4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Language-Specific
34 =item Platform-Specific
58 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
68 =item Running Perl programs
70 =item Basic syntax overview
72 =item Perl variable types
74 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
76 =item Variable scoping
78 =item Conditional and looping constructs
80 if, while, for, foreach
82 =item Builtin operators and functions
84 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
89 =item Regular expressions
91 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
92 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
94 =item Writing subroutines
98 =item Using Perl modules
106 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11
115 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
117 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
121 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
123 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
125 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
127 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
129 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
131 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
133 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
137 =item About the perlfaq documents
141 =item Where to get the perlfaq
143 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
145 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
152 =item Author and Copyright Information
156 =item Bundled Distributions
164 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
165 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
166 Initial Release: 11/March/97
170 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
178 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
188 =item Simple statements
190 =item Compound statements
198 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
202 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
204 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
210 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
224 =item Scalar value constructors
226 =item List value constructors
230 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
238 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
248 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
250 =item The Arrow Operator
252 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
256 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
258 =item Binding Operators
260 =item Multiplicative Operators
262 =item Additive Operators
264 =item Shift Operators
266 =item Named Unary Operators
268 =item Relational Operators
270 =item Equality Operators
274 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
276 =item C-style Logical And
278 =item C-style Logical Or
280 =item Range Operators
282 =item Conditional Operator
284 =item Assignment Operators
288 =item List Operators (Rightward)
294 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
296 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
298 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
300 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
302 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
304 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
305 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
306 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
307 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
309 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
311 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
312 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
313 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
314 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
319 =item Constant Folding
321 =item Bitwise String Operators
323 =item Integer Arithmetic
325 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
333 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
343 =item Private Variables via my()
345 =item Persistent Private Variables
347 =item Temporary Values via local()
349 =item Lvalue subroutines
351 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
353 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
355 =item When to Still Use local()
357 =item Pass by Reference
361 =item Constant Functions
363 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
367 =item Subroutine Attributes
375 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
383 =item Perl Functions by Category
385 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
386 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
387 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
388 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
389 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
390 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
391 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
392 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
393 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
394 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
399 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
401 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
402 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
403 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
404 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
405 chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr
406 NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir
407 DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt
408 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR,
409 defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR,
410 dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval
411 BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp,
412 fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock
413 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE,
414 getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
415 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname
416 NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname
417 NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
418 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
419 gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent,
420 sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent
421 STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent,
422 endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR,
423 glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep
424 EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index
425 STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join
426 EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc,
427 lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen
428 SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log,
429 lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK,
430 mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv
431 ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my TYPE EXPR, my EXPR
432 : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no Module VERSION LIST, no
433 Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct EXPR, oct, open
434 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST,
435 open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR,
436 ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR : ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR :
437 ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
438 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
439 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
440 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
441 qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
442 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
443 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
444 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
445 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
446 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
447 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
448 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
449 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
450 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
451 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
452 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
453 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
454 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
455 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
456 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
457 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
458 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
459 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
460 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
461 study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub
462 NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr
463 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall
464 LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen
465 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
466 sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE,
467 system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
468 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell
469 FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
470 VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
471 EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
472 EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE,
473 unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module
474 LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec
475 EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write
476 FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
482 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
488 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
496 =item Making References
498 =item Using References
516 =item Distribution Conditions
522 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
528 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
529 more elaborate constructs
533 =item COMMON MISTAKES
535 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
537 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
543 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
547 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
549 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
551 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
555 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
559 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
561 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
563 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
567 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
571 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
573 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
575 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
579 =item HASHES OF HASHES
583 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
585 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
587 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
591 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
595 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
597 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
599 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
611 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
621 =item Simple word matching
623 =item Using character classes
625 =item Matching this or that
627 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
629 =item Extracting matches
631 =item Matching repetitions
635 =item Search and replace
637 =item The split operator
645 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
649 =item Acknowledgments
655 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
663 =item Ordinary Paragraph
665 =item Verbatim Paragraph
667 =item Command Paragraph
669 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
670 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
671 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
672 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
674 =item Formatting Codes
676 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
677 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
678 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
679 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
680 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
681 (zero-effect) formatting code
685 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
687 =item Hints for Writing Pod
697 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
704 =item Pod Definitions
708 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
709 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
711 =item Pod Formatting Codes
713 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
714 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
715 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
716 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
717 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
718 contains non-breaking spaces
720 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
722 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
724 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
726 =item About =over...=back Regions
728 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
736 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
744 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
762 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
764 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
765 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
766 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
767 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
769 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
771 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
772 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
773 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
777 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
779 =item Numerical Traps
781 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
783 =item General data type traps
785 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
786 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
788 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
790 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
792 =item Precedence Traps
794 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
797 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
799 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
800 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
803 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
805 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
811 =item Interpolation Traps
813 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
814 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
820 =item Unclassified Traps
822 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
829 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
839 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
841 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
843 =item Location of Perl
845 =item Command Switches
847 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
848 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
849 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
850 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
851 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
852 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
853 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
859 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
860 :perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
861 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
862 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port),
863 SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
867 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
875 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
883 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
885 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
887 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
891 =item Backward Compatibility
893 =item Category Hierarchy
897 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
909 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
917 =item Looking at data and -w and v
921 =item Stepping through code
923 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
925 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
943 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
949 =item The Perl Debugger
953 =item Debugger Commands
955 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
956 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
957 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
958 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
959 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
960 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
961 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
962 command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
963 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source file, H -number, q
964 or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage]
966 =item Configurable Options
968 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
969 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
970 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
971 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
972 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
973 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
976 =item Debugger input/output
978 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
981 =item Debugging compile-time statements
983 =item Debugger Customization
985 =item Readline Support
987 =item Editor Support for Debugging
989 =item The Perl Profiler
993 =item Debugging regular expressions
995 =item Debugging memory usage
1003 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1011 =item Predefined Names
1013 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1014 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1015 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1016 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1017 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1018 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1019 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1020 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1021 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1022 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1023 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1024 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1025 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1026 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1027 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1028 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1029 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1030 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1031 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1032 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1033 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1034 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1035 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1036 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1037 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1038 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1039 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1040 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1041 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1042 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1044 =item Error Indicators
1046 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1054 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1062 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1064 =item Growing Your Own
1066 =item Access and Printing
1078 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1084 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1092 =item The Minus File
1094 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1100 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1104 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1108 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1112 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1114 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1116 =item Paths as Opens
1118 =item Single Argument Open
1120 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1124 =item Other I/O Issues
1128 =item Opening Non-File Files
1140 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1146 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1152 =item The Basic Principle
1156 =item Packing Numbers
1162 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1164 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1166 =item Floating point Numbers
1170 =item Exotic Templates
1182 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1186 =item Lengths and Widths
1190 =item String Lengths
1192 =item Dynamic Templates
1196 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1200 =item The Alignment Pit
1202 =item Alignment, Take 2
1204 =item Alignment, Take 3
1206 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1212 =item Funnies Section
1218 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1224 =item Part 1: The basics
1228 =item Simple word matching
1230 =item Using character classes
1232 =item Matching this or that
1234 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1236 =item Extracting matches
1238 =item Matching repetitions
1240 =item Building a regexp
1242 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1246 =item Part 2: Power tools
1250 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1252 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1254 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1256 =item Non-capturing groupings
1258 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1260 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1262 =item Conditional expressions
1264 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1266 =item Pragmas and debugging
1274 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1278 =item Acknowledgments
1284 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1294 =item Regular Expressions
1296 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1298 =item Extended Patterns
1300 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1301 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1302 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1303 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1307 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1309 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1311 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1313 =item Combining pieces together
1315 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1316 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1317 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1318 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1320 =item Creating custom RE engines
1330 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1340 =item Making References
1342 =item Using References
1344 =item Symbolic references
1346 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1348 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1350 =item Function Templates
1360 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1368 =item Format Variables
1378 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1386 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1394 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1396 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1398 =item Invoking a barnyard
1400 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1402 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1404 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1406 =item A few notes about @ISA
1408 =item Overriding the methods
1410 =item Starting the search from a different place
1412 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1414 =item Where we're at so far...
1416 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1418 =item Invoking an instance method
1420 =item Accessing the instance data
1422 =item How to build a horse
1424 =item Inheriting the constructor
1426 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1428 =item Adding parameters to a method
1430 =item More interesting instances
1432 =item A horse of a different color
1444 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1450 =item Creating a Class
1454 =item Object Representation
1456 =item Class Interface
1458 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1460 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1464 =item Other Object Methods
1472 =item Accessing Class Data
1474 =item Debugging Methods
1476 =item Class Destructors
1478 =item Documenting the Interface
1488 =item Overridden Methods
1490 =item Multiple Inheritance
1492 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1496 =item Alternate Object Representations
1500 =item Arrays as Objects
1502 =item Closures as Objects
1506 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1510 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1512 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1516 =item Metaclassical Tools
1522 =item Data Members as Variables
1530 =item Object Terminology
1536 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1542 =item Acknowledgments
1548 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1554 =item Class Data in a Can
1556 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1560 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1562 =item Inheritance Concerns
1564 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1566 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1568 =item Monadic Classes
1570 =item Translucent Attributes
1574 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1578 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1580 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1582 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1584 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1586 =item Translucency Revisited
1594 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1596 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1602 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1610 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1612 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1614 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1616 =item Method Invocation
1618 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1620 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1622 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1628 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1636 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1642 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1644 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1646 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1648 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1650 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1652 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1654 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1656 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1658 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1660 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1666 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1678 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1683 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1684 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1685 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1686 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1691 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1692 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1693 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1695 =item Tying FileHandles
1697 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1698 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1703 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1715 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1716 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1726 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
1734 =item Deferred Signals
1736 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals
1737 triggered by operating system state
1741 =item Using open() for IPC
1747 =item Background Processes
1749 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1751 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1753 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1755 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1759 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1763 =item Internet Line Terminators
1765 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1767 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1771 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1775 =item A Simple Client
1777 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1779 =item A Webget Client
1781 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1785 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1787 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1789 =item UDP: Message Passing
1803 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1813 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1815 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1816 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1817 files, directories and network sockets
1819 =item Resource limits
1821 =item Killing the parent process
1823 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1825 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1827 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1828 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1829 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1841 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1849 =item Storing numbers
1851 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1853 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1855 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1856 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1857 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1866 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1874 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1876 =item Threaded Program Models
1888 =item Native threads
1890 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
1892 =item Threadsafe Modules
1898 =item Basic Thread Support
1900 =item A Note about the Examples
1902 =item Creating Threads
1904 =item Giving up control
1906 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1908 =item Ignoring A Thread
1912 =item Threads And Data
1916 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1918 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
1922 =item Synchronization and control
1926 =item Controlling access: lock()
1928 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1930 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1932 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1934 =item Basic semaphores
1936 =item Advanced Semaphores
1938 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
1942 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1946 =item What Thread Am I In?
1950 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1952 =item What Threads Are Running?
1956 =item A Complete Example
1958 =item Performance considerations
1960 =item Threadsafety of System Libraries
1968 =item Introductory Texts
1970 =item OS-Related References
1972 =item Other References
1976 =item Acknowledgements
1984 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1990 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1992 =item Threaded Program Models
2004 =item Native threads
2006 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2008 =item Threadsafe Modules
2014 =item Basic Thread Support
2016 =item Creating Threads
2018 =item Giving up control
2020 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2022 =item Errors In Threads
2024 =item Ignoring A Thread
2028 =item Threads And Data
2032 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2034 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2036 =item Controlling access: lock()
2038 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2040 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2044 =item Threads And Code
2048 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2050 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
2052 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
2054 =item Subroutine Locks
2058 =item Locking A Subroutine
2062 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2066 =item What Thread Am I In?
2070 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2072 =item What Threads Are Running?
2076 =item A Complete Example
2084 =item Introductory Texts
2086 =item OS-Related References
2088 =item Other References
2092 =item Acknowledgements
2100 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2106 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2115 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2117 =item Files and Filesystems
2119 =item System Interaction
2121 =item Command names versus file pathnames
2123 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2125 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2127 =item Standard Modules
2131 =item Character sets and character encoding
2133 =item Internationalisation
2135 =item System Resources
2145 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2146 http://testers.cpan.org/
2154 =item DOS and Derivatives
2162 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2170 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2174 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2176 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2177 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2178 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2179 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2180 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2181 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2182 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2183 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2184 getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
2185 setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
2186 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob
2187 EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
2188 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
2189 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
2190 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
2191 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
2192 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2193 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2194 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2195 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2196 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2197 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2198 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2199 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2200 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2206 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2207 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2208 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2209 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2210 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2211 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2213 =item Supported Platforms
2217 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2221 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2228 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2234 =item The use locale pragma
2236 =item The setlocale function
2238 =item Finding locales
2240 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2242 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2244 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2246 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2248 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2250 =item The localeconv function
2252 =item I18N::Langinfo
2256 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2260 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2262 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2264 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2266 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2270 =item Other categories
2278 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2279 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2285 =item Backward compatibility
2287 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2289 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2291 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2293 =item Freely available locale definitions
2297 =item An imperfect standard
2301 =item Unicode and UTF-8
2307 =item Broken systems
2317 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2327 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2329 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2331 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
2333 =item Creating Unicode
2335 =item Handling Unicode
2337 =item Legacy Encodings
2341 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2345 =item Advanced Topics
2349 =item Questions With Answers
2351 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2353 =item Further Resources
2357 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2361 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
2363 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2367 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2375 =item Important Caveats
2377 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
2378 to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2380 =item Byte and Character Semantics
2382 =item Effects of Character Semantics
2388 =item User-Defined Character Properties
2390 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
2392 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
2394 =item Unicode Encodings
2396 =item Security Implications of Unicode
2398 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2402 =item Using Unicode in XS
2410 =item Interaction with Locales
2412 =item Interaction with Extensions
2422 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2428 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2436 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2440 =item 13 variant characters
2448 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
2450 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
2452 =item Unicode and UTF
2458 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2460 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2462 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2476 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2478 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2480 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2482 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2490 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2492 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2494 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2496 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2500 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2504 =item URL decoding and encoding
2506 =item uu encoding and decoding
2508 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2510 =item Caesarian ciphers
2514 =item Hashing order and checksums
2518 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2530 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2550 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2558 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2560 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2562 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2566 =item Protecting Your Programs
2576 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2588 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2594 =item Making your module threadsafe
2602 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2612 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2613 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2627 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2633 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2637 =item Pragmatic Modules
2639 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes,
2640 charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer,
2641 less, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs,
2642 threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
2644 =item Standard Modules
2646 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2647 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2648 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2649 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2650 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2651 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2652 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest,
2653 DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
2654 Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM,
2655 ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
2656 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any,
2657 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
2658 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN,
2659 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2660 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2661 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2662 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
2663 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
2664 File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2665 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::NW5, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2666 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
2667 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
2668 I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2,
2669 IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
2670 Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13,
2671 Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2672 Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
2673 Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
2674 Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2675 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2676 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2677 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2678 PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html,
2679 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils,
2680 Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2681 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe,
2682 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2683 Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2684 Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
2685 Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple,
2686 Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2687 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
2688 Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2689 Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
2690 Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate,
2691 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2693 =item Extension Modules
2705 =item Central America
2717 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2721 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2723 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2725 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2733 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2739 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2743 =item Before you start
2751 =item Release considerations
2755 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2759 =item Has it been done before?
2761 =item Do one thing and do it well
2763 =item What's in a name?
2767 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2771 =item To OO or not to OO?
2773 =item Designing your API
2775 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2776 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2779 =item Strictness and warnings
2781 =item Backwards compatibility
2783 =item Error handling and messages
2787 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2793 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2797 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2801 =item Version numbering
2803 =item Pre-requisites
2813 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2817 =item Reinventing the wheel
2819 =item Trying to do too much
2821 =item Inappropriate documentation
2827 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2828 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2834 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2844 =item What should I make into a module?
2846 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2848 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2850 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2852 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2853 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2854 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2856 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2858 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2859 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2869 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
2870 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $)
2880 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2882 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2884 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2886 =item What is perl6?
2888 =item How stable is Perl?
2890 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2892 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2895 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2897 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2899 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2901 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2903 =item What is a JAPH?
2905 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2907 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2908 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
2912 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2916 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $,
2917 $Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $)
2925 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2927 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2929 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2931 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2934 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2935 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2937 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2938 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2940 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2942 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2944 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2946 =item Where should I post source code?
2950 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2952 =item Perl in Magazines
2954 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2956 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2958 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2960 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2962 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2964 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
2968 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2972 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2002/05/06
2981 =item How do I do (anything)?
2983 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2985 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2987 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2989 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2991 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2993 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2995 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2997 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2999 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
3000 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
3001 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
3003 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
3005 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
3007 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
3009 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
3011 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
3013 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
3015 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
3017 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
3018 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
3020 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
3022 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
3024 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
3026 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
3028 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
3030 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
3032 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
3034 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
3036 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
3038 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
3040 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
3042 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
3044 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
3045 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
3047 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
3049 =item What's MakeMaker?
3053 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3057 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
3068 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
3069 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
3071 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
3073 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
3076 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
3078 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
3079 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
3080 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
3081 from decimal to binary
3083 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
3085 =item How do I multiply matrices?
3087 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
3089 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
3091 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
3093 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
3101 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
3103 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
3105 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
3107 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
3109 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
3111 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
3113 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
3121 =item How do I validate input?
3123 =item How do I unescape a string?
3125 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
3127 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
3129 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
3131 =item How do I reverse a string?
3133 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
3135 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
3137 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
3139 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
3141 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
3144 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
3146 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
3147 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
3149 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3151 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3153 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3155 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3157 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3159 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3161 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3163 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3164 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3173 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3175 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3177 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3181 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3184 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3185 intersection of two arrays?
3187 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3189 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3191 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3193 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3195 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3197 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3199 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3201 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3203 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3205 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3207 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3211 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3215 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3217 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3220 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3222 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3224 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3226 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3228 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3230 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3232 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3234 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3236 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3238 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3240 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3243 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3244 array of hashes or arrays?
3246 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3254 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3256 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3258 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3260 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3262 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3264 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3266 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3270 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3274 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
3283 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3285 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3286 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3288 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3290 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3292 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3294 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3295 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3297 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3299 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3301 =item How can I write() into a string?
3303 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3305 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3307 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3309 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3311 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3313 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3315 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3317 =item How can I lock a file?
3319 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3321 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3322 the file. How can I do this?
3324 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3325 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3327 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3329 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3331 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3333 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3335 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3337 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3339 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3341 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3343 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3345 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3347 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3349 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
3350 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3352 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3354 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3355 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3357 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3359 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3363 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3367 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: 2002/06/01
3376 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3377 and unmaintainable code?
3379 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3381 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3383 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3386 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3388 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3391 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3393 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3395 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3397 =item What is C</o> really for?
3399 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3402 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3404 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3406 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3408 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3410 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3412 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3414 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3416 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3418 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3420 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3422 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3424 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3426 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3430 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3434 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
3435 2002/03/26 15:48:32 $)
3443 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3445 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3448 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3451 =item How do I skip some return values?
3453 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3455 =item What's an extension?
3457 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3459 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3461 =item How do I create a module?
3463 =item How do I create a class?
3465 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3467 =item What's a closure?
3469 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3471 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3474 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3477 =item How do I create a static variable?
3479 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3480 Between local() and my()?
3482 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3485 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3487 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3489 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3491 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3493 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3495 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3497 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3499 =item How can I find out my current package?
3501 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3503 =item How do I clear a package?
3505 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3509 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3513 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/05/16
3522 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3524 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3526 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3528 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3530 =item How do I print something out in color?
3532 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3534 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3536 =item How do I clear the screen?
3538 =item How do I get the screen size?
3540 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3542 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3544 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3546 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3548 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3550 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3552 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3554 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3556 =item How do I set the time and date?
3558 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3560 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3562 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3564 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3565 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3567 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3569 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3571 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3573 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3575 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3577 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3579 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3581 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3583 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3585 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3588 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3590 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3592 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3594 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3597 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3598 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3599 changes to be visible?
3603 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3606 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3608 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3610 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3612 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3614 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3616 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3618 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3620 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3622 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3624 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3626 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3628 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3631 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3633 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3637 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3641 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13
3650 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3652 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3655 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3657 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3659 =item How do I extract URLs?
3661 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3662 file on another machine?
3664 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3666 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3668 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3670 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3672 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3674 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3676 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3678 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3679 CGI script to do bad things?
3681 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3683 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3685 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3687 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3689 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3691 =item How do I send mail?
3693 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3695 =item How do I read mail?
3697 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3699 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3701 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3703 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3707 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3711 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3721 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3725 =item Using The Back Ends
3729 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3733 =item The Decompiling Back End
3735 =item The Lint Back End
3737 =item The Simple C Back End
3739 =item The Bytecode Back End
3741 =item The Optimized C Back End
3745 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3747 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3748 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3749 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3751 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3757 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3767 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3768 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3772 =item Compiling your C program
3774 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3776 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3778 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3780 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3782 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3784 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3786 =item Execution of END blocks
3788 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3790 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3795 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3805 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3811 =item Debugger Internals
3815 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3819 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3821 =item Debugging regular expressions
3825 =item Compile-time output
3827 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3828 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3829 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3832 =item Types of nodes
3834 =item Run-time output
3838 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3842 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3844 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3845 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3848 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3850 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3852 =item B<-DL> details
3856 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3864 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3876 =item Version caveat
3878 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3890 =item What has gone on?
3892 =item Writing good test scripts
3896 =item What's new here?
3898 =item Input and Output Parameters
3900 =item The XSUBPP Program
3902 =item The TYPEMAP file
3904 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3908 =item What has happened here?
3910 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3912 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3914 =item More about XSUB arguments
3916 =item The Argument Stack
3918 =item Extending your Extension
3920 =item Documenting your Extension
3922 =item Installing your Extension
3926 =item New Things in this Example
3930 =item New Things in this Example
3932 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3934 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3936 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
3938 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3954 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3966 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3968 =item The Argument Stack
3970 =item The RETVAL Variable
3972 =item The MODULE Keyword
3974 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3976 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3978 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3980 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3982 =item The CODE: Keyword
3984 =item The INIT: Keyword
3986 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3988 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3990 =item Default Parameter Values
3992 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3994 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3996 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3998 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4000 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4002 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4004 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4006 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4008 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4010 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4012 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4014 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4016 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4018 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4020 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4022 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4024 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4026 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4028 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4030 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4032 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4034 =item The CASE: Keyword
4036 =item The & Unary Operator
4038 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4040 =item Using XS With C++
4042 =item Interface Strategy
4044 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4048 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4050 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4062 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4072 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4074 =item File Operations
4076 =item File Input and Output
4078 =item File Positioning
4080 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4082 =item Character Class Tests
4084 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4086 =item Miscellaneous functions
4094 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4106 =item What is an "IV"?
4108 =item Working with SVs
4112 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4114 =item Working with AVs
4116 =item Working with HVs
4118 =item Hash API Extensions
4122 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4124 =item Creating New Variables
4126 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4128 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4130 =item Stashes and Globs
4132 =item Double-Typed SVs
4134 =item Magic Variables
4136 =item Assigning Magic
4138 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4142 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4144 =item Localizing changes
4146 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4147 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4148 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4149 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4150 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4151 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4152 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4153 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4154 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4155 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4163 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4165 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4167 =item Memory Allocation
4171 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4175 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4185 =item Examining the tree
4187 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4189 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4191 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4193 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4195 =item Pluggable runops
4199 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4201 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4205 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4207 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4209 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4211 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4213 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4217 =item Internal Functions
4219 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4223 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4225 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4227 =item Source Documentation
4231 =item Unicode Support
4235 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4237 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4239 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4241 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4243 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4245 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4249 =item Custom Operators
4257 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4263 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4265 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4267 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4287 =item Determining the Context
4291 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4297 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4299 =item Passing Parameters
4301 =item Returning a Scalar
4303 =item Returning a list of values
4305 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4307 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4311 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4315 =item Using call_argv
4317 =item Using call_method
4321 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4323 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4325 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4326 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4329 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4331 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4343 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4353 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4354 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4355 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4356 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4360 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4362 =item Administration
4364 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4368 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4369 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4377 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4387 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4389 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4391 B<Decryption Filters>
4393 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4395 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4397 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4409 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4417 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4418 B<filter_fetch_value>
4424 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4426 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4436 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4442 =item "Gimme" Values
4444 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4446 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4448 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4449 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4450 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4452 =item Callback Functions
4454 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4455 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4457 =item Character classes
4459 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4461 =item Cloning an interpreter
4465 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4467 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4469 =item Embedding Functions
4471 load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
4472 perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4474 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4476 pack_cat, unpack_str
4478 =item Global Variables
4480 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4484 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4485 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4489 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4491 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4493 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4494 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4495 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4496 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
4497 hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4499 =item Magical Functions
4501 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4502 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4503 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4505 =item Memory Management
4507 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4508 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4510 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4512 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
4513 strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
4515 =item Numeric functions
4517 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4520 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4522 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4524 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4526 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4527 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4528 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4529 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4530 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4534 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4536 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4538 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4539 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4540 new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4541 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx,
4542 SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
4543 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4544 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4545 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4546 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX,
4547 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4548 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4549 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK,
4550 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
4551 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4552 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4553 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4554 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4555 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm,
4556 sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4557 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4558 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4559 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing,
4560 sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte,
4561 sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags,
4562 sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4563 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4564 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg,
4565 sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
4566 sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
4567 sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags,
4568 sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode,
4569 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags,
4570 sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4572 =item Unicode Support
4574 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4575 pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case,
4576 to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr,
4577 utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes,
4578 utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
4580 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4582 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4583 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4585 =item Warning and Dieing
4595 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4602 =item Global Variables
4604 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4615 =item Pad Data Structures
4619 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4623 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4625 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4633 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4643 =item History and Background
4645 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4647 =item Data Structures
4649 =item Functions and Attributes
4651 =item Per-instance Data
4653 =item Layers in action.
4655 =item Per-instance flag bits
4657 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4658 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4659 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4660 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4662 =item Methods in Detail
4664 size, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4665 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4666 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4667 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4672 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4674 =item Extension Layers
4676 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Via"
4684 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4692 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4693 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4694 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4695 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4696 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4697 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4698 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4699 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4700 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4701 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4702 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4706 =item Co-existence with stdio
4708 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4709 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4711 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4713 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4714 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4715 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4716 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4718 =item Other Functions
4720 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4721 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4727 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4733 =item To do during 5.6.x
4737 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4739 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4741 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4743 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4745 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4749 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4751 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
4753 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4755 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4757 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4759 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4761 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4763 =item Complete signal handling
4765 =item Out-of-source builds
4767 =item POSIX realtime support
4769 =item UNIX98 support
4773 =item Long double conversion
4777 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4779 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4781 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4783 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4785 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
4787 =item Custom opcodes
4789 =item DLL Versioning
4791 =item Introduce @( and @)
4793 =item Floating point handling
4795 =item IV/UV preservation
4797 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4799 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4801 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4803 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4805 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4807 =item Document Win32 choices
4809 =item Check new modules
4811 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4815 =item To do at some point
4819 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4821 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4823 =item bitfields in pack
4825 =item Cross compilation
4827 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4829 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4831 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4833 =item -i rename file when changed
4835 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4837 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4839 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4841 =item my sub foo { }
4843 =item One-pass global destruction
4845 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4847 =item Cache recently used regexps
4849 =item Cross-compilation support
4851 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4853 =item debugger pragma
4855 =item use less pragma
4857 =item switch structures
4859 =item Cache eval tree
4863 =item Shrink opcode tables
4865 =item Optimize away @_
4867 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4871 =item Prototype method calls
4873 =item Return context prototype declarations
4877 =item Garbage collection
4881 =item Rewrite perldoc
4883 =item Install .3p manpages
4885 =item Unicode tutorial
4887 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4889 =item Retargetable installation
4891 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4893 =item Rename Win32 headers
4895 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4897 =item Update sprintf documentation
4899 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4901 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4903 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
4905 =item Should overload be inheritable?
4915 =item ref() in list context
4917 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4919 =item Compile to real threaded code
4921 =item Structured types
4923 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4925 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4929 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4933 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4935 =item Constant function cache
4937 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4945 =item Update guts documentation
4947 =item Add more tests
4949 =item Update auxiliary tools
4951 =item Create debugging macros
4953 =item truncate to the people
4955 =item Unicode in Filenames
4959 =item Recently done things
4963 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4965 =item Safe signal handling
4971 =item setitimer and getimiter
4973 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4975 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4977 =item Explicit switch statements
4985 =item perlcc to produce executable
4987 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4989 =item Secure temporary file module
4991 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4993 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4995 =item Mmap for input
4997 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4999 =item Add sockatmark support
5001 =item Mailing list archives
5005 =item Integrate MacPerl
5007 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5009 =item Regular expression tutorial
5011 =item Debugging Tutorial
5013 =item Integrate new modules
5015 =item Integrate profiler
5017 =item Y2K error detection
5019 =item Regular expression debugger
5023 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5025 =item Cache precompiled modules
5029 =item Deprecated Wishes
5033 =item Loop control on do{}
5035 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5041 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5043 =item Named prototypes
5045 =item Built-in globbing
5047 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5049 =item Cached hash values
5051 =item Add compression modules
5053 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5055 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5057 =item Make XS easier to use
5059 =item Make embedding easier to use
5063 =item my $Package::variable
5065 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5067 =item "class"-based lexicals
5071 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5073 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5075 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5077 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5083 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
5089 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
5090 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
5091 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
5092 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
5093 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
5094 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
5095 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
5099 =item Keeping in sync
5101 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
5102 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
5104 =item Why rsync the source tree
5106 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
5108 =item Why rsync the patches
5110 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
5111 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
5113 =item Perlbug remote interface
5115 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
5116 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
5118 =item Submitting patches
5120 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
5121 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
5123 =item Finding Your Way Around
5125 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
5127 =item Elements of the interpreter
5129 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
5131 =item Internal Variable Types
5137 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5139 =item Millions of Macros
5141 =item Poking at Perl
5143 =item Using a source-level debugger
5145 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5146 finish, 'enter', print
5148 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5152 =item Patching a core module
5154 =item Adding a new function to the core
5156 =item Writing a test
5158 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5159 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5161 =item Special Make Test Targets
5163 coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third
5164 ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8
5168 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5172 =item Rational Software's Purify
5174 =item Purify on Unix
5176 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5180 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5182 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5184 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5188 =item Gprof Profiling
5190 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5192 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5194 =item Pixie Profiling
5196 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5199 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5203 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5211 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5219 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5231 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5233 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5237 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5241 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5247 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5249 =item Incompatible Changes
5253 =item Binary Incompatibility
5255 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5257 =item AIX Dynaloading
5259 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time.
5261 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5263 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5265 =item New Unicode Properties
5267 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5269 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5275 =item Core Enhancements
5279 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5281 =item Restricted Hashes
5285 =item Unicode Overhaul
5287 =item Understanding of Numbers
5289 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
5291 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5295 =item Modules and Pragmata
5299 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5301 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5305 =item Utility Changes
5307 =item New Documentation
5309 =item Performance Enhancements
5311 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5315 =item Generic Improvements
5317 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5321 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5325 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5329 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5331 =item Changed Internals
5333 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
5337 =item Known Problems
5343 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
5349 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
5351 =item ext/threads/t/libc
5353 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
5355 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
5357 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t
5359 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
5361 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5363 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5365 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5367 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
5369 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5371 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
5375 =item OS/2 Test Failures
5377 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5381 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
5383 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
5385 =item PDL failing some tests
5387 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
5389 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5391 =item Timing problems
5393 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
5405 =item XML::Parser not working
5409 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5411 =item Self-tying Problems
5413 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
5415 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5417 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5419 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
5421 =item The Long Double Support Is Still Experimental
5423 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5427 =item Reporting Bugs
5435 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5441 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5443 =item Incompatible Changes
5447 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5449 =item AIX Dynaloading
5451 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5453 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5459 =item Core Enhancements
5461 =item Modules and Pragmata
5465 =item New Modules and Distributions
5467 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5471 =item Utility Changes
5473 =item New Documentation
5475 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5479 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5481 =item Generic Improvements
5485 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5489 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5493 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5495 =item Source Code Enhancements
5499 =item MAGIC constants
5501 =item Better commented code
5503 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5511 =item Known Problems
5517 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5519 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5521 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5523 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5525 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5527 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5531 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5533 =item Failure of Thread tests
5543 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5545 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5547 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5549 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5551 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5553 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5557 =item Reporting Bugs
5565 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5571 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5573 =item Incompatible Changes
5575 =item Core Enhancements
5579 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5581 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5583 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5587 =item Modules and Pragmata
5593 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5597 =item Performance Enhancements
5599 =item Utility Changes
5601 =item New Documentation
5617 =item README.solaris
5621 =item Porting/repository.pod
5625 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5629 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5631 =item Generic Improvements
5633 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5634 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5635 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5639 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5643 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5647 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5649 =item Changed Internals
5653 =item Known Problems
5657 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5659 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5661 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5663 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5667 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5669 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5671 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5673 =item Failure of Thread tests
5675 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5677 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5679 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5681 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5685 =item Reporting Bugs
5693 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5699 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5701 =item Incompatible Changes
5703 =item Core Enhancements
5705 =item Modules and Pragmata
5711 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5715 =item Utility Changes
5717 =item New Documentation
5719 =item Performance Enhancements
5721 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5725 =item Generic Improvements
5729 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5733 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5737 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5739 =item Changed Internals
5741 =item Known Problems
5745 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5747 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5749 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5751 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5753 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5755 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5757 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5759 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5761 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5763 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5767 =item Reporting Bugs
5775 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5781 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5785 =item Security Issues
5787 =item Core bug fixes
5789 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5790 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5791 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5792 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5793 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5794 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5799 =item Configuration issues
5803 =item Bundled modules
5805 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5806 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5807 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5808 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5810 =item Platform-specific improvements
5812 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5816 =item Core Enhancements
5820 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5822 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5824 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5826 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5828 =item "our" declarations
5830 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5832 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5834 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5836 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5838 =item open() with more than two arguments
5840 =item 64-bit support
5842 =item Large file support
5848 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5850 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5852 =item File globbing implemented internally
5854 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5856 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5858 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5860 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5862 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5864 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5866 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5868 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5870 =item Comments in pack() templates
5872 =item Weak references
5874 =item Binary numbers supported
5876 =item Lvalue subroutines
5878 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5880 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5882 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5884 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5886 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5888 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5890 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5892 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5894 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5896 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5898 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5900 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5902 =item Improved diagnostics
5904 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5906 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5908 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5910 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5912 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5914 =item Improved security features
5916 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5918 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5920 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5922 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5924 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5926 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5928 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5932 =item Modules and Pragmata
5938 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5939 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5940 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5941 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5942 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5943 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5944 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5945 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5951 =item Utility Changes
5965 =item The Perl Debugger
5969 =item Improved Documentation
5971 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5972 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5973 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5974 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5976 =item Performance enhancements
5980 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5982 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5984 =item Faster subroutine calls
5986 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5990 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5994 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5996 =item New Configure flags
5998 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6004 =item -Duselargefiles
6006 =item installusrbinperl
6012 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6014 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6018 =item Platform specific changes
6022 =item Supported platforms
6026 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6034 =item Significant bug fixes
6038 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6040 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6042 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6044 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6046 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6048 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6050 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6052 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6054 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6056 =item Locale bugs fixed
6060 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6062 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6064 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6066 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6070 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6072 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6073 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6074 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6075 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6076 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6077 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6078 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6079 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6080 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6081 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6082 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6083 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6084 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6085 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6086 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6087 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6088 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6089 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6090 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6091 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6092 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6093 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6094 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6095 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6096 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6097 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6098 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6099 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6100 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6101 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6102 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6103 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6104 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6105 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6106 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6107 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6108 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6109 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6110 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6111 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6112 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6113 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6114 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6115 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6116 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6117 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6118 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6119 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6120 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6121 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6125 =item Incompatible Changes
6129 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6131 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6132 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6133 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6134 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6135 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6136 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6137 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6138 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6139 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6140 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6141 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6143 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6145 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6147 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6149 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6151 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6155 =item Known Problems
6159 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6161 =item Known test failures
6163 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6165 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6167 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6169 =item Experimental features
6171 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6172 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6173 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6177 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6179 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6180 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6181 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6182 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6184 =item Reporting Bugs
6192 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6198 =item Core Enhancements
6202 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6204 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6206 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6208 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6210 =item "our" declarations
6212 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6214 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6216 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6218 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6220 =item open() with more than two arguments
6222 =item 64-bit support
6224 =item Large file support
6230 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6232 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6234 =item File globbing implemented internally
6236 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6238 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6240 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6242 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6244 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6246 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6248 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6250 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6252 =item Comments in pack() templates
6254 =item Weak references
6256 =item Binary numbers supported
6258 =item Lvalue subroutines
6260 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6262 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6264 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6266 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6268 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6270 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6272 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6274 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6276 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6278 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6280 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6282 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6284 =item Improved diagnostics
6286 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6288 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6290 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6292 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6294 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6296 =item Improved security features
6298 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6300 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6302 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6304 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6306 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6308 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6310 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6314 =item Modules and Pragmata
6320 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6321 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6322 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6323 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6324 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6325 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6326 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6327 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6333 =item Utility Changes
6347 =item The Perl Debugger
6351 =item Improved Documentation
6353 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6354 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6355 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6356 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6358 =item Performance enhancements
6362 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6364 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6366 =item Faster subroutine calls
6368 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6372 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6376 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6378 =item New Configure flags
6380 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6386 =item -Duselargefiles
6388 =item installusrbinperl
6394 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6398 =item Platform specific changes
6402 =item Supported platforms
6406 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6414 =item Significant bug fixes
6418 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6420 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6422 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6424 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6426 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6428 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6430 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6432 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6434 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6436 =item Locale bugs fixed
6440 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6442 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6444 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6446 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6450 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6452 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6453 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6454 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6455 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6456 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6457 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6458 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6459 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6460 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6461 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6462 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6463 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6464 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6465 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6466 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6467 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6468 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6469 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6470 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6471 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6472 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6473 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6474 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6475 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6476 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6477 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6478 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6479 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6480 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6481 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6482 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6483 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6484 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6485 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6486 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6487 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6488 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6489 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6490 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6491 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6492 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6493 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6494 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6495 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6496 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6497 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6498 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6499 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6500 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6501 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6505 =item Incompatible Changes
6509 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6511 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6512 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6513 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6514 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6515 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6516 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6517 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6518 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6519 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6520 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6521 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6523 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6525 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6527 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6529 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6531 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6535 =item Known Problems
6539 =item Thread test failures
6541 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6543 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6545 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6547 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6550 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6552 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6554 =item Experimental features
6556 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6557 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6558 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6562 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6564 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6565 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6566 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6567 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6569 =item Reporting Bugs
6577 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6583 =item About the new versioning system
6585 =item Incompatible Changes
6589 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6591 =item Default installation structure has changed
6593 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6595 =item C Source Compatibility
6597 =item Binary Compatibility
6599 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6601 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6615 =item Regular Expressions
6617 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6618 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6619 improvements, Incompatible changes
6621 =item Improved malloc()
6623 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6625 =item Reliable signals
6627 =item Reliable stack pointers
6629 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6633 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6635 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6637 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6639 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6641 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6643 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6645 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6647 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6649 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6651 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6653 =item Better locale support
6655 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6657 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6659 =item Extended support for exception handling
6661 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6663 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6665 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6667 =item New C<lock> keyword
6669 =item New C<qr//> operator
6671 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6673 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6675 =item Tied handles support is better
6677 =item 4th argument to substr
6679 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6681 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6683 =item <> now reads in records
6687 =item Supported Platforms
6693 =item Changes in existing support
6697 =item Modules and Pragmata
6703 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6704 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6705 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6707 =item Changes in existing modules
6709 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6710 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6714 =item Utility Changes
6716 =item Documentation Changes
6718 =item New Diagnostics
6720 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6721 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6722 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6723 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6724 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6725 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6726 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6727 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6728 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6729 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6730 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6731 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6732 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6733 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6734 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6735 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6736 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6738 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6740 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6741 temporary file, regexp too big
6743 =item Configuration Changes
6753 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
6759 =item Supported Environments
6765 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6767 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6769 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6771 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6773 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6775 =item More precise warnings
6777 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6779 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6781 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6783 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6785 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6787 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6789 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6791 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6793 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6795 =item Changes to tainting checks
6797 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6798 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6800 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6802 =item Embedding improvements
6804 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6806 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6808 =item New and changed syntax
6812 =item New and changed builtin constants
6816 =item New and changed builtin variables
6820 =item New and changed builtin functions
6822 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6823 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6824 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6825 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6826 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6828 =item New builtin methods
6830 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6832 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6834 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6835 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6837 =item Malloc enhancements
6839 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6841 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6845 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6861 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6862 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6868 =item Required Updates
6870 =item Installation directories
6872 =item Module information summary
6886 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6890 =item Utility Changes
6896 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6900 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6904 =item C Language API Changes
6906 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6909 =item Documentation Changes
6911 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6912 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6914 =item New Diagnostics
6916 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6917 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6918 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6919 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6920 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6921 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6922 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6923 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6924 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6925 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6926 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6927 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6928 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6929 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6930 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6931 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6932 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6933 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6934 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6935 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6936 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6937 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6938 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6939 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6940 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6950 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6958 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6962 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6964 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
6966 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
6968 =item Using Large Files with Perl
6974 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
6984 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
6994 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7010 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7012 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7014 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7016 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7022 =item Accessing documentation
7026 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7028 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7030 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7032 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7036 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7040 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7042 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7044 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7046 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7048 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7052 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
7060 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7068 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7070 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7074 =item Contact Information
7076 =item Update 2002-05-30
7082 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7092 =item gzip on BS2000
7094 =item bison on BS2000
7096 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7098 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7100 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7102 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7104 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7106 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7108 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7142 =item Acknowledgements
7148 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7154 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7158 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7160 =item Cygwin Configuration
7162 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7166 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7170 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7172 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7174 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7175 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
7177 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7179 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7180 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7183 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7185 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7189 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7193 =item Warnings on Cygwin
7199 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7203 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7205 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7207 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
7211 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7213 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7215 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7216 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7218 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7226 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7238 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7242 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7244 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7246 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7248 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7258 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7268 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7272 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7274 =item Building Perl on DOS
7276 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7278 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7282 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7286 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7288 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7290 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7292 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7302 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7310 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7312 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7316 =item Editors on Epoc
7318 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7320 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7322 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7326 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7334 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
7342 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
7344 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
7346 =item Perl will no more be part of "base FreeBSD"
7354 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7363 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7365 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7377 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7379 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7381 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7383 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7385 =item The GNU C Compiler
7387 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7389 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7391 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7393 =item Oracle on HP-UX
7395 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7397 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7399 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7401 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7405 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7413 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7421 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7429 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
7437 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
7439 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
7441 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
7443 =item Linker Problems in Irix
7445 =item Malloc in Irix
7447 =item Building with threads in Irix
7455 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7464 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7466 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7468 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7470 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7480 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7494 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7500 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7506 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7514 =item Binary distribution from HP
7516 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7518 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7520 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7522 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7524 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7526 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7527 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7529 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7533 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7535 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7537 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7539 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7541 =item Perl/iX Change History
7557 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
7569 =item Build new extensions
7571 =item Acknowledgements
7579 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7599 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7601 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7603 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7607 =item Frequently asked questions
7611 =item "It does not work"
7613 =item I cannot run external programs
7615 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7618 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7621 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7623 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7631 =item Automatic binary installation
7633 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7635 =item Manual binary installation
7637 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7638 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7639 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7640 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7641 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7647 =item Accessing documentation
7651 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7659 =item GNU C<info> files
7671 =item The short story
7675 =item Getting perl source
7677 =item Application of the patches
7685 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7688 =item Installing the built perl
7690 =item C<a.out>-style build
7698 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7700 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7702 =item Problems with tr or sed
7704 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7706 =item Library ... not found
7708 =item Segfault in make
7710 =item op/sprintf test failure
7714 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7718 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7722 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7724 =item Additional modules:
7726 =item Prebuilt methods:
7728 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7729 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7730 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7731 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7732 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7733 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7734 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7735 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7736 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7737 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7738 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
7740 =item Prebuilt variables:
7742 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
7748 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7751 =item Identifying DLLs
7753 =item Centralized management of resources
7769 =item F<perl___.exe>
7771 =item Why strange names?
7773 =item Why dynamic linking?
7775 =item Why chimera build?
7783 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7785 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7787 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7789 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7791 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7793 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7803 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7805 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7807 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7810 =item DLL forwarder generation
7814 =item Calls to external programs
7816 =item Memory allocation
7820 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7836 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7849 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7851 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7853 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7855 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7857 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7859 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7861 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7863 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7865 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7867 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7877 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7885 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7893 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7895 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7897 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7899 =item QNX auxiliary files
7903 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7911 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7921 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7923 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7925 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7927 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7931 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7935 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7947 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
7955 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
7961 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
7967 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
7969 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
7971 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
7975 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
7979 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7981 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
7983 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7987 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
7989 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
7990 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
7991 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
7997 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
7999 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8003 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
8005 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
8009 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
8013 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
8015 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
8019 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
8021 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
8023 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
8033 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
8034 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
8042 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
8044 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
8046 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
8048 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
8050 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
8052 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
8056 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
8058 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
8060 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
8066 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
8074 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
8076 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
8082 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
8092 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
8094 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8096 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
8098 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
8100 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
8110 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
8116 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
8124 =item Organization of Perl Images
8130 =item Perl Extensions
8132 =item Installing static extensions
8134 =item Installing dynamic extensions
8138 =item File specifications
8144 =item Wildcard expansion
8150 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8156 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8158 =item Command line switches
8164 =item Perl functions
8166 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
8167 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
8168 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
8169 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
8171 =item Perl variables
8173 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
8175 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
8189 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
8197 =item Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
8199 =item Stratus POSIX Support
8203 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
8207 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
8209 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
8213 =item USING PERL IN VOS
8217 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
8219 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
8221 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
8227 =item SUPPORT STATUS
8235 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
8245 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
8247 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
8248 SDK 64-bit Compiler, Mingw32 with GCC
8252 =item Testing Perl on Win32
8254 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
8256 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
8258 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
8259 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
8260 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
8262 =item Running Perl Scripts
8264 Miscellaneous Things
8268 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
8272 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
8273 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
8274 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8282 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8284 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8296 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8306 =head2 threadshared::queue, threads::shared::queue - thread-safe queues
8314 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
8316 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
8322 =head2 threadshared::semaphore, threads::shared::semaphore - thread-safe
8331 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
8333 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
8337 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8338 data structures between threads
8350 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
8351 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8363 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8372 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8373 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->yield();, threads->list();, async
8378 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8382 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are
8383 not threadsafe, will not be
8385 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8391 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8401 =item Built-in Attributes
8403 locked, method, lvalue
8405 =item Available Subroutines
8409 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8411 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8413 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8421 =item Default exports
8423 =item Available exports
8425 =item Export tags defined
8435 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8447 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8463 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8477 =head2 bigint - Transparent big integer support for Perl
8489 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8493 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8513 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
8525 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8529 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8549 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
8571 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
8572 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
8573 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
8574 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
8575 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
8585 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8599 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8612 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8621 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8623 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8625 =item charnames::vianame(name)
8629 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
8635 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8647 =item List constants
8649 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8651 =item Magic constants
8655 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8665 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8676 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8678 =item The I<splain> Program
8692 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
8702 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
8703 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
8711 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
8715 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
8717 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
8719 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
8721 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8727 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8741 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8751 =item subpragma access
8757 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
8771 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8782 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8792 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8802 =item Adding directories to @INC
8804 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8806 =item Restoring original @INC
8820 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8831 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
8839 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8841 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8847 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8859 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8869 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8871 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8873 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8875 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8877 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8879 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8881 =item Overloadable Operations
8883 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8884 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8885 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8887 =item Inheritance and overloading
8889 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8890 is inherited by derived classes
8894 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8902 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8904 =item Copy Constructor
8910 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8912 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8913 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8914 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8917 =item Losing overloading
8919 =item Run-time Overloading
8921 =item Public functions
8923 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8925 =item Overloading constants
8927 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8929 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8931 =item Metaphor clash
8937 =item Two-face scalars
8939 =item Two-face references
8941 =item Symbolic calculator
8943 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8951 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8952 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8958 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8968 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8980 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8982 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8986 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8990 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
8998 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
9010 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
9018 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
9022 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
9032 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9041 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9042 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->yield();, threads->list();, async
9047 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9051 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are
9052 not threadsafe, will not be
9054 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9060 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
9061 structures between threads
9073 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
9074 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9086 =head2 threadshared::queue, threads::shared::queue - thread-safe queues
9094 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
9096 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
9102 =head2 threadshared::semaphore, threads::shared::semaphore - thread-safe
9111 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
9113 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
9117 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
9128 =item Utility functions
9130 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]),
9131 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
9142 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
9152 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
9160 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
9164 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
9172 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
9173 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
9174 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
9175 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
9176 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
9180 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
9190 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
9192 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
9202 =item DBM Comparisons
9212 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
9222 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
9226 =item Typed lexicals
9228 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
9230 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
9232 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
9234 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
9242 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
9243 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
9244 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
9245 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
9246 be able to apply END handler>
9256 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
9266 =item Subroutine Stubs
9268 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9270 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9272 =item Package Lexicals
9274 =item Not Using AutoLoader
9276 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
9286 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
9294 $keep, $check, $modtime
9298 =item Multiple packages
9306 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
9314 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
9318 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
9326 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
9340 =item B::PVMG METHODS
9344 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
9346 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
9348 =item B::PVLV METHODS
9350 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
9354 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
9358 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
9359 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
9363 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
9364 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
9368 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
9372 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
9377 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
9379 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
9383 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
9385 =item B::UNOP METHOD
9389 =item B::BINOP METHOD
9393 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
9397 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
9401 =item B::PMOP METHODS
9403 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
9404 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
9406 =item B::SVOP METHOD
9410 =item B::PADOP METHOD
9414 =item B::PVOP METHOD
9418 =item B::LOOP METHODS
9420 redoop, nextop, lastop
9422 =item B::COP METHODS
9424 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
9428 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
9430 main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
9431 regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP,
9432 METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE,
9433 PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c,
9434 cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
9440 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
9449 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
9455 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9467 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9487 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9497 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9498 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9499 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9509 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9519 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9520 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9521 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9532 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9542 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9543 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9544 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
9556 =item Context of ".."
9560 =item Deprecated features
9568 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
9580 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
9581 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
9582 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
9584 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
9586 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
9587 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
9588 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
9589 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
9590 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
9591 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
9592 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
9593 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
9599 =item OP flags abbreviations
9601 =item OP class abbreviations
9605 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
9611 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
9623 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
9633 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
9634 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
9636 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
9646 =item ambient_pragmas
9648 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
9660 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
9672 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
9680 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
9682 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
9683 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
9685 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9695 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9705 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9713 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9725 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9737 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9739 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9751 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9761 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
9769 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9789 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9803 =item Standard Exports
9805 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9806 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9807 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9809 =item Optional Exports
9811 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9812 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9813 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9829 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9833 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9847 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9857 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9858 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9859 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9869 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9881 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9883 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9885 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9887 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9889 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9891 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9893 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9895 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9897 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9899 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9901 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9903 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9905 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9907 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9909 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9911 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9913 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9915 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9916 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9920 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9921 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9924 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9926 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9927 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9932 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9936 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9938 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9940 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9942 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9944 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9946 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9948 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9950 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9951 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9953 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9957 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9961 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9963 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9965 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9967 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9969 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9971 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9972 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9974 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9978 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9982 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9984 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9986 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9988 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9992 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
9994 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
9996 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
10000 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
10002 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
10006 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
10010 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
10014 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
10018 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
10022 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
10024 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
10026 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
10030 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
10034 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
10040 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
10041 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
10043 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
10045 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
10046 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
10049 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
10055 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
10059 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
10061 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
10062 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
10063 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
10064 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
10065 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
10067 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
10069 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
10074 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
10076 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
10078 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
10079 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
10081 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
10083 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10087 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
10088 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
10089 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
10090 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
10091 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
10092 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
10093 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
10094 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
10095 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
10096 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
10097 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
10098 ...and many many more..
10100 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
10108 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
10118 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10126 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
10135 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
10137 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
10141 =item Changing the default message
10145 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
10155 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
10163 =item USING CGI::Cookie
10165 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
10169 =item Creating New Cookies
10171 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
10173 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
10175 =item Manipulating Cookies
10177 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
10181 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10189 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
10197 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
10199 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
10201 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
10203 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
10205 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
10207 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
10211 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10219 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
10229 =item Tags that won't be formatted
10231 =item Customizing the Indenting
10243 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
10251 =item USING CGI::Push
10253 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
10257 =item Heterogeneous Pages
10259 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
10263 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
10265 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10273 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
10283 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10291 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
10299 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10305 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
10315 =item Interactive Mode
10317 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
10318 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
10319 distribution, ls author, Signals
10327 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
10329 =item Programmer's interface
10331 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
10333 =item Methods in the other Classes
10335 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
10336 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
10337 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
10338 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
10339 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
10340 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
10341 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
10342 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
10343 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
10344 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
10345 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
10346 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
10347 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
10348 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
10349 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
10350 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
10351 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
10352 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
10353 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
10354 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
10355 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
10356 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
10357 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
10358 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
10359 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
10360 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
10362 =item Cache Manager
10366 =item Prerequisites
10368 =item Finding packages and VERSION
10372 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
10376 =item CONFIGURATION
10378 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
10379 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
10380 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
10381 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
10385 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
10387 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
10395 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
10397 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
10401 =item Three basic types of firewalls
10403 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
10405 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
10411 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
10423 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
10433 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
10446 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
10456 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10464 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10466 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10476 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10477 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10478 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10480 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10488 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10498 =item The C<struct()> function
10500 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10502 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10504 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10505 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10507 =item Initializing with C<new>
10513 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10515 =item Author and Modification History
10519 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10527 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
10539 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
10543 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
10544 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
10545 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
10546 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
10550 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
10554 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
10555 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
10556 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
10557 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
10558 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
10559 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
10560 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
10564 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
10565 C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>,
10566 C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
10567 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
10568 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
10569 C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>,
10570 C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>,
10571 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
10572 C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
10573 C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>,
10574 C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>,
10575 C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>,
10576 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>,
10577 C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
10578 C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
10579 C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>,
10580 C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
10581 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
10582 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
10583 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>,
10584 C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
10585 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>,
10586 C<d_gethostent_r>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>,
10587 C<d_getlogin_r>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
10588 C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>,
10589 C<d_getnetent_r>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
10590 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
10591 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>,
10592 C<d_getprotobynumber_r>, C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>,
10593 C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>,
10594 C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
10595 C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>, C<d_getservent_r>,
10596 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>, C<d_gettimeod>,
10597 C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
10598 C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>,
10599 C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>,
10600 C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
10601 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
10602 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
10603 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
10604 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
10605 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
10606 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
10607 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
10608 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
10609 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
10610 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
10611 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
10612 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
10613 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
10614 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>,
10615 C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
10616 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
10617 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
10618 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
10619 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
10620 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
10621 C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>,
10622 C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>,
10623 C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>,
10624 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>,
10625 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>,
10626 C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>,
10627 C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>,
10628 C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
10629 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>,
10630 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
10631 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
10632 C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>,
10633 C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
10634 C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
10635 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
10636 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
10637 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
10638 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
10639 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
10640 C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
10641 C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
10642 C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
10643 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
10644 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
10645 C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
10646 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
10647 C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
10648 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
10649 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
10650 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
10651 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
10652 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
10653 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
10657 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
10658 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
10659 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
10660 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
10664 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
10665 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
10670 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>, C<getgrgid_r_proto>,
10671 C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>, C<gethostbyname_r_proto>,
10672 C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>, C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>,
10673 C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>, C<getprotobyname_r_proto>,
10674 C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>, C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>,
10675 C<getpwnam_r_proto>, C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>,
10676 C<getservbyport_r_proto>, C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>,
10677 C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>,
10678 C<gmtime_r_proto>, C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>,
10683 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
10687 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
10688 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
10689 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
10690 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
10691 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
10692 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
10693 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
10694 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
10695 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
10696 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
10697 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
10698 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
10699 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
10700 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
10701 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
10702 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
10703 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
10704 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
10705 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
10706 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
10707 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
10708 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
10709 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
10710 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
10714 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
10718 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
10719 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
10720 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
10721 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
10722 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
10723 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
10728 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10729 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10730 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10734 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10735 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10739 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10740 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10741 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
10742 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
10743 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10747 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10748 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10752 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10753 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10757 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10758 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10759 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10760 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10764 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10768 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
10769 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
10770 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10774 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10775 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
10776 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
10777 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
10778 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
10779 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
10780 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
10781 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10782 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10783 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10784 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10785 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10786 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>,
10787 C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
10788 C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
10789 C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
10790 C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10794 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10795 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
10800 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10801 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10802 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10803 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10804 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10805 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10806 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10807 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10808 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10812 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10813 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10814 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10815 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10819 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10823 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10835 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10845 =item getcwd and friends
10847 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10849 =item abs_path and friends
10851 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10863 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10875 =item Global Variables
10877 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10878 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10883 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10884 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10886 =item Client Callback Methods
10888 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10889 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10890 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10900 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10908 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10912 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10914 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10916 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10918 =item Default Parameters
10920 =item In Memory Databases
10928 =item A Simple Example
10936 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10938 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10940 =item The get_dup() Method
10942 =item The find_dup() Method
10944 =item The del_dup() Method
10946 =item Matching Partial Keys
10954 =item The 'bval' Option
10956 =item A Simple Example
10958 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10960 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10961 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10962 length, elements);>
10964 =item Another Example
10968 =item THE API INTERFACE
10970 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10971 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10972 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10973 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10977 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10978 B<filter_fetch_value>
10984 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10986 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10990 =item HINTS AND TIPS
10994 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
10996 =item Safe ways to lock a database
10998 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
11000 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
11002 =item The untie() Gotcha
11006 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
11010 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
11012 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
11014 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
11016 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
11036 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
11037 printing and C<eval>
11049 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
11050 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
11051 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
11058 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
11060 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11061 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11062 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11063 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11064 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11065 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11066 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11067 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11068 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11069 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11070 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11071 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11072 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11073 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11074 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
11094 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
11102 =item PROFILE FORMAT
11114 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
11136 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
11146 =item Runtime debugging
11148 =item Memory footprint debugging
11156 =item A simple scalar string
11158 =item A simple scalar number
11160 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
11162 =item A reference to a simple scalar
11164 =item A reference to an array
11166 =item A reference to a hash
11168 =item Dumping a large array or hash
11170 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
11172 =item A reference to a subroutine
11186 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
11196 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
11204 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
11208 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
11209 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
11210 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
11218 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
11228 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
11232 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
11233 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
11245 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
11257 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
11269 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
11270 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
11271 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
11276 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
11277 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
11283 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
11291 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
11292 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
11293 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
11294 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
11301 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
11314 =head2 Encode - character encodings
11322 =item Table of Contents
11334 =item PERL ENCODING API
11336 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
11337 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
11338 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
11343 =item Listing available encodings
11345 =item Defining Aliases
11349 =item Encoding via PerlIO
11351 =item Handling Malformed Data
11353 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
11354 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
11355 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
11356 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
11361 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
11365 =item Defining Encodings
11367 =item The UTF-8 flag
11369 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
11373 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
11375 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
11385 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
11393 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11398 =item Alias overloading
11406 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
11420 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11422 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
11438 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
11440 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
11442 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
11456 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
11466 =item Methods you should implement
11468 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11470 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11472 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11474 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11478 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11482 =item Compiled Encodings
11488 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11492 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
11502 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11503 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11504 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11514 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
11524 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
11532 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11534 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
11536 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
11550 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
11552 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
11568 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
11574 =item How does it work?
11582 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11590 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
11598 =item Encoding Names
11602 =item Supported Encodings
11606 =item Built-in Encodings
11608 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11610 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11612 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11613 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11615 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11617 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11618 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11619 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11621 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11623 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11627 =item Unsupported encodings
11629 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11630 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11631 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11632 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11634 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11636 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11640 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11642 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11648 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11649 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11656 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11657 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11661 =item Other Notable Sites
11663 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11664 "Introduction to i18n"
11666 =item Offline sources
11668 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11674 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
11688 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
11704 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
11712 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
11714 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
11720 =item by endianness
11722 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
11726 =item Surrogate Pairs
11732 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
11741 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11746 =item Alias overloading
11754 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
11755 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11757 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
11760 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
11763 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
11764 Implementation Base Class
11774 =item Methods you should implement
11776 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11778 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11780 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11782 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11786 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11790 =item Compiled Encodings
11796 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11800 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
11811 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11812 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11813 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11823 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
11824 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11826 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
11829 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
11832 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
11833 and 'Q' header encoding
11849 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
11850 on Encode and PerlIO
11856 =item How does it work?
11864 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11872 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
11873 supported by Encode
11881 =item Encoding Names
11885 =item Supported Encodings
11889 =item Built-in Encodings
11891 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11893 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11895 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11896 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11898 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11900 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11901 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11902 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11904 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11906 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11910 =item Unsupported encodings
11912 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11913 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11914 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11915 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11917 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11919 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11923 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11925 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11931 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11932 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11939 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11940 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11944 =item Other Notable Sites
11946 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11947 "Introduction to i18n"
11949 =item Offline sources
11951 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11957 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11963 use Encode::Encoder;
11964 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11965 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11967 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11968 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11969 # you can stack them!
11970 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11971 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11972 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
11974 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
11976 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
11984 =item Predefined Methods
11986 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
11987 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
11988 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
11990 =item Example: base64 transcoder
11992 =item Operator Overloading
12000 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
12001 non-ascii or non-utf8
12011 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
12012 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
12020 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
12024 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
12026 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
12028 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
12030 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
12036 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12042 use Encode::Encoder;
12043 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
12044 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
12046 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
12047 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
12048 # you can stack them!
12049 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
12050 # you can use it as a decoder as well
12051 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
12053 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
12055 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
12063 =item Predefined Methods
12065 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12066 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12067 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12069 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12071 =item Operator Overloading
12079 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
12092 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
12107 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
12123 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
12133 =item How to Export
12135 =item Selecting What To Export
12137 =item How to Import
12139 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
12143 =item Advanced features
12147 =item Specialised Import Lists
12149 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
12151 =item Module Version Checking
12153 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
12155 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
12157 =item Generating combined tags
12159 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
12165 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
12175 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
12196 mv source... destination
12198 cp source... destination
12216 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
12228 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
12238 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
12246 perl_stringify NAME
12250 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
12252 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
12256 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
12264 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
12267 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12269 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
12271 WriteMakefileSnippet
12273 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
12274 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12282 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
12294 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
12295 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
12305 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
12315 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
12327 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
12328 packlist(), version()
12336 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
12344 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
12345 dynamic extensions at load time
12351 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
12361 =item VMS implementation
12363 =item Win32 implementation
12371 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
12381 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
12389 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
12393 =item File::Spec wrappers B<DEPRECATED>
12407 file_name_is_absolute
12417 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
12431 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12432 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12444 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12445 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12453 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
12457 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12467 =item Overridden methods
12469 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12483 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12484 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12526 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12527 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12543 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12544 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12558 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12568 =item Overridden methods
12570 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12584 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12598 =item SelfLoaded methods
12650 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
12698 maybe_command_in_dirs
12722 post_initialize (o)
12736 replace_manpage_separator
12750 test_via_harness (override)
12752 test_via_script (override)
12782 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12783 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12793 =item Methods always loaded
12805 guess_name (override)
12809 find_perl (override)
12811 maybe_command (override)
12813 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
12815 perl_script (override)
12817 replace_manpage_separator
12819 init_main (override)
12821 init_others (override)
12823 constants (override)
12827 const_cccmd (override)
12829 pm_to_blib (override)
12831 tool_autosplit (override)
12833 tool_sxubpp (override)
12835 xsubpp_version (override)
12837 tools_other (override)
12847 top_targets (override)
12851 dynamic_lib (override)
12853 dynamic_bs (override)
12855 static_lib (override)
12857 manifypods (override)
12859 processPL (override)
12861 installbin (override)
12863 subdir_x (override)
12867 realclean (override)
12869 dist_core (override)
12871 dist_test (override)
12875 perldepend (override)
12877 makefile (override)
12879 find_tests (override)
12883 makeaperl (override)
12885 nicetext (override)
12887 prefixify (override)
12889 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12890 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12912 tool_autosplit (override)
12928 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
12938 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
12948 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
12958 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
12960 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
12968 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
12972 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
12974 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
12976 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
12978 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
12980 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
12981 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
12982 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST,
12983 FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
12984 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT,
12985 INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR,
12986 INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB,
12987 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
12988 INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB,
12989 LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS,
12990 MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT,
12991 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
12992 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
12993 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
12994 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
12995 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION,
12996 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
12998 =item Additional lowercase attributes
13000 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
13003 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
13005 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
13007 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
13009 =item Hintsfile support
13011 =item Distribution Support
13013 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
13014 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
13015 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
13017 =item Disabling an extension
13023 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
13031 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
13039 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
13043 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
13047 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
13048 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
13052 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
13060 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
13072 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
13082 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
13091 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
13099 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
13111 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
13119 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
13129 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
13141 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
13151 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
13155 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
13163 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
13167 C<basename>, C<dirname>
13171 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
13185 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
13199 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
13209 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
13211 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
13223 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
13233 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
13245 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
13253 B<find>, B<finddepth>
13259 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
13260 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
13261 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
13263 =item The wanted function
13265 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
13266 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
13267 pathname to the file
13275 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
13283 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
13291 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
13292 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
13293 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
13297 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
13305 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
13317 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
13327 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
13328 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
13329 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
13337 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
13347 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
13365 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
13383 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
13411 file_name_is_absolute
13441 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
13451 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
13484 file_name_is_absolute
13506 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
13522 =item Methods always loaded
13524 canonpath (override)
13542 case_tolerant (override)
13546 file_name_is_absolute (override)
13548 splitpath (override)
13550 splitdir (override)
13564 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
13590 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
13600 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
13624 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
13638 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
13648 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
13656 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
13664 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
13666 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
13678 =item Temporary files and NFS
13690 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
13704 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
13712 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
13720 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
13728 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
13734 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
13748 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
13750 =item All-in-one interface
13752 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
13754 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
13757 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
13759 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
13760 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
13761 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
13763 described in the previous section.
13765 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
13767 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
13779 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
13789 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
13793 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
13795 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
13803 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
13805 =item Example 2: Using the context
13807 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
13809 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
13813 =item Filter::Simple
13821 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
13829 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
13841 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
13857 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
13865 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
13867 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
13871 =item Simple options
13873 =item A little bit less simple options
13875 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
13877 =item Options with values
13879 =item Options with multiple values
13881 =item Options with hash values
13883 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
13885 =item Options with multiple names
13887 =item Case and abbreviations
13889 =item Summary of Option Specifications
13891 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
13896 =item Advanced Possibilities
13900 =item Object oriented interface
13902 =item Thread Safety
13904 =item Documentation and help texts
13906 =item Storing options in a hash
13910 =item The lonesome dash
13912 =item Argument callback
13916 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
13918 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
13919 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
13920 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
13921 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
13922 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
13924 =item Return values and Errors
13930 =item Default destinations
13932 =item Alternative option starters
13934 =item Configuration variables
13938 =item Trouble Shooting
13942 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
13944 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
13947 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
13949 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
13955 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13959 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
13970 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
13980 =item Restricted hashes
13982 lock_keys, unlock_keys
13988 lock_value, unlock_value
13990 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
14000 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
14011 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
14022 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
14024 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
14026 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14028 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14030 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
14032 the function super_languages($lang1)
14034 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
14036 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
14038 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
14040 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
14044 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
14046 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
14056 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
14064 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
14066 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
14068 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
14069 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
14070 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
14071 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
14072 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
14073 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
14074 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
14075 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
14076 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
14077 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
14078 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
14079 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
14080 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
14081 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
14082 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
14083 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
14084 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
14085 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
14086 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
14087 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
14088 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
14089 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
14090 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
14091 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
14092 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
14093 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
14094 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
14095 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
14096 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
14097 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
14098 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
14099 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
14100 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
14101 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
14102 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
14103 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
14104 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
14105 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
14106 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
14107 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
14108 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
14109 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
14110 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
14111 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
14112 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
14113 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
14114 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
14115 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
14116 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
14117 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
14118 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
14119 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
14120 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
14121 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
14122 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
14123 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
14124 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
14125 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
14126 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
14127 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
14128 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
14129 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
14130 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
14131 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
14132 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
14133 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
14134 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
14135 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
14136 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
14137 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
14138 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
14139 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
14140 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
14141 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
14142 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
14143 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
14144 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
14145 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
14146 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
14147 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
14148 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
14149 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
14150 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
14151 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
14152 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
14153 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
14154 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
14155 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
14156 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
14157 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
14158 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
14159 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
14160 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
14161 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
14162 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
14163 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
14164 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
14165 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
14166 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
14167 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
14168 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
14169 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
14170 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
14171 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
14172 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
14173 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
14174 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
14175 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
14176 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
14177 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
14178 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
14179 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
14180 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
14181 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
14182 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
14183 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
14184 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
14185 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
14186 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
14190 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14196 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
14214 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14218 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
14228 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
14236 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14237 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14247 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14257 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14261 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14269 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
14279 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14283 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14284 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14285 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14286 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14298 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14308 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14312 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14322 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14332 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14333 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14343 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
14351 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14352 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14361 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
14371 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14375 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14376 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14377 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14387 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
14401 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14402 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14412 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
14428 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14441 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
14455 hostpath(), peerpath()
14465 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
14474 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14475 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14485 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14495 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14499 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14507 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
14518 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14522 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14523 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14524 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14525 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14537 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14547 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14551 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14561 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14571 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14572 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14582 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
14591 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14592 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14601 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
14612 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14616 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14617 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14618 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14628 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
14643 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14644 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14654 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
14655 AF_INET domain sockets
14671 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14684 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
14685 AF_UNIX domain sockets
14699 hostpath(), peerpath()
14709 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14719 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14720 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14731 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
14745 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
14758 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
14768 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14769 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14770 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14781 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
14799 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14809 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14810 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14821 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
14832 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14833 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14834 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14845 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
14853 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14854 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14858 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14864 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
14865 general-utility list subroutines
14873 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14874 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14878 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14884 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
14885 general-utility scalar subroutines
14893 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
14894 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14904 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
14912 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14916 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
14924 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
14932 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
14934 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14936 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
14937 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
14939 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14941 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
14943 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
14949 =item rename_country
14957 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14961 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
14962 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
14963 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
14964 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
14972 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
14973 identification (ISO 4217)
14983 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14985 code2currency(), currency2code()
14987 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14989 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
14993 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14997 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
14998 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
15006 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
15015 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15017 code2language(), language2code()
15019 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15021 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
15025 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15029 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
15030 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
15038 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
15046 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15052 =item Construction Methods
15054 =item The "maketext" Method
15056 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
15058 =item Utility Methods
15060 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
15061 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
15062 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
15063 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
15065 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
15069 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
15071 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
15073 =item BRACKET NOTATION
15075 =item AUTO LEXICONS
15077 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
15079 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
15083 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15089 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
15097 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
15101 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
15103 =item The Linguistic View
15105 =item Breaking gettext
15107 =item Replacing gettext
15109 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
15111 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
15113 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
15115 =item Buzzword: Concision
15117 =item The Devil in the Details
15119 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
15127 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
15135 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
15139 =item SPECIAL CODES
15143 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15145 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
15146 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
15148 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15150 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
15154 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15158 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
15159 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
15167 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
15175 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
15179 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
15187 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
15188 of quoted-printable strings
15196 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15202 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
15211 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15217 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
15227 =item Canonical notation
15231 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
15233 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
15237 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
15238 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
15246 =item Autocreating constants
15252 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
15260 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
15268 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
15276 Canonical notation, Input, Output
15298 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
15300 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
15302 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
15303 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
15305 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
15391 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
15401 =item Rounding mode R
15403 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
15404 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
15405 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
15418 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
15426 =item Autocreating constants
15432 =item Alternative math libraries
15438 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
15446 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
15452 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
15456 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
15457 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
15458 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
15468 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
15478 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
15482 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
15484 the same terms as Perl itself.
15492 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals
15514 =item denominator()
15516 $d = $x->denominator();
15526 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
15540 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
15553 =item STRINGIFICATION
15557 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
15563 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
15565 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
15573 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
15581 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
15587 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
15589 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
15593 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15595 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
15599 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
15601 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15603 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
15604 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
15608 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
15614 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
15624 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
15642 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
15644 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
15648 =item OTHER FACILITIES
15654 =item C<flush_cache>
15660 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
15662 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
15670 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15676 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
15685 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
15696 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
15708 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15716 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15724 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
15733 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
15742 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
15750 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
15758 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15764 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15768 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15772 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
15782 =item Enforcing redispatch
15784 =item Avoiding repetitions
15790 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15796 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
15806 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
15809 =item CLASS METHODS
15811 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
15812 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
15813 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
15823 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
15833 requires_firewall HOST
15835 =item NetConfig VALUES
15837 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
15838 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
15839 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
15843 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
15852 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
15860 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
15872 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
15876 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
15877 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
15878 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
15879 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
15880 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
15881 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
15882 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
15883 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
15884 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
15885 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
15886 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
15887 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
15888 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
15892 =item Methods for the adventurous
15898 =item THE dataconn CLASS
15900 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
15901 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
15903 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
15905 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
15907 =item REPORTING BUGS
15915 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
15923 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
15933 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
15937 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
15938 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
15939 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
15940 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
15941 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
15942 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
15943 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
15947 =item Extension methods
15949 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
15950 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
15951 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
15952 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
15961 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
15971 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
15983 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
15987 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
15988 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
15989 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
15990 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
16002 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
16014 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->source_verify( {
16015 0 | 1 } );, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->ping($host
16016 [, $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [,
16031 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
16043 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
16047 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
16048 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
16049 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
16050 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
16051 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
16052 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
16065 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
16073 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
16074 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
16082 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
16099 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
16107 =item Where to get this document
16109 =item How to contribute to this document
16113 =item Author and Copyright Information
16121 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
16125 =item What is libnet ?
16127 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
16129 =item What other modules do I need ?
16131 =item What machines support libnet ?
16133 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
16137 =item Using Net::FTP
16141 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
16143 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
16145 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
16147 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
16150 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
16152 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
16154 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
16156 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
16158 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
16160 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
16163 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
16165 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
16168 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
16171 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
16175 =item Using Net::SMTP
16179 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
16182 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
16184 =item The verify method always returns true ?
16188 =item Debugging scripts
16192 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
16196 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
16200 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
16217 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
16232 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
16249 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
16257 =item THE .netrc FILE
16259 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
16264 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
16268 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
16278 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
16288 =item IMPLEMENTATION
16296 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
16304 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16310 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16314 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16318 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
16330 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
16332 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
16333 or optag, an operator set (opset)
16335 =item Opcode Functions
16337 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
16338 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
16339 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
16342 =item Manipulating Opsets
16344 =item TO DO (maybe)
16350 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
16352 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
16353 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
16354 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
16363 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
16372 a new namespace, an operator mask
16378 =item RECENT CHANGES
16380 =item Methods in class Safe
16382 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16383 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16384 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16385 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16387 =item Some Safety Issues
16389 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16397 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
16410 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
16424 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
16425 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
16426 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
16427 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
16428 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
16429 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
16430 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
16431 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
16432 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
16433 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
16434 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
16435 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
16436 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
16437 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
16438 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
16439 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
16440 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
16441 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
16442 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
16443 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
16444 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
16445 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
16446 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
16447 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
16448 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
16455 =item POSIX::SigAction
16459 =item POSIX::SigSet
16461 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
16463 =item POSIX::Termios
16465 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
16466 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
16467 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
16468 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
16469 values, c_oflag field values
16473 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
16477 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
16481 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
16535 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
16536 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
16540 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
16549 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw
16553 =item Alternatives to raw
16555 =item Defaults and how to override them
16565 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
16575 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
16583 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
16584 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]),
16585 $class->FDOPEN($fd), $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh),
16586 $obj->FILENO($fh), $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh),
16587 $obj->FILL($fh), $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh),
16588 $obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh),
16589 $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh),
16594 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
16600 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
16612 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
16618 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
16624 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
16636 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
16637 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
16638 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
16639 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
16640 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
16641 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
16642 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
16643 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
16648 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
16649 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
16650 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
16651 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
16652 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
16653 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
16657 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
16658 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
16670 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
16672 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
16675 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
16677 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
16679 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
16681 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
16683 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
16691 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
16703 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
16705 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
16712 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
16718 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
16720 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
16727 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
16739 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
16749 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
16750 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
16765 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
16778 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
16779 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
16785 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
16809 =item B<was_cutting()>
16815 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
16821 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
16827 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16833 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
16839 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16845 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
16851 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
16857 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16863 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16869 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
16875 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
16881 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16887 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16893 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
16899 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
16905 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16911 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
16917 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
16923 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16929 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16935 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
16941 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
16947 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
16953 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
16959 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
16965 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16971 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
16977 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16983 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
16995 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
17007 =item OBJECT METHODS
17015 =item Data Accessors
17031 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
17033 B<StartWithNewPage>
17047 =item Subclassed methods
17061 B<interior_sequence>
17077 =item Methods for headings
17085 =item Internal methods
17091 B<_replace_special_chars>
17093 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
17099 B<_clean_latex_commands>
17101 B<_split_delimited>
17117 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
17125 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
17130 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
17131 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
17132 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
17143 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17147 =head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
17157 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17161 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
17175 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
17183 $list-E<gt>indent()
17191 $list-E<gt>parent()
17197 =item Pod::Hyperlink
17199 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
17203 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
17205 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
17209 $link-E<gt>warning()
17211 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
17217 $link-E<gt>alttext()
17227 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
17233 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
17237 =item Pod::Cache::Item
17239 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
17243 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
17245 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
17247 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
17249 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
17251 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
17253 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
17255 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
17265 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
17277 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
17279 =item PARSING OPTIONS
17281 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
17282 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
17288 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17296 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17302 =item B<verbatim()>
17304 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17310 =item B<textblock()>
17312 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17318 =item B<interior_sequence()>
17324 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17336 =item B<initialize()>
17342 =item B<begin_pod()>
17348 =item B<begin_input()>
17354 =item B<end_input()>
17366 =item B<preprocess_line()>
17372 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
17378 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
17384 =item B<parse_text()>
17386 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
17387 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
17388 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
17394 =item B<interpolate()>
17400 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
17406 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
17412 =item B<parse_from_file()>
17418 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
17424 =item B<errorsub()>
17436 =item B<parseopts()>
17442 =item B<output_file()>
17448 =item B<output_handle()>
17454 =item B<input_file()>
17460 =item B<input_handle()>
17466 =item B<input_streams()>
17472 =item B<top_stream()>
17478 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17484 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
17490 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
17496 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
17504 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
17524 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
17537 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
17539 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
17545 =item OBJECT METHODS
17551 =item B<curr_headings()>
17563 =item B<add_selection()>
17569 =item B<clear_selections()>
17575 =item B<match_section()>
17581 =item B<is_selected()>
17587 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
17593 =item B<podselect()>
17595 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
17601 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17607 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
17613 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
17619 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
17631 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
17639 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
17643 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
17644 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
17645 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
17656 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17660 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
17674 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17678 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
17693 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17697 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
17698 text with format escapes
17712 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17716 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
17725 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
17734 =item Recommended Use
17742 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
17746 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
17753 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17757 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
17761 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17765 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
17771 =item OVER AND ITEMS
17773 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
17776 =item FORMATTING CODES
17778 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
17786 =head2 Pod::t::htmlescp, Escape Sequences Test
17794 =head2 Pod::t::htmlview, Test HTML Rendering
17802 =item METHODS =E<gt> OTHER STUFF
17808 foo, bar, baz, C<Black> Cat, Sat S<I<on> the>, MatE<lt>!E<gt>, 1 Cat, 2
17815 =item TESTING FOR AND BEGIN
17817 =item TESTING URLs hyperlinking
17823 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
17831 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17837 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17841 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17845 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
17853 a new namespace, an operator mask
17859 =item RECENT CHANGES
17861 =item Methods in class Safe
17863 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17864 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17865 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17866 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17868 =item Some Safety Issues
17870 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17878 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
17886 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
17887 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
17897 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
17907 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
17917 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
17927 =item The __DATA__ token
17929 =item SelfLoader autoloading
17931 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
17933 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
17935 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
17937 =item Classes and inherited methods.
17941 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
17945 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
17955 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
17963 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
17964 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
17972 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
17973 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
17974 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
17975 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
17976 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
17980 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
17990 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
17994 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
17996 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
17998 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
18000 =item ERROR REPORTING
18008 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
18013 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
18014 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
18022 =item Storable magic
18032 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
18044 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
18058 =item Allowing fall-through
18060 =item Automating fall-through
18062 =item Alternative syntax
18064 =item Higher-order Operations
18080 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
18090 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
18102 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
18103 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18111 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18112 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18113 in 5.004_02), closelog
18123 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
18124 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18132 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18133 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18134 in 5.004_02), closelog
18144 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
18154 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
18155 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
18156 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
18160 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
18174 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
18190 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
18192 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18194 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18196 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
18204 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18212 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
18220 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
18230 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
18231 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
18239 =item Minimal set of supported functions
18241 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
18242 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
18244 =item Additional supported functions
18246 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
18256 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
18282 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
18286 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18296 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
18316 =item Setting up tests
18332 =item Running tests
18338 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
18340 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
18366 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
18378 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
18382 =item Test Status and Info
18390 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
18414 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
18424 =item The test script output
18426 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
18427 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
18432 =item Configuration variables.
18434 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
18438 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
18465 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
18466 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
18467 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
18468 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
18472 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
18473 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
18474 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
18488 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
18514 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
18524 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
18562 B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
18578 B<_reset_file_state>
18598 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
18608 =item I love it when a plan comes together
18618 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
18658 =item Conditional tests
18664 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
18666 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
18670 =item Comparison functions
18684 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
18694 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18696 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
18709 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
18733 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
18742 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
18750 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
18752 =item Where to start?
18756 =item Test the manual
18758 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
18760 =item Testing lots of values
18762 =item Informative names
18764 =item Skipping tests
18768 =item Testing with taint mode.
18780 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
18792 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
18802 =item General behaviour in list contexts
18806 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
18808 =item A note about prefixes
18810 =item C<extract_delimited>
18812 =item C<extract_bracketed>
18814 =item C<extract_tagged>
18816 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
18817 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
18819 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
18821 =item C<extract_quotelike>
18823 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
18825 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
18827 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
18829 =item C<extract_codeblock>
18831 =item C<extract_multiple>
18833 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
18839 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
18840 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
18841 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
18842 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
18843 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
18844 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
18845 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
18846 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
18847 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
18848 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
18849 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
18850 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
18855 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
18861 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
18876 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
18893 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
18908 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
18924 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
18936 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
18937 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
18938 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
18942 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
18950 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues (for old code only)
18960 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18962 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
18968 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores (for old code only)
18978 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18980 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
18984 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
18996 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
19006 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
19014 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
19015 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
19016 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
19017 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
19025 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
19045 =item Option Format
19049 =item Public Methods
19057 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
19061 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
19063 =item Deferred Writing
19067 =item Autodeferring
19075 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
19089 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
19098 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
19099 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
19100 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
19101 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
19103 =item MORE INFORMATION
19105 =item COMPATIBILITY
19109 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
19118 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
19119 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
19121 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
19123 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
19125 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
19127 =item MORE INFORMATION
19131 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
19139 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
19149 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
19167 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
19176 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
19178 =item MORE INFORMATION
19182 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
19194 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
19203 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
19204 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
19205 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
19206 getitimer ( $which )
19222 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
19230 =item IMPLEMENTATION
19236 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
19251 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
19266 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
19278 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
19286 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
19287 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
19291 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
19301 =item Constructor and Tailoring
19303 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
19304 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
19305 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
19307 =item Methods for Collation
19309 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
19310 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
19311 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
19312 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
19313 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
19314 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
19315 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
19316 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
19317 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
19319 =item Other Methods
19321 UCA_Version, Base_Unicode_Version
19337 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/,
19338 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt,
19339 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19340 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18, L<Unicode::Normalize>
19344 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
19354 =item Normalization Forms
19356 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
19357 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
19358 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
19360 =item Decomposition and Composition
19362 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
19363 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
19364 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
19368 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
19369 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
19370 check($form_name, $string)>
19372 =item Character Data
19374 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
19375 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
19376 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
19377 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
19378 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
19379 C<$is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
19380 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
19390 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19391 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
19395 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
19437 =item Blocks versus Scripts
19439 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
19441 =item Code Point Arguments
19467 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
19473 =item Implementation Note
19485 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
19500 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
19511 =item System Specifics
19525 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
19533 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
19535 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
19536 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
19537 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
19538 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
19539 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
19540 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
19541 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
19542 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
19543 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
19544 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
19545 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
19546 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
19547 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
19548 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
19549 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
19550 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
19551 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
19557 =head2 XS::APItest - Test the perl C API
19571 B<print_double>, B<print_long_double>, B<have_long_double>, B<print_nv>,
19572 B<print_iv>, B<print_uv>, B<print_int>, B<print_long>, B<print_float>
19580 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19584 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
19602 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
19614 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
19616 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
19617 don't all have manual pages yet:
19643 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob