4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
240 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST,
365 open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR
366 : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
367 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
368 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
369 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
370 qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
371 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
372 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
373 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
374 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
375 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
376 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
377 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
378 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
379 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
380 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
381 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
382 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
383 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
384 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
385 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
386 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
387 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
388 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
389 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
390 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
391 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
392 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
393 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
394 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
395 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
396 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
397 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
398 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
399 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
400 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
401 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
402 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
403 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
404 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
410 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
416 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
424 =item Making References
426 =item Using References
444 =item Distribution Conditions
450 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
456 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
457 more elaborate constructs
461 =item COMMON MISTAKES
463 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
465 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
471 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
475 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
477 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
479 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
483 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
487 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
489 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
491 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
495 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
499 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
501 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
503 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
507 =item HASHES OF HASHES
511 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
513 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
515 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
519 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
523 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
525 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
527 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
539 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
549 =item Simple word matching
551 =item Using character classes
553 =item Matching this or that
555 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
557 =item Extracting matches
559 =item Matching repetitions
563 =item Search and replace
565 =item The split operator
573 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
577 =item Acknowledgments
583 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
591 =item Verbatim Paragraph
593 =item Command Paragraph
595 =item Ordinary Block of Text
599 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
601 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
611 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
619 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
637 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
639 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
640 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
641 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
642 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
644 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
646 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
647 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
648 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
652 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
654 =item Numerical Traps
656 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
658 =item General data type traps
660 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
661 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
663 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
665 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
667 =item Precedence Traps
669 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
672 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
674 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
675 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
678 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
680 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
686 =item Interpolation Traps
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
689 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
695 =item Unclassified Traps
697 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
704 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
714 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
716 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
718 =item Location of Perl
720 =item Command Switches
722 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
723 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
724 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
725 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
726 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
727 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
734 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
735 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
736 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
740 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
748 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
756 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
758 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
760 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
764 =item Backward Compatibility
766 =item Category Hierarchy
770 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
782 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
790 =item Looking at data and -w and w
794 =item Stepping through code
796 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
798 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
816 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
822 =item The Perl Debugger
826 =item Debugger Commands
828 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
829 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
830 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
831 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
832 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
833 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
834 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
835 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
836 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
838 =item Configurable Options
840 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
841 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
842 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>,
843 C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>,
844 C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>,
845 C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
847 =item Debugger input/output
849 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
852 =item Debugging compile-time statements
854 =item Debugger Customization
856 =item Readline Support
858 =item Editor Support for Debugging
860 =item The Perl Profiler
864 =item Debugging regular expressions
866 =item Debugging memory usage
874 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
882 =item Predefined Names
884 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
885 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
886 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
887 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
888 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
889 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
890 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
891 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
892 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
893 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
894 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
895 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
896 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
897 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
898 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
899 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
900 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
901 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
902 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
903 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
904 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
905 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
906 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
907 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
908 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
909 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
910 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
911 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_,
912 %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
914 =item Error Indicators
916 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
924 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
932 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
934 =item Growing Your Own
936 =item Access and Printing
948 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
954 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
964 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
970 =item Open E<agrave> la C
974 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
978 =item Obscure Open Tricks
982 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
984 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
988 =item Single Argument Open
990 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
994 =item Other I/O Issues
998 =item Opening Non-File Files
1008 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1014 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1020 =item Part 1: The basics
1024 =item Simple word matching
1026 =item Using character classes
1028 =item Matching this or that
1030 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1032 =item Extracting matches
1034 =item Matching repetitions
1036 =item Building a regexp
1038 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1042 =item Part 2: Power tools
1046 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1048 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1050 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1052 =item Non-capturing groupings
1054 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1056 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1058 =item Conditional expressions
1060 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1062 =item Pragmas and debugging
1070 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1074 =item Acknowledgments
1080 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1090 =item Regular Expressions
1092 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1094 =item Extended Patterns
1096 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1097 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1098 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1099 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1103 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1105 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1107 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1109 =item Combining pieces together
1111 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1112 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1113 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1114 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1116 =item Creating custom RE engines
1126 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1136 =item Making References
1138 =item Using References
1140 =item Symbolic references
1142 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1144 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1146 =item Function Templates
1156 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1164 =item Format Variables
1174 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1182 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1190 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1192 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1194 =item Invoking a barnyard
1196 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1198 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1200 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1202 =item A few notes about @ISA
1204 =item Overriding the methods
1206 =item Starting the search from a different place
1208 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1210 =item Where we're at so far...
1212 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1214 =item Invoking an instance method
1216 =item Accessing the instance data
1218 =item How to build a horse
1220 =item Inheriting the constructor
1222 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1224 =item Adding parameters to a method
1226 =item More interesting instances
1228 =item A horse of a different color
1240 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1246 =item Creating a Class
1250 =item Object Representation
1252 =item Class Interface
1254 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1256 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1260 =item Other Object Methods
1268 =item Accessing Class Data
1270 =item Debugging Methods
1272 =item Class Destructors
1274 =item Documenting the Interface
1284 =item Overridden Methods
1286 =item Multiple Inheritance
1288 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1292 =item Alternate Object Representations
1296 =item Arrays as Objects
1298 =item Closures as Objects
1302 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1306 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1308 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1312 =item Metaclassical Tools
1318 =item Data Members as Variables
1326 =item Object Terminology
1332 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1338 =item Acknowledgments
1344 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1350 =item Class Data in a Can
1352 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1356 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1358 =item Inheritance Concerns
1360 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1362 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1364 =item Monadic Classes
1366 =item Translucent Attributes
1370 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1374 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1376 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1378 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1380 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1382 =item Translucency Revisited
1390 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1392 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1398 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1406 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1408 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1410 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1412 =item Method Invocation
1414 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1416 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1418 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1424 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1432 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1438 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1440 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1442 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1444 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1446 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1448 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1450 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1452 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1454 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1456 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1462 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1474 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1479 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1480 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1481 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1482 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1487 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1488 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1489 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1491 =item Tying FileHandles
1493 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1494 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1499 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1511 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1512 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1528 =item Using open() for IPC
1534 =item Background Processes
1536 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1538 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1540 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1542 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1546 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1550 =item Internet Line Terminators
1552 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1554 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1558 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1562 =item A Simple Client
1564 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1566 =item A Webget Client
1568 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1572 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1574 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1576 =item UDP: Message Passing
1590 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1600 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1602 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1603 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1604 files, directories and network sockets
1606 =item Resource limits
1608 =item Killing the parent process
1610 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1612 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1614 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1615 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1616 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1628 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1636 =item Storing numbers
1638 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1640 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1642 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1643 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1644 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1653 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1659 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1661 =item Threaded Program Models
1673 =item Native threads
1675 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1677 =item Threadsafe Modules
1683 =item Basic Thread Support
1685 =item Creating Threads
1687 =item Giving up control
1689 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1691 =item Errors In Threads
1693 =item Ignoring A Thread
1697 =item Threads And Data
1701 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1703 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1705 =item Controlling access: lock()
1707 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1709 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1713 =item Threads And Code
1717 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1719 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1721 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1723 =item Subroutine Locks
1727 =item Locking A Subroutine
1731 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1735 =item What Thread Am I In?
1739 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1741 =item What Threads Are Running?
1745 =item A Complete Example
1753 =item Introductory Texts
1755 =item OS-Related References
1757 =item Other References
1761 =item Acknowledgements
1769 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1775 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1784 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1786 =item Files and Filesystems
1788 =item System Interaction
1790 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1792 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1794 =item Standard Modules
1798 =item Character sets and character encoding
1800 =item Internationalisation
1802 =item System Resources
1812 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1813 http://testers.cpan.org/
1821 =item DOS and Derivatives
1829 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1837 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1841 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1843 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1844 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1845 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1846 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1847 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1848 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1849 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1850 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1851 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1852 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1853 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
1854 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
1855 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
1856 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
1857 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
1858 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1859 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1860 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1861 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1862 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1863 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1864 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1865 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1866 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1867 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1873 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
1874 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
1875 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
1876 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
1877 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
1878 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
1880 =item Supported Platforms
1884 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1890 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1897 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1903 =item The use locale pragma
1905 =item The setlocale function
1907 =item Finding locales
1909 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1911 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1913 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1915 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1917 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1919 =item The localeconv function
1923 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1927 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1929 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1931 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1933 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1937 =item Other categories
1945 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1946 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1952 =item Backward compatibility
1954 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1956 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1958 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1960 =item Freely available locale definitions
1964 =item An imperfect standard
1972 =item Broken systems
1982 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
1990 =item Important Caveats
1992 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
1993 to enable a few features
1995 =item Byte and Character semantics
1997 =item Effects of character semantics
1999 =item Character encodings for input and output
2009 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2015 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2023 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2027 =item 13 variant characters
2035 =item Unicode and UTF
2039 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2041 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2043 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2057 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2059 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2061 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2063 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2071 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2073 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2075 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2077 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2081 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2085 =item URL decoding and encoding
2087 =item uu encoding and decoding
2089 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2091 =item Caesarian ciphers
2095 =item Hashing order and checksums
2099 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2111 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2131 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2139 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2141 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2143 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2147 =item Protecting Your Programs
2155 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2167 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2179 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2185 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2189 =item Pragmatic Modules
2191 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2192 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2193 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, unicode::distinct, utf8, vars, warnings,
2196 =item Standard Modules
2198 AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock,
2199 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse,
2200 B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse,
2201 B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie,
2202 CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN,
2203 CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct,
2204 Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode,
2205 Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
2206 ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
2207 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin,
2208 ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2209 ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
2210 ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl,
2211 File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob,
2212 File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc,
2213 File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
2214 File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
2215 FileHandle, Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
2216 I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2,
2217 IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
2218 Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13,
2219 Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2220 Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O,
2221 ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html,
2222 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
2223 Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2224 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe,
2225 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2226 Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2227 Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2228 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2229 Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
2230 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2232 =item Extension Modules
2244 =item Central America
2256 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2260 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2262 Adding a Copyright Notice
2264 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2266 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2274 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2284 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2285 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2299 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2309 =item What should I make into a module?
2311 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2313 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2315 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2317 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2318 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2319 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2321 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2323 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2324 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2334 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2335 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2345 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2347 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2349 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2351 =item What is perl6?
2353 =item How stable is Perl?
2355 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2357 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2360 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2362 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2364 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2366 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2368 =item What is a JAPH?
2370 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2372 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2373 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2377 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2381 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2382 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2390 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2392 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2394 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2396 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2399 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2400 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2402 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2403 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2405 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2407 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2409 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2411 =item Where should I post source code?
2415 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2417 =item Perl in Magazines
2419 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2421 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2423 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2425 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2427 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2429 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2433 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2437 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2446 =item How do I do (anything)?
2448 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2450 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2452 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2454 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2456 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2458 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2460 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2462 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2464 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2465 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2466 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2468 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2470 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2472 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2474 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2476 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2478 =item What is undump?
2480 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2482 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2484 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2486 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2488 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2490 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2492 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2494 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2496 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2498 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2500 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2502 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2504 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2506 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2508 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2509 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2511 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2514 =item What's MakeMaker?
2518 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2522 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2533 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2534 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2536 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2538 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2541 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2543 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2545 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2547 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2549 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2551 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2559 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2561 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2563 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2565 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2567 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2569 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2571 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2579 =item How do I validate input?
2581 =item How do I unescape a string?
2583 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2585 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2587 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2589 =item How do I reverse a string?
2591 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2593 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2595 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2597 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2599 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2602 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2604 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2605 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2607 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2609 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2611 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2613 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2615 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2617 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2619 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2621 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2622 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2631 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2633 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2635 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2639 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
2641 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2642 intersection of two arrays?
2644 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2646 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2648 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2650 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2652 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2654 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2656 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2658 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2660 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2662 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2664 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2668 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2672 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2674 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2677 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2679 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2681 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2683 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2685 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2687 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2689 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2691 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2693 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2695 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2697 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2700 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2701 array of hashes or arrays?
2703 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2711 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2713 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2715 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2717 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2719 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2721 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2723 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2727 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2731 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2740 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2742 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2743 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2745 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2747 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2749 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2751 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2752 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2754 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2756 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2758 =item How can I write() into a string?
2760 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2762 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2764 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2766 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2768 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2770 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2772 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2774 =item How can I lock a file?
2776 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2778 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2779 the file. How can I do this?
2781 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
2782 file. Do I still have to use locking?
2784 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2786 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2788 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2790 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2792 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2794 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2796 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2798 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2800 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2802 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2804 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2806 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2807 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2809 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2811 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2812 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2814 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2816 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2820 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2824 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2832 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2833 and unmaintainable code?
2835 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2837 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2839 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2842 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2844 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2847 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2849 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2851 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2853 =item What is C</o> really for?
2855 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2858 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2860 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2862 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2864 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2866 =item How can I do approximate matching?
2868 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
2870 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
2872 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
2874 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
2876 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
2878 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
2880 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
2882 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
2886 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2890 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
2891 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
2899 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
2901 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
2904 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
2907 =item How do I skip some return values?
2909 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
2911 =item What's an extension?
2913 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
2915 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
2917 =item How do I create a module?
2919 =item How do I create a class?
2921 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
2923 =item What's a closure?
2925 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
2927 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
2930 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
2933 =item How do I create a static variable?
2935 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
2936 Between local() and my()?
2938 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
2941 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
2943 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
2945 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
2947 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
2949 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
2951 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
2953 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
2955 =item How can I find out my current package?
2957 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
2959 =item How do I clear a package?
2961 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
2965 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2969 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2978 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
2980 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
2982 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
2984 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
2986 =item How do I print something out in color?
2988 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
2990 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
2992 =item How do I clear the screen?
2994 =item How do I get the screen size?
2996 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
2998 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3000 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3002 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3004 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3006 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3008 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3010 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3012 =item How do I set the time and date?
3014 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3016 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3018 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3020 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3021 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3023 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3025 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3027 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3029 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3031 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3033 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3035 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3037 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3039 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3041 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3044 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3046 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3048 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3050 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3053 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3054 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3055 changes to be visible?
3059 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3062 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3064 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3066 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3068 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3070 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3072 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3074 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3076 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3078 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3080 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3082 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3084 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3087 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3089 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3093 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3097 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3106 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3109 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3111 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3113 =item How do I extract URLs?
3115 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3116 file on another machine?
3118 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3120 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3122 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3124 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3126 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3128 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3130 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3132 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3133 CGI script to do bad things?
3135 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3137 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3139 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3141 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3143 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3145 =item How do I send mail?
3147 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3149 =item How do I read mail?
3151 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3153 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3155 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3157 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3161 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3165 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3175 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3179 =item Using The Back Ends
3183 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3187 =item The Decompiling Back End
3189 =item The Lint Back End
3191 =item The Simple C Back End
3193 =item The Bytecode Back End
3195 =item The Optimized C Back End
3197 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3198 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3199 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3203 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3209 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3219 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3220 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3224 =item Compiling your C program
3226 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3228 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3230 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3232 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3234 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3236 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3238 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3240 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3245 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3255 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3261 =item Debugger Internals
3265 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3269 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3271 =item Debugging regular expressions
3275 =item Compile-time output
3277 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3278 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3279 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3282 =item Types of nodes
3284 =item Run-time output
3288 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3292 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3294 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3295 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3298 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3300 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3302 =item B<-DL> details
3306 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3314 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3326 =item Version caveat
3328 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3340 =item What has gone on?
3342 =item Writing good test scripts
3346 =item What's new here?
3348 =item Input and Output Parameters
3350 =item The XSUBPP Program
3352 =item The TYPEMAP file
3354 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3358 =item What has happened here?
3360 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3362 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3364 =item More about XSUB arguments
3366 =item The Argument Stack
3368 =item Extending your Extension
3370 =item Documenting your Extension
3372 =item Installing your Extension
3376 =item New Things in this Example
3380 =item New Things in this Example
3382 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3384 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3386 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3388 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3404 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3416 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3418 =item The Argument Stack
3420 =item The RETVAL Variable
3422 =item The MODULE Keyword
3424 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3426 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3428 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3430 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3432 =item The CODE: Keyword
3434 =item The INIT: Keyword
3436 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3438 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3440 =item Default Parameter Values
3442 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3444 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3446 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3448 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3450 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3452 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3454 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3456 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3458 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3460 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3462 =item The POST_CALL: Keyword
3464 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3466 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3468 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3470 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3472 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3474 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3476 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3478 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3480 =item The CASE: Keyword
3482 =item The & Unary Operator
3484 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3486 =item Using XS With C++
3488 =item Interface Strategy
3490 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3504 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3514 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3516 =item File Operations
3518 =item File Input and Output
3520 =item File Positioning
3522 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3524 =item Character Class Tests
3526 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3528 =item Miscellaneous functions
3536 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3548 =item What is an "IV"?
3550 =item Working with SVs
3554 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3556 =item Working with AVs
3558 =item Working with HVs
3560 =item Hash API Extensions
3564 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3566 =item Creating New Variables
3568 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3570 =item Stashes and Globs
3572 =item Double-Typed SVs
3574 =item Magic Variables
3576 =item Assigning Magic
3578 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3582 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3584 =item Localizing changes
3586 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3587 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3588 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3589 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3590 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3591 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3592 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3593 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3594 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3595 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3603 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3605 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3607 =item Memory Allocation
3611 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3615 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3625 =item Examining the tree
3627 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3629 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3631 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3633 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3637 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3639 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3643 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3645 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3647 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3649 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3651 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3655 =item Internal Functions
3657 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3661 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3663 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3665 =item Source Documentation
3669 =item Unicode Support
3673 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3675 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3677 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3679 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3681 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3683 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3693 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3699 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3701 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3703 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3723 =item Determining the Context
3727 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3733 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3735 =item Passing Parameters
3737 =item Returning a Scalar
3739 =item Returning a list of values
3741 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3743 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3747 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3751 =item Using call_argv
3753 =item Using call_method
3757 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3759 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3761 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3762 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3765 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3767 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3779 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3789 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3790 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3791 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3792 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3796 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3800 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3801 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3809 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3819 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3821 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3823 B<Decryption Filters>
3825 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3827 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3829 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3841 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3849 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3850 B<filter_fetch_value>
3856 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3858 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3868 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3874 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
3875 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
3876 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv,
3877 CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS,
3878 dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS,
3879 get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth,
3880 gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY,
3881 G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY,
3882 HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear,
3883 hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
3884 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
3885 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
3886 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
3887 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
3888 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
3889 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
3890 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
3891 newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK,
3892 perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run,
3893 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn,
3894 POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
3895 PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn,
3896 SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE,
3897 strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW,
3898 SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV,
3899 SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp,
3900 SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
3901 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force,
3902 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
3903 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
3904 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV,
3905 SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE,
3906 SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv,
3907 sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg,
3908 sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear,
3909 sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_getcwd,
3910 sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len,
3911 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force,
3912 sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_realpath, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
3913 sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv,
3914 sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
3915 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
3916 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
3917 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags,
3918 sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade,
3919 sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_vcatpvfn,
3920 sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni,
3921 utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr,
3922 utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp,
3923 XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO,
3924 XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO,
3925 XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK,
3934 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3941 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
3942 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, start_glob
3950 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
3960 =item History and Background
3962 =item Layers vs Disciplines
3964 =item Data Structures
3966 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
3967 data for a particular handle
3969 =item Functions and Attributes
3971 =item Per-instance Data
3973 =item Layers in action.
3975 =item Per-instance flag bits
3977 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
3978 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
3979 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
3980 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
3982 =item Methods in Detail
3984 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
3985 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
3986 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
3987 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
3988 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
3989 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
3990 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3991 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3992 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
3993 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
3994 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
3995 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
3996 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
3997 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4001 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4003 =item Extension Layers
4005 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4011 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4019 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4020 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4021 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4022 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4023 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4024 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4025 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4026 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4027 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4028 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4029 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4033 =item Co-existence with stdio
4035 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4036 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4038 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4040 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4041 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4042 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4043 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4045 =item Other Functions
4047 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4048 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4054 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4060 =item To do during 5.6.x
4064 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4066 =item Eliminate need for "use utf8";
4068 =item Autoload byte.pm
4070 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4072 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4074 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4076 =item Unicode case mappings
4078 =item Unicode regular expression character classes
4080 =item use Thread for iThreads
4082 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4084 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4086 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4088 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4090 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4092 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4094 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4096 =item Complete signal handling
4098 =item Out-of-source builds
4100 =item POSIX realtime support
4102 =item UNIX98 support
4106 =item Long double conversion
4110 =item Thread-safe regexes
4112 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4114 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4116 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4118 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4120 =item Custom opcodes
4122 =item spawnvp() on Win32
4124 =item DLL Versioning
4126 =item Introduce @( and @)
4128 =item Floating point handling
4130 =item IV/UV preservation
4132 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4134 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4136 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4138 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4140 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4142 =item Document Win32 choices
4144 =item Check new modules
4146 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4150 =item To do at some point
4154 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4156 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4158 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4160 =item bitfields in pack
4162 =item Cross compilation
4164 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4166 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4168 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4170 =item -i rename file when changed
4172 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4174 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4176 =item my sub foo { }
4178 =item One-pass global destruction
4180 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4182 =item Cache recently used regexps
4184 =item Re-entrant functions
4186 =item Cross-compilation support
4188 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4190 =item debugger pragma
4192 =item use less pragma
4194 =item switch structures
4196 =item Cache eval tree
4200 =item Shrink opcode tables
4202 =item Optimize away @_
4204 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4208 =item Prototype method calls
4210 =item Return context prototype declarations
4214 =item Garbage collection
4218 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4220 =item Rewrite perldoc
4222 =item Install .3p manpages
4224 =item Unicode tutorial
4226 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4228 =item Retargetable installation
4230 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4232 =item Rename Win32 headers
4234 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4236 =item Update sprintf documentation
4238 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4246 =item ref() in list context
4248 =item Make tr/// return histogram
4250 =item Compile to real threaded code
4252 =item Structured types
4254 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4256 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4260 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4262 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4266 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4268 =item Constant function cache
4270 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4278 =item Update guts documentation
4280 =item Add more tests
4282 =item Update auxiliary tools
4286 =item Recently done things
4290 =item Safe signal handling
4296 =item setitimer and getimiter
4298 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4300 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4302 =item Explicit switch statements
4310 =item perlcc to produce executable
4312 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4314 =item Secure temporary file module
4316 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4318 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4320 =item Mmap for input
4322 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4324 =item Add sockatmark support
4326 =item Mailing list archives
4330 =item Integrate MacPerl
4332 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4334 =item Regular expression tutorial
4336 =item Debugging Tutorial
4338 =item Integrate new modules
4340 =item Integrate profiler
4342 =item Y2K error detection
4344 =item Regular expression debugger
4348 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4350 =item Cache precompiled modules
4354 =item Deprecated Wishes
4358 =item Loop control on do{}
4360 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4366 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4368 =item Named prototypes
4370 =item Built-in globbing
4372 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4374 =item Cached hash values
4376 =item Add compression modules
4378 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4380 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4382 =item Make XS easier to use
4384 =item Make embedding easier to use
4388 =item my $Package::variable
4390 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4392 =item "class"-based lexicals
4396 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4402 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4408 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4409 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4410 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4411 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4412 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4413 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4414 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4418 =item Keeping in sync
4420 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4421 NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more
4422 reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point,
4423 Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4425 =item Submitting patches
4427 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4428 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4430 =item Finding Your Way Around
4432 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4434 =item Elements of the interpreter
4436 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4438 =item Internal Variable Types
4444 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4446 =item Millions of Macros
4448 =item Poking at Perl
4450 =item Using a source-level debugger
4452 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4453 finish, 'enter', print
4455 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4461 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4465 =item Rational Software's Purify
4467 =item Purify on Unix
4469 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4473 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4475 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4477 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4479 =item Gprof Profiling
4481 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4483 =item Pixie Profiling
4485 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4490 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4498 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4506 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4518 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4520 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4524 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4528 =head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0
4534 =item Reporting Bugs
4542 =head2 perl572delta, perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
4548 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4550 =item Incompatible Changes
4552 =item Future Deprecations
4554 =item Core Enhancements
4556 =item Modules and Pragmata
4562 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4566 =item Performance Enhancements
4568 =item Utility Changes
4570 =item New Documentation
4572 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4576 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4578 =item Generic Improvements
4582 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4586 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4590 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4592 =item Changed Internals
4596 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
4602 =item Known Problems
4606 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4608 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4610 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4612 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4616 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4618 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4620 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4622 =item Failure of Thread tests
4624 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4626 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4628 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4630 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4634 =item Reporting Bugs
4642 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
4648 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4650 =item Incompatible Changes
4652 =item Core Enhancements
4656 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
4658 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
4660 =item Signals Are Now Safe
4664 =item Modules and Pragmata
4670 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4674 =item Performance Enhancements
4676 =item Utility Changes
4678 =item New Documentation
4694 =item README.solaris
4698 =item Porting/repository.pod
4702 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4706 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4708 =item Generic Improvements
4710 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
4711 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
4712 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
4716 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4720 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4724 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4726 =item Changed Internals
4730 =item Known Problems
4734 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4736 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4738 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4740 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4744 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4746 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4748 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4750 =item Failure of Thread tests
4752 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4754 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4756 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4758 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4762 =item Reporting Bugs
4770 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4776 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4778 =item Incompatible Changes
4780 =item Core Enhancements
4782 =item Modules and Pragmata
4788 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4792 =item Utility Changes
4794 =item New Documentation
4796 =item Performance Enhancements
4798 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4802 =item Generic Improvements
4806 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4810 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4814 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4816 =item Changed Internals
4818 =item Known Problems
4822 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4824 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4826 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4828 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4830 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4832 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4834 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4836 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4838 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4840 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4844 =item Reporting Bugs
4852 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4858 =item Core Enhancements
4862 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4864 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4866 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4868 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4870 =item "our" declarations
4872 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4874 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4876 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4878 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4880 =item open() with more than two arguments
4882 =item 64-bit support
4884 =item Large file support
4890 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4892 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4894 =item File globbing implemented internally
4896 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4898 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4900 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4902 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4904 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4906 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4908 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4910 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4912 =item Comments in pack() templates
4914 =item Weak references
4916 =item Binary numbers supported
4918 =item Lvalue subroutines
4920 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4922 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4924 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4926 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
4928 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
4930 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
4932 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
4934 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
4936 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
4938 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
4940 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
4942 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
4944 =item Improved diagnostics
4946 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
4948 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
4950 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
4952 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
4954 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
4956 =item Improved security features
4958 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
4960 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
4962 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
4964 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
4966 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
4968 =item Optional Y2K warnings
4970 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
4974 =item Modules and Pragmata
4980 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
4981 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
4982 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
4983 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
4984 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
4985 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
4986 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
4987 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
4993 =item Utility Changes
5007 =item The Perl Debugger
5011 =item Improved Documentation
5013 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5014 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5015 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5016 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5018 =item Performance enhancements
5022 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5024 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5026 =item Faster subroutine calls
5028 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5032 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5036 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5038 =item New Configure flags
5040 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5046 =item -Duselargefiles
5048 =item installusrbinperl
5054 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5058 =item Platform specific changes
5062 =item Supported platforms
5066 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5074 =item Significant bug fixes
5078 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5080 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5082 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5084 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5086 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5088 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5090 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5092 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5094 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5096 =item Locale bugs fixed
5100 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5102 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5104 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5106 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5110 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5112 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5113 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5114 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5115 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5116 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5117 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5118 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5119 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5120 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5121 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5122 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5123 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5124 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5125 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5126 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5127 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5128 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5129 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5130 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5131 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5132 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5133 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5134 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5135 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5136 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5137 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5138 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5139 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5140 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5141 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5142 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5143 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5144 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5145 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5146 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5147 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5148 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5149 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5150 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5151 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5152 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5153 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5154 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5155 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5156 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5157 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5158 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5159 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5160 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5161 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5165 =item Incompatible Changes
5169 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5171 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5172 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5173 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5174 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5175 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5176 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5177 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5178 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5179 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5180 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5181 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5183 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5185 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5187 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5189 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5191 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5195 =item Known Problems
5199 =item Thread test failures
5201 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5203 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5205 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5207 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5210 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5212 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5214 =item Experimental features
5216 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5217 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5218 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5222 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5224 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5225 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5226 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5227 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5229 =item Reporting Bugs
5237 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5243 =item About the new versioning system
5245 =item Incompatible Changes
5249 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5251 =item Default installation structure has changed
5253 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5255 =item C Source Compatibility
5257 =item Binary Compatibility
5259 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5261 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5275 =item Regular Expressions
5277 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5278 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5279 improvements, Incompatible changes
5281 =item Improved malloc()
5283 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5285 =item Reliable signals
5287 =item Reliable stack pointers
5289 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5293 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5295 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5297 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5299 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5301 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5303 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5305 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5307 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5309 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5311 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5313 =item Better locale support
5315 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5317 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5319 =item Extended support for exception handling
5321 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5323 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5325 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5327 =item New C<lock> keyword
5329 =item New C<qr//> operator
5331 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5333 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5335 =item Tied handles support is better
5337 =item 4th argument to substr
5339 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5341 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5343 =item <> now reads in records
5347 =item Supported Platforms
5353 =item Changes in existing support
5357 =item Modules and Pragmata
5363 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5364 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5365 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5367 =item Changes in existing modules
5369 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5370 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5374 =item Utility Changes
5376 =item Documentation Changes
5378 =item New Diagnostics
5380 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5381 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5382 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5383 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5384 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5385 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5386 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5387 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5388 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5389 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5390 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5391 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5392 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5393 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5394 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5395 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5396 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5398 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5400 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5401 temporary file, regexp too big
5403 =item Configuration Changes
5413 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5419 =item Supported Environments
5425 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5427 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5429 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5431 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5433 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5435 =item More precise warnings
5437 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5439 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5441 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5443 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5445 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5447 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5449 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5451 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5453 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5455 =item Changes to tainting checks
5457 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5458 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5460 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5462 =item Embedding improvements
5464 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5466 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5468 =item New and changed syntax
5472 =item New and changed builtin constants
5476 =item New and changed builtin variables
5480 =item New and changed builtin functions
5482 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5483 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5484 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5485 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5486 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5488 =item New builtin methods
5490 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5492 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5494 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5495 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5497 =item Malloc enhancements
5499 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5501 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5505 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5521 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5522 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5528 =item Required Updates
5530 =item Installation directories
5532 =item Module information summary
5546 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5550 =item Utility Changes
5556 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5560 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5564 =item C Language API Changes
5566 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5569 =item Documentation Changes
5571 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5572 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5574 =item New Diagnostics
5576 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5577 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5578 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5579 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5580 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5581 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5582 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5583 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5584 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5585 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5586 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5587 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5588 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5589 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5590 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5591 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5592 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5593 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5594 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5595 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5596 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5597 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5598 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5599 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5600 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5610 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5618 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5622 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5624 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5626 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5628 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5634 =item GDBM and Threads
5636 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5646 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5662 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5664 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5666 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5668 fork(), some features of the UNIX filesystem regarding link count and file
5669 dates, inplace operation (the -i switch) without backup file, umask()
5670 works, but the correct permissions are only set when the file is
5677 =item Accessing documentation
5685 =item B<GNU> C<info> files
5695 =item Build Prerequisites
5697 =item Getting the perl source
5703 =item Installing the built perl
5713 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
5735 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell
5737 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
5739 =item Floating point anomalies
5757 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5767 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5769 =item Cygwin Configuration
5771 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5779 =item Strip Binaries
5781 =item Optional Libraries
5783 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5784 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5786 =item Configure-time Options
5788 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5789 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5791 =item Suspicious Warnings
5793 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5811 =item File Permissions
5815 =item Filetime Granularity
5817 =item Tainting Checks
5821 =item Script Portability
5823 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5831 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5832 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5842 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
5858 =item Non-threaded Case
5864 =item Installing the built perl
5874 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
5882 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
5884 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
5886 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
5888 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
5892 =item I/O Redirection
5902 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
5906 =item SUPPORT STATUS
5914 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
5923 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
5933 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
5935 =item Itanium Processor Family
5937 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
5939 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
5941 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5947 =item GDBM and Threads
5949 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5951 =item perl -P and //
5953 =item Kernel parameters (maxdsiz)
5963 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
5972 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
5974 =item Failures during C<make test>
5976 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
5978 =item Building external modules
5988 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
6002 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
6014 =item System Requirements
6016 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
6018 =item Distribution Contents Highlights
6020 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
6021 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
6023 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
6027 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
6029 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
6031 =item Known Bugs Under Investigation
6035 =item Change History
6041 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
6061 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
6063 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
6065 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
6069 =item Frequently asked questions
6073 =item "It does not work"
6075 =item I cannot run external programs
6077 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
6080 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
6083 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
6085 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
6093 =item Automatic binary installation
6095 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
6097 =item Manual binary installation
6099 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
6100 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
6101 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
6102 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
6103 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
6109 =item Accessing documentation
6113 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
6121 =item GNU C<info> files
6133 =item The short story
6137 =item Getting perl source
6139 =item Application of the patches
6147 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
6150 =item Installing the built perl
6152 =item C<a.out>-style build
6160 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
6162 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
6164 =item Problems with tr or sed
6166 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
6168 =item Library ... not found
6170 =item Segfault in make
6172 =item op/sprintf test failure
6176 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
6180 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
6184 =item C<extproc> on the first line
6186 =item Additional modules:
6188 =item Prebuilt methods:
6190 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
6191 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
6192 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
6193 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
6194 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
6195 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
6196 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
6197 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
6198 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
6199 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
6200 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
6202 =item Prebuilt variables:
6204 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
6210 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
6213 =item Identifying DLLs
6215 =item Centralized management of resources
6231 =item F<perl___.exe>
6233 =item Why strange names?
6235 =item Why dynamic linking?
6237 =item Why chimera build?
6245 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6247 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6249 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6251 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6253 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6255 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6265 =item DLL name mangling
6269 =item Calls to external programs
6271 =item Memory allocation
6275 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6289 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6301 =item Setup and utilities
6305 =item Build, test, install
6307 =item build anomalies
6309 =item testing anomalies
6311 =item installation anomalies
6315 =item Floating point anomalies
6317 =item Modules and Extensions
6335 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6343 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6349 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6355 =item File Extraction Problems.
6357 =item Compiler and Related Tools.
6363 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6367 =item 64-bit Issues.
6371 =item Malloc Issues.
6375 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6377 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6378 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6379 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6385 =item op/stat.t test 4
6389 =item PREBUILT BINARIES.
6391 =item RUNTIME ISSUES.
6395 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files.
6399 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6401 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6405 =item Proc::ProcessTable
6419 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
6420 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
6428 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
6430 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
6432 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
6434 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
6436 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
6440 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
6446 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6458 =item Setup and utilities
6462 =item testing anomalies
6480 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6488 =item Organization of Perl Images
6494 =item Perl Extensions
6496 =item Installing static extensions
6498 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6502 =item File specifications
6508 =item Wildcard expansion
6514 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6520 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6522 =item Command line switches
6528 =item Perl functions
6530 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6531 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6532 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6533 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6535 =item Perl variables
6537 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $|
6539 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6553 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6561 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6565 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6569 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6571 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6575 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6579 =item Unimplemented Features
6585 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6593 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6595 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6607 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6617 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6627 =item Built-in Attributes
6629 locked, method, lvalue
6631 =item Available Subroutines
6635 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6637 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6639 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6647 =item Default exports
6649 =item Available exports
6651 =item Export tags defined
6661 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6673 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6689 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6703 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6717 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6730 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6739 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6745 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
6755 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
6765 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
6776 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
6778 =item The I<splain> Program
6792 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
6806 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
6816 =item subpragma access
6822 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
6833 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
6843 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
6853 =item Adding directories to @INC
6855 =item Deleting directories from @INC
6857 =item Restoring original @INC
6867 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
6878 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
6886 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
6888 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
6894 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
6906 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
6916 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
6918 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
6920 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
6922 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
6924 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
6926 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
6928 =item Overloadable Operations
6930 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
6931 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
6932 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
6934 =item Inheritance and overloading
6936 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
6937 is inherited by derived classes
6941 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
6949 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
6951 =item Copy Constructor
6957 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
6959 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
6960 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
6961 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
6964 =item Losing overloading
6966 =item Run-time Overloading
6968 =item Public functions
6970 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
6972 =item Overloading constants
6974 integer, float, binary, q, qr
6976 =item IMPLEMENTATION
6978 =item Metaphor clash
6984 =item Two-face scalars
6986 =item Two-face references
6988 =item Symbolic calculator
6990 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
6998 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
6999 type, `%s' is not a code reference
7005 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7015 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
7027 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
7029 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
7033 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
7037 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
7045 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
7053 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
7057 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
7067 =head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data
7080 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
7091 =item Utility functions
7093 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
7094 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
7102 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
7112 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
7120 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
7121 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
7122 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
7123 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
7124 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
7128 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
7130 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
7132 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
7142 =item DBM Comparisons
7152 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
7162 =item Subroutine Stubs
7164 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7166 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7168 =item Package Lexicals
7170 =item Not Using AutoLoader
7172 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
7182 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
7190 $keep, $check, $modtime
7194 =item Multiple packages
7202 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
7210 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
7214 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
7222 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
7236 =item B::PVMG METHODS
7240 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
7242 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
7244 =item B::PVLV METHODS
7246 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
7250 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
7254 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
7255 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
7259 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
7260 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
7264 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
7268 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
7273 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
7275 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
7279 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
7281 =item B::UNOP METHOD
7285 =item B::BINOP METHOD
7289 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
7293 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
7297 =item B::PMOP METHODS
7299 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
7301 =item B::SVOP METHOD
7305 =item B::PADOP METHOD
7309 =item B::PVOP METHOD
7313 =item B::LOOP METHODS
7315 redoop, nextop, lastop
7317 =item B::COP METHODS
7319 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
7323 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
7325 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
7326 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
7327 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
7328 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
7335 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
7348 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
7360 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7372 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7382 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7383 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7384 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7394 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7404 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7405 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7415 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7425 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7426 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7427 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7439 =item Context of ".."
7443 =item Deprecated features
7451 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
7461 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
7462 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
7463 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
7465 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
7467 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
7468 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
7469 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
7470 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
7471 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
7472 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
7473 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7474 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
7480 =item OP flags abbreviations
7482 =item OP class abbreviations
7486 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
7492 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7504 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7514 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7515 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
7517 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7527 =item ambient_pragmas
7529 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
7541 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7553 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7561 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7563 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7564 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7566 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7576 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7586 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7592 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7604 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7616 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7618 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7630 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7640 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7648 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7660 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7674 =item Standard Exports
7676 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7677 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7678 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7680 =item Optional Exports
7682 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7683 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7684 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7700 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7704 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7718 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7728 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7729 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7730 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7740 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
7752 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
7754 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
7756 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
7758 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
7760 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
7762 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
7764 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
7766 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
7768 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
7770 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
7772 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
7774 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
7776 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
7778 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
7780 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
7782 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
7784 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
7786 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
7787 B<:standard>, B<:all>
7791 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
7792 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
7795 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
7797 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
7798 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
7803 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
7807 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
7809 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
7811 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
7813 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
7815 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
7817 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
7819 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
7821 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
7822 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
7824 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
7828 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
7832 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
7834 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
7836 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
7838 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
7840 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
7842 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
7843 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
7845 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
7849 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
7853 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
7855 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
7857 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
7859 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
7863 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
7865 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
7867 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
7871 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
7873 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
7877 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
7881 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
7885 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
7889 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
7893 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
7895 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
7897 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
7901 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
7905 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
7911 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
7912 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
7914 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
7916 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
7917 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
7920 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
7926 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
7930 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
7932 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
7933 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
7934 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
7935 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
7936 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
7938 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
7940 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
7945 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
7947 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
7949 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
7950 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
7952 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
7954 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7958 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
7959 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
7960 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
7961 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
7962 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
7963 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
7964 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
7965 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
7966 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
7967 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
7968 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
7969 ...and many many more..
7971 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
7979 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
7989 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
7997 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
8006 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
8008 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
8012 =item Changing the default message
8016 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
8026 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
8034 =item USING CGI::Cookie
8036 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
8040 =item Creating New Cookies
8042 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
8044 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
8046 =item Manipulating Cookies
8048 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
8052 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8060 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
8068 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
8070 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
8072 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
8074 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
8078 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8086 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
8096 =item Tags that won't be formatted
8098 =item Customizing the Indenting
8110 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
8118 =item USING CGI::Push
8120 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
8124 =item Heterogeneous Pages
8126 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
8130 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
8132 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8140 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
8150 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8158 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
8166 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8172 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
8182 =item Interactive Mode
8184 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
8185 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
8186 distribution, ls author, Signals
8194 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
8196 =item Programmer's interface
8198 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
8200 =item Methods in the other Classes
8202 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
8203 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
8204 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
8205 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
8206 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
8207 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
8208 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
8209 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
8210 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
8211 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
8212 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
8213 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
8214 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
8215 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
8216 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
8217 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
8218 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
8219 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
8220 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
8221 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
8222 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
8223 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
8224 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
8225 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
8226 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
8227 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
8235 =item Finding packages and VERSION
8239 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
8245 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
8246 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
8247 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
8248 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
8252 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
8254 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
8262 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
8264 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
8268 =item Three basic types of firewalls
8270 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
8272 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
8278 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
8290 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
8300 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
8313 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
8323 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
8331 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
8333 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
8343 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
8344 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
8345 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
8347 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
8355 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
8365 =item The C<struct()> function
8367 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
8369 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
8371 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
8372 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
8374 =item Initializing with C<new>
8380 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
8382 =item Author and Modification History
8386 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
8394 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8406 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8410 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
8411 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
8412 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
8417 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8418 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8422 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8423 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8424 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8425 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
8426 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
8427 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crosscompile>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
8431 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8432 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8433 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8434 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8435 C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>,
8436 C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>,
8437 C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>,
8438 C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>,
8439 C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>,
8440 C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>,
8441 C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
8442 C<d_fork>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
8443 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
8444 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
8445 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>,
8446 C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>,
8447 C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>,
8448 C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>,
8449 C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>,
8450 C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>,
8451 C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>,
8452 C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>,
8453 C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
8454 C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>,
8455 C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>,
8456 C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>,
8457 C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>,
8458 C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>,
8459 C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>,
8460 C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>,
8461 C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>,
8462 C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>,
8463 C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>,
8464 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>,
8465 C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
8466 C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
8467 C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
8468 C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
8469 C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
8470 C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
8471 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
8472 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>,
8473 C<d_readv>, C<d_realpath>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>,
8474 C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>,
8475 C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>,
8476 C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
8477 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>,
8478 C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>,
8479 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>,
8480 C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>,
8481 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
8482 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>,
8483 C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>,
8484 C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>,
8485 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>,
8486 C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_sresuproto>,
8487 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
8488 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
8489 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
8490 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
8491 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>,
8492 C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>,
8493 C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>,
8494 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
8495 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
8496 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
8497 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
8498 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
8499 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
8500 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
8501 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
8502 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
8503 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8507 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8508 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
8512 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8513 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>, C<full_sed>
8517 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8518 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8522 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8526 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8527 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8528 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
8529 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_libutil>,
8530 C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>,
8531 C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
8532 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
8533 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
8534 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
8535 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
8536 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
8537 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
8538 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
8539 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
8540 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
8541 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
8542 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
8543 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8544 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8545 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8546 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
8547 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
8548 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
8553 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8557 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8558 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8559 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8560 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8561 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8562 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8566 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8567 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8568 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8572 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8573 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8577 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8578 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8579 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8580 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8584 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8585 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8589 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8590 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
8594 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8595 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8596 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8597 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8601 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8605 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8606 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<runnm>
8610 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8611 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8612 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8613 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
8614 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
8615 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
8616 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
8617 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
8618 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
8619 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
8620 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
8621 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
8622 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
8623 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8627 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>, C<timetype>,
8628 C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8632 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8633 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8634 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8635 C<use64bitint>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>,
8636 C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>,
8637 C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usesfio>,
8638 C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>,
8639 C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>,
8640 C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8644 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8645 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8646 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8650 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8654 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
8666 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
8676 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8688 =item Global Variables
8690 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8691 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8696 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8697 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8699 =item Client Callback Methods
8701 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8702 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8703 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8713 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
8721 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
8725 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
8727 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
8729 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
8731 =item Default Parameters
8733 =item In Memory Databases
8741 =item A Simple Example
8749 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
8751 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
8753 =item The get_dup() Method
8755 =item The find_dup() Method
8757 =item The del_dup() Method
8759 =item Matching Partial Keys
8767 =item The 'bval' Option
8769 =item A Simple Example
8771 =item Extra RECNO Methods
8773 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
8774 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
8777 =item Another Example
8781 =item THE API INTERFACE
8783 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
8784 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
8785 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
8786 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
8790 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
8791 B<filter_fetch_value>
8797 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
8799 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
8803 =item HINTS AND TIPS
8807 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
8809 =item Safe ways to lock a database
8811 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
8813 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
8815 =item The untie() Gotcha
8819 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
8823 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
8825 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
8827 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
8829 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
8849 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
8850 printing and C<eval>
8862 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
8863 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
8864 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
8871 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
8873 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8874 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8875 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8876 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8877 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8878 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8879 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8880 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8881 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8882 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8883 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
8884 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
8904 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
8912 =item PROFILE FORMAT
8924 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
8934 =item Memory footprint debugging
8942 =item A simple scalar string
8944 =item A simple scalar number
8946 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
8948 =item A reference to a simple scalar
8950 =item A reference to an array
8952 =item A reference to a hash
8954 =item Dumping a large array or hash
8956 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
8958 =item A reference to a subroutine
8972 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
8982 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
8990 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
8994 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
8995 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
8996 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
9004 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
9014 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
9018 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
9019 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
9031 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
9041 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
9053 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
9054 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
9055 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
9060 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
9061 veryCompact, set, get
9067 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
9075 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
9076 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
9077 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
9078 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
9085 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
9098 =head2 Encode - character encodings
9116 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
9118 =item Types of Encodings
9120 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
9121 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
9123 =item Specifying Encodings
9125 1. By name, 2. As an object
9127 =item Encoding Names
9129 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
9130 The name used by the the organization that defined it
9134 =item PERL ENCODING API
9138 =item Generic Encoding Interface
9140 =item Handling Malformed Data
9142 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
9146 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
9148 =item Listing available encodings
9150 =item Defining Aliases
9152 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
9155 =item Defining Encodings
9159 =item Encoding and IO
9161 =item Encoding How to ...
9163 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
9164 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
9166 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
9168 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
9170 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
9172 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
9173 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
9177 =item Compiled Encodings
9179 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
9180 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
9188 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
9189 of the Encode extension
9195 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9203 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
9205 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
9211 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9219 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
9232 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
9247 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
9263 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
9275 =item Selecting What To Export
9277 =item Specialised Import Lists
9279 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
9281 =item Module Version Checking
9283 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
9285 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
9291 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
9301 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
9322 mv source... destination
9324 cp source... destination
9342 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
9362 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
9364 return_clause VALUE, TYPE, INDENT, MACRO
9368 C_constant SUBNAME, DEFAULT_TYPE, TYPES, INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEM.., name,
9371 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9373 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION
9381 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
9393 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
9394 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
9404 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
9414 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
9426 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
9427 packlist(), version()
9435 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
9443 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
9449 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
9459 =item VMS implementation
9461 =item Win32 implementation
9469 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9478 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
9482 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9497 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
9509 =item Preloaded methods
9529 =item SelfLoaded methods
9575 file_name_is_absolute
9581 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
9621 maybe_command_in_dirs
9659 replace_manpage_separator
9673 test_via_harness (o)
9705 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9716 =item Methods always loaded
9728 =item SelfLoaded methods
9730 guess_name (override)
9734 find_perl (override)
9738 maybe_command (override)
9740 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
9742 perl_script (override)
9744 file_name_is_absolute (override)
9746 replace_manpage_separator
9748 init_others (override)
9750 constants (override)
9754 const_cccmd (override)
9756 pm_to_blib (override)
9758 tool_autosplit (override)
9760 tool_sxubpp (override)
9762 xsubpp_version (override)
9764 tools_other (override)
9774 top_targets (override)
9778 dynamic_lib (override)
9780 dynamic_bs (override)
9782 static_lib (override)
9784 manifypods (override)
9786 processPL (override)
9788 installbin (override)
9794 realclean (override)
9796 dist_basics (override)
9798 dist_core (override)
9802 dist_test (override)
9806 perldepend (override)
9812 test_via_harness (override)
9814 test_via_script (override)
9816 makeaperl (override)
9820 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9847 test_via_harness (o)
9849 tool_autosplit (override)
9867 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
9877 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
9879 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
9887 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
9891 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
9893 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
9895 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
9897 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
9899 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
9900 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
9901 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
9902 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
9903 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
9904 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
9905 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
9906 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
9907 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
9908 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
9909 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
9910 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
9911 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
9912 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION,
9913 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
9915 =item Additional lowercase attributes
9917 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
9920 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
9922 =item Hintsfile support
9924 =item Distribution Support
9926 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
9927 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
9928 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
9930 =item Disabling an extension
9944 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
9956 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
9960 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
9961 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
9965 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
9973 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
9985 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
9995 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
10004 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
10012 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
10024 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
10032 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
10042 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
10054 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
10064 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
10068 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
10076 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
10080 C<basename>, C<dirname>
10084 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
10094 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
10108 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
10118 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
10120 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
10130 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
10138 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
10150 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
10158 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
10159 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>,
10160 C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
10166 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
10174 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
10175 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
10176 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
10180 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
10188 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
10200 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
10214 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
10248 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
10266 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
10294 file_name_is_absolute
10314 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
10324 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
10356 file_name_is_absolute
10378 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
10394 =item Methods always loaded
10396 canonpath (override)
10414 case_tolerant (override)
10418 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10420 splitpath (override)
10422 splitdir (override)
10436 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
10466 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
10490 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
10504 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
10514 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
10522 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
10530 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
10532 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
10544 =item Temporary files and NFS
10556 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
10570 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
10582 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
10590 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
10596 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
10610 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
10612 =item All-in-one interface
10624 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
10634 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
10638 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
10640 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
10648 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
10650 =item Example 2: Using the context
10652 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
10654 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
10658 =item Filter::Simple
10666 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
10674 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
10684 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
10700 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
10708 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
10710 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
10714 =item Simple options
10716 =item A little bit less simple options
10718 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
10720 =item Options with values
10722 =item Options with multiple values
10724 =item Options with hash values
10726 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
10728 =item Options with multiple names
10730 =item Case and abbreviations
10732 =item Summary of Option Specifications
10734 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
10738 =item Advanced Possibilities
10742 =item Object oriented interface
10744 =item Documentation and help texts
10746 =item Storing options in a hash
10750 =item The lonesome dash
10752 =item Argument call-back
10756 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
10758 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
10759 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
10760 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
10761 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
10762 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
10764 =item Return values and Errors
10770 =item Default destinations
10772 =item Alternative option starters
10774 =item Configuration variables
10778 =item Trouble Shooting
10782 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
10784 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
10791 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
10795 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
10806 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
10817 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
10828 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
10830 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
10832 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
10834 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
10836 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
10838 the function super_languages($lang1)
10840 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
10842 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
10844 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
10848 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
10850 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
10860 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List, I18n::LangTags::List -- list of tags for human
10867 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
10869 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
10871 I<{ab}> : Abkhazian, I<{ace}> : Achinese, I<{ach}> : Acoli, I<{ada}> :
10872 Adangme, I<{aa}> : Afar, I<{afh}> : Afrihili, I<{af}> : Afrikaans,
10873 [I<{afa}> : Afro-Asiatic (Other)], I<{aka}> : Akan, I<{akk}> : Akkadian,
10874 I<{sq}> : Albanian, I<{ale}> : Aleut, [I<{alg}> : Algonquian languages],
10875 [I<{tut}> : Altaic (Other)], I<{am}> : Amharic, I<{i-ami}> : Ami, [I<{apa}>
10876 : Apache languages], I<{ar}> : Arabic, I<{arc}> : Aramaic, I<{arp}> :
10877 Arapaho, I<{arn}> : Araucanian, I<{arw}> : Arawak, I<{hy}> : Armenian,
10878 [I<{art}> : Artificial (Other)], I<{as}> : Assamese, [I<{ath}> : Athapascan
10879 languages], [I<{aus}> : Australian languages], [I<{map}> : Austronesian
10880 (Other)], I<{ava}> : Avaric, I<{ae}> : Avestan, I<{awa}> : Awadhi, I<{ay}>
10881 : Aymara, I<{az}> : Azerbaijani, I<{ban}> : Balinese, [I<{bat}> : Baltic
10882 (Other)], I<{bal}> : Baluchi, I<{bam}> : Bambara, [I<{bai}> : Bamileke
10883 languages], I<{bad}> : Banda, [I<{bnt}> : Bantu (Other)], I<{bas}> : Basa,
10884 I<{ba}> : Bashkir, I<{eu}> : Basque, I<{btk}> : Batak (Indonesia), I<{bej}>
10885 : Beja, I<{be}> : Belarusian, I<{bem}> : Bemba, I<{bn}> : Bengali,
10886 [I<{ber}> : Berber (Other)], I<{bho}> : Bhojpuri, I<{bh}> : Bihari,
10887 I<{bik}> : Bikol, I<{bin}> : Bini, I<{bi}> : Bislama, I<{bs}> : Bosnian,
10888 I<{bra}> : Braj, I<{br}> : Breton, I<{bug}> : Buginese, I<{bg}> :
10889 Bulgarian, I<{i-bnn}> : Bunun, I<{bua}> : Buriat, I<{my}> : Burmese,
10890 I<{cad}> : Caddo, I<{car}> : Carib, I<{ca}> : Catalan, [I<{cau}> :
10891 Caucasian (Other)], I<{ceb}> : Cebuano, [I<{cel}> : Celtic (Other)],
10892 [I<{cai}> : Central American Indian (Other)], I<{chg}> : Chagatai,
10893 [I<{cmc}> : Chamic languages], I<{ch}> : Chamorro, I<{ce}> : Chechen,
10894 I<{chr}> : Cherokee, I<{chy}> : Cheyenne, I<{chb}> : Chibcha, I<{ny}> :
10895 Chichewa, I<{zh}> : Chinese, I<{chn}> : Chinook Jargon, I<{chp}> :
10896 Chipewyan, I<{cho}> : Choctaw, I<{cu}> : Church Slavic, I<{chk}> :
10897 Chuukese, I<{cv}> : Chuvash, I<{cop}> : Coptic, I<{kw}> : Cornish, I<{co}>
10898 : Corsican, I<{cre}> : Cree, I<{mus}> : Creek, [I<{cpe}> : English-based
10899 Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [I<{cpf}> : French-based Creoles and pidgins
10900 (Other)], [I<{cpp}> : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
10901 [I<{crp}> : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], I<{hr}> : Croatian, [I<{cus}> :
10902 Cushitic (Other)], I<{cs}> : Czech, I<{dak}> : Dakota, I<{da}> : Danish,
10903 I<{day}> : Dayak, I<{i-default}> : Default (Fallthru) Language, I<{del}> :
10904 Delaware, I<{din}> : Dinka, I<{div}> : Divehi, I<{doi}> : Dogri, I<{dgr}> :
10905 Dogrib, [I<{dra}> : Dravidian (Other)], I<{dua}> : Duala, I<{nl}> : Dutch,
10906 I<{dum}> : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), I<{dyu}> : Dyula, I<{dz}> :
10907 Dzongkha, I<{efi}> : Efik, I<{egy}> : Ancient Egyptian, I<{eka}> : Ekajuk,
10908 I<{elx}> : Elamite, I<{en}> : English, I<{enm}> : Old English (1100-1500),
10909 I<{ang}> : Old English (ca.450-1100), I<{eo}> : Esperanto, I<{et}> :
10910 Estonian, I<{ewe}> : Ewe, I<{ewo}> : Ewondo, I<{fan}> : Fang, I<{fat}> :
10911 Fanti, I<{fo}> : Faroese, I<{fj}> : Fijian, I<{fi}> : Finnish, [I<{fiu}> :
10912 Finno-Ugrian (Other)], I<{fon}> : Fon, I<{fr}> : French, I<{frm}> : Middle
10913 French (ca.1400-1600), I<{fro}> : Old French (842-ca.1400), I<{fy}> :
10914 Frisian, I<{fur}> : Friulian, I<{ful}> : Fulah, I<{gaa}> : Ga, I<{gd}> :
10915 Scots Gaelic, I<{gl}> : Gallegan, I<{lug}> : Ganda, I<{gay}> : Gayo,
10916 I<{gba}> : Gbaya, I<{gez}> : Geez, I<{ka}> : Georgian, I<{de}> : German,
10917 I<{gmh}> : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), I<{goh}> : Old High German
10918 (ca.750-1050), [I<{gem}> : Germanic (Other)], I<{gil}> : Gilbertese,
10919 I<{gon}> : Gondi, I<{gor}> : Gorontalo, I<{got}> : Gothic, I<{grb}> :
10920 Grebo, I<{grc}> : Ancient Greek (to 1453), I<{el}> : Modern Greek (1453-),
10921 I<{gn}> : Guarani, I<{gu}> : Gujarati, I<{gwi}> : Gwich'in, I<{hai}> :
10922 Haida, I<{ha}> : Hausa, I<{haw}> : Hawaiian, I<{he}> : Hebrew, I<{hz}> :
10923 Herero, I<{hil}> : Hiligaynon, I<{him}> : Himachali, I<{hi}> : Hindi,
10924 I<{ho}> : Hiri Motu, I<{hit}> : Hittite, I<{hmn}> : Hmong, I<{hu}> :
10925 Hungarian, I<{hup}> : Hupa, I<{iba}> : Iban, I<{is}> : Icelandic, I<{ibo}>
10926 : Igbo, I<{ijo}> : Ijo, I<{ilo}> : Iloko, [I<{inc}> : Indic (Other)],
10927 [I<{ine}> : Indo-European (Other)], I<{id}> : Indonesian, I<{ia}> :
10928 Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association), I<{ie}> :
10929 Interlingue, I<{iu}> : Inuktitut, I<{ik}> : Inupiaq, [I<{ira}> : Iranian
10930 (Other)], I<{ga}> : Irish, I<{mga}> : Middle Irish (900-1200), I<{sga}> :
10931 Old Irish (to 900), [I<{iro}> : Iroquoian languages], I<{it}> : Italian,
10932 I<{ja}> : Japanese, I<{jw}> : Javanese, I<{jrb}> : Judeo-Arabic, I<{jpr}> :
10933 Judeo-Persian, I<{kab}> : Kabyle, I<{kac}> : Kachin, I<{kl}> : Kalaallisut,
10934 I<{kam}> : Kamba, I<{kn}> : Kannada, I<{kau}> : Kanuri, I<{kaa}> :
10935 Kara-Kalpak, I<{kar}> : Karen, I<{ks}> : Kashmiri, I<{kaw}> : Kawi, I<{kk}>
10936 : Kazakh, I<{kha}> : Khasi, I<{km}> : Khmer, [I<{khi}> : Khoisan (Other)],
10937 I<{kho}> : Khotanese, I<{ki}> : Kikuyu, I<{kmb}> : Kimbundu, I<{rw}> :
10938 Kinyarwanda, I<{ky}> : Kirghiz, I<{i-klingon}> : Klingon, I<{kv}> : Komi,
10939 I<{kon}> : Kongo, I<{kok}> : Konkani, I<{ko}> : Korean, I<{kos}> :
10940 Kosraean, I<{kpe}> : Kpelle, I<{kro}> : Kru, I<{kj}> : Kuanyama, I<{kum}> :
10941 Kumyk, I<{ku}> : Kurdish, I<{kru}> : Kurukh, I<{kut}> : Kutenai, I<{lad}> :
10942 Ladino, I<{lah}> : Lahnda, I<{lam}> : Lamba, I<{lo}> : Lao, I<{la}> :
10943 Latin, I<{lv}> : Latvian, I<{lb}> : Letzeburgesch, I<{lez}> : Lezghian,
10944 I<{ln}> : Lingala, I<{lt}> : Lithuanian, I<{nds}> : Low German, I<{loz}> :
10945 Lozi, I<{lub}> : Luba-Katanga, I<{lua}> : Luba-Lulua, I<{lui}> : Luiseno,
10946 I<{lun}> : Lunda, I<{luo}> : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), I<{lus}> : Lushai,
10947 I<{mk}> : Macedonian, I<{mad}> : Madurese, I<{mag}> : Magahi, I<{mai}> :
10948 Maithili, I<{mak}> : Makasar, I<{mg}> : Malagasy, I<{ms}> : Malay, I<{ml}>
10949 : Malayalam, I<{mt}> : Maltese, I<{mnc}> : Manchu, I<{mdr}> : Mandar,
10950 I<{man}> : Mandingo, I<{mni}> : Manipuri, [I<{mno}> : Manobo languages],
10951 I<{gv}> : Manx, I<{mi}> : Maori, I<{mr}> : Marathi, I<{chm}> : Mari,
10952 I<{mh}> : Marshall, I<{mwr}> : Marwari, I<{mas}> : Masai, [I<{myn}> : Mayan
10953 languages], I<{men}> : Mende, I<{mic}> : Micmac, I<{min}> : Minangkabau,
10954 I<{i-mingo}> : Mingo, [I<{mis}> : Miscellaneous languages], I<{moh}> :
10955 Mohawk, I<{mo}> : Moldavian, [I<{mkh}> : Mon-Khmer (Other)], I<{lol}> :
10956 Mongo, I<{mn}> : Mongolian, I<{mos}> : Mossi, [I<{mul}> : Multiple
10957 languages], [I<{mun}> : Munda languages], I<{nah}> : Nahuatl, I<{na}> :
10958 Nauru, I<{nv}> : Navajo, I<{nd}> : North Ndebele, I<{nr}> : South Ndebele,
10959 I<{ng}> : Ndonga, I<{ne}> : Nepali, I<{new}> : Newari, I<{nia}> : Nias,
10960 [I<{nic}> : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [I<{ssa}> : Nilo-Saharan (Other)],
10961 I<{niu}> : Niuean, I<{non}> : Old Norse, [I<{nai}> : North American
10962 Indian], I<{se}> : Northern Sami, I<{no}> : Norwegian, I<{nb}> : Norwegian
10963 BokmE<aring>l, I<{nn}> : Norwegian Nynorsk, [I<{nub}> : Nubian languages],
10964 I<{nym}> : Nyamwezi, I<{nyn}> : Nyankole, I<{nyo}> : Nyoro, I<{nzi}> :
10965 Nzima, I<{oc}> : Occitan (post 1500), I<{oji}> : Ojibwa, I<{or}> : Oriya,
10966 I<{om}> : Oromo, I<{osa}> : Osage, I<{os}> : Ossetian; Ossetic, [I<{oto}> :
10967 Otomian languages], I<{pal}> : Pahlavi, I<{i-pwn}> : Paiwan, I<{pau}> :
10968 Palauan, I<{pi}> : Pali, I<{pam}> : Pampanga, I<{pag}> : Pangasinan,
10969 I<{pa}> : Panjabi, I<{pap}> : Papiamento, [I<{paa}> : Papuan (Other)],
10970 I<{fa}> : Persian, I<{peo}> : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.), [I<{phi}> :
10971 Philippine (Other)], I<{phn}> : Phoenician, I<{pon}> : Pohnpeian, I<{pl}> :
10972 Polish, I<{pt}> : Portuguese, [I<{pra}> : Prakrit languages], I<{pro}> :
10973 Old ProvenE<ccedil>al (to 1500), I<{ps}> : Pushto, I<{qu}> : Quechua,
10974 I<{rm}> : Raeto-Romance, I<{raj}> : Rajasthani, I<{rap}> : Rapanui,
10975 I<{rar}> : Rarotongan, [I<{qaa}>-I<qtz> : Reserved for local use.],
10976 [I<{roa}> : Romance (Other)], I<{ro}> : Romanian, I<{rom}> : Romany,
10977 I<{rn}> : Rundi, I<{ru}> : Russian, [I<{sal}> : Salishan languages],
10978 I<{sam}> : Samaritan Aramaic, [I<{smi}> : Sami languages (Other)], I<{sm}>
10979 : Samoan, I<{sad}> : Sandawe, I<{sg}> : Sango, I<{sa}> : Sanskrit, I<{sat}>
10980 : Santali, I<{sc}> : Sardinian, I<{sas}> : Sasak, I<{sco}> : Scots,
10981 I<{sel}> : Selkup, [I<{sem}> : Semitic (Other)], I<{sr}> : Serbian,
10982 I<{srr}> : Serer, I<{shn}> : Shan, I<{sn}> : Shona, I<{sid}> : Sidamo,
10983 I<{sgn-...}> : Sign Languages, I<{bla}> : Siksika, I<{sd}> : Sindhi,
10984 I<{si}> : Sinhalese, [I<{sit}> : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [I<{sio}> : Siouan
10985 languages], I<{den}> : Slave (Athapascan), [I<{sla}> : Slavic (Other)],
10986 I<{sk}> : Slovak, I<{sl}> : Slovenian, I<{sog}> : Sogdian, I<{so}> :
10987 Somali, I<{son}> : Songhai, I<{snk}> : Soninke, I<{wen}> : Sorbian
10988 languages, I<{nso}> : Northern Sotho, I<{st}> : Southern Sotho, [I<{sai}> :
10989 South American Indian (Other)], I<{es}> : Spanish, I<{suk}> : Sukuma,
10990 I<{sux}> : Sumerian, I<{su}> : Sundanese, I<{sus}> : Susu, I<{sw}> :
10991 Swahili, I<{ss}> : Swati, I<{sv}> : Swedish, I<{syr}> : Syriac, I<{tl}> :
10992 Tagalog, I<{ty}> : Tahitian, [I<{tai}> : Tai (Other)], I<{tg}> : Tajik,
10993 I<{tmh}> : Tamashek, I<{ta}> : Tamil, I<{i-tao}> : Tao, I<{tt}> : Tatar,
10994 I<{i-tay}> : Tayal, I<{te}> : Telugu, I<{ter}> : Tereno, I<{tet}> : Tetum,
10995 I<{th}> : Thai, I<{bo}> : Tibetan, I<{tig}> : Tigre, I<{ti}> : Tigrinya,
10996 I<{tem}> : Timne, I<{tiv}> : Tiv, I<{tli}> : Tlingit, I<{tpi}> : Tok Pisin,
10997 I<{tkl}> : Tokelau, I<{tog}> : Tonga (Nyasa), I<{to}> : Tonga (Tonga
10998 Islands), I<{tsi}> : Tsimshian, I<{ts}> : Tsonga, I<{i-tsu}> : Tsou,
10999 I<{tn}> : Tswana, I<{tum}> : Tumbuka, I<{tr}> : Turkish, I<{ota}> : Ottoman
11000 Turkish (1500-1928), I<{tk}> : Turkmen, I<{tvl}> : Tuvalu, I<{tyv}> :
11001 Tuvinian, I<{tw}> : Twi, I<{uga}> : Ugaritic, I<{ug}> : Uighur, I<{uk}> :
11002 Ukrainian, I<{umb}> : Umbundu, I<{und}> : Undetermined, I<{ur}> : Urdu,
11003 I<{uz}> : Uzbek, I<{vai}> : Vai, I<{ven}> : Venda, I<{vi}> : Vietnamese,
11004 I<{vo}> : VolapE<uuml>k, I<{vot}> : Votic, [I<{wak}> : Wakashan languages],
11005 I<{wal}> : Walamo, I<{war}> : Waray, I<{was}> : Washo, I<{cy}> : Welsh,
11006 I<{wo}> : Wolof, I<{x-...}> : Unregistered (Private Use), I<{xh}> : Xhosa,
11007 I<{sah}> : Yakut, I<{yao}> : Yao, I<{yap}> : Yapese, I<{yi}> : Yiddish,
11008 I<{yo}> : Yoruba, [I<{ypk}> : Yupik languages], I<{znd}> : Zande, [I<{zap}>
11009 : Zapotec], I<{zen}> : Zenaga, I<{za}> : Zhuang, I<{zu}> : Zulu, I<{zun}> :
11014 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11020 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
11030 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
11038 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11039 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11049 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11059 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11063 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11071 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
11081 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11085 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11086 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11087 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11088 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11100 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11110 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11114 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11124 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11134 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11135 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11145 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
11153 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11154 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11163 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
11173 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11177 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11178 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11179 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11189 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
11203 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11204 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11214 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
11230 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11243 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
11257 hostpath(), peerpath()
11267 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
11276 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11277 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11287 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11297 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11301 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11309 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
11320 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11324 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11325 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11326 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11327 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11339 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11349 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11353 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11363 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11373 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11374 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11384 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
11393 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11394 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11403 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
11414 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11418 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11419 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11420 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11430 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
11445 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11446 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11456 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
11457 AF_INET domain sockets
11473 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11486 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
11487 AF_UNIX domain sockets
11501 hostpath(), peerpath()
11511 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11521 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11522 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11533 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
11547 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
11560 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
11570 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11571 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11572 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11583 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
11601 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11611 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11612 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11623 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
11634 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11635 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11636 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11647 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
11655 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
11656 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
11658 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
11664 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
11665 general-utility list subroutines
11673 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
11674 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
11676 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
11682 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
11683 general-utility scalar subroutines
11691 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
11692 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
11700 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
11708 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11712 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
11720 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
11732 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
11738 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11740 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
11741 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
11747 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11749 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
11755 =item CODE ALIASING
11765 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11769 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
11770 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
11771 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
11772 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
11780 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
11781 identification (ISO 4217)
11799 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11801 code2currency(), currency2code()
11807 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11809 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
11817 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11821 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
11829 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
11846 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
11848 code2language(), language2code()
11854 =item QUERY ROUTINES
11856 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
11864 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11868 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
11869 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
11877 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
11885 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
11891 =item Construction Methods
11893 $lh = YourProjClass->get_handle( ...langtags... ) || die "lg-handle?";, $lh
11894 = YourProjClass->get_handleB<()> || die "lg-handle?";, $lh =
11895 YourProjClass::langname->new();, $lh->init();,
11896 YourProjClass->fallback_languages(),
11897 YourProjClass->fallback_language_classes()
11899 =item The "maketext" Method
11901 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
11903 =item Utility Methods
11905 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
11906 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
11907 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
11908 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
11910 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
11914 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
11916 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
11918 =item BRACKET NOTATION
11920 =item AUTO LEXICONS
11922 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
11924 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
11928 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11934 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
11942 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
11946 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
11948 =item The Linguistic View
11950 =item Breaking gettext
11952 =item Replacing gettext
11954 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
11956 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
11958 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
11960 =item Buzzword: Concision
11962 =item The Devil in the Details
11964 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
11972 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
11980 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
11984 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
11992 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
11993 of quoted-printable strings
12001 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12007 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
12016 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12022 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package
12030 number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is
12039 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
12047 Canonical notation, Input, Output
12051 =item Autocreating constants
12059 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
12072 =item STRINGIFICATION
12076 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
12082 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
12084 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
12092 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
12100 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
12106 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
12108 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
12112 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12114 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
12118 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
12120 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12122 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
12123 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
12127 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
12133 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
12143 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
12151 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12157 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12161 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12165 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
12175 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
12181 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
12189 icmp, udp, tcp, stream, external
12195 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
12196 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
12204 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
12221 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
12238 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
12253 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
12270 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
12280 =item IMPLEMENTATION
12286 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
12294 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12300 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12304 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12308 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
12320 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
12322 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
12323 or optag, an operator set (opset)
12325 =item Opcode Functions
12327 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
12328 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
12329 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
12332 =item Manipulating Opsets
12334 =item TO DO (maybe)
12340 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
12342 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
12343 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
12344 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
12353 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
12362 a new namespace, an operator mask
12368 =item RECENT CHANGES
12370 =item Methods in class Safe
12372 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
12373 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
12374 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
12375 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
12377 =item Some Safety Issues
12379 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
12387 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
12400 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
12414 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
12415 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
12416 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
12417 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
12418 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
12419 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
12420 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
12421 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
12422 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
12423 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
12424 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
12425 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
12426 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
12427 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
12428 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
12429 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
12430 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
12431 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
12432 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
12433 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
12434 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
12435 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
12436 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
12437 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
12438 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
12445 =item POSIX::SigAction
12449 =item POSIX::SigSet
12451 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
12453 =item POSIX::Termios
12455 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
12456 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
12457 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
12458 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
12459 values, c_oflag field values
12463 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
12467 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
12471 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
12529 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
12538 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
12542 =item Defaults and how to override them
12552 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
12562 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
12570 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
12571 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
12572 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
12573 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
12574 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
12575 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
12576 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
12580 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
12586 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
12592 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
12604 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
12605 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
12606 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
12607 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
12608 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
12609 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
12610 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
12611 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
12616 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
12617 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
12618 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
12619 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
12620 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
12621 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
12625 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
12626 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
12638 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
12640 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
12643 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
12645 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
12647 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
12649 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
12651 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
12659 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
12671 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
12673 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
12680 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
12686 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
12688 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
12695 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
12707 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
12717 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
12718 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
12733 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
12746 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
12747 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
12753 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
12777 =item B<was_cutting()>
12783 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
12789 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
12795 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
12801 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
12807 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
12813 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
12819 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
12825 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
12831 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
12837 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
12843 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
12849 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
12855 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
12861 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
12867 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
12873 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
12879 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
12885 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
12891 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
12897 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
12903 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
12909 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
12915 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
12921 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
12927 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
12933 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
12939 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
12945 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
12951 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
12963 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
12975 =item OBJECT METHODS
12983 =item Data Accessors
12999 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
13001 B<StartWithNewPage>
13015 =item Subclassed methods
13029 B<interior_sequence>
13045 =item Methods for headings
13053 =item Internal methods
13059 B<_replace_special_chars>
13065 B<_clean_latex_commands>
13081 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
13089 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
13094 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
13095 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape
13096 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on
13097 line %d, Unmatched =back
13107 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
13121 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
13129 $list-E<gt>indent()
13137 $list-E<gt>parent()
13143 =item Pod::Hyperlink
13145 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
13149 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
13151 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
13155 $link-E<gt>warning()
13157 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
13163 $link-E<gt>alttext()
13173 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
13179 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
13183 =item Pod::Cache::Item
13185 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
13189 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
13191 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
13193 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
13195 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
13197 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
13199 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
13201 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
13211 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
13223 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
13225 =item PARSING OPTIONS
13227 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
13228 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
13234 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
13242 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
13248 =item B<verbatim()>
13250 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
13256 =item B<textblock()>
13258 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
13264 =item B<interior_sequence()>
13270 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
13282 =item B<initialize()>
13288 =item B<begin_pod()>
13294 =item B<begin_input()>
13300 =item B<end_input()>
13312 =item B<preprocess_line()>
13318 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
13324 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
13330 =item B<parse_text()>
13332 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
13333 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
13334 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
13340 =item B<interpolate()>
13346 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
13352 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
13358 =item B<parse_from_file()>
13364 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
13370 =item B<errorsub()>
13382 =item B<parseopts()>
13388 =item B<output_file()>
13394 =item B<output_handle()>
13400 =item B<input_file()>
13406 =item B<input_handle()>
13412 =item B<input_streams()>
13418 =item B<top_stream()>
13424 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
13430 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
13436 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
13442 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
13450 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
13470 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
13483 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
13485 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
13491 =item OBJECT METHODS
13497 =item B<curr_headings()>
13509 =item B<add_selection()>
13515 =item B<clear_selections()>
13521 =item B<match_section()>
13527 =item B<is_selected()>
13533 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
13539 =item B<podselect()>
13541 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
13547 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
13553 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
13559 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
13565 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
13577 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
13585 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
13589 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
13590 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
13591 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
13603 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
13619 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
13636 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
13637 text with format escapes
13651 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
13660 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
13669 =item Recommended Use
13677 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
13681 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
13689 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13695 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13699 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13703 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
13711 a new namespace, an operator mask
13717 =item RECENT CHANGES
13719 =item Methods in class Safe
13721 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
13722 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
13723 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
13724 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
13726 =item Some Safety Issues
13728 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
13736 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
13744 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
13745 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
13753 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
13763 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
13773 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
13783 =item The __DATA__ token
13785 =item SelfLoader autoloading
13787 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
13789 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
13791 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
13793 =item Classes and inherited methods.
13797 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
13801 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
13811 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
13819 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
13820 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
13828 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
13829 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
13830 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
13831 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
13832 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
13836 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
13846 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
13850 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
13852 =item ERROR REPORTING
13860 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
13865 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
13866 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
13890 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
13904 =item Allowing fall-through
13906 =item Automating fall-through
13908 =item Higher-order Operations
13922 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
13932 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
13944 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
13945 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
13953 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
13954 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
13965 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
13966 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
13974 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
13975 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
13986 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
13996 Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
13997 comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
14008 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
14020 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
14028 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
14038 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
14039 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
14047 =item Minimal set of supported functions
14049 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
14050 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
14052 =item Additional supported functions
14054 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
14064 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
14090 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
14094 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
14104 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
14114 =item The test script output
14116 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
14117 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
14118 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
14122 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
14145 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
14146 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
14147 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
14148 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
14152 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
14153 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
14168 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
14180 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
14190 =item General behaviour in list contexts
14194 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
14196 =item A note about prefixes
14198 =item C<extract_delimited>
14200 =item C<extract_bracketed>
14202 =item C<extract_tagged>
14204 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
14205 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
14207 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
14209 =item C<extract_quotelike>
14211 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
14213 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
14215 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
14217 =item C<extract_codeblock>
14219 =item C<extract_multiple>
14221 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
14227 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
14228 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
14229 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
14230 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
14231 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
14232 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
14233 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
14234 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
14235 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
14236 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
14237 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
14238 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
14243 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
14249 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
14264 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
14281 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
14296 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
14310 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
14323 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
14324 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
14325 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
14329 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
14337 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
14345 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
14347 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
14353 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
14361 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
14363 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
14367 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
14379 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
14389 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
14397 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
14398 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
14399 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
14400 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
14408 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
14417 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
14418 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
14419 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
14420 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
14422 =item MORE INFORMATION
14424 =item COMPATIBILITY
14428 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
14436 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
14437 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
14441 =item MORE INFORMATION
14445 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
14463 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
14472 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
14474 =item MORE INFORMATION
14478 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
14490 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution ualarm, usleep, and gettimeofday
14498 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
14499 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
14500 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
14501 getitimer ( $which )
14517 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
14525 =item IMPLEMENTATION
14531 =head2 Time::Piece - Object Oriented time objects
14543 =item Local Locales
14545 =item Date Calculations
14547 =item Date Comparisons
14549 =item YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
14553 =item strftime method
14555 %%, %a, %A, %b, %B, %c, %C, %d, %D, %e, %h, %H, %I, %j, %m, %M, %n, %p, %r,
14556 %R, %S, %t, %T, %u, %U, %V, %w, %W, %x, %y, %Y, %Z
14558 =item strptime function
14560 =item Global Overriding
14578 =head2 Time::Piece::Seconds, Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert
14579 seconds to other date values
14597 =head2 Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert seconds to other date values
14615 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
14630 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
14645 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
14657 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
14665 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
14666 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
14670 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
14685 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
14696 =item System Specifics
14710 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
14718 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
14720 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
14721 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
14722 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
14723 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
14724 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
14725 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
14726 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
14727 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
14728 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
14729 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
14730 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
14731 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
14732 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
14733 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
14734 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
14735 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
14741 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
14759 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
14771 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
14773 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
14774 don't all have manual pages yet:
14800 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles