2 # !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!!
3 # This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods.
4 # Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes.
8 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
12 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
13 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
14 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
16 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
18 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
30 =item Reference Manual
32 =item Internals and C Language Interface
36 =item Language-Specific
38 =item Platform-Specific
62 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
72 =item Running Perl programs
74 =item Basic syntax overview
76 =item Perl variable types
78 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
80 =item Variable scoping
82 =item Conditional and looping constructs
84 if, while, for, foreach
86 =item Builtin operators and functions
88 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
93 =item Regular expressions
95 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
96 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
98 =item Writing subroutines
102 =item Using Perl modules
110 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
116 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
124 =item Making References
126 =item Using References
144 =item Distribution Conditions
150 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
156 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
157 more elaborate constructs
161 =item COMMON MISTAKES
163 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
165 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
171 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
175 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
177 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
179 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
183 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
187 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
189 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
191 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
195 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
199 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
201 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
203 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
207 =item HASHES OF HASHES
211 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
213 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
215 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
219 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
223 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
225 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
227 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
239 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
247 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
249 =item Growing Your Own
251 =item Access and Printing
263 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
273 =item Simple word matching
275 =item Using character classes
277 =item Matching this or that
279 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
281 =item Extracting matches
283 =item Matching repetitions
287 =item Search and replace
289 =item The split operator
297 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
301 =item Acknowledgments
307 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
313 =item Part 1: The basics
317 =item Simple word matching
319 =item Using character classes
321 =item Matching this or that
323 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
325 =item Extracting matches
327 =item Matching repetitions
329 =item Building a regexp
331 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
335 =item Part 2: Power tools
339 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
341 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
343 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
345 =item Non-capturing groupings
347 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
349 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
351 =item Conditional expressions
353 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
355 =item Pragmas and debugging
363 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
367 =item Acknowledgments
373 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
381 =item If we could talk to the animals...
383 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
385 =item Invoking a barnyard
387 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
389 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
391 =item Inheriting the windpipes
393 =item A few notes about @ISA
395 =item Overriding the methods
397 =item Starting the search from a different place
399 =item The SUPER way of doing things
401 =item Where we're at so far...
403 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
405 =item Invoking an instance method
407 =item Accessing the instance data
409 =item How to build a horse
411 =item Inheriting the constructor
413 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
415 =item Adding parameters to a method
417 =item More interesting instances
419 =item A horse of a different color
431 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
437 =item Creating a Class
441 =item Object Representation
443 =item Class Interface
445 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
447 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
451 =item Other Object Methods
459 =item Accessing Class Data
461 =item Debugging Methods
463 =item Class Destructors
465 =item Documenting the Interface
475 =item Overridden Methods
477 =item Multiple Inheritance
479 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
483 =item Alternate Object Representations
487 =item Arrays as Objects
489 =item Closures as Objects
493 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
497 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
499 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
503 =item Metaclassical Tools
509 =item Data Members as Variables
517 =item Object Terminology
523 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
529 =item Acknowledgments
535 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
541 =item Class Data in a Can
543 =item Class Data as Package Variables
547 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
549 =item Inheritance Concerns
551 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
553 =item Indirect References to Class Data
555 =item Monadic Classes
557 =item Translucent Attributes
561 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
565 =item Privacy and Responsibility
567 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
569 =item More Inheritance Concerns
571 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
573 =item Translucency Revisited
581 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
583 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
589 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
595 =item OO SCALING TIPS
597 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
599 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
601 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
603 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
605 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
607 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
609 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
611 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
613 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
621 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
629 =head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
641 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
649 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
667 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
669 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
670 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
671 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
672 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
674 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
676 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
677 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
678 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
682 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
684 =item Numerical Traps
686 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
688 =item General data type traps
690 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
691 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
693 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
695 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
697 =item Precedence Traps
699 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
702 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
704 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
705 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
706 Regular Expression, Regular Expression
708 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
710 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
716 =item Interpolation Traps
718 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
719 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
725 =item Unclassified Traps
727 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
734 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
742 =item Looking at data and -w and v
746 =item Stepping through code
748 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
750 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
768 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2003/01/31
777 =item Where to get the perlfaq
779 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
781 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
788 =item Author and Copyright Information
792 =item Bundled Distributions
798 =item Table of Contents
800 perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
801 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
802 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
803 Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
804 Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
810 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
812 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
814 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
816 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
818 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
820 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
822 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
824 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
826 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
832 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.14 $, $Date:
833 2003/11/23 08:02:29 $)
843 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
845 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
847 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
853 =item How stable is Perl?
855 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
857 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
860 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
862 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
864 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
866 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
868 =item What is a JAPH?
870 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
872 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
873 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
877 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
881 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.25 $,
882 $Date: 2003/10/16 04:57:38 $)
890 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
892 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
894 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
896 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
899 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
900 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
902 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
903 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
905 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
907 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
909 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
911 =item Where should I post source code?
915 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
917 =item Perl in Magazines
919 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
921 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
923 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
925 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
927 =item Where do I send bug reports?
929 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
933 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
937 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.37 $, $Date: 2003/11/24
946 =item How do I do (anything)?
948 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
950 =item Is there a Perl shell?
952 =item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
954 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
956 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
958 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
960 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
962 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
964 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
966 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
967 GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
968 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
970 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
972 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
974 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
976 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
978 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
980 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
982 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
984 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
985 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
987 =item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
989 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
991 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
993 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
995 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
997 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
999 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
1001 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
1003 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
1005 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
1007 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
1009 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
1011 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
1012 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
1014 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
1016 =item What's MakeMaker?
1020 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1024 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.54 $, $Date: 2003/11/30
1035 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
1036 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
1038 =item Why is int() broken?
1040 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
1042 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
1045 =item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?
1047 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
1048 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
1049 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
1050 from decimal to binary
1052 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
1054 =item How do I multiply matrices?
1056 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
1058 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
1060 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
1062 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
1070 =item How do I find the day or week of the year?
1072 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
1074 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
1076 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
1078 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
1080 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
1082 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
1090 =item How do I validate input?
1092 =item How do I unescape a string?
1094 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
1096 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
1098 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
1100 =item How do I reverse a string?
1102 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
1104 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
1106 =item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
1108 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
1110 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
1113 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
1115 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
1118 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
1120 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
1122 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
1124 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
1126 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
1128 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
1130 =item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
1132 There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
1133 be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
1142 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
1144 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
1146 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
1150 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
1153 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
1154 intersection of two arrays?
1156 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
1158 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
1160 =item How do I handle linked lists?
1162 =item How do I handle circular lists?
1164 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
1166 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
1168 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
1170 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
1172 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
1174 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
1176 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
1180 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
1184 =item How do I process an entire hash?
1186 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
1189 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
1191 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
1193 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
1195 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
1197 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
1199 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
1201 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
1203 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
1205 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
1207 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
1209 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
1212 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
1213 array of hashes or arrays?
1215 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
1223 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
1225 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
1227 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
1229 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
1231 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
1233 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
1235 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
1239 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1243 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.30 $, $Date: 2003/11/23
1252 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
1254 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
1255 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
1257 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
1259 =item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
1261 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
1263 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
1265 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
1266 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
1268 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
1270 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
1272 =item How can I write() into a string?
1274 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
1276 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
1278 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
1280 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
1283 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
1285 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
1287 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
1289 =item How can I lock a file?
1291 =item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
1293 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
1294 the file. How can I do this?
1296 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
1297 file. Do I still have to use locking?
1299 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
1301 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
1303 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
1305 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
1307 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
1309 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
1311 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
1313 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
1315 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
1317 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
1319 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
1321 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
1322 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
1324 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
1326 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
1327 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
1329 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
1331 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
1335 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1339 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.20 $, $Date: 2003/01/03
1348 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
1349 and unmaintainable code?
1351 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
1353 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
1355 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
1358 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
1360 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
1363 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
1365 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
1367 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
1369 =item What is C</o> really for?
1371 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
1374 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
1376 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
1378 =item How do I process each word on each line?
1380 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
1382 =item How can I do approximate matching?
1384 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
1386 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
1388 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
1390 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
1392 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
1394 =item What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
1396 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
1398 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
1402 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1406 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date:
1407 2003/07/24 02:17:21 $)
1415 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
1417 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
1420 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
1423 =item How do I skip some return values?
1425 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
1427 =item What's an extension?
1429 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
1431 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
1433 =item How do I create a module?
1435 =item How do I create a class?
1437 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
1439 =item What's a closure?
1441 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
1443 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
1446 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
1449 =item How do I create a static variable?
1451 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
1452 Between local() and my()?
1454 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
1457 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
1459 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
1461 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
1463 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
1465 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
1467 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
1470 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
1472 =item How can I find out my current package?
1474 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
1476 =item How do I clear a package?
1478 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
1480 =item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
1484 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1488 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.17 $, $Date: 2003/01/26
1497 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
1499 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
1501 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
1503 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
1505 =item How do I print something out in color?
1507 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
1509 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
1511 =item How do I clear the screen?
1513 =item How do I get the screen size?
1515 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
1517 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
1519 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
1521 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
1523 =item How do I start a process in the background?
1525 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
1527 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
1529 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
1531 =item How do I set the time and date?
1533 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
1535 =item How can I measure time under a second?
1537 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
1539 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
1540 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
1542 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
1544 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
1546 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
1548 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
1550 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
1552 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
1554 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
1556 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
1558 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
1560 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
1563 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
1565 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
1567 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
1569 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
1572 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
1573 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
1574 changes to be visible?
1578 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
1581 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
1583 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
1585 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
1587 =item How do I set CPU limits?
1589 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
1591 =item How do I use an SQL database?
1593 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
1595 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
1597 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
1599 =item What's the difference between require and use?
1601 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
1603 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
1606 =item How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?
1608 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
1612 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1616 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.15 $, $Date: 2003/01/31 17:36:57
1625 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
1627 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
1630 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
1632 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
1634 =item How do I extract URLs?
1636 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
1637 file on another machine?
1639 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
1641 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
1643 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
1645 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
1647 =item How do I redirect to another page?
1649 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
1651 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
1653 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
1654 CGI script to do bad things?
1656 =item How do I parse a mail header?
1658 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
1660 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
1662 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
1664 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
1666 =item How do I send mail?
1668 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
1670 =item How do I read mail?
1672 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
1674 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
1676 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
1678 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
1682 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1686 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
1698 =item Simple Statements
1700 =item Truth and Falsehood
1702 =item Statement Modifiers
1704 =item Compound Statements
1712 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
1716 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
1718 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
1724 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
1732 =item Variable names
1738 =item Scalar value constructors
1740 =item List value constructors
1746 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
1754 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
1762 =item Operator Precedence and Associativity
1764 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
1766 =item The Arrow Operator
1768 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
1770 =item Exponentiation
1772 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
1774 =item Binding Operators
1776 =item Multiplicative Operators
1778 =item Additive Operators
1780 =item Shift Operators
1782 =item Named Unary Operators
1784 =item Relational Operators
1786 =item Equality Operators
1790 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
1792 =item C-style Logical And
1794 =item C-style Logical Or
1796 =item C-style Logical Defined-Or
1798 =item Range Operators
1800 =item Conditional Operator
1802 =item Assignment Operators
1804 =item Comma Operator
1806 =item List Operators (Rightward)
1812 =item Logical or, Defined or, and Exclusive Or
1814 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
1816 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
1818 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
1820 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
1822 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
1823 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
1824 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
1825 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
1827 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
1829 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
1830 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
1831 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
1832 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
1837 =item Constant Folding
1839 =item Bitwise String Operators
1841 =item Integer Arithmetic
1843 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
1845 =item Bigger Numbers
1851 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
1861 =item Private Variables via my()
1863 =item Persistent Private Variables
1865 =item Temporary Values via local()
1867 =item Lvalue subroutines
1869 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
1871 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
1873 =item When to Still Use local()
1875 =item Pass by Reference
1879 =item Constant Functions
1881 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
1885 =item Subroutine Attributes
1893 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
1901 =item Perl Functions by Category
1903 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
1904 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
1905 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
1906 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
1907 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
1908 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
1909 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
1910 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
1911 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
1912 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
1917 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1919 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
1920 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
1921 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
1922 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
1923 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
1924 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
1925 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
1926 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
1927 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
1928 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
1929 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
1930 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
1931 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
1932 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
1933 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
1934 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
1935 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
1936 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
1937 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
1938 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
1939 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
1940 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
1941 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
1942 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
1943 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
1944 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
1945 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
1946 lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
1947 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
1948 KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
1949 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
1950 Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
1951 EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
1952 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
1953 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
1954 ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
1955 package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
1956 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
1957 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
1958 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
1959 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
1960 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
1961 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
1962 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
1963 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
1964 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
1965 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
1966 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
1967 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
1968 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
1969 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
1970 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
1971 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
1972 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
1973 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
1974 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
1975 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
1976 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format
1977 parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum
1978 width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat
1979 FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME
1980 (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK,
1981 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
1982 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall NUMBER, LIST, sysopen
1983 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
1984 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
1985 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
1986 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
1987 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
1988 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
1989 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
1990 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
1991 TEMPLATE,EXPR, unpack TEMPLATE, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use
1992 Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use
1993 VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid
1994 PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
2000 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
2006 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
2012 =item Indirect Filehandles
2016 =item The Minus File
2018 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
2024 =item Open E<agrave> la C
2028 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
2032 =item Obscure Open Tricks
2036 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
2038 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
2040 =item Paths as Opens
2042 =item Single Argument Open
2044 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
2048 =item Other I/O Issues
2052 =item Opening Non-File Files
2054 =item Opening Named Pipes
2056 =item Opening Sockets
2068 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
2074 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
2080 =item The Basic Principle
2084 =item Packing Numbers
2090 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
2092 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
2094 =item Floating point Numbers
2098 =item Exotic Templates
2110 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
2114 =item Template Grouping
2116 =item Lengths and Widths
2120 =item String Lengths
2122 =item Dynamic Templates
2124 =item Counting Repetitions
2128 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
2132 =item The Alignment Pit
2134 =item Alignment, Take 2
2136 =item Alignment, Take 3
2138 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
2144 =item Funnies Section
2150 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
2158 =item Ordinary Paragraph
2160 =item Verbatim Paragraph
2162 =item Command Paragraph
2164 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
2165 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
2166 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
2167 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>, C<=encoding
2170 =item Formatting Codes
2172 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2173 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2174 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
2175 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
2176 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
2177 (zero-effect) formatting code
2181 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
2183 =item Hints for Writing Pod
2193 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
2200 =item Pod Definitions
2204 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
2205 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...",
2206 "=encoding encodingname"
2208 =item Pod Formatting Codes
2210 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
2211 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
2212 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
2213 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
2214 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
2215 contains non-breaking spaces
2217 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
2219 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
2221 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
2223 =item About =over...=back Regions
2225 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
2233 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
2243 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
2245 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
2247 =item Location of Perl
2249 =item Command Switches
2251 B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>], B<-A [I<assertions>]>, B<-a>, B<-C
2252 [I<number/list>]>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters>,
2253 B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>,
2254 B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
2255 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
2256 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
2257 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
2258 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
2264 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
2265 :perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
2266 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
2267 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_DL_NONLAZY, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_HASH_SEED,
2268 PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERL_SIGNALS,
2269 PERL_UNICODE, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
2273 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
2281 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
2289 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
2291 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
2293 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
2297 =item Backward Compatibility
2299 =item Category Hierarchy
2301 =item Fatal Warnings
2303 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
2315 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
2321 =item The Perl Debugger
2325 =item Debugger Commands
2327 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
2328 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
2329 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
2330 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
2331 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
2332 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
2333 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
2334 command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [
2335 command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source
2336 file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man
2339 =item Configurable Options
2341 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
2342 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
2343 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
2344 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
2345 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
2346 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
2349 =item Debugger input/output
2351 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
2354 =item Debugging compile-time statements
2356 =item Debugger Customization
2358 =item Readline Support
2360 =item Editor Support for Debugging
2362 =item The Perl Profiler
2366 =item Debugging regular expressions
2368 =item Debugging memory usage
2376 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
2384 =item Predefined Names
2386 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
2387 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+,
2388 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
2389 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
2390 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
2391 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
2392 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
2393 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#,
2394 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
2395 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
2396 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
2397 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
2398 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
2399 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
2400 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
2401 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
2402 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
2403 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
2404 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
2405 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
2406 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
2407 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
2408 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
2409 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
2410 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
2411 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
2412 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
2413 $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE},
2414 $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X,
2415 ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
2418 =item Error Indicators
2420 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
2428 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
2438 =item Regular Expressions
2440 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
2442 =item Extended Patterns
2444 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
2445 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
2446 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
2447 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
2451 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
2453 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
2455 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
2457 =item Combining pieces together
2459 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
2460 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
2461 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
2462 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
2464 =item Creating custom RE engines
2474 =head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
2486 =item ESCAPE SEQUENCES
2488 =item CHARACTER CLASSES
2494 =item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
2512 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
2522 =item Making References
2524 =item Using References
2526 =item Symbolic references
2528 =item Not-so-symbolic references
2530 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
2532 =item Function Templates
2542 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
2550 =item Format Variables
2560 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
2568 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
2576 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
2578 =item A Class is Simply a Package
2580 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
2582 =item Method Invocation
2584 =item Indirect Object Syntax
2586 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
2588 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
2594 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
2602 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
2614 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
2619 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
2620 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
2621 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
2622 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
2627 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
2628 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
2629 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, SCALAR this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
2631 =item Tying FileHandles
2633 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
2634 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
2639 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
2651 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
2659 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
2660 B<filter_fetch_value>
2666 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
2668 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
2678 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
2679 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
2689 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
2697 =item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)
2699 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
2700 "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
2704 =item Using open() for IPC
2710 =item Background Processes
2712 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
2714 =item Safe Pipe Opens
2716 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
2718 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
2722 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
2726 =item Internet Line Terminators
2728 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
2730 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
2734 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
2738 =item A Simple Client
2740 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
2742 =item A Webget Client
2744 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
2748 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
2750 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
2752 =item UDP: Message Passing
2766 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
2776 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
2778 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
2779 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
2780 files, directories and network sockets
2782 =item Resource limits
2784 =item Killing the parent process
2786 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
2788 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
2790 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
2791 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
2792 application, Thread-safety of extensions
2804 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
2812 =item Storing numbers
2814 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
2816 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
2818 Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
2819 mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
2820 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
2829 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
2837 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2839 =item Threaded Program Models
2851 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
2853 =item Thread-Safe Modules
2859 =item Basic Thread Support
2861 =item A Note about the Examples
2863 =item Creating Threads
2865 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2867 =item Ignoring A Thread
2871 =item Threads And Data
2875 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2877 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
2881 =item Synchronization and control
2885 =item Controlling access: lock()
2887 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2889 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2891 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2893 =item Basic semaphores
2895 =item Advanced Semaphores
2897 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
2899 =item Giving up control
2903 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2907 =item What Thread Am I In?
2911 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2913 =item What Threads Are Running?
2917 =item A Complete Example
2919 =item Different implementations of threads
2921 =item Performance considerations
2923 =item Process-scope Changes
2925 =item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
2933 =item Introductory Texts
2935 =item OS-Related References
2937 =item Other References
2941 =item Acknowledgements
2949 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
2955 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
2957 =item Threaded Program Models
2969 =item Native threads
2971 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2973 =item Threadsafe Modules
2979 =item Basic Thread Support
2981 =item Creating Threads
2983 =item Giving up control
2985 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2987 =item Errors In Threads
2989 =item Ignoring A Thread
2993 =item Threads And Data
2997 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2999 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
3001 =item Controlling access: lock()
3003 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
3005 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
3009 =item Threads And Code
3013 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
3015 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
3017 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
3019 =item Subroutine Locks
3023 =item Locking A Subroutine
3027 =item General Thread Utility Routines
3031 =item What Thread Am I In?
3035 =item Are These Threads The Same?
3037 =item What Threads Are Running?
3041 =item A Complete Example
3049 =item Introductory Texts
3051 =item OS-Related References
3053 =item Other References
3057 =item Acknowledgements
3065 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
3071 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
3080 =item Numbers endianness and Width
3082 =item Files and Filesystems
3084 =item System Interaction
3086 =item Command names versus file pathnames
3090 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
3092 =item External Subroutines (XS)
3094 =item Standard Modules
3098 =item Character sets and character encoding
3100 =item Internationalisation
3102 =item System Resources
3112 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
3113 http://testers.cpan.org/
3121 =item DOS and Derivatives
3129 =item EBCDIC Platforms
3137 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
3141 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
3143 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown
3144 LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen
3145 HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl
3146 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin,
3147 getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME,
3148 getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE,
3149 getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent,
3150 gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent
3151 STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN,
3152 endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent,
3153 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl
3154 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat
3155 FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd
3156 ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open
3157 FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select
3158 RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
3159 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
3160 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
3161 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
3162 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
3163 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
3164 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
3165 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
3166 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
3167 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
3173 v1.49, 12 August 2002, v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000,
3174 v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999,
3175 v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April
3176 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December
3177 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August
3178 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
3180 =item Supported Platforms
3184 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
3188 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
3195 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
3201 =item The use locale pragma
3203 =item The setlocale function
3205 =item Finding locales
3207 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
3209 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
3211 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
3213 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
3215 =item Fixing system locale configuration
3217 =item The localeconv function
3219 =item I18N::Langinfo
3223 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
3227 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
3229 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
3231 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
3233 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
3237 =item Other categories
3245 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
3246 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
3252 =item Backward compatibility
3254 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
3256 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
3258 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
3260 =item Freely available locale definitions
3264 =item An imperfect standard
3268 =item Unicode and UTF-8
3274 =item Broken systems
3284 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
3294 =item Perl's Unicode Support
3296 =item Perl's Unicode Model
3298 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
3300 =item Creating Unicode
3302 =item Handling Unicode
3304 =item Legacy Encodings
3308 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
3312 =item Advanced Topics
3316 =item Questions With Answers
3318 =item Hexadecimal Notation
3320 =item Further Resources
3324 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
3328 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
3330 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
3334 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
3342 =item Important Caveats
3344 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
3345 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, C<use encoding> needed to upgrade
3346 non-Latin-1 byte strings
3348 =item Byte and Character Semantics
3350 =item Effects of Character Semantics
3356 =item User-Defined Character Properties
3358 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
3360 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
3362 =item Unicode Encodings
3364 =item Security Implications of Unicode
3366 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
3370 =item When Unicode Does Not Happen
3372 =item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
3374 =item Using Unicode in XS
3382 =item Interaction with Locales
3384 =item Interaction with Extensions
3388 =item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
3396 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
3402 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
3410 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
3414 =item 13 variant characters
3422 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
3424 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
3426 =item Unicode and UTF
3432 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
3434 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
3436 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
3450 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
3452 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
3454 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
3456 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
3464 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
3466 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
3468 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
3470 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
3474 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
3478 =item URL decoding and encoding
3480 =item uu encoding and decoding
3482 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
3484 =item Caesarian ciphers
3488 =item Hashing order and checksums
3492 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
3504 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
3524 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
3532 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
3534 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
3536 =item Taint mode and @INC
3538 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
3542 =item Protecting Your Programs
3546 =item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
3554 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
3566 =item BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END
3572 =item Making your module threadsafe
3580 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
3584 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
3588 =item Pragmatic Modules
3590 assertions, assertions::activate, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint,
3591 bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding,
3592 fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re,
3593 sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version,
3594 vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
3596 =item Standard Modules
3598 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
3599 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
3600 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
3601 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
3602 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
3603 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
3604 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf,
3605 Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5,
3606 Digest::base, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias,
3607 Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ,
3608 Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding,
3609 Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR,
3610 Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO,
3611 Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode,
3612 Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
3613 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant,
3614 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
3615 ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
3616 ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2,
3617 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
3618 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
3619 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial,
3620 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish,
3621 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
3622 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
3623 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
3624 File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc,
3625 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
3626 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
3627 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File,
3628 Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
3629 I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle,
3630 IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
3631 IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg,
3632 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country,
3633 Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
3634 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64,
3635 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
3636 Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize,
3637 Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile,
3638 Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File,
3639 Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain,
3640 Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP,
3641 Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent,
3642 Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, PerlIO::encoding,
3643 PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker,
3644 Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX,
3645 Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
3646 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
3647 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
3648 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
3649 Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
3650 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util,
3651 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
3652 Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
3653 Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness,
3654 Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps,
3655 Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced,
3656 Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread,
3657 Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific,
3658 Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash,
3659 Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
3660 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize,
3661 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap,
3664 =item Extension Modules
3678 China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
3679 Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
3681 =item Central America
3687 Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
3688 Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
3689 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
3690 Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
3691 Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
3695 Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
3696 Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
3697 Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York,
3698 North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,
3699 Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
3703 Australia, New Zealand, United States
3707 Argentina, Brazil, Chile
3713 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
3717 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
3719 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
3721 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
3729 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
3735 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
3739 =item Before you start
3747 =item Release considerations
3751 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
3755 =item Has it been done before?
3757 =item Do one thing and do it well
3759 =item What's in a name?
3763 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
3767 =item To OO or not to OO?
3769 =item Designing your API
3771 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
3772 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
3775 =item Strictness and warnings
3777 =item Backwards compatibility
3779 =item Error handling and messages
3783 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
3789 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
3791 perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
3792 perl Build test, perl Build install
3796 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
3800 =item Version numbering
3802 =item Pre-requisites
3812 =item COMMON PITFALLS
3816 =item Reinventing the wheel
3818 =item Trying to do too much
3820 =item Inappropriate documentation
3826 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
3827 Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
3834 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
3844 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
3845 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
3859 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
3869 =item What should I make into a module?
3871 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
3873 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
3875 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
3877 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
3878 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
3879 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
3881 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
3883 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
3884 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
3894 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3904 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3905 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3906 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3907 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3911 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3913 =item Administration
3915 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3919 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3920 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3928 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3938 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3942 =item Using The Back Ends
3946 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3950 =item The Decompiling Back End
3952 =item The Lint Back End
3954 =item The Simple C Back End
3956 =item The Bytecode Back End
3958 =item The Optimized C Back End
3962 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3964 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3965 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3966 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3968 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3974 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3984 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3986 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3988 B<Decryption Filters>
3990 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3992 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3994 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3998 =item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
4000 Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle
4010 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
4020 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
4021 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
4025 =item Compiling your C program
4027 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
4029 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
4031 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
4033 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
4035 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
4037 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
4039 =item Execution of END blocks
4041 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
4043 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
4048 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
4060 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
4066 =item Debugger Internals
4070 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
4074 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
4076 =item Debugging regular expressions
4080 =item Compile-time output
4082 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
4083 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
4084 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
4087 =item Types of nodes
4089 =item Run-time output
4093 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
4097 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
4099 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
4100 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
4103 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
4105 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
4107 =item B<-DL> details
4111 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
4119 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
4131 =item Version caveat
4133 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
4145 =item What has gone on?
4147 =item Writing good test scripts
4151 =item What's new here?
4153 =item Input and Output Parameters
4155 =item The XSUBPP Program
4157 =item The TYPEMAP file
4159 =item Warning about Output Arguments
4163 =item What has happened here?
4165 =item Anatomy of .xs file
4167 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
4169 =item More about XSUB arguments
4171 =item The Argument Stack
4173 =item Extending your Extension
4175 =item Documenting your Extension
4177 =item Installing your Extension
4181 =item New Things in this Example
4185 =item New Things in this Example
4187 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
4189 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
4191 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
4193 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
4209 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
4221 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
4223 =item The Argument Stack
4225 =item The RETVAL Variable
4227 =item The MODULE Keyword
4229 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
4231 =item The PREFIX Keyword
4233 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
4235 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
4237 =item The CODE: Keyword
4239 =item The INIT: Keyword
4241 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
4243 =item Initializing Function Parameters
4245 =item Default Parameter Values
4247 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
4249 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
4251 =item The INPUT: Keyword
4253 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
4255 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4257 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4259 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4261 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4263 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4265 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4267 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4269 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4271 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4273 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4275 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4277 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4279 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4281 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4283 =item The FALLBACK: Keyword
4285 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4287 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4289 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4291 =item The CASE: Keyword
4293 =item The & Unary Operator
4295 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4297 =item Using XS With C++
4299 =item Interface Strategy
4301 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4305 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4307 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4319 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4329 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4331 =item File Operations
4333 =item File Input and Output
4335 =item File Positioning
4337 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4339 =item Character Class Tests
4341 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4343 =item Miscellaneous functions
4351 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4363 =item What is an "IV"?
4365 =item Working with SVs
4369 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4371 =item Working with AVs
4373 =item Working with HVs
4375 =item Hash API Extensions
4377 =item AVs, HVs and undefined values
4381 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4383 =item Creating New Variables
4385 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4387 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4389 =item Stashes and Globs
4391 =item Double-Typed SVs
4393 =item Magic Variables
4395 =item Assigning Magic
4397 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4401 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4403 =item Localizing changes
4405 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4406 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4407 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4408 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4409 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4410 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4411 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4412 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4413 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4414 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4422 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4424 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4426 =item Memory Allocation
4430 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4434 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4444 =item Examining the tree
4446 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4448 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4450 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4452 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4454 =item Pluggable runops
4458 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4460 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4464 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4466 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4468 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4470 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4472 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4476 =item Internal Functions
4478 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b
4482 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4484 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4486 =item Source Documentation
4490 =item Unicode Support
4494 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4496 =item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?
4498 =item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?
4500 =item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?
4502 =item How do I convert a string to UTF-8?
4504 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4508 =item Custom Operators
4516 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4522 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4524 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4526 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4546 =item Determining the Context
4550 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4556 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4558 =item Passing Parameters
4560 =item Returning a Scalar
4562 =item Returning a list of values
4564 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4566 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4570 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4574 =item Using call_argv
4576 =item Using call_method
4580 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4582 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4584 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4585 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4588 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4590 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4602 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4608 =item "Gimme" Values
4610 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4612 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4614 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4615 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4616 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4618 =item Callback Functions
4620 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4621 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4623 =item Character classes
4625 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4627 =item Cloning an interpreter
4631 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4633 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4635 =item Embedding Functions
4637 cv_undef, load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct,
4638 perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4640 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4642 packlist, pack_cat, unpackstring, unpack_str
4644 =item Global Variables
4646 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4650 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4651 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4655 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4657 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4659 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4660 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_assert, hv_clear, hv_clear_placeholders, hv_delete,
4661 hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
4662 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
4663 hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_scalar, hv_store, hv_store_ent,
4664 hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4666 =item Magical Functions
4668 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4669 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4670 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4672 =item Memory Management
4674 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4675 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4677 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4679 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, new_version, scan_version, strEQ,
4680 strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, sv_nolocking,
4681 sv_nosharing, sv_nounlocking, upg_version, vcmp, vnumify, vstringify
4683 =item Numeric functions
4685 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4688 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4690 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4692 =item Pad Data Structures
4696 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4698 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4699 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4700 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4701 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4702 XSRETURN_UV, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF,
4707 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4709 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4711 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4712 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4713 SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off,
4714 SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIsCOW,
4715 SvIsCOW_shared_hash, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp,
4716 SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX,
4717 SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only,
4718 SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force,
4719 SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force,
4720 SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg,
4721 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
4722 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on,
4723 SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on,
4724 SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, SvVOK, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal,
4725 sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen,
4726 sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
4727 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg,
4728 sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear,
4729 sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from,
4730 sv_eq, sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow,
4731 sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8,
4732 sv_magic, sv_magicext, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
4733 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
4734 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
4735 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used, sv_reset,
4736 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
4737 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
4738 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
4739 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
4740 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref,
4741 sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
4742 sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
4743 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4745 =item Unicode Support
4747 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4748 is_utf8_string_loc, pv_uni_display, sv_cat_decode, sv_recode_to_utf8,
4749 sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case, to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title,
4750 to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
4751 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
4754 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4756 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4757 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4759 =item Warning and Dieing
4769 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4776 =item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
4780 =item Functions in file pad.h
4782 CX_CURPAD_SAVE, CX_CURPAD_SV, PAD_BASE_SV, PAD_CLONE_VARS,
4783 PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH,
4784 PAD_COMPNAME_PV, PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE, PAD_DUP, PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL,
4785 PAD_SAVE_LOCAL, PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD, PAD_SETSV, PAD_SET_CUR,
4786 PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE, PAD_SV, PAD_SVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV
4788 =item Functions in file pp_ctl.c
4792 =item Global Variables
4794 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4805 =item Pad Data Structures
4807 CvPADLIST, cv_clone, cv_dump, do_dump_pad, intro_my, pad_add_anon,
4808 pad_add_name, pad_alloc, pad_block_start, pad_check_dup, pad_findlex,
4809 pad_findmy, pad_fixup_inner_anons, pad_free, pad_leavemy, pad_new,
4810 pad_push, pad_reset, pad_setsv, pad_swipe, pad_tidy, pad_undef
4812 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4816 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4818 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4826 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4836 =item History and Background
4838 =item Basic Structure
4840 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4842 =item Data Structures
4844 =item Functions and Attributes
4846 =item Per-instance Data
4848 =item Layers in action.
4850 =item Per-instance flag bits
4852 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4853 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4854 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4855 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4857 =item Methods in Detail
4859 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4860 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4861 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4862 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4867 =item Implementing PerlIO Layers
4869 C implementations, Perl implementations
4873 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4875 =item Extension Layers
4877 ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
4885 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4893 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4894 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4895 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4896 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4897 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4898 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4899 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4900 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4901 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4902 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4903 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4907 =item Co-existence with stdio
4909 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4910 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4912 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4914 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4915 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4916 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4917 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4919 =item Other Functions
4921 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4922 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4928 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4934 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4935 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4936 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4937 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4938 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
4939 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
4940 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
4944 =item Keeping in sync
4946 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4947 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
4949 =item Why rsync the source tree
4951 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
4953 =item Why rsync the patches
4955 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
4956 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4958 =item Perlbug administration
4960 =item Submitting patches
4962 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4963 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4965 =item Finding Your Way Around
4967 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4969 =item Elements of the interpreter
4971 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4973 =item Internal Variable Types
4979 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4981 =item Millions of Macros
4983 =item The .i Targets
4985 =item Poking at Perl
4987 =item Using a source-level debugger
4989 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4990 finish, 'enter', print
4992 =item gdb macro support
4994 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4998 =item Patching a core module
5000 =item Adding a new function to the core
5002 =item Writing a test
5004 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5005 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base t/comp,
5006 t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5008 =item Special Make Test Targets
5010 coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind
5011 check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third
5012 utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8
5013 check.utf8, test_harness
5015 =item Running tests by hand
5017 PERL_CORE=1, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
5021 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5025 =item Rational Software's Purify
5027 =item Purify on Unix
5029 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5033 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5037 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5039 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5043 =item Gprof Profiling
5045 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5047 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5049 =item Pixie Profiling
5051 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5054 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5058 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5066 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
5074 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
5080 =item To do during 5.6.x
5084 =item Support for I/O disciplines
5086 =item Autoload bytes.pm
5088 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
5090 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
5092 =item Overloadable regex assertions
5096 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
5098 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
5100 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
5102 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
5104 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
5106 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
5108 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
5110 =item Complete signal handling
5112 =item Out-of-source builds
5114 =item POSIX realtime support
5116 =item UNIX98 support
5120 =item Long double conversion
5124 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
5126 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
5128 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
5130 =item Security audit shipped utilities
5132 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
5134 =item Custom opcodes
5136 =item DLL Versioning
5138 =item Introduce @( and @)
5140 =item Floating point handling
5142 =item IV/UV preservation
5144 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
5146 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
5148 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
5150 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
5152 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
5154 =item Document Win32 choices
5156 =item Check new modules
5158 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
5162 =item To do at some point
5166 =item Remove regular expression recursion
5168 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
5170 =item bitfields in pack
5172 =item Cross compilation
5174 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
5176 =item Perl lexer in Perl
5178 =item Using POSIX calls internally
5180 =item -i rename file when changed
5182 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
5184 =item Support for rerunning debugger
5186 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
5188 =item my sub foo { }
5190 =item One-pass global destruction
5192 =item Rewrite regexp parser
5194 =item Cache recently used regexps
5196 =item Cross-compilation support
5198 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
5200 =item debugger pragma
5202 =item use less pragma
5204 =item switch structures
5206 =item Cache eval tree
5210 =item Shrink opcode tables
5212 =item Optimize away @_
5214 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
5218 =item Prototype method calls
5220 =item Return context prototype declarations
5224 =item Garbage collection
5228 =item Rewrite perldoc
5230 =item Install .3p manpages
5232 =item Unicode tutorial
5234 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
5236 =item Retargetable installation
5238 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
5240 =item Rename Win32 headers
5242 =item Finish off lvalue functions
5244 =item Update sprintf documentation
5246 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
5248 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
5250 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
5252 =item Should overload be inheritable?
5256 =item Perform correctly when XSUBs call subroutines that exit via
5257 goto(LABEL) and friends
5265 =item ref() in list context
5267 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
5269 =item Compile to real threaded code
5271 =item Structured types
5273 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
5275 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
5279 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
5283 =item foreach(reverse ...)
5285 =item Constant function cache
5287 =item Approximate regular expression matching
5295 =item Update guts documentation
5297 =item Add more tests
5299 =item Update auxiliary tools
5301 =item Create debugging macros
5303 =item truncate to the people
5305 =item Unicode in Filenames
5309 =item Unicode in %ENV
5311 =item Recently done things
5315 =item Alternative RE syntax module
5317 =item Safe signal handling
5323 =item setitimer and getimiter
5325 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
5327 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
5329 =item Explicit switch statements
5337 =item perlcc to produce executable
5339 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
5341 =item Secure temporary file module
5343 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
5345 =item Turn Cwd into XS
5347 =item Mmap for input
5349 =item Byte to/from UTF-8 and UTF-8 to/from local conversion
5351 =item Add sockatmark support
5353 =item Mailing list archives
5357 =item Integrate MacPerl
5359 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5361 =item Regular expression tutorial
5363 =item Debugging Tutorial
5365 =item Integrate new modules
5367 =item Integrate profiler
5369 =item Y2K error detection
5371 =item Regular expression debugger
5375 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5377 =item Cache precompiled modules
5381 =item Deprecated Wishes
5385 =item Loop control on do{}
5387 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5393 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5395 =item Named prototypes
5397 =item Built-in globbing
5399 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5401 =item Cached hash values
5403 =item Add compression modules
5405 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5407 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5409 =item Make XS easier to use
5411 =item Make embedding easier to use
5415 =item my $Package::variable
5417 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5419 =item "class"-based lexicals
5423 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5425 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5427 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5429 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5435 =head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
5445 B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I<module>, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f>
5446 I<perlfunc>, B<-q> I<perlfaq-search-regexp>, B<-T>, B<-d>
5447 I<destination-filename>, B<-o> I<output-formatname>, B<-M> I<module-name>,
5448 B<-w> I<option:value> or B<-w> I<option>, B<-X>,
5449 B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>, B<-n> I<some-formatter>, B<-r>, B<-i>,
5460 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5468 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5480 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5482 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5486 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5490 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.9.0
5496 =item Incompatible Changes
5500 =item Hash Randomisation
5502 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
5504 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
5506 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
5508 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
5510 =item The C<$*> variable has been removed
5514 =item Core Enhancements
5520 =item Defined-or operators
5522 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
5524 =item Unsafe signals again available
5526 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5528 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5532 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
5534 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5538 =item Modules and Pragmata
5542 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5544 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
5545 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
5546 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
5547 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
5548 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
5549 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
5550 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
5555 =item Utility Changes
5557 =item New Documentation
5559 =item Performance Enhancements
5561 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5565 =item Platform-specific enhancements
5569 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5573 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
5577 =item Platform-specific fixes
5581 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5585 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
5587 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
5589 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
5591 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
5593 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
5595 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
5597 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
5599 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
5601 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
5603 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
5605 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
5609 =item Changed Internals
5613 =item Known Problems
5617 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
5623 =item Platform Specific Problems
5627 =item EBCDIC Platforms
5629 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
5631 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
5633 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
5635 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
5637 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
5639 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
5645 =item Reporting Bugs
5651 =head2 perl583delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.3
5657 =item Incompatible Changes
5659 =item Core Enhancements
5661 =item Modules and Pragmata
5663 CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin, List::Util,
5664 Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Unicode::Collate,
5665 Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared
5667 =item Utility Changes
5669 =item New Documentation
5671 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5673 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5675 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5677 =item Changed Internals
5679 =item Configuration and Building
5681 =item Platform Specific Problems
5683 =item Known Problems
5685 =item Future Directions
5689 =item Reporting Bugs
5695 =head2 perl582delta - what is new for perl v5.8.2
5701 =item Incompatible Changes
5703 =item Core Enhancements
5707 =item Hash Randomisation
5713 =item Modules and Pragmata
5717 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5719 Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N::LangTags, libnet, MIME::Base64,
5720 Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes, Unicode::Collate,
5721 Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL
5725 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5727 =item Changed Internals
5729 =item Platform Specific Problems
5731 =item Future Directions
5733 =item Reporting Bugs
5739 =head2 perl581delta - what is new for perl v5.8.1
5745 =item Incompatible Changes
5749 =item Hash Randomisation
5751 =item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
5753 =item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
5755 =item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
5757 =item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
5761 =item Core Enhancements
5765 =item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
5767 =item Unsafe signals again available
5769 =item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
5773 =item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
5775 =item Deprecation Warnings
5777 =item Miscellaneous Enhancements
5781 =item Modules and Pragmata
5785 =item Updated Modules And Pragmata
5787 base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
5788 CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
5789 Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
5790 PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
5791 Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
5792 Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
5793 Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
5798 =item Utility Changes
5800 =item New Documentation
5802 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5806 =item Platform-specific enhancements
5810 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5814 =item Closures, eval and lexicals
5818 =item Platform-specific fixes
5822 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5826 =item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
5828 =item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
5830 =item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
5832 =item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
5834 =item New "Missing control char name in \c"
5836 =item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
5838 =item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
5840 =item New "Pseudo-hashes are deprecated"
5842 =item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
5844 =item New "5.005 threads are deprecated"
5846 =item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
5848 =item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
5850 =item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
5854 =item Changed Internals
5858 =item Known Problems
5862 =item Tied hashes in scalar context
5864 =item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
5870 =item Platform Specific Problems
5874 =item EBCDIC Platforms
5876 =item Cygwin 1.5 problems
5878 =item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
5880 =item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
5882 =item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
5884 =item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
5886 =item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
5890 =item Future Directions
5892 =item Reporting Bugs
5898 =head2 perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5904 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5906 =item Incompatible Changes
5910 =item Binary Incompatibility
5912 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5914 =item AIX Dynaloading
5916 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
5918 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5920 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5922 =item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
5924 =item New Unicode Properties
5926 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5928 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5930 =item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
5936 =item Core Enhancements
5940 =item Unicode Overhaul
5942 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5946 =item Restricted Hashes
5950 =item Understanding of Numbers
5952 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
5954 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5958 =item Modules and Pragmata
5962 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5964 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5968 =item Utility Changes
5970 =item New Documentation
5972 =item Performance Enhancements
5974 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5978 =item Generic Improvements
5980 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5984 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5988 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5992 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5994 =item Changed Internals
5996 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
6000 =item Known Problems
6004 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
6006 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
6008 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6010 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
6012 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
6014 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6016 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
6018 =item PDL failing some tests
6022 =item Self-tying Problems
6024 =item ext/threads/t/libc
6026 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
6028 =item Timing problems
6030 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
6032 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
6036 =item Platform Specific Problems
6042 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
6048 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
6050 =item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
6052 =item DJGPP Failures
6054 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
6056 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
6058 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
6060 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
6062 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
6064 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6068 =item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
6070 =item OS/2 Test Failures
6072 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
6078 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
6080 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
6082 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
6094 =item XML::Parser not working
6098 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
6100 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
6104 =item Reporting Bugs
6112 =head2 perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
6120 =item Reporting Bugs
6128 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
6134 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6136 =item Incompatible Changes
6140 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
6142 =item AIX Dynaloading
6144 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
6146 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
6152 =item Core Enhancements
6154 =item Modules and Pragmata
6158 =item New Modules and Distributions
6160 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6164 =item Utility Changes
6166 =item New Documentation
6168 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6172 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6174 =item Generic Improvements
6178 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6182 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6186 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6188 =item Source Code Enhancements
6192 =item MAGIC constants
6194 =item Better commented code
6196 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
6204 =item Known Problems
6210 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
6212 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6214 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
6216 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
6218 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
6220 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6224 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
6226 =item Failure of Thread tests
6236 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
6238 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6240 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
6242 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6244 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6246 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
6250 =item Reporting Bugs
6258 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
6264 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6266 =item Incompatible Changes
6268 =item Core Enhancements
6272 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
6274 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
6276 =item Signals Are Now Safe
6280 =item Modules and Pragmata
6286 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6290 =item Performance Enhancements
6292 =item Utility Changes
6294 =item New Documentation
6310 =item README.solaris
6314 =item Porting/repository.pod
6318 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6322 =item New Or Improved Platforms
6324 =item Generic Improvements
6326 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
6327 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
6328 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
6332 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6336 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6340 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6342 =item Changed Internals
6346 =item Known Problems
6350 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
6352 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6354 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6356 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6360 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6362 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
6364 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
6366 =item Failure of Thread tests
6368 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
6370 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
6372 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6374 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6378 =item Reporting Bugs
6386 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
6392 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
6394 =item Incompatible Changes
6396 =item Core Enhancements
6398 =item Modules and Pragmata
6404 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
6408 =item Utility Changes
6410 =item New Documentation
6412 =item Performance Enhancements
6414 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6418 =item Generic Improvements
6422 =item Selected Bug Fixes
6426 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
6430 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6432 =item Changed Internals
6434 =item Known Problems
6438 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
6440 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
6442 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
6444 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
6446 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
6448 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
6450 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
6452 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
6454 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
6456 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
6460 =item Reporting Bugs
6468 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
6474 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
6478 =item Security Issues
6480 =item Core bug fixes
6482 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
6483 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
6484 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
6485 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
6486 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
6487 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
6492 =item Configuration issues
6496 =item Bundled modules
6498 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
6499 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
6500 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
6501 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
6503 =item Platform-specific improvements
6505 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
6509 =item Core Enhancements
6513 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6515 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6517 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6519 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6521 =item "our" declarations
6523 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6525 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6527 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6529 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6531 =item open() with more than two arguments
6533 =item 64-bit support
6535 =item Large file support
6541 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6543 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6545 =item File globbing implemented internally
6547 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6549 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6551 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6553 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6555 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6557 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6559 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6561 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6563 =item Comments in pack() templates
6565 =item Weak references
6567 =item Binary numbers supported
6569 =item Lvalue subroutines
6571 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6573 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6575 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6577 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6579 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6581 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6583 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6585 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6587 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6589 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6591 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6593 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6595 =item Improved diagnostics
6597 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6599 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6601 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6603 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6605 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6607 =item Improved security features
6609 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6611 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6613 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6615 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6617 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6619 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6621 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6625 =item Modules and Pragmata
6631 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6632 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6633 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6634 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6635 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6636 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6637 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6638 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6644 =item Utility Changes
6658 =item The Perl Debugger
6662 =item Improved Documentation
6664 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6665 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6666 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6667 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6669 =item Performance enhancements
6673 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6675 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6677 =item Faster subroutine calls
6679 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6683 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6687 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6689 =item New Configure flags
6691 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6697 =item -Duselargefiles
6699 =item installusrbinperl
6705 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6707 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6711 =item Platform specific changes
6715 =item Supported platforms
6719 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6727 =item Significant bug fixes
6731 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6733 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6735 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6737 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6739 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6741 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6743 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6745 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6747 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6749 =item Locale bugs fixed
6753 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6755 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6757 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6759 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6763 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6765 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6766 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6767 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6768 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6769 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6770 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6771 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6772 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6773 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6774 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6775 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6776 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6777 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6778 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6779 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6780 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6781 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6782 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6783 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6784 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6785 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6786 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6787 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6788 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6789 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6790 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6791 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6792 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6793 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6794 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6795 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6796 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6797 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6798 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6799 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6800 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6801 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6802 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6803 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6804 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6805 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6806 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6807 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6808 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6809 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6810 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6811 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6812 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6813 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6814 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6818 =item Incompatible Changes
6822 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6824 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6825 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6826 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6827 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6828 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6829 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6830 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6831 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6832 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6833 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6834 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6836 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6838 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6840 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6842 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6844 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6848 =item Known Problems
6852 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6854 =item Known test failures
6856 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6858 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6860 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6862 =item Experimental features
6864 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6865 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6866 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6870 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6872 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6873 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6874 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6875 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6877 =item Reporting Bugs
6885 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6891 =item Core Enhancements
6895 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6897 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6899 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6901 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6903 =item "our" declarations
6905 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6907 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6909 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6911 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6913 =item open() with more than two arguments
6915 =item 64-bit support
6917 =item Large file support
6923 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6925 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6927 =item File globbing implemented internally
6929 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6931 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6933 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6935 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6937 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6939 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6941 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6943 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6945 =item Comments in pack() templates
6947 =item Weak references
6949 =item Binary numbers supported
6951 =item Lvalue subroutines
6953 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6955 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6957 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6959 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6961 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6963 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6965 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6967 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6969 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6971 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6973 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6975 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6977 =item Improved diagnostics
6979 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6981 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6983 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6985 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6987 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6989 =item Improved security features
6991 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6993 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6995 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6997 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6999 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
7001 =item Optional Y2K warnings
7003 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
7007 =item Modules and Pragmata
7013 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
7014 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
7015 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
7016 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
7017 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
7018 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
7019 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
7020 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
7026 =item Utility Changes
7040 =item The Perl Debugger
7044 =item Improved Documentation
7046 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
7047 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
7048 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
7049 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
7051 =item Performance enhancements
7055 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
7057 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
7059 =item Faster subroutine calls
7061 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
7065 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
7069 =item -Dusethreads means something different
7071 =item New Configure flags
7073 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
7079 =item -Duselargefiles
7081 =item installusrbinperl
7087 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
7091 =item Platform specific changes
7095 =item Supported platforms
7099 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
7107 =item Significant bug fixes
7111 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
7113 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
7115 =item All compilation errors are true errors
7117 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
7119 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
7121 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
7123 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
7125 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
7127 =item Failures in DESTROY()
7129 =item Locale bugs fixed
7133 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
7135 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
7137 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
7139 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
7143 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
7145 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
7146 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
7147 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
7148 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
7149 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
7150 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
7151 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
7152 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
7153 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
7154 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
7155 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
7156 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
7157 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
7158 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
7159 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
7160 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
7161 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
7162 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
7163 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
7164 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
7165 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
7166 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
7167 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
7168 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
7169 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
7170 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
7171 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
7172 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
7173 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
7174 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
7175 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
7176 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
7177 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
7178 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
7179 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
7180 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
7181 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
7182 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
7183 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
7184 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
7185 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
7186 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
7187 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
7188 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
7189 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
7190 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
7191 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
7192 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
7193 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
7194 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
7198 =item Incompatible Changes
7202 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
7204 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
7205 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
7206 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
7207 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
7208 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
7209 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
7210 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
7211 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
7212 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
7213 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
7214 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
7216 =item C Source Incompatibilities
7218 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
7220 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
7222 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
7224 =item Binary Incompatibilities
7228 =item Known Problems
7232 =item Thread test failures
7234 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
7236 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
7238 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
7240 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
7243 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
7245 =item Arrow operator and arrays
7247 =item Experimental features
7249 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
7250 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
7251 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
7255 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7257 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
7258 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
7259 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
7260 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
7262 =item Reporting Bugs
7270 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
7276 =item About the new versioning system
7278 =item Incompatible Changes
7282 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
7284 =item Default installation structure has changed
7286 =item Perl Source Compatibility
7288 =item C Source Compatibility
7290 =item Binary Compatibility
7292 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
7294 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
7308 =item Regular Expressions
7310 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
7311 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
7312 improvements, Incompatible changes
7314 =item Improved malloc()
7316 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
7318 =item Reliable signals
7320 =item Reliable stack pointers
7322 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
7326 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
7328 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
7330 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
7332 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
7334 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
7336 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
7338 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
7340 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
7342 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
7344 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
7346 =item Better locale support
7348 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
7350 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
7352 =item Extended support for exception handling
7354 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
7356 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
7358 =item New C<INIT> keyword
7360 =item New C<lock> keyword
7362 =item New C<qr//> operator
7364 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
7366 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
7368 =item Tied handles support is better
7370 =item 4th argument to substr
7372 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
7374 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
7376 =item <> now reads in records
7380 =item Supported Platforms
7386 =item Changes in existing support
7390 =item Modules and Pragmata
7396 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
7397 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
7398 Thread, attrs, fields, re
7400 =item Changes in existing modules
7402 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
7403 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
7407 =item Utility Changes
7409 =item Documentation Changes
7411 =item New Diagnostics
7413 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
7414 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
7415 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
7416 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
7417 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
7418 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
7419 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
7420 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
7421 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
7422 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
7423 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
7424 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
7425 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
7426 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
7427 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
7428 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
7429 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
7431 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
7433 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
7434 temporary file, regexp too big
7436 =item Configuration Changes
7446 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
7452 =item Supported Environments
7458 =item List assignment to %ENV works
7460 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
7462 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
7464 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
7466 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
7468 =item More precise warnings
7470 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
7472 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
7474 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
7476 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
7478 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
7480 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
7482 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
7484 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
7486 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
7488 =item Changes to tainting checks
7490 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
7491 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
7493 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
7495 =item Embedding improvements
7497 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
7499 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
7501 =item New and changed syntax
7505 =item New and changed builtin constants
7509 =item New and changed builtin variables
7513 =item New and changed builtin functions
7515 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
7516 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
7517 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
7518 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
7519 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
7521 =item New builtin methods
7523 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
7525 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
7527 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
7528 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
7530 =item Malloc enhancements
7532 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
7534 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
7538 =item Support for More Operating Systems
7554 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
7555 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
7561 =item Required Updates
7563 =item Installation directories
7565 =item Module information summary
7579 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
7583 =item Utility Changes
7589 Sends converted HTML to standard output
7593 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
7597 =item C Language API Changes
7599 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
7602 =item Documentation Changes
7604 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
7605 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
7607 =item New Diagnostics
7609 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
7610 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
7611 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
7612 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
7613 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
7614 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
7615 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
7616 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
7617 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
7618 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
7619 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
7620 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
7621 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
7622 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
7623 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
7624 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
7625 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
7626 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
7627 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
7628 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
7629 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
7630 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
7631 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
7632 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
7633 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
7643 =head2 perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License
7651 =item The "Artistic License"
7659 "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Reasonable
7660 copying fee", "Freely Available"
7664 a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)
7670 =head2 perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2
7682 =item GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
7686 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
7694 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
7698 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
7700 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
7702 =item The usenm option
7704 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
7706 =item Using Large Files with Perl
7712 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
7722 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7738 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7740 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7742 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7744 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7750 =item Accessing documentation
7754 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7756 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7758 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7760 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7764 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7768 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7770 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7772 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7774 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7776 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7780 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
7788 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
7798 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7806 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7808 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7812 =item Contact Information
7814 =item Update 2002-05-30
7820 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7830 =item gzip on BS2000
7832 =item bison on BS2000
7834 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7836 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7838 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7840 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7842 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7844 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7846 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7848 =item Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions
7866 =head2 perlce - Perl for WinCE
7878 Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's
7879 celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources
7883 go to ./wince subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run compile.bat, run
7888 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
7894 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7900 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7904 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7906 =item Cygwin Configuration
7908 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7912 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7916 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7918 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7920 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7921 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
7923 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7925 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7926 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7929 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7931 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7935 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7939 =item Errors on Cygwin
7945 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7949 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7951 =item NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
7953 =item C<fork()> failures in io_* tests
7955 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7957 Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, F<.exe>, C<chown()>, Miscellaneous
7961 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7963 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7965 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7966 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7968 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7976 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7988 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7992 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7994 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7996 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7998 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
8008 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
8018 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
8022 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
8024 =item Building Perl on DOS
8026 =item Testing Perl on DOS
8028 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
8032 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
8036 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
8038 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
8040 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
8042 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
8052 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
8060 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
8062 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
8066 =item Editors on Epoc
8068 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
8070 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
8072 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
8076 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
8084 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
8092 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
8094 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
8096 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
8104 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
8113 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
8115 =item Using perl from HP's porting centre
8117 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
8129 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
8131 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
8133 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
8135 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
8137 =item The GNU C Compiler
8139 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
8141 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
8143 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
8145 =item Oracle on HP-UX
8147 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
8149 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
8151 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
8153 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
8157 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8165 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
8173 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
8181 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
8189 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
8191 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
8193 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
8195 =item Linker Problems in Irix
8197 =item Malloc in Irix
8199 =item Building with threads in Irix
8209 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
8218 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
8220 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
8222 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
8224 =item Building external modules on MachTen
8234 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
8248 =head2 perlmacosx, README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X
8258 =item Installation Prefix
8260 =item libperl and Prebinding
8262 =item Updating Panther
8264 =item Known problems
8274 =item Starting From Scratch
8282 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
8288 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
8294 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
8302 =item Binary distribution from HP
8304 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
8306 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
8308 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
8310 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
8312 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
8314 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
8315 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
8317 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
8321 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
8323 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
8325 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
8327 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
8329 =item Perl/iX Change History
8335 =head2 perlnetware - Perl for NetWare
8349 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
8361 =item BUILD NEW EXTENSIONS
8363 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
8371 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
8391 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
8393 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
8395 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
8399 =item Frequently asked questions
8403 =item "It does not work"
8405 =item I cannot run external programs
8407 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
8410 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
8413 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
8415 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
8423 =item Automatic binary installation
8425 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
8427 =item Manual binary installation
8429 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
8430 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
8431 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
8432 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
8433 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
8439 =item Accessing documentation
8443 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
8451 =item GNU C<info> files
8463 =item The short story
8467 =item Getting perl source
8469 =item Application of the patches
8477 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
8480 =item Installing the built perl
8482 =item C<a.out>-style build
8486 =item Building a binary distribution
8488 =item Building custom F<.EXE> files
8492 =item Making executables with a custom collection of statically loaded
8495 =item Making executables with a custom search-paths
8503 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
8505 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
8507 =item Problems with tr or sed
8509 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
8511 =item Library ... not found
8513 =item Segfault in make
8515 =item op/sprintf test failure
8519 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
8523 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
8527 =item C<extproc> on the first line
8529 =item Additional modules:
8531 =item Prebuilt methods:
8533 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
8534 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
8535 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
8536 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
8537 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
8538 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
8539 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
8540 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
8541 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
8542 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
8543 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
8544 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
8546 =item Prebuilt variables:
8548 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
8555 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
8558 =item Identifying DLLs
8560 =item Centralized management of resources
8562 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
8563 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
8564 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
8565 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
8579 =item F<perl___.exe>
8581 =item Why strange names?
8583 =item Why dynamic linking?
8585 =item Why chimera build?
8593 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
8595 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
8597 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
8599 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
8601 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
8603 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
8611 =item Text-mode filehandles
8615 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
8617 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
8619 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
8622 =item DLL forwarder generation
8626 =item Calls to external programs
8628 =item Memory allocation
8632 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
8648 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
8661 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
8663 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
8665 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
8667 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
8669 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8671 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8673 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8675 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
8677 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
8679 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
8689 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
8697 =head2 perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400
8705 =item Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE
8707 =item Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE
8709 =item Using Perl in OS/400 PASE
8711 =item Known Problems
8721 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
8731 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
8733 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
8735 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
8737 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
8741 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
8745 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
8757 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
8765 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
8767 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
8769 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
8771 =item QNX auxiliary files
8775 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
8783 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
8791 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
8797 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
8803 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
8805 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
8807 =item Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris
8811 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
8815 =item 64-bit perl on Solaris.
8817 =item Threads in perl on Solaris.
8819 =item Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.
8823 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
8825 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
8826 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
8827 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
8833 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
8835 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8839 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
8841 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
8845 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
8849 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
8851 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
8855 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
8857 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
8859 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
8871 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
8872 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
8880 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
8882 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
8884 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
8886 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
8888 =item DB_File tests failing on Tru64
8890 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
8892 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
8896 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
8898 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
8900 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
8906 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
8914 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
8916 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
8922 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
8932 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
8934 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8936 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
8938 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
8940 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
8950 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
8956 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
8964 =item Organization of Perl Images
8970 =item Perl Extensions
8972 =item Installing static extensions
8974 =item Installing dynamic extensions
8978 =item File specifications
8984 =item Wildcard expansion
8990 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8996 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8998 =item Command line switches
9004 =item Perl functions
9006 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
9007 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
9008 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
9009 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
9011 =item Perl variables
9013 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
9015 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
9029 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
9035 =item BUILDING PERL FOR VOS
9037 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
9039 =item USING PERL IN VOS
9043 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
9045 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
9051 =item SUPPORT STATUS
9059 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
9069 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
9071 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
9072 SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW32 with gcc, MinGW release 1
9076 =item Testing Perl on Win32
9078 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
9080 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
9082 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
9083 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
9084 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
9086 =item Running Perl Scripts
9088 Miscellaneous Things
9092 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
9096 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
9097 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
9098 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
9106 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
9108 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
9120 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
9130 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
9131 data structures between threads
9143 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
9144 LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
9145 ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9157 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9166 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9167 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
9168 threads->list();, async BLOCK;
9172 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9178 Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
9179 blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be, Detached threads
9182 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9188 =head2 assertions - select assertions in blocks of code
9200 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
9204 =head2 assertions::activate - activate assertions
9216 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
9220 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
9230 =item Built-in Attributes
9232 locked, method, lvalue
9234 =item Available Subroutines
9238 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
9240 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
9242 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
9250 =item Default exports
9252 =item Available exports
9254 =item Export tags defined
9264 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
9280 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time
9296 =head2 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
9308 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
9312 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
9334 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
9346 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
9352 inf(), NaN(), upgrade()
9356 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
9374 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
9398 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
9399 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
9400 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
9401 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
9402 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
9412 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
9426 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
9441 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
9450 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
9452 =item CUSTOM ALIASES
9456 =item Anonymous hashes
9460 =item Alias shortcut
9464 =item charnames::viacode(code)
9466 =item charnames::vianame(name)
9470 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
9476 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
9488 =item List constants
9490 =item Defining multiple constants at once
9492 =item Magic constants
9496 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
9506 =head2 diagnostics, splain - produce verbose warning diagnostics
9516 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
9518 =item The I<splain> Program
9532 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
9542 =item Literal Conversions
9544 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
9546 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
9550 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
9552 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
9556 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
9557 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
9559 =item The Filter Option
9563 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
9573 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
9575 =item tr/// with ranges
9577 Legend of characters above
9581 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
9583 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
9585 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
9593 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
9607 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
9617 =item subpragma access
9623 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
9637 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
9648 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
9658 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
9668 =item Adding directories to @INC
9670 =item Deleting directories from @INC
9672 =item Restoring original @INC
9686 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
9697 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
9705 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
9707 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
9713 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
9725 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
9735 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
9737 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
9739 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
9741 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
9743 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
9745 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
9747 =item Overloadable Operations
9749 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
9750 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
9751 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
9753 =item Inheritance and overloading
9755 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
9756 is inherited by derived classes
9760 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
9768 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
9770 =item Copy Constructor
9776 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
9778 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
9779 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
9780 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
9783 =item Losing overloading
9785 =item Run-time Overloading
9787 =item Public functions
9789 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
9791 =item Overloading constants
9793 integer, float, binary, q, qr
9795 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9797 =item Metaphor clash
9803 =item Two-face scalars
9805 =item Two-face references
9807 =item Symbolic calculator
9809 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
9817 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
9818 type, `%s' is not a code reference
9824 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
9836 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
9838 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
9842 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
9846 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
9854 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
9866 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
9874 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
9880 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
9890 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
9891 structures between threads
9903 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
9904 LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
9905 ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9917 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
9928 =item Utility functions
9930 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::downgrade($string[,
9931 FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), utf8::decode($string), $flag =
9932 utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)
9942 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
9952 =head2 version - Perl extension for Version Objects
9962 =item What IS a version
9964 Numeric Versions, V-String Versions
9966 =item Numeric Versions
9968 =item V-String Versions
9970 =item Object Methods
9972 New Operator, Stringification, Numification, Comparison operators, Logical
9977 =item Types of Versions Objects
9979 Ordinary versions, alpha versions
9981 =item Replacement UNIVERSAL::VERSION
9993 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
10001 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
10005 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
10013 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
10014 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
10015 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
10016 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
10017 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
10021 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
10031 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
10033 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
10043 =item DBM Comparisons
10053 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
10063 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
10067 =item Typed lexicals
10069 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
10071 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
10073 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
10075 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
10083 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
10084 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
10085 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
10086 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
10087 be able to apply END handler>
10097 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
10107 =item Subroutine Stubs
10109 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
10111 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
10113 =item Package Lexicals
10115 =item Not Using AutoLoader
10117 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
10127 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
10135 $keep, $check, $modtime
10139 =item Multiple packages
10147 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
10157 =item Utility Functions
10161 =item Functions Returning C<B::SV>, C<B::AV>, C<B::HV>, and C<B::CV>
10164 sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av,
10165 check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv
10167 =item Functions for Examining the Symbol Table
10169 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)
10171 =item Functions Returning C<B::OP> objects or for walking op trees
10173 main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)
10175 =item Miscellaneous Utility Functions
10177 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
10178 perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
10182 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
10186 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
10188 =item B::SV Methods
10190 REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref
10192 =item B::IV Methods
10194 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
10196 =item B::NV Methods
10200 =item B::RV Methods
10204 =item B::PV Methods
10208 =item B::PVMG Methods
10212 =item B::MAGIC Methods
10214 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
10216 =item B::PVLV Methods
10218 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
10220 =item B::BM Methods
10222 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
10224 =item B::GV Methods
10226 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
10227 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
10229 =item B::IO Methods
10231 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
10232 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
10234 =item B::AV Methods
10236 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, AvFLAGS
10238 =item B::CV Methods
10240 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB,
10241 XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
10243 =item B::HV Methods
10245 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
10247 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
10249 =item B::OP Methods
10251 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
10253 =item B::UNOP METHOD
10257 =item B::BINOP METHOD
10261 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
10265 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
10269 =item B::PMOP Methods
10271 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
10272 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset
10274 =item B::SVOP METHOD
10278 =item B::PADOP METHOD
10282 =item B::PVOP METHOD
10286 =item B::LOOP Methods
10288 redoop, nextop, lastop
10290 =item B::COP Methods
10292 label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io
10300 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
10309 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
10315 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
10327 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10347 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
10359 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
10369 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
10379 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
10380 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
10381 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
10392 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
10402 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
10403 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
10404 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
10416 =item Context of ".."
10420 =item Deprecated features
10428 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
10440 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
10441 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
10442 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
10444 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
10446 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
10447 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
10448 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
10449 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
10450 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
10451 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
10452 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
10453 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
10455 =item ABBREVIATIONS
10459 =item OP flags abbreviations
10461 =item OP class abbreviations
10465 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
10471 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
10483 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
10493 B<-d>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
10494 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
10496 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
10506 =item ambient_pragmas
10508 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
10520 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
10532 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
10540 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
10542 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<bare-subs>,
10543 B<dollar-underscore>, B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>,
10544 B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
10546 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
10556 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
10566 =item IMPLEMENTATION
10574 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
10586 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
10598 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
10600 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
10612 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
10622 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
10630 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
10650 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
10664 =item Standard Exports
10666 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
10667 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
10668 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
10670 =item Optional Exports
10672 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [
10673 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
10674 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
10676 =item :hireswallclock
10692 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
10696 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
10710 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
10722 B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
10732 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
10744 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
10746 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
10748 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
10750 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
10752 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
10754 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
10756 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
10758 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
10760 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
10762 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
10764 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
10766 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
10768 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
10770 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
10772 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
10774 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
10776 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
10778 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
10779 B<:standard>, B<:all>
10783 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
10784 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
10787 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
10789 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
10790 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
10795 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
10799 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
10801 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
10803 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
10805 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
10807 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
10809 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
10811 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
10813 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
10814 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
10816 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
10820 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
10824 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
10826 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
10828 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
10830 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
10832 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
10834 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
10835 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
10837 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
10841 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
10845 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
10847 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
10849 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
10851 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
10855 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
10857 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
10859 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
10863 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
10865 =item CREATING AN OPTION GROUP
10867 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
10871 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
10875 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
10879 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
10883 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
10887 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
10889 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
10891 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
10895 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
10897 B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
10898 type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
10900 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
10906 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
10907 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
10909 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
10911 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
10912 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
10915 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
10921 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
10925 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
10927 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
10928 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
10929 name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
10930 ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
10931 B<virtual_port ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name
10932 ()>, B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
10934 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
10936 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
10941 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
10943 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
10945 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
10946 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
10948 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
10950 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10954 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
10955 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
10956 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
10957 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
10958 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
10959 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
10960 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
10961 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
10962 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
10963 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
10964 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
10965 ...and many many more..
10967 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
10975 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
10985 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10993 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
11002 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
11004 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
11008 =item Changing the default message
11012 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
11014 =item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
11022 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
11030 =item USING CGI::Cookie
11032 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
11036 =item Creating New Cookies
11038 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
11040 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
11042 =item Manipulating Cookies
11044 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
11048 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11056 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
11064 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
11066 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
11068 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
11070 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
11072 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
11074 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
11078 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11086 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
11096 =item Tags that won't be formatted
11098 =item Customizing the Indenting
11110 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
11118 =item USING CGI::Push
11120 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
11124 =item Heterogeneous Pages
11126 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
11130 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
11132 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11140 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
11150 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11158 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
11166 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
11172 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
11184 =item Interactive Mode
11186 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
11187 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
11188 distribution, ls author, Signals
11196 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
11198 =item Programmer's interface
11200 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
11202 =item Methods in the other Classes
11204 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
11205 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
11206 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
11207 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
11208 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
11209 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
11210 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
11211 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
11212 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
11213 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
11214 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
11215 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
11216 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
11217 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
11218 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
11219 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
11220 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
11221 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
11222 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
11223 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
11224 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
11225 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
11226 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
11227 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
11228 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
11229 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
11231 =item Cache Manager
11235 =item Prerequisites
11237 =item Finding packages and VERSION
11241 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
11245 =item CONFIGURATION
11247 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
11248 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
11249 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
11250 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
11254 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
11256 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
11264 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
11266 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
11270 =item Three basic types of firewalls
11272 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
11274 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
11280 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
11292 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
11302 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
11315 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
11325 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
11333 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
11335 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
11345 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
11346 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
11347 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
11349 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
11357 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
11367 =item The C<struct()> function
11369 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
11371 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
11373 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
11374 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
11376 =item Initializing with C<new>
11382 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
11384 =item Author and Modification History
11388 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
11396 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names)
11408 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
11412 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
11413 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
11414 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
11415 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
11419 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
11423 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
11424 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
11425 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
11426 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
11427 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
11428 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
11429 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
11433 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_aintl>, C<d_alarm>,
11434 C<d_archlib>, C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>,
11435 C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>,
11436 C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>,
11437 C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>,
11438 C<d_const>, C<d_copysignl>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>,
11439 C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>,
11440 C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>,
11441 C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>,
11442 C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>,
11443 C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>,
11444 C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>,
11445 C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_faststdio>, C<d_fchdir>,
11446 C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>,
11447 C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>,
11448 C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>,
11449 C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>,
11450 C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>,
11451 C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>,
11452 C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>,
11453 C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>,
11454 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
11455 C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>, C<d_gethostent_r>,
11456 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getlogin_r>,
11457 C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
11458 C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>, C<d_getnetent_r>,
11459 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
11460 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
11461 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>, C<d_getprotobynumber_r>,
11462 C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
11463 C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>, C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>,
11464 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>,
11465 C<d_getservent_r>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>,
11466 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
11467 C<d_htonl>, C<d_ilogbl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>,
11468 C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
11469 C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>,
11470 C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>,
11471 C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>,
11472 C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>,
11473 C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>,
11474 C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_modflproto>,
11475 C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>,
11476 C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>,
11477 C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>,
11478 C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>,
11479 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
11480 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
11481 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
11482 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
11483 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
11484 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
11485 C<d_pthread_attr_setscope>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
11486 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
11487 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
11488 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
11489 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
11490 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_scalbnl>, C<d_sched_yield>,
11491 C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
11492 C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
11493 C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
11494 C<d_setgrent_r>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>,
11495 C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>,
11496 C<d_setnent>, C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
11497 C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>,
11498 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
11499 C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
11500 C<d_setservent_r>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
11501 C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
11502 C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
11503 C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
11504 C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>,
11505 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
11506 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
11507 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
11508 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
11509 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>,
11510 C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>,
11511 C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>,
11512 C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
11513 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
11514 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
11515 C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>, C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>,
11516 C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
11517 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>,
11518 C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
11519 C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vendorscript>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
11520 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
11521 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
11522 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
11523 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
11524 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
11528 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
11529 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
11530 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
11531 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
11535 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
11536 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
11541 C<gccansipedantic>, C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>,
11542 C<getgrgid_r_proto>, C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>,
11543 C<gethostbyname_r_proto>, C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>,
11544 C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>, C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>,
11545 C<getprotobyname_r_proto>, C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>,
11546 C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>, C<getpwnam_r_proto>,
11547 C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>, C<getservbyport_r_proto>,
11548 C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>,
11549 C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<gmtime_r_proto>,
11550 C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
11554 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<html1dir>, C<html1direxp>,
11555 C<html3dir>, C<html3direxp>
11559 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
11560 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
11561 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
11562 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
11563 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
11564 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
11565 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
11566 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
11567 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
11568 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
11569 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
11570 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
11571 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
11572 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
11573 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
11574 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
11575 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
11576 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
11577 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installhtml1dir>,
11578 C<installhtml3dir>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>,
11579 C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
11580 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitehtml1dir>,
11581 C<installsitehtml3dir>, C<installsitelib>, C<installsiteman1dir>,
11582 C<installsiteman3dir>, C<installsitescript>, C<installstyle>,
11583 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
11584 C<installvendorhtml1dir>, C<installvendorhtml3dir>, C<installvendorlib>,
11585 C<installvendorman1dir>, C<installvendorman3dir>, C<installvendorscript>,
11586 C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
11590 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
11594 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
11595 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
11596 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
11597 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
11598 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
11599 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
11604 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
11605 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
11606 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
11610 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mistrustnm>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>,
11611 C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>,
11616 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
11617 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
11618 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
11619 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
11620 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
11624 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
11625 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
11629 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
11630 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
11634 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
11635 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
11636 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
11637 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
11641 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
11645 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
11646 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
11647 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
11651 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
11652 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
11653 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
11654 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
11655 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
11656 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
11657 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
11658 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitehtml1dir>, C<sitehtml1direxp>, C<sitehtml3dir>,
11659 C<sitehtml3direxp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>,
11660 C<siteman1dir>, C<siteman1direxp>, C<siteman3dir>, C<siteman3direxp>,
11661 C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sitescript>, C<sitescriptexp>,
11662 C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>,
11663 C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>,
11664 C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>,
11665 C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>,
11666 C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>, C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>,
11667 C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>,
11668 C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>,
11669 C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>,
11670 C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
11674 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
11675 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
11680 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
11681 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
11682 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
11683 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<usefaststdio>,
11684 C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>,
11685 C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>,
11686 C<useposix>, C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>,
11687 C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>,
11688 C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>,
11693 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
11694 C<vendorhtml1dir>, C<vendorhtml1direxp>, C<vendorhtml3dir>,
11695 C<vendorhtml3direxp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>,
11696 C<vendorman1dir>, C<vendorman1direxp>, C<vendorman3dir>,
11697 C<vendorman3direxp>, C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<vendorscript>,
11698 C<vendorscriptexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
11699 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
11703 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
11707 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
11719 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
11729 =item getcwd and friends
11731 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
11733 =item abs_path and friends
11735 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
11747 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
11759 =item Global Variables
11761 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
11762 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
11767 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
11768 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
11770 =item Client Callback Methods
11772 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
11773 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
11774 CLIENT->output(LIST)
11784 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
11792 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
11796 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
11798 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
11800 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
11802 =item Default Parameters
11804 =item In Memory Databases
11812 =item A Simple Example
11820 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
11822 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
11824 =item The get_dup() Method
11826 =item The find_dup() Method
11828 =item The del_dup() Method
11830 =item Matching Partial Keys
11838 =item The 'bval' Option
11840 =item A Simple Example
11842 =item Extra RECNO Methods
11844 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
11845 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
11846 length, elements);>
11848 =item Another Example
11852 =item THE API INTERFACE
11854 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
11855 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
11856 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
11857 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
11861 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
11862 B<filter_fetch_value>
11868 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
11870 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
11874 =item HINTS AND TIPS
11878 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
11880 =item Safe ways to lock a database
11882 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
11884 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
11886 =item The untie() Gotcha
11890 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
11894 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
11896 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
11898 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
11900 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
11920 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
11921 printing and C<eval>
11933 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
11934 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
11935 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
11942 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
11968 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
11976 =item PROFILE FORMAT
11988 =head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability
12010 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
12020 =item Runtime debugging
12022 =item Memory footprint debugging
12030 =item A simple scalar string
12032 =item A simple scalar number
12034 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
12036 =item A reference to a simple scalar
12038 =item A reference to an array
12040 =item A reference to a hash
12042 =item Dumping a large array or hash
12044 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
12046 =item A reference to a subroutine
12060 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
12070 =head2 Digest - Modules that calculate message digests
12078 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
12082 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
12083 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset,
12084 $ctx->add( $data, ... ), $ctx->addfile( $io_handle ), $ctx->add_bits(
12085 $data, $nbits ), $ctx->add_bits( $bitstring ), $ctx->digest,
12086 $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
12096 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
12106 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
12110 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...),
12111 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->add_bits($data, $nbits),
12112 $md5->add_bits($bitstring), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
12124 =head2 Digest::base - Digest base class
12136 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
12148 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
12160 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
12161 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
12162 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
12167 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
12168 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
12174 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
12182 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
12183 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
12184 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(), dl_find_symbol(),
12185 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
12192 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
12203 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
12205 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
12209 =item Order of initialization: early load()
12213 =item The most hairy case
12223 =head2 Encode - character encodings
12231 =item Table of Contents
12243 =item PERL ENCODING API
12245 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
12246 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
12247 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
12252 =item Listing available encodings
12254 =item Defining Aliases
12258 =item Encoding via PerlIO
12260 =item Handling Malformed Data
12262 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
12263 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
12264 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
12265 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
12270 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
12274 =item Defining Encodings
12276 =item The UTF-8 flag
12278 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
12282 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
12284 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
12294 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
12302 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
12307 =item Alias overloading
12315 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
12329 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
12331 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
12347 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
12349 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
12351 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
12365 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
12375 =item Methods you should implement
12377 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
12378 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
12380 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
12382 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
12384 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
12388 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
12392 =item Compiled Encodings
12398 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
12402 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
12412 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
12413 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
12414 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
12424 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
12434 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
12442 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
12444 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
12446 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
12460 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
12462 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
12478 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
12484 =item How does it work?
12486 =item Line Buffering
12490 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
12498 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
12506 =item Encoding Names
12510 =item Supported Encodings
12514 =item Built-in Encodings
12516 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
12518 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
12520 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
12521 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
12523 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
12525 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
12526 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
12527 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
12529 =item Miscellaneous encodings
12531 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
12535 =item Unsupported encodings
12537 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
12538 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
12539 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
12540 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
12542 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
12544 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
12548 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
12550 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
12556 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
12557 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
12564 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
12565 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
12569 =item Other Notable Sites
12571 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
12572 "Introduction to i18n"
12574 =item Offline sources
12576 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
12582 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
12596 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
12612 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
12620 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
12622 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
12628 =item by endianness
12630 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
12634 =item Surrogate Pairs
12640 =head2 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding
12654 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
12663 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
12668 =item Alias overloading
12676 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
12677 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
12679 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
12682 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
12685 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
12686 Implementation Base Class
12696 =item Methods you should implement
12698 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
12699 -E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
12701 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
12703 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
12705 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
12709 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
12713 =item Compiled Encodings
12719 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
12723 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
12734 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
12735 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
12736 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
12746 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
12747 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
12749 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
12752 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
12755 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
12756 and 'Q' header encoding
12772 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
12773 on Encode and PerlIO
12779 =item How does it work?
12781 =item Line Buffering
12785 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
12793 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
12794 supported by Encode
12802 =item Encoding Names
12806 =item Supported Encodings
12810 =item Built-in Encodings
12812 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
12814 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
12816 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
12817 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
12819 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
12821 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
12822 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
12823 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
12825 =item Miscellaneous encodings
12827 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
12831 =item Unsupported encodings
12833 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
12834 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
12835 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
12836 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
12838 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
12840 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
12844 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
12846 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
12852 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
12853 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
12860 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
12861 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
12865 =item Other Notable Sites
12867 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
12868 "Introduction to i18n"
12870 =item Offline sources
12872 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
12878 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7
12893 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12905 =item Predefined Methods
12907 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12908 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12909 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12911 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12913 =item Operator Overloading
12921 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
12922 non-ascii or non-utf8
12932 =item Literal Conversions
12934 =item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
12936 =item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
12940 =item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
12942 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
12946 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
12947 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
12949 =item The Filter Option
12953 =item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
12963 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
12965 =item tr/// with ranges
12967 Legend of characters above
12971 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
12973 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
12975 literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
12983 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12995 =item Predefined Methods
12997 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12998 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12999 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
13001 =item Example: base64 transcoder
13003 =item Operator Overloading
13011 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
13024 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
13039 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
13055 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
13065 =item How to Export
13067 =item Selecting What To Export
13069 =item How to Import
13071 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
13075 =item Advanced features
13079 =item Specialised Import Lists
13081 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
13083 =item Exporting without inheriting from Exporter
13085 =item Module Version Checking
13087 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
13089 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
13091 =item Generating combined tags
13093 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
13099 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
13109 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
13130 mv source... destination
13132 cp source... destination
13152 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
13166 B<warn_if_old_packlist>
13168 B<perllocal_install>
13172 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
13182 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
13190 perl_stringify NAME
13194 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
13196 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
13200 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
13208 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
13211 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
13213 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
13215 WriteMakefileSnippet
13217 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
13218 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
13226 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
13238 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
13239 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
13249 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
13267 B<install_default> I<DISCOURAGED>
13279 B<PERL_INSTALL_ROOT>
13287 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
13299 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
13300 packlist(), version()
13308 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
13316 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
13317 dynamic extensions at load time
13323 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
13333 =item VMS implementation
13335 =item Win32 implementation
13343 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
13353 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods
13361 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
13369 blibdirs_target (o)
13373 =item File::Spec wrappers
13381 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
13397 makemakerdflt_target
13417 metafile_addtomanifest_target
13419 signature_addtomanifest_target
13423 =item Abstract methods
13425 oneliner, B<quote_literal>, B<escape_newlines>, max_exec_len,
13426 B<init_others>, init_DIRFILESEP, init_linker, init_platform,
13439 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13440 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13454 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13455 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13469 replace_manpage_separator (o)
13473 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13483 =item Overridden methods
13491 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13501 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13502 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13524 init_platform, platform_constants
13530 special_targets (o)
13540 clean_subdirs_target
13544 realclean_subdirs_target
13552 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13553 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13565 init_platform (o), platform_constants
13573 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13574 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13592 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
13602 =item Overridden methods
13610 B<replace_manpage_separator>
13620 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13646 clean_subdirs_target
13658 dir_target B<DEPRECATED>
13708 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
13738 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
13782 post_initialize (o)
13796 realclean_subdirs_target
13798 replace_manpage_separator
13820 test_via_harness (override)
13822 test_via_script (override)
13846 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13847 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13857 =item Methods always loaded
13869 guess_name (override)
13873 find_perl (override)
13875 maybe_command (override)
13877 perl_script (override)
13879 replace_manpage_separator
13885 init_main (override)
13887 init_others (override)
13889 init_platform (override)
13893 init_VERSION (override)
13895 constants (override)
13901 const_cccmd (override)
13903 tool_sxubpp (override)
13905 tools_other (override)
13907 init_dist (override)
13917 dynamic_lib (override)
13919 dynamic_bs (override)
13921 static_lib (override)
13923 processPL (override)
13925 installbin (override)
13927 subdir_x (override)
13931 clean_subdirs_target
13933 realclean (override)
13935 zipfile_target (o), tarfile_target (o), shdist_target (o)
13937 dist_test (override)
13941 perldepend (override)
13943 makefile (override)
13945 find_tests (override)
13949 makeaperl (override)
13951 nicetext (override)
13953 prefixify (override)
13973 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
13974 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
13986 =item Overridden methods
13992 replace_manpage_separator
14002 init_platform (o), platform_constants (o)
14004 special_targets (o)
14026 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
14036 =item Overriden methods
14052 clean_subdirs_target
14054 realclean_subdirs_target
14066 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
14076 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
14086 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
14088 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
14096 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
14100 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
14102 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
14104 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
14106 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
14108 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
14109 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
14110 EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN,
14111 FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB,
14112 INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
14113 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB,
14114 INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH,
14115 INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR,
14116 INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
14117 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS,
14118 LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
14119 MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT,
14120 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
14121 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW,
14122 PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
14123 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
14124 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SIGN, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST,
14125 VERSION, VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
14127 =item Additional lowercase attributes
14129 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean,
14130 test, tool_autosplit
14132 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
14134 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
14136 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
14138 =item Hintsfile support
14140 =item Distribution Support
14142 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
14143 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
14144 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
14146 =item Module Meta-Data
14148 =item Disabling an extension
14150 =item Other Handy Functions
14158 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
14168 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About
14177 =item Module Installation
14179 How do I keep from installing man pages?, How do I use a module without
14182 =item Philosophy and History
14184 Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What is
14185 Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no
14186 shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft
14188 =item Module Writing
14190 How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's
14191 this F<META.yml> thing and how did it get in my F<MANIFEST>?!
14195 How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter
14196 Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same
14209 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker
14223 Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP,
14232 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version-agnostic bytes.pm
14242 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
14252 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
14290 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
14294 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
14302 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
14303 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
14307 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
14315 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
14327 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
14337 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
14346 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
14354 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
14366 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
14374 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
14384 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
14396 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
14406 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
14410 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
14418 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
14422 C<basename>, C<dirname>
14426 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
14440 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
14454 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
14464 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
14466 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
14478 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
14488 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
14500 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
14508 B<find>, B<finddepth>
14514 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
14515 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
14516 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
14518 =item The wanted function
14520 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
14521 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
14522 pathname to the file
14530 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
14538 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
14546 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
14547 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
14548 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
14552 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
14560 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
14574 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
14584 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
14585 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
14586 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
14594 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
14606 file_name_is_absolute
14610 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
14630 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
14648 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
14676 file_name_is_absolute
14698 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
14710 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
14743 file_name_is_absolute
14765 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
14781 =item Methods always loaded
14783 canonpath (override)
14801 case_tolerant (override)
14805 file_name_is_absolute (override)
14807 splitpath (override)
14809 splitdir (override)
14823 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
14849 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
14859 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
14895 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
14909 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
14919 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
14927 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
14939 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
14941 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
14953 =item Temporary files and NFS
14965 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
14981 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
14989 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
14999 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
15007 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
15013 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
15027 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
15029 =item All-in-one interface
15031 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
15033 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
15036 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
15038 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
15039 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
15040 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
15042 described in the previous section.
15044 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
15046 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
15058 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
15068 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
15072 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
15074 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
15082 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
15084 =item Example 2: Using the context
15086 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
15088 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
15092 =item Filter::Simple
15100 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
15108 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
15120 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
15136 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
15144 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
15146 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
15150 =item Simple options
15152 =item A little bit less simple options
15154 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
15156 =item Options with values
15158 =item Options with multiple values
15160 =item Options with hash values
15162 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
15164 =item Options with multiple names
15166 =item Case and abbreviations
15168 =item Summary of Option Specifications
15170 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
15175 =item Advanced Possibilities
15179 =item Object oriented interface
15181 =item Thread Safety
15183 =item Documentation and help texts
15185 =item Storing options in a hash
15189 =item The lonesome dash
15191 =item Argument callback
15195 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
15197 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
15198 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
15199 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
15200 (default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help
15201 (default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
15202 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
15204 =item Exportable Methods
15206 VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage
15208 =item Return values and Errors
15214 =item Default destinations
15216 =item Alternative option starters
15218 =item Configuration variables
15222 =item Trouble Shooting
15226 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
15229 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
15231 =item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called
15233 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
15239 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15243 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt, getopts - Process single-character switches
15244 with switch clustering
15252 =item C<--help> and C<--version>
15256 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
15266 =item Restricted hashes
15268 lock_keys, unlock_keys
15274 lock_value, unlock_value
15276 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
15290 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
15301 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
15312 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
15314 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
15316 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
15318 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
15320 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
15322 the function super_languages($lang1)
15324 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
15326 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
15328 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
15330 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
15334 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
15336 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
15346 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
15354 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
15356 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
15358 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} :
15359 Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} :
15360 Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian,
15361 {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)],
15362 {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic,
15363 {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy}
15364 : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} :
15365 Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} :
15366 Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae}
15367 : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} :
15368 Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai}
15369 : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} :
15370 Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} :
15371 Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber
15372 (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini,
15373 {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} :
15374 Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} :
15375 Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian
15376 (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central
15377 American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages],
15378 {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb}
15379 : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} :
15380 Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} :
15381 Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree,
15382 {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf}
15383 : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based
15384 Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} :
15385 Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} :
15386 Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru)
15387 Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri,
15388 {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch,
15389 {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi}
15390 : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} :
15391 English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
15392 (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} :
15393 Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat}
15394 : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} :
15395 Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French
15396 (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} :
15397 Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan,
15398 {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian,
15399 {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High
15400 German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon}
15401 : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient
15402 Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} :
15403 Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
15404 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
15405 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
15406 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo,
15407 {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European
15408 (Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua
15409 (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} :
15410 Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} :
15411 Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian
15412 languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} :
15413 Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle,
15414 {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
15415 Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar}
15416 : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh,
15417 {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese,
15418 {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz,
15419 {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} :
15420 Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama,
15421 {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} :
15422 Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} :
15423 Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} :
15424 Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban
15425 (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui}
15426 : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai,
15427 {mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili,
15428 {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} :
15429 Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} :
15430 Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} :
15431 Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai,
15432 [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} :
15433 Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} :
15434 Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)],
15435 {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple
15436 languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan,
15437 {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele,
15438 {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
15439 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
15440 {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} :
15441 Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} :
15442 Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi}
15443 : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} :
15444 Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
15445 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
15446 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
15447 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
15448 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
15449 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
15450 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
15451 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
15452 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
15453 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
15454 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} :
15455 Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami,
15456 [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} :
15457 Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak,
15458 {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian,
15459 {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign
15460 Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} :
15461 Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave
15462 (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian,
15463 {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} :
15464 Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} :
15465 South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} :
15466 Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati,
15467 {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} :
15468 Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao,
15469 {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} :
15470 Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} :
15471 Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau,
15472 {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian,
15473 {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} :
15474 Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh}
15475 : Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} :
15476 Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian,
15477 {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} :
15478 Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak}
15479 : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was}
15480 : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private
15481 Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} :
15482 Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd}
15483 : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu,
15488 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15494 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
15512 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15516 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
15528 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
15536 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
15537 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
15547 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
15557 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
15561 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
15569 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
15579 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
15583 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
15584 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
15585 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
15586 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
15598 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
15608 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
15612 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
15622 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
15632 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
15633 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
15643 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
15651 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
15652 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
15661 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
15671 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
15675 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
15676 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
15677 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
15687 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
15701 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
15702 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
15712 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
15728 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
15741 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
15755 hostpath(), peerpath()
15765 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
15774 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
15775 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
15785 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
15795 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
15799 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS )
15807 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
15818 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
15822 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
15823 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
15824 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
15825 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
15837 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
15847 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
15851 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
15861 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
15871 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
15872 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
15882 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
15891 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
15892 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
15901 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
15912 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
15916 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
15917 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
15918 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
15928 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
15943 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
15944 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
15954 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
15955 AF_INET domain sockets
15971 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
15984 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
15985 AF_UNIX domain sockets
15999 hostpath(), peerpath()
16009 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
16019 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
16020 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
16031 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
16045 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
16058 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
16068 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
16069 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
16070 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
16081 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
16099 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
16109 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
16110 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
16121 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
16132 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
16133 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
16134 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
16145 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
16153 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
16154 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
16158 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
16164 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
16165 general-utility list subroutines
16173 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
16174 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
16178 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
16184 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
16185 general-utility scalar subroutines
16193 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
16194 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
16195 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
16205 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
16213 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16217 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
16225 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
16233 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
16235 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16237 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
16238 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
16240 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16242 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
16244 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
16250 =item rename_country
16258 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16262 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
16263 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
16264 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
16265 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
16273 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
16274 identification (ISO 4217)
16284 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16286 code2currency(), currency2code()
16288 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16290 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
16294 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16298 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
16299 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
16307 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
16316 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16318 code2language(), language2code()
16320 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16322 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
16326 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16330 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
16331 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
16339 =head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization
16347 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
16353 =item Construction Methods
16355 =item The "maketext" Method
16357 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
16359 =item Utility Methods
16361 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
16362 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
16363 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
16364 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
16366 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
16370 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
16372 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
16374 =item BRACKET NOTATION
16376 =item AUTO LEXICONS
16378 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
16380 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
16384 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
16390 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
16398 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
16402 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
16404 =item The Linguistic View
16406 =item Breaking gettext
16408 =item Replacing gettext
16410 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
16412 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
16414 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
16416 =item Buzzword: Concision
16418 =item The Devil in the Details
16420 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
16428 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
16436 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
16440 =item SPECIAL CODES
16444 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
16446 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
16447 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
16449 =item QUERY ROUTINES
16451 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
16455 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
16459 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
16460 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
16468 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
16476 encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str)
16480 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
16490 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
16491 of quoted-printable strings
16499 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
16507 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
16516 encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), decode_qp($str);
16524 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
16534 =item Canonical notation
16538 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
16540 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
16544 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
16545 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
16553 =item Autocreating constants
16559 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
16567 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
16577 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
16609 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
16611 =item is_pos()/is_neg()
16613 $x->is_pos(); # true if >= 0
16614 $x->is_neg(); # true if < 0
16616 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
16702 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
16712 =item Rounding mode R
16714 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
16715 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
16716 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
16729 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
16737 =item Autocreating constants
16743 =item Alternative math libraries
16749 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
16757 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
16763 broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior
16768 bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling,
16769 Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types,
16780 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
16792 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
16796 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
16798 the same terms as Perl itself.
16806 =head2 Math::BigInt::CalcEmu - Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
16818 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
16820 the same terms as Perl itself.
16828 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rational numbers
16850 =item denominator()
16852 $d = $x->denominator();
16862 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
16870 =item is_positive()
16872 =item is_negative()
16896 inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented
16897 except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer, bmod(),
16898 blog(), bmodinv() and bmodpow() (partial)
16908 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
16921 =item STRINGIFICATION
16925 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
16931 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
16933 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
16941 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
16949 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
16955 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
16957 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
16961 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
16963 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
16967 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
16969 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
16971 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
16972 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
16976 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
16982 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
16992 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
17010 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
17012 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
17016 =item OTHER FACILITIES
17022 =item C<flush_cache>
17028 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
17030 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
17038 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17044 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
17053 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
17064 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
17076 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
17084 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
17092 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
17101 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
17110 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
17118 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
17126 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17132 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17136 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17140 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
17151 =item Enforcing redispatch
17153 =item Avoiding repetitions
17155 =item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call
17157 =item Using C<EVERY> methods
17163 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
17169 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
17179 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
17182 =item CLASS METHODS
17184 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
17185 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
17186 ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
17196 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
17206 requires_firewall HOST
17208 =item NetConfig VALUES
17210 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
17211 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
17212 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
17216 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
17225 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
17233 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
17245 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
17249 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
17250 site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
17251 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [,
17252 RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), alloc ( SIZE [,
17253 RECORD_SIZE] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]]
17254 ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [,
17255 REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (),
17256 mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash (
17257 [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [
17258 DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port (
17259 [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
17260 pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait (
17261 NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
17265 =item Methods for the adventurous
17271 =item THE dataconn CLASS
17273 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
17274 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
17276 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
17278 B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
17280 =item REPORTING BUGS
17288 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/
17296 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
17306 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
17310 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
17311 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
17312 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
17313 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
17314 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
17315 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
17316 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
17320 =item Extension methods
17322 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
17323 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
17324 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
17325 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
17334 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
17344 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
17354 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
17358 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
17359 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
17360 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
17361 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
17373 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
17385 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos
17386 ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );,
17387 $p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );,
17388 $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack(
17389 [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host
17406 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
17418 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
17422 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
17423 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
17424 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
17425 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
17426 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
17427 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
17440 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
17448 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
17449 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
17457 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
17474 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
17482 =item Where to get this document
17484 =item How to contribute to this document
17488 =item Author and Copyright Information
17496 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
17500 =item What is libnet ?
17502 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
17504 =item What other modules do I need ?
17506 =item What machines support libnet ?
17508 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
17512 =item Using Net::FTP
17516 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
17518 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
17520 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
17522 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
17525 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
17527 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
17529 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
17531 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
17533 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
17535 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
17538 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
17540 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
17543 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
17546 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
17550 =item Using Net::SMTP
17554 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
17557 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
17559 =item The verify method always returns true ?
17563 =item Debugging scripts
17567 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
17571 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
17575 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
17592 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
17607 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
17624 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
17632 =item THE .netrc FILE
17634 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
17639 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
17643 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
17653 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
17663 =item IMPLEMENTATION
17671 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
17679 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17685 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17689 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17693 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
17705 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
17707 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
17708 or optag, an operator set (opset)
17710 =item Opcode Functions
17712 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
17713 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
17714 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
17717 =item Manipulating Opsets
17719 =item TO DO (maybe)
17725 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
17727 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
17728 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
17729 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
17738 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
17747 a new namespace, an operator mask
17753 =item RECENT CHANGES
17755 =item Methods in class Safe
17757 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17758 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17759 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17760 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17762 =item Some Safety Issues
17764 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17772 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
17785 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
17799 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
17800 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
17801 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
17802 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
17803 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
17804 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
17805 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
17806 fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
17807 geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid,
17808 getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha,
17809 isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace,
17810 isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime,
17811 log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
17812 memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice,
17813 offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
17814 putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
17815 rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
17816 setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
17817 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
17818 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
17819 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
17820 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
17821 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
17822 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
17823 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
17830 =item POSIX::SigAction
17832 new, handler, mask, flags, safe
17834 =item POSIX::SigSet
17836 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
17838 =item POSIX::Termios
17840 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
17841 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
17842 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
17843 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
17844 values, c_oflag field values
17848 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
17852 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
17856 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
17910 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
17911 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
17915 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
17924 :unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :mmap, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop, :win32
17928 =item Custom Layers
17932 =item Alternatives to raw
17934 =item Defaults and how to override them
17936 =item Querying the layers of filehandles
17946 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
17958 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO
17966 =item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE
17970 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
17978 =item EXPECTED METHODS
17980 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
17981 $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]),
17982 $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]),
17983 $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh),
17984 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
17985 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
17986 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
17987 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
17993 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
17999 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
18007 =item REQUIRED MODULES
18011 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
18017 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
18023 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
18029 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
18041 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
18042 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
18043 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
18044 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
18045 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
18046 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
18047 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
18048 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
18053 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
18054 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
18055 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
18056 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
18057 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
18058 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI<n> without preceding higher
18063 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
18064 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
18076 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
18078 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
18081 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
18083 C<$checker-E<gt>num_warnings()>
18085 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
18087 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
18089 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
18091 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
18099 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
18111 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
18113 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
18120 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
18126 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
18128 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
18135 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
18147 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
18157 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, hiddendirs, htmldir,
18158 htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot,
18159 quiet, recurse, title, verbose
18173 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
18186 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
18187 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
18193 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
18217 =item B<was_cutting()>
18223 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
18229 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
18235 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
18241 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
18247 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18253 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
18259 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
18265 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
18271 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
18277 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
18283 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
18289 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
18295 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
18301 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
18307 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
18313 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18319 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
18325 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
18331 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
18337 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
18343 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
18349 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
18355 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
18361 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
18367 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
18373 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
18379 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
18385 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
18391 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
18403 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
18415 =item OBJECT METHODS
18423 =item Data Accessors
18439 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
18441 B<StartWithNewPage>
18455 =item Subclassed methods
18469 B<interior_sequence>
18485 =item Methods for headings
18493 =item Internal methods
18499 B<_replace_special_chars>
18501 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
18507 B<_clean_latex_commands>
18509 B<_split_delimited>
18525 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
18533 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
18538 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
18539 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
18540 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
18551 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18555 =head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
18567 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18571 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
18585 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
18593 $list-E<gt>indent()
18601 $list-E<gt>parent()
18607 =item Pod::Hyperlink
18609 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
18613 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
18615 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
18619 $link-E<gt>warning()
18621 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
18627 $link-E<gt>alttext()
18637 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
18643 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
18647 =item Pod::Cache::Item
18649 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
18653 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
18655 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
18657 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
18659 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
18661 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
18663 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
18665 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
18675 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
18687 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
18689 =item PARSING OPTIONS
18691 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
18692 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
18698 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
18706 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18712 =item B<verbatim()>
18714 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18720 =item B<textblock()>
18722 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
18728 =item B<interior_sequence()>
18734 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
18746 =item B<initialize()>
18752 =item B<begin_pod()>
18758 =item B<begin_input()>
18764 =item B<end_input()>
18776 =item B<preprocess_line()>
18782 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
18788 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
18794 =item B<parse_text()>
18796 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
18797 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
18798 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
18804 =item B<interpolate()>
18810 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
18816 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
18822 =item B<parse_from_file()>
18828 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
18834 =item B<errorsub()>
18846 =item B<parseopts()>
18852 =item B<output_file()>
18858 =item B<output_handle()>
18864 =item B<input_file()>
18870 =item B<input_handle()>
18876 =item B<input_streams()>
18882 =item B<top_stream()>
18888 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
18894 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
18900 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
18906 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
18914 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors
18924 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18930 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
18942 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18948 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
18960 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18966 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
18976 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18982 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
18992 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
18998 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
19010 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19016 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
19030 =head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML
19040 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
19046 =head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
19054 alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
19058 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
19059 Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
19071 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
19091 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
19104 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
19106 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
19112 =item OBJECT METHODS
19118 =item B<curr_headings()>
19130 =item B<add_selection()>
19136 =item B<clear_selections()>
19142 =item B<match_section()>
19148 =item B<is_selected()>
19154 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
19160 =item B<podselect()>
19162 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
19168 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
19174 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
19180 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
19186 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
19198 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
19206 alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width
19210 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
19211 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
19212 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
19223 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19227 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
19241 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19245 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
19260 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19264 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
19279 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19283 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
19292 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
19301 =item Recommended Use
19309 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
19313 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
19321 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
19327 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
19331 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
19335 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
19343 a new namespace, an operator mask
19349 =item RECENT CHANGES
19351 =item Methods in class Safe
19353 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
19354 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
19355 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
19356 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
19358 =item Some Safety Issues
19360 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
19368 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
19376 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
19377 looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
19378 set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
19388 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
19398 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
19408 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
19418 =item The __DATA__ token
19420 =item SelfLoader autoloading
19422 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
19424 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
19426 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
19428 =item Classes and inherited methods.
19432 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
19436 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
19446 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
19454 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
19455 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
19463 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
19464 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
19465 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
19466 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
19467 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
19471 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
19481 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
19485 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
19487 =item CODE REFERENCES
19489 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
19491 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
19493 =item ERROR REPORTING
19501 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
19506 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
19507 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
19515 =item Storable magic
19525 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
19537 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
19551 =item Allowing fall-through
19553 =item Automating fall-through
19555 =item Alternative syntax
19557 =item Higher-order Operations
19573 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
19585 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
19597 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
19598 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19606 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19607 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19608 in 5.004_02), closelog
19618 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
19619 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
19627 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
19628 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
19629 in 5.004_02), closelog
19639 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
19649 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
19650 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
19651 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
19655 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
19665 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19669 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
19685 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
19687 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
19689 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
19691 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
19699 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
19707 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
19715 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
19725 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
19726 If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
19734 =item Minimal set of supported functions
19736 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, C<OUT>, C<MinLine>,
19737 C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
19739 =item Additional supported functions
19741 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
19751 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
19759 =item QUICK START GUIDE
19765 C<plan(...)>, C<tests =E<gt> I<number>>, C<todo =E<gt> [I<1,5,14>]>,
19766 C<onfail =E<gt> sub { ... }>, C<onfail =E<gt> \&some_sub>
19776 C<skip(I<skip_if_true>, I<args...>)>
19782 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
19786 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
19796 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
19816 =item Setting up tests
19834 =item Running tests
19840 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
19842 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
19868 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
19880 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
19884 =item Test Status and Info
19918 =head2 Test::Harness - Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
19934 =item The test script output
19936 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
19937 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
19942 =item Configuration variables.
19944 B<$Test::Harness::Verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
19948 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
19975 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
19976 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
19977 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
19978 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
19982 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
19983 C<HARNESS_DEBUG>, C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>,
19984 C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_OK_SLOW>, C<HARNESS_PERL>,
19985 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
20005 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
20031 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
20049 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
20087 =item C<analyze_fh>
20093 =item C<analyze_file>
20099 =item C<_command_line( $file )>
20117 =item C<_cleaned_switches>
20123 =item C<_INC2PERL5LIB>
20129 =item C<_filtered_INC>
20135 =item C<_restore_PERL5LIB>
20145 =item C<_is_comment>
20153 =item C<_is_header>
20165 =item C<_is_bail_out>
20171 =item C<_reset_file_state>
20181 =item C<_detailize>
20197 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
20207 =item I love it when a plan comes together
20217 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
20257 =item Conditional tests
20263 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
20265 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
20269 =item Comparison functions
20283 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
20293 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
20295 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
20308 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
20332 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
20341 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
20349 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
20351 =item Where to start?
20355 =item Test the manual
20357 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
20359 =item Testing lots of values
20361 =item Informative names
20363 =item Skipping tests
20367 =item Testing with taint mode.
20379 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
20391 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
20401 =item General behaviour in list contexts
20405 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
20407 =item A note about prefixes
20409 =item C<extract_delimited>
20411 =item C<extract_bracketed>
20413 =item C<extract_variable>
20417 =item C<extract_tagged>
20419 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
20420 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
20422 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
20424 =item C<extract_quotelike>
20426 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
20428 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
20430 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
20432 =item C<extract_codeblock>
20434 =item C<extract_multiple>
20436 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
20442 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
20443 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
20444 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
20445 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
20446 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
20447 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
20448 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
20449 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
20450 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
20451 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
20452 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
20453 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
20458 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
20464 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
20479 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
20496 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
20511 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
20527 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
20539 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
20540 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
20541 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
20545 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
20553 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
20561 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20563 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
20569 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
20577 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
20579 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
20583 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
20598 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
20608 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
20616 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
20617 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
20618 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
20619 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
20627 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
20647 =item Option Format
20651 =item Public Methods
20659 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
20665 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
20667 =item Deferred Writing
20671 =item Autodeferring
20675 =item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES
20681 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
20695 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
20704 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
20705 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
20706 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
20707 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
20709 =item MORE INFORMATION
20711 =item COMPATIBILITY
20715 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
20724 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
20725 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR
20728 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
20730 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
20732 =item C<SCALAR>, C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
20734 =item MORE INFORMATION
20738 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
20746 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
20756 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
20774 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
20783 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
20785 =item MORE INFORMATION
20789 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
20801 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
20810 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
20811 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
20812 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer (
20813 $which, $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer (
20824 =item negative time not invented yet
20826 =item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...)
20834 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
20838 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
20848 =item Ambiguous Local Times (DST)
20850 =item Negative Epoch Values
20854 =item IMPLEMENTATION
20864 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
20879 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
20894 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
20906 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
20914 C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<isa( VAL, TYPE )>,
20915 C<TYPE>, C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, C<VAL>, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<<
20916 CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>, C<can( VAL, METHOD )>, C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )>
20922 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
20932 =item Constructor and Tailoring
20934 UCA_Version, backwards, entry, hangul_terminator, ignoreName, ignoreChar,
20935 level, normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange,
20936 table, undefName, undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower,
20937 variable, alternate
20939 =item Methods for Collation
20941 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
20942 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
20943 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
20944 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
20945 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
20946 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
20947 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>
20949 =item Methods for Searching
20951 C<$position = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[, $position])>,
20952 C<($position, $length) = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[,
20953 $position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>,
20954 C<($match) = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>, C<@match =
20955 $Collator-E<gt>gmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count =
20956 $Collator-E<gt>subst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count =
20957 $Collator-E<gt>gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>
20959 =item Other Methods
20961 C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-E<gt>change(%new_tailoring)>, C<$version =
20962 $Collator-E<gt>version()>, C<UCA_Version()>, C<Base_Unicode_Version()>
20968 =item Conformance Test
20976 Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Collation
20977 Element Table (DUCET), The conformance test for the UCA, Hangul Syllable
20978 Type, Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15, L<Unicode::Normalize>
20982 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
20992 =item Normalization Forms
20994 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
20995 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
20996 C<$FCD_string = FCD($string)>, C<$FCC_string = FCC($string)>,
20997 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
20999 =item Decomposition and Composition
21001 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
21002 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
21003 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
21007 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
21008 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
21009 checkFCD($string)>, C<$result = checkFCC($string)>, C<$result =
21010 check($form_name, $string)>
21012 =item Character Data
21014 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
21015 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
21016 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
21017 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
21018 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
21019 C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
21020 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
21030 http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/,
21031 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt,
21032 http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5/
21036 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
21078 =item Blocks versus Scripts
21080 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
21082 =item Code Point Arguments
21108 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
21114 =item Implementation Note
21126 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
21141 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
21152 =item System Specifics
21166 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
21174 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
21176 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
21177 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
21178 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
21179 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
21180 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFolderPath(FOLDER [,
21181 CREATE]), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetLastError(),
21182 Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(),
21183 Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
21184 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
21185 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
21186 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
21187 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
21188 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
21189 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
21190 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
21191 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
21192 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
21193 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
21199 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
21209 =item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
21211 =item Backward compatible boilerplate
21215 =item Order of initialization: early load()
21219 =item The most hairy case
21229 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
21231 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
21232 don't all have manual pages yet:
21266 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob