =item Accessing the instance data
1711 =item How to build a horse
1713 =item Inheriting the constructor
1715 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1717 =item Adding parameters to a method
1719 =item More interesting instances
1721 =item A horse of a different color
1733 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1739 =item Creating a Class
1743 =item Object Representation
1745 =item Class Interface
1747 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1749 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1753 =item Other Object Methods
1761 =item Accessing Class Data
1763 =item Debugging Methods
1765 =item Class Destructors
1767 =item Documenting the Interface
1777 =item Overridden Methods
1779 =item Multiple Inheritance
1781 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1785 =item Alternate Object Representations
1789 =item Arrays as Objects
1791 =item Closures as Objects
1795 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1799 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1801 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1805 =item Metaclassical Tools
1811 =item Data Members as Variables
1819 =item Object Terminology
1825 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1831 =item Acknowledgments
1837 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1843 =item Class Data in a Can
1845 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1849 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1851 =item Inheritance Concerns
1853 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1855 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1857 =item Monadic Classes
1859 =item Translucent Attributes
1863 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1867 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1869 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1871 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1873 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1875 =item Translucency Revisited
1883 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1885 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1891 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1899 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1901 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1903 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1905 =item Method Invocation
1907 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1909 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1911 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1917 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1925 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1931 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1933 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1935 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1937 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1939 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1941 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1943 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1945 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1947 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1949 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1955 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1967 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1972 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1973 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1974 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1975 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1980 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1981 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1982 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1984 =item Tying FileHandles
1986 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1987 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1992 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
2004 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
2005 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
2021 =item Using open() for IPC
2027 =item Background Processes
2029 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
2031 =item Safe Pipe Opens
2033 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
2035 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
2039 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
2043 =item Internet Line Terminators
2045 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
2047 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
2051 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
2055 =item A Simple Client
2057 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
2059 =item A Webget Client
2061 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
2065 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
2067 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
2069 =item UDP: Message Passing
2083 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
2093 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
2095 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
2096 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
2097 files, directories and network sockets
2099 =item Resource limits
2101 =item Killing the parent process
2103 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
2105 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
2107 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
2108 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
2109 application, Thread-safety of extensions
2121 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
2129 =item Storing numbers
2131 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
2133 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
2135 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
2136 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
2137 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
2146 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
2154 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
2160 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2162 =item Threaded Program Models
2174 =item Native threads
2176 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2178 =item Threadsafe Modules
2184 =item Basic Thread Support
2186 =item Creating Threads
2188 =item Giving up control
2190 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2192 =item Errors In Threads
2194 =item Ignoring A Thread
2198 =item Threads And Data
2202 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2204 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2206 =item Controlling access: lock()
2208 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2210 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2214 =item Threads And Code
2218 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2220 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
2222 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
2224 =item Subroutine Locks
2228 =item Locking A Subroutine
2232 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2236 =item What Thread Am I In?
2240 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2242 =item What Threads Are Running?
2246 =item A Complete Example
2254 =item Introductory Texts
2256 =item OS-Related References
2258 =item Other References
2262 =item Acknowledgements
2270 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2276 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2285 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2287 =item Files and Filesystems
2289 =item System Interaction
2291 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2293 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2295 =item Standard Modules
2299 =item Character sets and character encoding
2301 =item Internationalisation
2303 =item System Resources
2313 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2314 http://testers.cpan.org/
2322 =item DOS and Derivatives
2330 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2338 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2342 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2344 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2345 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2346 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2347 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2348 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2349 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2350 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2351 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2352 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
2353 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
2354 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt
2355 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR,
2356 kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR,
2357 lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv
2358 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe
2359 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
2360 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
2361 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2362 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2363 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2364 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2365 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2366 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2367 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2368 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2369 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2375 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2376 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2377 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2378 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2379 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2380 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2382 =item Supported Platforms
2386 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2390 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2397 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2403 =item The use locale pragma
2405 =item The setlocale function
2407 =item Finding locales
2409 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2411 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2413 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2415 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2417 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2419 =item The localeconv function
2421 =item I18N::Langinfo
2425 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2429 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2431 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2433 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2435 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2439 =item Other categories
2447 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2448 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2454 =item Backward compatibility
2456 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2458 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2460 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2462 =item Freely available locale definitions
2466 =item An imperfect standard
2470 =item Unicode and UTF-8
2476 =item Broken systems
2486 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2496 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2498 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2500 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
2502 =item Creating Unicode
2504 =item Handling Unicode
2506 =item Legacy Encodings
2510 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2514 =item Advanced Topics
2518 =item Questions With Answers
2522 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2524 =item Further Resources
2528 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2532 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
2534 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2538 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2546 =item Important Caveats
2548 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2549 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2551 =item Byte and Character semantics
2553 =item Effects of character semantics
2559 =item Character encodings for input and output
2561 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
2563 =item Unicode Encodings
2565 =item Security Implications of Malformed UTF-8
2567 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2571 =item Using Unicode in XS
2581 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2587 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2595 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2599 =item 13 variant characters
2607 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
2609 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
2611 =item Unicode and UTF
2617 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2619 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2621 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2635 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2637 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2639 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2641 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2649 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2651 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2653 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2655 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2659 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2663 =item URL decoding and encoding
2665 =item uu encoding and decoding
2667 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2669 =item Caesarian ciphers
2673 =item Hashing order and checksums
2677 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2689 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2709 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2717 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2719 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2721 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2725 =item Protecting Your Programs
2733 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2745 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2751 =item Making your module threadsafe
2759 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2769 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2770 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2784 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2790 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2794 =item Pragmatic Modules
2796 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2797 diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer, less, locale, open,
2798 ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, utf8, vars,
2799 vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
2801 =item Standard Modules
2803 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2804 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2805 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2806 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2807 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2808 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2809 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2810 Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2811 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
2812 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS,
2813 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
2814 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
2815 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
2816 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
2817 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
2818 File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc,
2819 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2820 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
2821 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
2822 I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2,
2823 IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
2824 Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13,
2825 Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2826 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
2827 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
2828 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd,
2829 Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3,
2830 Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
2831 Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
2832 Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
2833 Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
2834 Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2835 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, Pod::t::basic,
2836 SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket,
2837 Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
2838 Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
2839 Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple,
2840 Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2841 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Tie::Array, Tie::File,
2842 Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar,
2843 Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm,
2844 UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2846 =item Extension Modules
2858 =item Central America
2870 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2874 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2876 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2878 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2886 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2892 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2896 =item Before you start
2904 =item Release considerations
2908 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2912 =item Has it been done before?
2914 =item Do one thing and do it well
2916 =item What's in a name?
2920 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2924 =item To OO or not to OO?
2926 =item Designing your API
2928 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2929 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2932 =item Strictness and warnings
2934 =item Backwards compatibility
2936 =item Error handling and messages
2940 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2946 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2950 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2954 =item Version numbering
2956 =item Pre-requisites
2966 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2970 =item Reinventing the wheel
2972 =item Trying to do too much
2974 =item Inappropriate documentation
2980 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2981 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2987 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2997 =item What should I make into a module?
2999 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
3001 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
3003 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
3005 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
3006 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
3007 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
3009 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
3011 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
3012 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
3022 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.7 $, $Date:
3023 2002/02/21 14:49:15 $)
3033 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
3035 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
3037 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
3039 =item What is perl6?
3041 =item How stable is Perl?
3043 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
3045 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
3048 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
3050 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
3052 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
3054 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
3056 =item What is a JAPH?
3058 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
3060 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
3061 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
3065 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3069 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.9 $,
3070 $Date: 2002/03/09 21:01:13 $)
3078 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
3080 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
3082 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
3084 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
3087 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
3088 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
3090 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
3091 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
3093 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
3095 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
3097 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
3099 =item Where should I post source code?
3103 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
3105 =item Perl in Magazines
3107 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
3109 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
3111 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
3113 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
3115 =item Where do I send bug reports?
3117 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
3121 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3125 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2002/02/11
3134 =item How do I do (anything)?
3136 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
3138 =item Is there a Perl shell?
3140 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
3142 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
3144 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
3146 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
3148 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
3150 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
3152 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
3153 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
3154 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
3156 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
3158 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
3160 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
3162 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
3164 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
3166 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
3168 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
3170 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
3171 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
3173 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
3175 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
3177 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
3179 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
3181 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
3183 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
3185 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
3187 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
3189 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
3191 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
3193 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
3195 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
3197 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
3198 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
3200 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
3202 =item What's MakeMaker?
3206 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3210 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.19 $, $Date: 2002/03/11
3221 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
3222 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
3224 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
3226 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
3229 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
3231 B<How do I convert Hexadecimal into decimal:>, B<How do I convert from
3232 decimal to hexadecimal:>, B<How do I convert from octal to decimal:>, B<How
3233 do I convert from decimal to octal:>, B<How do I convert from binary to
3234 decimal:>, B<How do I convert from decimal to binary:>
3236 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
3238 =item How do I multiply matrices?
3240 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
3242 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
3244 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
3246 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
3254 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
3256 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
3258 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
3260 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
3262 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
3264 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
3266 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
3274 =item How do I validate input?
3276 =item How do I unescape a string?
3278 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
3280 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
3282 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
3284 =item How do I reverse a string?
3286 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
3288 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
3290 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
3292 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
3294 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
3297 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
3299 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
3300 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
3302 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3304 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3306 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3308 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3310 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3312 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3314 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3316 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3317 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3326 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3328 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3330 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3334 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3337 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3338 intersection of two arrays?
3340 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3342 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3344 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3346 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3348 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3350 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3352 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3354 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3356 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3358 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3360 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3364 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3368 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3370 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3373 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3375 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3377 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3379 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3381 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3383 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3385 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3387 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3389 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3391 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3393 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3396 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3397 array of hashes or arrays?
3399 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3407 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3409 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3411 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3413 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3415 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3417 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3419 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3423 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3427 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: 2002/03/11
3436 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3438 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3439 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3441 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3443 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3445 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3447 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3448 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3450 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3452 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3454 =item How can I write() into a string?
3456 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3458 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3460 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3462 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3464 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3466 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3468 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3470 =item How can I lock a file?
3472 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3474 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3475 the file. How can I do this?
3477 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3478 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3480 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3482 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3484 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3486 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3488 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3490 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3492 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3494 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3496 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3498 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3500 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3502 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
3503 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3505 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3507 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3508 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3510 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3512 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3516 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3520 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/01/31
3529 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3530 and unmaintainable code?
3532 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3534 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3536 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3539 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3541 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3544 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3546 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3548 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3550 =item What is C</o> really for?
3552 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3555 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3557 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3559 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3561 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3563 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3565 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3567 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3569 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3571 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3573 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3575 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3577 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3579 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3583 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3587 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.7 $, $Date:
3588 2002/01/31 04:27:55 $)
3596 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3598 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3601 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3604 =item How do I skip some return values?
3606 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3608 =item What's an extension?
3610 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3612 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3614 =item How do I create a module?
3616 =item How do I create a class?
3618 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3620 =item What's a closure?
3622 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3624 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3627 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3630 =item How do I create a static variable?
3632 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3633 Between local() and my()?
3635 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3638 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3640 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3642 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3644 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3646 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3648 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3650 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3652 =item How can I find out my current package?
3654 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3656 =item How do I clear a package?
3658 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3662 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3666 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.6 $, $Date: 2002/01/28
3675 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3677 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3679 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3681 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3683 =item How do I print something out in color?
3685 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3687 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3689 =item How do I clear the screen?
3691 =item How do I get the screen size?
3693 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3695 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3697 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3699 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3701 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3703 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3705 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3707 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3709 =item How do I set the time and date?
3711 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3713 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3715 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3717 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3718 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3720 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3722 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3724 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3726 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3728 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3730 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3732 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3734 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3736 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3738 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3741 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3743 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3745 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3747 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3750 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3751 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3752 changes to be visible?
3756 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3759 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3761 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3763 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3765 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3767 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3769 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3771 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3773 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3775 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3777 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3779 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3781 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3784 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3786 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3790 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3794 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.7 $, $Date: 2002/01/28 04:17:27
3803 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3805 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3808 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3810 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3812 =item How do I extract URLs?
3814 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3815 file on another machine?
3817 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3819 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3821 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3823 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3825 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3827 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3829 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3831 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3832 CGI script to do bad things?
3834 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3836 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3838 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3840 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3842 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3844 =item How do I send mail?
3846 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3848 =item How do I read mail?
3850 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3852 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3854 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3856 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3860 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3864 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3874 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3878 =item Using The Back Ends
3882 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3886 =item The Decompiling Back End
3888 =item The Lint Back End
3890 =item The Simple C Back End
3892 =item The Bytecode Back End
3894 =item The Optimized C Back End
3896 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3897 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3898 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3902 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3908 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3918 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3919 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3923 =item Compiling your C program
3925 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3927 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3929 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3931 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3933 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3935 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3937 =item Execution of END blocks
3939 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3941 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3946 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3956 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3962 =item Debugger Internals
3966 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3970 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3972 =item Debugging regular expressions
3976 =item Compile-time output
3978 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3979 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3980 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3983 =item Types of nodes
3985 =item Run-time output
3989 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3993 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3995 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3996 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3999 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
4001 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
4003 =item B<-DL> details
4007 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
4015 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
4027 =item Version caveat
4029 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
4041 =item What has gone on?
4043 =item Writing good test scripts
4047 =item What's new here?
4049 =item Input and Output Parameters
4051 =item The XSUBPP Program
4053 =item The TYPEMAP file
4055 =item Warning about Output Arguments
4059 =item What has happened here?
4061 =item Anatomy of .xs file
4063 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
4065 =item More about XSUB arguments
4067 =item The Argument Stack
4069 =item Extending your Extension
4071 =item Documenting your Extension
4073 =item Installing your Extension
4077 =item New Things in this Example
4081 =item New Things in this Example
4083 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
4085 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
4087 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
4089 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
4105 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
4117 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
4119 =item The Argument Stack
4121 =item The RETVAL Variable
4123 =item The MODULE Keyword
4125 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4127 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4129 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4131 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4133 =item The CODE: Keyword
4135 =item The INIT: Keyword
4137 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4139 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4141 =item Default Parameter Values
4143 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4145 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4147 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4149 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4151 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4153 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4155 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4157 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4159 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4161 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4163 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4165 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4167 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4169 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4171 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4173 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4175 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4177 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4179 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4181 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4183 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4185 =item The CASE: Keyword
4187 =item The & Unary Operator
4189 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4191 =item Using XS With C++
4193 =item Interface Strategy
4195 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4199 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4201 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4213 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4223 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4225 =item File Operations
4227 =item File Input and Output
4229 =item File Positioning
4231 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4233 =item Character Class Tests
4235 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4237 =item Miscellaneous functions
4245 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4257 =item What is an "IV"?
4259 =item Working with SVs
4263 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4265 =item Working with AVs
4267 =item Working with HVs
4269 =item Hash API Extensions
4273 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4275 =item Creating New Variables
4277 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4279 =item Stashes and Globs
4281 =item Double-Typed SVs
4283 =item Magic Variables
4285 =item Assigning Magic
4287 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4291 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4293 =item Localizing changes
4295 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4296 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4297 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4298 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4299 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4300 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4301 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4302 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4303 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4304 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4312 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4314 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4316 =item Memory Allocation
4320 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4324 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4334 =item Examining the tree
4336 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4338 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4340 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4342 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4344 =item Pluggable runops
4348 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4350 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4354 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4356 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4358 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4360 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4362 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4366 =item Internal Functions
4368 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4372 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4374 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4376 =item Source Documentation
4380 =item Unicode Support
4384 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4386 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4388 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4390 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4392 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4394 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4398 =item Custom Operators
4406 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4412 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4414 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4416 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4436 =item Determining the Context
4440 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4446 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4448 =item Passing Parameters
4450 =item Returning a Scalar
4452 =item Returning a list of values
4454 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4456 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4460 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4464 =item Using call_argv
4466 =item Using call_method
4470 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4472 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4474 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4475 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4478 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4480 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4492 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4502 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4503 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4504 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4505 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4509 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4511 =item Administration
4513 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4517 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4518 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4526 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4536 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4538 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4540 B<Decryption Filters>
4542 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4544 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4546 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4558 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4566 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4567 B<filter_fetch_value>
4573 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4575 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4585 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4591 =item "Gimme" Values
4593 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4595 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4597 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4598 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4599 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4601 =item Callback Functions
4603 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4604 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4606 =item Character classes
4608 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4610 =item Cloning an interpreter
4614 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4616 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4618 =item Embedding Functions
4620 load_module, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free,
4621 perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4623 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4625 pack_cat, unpack_str
4627 =item Global Variables
4629 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4633 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4634 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4638 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4640 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4642 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4643 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4644 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4645 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store,
4646 hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4648 =item Magical Functions
4650 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4651 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4652 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4654 =item Memory Management
4656 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Renew, Renewc, Safefree, savepv,
4657 savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4659 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4661 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
4662 strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
4664 =item Numeric functions
4666 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4669 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4671 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4673 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4675 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4676 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4677 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4678 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4679 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4683 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4685 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4687 get_sv, looks_like_number, memcmp_byte_utf8, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV,
4688 newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv,
4689 newSVsv, newSVuv, new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK,
4690 SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
4691 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK,
4692 SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVx, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK,
4693 SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV,
4694 SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen,
4695 SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen,
4696 SvPVx, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT,
4697 SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH,
4698 SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK,
4699 SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVx, SvUVX,
4700 sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte,
4701 sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen,
4702 sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4703 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4704 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm,
4705 sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4706 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4707 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4708 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing,
4709 sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte,
4710 sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags,
4711 sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4712 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4713 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg,
4714 sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv,
4715 sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags,
4716 sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true,
4717 sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn,
4718 sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode,
4719 sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4721 =item Unicode Support
4723 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4724 pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case,
4725 to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr,
4726 utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes,
4727 utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
4729 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4731 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4732 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4734 =item Warning and Dieing
4744 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4751 =item Global Variables
4753 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4764 =item Pad Data Structures
4768 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4772 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4774 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4782 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4792 =item History and Background
4794 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4796 =item Data Structures
4798 =item Functions and Attributes
4800 =item Per-instance Data
4802 =item Layers in action.
4804 =item Per-instance flag bits
4806 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4807 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4808 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4809 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4811 =item Methods in Detail
4813 name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF, PERLIO_K_FASTGETS,
4814 PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, PERLIO_K_RAW, Pushed, Popped, Open, Getarg, Fileno, Dup,
4815 Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, Error, Clearerr,
4816 Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt, Set_ptrcnt
4820 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4822 =item Extension Layers
4824 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4832 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4840 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4841 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4842 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4843 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4844 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4845 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4846 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4847 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4848 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4849 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4850 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4854 =item Co-existence with stdio
4856 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4857 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4859 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4861 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4862 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4863 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4864 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4866 =item Other Functions
4868 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4869 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4875 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4881 =item To do during 5.6.x
4885 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4887 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4889 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4891 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4893 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4897 =item use Thread for iThreads
4899 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4901 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4903 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4905 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4907 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4909 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4911 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4913 =item Complete signal handling
4915 =item Out-of-source builds
4917 =item POSIX realtime support
4919 =item UNIX98 support
4923 =item Long double conversion
4927 =item Thread-safe regexes
4929 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4931 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4933 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4935 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4937 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
4939 =item Custom opcodes
4941 =item DLL Versioning
4943 =item Introduce @( and @)
4945 =item Floating point handling
4947 =item IV/UV preservation
4949 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4951 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4953 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4955 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4957 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4959 =item Document Win32 choices
4961 =item Check new modules
4963 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4967 =item To do at some point
4971 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4973 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4975 =item bitfields in pack
4977 =item Cross compilation
4979 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4981 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4983 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4985 =item -i rename file when changed
4987 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4989 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4991 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4993 =item my sub foo { }
4995 =item One-pass global destruction
4997 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4999 =item Cache recently used regexps
5001 =item Re-entrant functions
5003 =item Cross-compilation support
5005 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
5007 =item debugger pragma
5009 =item use less pragma
5011 =item switch structures
5013 =item Cache eval tree
5017 =item Shrink opcode tables
5019 =item Optimize away @_
5021 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
5025 =item Prototype method calls
5027 =item Return context prototype declarations
5031 =item Garbage collection
5035 =item Rewrite perldoc
5037 =item Install .3p manpages
5039 =item Unicode tutorial
5041 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
5043 =item Retargetable installation
5045 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
5047 =item Rename Win32 headers
5049 =item Finish off lvalue functions
5051 =item Update sprintf documentation
5053 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
5055 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
5057 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
5065 =item ref() in list context
5067 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
5069 =item Compile to real threaded code
5071 =item Structured types
5073 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
5075 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
5079 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
5083 =item foreach(reverse ...)
5085 =item Constant function cache
5087 =item Approximate regular expression matching
5095 =item Update guts documentation
5097 =item Add more tests
5099 =item Update auxiliary tools
5103 =item Recently done things
5107 =item Alternative RE syntax module
5109 =item Safe signal handling
5115 =item setitimer and getimiter
5117 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
5119 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
5121 =item Explicit switch statements
5129 =item perlcc to produce executable
5131 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
5133 =item Secure temporary file module
5135 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
5137 =item Turn Cwd into XS
5139 =item Mmap for input
5141 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
5143 =item Add sockatmark support
5145 =item Mailing list archives
5149 =item Integrate MacPerl
5151 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5153 =item Regular expression tutorial
5155 =item Debugging Tutorial
5157 =item Integrate new modules
5159 =item Integrate profiler
5161 =item Y2K error detection
5163 =item Regular expression debugger
5167 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5169 =item Cache precompiled modules
5173 =item Deprecated Wishes
5177 =item Loop control on do{}
5179 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5185 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5187 =item Named prototypes
5189 =item Built-in globbing
5191 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5193 =item Cached hash values
5195 =item Add compression modules
5197 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5199 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5201 =item Make XS easier to use
5203 =item Make embedding easier to use
5207 =item my $Package::variable
5209 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5211 =item "class"-based lexicals
5215 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5217 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5219 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5221 =item Create debugging macros
5223 =item truncate to the people
5225 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5231 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
5237 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
5238 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
5239 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
5240 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
5241 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
5242 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
5243 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
5247 =item Keeping in sync
5249 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
5250 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
5252 =item Why rsync the source tree
5254 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more recent, It's more reliable
5256 =item Why rsync the patches
5258 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
5259 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
5261 =item Perlbug remote interface
5263 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
5264 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
5266 =item Submitting patches
5268 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
5269 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
5271 =item Finding Your Way Around
5273 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
5275 =item Elements of the interpreter
5277 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
5279 =item Internal Variable Types
5285 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5287 =item Millions of Macros
5289 =item Poking at Perl
5291 =item Using a source-level debugger
5293 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5294 finish, 'enter', print
5296 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5300 =item Patching a core module
5302 =item Adding a new function to the core
5304 =item Writing a test
5306 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5307 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5311 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5315 =item Rational Software's Purify
5317 =item Purify on Unix
5319 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5323 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5325 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
5327 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5331 =item Gprof Profiling
5333 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5335 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5337 =item Pixie Profiling
5339 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5342 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5346 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5354 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5362 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5374 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5376 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5380 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5384 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5390 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5392 =item Incompatible Changes
5396 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5398 =item AIX Dynaloading
5400 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time.
5402 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5404 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5406 =item New Unicode Properties
5408 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5410 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5416 =item Core Enhancements
5420 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5424 =item Unicode Overhaul
5426 =item Understanding of Numbers
5428 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5432 =item Modules and Pragmata
5436 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5438 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5442 =item Utility Changes
5444 =item New Documentation
5446 =item Performance Enhancements
5448 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5452 =item Generic Improvements
5454 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5458 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5462 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5466 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5468 =item Changed Internals
5470 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5474 =item Known Problems
5480 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5482 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5484 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5486 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5492 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5494 =item Failure of Thread tests
5498 =item UNICOS and UNICOS/mk
5506 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5508 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5510 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5512 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5514 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5516 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5518 =item The Long Double Support Is Still Experimental
5520 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5524 =item Reporting Bugs
5532 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5538 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5540 =item Incompatible Changes
5544 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5546 =item AIX Dynaloading
5548 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5550 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5556 =item Core Enhancements
5558 =item Modules and Pragmata
5562 =item New Modules and Distributions
5564 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5568 =item Utility Changes
5570 =item New Documentation
5572 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5576 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5578 =item Generic Improvements
5582 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5586 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5590 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5592 =item Source Code Enhancements
5596 =item MAGIC constants
5598 =item Better commented code
5600 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5608 =item Known Problems
5614 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5616 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5618 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5620 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5622 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5624 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5628 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5630 =item Failure of Thread tests
5640 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5642 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5644 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5646 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5648 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5650 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5654 =item Reporting Bugs
5662 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5668 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5670 =item Incompatible Changes
5672 =item Core Enhancements
5676 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5678 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5680 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5684 =item Modules and Pragmata
5690 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5694 =item Performance Enhancements
5696 =item Utility Changes
5698 =item New Documentation
5714 =item README.solaris
5718 =item Porting/repository.pod
5722 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5726 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5728 =item Generic Improvements
5730 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5731 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5732 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5736 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5740 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5744 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5746 =item Changed Internals
5750 =item Known Problems
5754 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5756 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5758 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5760 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5764 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5766 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5768 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5770 =item Failure of Thread tests
5772 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5774 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5776 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5778 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5782 =item Reporting Bugs
5790 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5796 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5798 =item Incompatible Changes
5800 =item Core Enhancements
5802 =item Modules and Pragmata
5808 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5812 =item Utility Changes
5814 =item New Documentation
5816 =item Performance Enhancements
5818 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5822 =item Generic Improvements
5826 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5830 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5834 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5836 =item Changed Internals
5838 =item Known Problems
5842 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5844 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5846 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5848 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5850 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5852 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5854 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5856 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5858 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5860 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5864 =item Reporting Bugs
5872 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5878 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5882 =item Security Issues
5884 =item Core bug fixes
5886 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5887 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5888 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5889 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5890 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5891 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5896 =item Configuration issues
5900 =item Bundled modules
5902 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5903 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5904 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5905 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5907 =item Platform-specific improvements
5909 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5913 =item Core Enhancements
5917 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5919 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5921 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5923 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5925 =item "our" declarations
5927 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5929 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5931 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5933 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5935 =item open() with more than two arguments
5937 =item 64-bit support
5939 =item Large file support
5945 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5947 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5949 =item File globbing implemented internally
5951 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5953 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5955 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5957 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5959 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5961 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5963 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5965 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5967 =item Comments in pack() templates
5969 =item Weak references
5971 =item Binary numbers supported
5973 =item Lvalue subroutines
5975 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5977 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5979 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5981 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5983 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5985 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5987 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5989 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5991 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5993 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5995 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5997 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5999 =item Improved diagnostics
6001 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6003 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6005 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6007 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6009 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6011 =item Improved security features
6013 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6015 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6017 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6019 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6021 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6023 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6025 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6029 =item Modules and Pragmata
6035 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6036 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6037 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6038 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6039 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6040 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6041 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6042 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6048 =item Utility Changes
6062 =item The Perl Debugger
6066 =item Improved Documentation
6068 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6069 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6070 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6071 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6073 =item Performance enhancements
6077 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6079 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6081 =item Faster subroutine calls
6083 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6087 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6091 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6093 =item New Configure flags
6095 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6101 =item -Duselargefiles
6103 =item installusrbinperl
6109 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6111 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6115 =item Platform specific changes
6119 =item Supported platforms
6123 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6131 =item Significant bug fixes
6135 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6137 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6139 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6141 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6143 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6145 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6147 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6149 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6151 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6153 =item Locale bugs fixed
6157 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6159 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6161 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6163 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6167 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6169 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6170 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6171 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6172 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6173 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6174 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6175 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6176 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6177 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6178 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6179 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6180 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6181 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6182 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6183 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6184 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6185 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6186 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6187 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6188 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6189 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6190 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6191 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6192 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6193 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6194 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6195 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6196 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6197 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6198 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6199 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6200 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6201 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6202 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6203 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6204 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6205 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6206 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6207 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6208 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6209 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6210 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6211 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6212 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6213 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6214 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6215 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6216 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6217 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6218 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6222 =item Incompatible Changes
6226 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6228 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6229 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6230 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6231 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6232 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6233 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6234 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6235 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6236 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6237 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6238 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6240 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6242 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6244 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6246 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6248 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6252 =item Known Problems
6256 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6258 =item Known test failures
6262 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6264 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6266 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6268 =item Experimental features
6270 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6271 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6272 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6276 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6278 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6279 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6280 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6281 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6283 =item Reporting Bugs
6291 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6297 =item Core Enhancements
6301 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6303 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6305 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6307 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6309 =item "our" declarations
6311 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6313 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6315 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6317 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6319 =item open() with more than two arguments
6321 =item 64-bit support
6323 =item Large file support
6329 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6331 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6333 =item File globbing implemented internally
6335 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6337 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6339 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6341 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6343 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6345 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6347 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6349 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6351 =item Comments in pack() templates
6353 =item Weak references
6355 =item Binary numbers supported
6357 =item Lvalue subroutines
6359 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6361 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6363 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6365 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6367 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6369 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6371 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6373 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6375 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6377 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6379 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6381 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6383 =item Improved diagnostics
6385 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6387 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6389 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6391 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6393 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6395 =item Improved security features
6397 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6399 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6401 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6403 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6405 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6407 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6409 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6413 =item Modules and Pragmata
6419 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6420 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6421 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6422 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6423 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6424 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6425 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6426 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6432 =item Utility Changes
6446 =item The Perl Debugger
6450 =item Improved Documentation
6452 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6453 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6454 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6455 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6457 =item Performance enhancements
6461 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6463 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6465 =item Faster subroutine calls
6467 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6471 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6475 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6477 =item New Configure flags
6479 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6485 =item -Duselargefiles
6487 =item installusrbinperl
6493 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6497 =item Platform specific changes
6501 =item Supported platforms
6505 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6513 =item Significant bug fixes
6517 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6519 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6521 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6523 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6525 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6527 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6529 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6531 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6533 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6535 =item Locale bugs fixed
6539 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6541 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6543 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6545 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6549 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6551 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6552 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6553 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6554 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6555 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6556 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6557 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6558 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6559 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6560 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6561 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6562 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6563 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6564 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6565 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6566 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6567 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6568 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6569 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6570 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6571 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6572 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6573 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6574 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6575 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6576 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6577 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6578 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6579 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6580 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6581 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6582 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6583 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6584 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6585 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6586 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6587 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6588 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6589 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6590 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6591 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6592 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6593 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6594 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6595 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6596 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6597 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6598 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6599 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6600 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6604 =item Incompatible Changes
6608 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6610 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6611 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6612 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6613 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6614 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6615 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6616 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6617 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6618 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6619 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6620 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6622 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6624 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6626 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6628 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6630 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6634 =item Known Problems
6638 =item Thread test failures
6640 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6642 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6644 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6646 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6649 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6651 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6653 =item Experimental features
6655 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6656 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6657 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6661 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6663 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6664 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6665 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6666 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6668 =item Reporting Bugs
6676 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6682 =item About the new versioning system
6684 =item Incompatible Changes
6688 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6690 =item Default installation structure has changed
6692 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6694 =item C Source Compatibility
6696 =item Binary Compatibility
6698 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6700 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6714 =item Regular Expressions
6716 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6717 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6718 improvements, Incompatible changes
6720 =item Improved malloc()
6722 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6724 =item Reliable signals
6726 =item Reliable stack pointers
6728 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6732 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6734 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6736 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6738 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6740 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6742 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6744 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6746 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6748 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6750 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6752 =item Better locale support
6754 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6756 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6758 =item Extended support for exception handling
6760 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6762 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6764 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6766 =item New C<lock> keyword
6768 =item New C<qr//> operator
6770 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6772 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6774 =item Tied handles support is better
6776 =item 4th argument to substr
6778 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6780 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6782 =item <> now reads in records
6786 =item Supported Platforms
6792 =item Changes in existing support
6796 =item Modules and Pragmata
6802 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6803 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6804 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6806 =item Changes in existing modules
6808 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6809 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6813 =item Utility Changes
6815 =item Documentation Changes
6817 =item New Diagnostics
6819 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6820 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6821 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6822 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6823 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6824 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6825 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6826 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6827 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6828 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6829 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6830 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6831 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6832 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6833 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6834 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6835 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6837 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6839 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6840 temporary file, regexp too big
6842 =item Configuration Changes
6852 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
6858 =item Supported Environments
6864 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6866 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6868 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6870 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6872 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6874 =item More precise warnings
6876 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6878 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6880 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6882 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6884 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6886 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6888 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6890 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6892 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6894 =item Changes to tainting checks
6896 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6897 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6899 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6901 =item Embedding improvements
6903 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6905 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6907 =item New and changed syntax
6911 =item New and changed builtin constants
6915 =item New and changed builtin variables
6919 =item New and changed builtin functions
6921 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6922 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6923 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6924 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6925 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6927 =item New builtin methods
6929 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6931 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6933 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6934 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6936 =item Malloc enhancements
6938 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6940 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6944 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6960 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6961 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6967 =item Required Updates
6969 =item Installation directories
6971 =item Module information summary
6985 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6989 =item Utility Changes
6995 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6999 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
7003 =item C Language API Changes
7005 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
7008 =item Documentation Changes
7010 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
7011 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
7013 =item New Diagnostics
7015 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
7016 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
7017 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
7018 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
7019 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
7020 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
7021 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
7022 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
7023 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
7024 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
7025 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
7026 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
7027 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
7028 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
7029 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
7030 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
7031 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
7032 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
7033 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
7034 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
7035 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
7036 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
7037 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
7038 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
7039 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
7049 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
7057 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
7061 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
7063 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
7065 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
7067 =item Using Large Files with Perl
7073 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
7083 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
7093 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7107 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7109 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7111 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7113 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7119 =item Accessing documentation
7123 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7125 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7127 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7129 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7133 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7137 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7139 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7141 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7143 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7145 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7155 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7163 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7165 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7169 =item Contact Information
7171 =item Update 2002-03-02
7177 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7187 =item gzip on BS2000
7189 =item bison on BS2000
7191 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7193 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7195 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7197 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7199 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7201 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7203 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7237 =item Acknowledgements
7243 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7249 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7253 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7255 =item Cygwin Configuration
7257 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7261 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7265 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7267 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7269 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7270 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
7272 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7274 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7275 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7278 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7280 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7284 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7288 =item Warnings on Cygwin
7294 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7298 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7300 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7302 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
7306 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7308 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7310 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7311 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7313 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7321 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7333 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7337 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7339 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7341 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7343 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7353 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7363 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7367 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7369 =item Building Perl on DOS
7371 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7373 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7377 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7381 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7383 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7385 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7387 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7397 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7405 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7407 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7409 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
7411 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
7415 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
7417 =item PATH Names on Epoc
7419 =item Editors on Epoc
7421 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7423 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7425 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7429 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7437 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7446 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7448 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7460 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7462 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7464 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7466 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7468 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7470 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7472 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7474 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7476 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7478 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7480 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7484 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7492 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7500 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7508 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7517 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7519 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7521 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7523 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7533 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7547 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7553 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7559 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7567 =item Binary distribution from HP
7569 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7571 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7573 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7575 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7577 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7579 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7580 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7582 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7586 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7588 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7590 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7592 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7594 =item Perl/iX Change History
7610 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
7622 =item Build new extensions
7626 =item Acknowledgements
7634 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7654 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7656 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7658 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7662 =item Frequently asked questions
7666 =item "It does not work"
7668 =item I cannot run external programs
7670 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7673 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7676 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7678 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7686 =item Automatic binary installation
7688 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7690 =item Manual binary installation
7692 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7693 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7694 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7695 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7696 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7702 =item Accessing documentation
7706 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7714 =item GNU C<info> files
7726 =item The short story
7730 =item Getting perl source
7732 =item Application of the patches
7740 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7743 =item Installing the built perl
7745 =item C<a.out>-style build
7753 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7755 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7757 =item Problems with tr or sed
7759 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7761 =item Library ... not found
7763 =item Segfault in make
7765 =item op/sprintf test failure
7769 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7773 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7777 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7779 =item Additional modules:
7781 =item Prebuilt methods:
7783 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7784 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7785 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7786 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7787 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7788 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7789 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7790 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7791 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7792 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7793 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
7795 =item Prebuilt variables:
7797 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
7803 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7806 =item Identifying DLLs
7808 =item Centralized management of resources
7824 =item F<perl___.exe>
7826 =item Why strange names?
7828 =item Why dynamic linking?
7830 =item Why chimera build?
7838 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7840 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7842 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7844 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7846 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7848 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7858 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7860 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7862 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7865 =item DLL forwarder generation
7869 =item Calls to external programs
7871 =item Memory allocation
7875 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7891 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7904 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7906 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7908 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7910 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7912 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7914 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7916 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7918 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7920 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7922 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7932 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7940 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7948 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7950 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7952 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7954 =item QNX auxiliary files
7958 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7966 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7976 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7978 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7980 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7982 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7986 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7990 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
8002 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
8010 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
8016 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
8022 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
8024 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
8026 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
8030 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
8034 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
8036 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
8038 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
8042 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
8044 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
8045 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
8046 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
8052 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
8054 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8058 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
8060 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
8064 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
8068 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
8070 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
8074 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
8076 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
8078 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
8088 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
8089 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
8097 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
8099 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
8101 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
8103 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
8105 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
8107 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
8111 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
8117 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
8125 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
8127 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
8133 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
8143 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
8145 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8147 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
8149 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
8151 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
8161 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
8167 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
8175 =item Organization of Perl Images
8181 =item Perl Extensions
8183 =item Installing static extensions
8185 =item Installing dynamic extensions
8189 =item File specifications
8195 =item Wildcard expansion
8201 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8207 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8209 =item Command line switches
8215 =item Perl functions
8217 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
8218 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
8219 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
8220 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
8222 =item Perl variables
8224 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
8226 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
8240 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
8248 =item Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
8250 =item Stratus POSIX Support
8254 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
8258 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
8260 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
8264 =item USING PERL IN VOS
8268 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
8270 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
8274 =item SUPPORT STATUS
8282 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32
8292 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
8294 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC
8298 =item Testing Perl on Win32
8300 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
8302 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
8304 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
8305 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
8306 Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things
8310 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
8314 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
8315 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
8316 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8324 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8326 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8338 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8348 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8349 data structures between threads
8361 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
8362 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8374 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8383 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8384 threads->self, $thread->tid
8388 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
8391 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8395 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
8396 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
8402 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8412 =item Built-in Attributes
8414 locked, method, lvalue
8416 =item Available Subroutines
8420 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8422 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8424 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8432 =item Default exports
8434 =item Available exports
8436 =item Export tags defined
8446 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8458 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8474 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8488 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8502 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8515 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8524 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8526 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8528 =item charnames::vianame(code)
8530 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
8536 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8548 =item List constants
8550 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8552 =item Magic constants
8556 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8566 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8577 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8579 =item The I<splain> Program
8593 =head2 encoding - pragma to control the conversion of legacy data into
8602 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8608 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8622 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8632 =item subpragma access
8638 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
8652 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8663 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8673 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8683 =item Adding directories to @INC
8685 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8687 =item Restoring original @INC
8699 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8710 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
8718 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8720 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8726 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8738 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8748 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8750 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8752 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8754 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8756 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8758 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8760 =item Overloadable Operations
8762 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8763 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8764 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8766 =item Inheritance and overloading
8768 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8769 is inherited by derived classes
8773 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8781 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8783 =item Copy Constructor
8789 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8791 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8792 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8793 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8796 =item Losing overloading
8798 =item Run-time Overloading
8800 =item Public functions
8802 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8804 =item Overloading constants
8806 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8808 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8810 =item Metaphor clash
8816 =item Two-face scalars
8818 =item Two-face references
8820 =item Symbolic calculator
8822 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8830 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8831 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8837 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8847 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8859 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8861 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8865 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8869 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
8877 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
8887 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
8895 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
8899 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
8909 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8918 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8919 threads->self, $thread->tid
8923 Fix so the return value is returned when you join, Add join_all, Fix memory
8926 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8930 creating a thread from within a thread is unsafe under win32,
8931 PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
8937 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
8938 structures between threads
8950 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, unlock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE,
8951 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8963 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
8974 =item Utility functions
8976 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
8977 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
8986 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
8996 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
9004 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
9008 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
9016 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
9017 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
9018 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
9019 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
9020 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
9024 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
9034 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
9036 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
9046 =item DBM Comparisons
9056 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
9066 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
9070 =item Typed lexicals
9072 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
9074 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
9076 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
9078 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
9086 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
9087 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
9088 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
9089 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
9090 be able to apply END handler>
9100 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
9110 =item Subroutine Stubs
9112 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9114 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9116 =item Package Lexicals
9118 =item Not Using AutoLoader
9120 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
9130 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
9138 $keep, $check, $modtime
9142 =item Multiple packages
9150 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
9158 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
9162 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
9170 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
9184 =item B::PVMG METHODS
9188 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
9190 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
9192 =item B::PVLV METHODS
9194 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
9198 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
9202 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
9203 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
9207 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
9208 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
9212 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
9216 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
9221 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
9223 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
9227 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
9229 =item B::UNOP METHOD
9233 =item B::BINOP METHOD
9237 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
9241 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
9245 =item B::PMOP METHODS
9247 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
9248 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
9250 =item B::SVOP METHOD
9254 =item B::PADOP METHOD
9258 =item B::PVOP METHOD
9262 =item B::LOOP METHODS
9264 redoop, nextop, lastop
9266 =item B::COP METHODS
9268 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
9272 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
9274 main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
9275 regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP,
9276 METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE,
9277 PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c,
9278 cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
9284 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
9293 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
9299 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9311 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9331 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9341 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9342 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9343 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9353 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9363 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9364 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9365 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9376 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9386 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9387 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9388 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
9400 =item Context of ".."
9404 =item Deprecated features
9412 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
9424 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
9425 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
9426 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
9428 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
9430 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
9431 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
9432 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
9433 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
9434 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
9435 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
9436 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
9437 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
9443 =item OP flags abbreviations
9445 =item OP class abbreviations
9449 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
9455 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
9467 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
9477 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
9478 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
9480 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
9490 =item ambient_pragmas
9492 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
9504 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
9516 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
9524 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
9526 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
9527 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
9529 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9539 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9549 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9555 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9567 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9579 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9581 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9593 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9603 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
9611 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9631 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9645 =item Standard Exports
9647 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9648 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9649 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9651 =item Optional Exports
9653 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9654 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9655 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9671 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9675 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9689 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9699 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9700 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9701 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9711 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9723 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9725 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9727 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9729 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9731 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9733 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9735 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9737 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9739 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9741 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9743 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9745 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9747 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9749 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9751 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9753 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9755 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9757 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9758 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9762 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9763 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9766 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9768 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9769 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9774 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9778 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9780 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9782 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9784 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9786 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9788 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9790 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9792 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9793 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9795 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9799 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9803 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9805 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9807 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9809 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9811 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9813 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9814 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9816 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9820 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9824 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9826 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9828 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9830 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9834 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9836 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9838 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
9842 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
9844 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
9848 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
9852 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
9856 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
9860 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
9864 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
9866 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
9868 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
9872 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
9876 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
9882 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
9883 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
9885 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
9887 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
9888 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
9891 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
9897 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
9901 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
9903 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
9904 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
9905 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
9906 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
9907 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
9909 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
9911 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
9916 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
9918 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
9920 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
9921 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
9923 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
9925 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9929 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
9930 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
9931 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
9932 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
9933 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
9934 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
9935 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
9936 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
9937 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
9938 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
9939 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
9940 ...and many many more..
9942 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
9950 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
9960 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
9968 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
9977 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
9979 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
9983 =item Changing the default message
9987 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
9997 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
10005 =item USING CGI::Cookie
10007 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
10011 =item Creating New Cookies
10013 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
10015 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
10017 =item Manipulating Cookies
10019 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
10023 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10031 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
10039 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
10041 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
10043 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
10045 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
10047 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
10049 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
10053 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10061 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
10071 =item Tags that won't be formatted
10073 =item Customizing the Indenting
10085 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
10093 =item USING CGI::Push
10095 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
10099 =item Heterogeneous Pages
10101 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
10105 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
10107 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10115 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
10125 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10133 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
10141 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10147 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
10157 =item Interactive Mode
10159 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
10160 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
10161 distribution, ls author, Signals
10169 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
10171 =item Programmer's interface
10173 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
10175 =item Methods in the other Classes
10177 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
10178 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
10179 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
10180 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
10181 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
10182 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
10183 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
10184 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
10185 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
10186 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
10187 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
10188 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
10189 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
10190 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
10191 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
10192 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
10193 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
10194 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
10195 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
10196 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
10197 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
10198 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
10199 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
10200 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
10201 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
10202 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
10204 =item Cache Manager
10208 =item Prerequisites
10210 =item Finding packages and VERSION
10214 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
10218 =item CONFIGURATION
10220 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
10221 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
10222 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
10223 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
10227 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
10229 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
10237 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
10239 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
10243 =item Three basic types of firewalls
10245 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
10247 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
10253 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
10265 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
10275 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
10288 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
10298 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10306 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10308 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10318 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10319 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10320 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10322 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10330 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10340 =item The C<struct()> function
10342 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10344 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10346 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10347 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10349 =item Initializing with C<new>
10355 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10357 =item Author and Modification History
10361 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10369 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
10381 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
10385 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
10386 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
10387 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
10388 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
10392 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
10393 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
10397 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
10398 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
10399 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
10400 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
10401 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
10402 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
10403 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
10407 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
10408 C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>,
10409 C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>,
10410 C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>,
10411 C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>,
10412 C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>,
10413 C<d_ctime_r>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>,
10414 C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>,
10415 C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>,
10416 C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>,
10417 C<d_endnent>, C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>,
10418 C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>,
10419 C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
10420 C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
10421 C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
10422 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
10423 C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
10424 C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
10425 C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>,
10426 C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrent_r>,
10427 C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>,
10428 C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>,
10429 C<d_gethostbyname_r>, C<d_gethostent_r>, C<d_gethostprotos>,
10430 C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getlogin_r>, C<d_getmnt>,
10431 C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
10432 C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>, C<d_getnetent_r>,
10433 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
10434 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
10435 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>, C<d_getprotobynumber_r>,
10436 C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
10437 C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>, C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>,
10438 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>,
10439 C<d_getservent_r>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>,
10440 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
10441 C<d_htonl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
10442 C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>,
10443 C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>, C<d_locconv>,
10444 C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>,
10445 C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>,
10446 C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>,
10447 C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>,
10448 C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>,
10449 C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>,
10450 C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>,
10451 C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>,
10452 C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>
10456 C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
10457 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
10458 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
10459 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
10460 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
10461 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>,
10462 C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
10463 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
10464 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
10465 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
10466 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
10467 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
10468 C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>,
10469 C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>,
10470 C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>,
10471 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>,
10472 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>,
10473 C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>,
10474 C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>,
10475 C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
10476 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>,
10477 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
10478 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
10479 C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>,
10480 C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
10481 C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
10482 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
10483 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
10484 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
10485 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
10486 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
10487 C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
10488 C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
10489 C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
10490 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
10491 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
10492 C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
10493 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
10494 C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
10495 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
10496 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
10497 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
10498 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
10499 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
10500 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
10504 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
10505 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
10506 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
10507 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
10511 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
10512 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
10517 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>, C<getgrgid_r_proto>,
10518 C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>, C<gethostbyname_r_proto>,
10519 C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>, C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>,
10520 C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>, C<getprotobyname_r_proto>,
10521 C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>, C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>,
10522 C<getpwnam_r_proto>, C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>,
10523 C<getservbyport_r_proto>, C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>,
10524 C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>,
10525 C<gmtime_r_proto>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
10529 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
10533 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
10534 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
10535 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
10536 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
10537 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
10538 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
10539 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
10540 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
10541 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
10542 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
10543 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
10544 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
10545 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
10546 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
10547 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
10548 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
10549 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
10550 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
10551 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
10552 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
10553 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
10554 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
10555 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
10556 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
10560 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
10564 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
10565 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
10566 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
10567 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
10568 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
10569 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
10574 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10575 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10576 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10580 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10581 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>,
10582 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10583 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10584 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
10585 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10589 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10590 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10594 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10595 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10599 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10600 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10601 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10602 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10606 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10610 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
10611 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
10612 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10616 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10617 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
10618 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
10619 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
10620 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
10621 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
10622 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
10623 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10624 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10625 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10626 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10627 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10628 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>,
10629 C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
10630 C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
10631 C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
10632 C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10636 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10637 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
10642 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10643 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10644 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10645 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10646 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10647 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10648 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10649 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10650 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10654 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10655 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10656 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10657 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10661 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10665 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10677 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10687 =item getcwd and friends
10689 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10691 =item abs_path and friends
10693 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10705 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10717 =item Global Variables
10719 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10720 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10725 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10726 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10728 =item Client Callback Methods
10730 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10731 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10732 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10742 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10750 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10754 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10756 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10758 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10760 =item Default Parameters
10762 =item In Memory Databases
10770 =item A Simple Example
10778 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10780 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10782 =item The get_dup() Method
10784 =item The find_dup() Method
10786 =item The del_dup() Method
10788 =item Matching Partial Keys
10796 =item The 'bval' Option
10798 =item A Simple Example
10800 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10802 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10803 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10804 length, elements);>
10806 =item Another Example
10810 =item THE API INTERFACE
10812 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10813 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10814 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10815 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10819 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10820 B<filter_fetch_value>
10826 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10828 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10832 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10836 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10838 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10840 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
10842 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
10844 =item The untie() Gotcha
10848 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
10852 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
10854 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
10856 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
10858 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
10878 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
10879 printing and C<eval>
10891 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
10892 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
10893 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
10900 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
10902 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10903 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10904 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10905 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10906 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10907 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10908 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10909 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10910 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10911 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10912 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10913 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10914 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10915 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
10916 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
10936 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
10944 =item PROFILE FORMAT
10956 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
10978 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
10988 =item Runtime debugging
10990 =item Memory footprint debugging
10998 =item A simple scalar string
11000 =item A simple scalar number
11002 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
11004 =item A reference to a simple scalar
11006 =item A reference to an array
11008 =item A reference to a hash
11010 =item Dumping a large array or hash
11012 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
11014 =item A reference to a subroutine
11028 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
11038 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
11046 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
11050 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
11051 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
11052 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
11060 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
11070 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
11074 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
11075 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
11087 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
11099 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
11111 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
11112 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
11113 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
11118 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
11119 veryCompact, set, get
11125 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
11133 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
11134 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
11135 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
11136 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
11143 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
11156 =head2 Encode - character encodings
11174 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
11176 =item Types of Encodings
11178 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
11179 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
11181 =item Specifying Encodings
11183 1. By name, 2. As an object
11185 =item Encoding Names
11187 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFCs, The name in the IANA registry, The
11188 name used by the organization that defined it
11192 =item PERL ENCODING API
11196 =item Generic Encoding Interface
11198 =item Handling Malformed Data
11200 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11204 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
11206 =item Listing available encodings
11208 =item Defining Aliases
11210 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11213 =item Defining Encodings
11217 =item Encoding and IO
11219 =item Encoding How to ...
11221 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
11222 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
11224 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
11226 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK])
11228 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
11230 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
11231 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
11235 =item Compiled Encodings
11237 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
11238 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
11246 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
11258 =head2 Encode::Tcl::Escape - Tcl Escape encodings
11270 =head2 Encode::Tcl::Table - Tcl Table encodings
11282 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Tcl, Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
11294 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Tcl::Escape, Encode::Tcl::Escape - Tcl Escape
11307 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Tcl::Table, Encode::Tcl::Table - Tcl Table
11320 =head2 Encode::lib::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding
11321 tables of the Encode extension
11327 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
11335 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
11341 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
11349 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
11362 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
11377 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
11393 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
11403 =item How to Export
11405 =item Selecting What To Export
11407 =item How to Import
11409 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
11413 =item Advanced features
11417 =item Specialised Import Lists
11419 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
11421 =item Module Version Checking
11423 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
11425 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
11427 =item Generating combined tags
11429 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
11435 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
11445 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
11466 mv source... destination
11468 cp source... destination
11486 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
11496 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
11506 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
11508 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
11512 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
11520 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
11523 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
11525 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
11527 WriteMakefileSnippet
11529 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
11530 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
11538 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
11550 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
11551 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
11561 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
11571 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
11583 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
11584 packlist(), version()
11592 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
11600 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
11606 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
11616 =item VMS implementation
11618 =item Win32 implementation
11626 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11627 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11639 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11640 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11648 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
11652 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11653 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11679 test_via_harness (o)
11681 tool_autosplit (override)
11699 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11700 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11714 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11726 =item Preloaded methods
11746 =item SelfLoaded methods
11792 file_name_is_absolute
11798 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
11838 maybe_command_in_dirs
11866 post_initialize (o)
11878 replace_manpage_separator
11892 test_via_harness (o)
11894 test_via_script (o)
11924 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
11925 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
11935 =item Methods always loaded
11947 =item SelfLoaded methods
11949 guess_name (override)
11953 find_perl (override)
11957 maybe_command (override)
11959 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
11961 perl_script (override)
11963 file_name_is_absolute (override)
11965 replace_manpage_separator
11967 init_others (override)
11969 constants (override)
11973 const_cccmd (override)
11975 pm_to_blib (override)
11977 tool_autosplit (override)
11979 tool_sxubpp (override)
11981 xsubpp_version (override)
11983 tools_other (override)
11993 top_targets (override)
11997 dynamic_lib (override)
11999 dynamic_bs (override)
12001 static_lib (override)
12003 manifypods (override)
12005 processPL (override)
12007 installbin (override)
12009 subdir_x (override)
12013 realclean (override)
12015 dist_basics (override)
12017 dist_core (override)
12019 dist_dir (override)
12021 dist_test (override)
12025 perldepend (override)
12027 makefile (override)
12031 test_via_harness (override)
12033 test_via_script (override)
12035 makeaperl (override)
12037 nicetext (override)
12039 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12040 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12066 test_via_harness (o)
12068 tool_autosplit (override)
12086 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
12096 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
12098 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
12106 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
12110 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
12112 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
12114 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
12116 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
12118 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
12119 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
12120 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
12121 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
12122 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
12123 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
12124 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
12125 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
12126 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
12127 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
12128 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE,
12129 PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERM_RW,
12130 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
12131 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PRINT,
12132 PRINT_PREREQ, SKIP, TEST_LIBS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT,
12133 XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
12135 =item Additional lowercase attributes
12137 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
12140 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
12142 =item Hintsfile support
12144 =item Distribution Support
12146 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
12147 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
12148 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
12150 =item Disabling an extension
12156 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
12164 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
12172 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
12176 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
12180 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
12181 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
12185 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
12193 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
12205 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
12215 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
12224 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
12232 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
12244 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
12252 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
12262 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
12274 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
12284 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
12288 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
12296 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
12300 C<basename>, C<dirname>
12304 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
12314 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
12328 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
12338 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
12340 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
12352 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
12362 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
12374 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
12382 B<find>, B<finddepth>
12388 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
12389 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
12390 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
12392 =item The wanted function
12394 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
12395 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
12396 pathname to the file
12404 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
12412 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
12420 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
12421 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
12422 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
12426 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
12434 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
12446 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
12456 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
12457 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
12458 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
12466 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
12476 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
12510 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
12528 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
12556 file_name_is_absolute
12586 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
12596 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
12629 file_name_is_absolute
12651 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
12667 =item Methods always loaded
12669 canonpath (override)
12687 case_tolerant (override)
12691 file_name_is_absolute (override)
12693 splitpath (override)
12695 splitdir (override)
12709 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
12739 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
12763 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
12777 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
12787 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
12795 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
12803 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
12805 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
12817 =item Temporary files and NFS
12829 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
12843 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
12855 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
12863 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
12869 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
12883 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
12885 =item All-in-one interface
12887 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
12889 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
12892 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
12894 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
12895 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
12896 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
12898 described in the previous section.
12900 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
12902 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
12914 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
12924 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
12928 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
12930 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
12938 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
12940 =item Example 2: Using the context
12942 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
12944 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
12948 =item Filter::Simple
12956 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
12964 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
12976 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
12992 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
13000 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
13002 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
13006 =item Simple options
13008 =item A little bit less simple options
13010 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
13012 =item Options with values
13014 =item Options with multiple values
13016 =item Options with hash values
13018 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
13020 =item Options with multiple names
13022 =item Case and abbreviations
13024 =item Summary of Option Specifications
13026 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
13031 =item Advanced Possibilities
13035 =item Object oriented interface
13037 =item Documentation and help texts
13039 =item Storing options in a hash
13043 =item The lonesome dash
13045 =item Argument callback
13049 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
13051 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
13052 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
13053 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
13054 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
13055 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
13057 =item Return values and Errors
13063 =item Default destinations
13065 =item Alternative option starters
13067 =item Configuration variables
13071 =item Trouble Shooting
13075 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
13077 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
13080 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
13082 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
13088 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13092 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
13103 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
13113 =item Restricted hashes
13115 lock_keys, unlock_keys
13121 lock_value, unlock_value
13123 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
13133 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
13144 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
13155 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
13157 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
13159 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
13161 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
13163 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
13165 the function super_languages($lang1)
13167 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
13169 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
13171 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
13173 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
13177 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
13179 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
13189 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
13197 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
13199 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
13201 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
13202 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
13203 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
13204 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
13205 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
13206 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
13207 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
13208 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
13209 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
13210 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
13211 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
13212 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
13213 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
13214 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
13215 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
13216 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
13217 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
13218 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
13219 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
13220 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
13221 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
13222 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
13223 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
13224 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
13225 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
13226 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
13227 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
13228 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
13229 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
13230 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
13231 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
13232 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
13233 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
13234 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
13235 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
13236 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
13237 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
13238 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
13239 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
13240 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
13241 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
13242 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
13243 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
13244 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
13245 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
13246 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
13247 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
13248 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
13249 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
13250 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
13251 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
13252 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
13253 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
13254 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
13255 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
13256 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
13257 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
13258 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
13259 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
13260 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
13261 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
13262 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
13263 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
13264 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
13265 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
13266 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
13267 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
13268 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
13269 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
13270 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
13271 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
13272 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
13273 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
13274 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
13275 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
13276 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
13277 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
13278 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
13279 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
13280 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
13281 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
13282 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
13283 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
13284 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
13285 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
13286 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
13287 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
13288 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
13289 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
13290 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
13291 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
13292 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
13293 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
13294 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
13295 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
13296 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
13297 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
13298 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
13299 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
13300 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
13301 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
13302 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
13303 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
13304 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
13305 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
13306 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
13307 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
13308 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
13309 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
13310 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
13311 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
13312 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
13313 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
13314 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
13315 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
13316 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
13317 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
13318 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
13319 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
13323 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13329 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
13347 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
13351 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
13361 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
13369 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
13370 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
13380 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
13390 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
13394 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
13402 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
13412 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
13416 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
13417 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
13418 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
13419 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
13431 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
13441 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
13445 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
13455 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
13465 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
13466 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
13476 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
13484 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
13485 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
13494 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
13504 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
13508 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
13509 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
13510 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
13520 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
13534 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
13535 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
13545 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
13561 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
13574 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
13588 hostpath(), peerpath()
13598 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
13607 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
13608 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
13618 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
13628 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
13632 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
13640 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
13651 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
13655 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
13656 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
13657 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
13658 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
13670 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
13680 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
13684 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
13694 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
13704 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
13705 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
13715 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
13724 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
13725 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
13734 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
13745 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
13749 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
13750 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
13751 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
13761 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
13776 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
13777 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
13787 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
13788 AF_INET domain sockets
13804 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
13817 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
13818 AF_UNIX domain sockets
13832 hostpath(), peerpath()
13842 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
13852 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
13853 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
13864 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
13878 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
13891 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
13901 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
13902 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
13903 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
13914 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
13932 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
13942 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
13943 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
13954 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
13965 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
13966 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
13967 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
13978 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
13986 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
13987 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
13991 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
13997 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
13998 general-utility list subroutines
14006 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14007 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14011 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14017 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
14018 general-utility scalar subroutines
14026 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
14027 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14037 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
14045 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14049 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
14057 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
14065 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
14067 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14069 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
14070 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
14072 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14074 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
14076 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
14082 =item rename_country
14090 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14094 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
14095 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
14096 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
14097 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
14105 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
14106 identification (ISO 4217)
14116 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14118 code2currency(), currency2code()
14120 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14122 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
14126 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14130 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
14131 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
14139 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
14148 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14150 code2language(), language2code()
14152 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14154 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
14158 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14162 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
14163 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
14171 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
14179 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
14185 =item Construction Methods
14187 =item The "maketext" Method
14189 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
14191 =item Utility Methods
14193 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
14194 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
14195 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
14196 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
14198 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
14202 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
14204 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
14206 =item BRACKET NOTATION
14208 =item AUTO LEXICONS
14210 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
14212 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
14216 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14222 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
14230 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
14234 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
14236 =item The Linguistic View
14238 =item Breaking gettext
14240 =item Replacing gettext
14242 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
14244 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
14246 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
14248 =item Buzzword: Concision
14250 =item The Devil in the Details
14252 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
14260 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
14268 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
14272 =item SPECIAL CODES
14276 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14278 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
14279 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
14281 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14283 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
14287 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14291 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
14292 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
14300 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
14308 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
14312 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
14320 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
14321 of quoted-printable strings
14329 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
14335 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
14344 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
14350 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
14360 =item Canonical notation
14364 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
14366 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
14370 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
14371 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
14379 =item Autocreating constants
14385 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
14393 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
14401 Canonical notation, Input, Output
14421 =item is_one() / is_zero() / is_nan() / is_positive() / is_negative() /
14422 is_inf() / is_odd() / is_even() / is_int()
14424 $x->is_zero(); # true if arg is +0
14425 $x->is_nan(); # true if arg is NaN
14426 $x->is_one(); # true if arg is +1
14427 $x->is_one('-'); # true if arg is -1
14428 $x->is_odd(); # true if odd, false for even
14429 $x->is_even(); # true if even, false for odd
14430 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
14431 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
14432 $x->is_inf(); # true if +inf
14433 $x->is_inf('-'); # true if -inf (sign is default
14435 $x->is_int(); # true if $x is an integer
14517 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
14527 =item Rounding mode R
14529 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
14530 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
14531 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
14544 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
14552 =item Autocreating constants
14558 =item Alternative math libraries
14564 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
14572 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
14578 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
14582 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
14583 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
14584 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
14594 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
14604 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
14608 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
14610 the same terms as Perl itself.
14618 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
14631 =item STRINGIFICATION
14635 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
14641 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
14643 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
14651 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
14659 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
14665 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
14667 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
14671 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
14673 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
14677 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
14679 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
14681 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
14682 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
14686 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
14692 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
14702 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
14720 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
14722 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
14726 =item OTHER FACILITIES
14732 =item C<flush_cache>
14738 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
14740 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
14748 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14754 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
14763 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
14774 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
14786 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
14794 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
14802 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
14811 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
14820 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
14828 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
14836 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14842 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14846 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14850 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
14860 =item Enforcing redispatch
14862 =item Avoiding repetitions
14868 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
14874 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
14884 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
14887 =item CLASS METHODS
14889 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
14890 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
14891 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
14901 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
14911 requires_firewall HOST
14913 =item NetConfig VALUES
14915 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
14916 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
14917 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
14921 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
14930 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
14938 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
14950 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
14954 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
14955 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
14956 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
14957 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
14958 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
14959 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
14960 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
14961 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
14962 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
14963 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
14964 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
14965 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
14966 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
14970 =item Methods for the adventurous
14976 =item THE dataconn CLASS
14978 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
14979 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
14981 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
14983 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
14985 =item REPORTING BUGS
14993 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
15001 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
15011 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
15015 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
15016 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
15017 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
15018 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
15019 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
15020 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
15021 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
15025 =item Extension methods
15027 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
15028 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
15029 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
15030 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
15039 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
15049 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
15061 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
15065 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
15066 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
15067 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
15068 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
15080 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
15092 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);,
15093 $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->open($host);,
15094 $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
15108 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
15120 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
15124 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
15125 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
15126 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
15127 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
15128 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
15129 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
15140 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
15148 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
15149 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
15157 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
15174 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
15182 =item Where to get this document
15184 =item How to contribute to this document
15188 =item Author and Copyright Information
15196 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
15200 =item What is libnet ?
15202 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
15204 =item What other modules do I need ?
15206 =item What machines support libnet ?
15208 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
15212 =item Using Net::FTP
15216 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
15218 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
15220 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
15222 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
15225 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
15227 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
15229 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
15231 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
15233 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
15235 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
15238 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
15240 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
15243 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
15246 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
15250 =item Using Net::SMTP
15254 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
15257 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
15259 =item The verify method always returns true ?
15263 =item Debugging scripts
15267 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
15271 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
15275 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
15292 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
15307 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
15324 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
15332 =item THE .netrc FILE
15334 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
15339 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
15343 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
15353 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
15363 =item IMPLEMENTATION
15369 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
15377 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15383 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15387 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15391 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
15403 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
15405 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
15406 or optag, an operator set (opset)
15408 =item Opcode Functions
15410 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
15411 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
15412 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
15415 =item Manipulating Opsets
15417 =item TO DO (maybe)
15423 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
15425 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
15426 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
15427 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
15436 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
15445 a new namespace, an operator mask
15451 =item RECENT CHANGES
15453 =item Methods in class Safe
15455 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
15456 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
15457 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
15458 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
15460 =item Some Safety Issues
15462 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
15470 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
15483 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
15497 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
15498 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
15499 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
15500 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
15501 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
15502 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
15503 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
15504 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
15505 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
15506 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
15507 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
15508 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
15509 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
15510 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
15511 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
15512 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
15513 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
15514 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
15515 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
15516 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
15517 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
15518 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
15519 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
15520 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
15521 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
15528 =item POSIX::SigAction
15532 =item POSIX::SigSet
15534 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
15536 =item POSIX::Termios
15538 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
15539 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
15540 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
15541 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
15542 values, c_oflag field values
15546 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
15550 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
15554 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
15608 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
15609 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
15613 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
15622 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
15626 =item Defaults and how to override them
15636 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
15646 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
15654 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
15655 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
15656 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
15657 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
15658 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
15659 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
15660 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
15664 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
15670 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
15676 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
15682 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
15694 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
15695 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
15696 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
15697 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
15698 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
15699 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
15700 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
15701 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
15706 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
15707 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
15708 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
15709 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
15710 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
15711 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
15715 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
15716 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
15728 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
15730 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
15733 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
15735 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
15737 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
15739 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
15741 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
15749 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
15761 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
15763 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
15770 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
15776 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
15778 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
15785 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
15797 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
15807 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
15808 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
15823 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
15836 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
15837 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
15843 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
15867 =item B<was_cutting()>
15873 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
15879 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
15885 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
15891 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
15897 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15903 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
15909 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
15915 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
15921 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
15927 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
15933 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
15939 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
15945 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
15951 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
15957 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
15963 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
15969 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
15975 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
15981 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
15987 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
15993 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
15999 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
16005 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
16011 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
16017 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
16023 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16029 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
16035 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16041 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
16053 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
16065 =item OBJECT METHODS
16073 =item Data Accessors
16089 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
16091 B<StartWithNewPage>
16105 =item Subclassed methods
16119 B<interior_sequence>
16135 =item Methods for headings
16143 =item Internal methods
16149 B<_replace_special_chars>
16151 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
16157 B<_clean_latex_commands>
16159 B<_split_delimited>
16175 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
16183 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
16188 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
16189 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
16190 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
16201 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16205 =head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
16215 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16219 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
16233 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
16241 $list-E<gt>indent()
16249 $list-E<gt>parent()
16255 =item Pod::Hyperlink
16257 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
16261 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
16263 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
16267 $link-E<gt>warning()
16269 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
16275 $link-E<gt>alttext()
16285 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
16291 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
16295 =item Pod::Cache::Item
16297 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
16301 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
16303 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
16305 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
16307 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
16309 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
16311 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
16313 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
16323 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
16335 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
16337 =item PARSING OPTIONS
16339 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
16340 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
16346 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
16354 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
16360 =item B<verbatim()>
16362 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
16368 =item B<textblock()>
16370 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
16376 =item B<interior_sequence()>
16382 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
16394 =item B<initialize()>
16400 =item B<begin_pod()>
16406 =item B<begin_input()>
16412 =item B<end_input()>
16424 =item B<preprocess_line()>
16430 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
16436 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
16442 =item B<parse_text()>
16444 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
16445 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
16446 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
16452 =item B<interpolate()>
16458 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
16464 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
16470 =item B<parse_from_file()>
16476 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
16482 =item B<errorsub()>
16494 =item B<parseopts()>
16500 =item B<output_file()>
16506 =item B<output_handle()>
16512 =item B<input_file()>
16518 =item B<input_handle()>
16524 =item B<input_streams()>
16530 =item B<top_stream()>
16536 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
16542 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
16548 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
16554 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
16562 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
16582 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
16595 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
16597 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
16603 =item OBJECT METHODS
16609 =item B<curr_headings()>
16621 =item B<add_selection()>
16627 =item B<clear_selections()>
16633 =item B<match_section()>
16639 =item B<is_selected()>
16645 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
16651 =item B<podselect()>
16653 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
16659 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
16665 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
16671 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
16677 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
16689 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
16697 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
16701 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
16702 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
16703 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
16714 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16718 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
16732 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16736 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
16751 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16755 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
16756 text with format escapes
16770 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
16774 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
16783 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
16792 =item Recommended Use
16800 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
16804 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
16811 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
16815 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
16819 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
16823 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
16829 =item OVER AND ITEMS
16831 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
16834 =item FORMATTING CODES
16836 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
16844 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
16852 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16858 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16862 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16866 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
16874 a new namespace, an operator mask
16880 =item RECENT CHANGES
16882 =item Methods in class Safe
16884 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16885 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16886 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16887 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16889 =item Some Safety Issues
16891 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16899 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
16907 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
16908 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
16918 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
16928 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
16938 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
16948 =item The __DATA__ token
16950 =item SelfLoader autoloading
16952 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
16954 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
16956 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
16958 =item Classes and inherited methods.
16962 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
16966 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
16976 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
16984 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
16985 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
16993 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
16994 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
16995 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
16996 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
16997 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
17001 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
17011 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
17015 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
17017 =item ERROR REPORTING
17025 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
17030 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
17031 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
17039 =item Storable magic
17057 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
17071 =item Allowing fall-through
17073 =item Automating fall-through
17075 =item Alternative syntax
17077 =item Higher-order Operations
17093 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
17103 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
17115 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
17116 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
17124 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
17125 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
17136 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
17137 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
17145 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
17146 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
17157 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
17167 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
17168 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
17169 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
17173 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
17187 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
17203 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
17205 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
17207 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
17209 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
17217 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17225 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
17233 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
17243 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
17244 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
17252 =item Minimal set of supported functions
17254 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
17255 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
17257 =item Additional supported functions
17259 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
17269 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
17295 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
17299 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
17309 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
17329 =item Setting up tests
17345 =item Running tests
17351 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
17353 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
17377 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
17389 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
17393 =item Test Status and Info
17401 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
17423 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
17433 =item The test script output
17435 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
17436 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
17441 =item Configuration variables.
17443 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
17447 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
17474 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
17475 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
17476 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
17477 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
17481 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
17482 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
17497 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
17523 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
17533 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
17571 B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
17587 B<_reset_file_state>
17607 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
17617 =item I love it when a plan comes together
17627 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
17667 =item Conditional tests
17673 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
17677 =item Comparison functions
17691 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
17701 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
17703 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
17716 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
17740 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
17749 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
17757 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
17759 =item Where to start?
17763 =item Test the manual
17765 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
17767 =item Testing lots of values
17769 =item Informative names
17771 =item Skipping tests
17775 =item Testing with taint mode.
17787 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
17799 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
17809 =item General behaviour in list contexts
17813 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
17815 =item A note about prefixes
17817 =item C<extract_delimited>
17819 =item C<extract_bracketed>
17821 =item C<extract_tagged>
17823 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
17824 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
17826 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
17828 =item C<extract_quotelike>
17830 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
17832 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
17834 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
17836 =item C<extract_codeblock>
17838 =item C<extract_multiple>
17840 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
17846 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
17847 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
17848 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
17849 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
17850 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
17851 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
17852 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
17853 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
17854 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
17855 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
17856 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
17857 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
17862 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
17868 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
17883 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
17900 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
17915 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
17931 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl
17943 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
17944 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
17945 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
17949 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
17957 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
17965 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
17967 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
17973 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
17981 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
17983 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
17987 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
17999 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
18009 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
18017 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
18018 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
18019 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
18020 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
18028 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
18048 =item Option Format
18052 =item Public Methods
18060 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, and C<discard>
18064 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
18066 =item Deferred Writing
18070 You might be tempted to think that deferred writing is like transactions,
18071 with C<flush> as C<commit> and C<discard> as C<rollback>, but it isn't, so
18076 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
18090 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
18099 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
18100 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
18101 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
18102 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
18104 =item MORE INFORMATION
18106 =item COMPATIBILITY
18110 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
18119 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
18120 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
18122 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
18124 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
18126 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
18128 =item MORE INFORMATION
18132 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
18140 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
18150 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
18168 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
18177 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
18179 =item MORE INFORMATION
18183 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
18195 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
18204 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
18205 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
18206 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
18207 getitimer ( $which )
18223 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
18231 =item IMPLEMENTATION
18237 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
18252 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
18267 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
18279 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
18287 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
18288 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
18292 =head2 Unicode::Collate - use UCA (Unicode Collation Algorithm)
18302 =item Constructor and Tailoring
18304 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
18305 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
18306 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
18308 =item Other methods
18310 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
18311 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
18312 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
18313 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
18314 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
18315 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
18316 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
18317 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
18331 Unicode Collation Algorithm - Unicode TR #10, L<Unicode::Normalize>
18335 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - normalized forms of Unicode text
18345 =item Normalization Forms
18347 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
18348 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
18349 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
18351 =item Decomposition and Composition
18353 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
18354 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
18355 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
18359 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
18360 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
18361 check($form_name, $string)>
18363 =item Character Data
18365 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
18366 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
18367 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
18368 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
18369 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
18370 C<$is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
18371 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
18381 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
18382 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProperties.txt
18386 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
18428 =item Blocks versus Scripts
18430 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
18432 =item Code Point Arguments
18458 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
18464 =item Implementation Note
18476 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
18491 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
18502 =item System Specifics
18516 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
18524 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
18526 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
18527 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
18528 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
18529 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
18530 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
18531 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
18532 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
18533 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
18534 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
18535 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
18536 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
18537 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
18538 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
18539 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
18540 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
18541 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
18542 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
18548 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
18566 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
18578 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
18580 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
18581 don't all have manual pages yet:
18607 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob