4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
26 =item Reference Manual
28 =item Internals and C Language Interface
32 =item Language-Specific
34 =item Platform-Specific
58 =head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
68 =item Running Perl programs
70 =item Basic syntax overview
72 =item Perl variable types
74 Scalars, Arrays, Hashes
76 =item Variable scoping
78 =item Conditional and looping constructs
80 if, while, for, foreach
82 =item Builtin operators and functions
84 Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
89 =item Regular expressions
91 Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
92 Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
94 =item Writing subroutines
98 =item Using Perl modules
106 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11
115 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
117 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
119 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
121 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
123 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
125 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
127 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
129 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
131 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
133 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
137 =item About the perlfaq documents
141 =item Where to get the perlfaq
143 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
145 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
152 =item Author and Copyright Information
156 =item Bundled Distributions
164 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
165 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
166 Initial Release: 11/March/97
170 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
178 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
188 =item Simple statements
190 =item Compound statements
198 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
202 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
204 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
210 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
224 =item Scalar value constructors
226 =item List value constructors
230 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
238 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
248 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
250 =item The Arrow Operator
252 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
256 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
258 =item Binding Operators
260 =item Multiplicative Operators
262 =item Additive Operators
264 =item Shift Operators
266 =item Named Unary Operators
268 =item Relational Operators
270 =item Equality Operators
274 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
276 =item C-style Logical And
278 =item C-style Logical Or
280 =item Range Operators
282 =item Conditional Operator
284 =item Assignment Operators
288 =item List Operators (Rightward)
294 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
296 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
298 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
300 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
302 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
304 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
305 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
306 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
307 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
309 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
311 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
312 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
313 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
314 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
319 =item Constant Folding
321 =item Bitwise String Operators
323 =item Integer Arithmetic
325 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
333 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
343 =item Private Variables via my()
345 =item Persistent Private Variables
347 =item Temporary Values via local()
349 =item Lvalue subroutines
351 Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
353 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
355 =item When to Still Use local()
357 =item Pass by Reference
361 =item Constant Functions
363 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
367 =item Subroutine Attributes
375 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
383 =item Perl Functions by Category
385 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
386 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
387 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
388 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
389 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
390 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
391 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
392 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
393 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
394 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
399 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
401 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
402 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
403 binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
404 REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
405 LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
406 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
407 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
408 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
409 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
410 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
411 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
412 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
413 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
414 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
415 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
416 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
417 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
418 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
419 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
420 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
421 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
422 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
423 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
424 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
425 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
426 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
427 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
428 lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
429 EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
430 KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
431 TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
432 Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
433 EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
434 FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
435 opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
436 ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
437 package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
438 print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
439 printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
440 qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
441 rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
442 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
443 readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
444 ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
445 require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
446 DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
447 rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
448 DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
449 semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
450 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
451 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
452 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
453 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
454 EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
455 SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
456 sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
457 splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
458 /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR,
459 sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR,
460 study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub
461 NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr
462 EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall
463 LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen
464 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
465 sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE,
466 system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET,
467 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell
468 FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied
469 VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate
470 EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef
471 EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE,
472 unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module
473 LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec
474 EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write
475 FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
481 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
487 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
495 =item Making References
497 =item Using References
515 =item Distribution Conditions
521 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
527 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
528 more elaborate constructs
532 =item COMMON MISTAKES
534 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
536 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
542 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
546 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
548 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
550 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
554 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
558 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
560 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
562 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
566 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
570 =item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
572 =item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
574 =item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
578 =item HASHES OF HASHES
582 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
584 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
586 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
590 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
594 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
596 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
598 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
610 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
620 =item Simple word matching
622 =item Using character classes
624 =item Matching this or that
626 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
628 =item Extracting matches
630 =item Matching repetitions
634 =item Search and replace
636 =item The split operator
644 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
648 =item Acknowledgments
654 =head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
662 =item Ordinary Paragraph
664 =item Verbatim Paragraph
666 =item Command Paragraph
668 C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
669 Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
670 I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
671 I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
673 =item Formatting Codes
675 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
676 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
677 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
678 for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
679 C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
680 (zero-effect) formatting code
684 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
686 =item Hints for Writing Pod
696 =head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
703 =item Pod Definitions
707 "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
708 "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
710 =item Pod Formatting Codes
712 C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
713 C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
714 filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
715 null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
716 C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
717 contains non-breaking spaces
719 =item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
721 =item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
723 First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
725 =item About =over...=back Regions
727 =item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
735 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
743 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
761 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
763 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
764 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
765 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
766 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
768 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
770 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
771 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
772 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
776 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
778 =item Numerical Traps
780 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
782 =item General data type traps
784 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
785 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
787 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
789 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
791 =item Precedence Traps
793 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
796 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
798 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
799 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
802 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
804 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
810 =item Interpolation Traps
812 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
813 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
819 =item Unclassified Traps
821 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
828 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
838 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
840 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
842 =item Location of Perl
844 =item Command Switches
846 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
847 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
848 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
849 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
850 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
851 B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
852 B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
858 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
859 :perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
860 PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
861 PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port),
862 SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
866 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
874 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
882 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
884 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
886 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
890 =item Backward Compatibility
892 =item Category Hierarchy
896 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
908 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
916 =item Looking at data and -w and v
920 =item Stepping through code
922 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
924 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
942 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
948 =item The Perl Debugger
952 =item Debugger Commands
954 h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
955 [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
956 min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
957 ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
958 subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
959 compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
960 expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
961 command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
962 command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source file, H -number, q
963 or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage]
965 =item Configurable Options
967 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
968 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
969 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
970 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
971 C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
972 C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
975 =item Debugger input/output
977 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
980 =item Debugging compile-time statements
982 =item Debugger Customization
984 =item Readline Support
986 =item Editor Support for Debugging
988 =item The Perl Profiler
992 =item Debugging regular expressions
994 =item Debugging memory usage
1002 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
1010 =item Predefined Names
1012 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
1013 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
1014 HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
1015 IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
1016 HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
1017 IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
1018 IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
1019 $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
1020 HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
1021 HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
1022 HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
1023 @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
1024 C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
1025 $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
1026 is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
1027 C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
1028 $FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
1029 IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
1030 $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
1031 $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
1032 $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
1033 $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
1034 $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
1035 $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
1036 $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
1037 ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
1038 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
1039 $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
1040 ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
1041 $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
1043 =item Error Indicators
1045 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
1053 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
1061 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
1063 =item Growing Your Own
1065 =item Access and Printing
1077 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
1083 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
1091 =item The Minus File
1093 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
1099 =item Open E<agrave> la C
1103 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
1107 =item Obscure Open Tricks
1111 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
1113 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
1115 =item Paths as Opens
1117 =item Single Argument Open
1119 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
1123 =item Other I/O Issues
1127 =item Opening Non-File Files
1139 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1145 =head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
1151 =item The Basic Principle
1155 =item Packing Numbers
1161 =item Unpacking a Stack Frame
1163 =item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
1165 =item Floating point Numbers
1169 =item Exotic Templates
1181 =item Another Portable Binary Encoding
1185 =item Lengths and Widths
1189 =item String Lengths
1191 =item Dynamic Templates
1195 =item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
1199 =item The Alignment Pit
1201 =item Alignment, Take 2
1203 =item Alignment, Take 3
1205 =item Pointers for How to Use Them
1211 =item Funnies Section
1217 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1223 =item Part 1: The basics
1227 =item Simple word matching
1229 =item Using character classes
1231 =item Matching this or that
1233 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1235 =item Extracting matches
1237 =item Matching repetitions
1239 =item Building a regexp
1241 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1245 =item Part 2: Power tools
1249 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1251 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1253 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1255 =item Non-capturing groupings
1257 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1259 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1261 =item Conditional expressions
1263 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1265 =item Pragmas and debugging
1273 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1277 =item Acknowledgments
1283 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1293 =item Regular Expressions
1295 [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1297 =item Extended Patterns
1299 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1300 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1301 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1302 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1306 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1308 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1310 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1312 =item Combining pieces together
1314 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1315 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1316 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1317 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1319 =item Creating custom RE engines
1329 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1339 =item Making References
1341 =item Using References
1343 =item Symbolic references
1345 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1347 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1349 =item Function Templates
1359 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1367 =item Format Variables
1377 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1385 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1393 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1395 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1397 =item Invoking a barnyard
1399 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1401 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1403 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1405 =item A few notes about @ISA
1407 =item Overriding the methods
1409 =item Starting the search from a different place
1411 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1413 =item Where we're at so far...
1415 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1417 =item Invoking an instance method
1419 =item Accessing the instance data
1421 =item How to build a horse
1423 =item Inheriting the constructor
1425 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1427 =item Adding parameters to a method
1429 =item More interesting instances
1431 =item A horse of a different color
1443 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1449 =item Creating a Class
1453 =item Object Representation
1455 =item Class Interface
1457 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1459 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1463 =item Other Object Methods
1471 =item Accessing Class Data
1473 =item Debugging Methods
1475 =item Class Destructors
1477 =item Documenting the Interface
1487 =item Overridden Methods
1489 =item Multiple Inheritance
1491 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1495 =item Alternate Object Representations
1499 =item Arrays as Objects
1501 =item Closures as Objects
1505 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1509 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1511 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1515 =item Metaclassical Tools
1521 =item Data Members as Variables
1529 =item Object Terminology
1535 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1541 =item Acknowledgments
1547 =head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1553 =item Class Data in a Can
1555 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1559 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1561 =item Inheritance Concerns
1563 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1565 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1567 =item Monadic Classes
1569 =item Translucent Attributes
1573 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1577 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1579 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1581 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1583 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1585 =item Translucency Revisited
1593 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1595 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1601 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1609 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1611 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1613 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1615 =item Method Invocation
1617 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1619 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1621 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1627 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1635 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1641 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1643 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1645 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1647 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1649 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1651 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1653 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1655 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1657 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1659 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1665 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1677 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1682 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1683 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1684 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1685 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1690 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1691 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1692 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1694 =item Tying FileHandles
1696 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1697 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1702 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1714 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1715 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1725 =item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
1733 =item Deferred Signals
1735 Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals
1736 triggered by operating system state
1740 =item Using open() for IPC
1746 =item Background Processes
1748 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1750 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1752 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1754 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1758 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1762 =item Internet Line Terminators
1764 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1766 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1770 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1774 =item A Simple Client
1776 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1778 =item A Webget Client
1780 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1784 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1786 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1788 =item UDP: Message Passing
1802 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
1812 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1814 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1815 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1816 files, directories and network sockets
1818 =item Resource limits
1820 =item Killing the parent process
1822 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1824 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1826 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1827 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1828 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1840 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1848 =item Storing numbers
1850 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1852 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1854 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1855 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1856 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1865 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1873 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1875 =item Threaded Program Models
1887 =item Native threads
1889 =item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
1891 =item Threadsafe Modules
1897 =item Basic Thread Support
1899 =item A Note about the Examples
1901 =item Creating Threads
1903 =item Giving up control
1905 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1907 =item Ignoring A Thread
1911 =item Threads And Data
1915 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1917 =item Thread Pitfalls: Races
1921 =item Synchronization and control
1925 =item Controlling access: lock()
1927 =item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1929 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1931 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1933 =item Basic semaphores
1935 =item Advanced Semaphores
1937 =item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
1941 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1945 =item What Thread Am I In?
1949 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1951 =item What Threads Are Running?
1955 =item A Complete Example
1957 =item Performance considerations
1959 =item Threadsafety of System Libraries
1967 =item Introductory Texts
1969 =item OS-Related References
1971 =item Other References
1975 =item Acknowledgements
1983 =head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
1989 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1991 =item Threaded Program Models
2003 =item Native threads
2005 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
2007 =item Threadsafe Modules
2013 =item Basic Thread Support
2015 =item Creating Threads
2017 =item Giving up control
2019 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
2021 =item Errors In Threads
2023 =item Ignoring A Thread
2027 =item Threads And Data
2031 =item Shared And Unshared Data
2033 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
2035 =item Controlling access: lock()
2037 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
2039 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
2043 =item Threads And Code
2047 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
2049 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
2051 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
2053 =item Subroutine Locks
2057 =item Locking A Subroutine
2061 =item General Thread Utility Routines
2065 =item What Thread Am I In?
2069 =item Are These Threads The Same?
2071 =item What Threads Are Running?
2075 =item A Complete Example
2083 =item Introductory Texts
2085 =item OS-Related References
2087 =item Other References
2091 =item Acknowledgements
2099 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
2105 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
2114 =item Numbers endianness and Width
2116 =item Files and Filesystems
2118 =item System Interaction
2120 =item Command names versus file pathnames
2122 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
2124 =item External Subroutines (XS)
2126 =item Standard Modules
2130 =item Character sets and character encoding
2132 =item Internationalisation
2134 =item System Resources
2144 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
2145 http://testers.cpan.org/
2153 =item DOS and Derivatives
2161 =item EBCDIC Platforms
2169 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
2173 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
2175 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
2176 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
2177 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
2178 LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
2179 FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
2180 WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
2181 getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
2182 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
2183 getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
2184 setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
2185 endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob
2186 EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
2187 OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
2188 msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
2189 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
2190 EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
2191 semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
2192 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
2193 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
2194 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
2195 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
2196 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
2197 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
2198 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
2199 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
2205 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
2206 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
2207 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
2208 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
2209 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
2210 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
2212 =item Supported Platforms
2216 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
2220 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
2227 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
2233 =item The use locale pragma
2235 =item The setlocale function
2237 =item Finding locales
2239 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
2241 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
2243 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
2245 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
2247 =item Fixing system locale configuration
2249 =item The localeconv function
2251 =item I18N::Langinfo
2255 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
2259 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
2261 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
2263 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
2265 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
2269 =item Other categories
2277 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
2278 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
2284 =item Backward compatibility
2286 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
2288 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
2290 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
2292 =item Freely available locale definitions
2296 =item An imperfect standard
2300 =item Unicode and UTF-8
2306 =item Broken systems
2316 =head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
2326 =item Perl's Unicode Support
2328 =item Perl's Unicode Model
2330 =item Unicode and EBCDIC
2332 =item Creating Unicode
2334 =item Handling Unicode
2336 =item Legacy Encodings
2340 =item Displaying Unicode As Text
2344 =item Advanced Topics
2348 =item Questions With Answers
2350 =item Hexadecimal Notation
2352 =item Further Resources
2356 =item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
2360 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
2362 =item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
2366 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
2374 =item Important Caveats
2376 Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
2377 enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
2379 =item Byte and Character Semantics
2381 =item Effects of Character Semantics
2387 =item User-Defined Character Properties
2389 =item Character Encodings for Input and Output
2391 =item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
2393 =item Unicode Encodings
2395 =item Security Implications of Unicode
2397 =item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
2401 =item Using Unicode in XS
2409 =item Interaction with Locales
2411 =item Interaction with Extensions
2421 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2427 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2435 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2439 =item 13 variant characters
2447 =item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
2449 =item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
2451 =item Unicode and UTF
2457 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2459 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2461 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2475 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2477 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2479 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2481 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2489 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2491 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2493 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2495 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2499 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2503 =item URL decoding and encoding
2505 =item uu encoding and decoding
2507 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2509 =item Caesarian ciphers
2513 =item Hashing order and checksums
2517 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2529 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2549 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2557 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2559 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2561 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2565 =item Protecting Your Programs
2575 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2587 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2593 =item Making your module threadsafe
2601 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2611 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2612 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2626 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2632 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2636 =item Pragmatic Modules
2638 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes,
2639 charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer,
2640 less, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs,
2641 threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
2643 =item Standard Modules
2645 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2646 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2647 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2648 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2649 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2650 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2651 Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest,
2652 DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
2653 Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM,
2654 ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
2655 ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any,
2656 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
2657 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN,
2658 ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
2659 ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
2660 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
2661 ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
2662 File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
2663 File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2664 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2665 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2666 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
2667 I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2,
2668 IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
2669 Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13,
2670 Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
2671 Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
2672 Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
2673 Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2674 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
2675 Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
2676 Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
2677 PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html,
2678 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils,
2679 Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2680 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe,
2681 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2682 Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2683 Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
2684 Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple,
2685 Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2686 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
2687 Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2688 Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
2689 Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate,
2690 Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2692 =item Extension Modules
2704 =item Central America
2716 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2720 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2722 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2724 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2732 =head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
2738 =item QUICK CHECKLIST
2742 =item Before you start
2750 =item Release considerations
2754 =item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
2758 =item Has it been done before?
2760 =item Do one thing and do it well
2762 =item What's in a name?
2766 =item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
2770 =item To OO or not to OO?
2772 =item Designing your API
2774 Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
2775 output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
2778 =item Strictness and warnings
2780 =item Backwards compatibility
2782 =item Error handling and messages
2786 =item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
2792 =item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
2796 =item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
2800 =item Version numbering
2802 =item Pre-requisites
2812 =item COMMON PITFALLS
2816 =item Reinventing the wheel
2818 =item Trying to do too much
2820 =item Inappropriate documentation
2826 L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
2827 http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
2833 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2843 =item What should I make into a module?
2845 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2847 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2849 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2851 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2852 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2853 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2855 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2857 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2858 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2868 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
2869 2002/04/07 18:46:13 $)
2879 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2881 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2883 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2885 =item What is perl6?
2887 =item How stable is Perl?
2889 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2891 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2894 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2896 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2898 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2900 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2902 =item What is a JAPH?
2904 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2906 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2907 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
2911 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2915 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $,
2916 $Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $)
2924 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2926 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2928 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2930 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2933 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2934 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2936 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2937 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2939 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2941 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2943 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2945 =item Where should I post source code?
2949 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2951 =item Perl in Magazines
2953 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2955 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2957 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2959 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2961 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2963 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
2967 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2971 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2002/05/06
2980 =item How do I do (anything)?
2982 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2984 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2986 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2988 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2990 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2992 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2994 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2996 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2998 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
2999 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
3000 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
3002 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
3004 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
3006 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
3008 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
3010 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
3012 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
3014 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
3016 Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
3017 stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
3019 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
3021 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
3023 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
3025 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
3027 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
3029 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
3031 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
3033 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
3035 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
3037 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
3039 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
3041 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
3043 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
3044 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
3046 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
3048 =item What's MakeMaker?
3052 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3056 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
3067 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
3068 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
3070 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
3072 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
3075 =item How do I convert between numeric representations?
3077 How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
3078 hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
3079 decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
3080 from decimal to binary
3082 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
3084 =item How do I multiply matrices?
3086 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
3088 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
3090 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
3092 =item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
3100 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
3102 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
3104 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
3106 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
3108 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
3110 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
3112 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
3120 =item How do I validate input?
3122 =item How do I unescape a string?
3124 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
3126 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
3128 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
3130 =item How do I reverse a string?
3132 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
3134 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
3136 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
3138 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
3140 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
3143 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
3145 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
3146 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
3148 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
3150 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
3152 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
3154 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
3156 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
3158 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
3160 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
3162 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
3163 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
3172 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
3174 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
3176 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
3180 =item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
3183 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
3184 intersection of two arrays?
3186 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
3188 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
3190 =item How do I handle linked lists?
3192 =item How do I handle circular lists?
3194 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
3196 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
3198 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
3200 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
3202 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
3204 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
3206 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
3210 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
3214 =item How do I process an entire hash?
3216 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
3219 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
3221 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
3223 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
3225 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
3227 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
3229 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
3231 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
3233 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
3235 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
3237 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
3239 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
3242 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
3243 array of hashes or arrays?
3245 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
3253 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
3255 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
3257 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
3259 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
3261 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
3263 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
3265 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
3269 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3273 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
3282 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
3284 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
3285 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
3287 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
3289 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
3291 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
3293 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
3294 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
3296 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
3298 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
3300 =item How can I write() into a string?
3302 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
3304 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
3306 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
3308 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
3310 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
3312 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
3314 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
3316 =item How can I lock a file?
3318 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
3320 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
3321 the file. How can I do this?
3323 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
3324 file. Do I still have to use locking?
3326 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
3328 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
3330 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
3332 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
3334 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
3336 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
3338 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
3340 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
3342 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
3344 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
3346 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
3348 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
3349 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
3351 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
3353 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
3354 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
3356 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
3358 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
3362 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3366 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: 2002/06/01
3375 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
3376 and unmaintainable code?
3378 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
3380 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
3382 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
3385 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
3387 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
3390 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
3392 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
3394 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
3396 =item What is C</o> really for?
3398 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
3401 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
3403 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
3405 =item How do I process each word on each line?
3407 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
3409 =item How can I do approximate matching?
3411 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
3413 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
3415 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
3417 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
3419 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
3421 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
3423 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
3425 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
3429 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3433 =head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
3434 2002/03/26 15:48:32 $)
3442 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
3444 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
3447 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
3450 =item How do I skip some return values?
3452 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
3454 =item What's an extension?
3456 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
3458 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
3460 =item How do I create a module?
3462 =item How do I create a class?
3464 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
3466 =item What's a closure?
3468 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
3470 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
3473 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
3476 =item How do I create a static variable?
3478 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
3479 Between local() and my()?
3481 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
3484 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
3486 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
3488 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
3490 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
3492 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
3494 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
3496 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
3498 =item How can I find out my current package?
3500 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
3502 =item How do I clear a package?
3504 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
3508 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3512 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/05/16
3521 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
3523 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
3525 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
3527 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
3529 =item How do I print something out in color?
3531 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
3533 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
3535 =item How do I clear the screen?
3537 =item How do I get the screen size?
3539 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3541 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3543 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3545 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3547 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3549 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3551 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3553 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3555 =item How do I set the time and date?
3557 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3559 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3561 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3563 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3564 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3566 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3568 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3570 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3572 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3574 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3576 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3578 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3580 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3582 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3584 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3587 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3589 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3591 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3593 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3596 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3597 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3598 changes to be visible?
3602 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3605 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3607 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3609 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3611 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3613 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3615 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3617 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3619 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3621 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3623 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3625 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3627 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3630 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3632 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3636 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3640 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13
3649 =item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
3651 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3654 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3656 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3658 =item How do I extract URLs?
3660 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3661 file on another machine?
3663 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3665 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3667 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3669 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3671 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3673 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3675 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3677 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3678 CGI script to do bad things?
3680 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3682 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3684 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3686 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3688 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3690 =item How do I send mail?
3692 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3694 =item How do I read mail?
3696 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3698 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3700 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3702 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3706 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3710 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3720 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3724 =item Using The Back Ends
3728 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3732 =item The Decompiling Back End
3734 =item The Lint Back End
3736 =item The Simple C Back End
3738 =item The Bytecode Back End
3740 =item The Optimized C Back End
3744 =item Module List for the Compiler Suite
3746 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3747 B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
3748 B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3750 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3756 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3766 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3767 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3771 =item Compiling your C program
3773 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3775 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3777 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3779 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3781 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3783 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3785 =item Execution of END blocks
3787 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3789 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3794 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3804 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3810 =item Debugger Internals
3814 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3818 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3820 =item Debugging regular expressions
3824 =item Compile-time output
3826 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3827 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3828 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3831 =item Types of nodes
3833 =item Run-time output
3837 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3841 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3843 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3844 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3847 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3849 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3851 =item B<-DL> details
3855 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3863 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3875 =item Version caveat
3877 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3889 =item What has gone on?
3891 =item Writing good test scripts
3895 =item What's new here?
3897 =item Input and Output Parameters
3899 =item The XSUBPP Program
3901 =item The TYPEMAP file
3903 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3907 =item What has happened here?
3909 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3911 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3913 =item More about XSUB arguments
3915 =item The Argument Stack
3917 =item Extending your Extension
3919 =item Documenting your Extension
3921 =item Installing your Extension
3925 =item New Things in this Example
3929 =item New Things in this Example
3931 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3933 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3935 =item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
3937 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3953 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3965 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3967 =item The Argument Stack
3969 =item The RETVAL Variable
3971 =item The MODULE Keyword
3973 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3975 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3977 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3979 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3981 =item The CODE: Keyword
3983 =item The INIT: Keyword
3985 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3987 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3989 =item Default Parameter Values
3991 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3993 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3995 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3997 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3999 =item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
4001 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
4003 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
4005 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
4007 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
4009 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
4011 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
4013 =item The POSTCALL: Keyword
4015 =item The BOOT: Keyword
4017 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
4019 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
4021 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
4023 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
4025 =item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
4027 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
4029 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
4031 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
4033 =item The CASE: Keyword
4035 =item The & Unary Operator
4037 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
4039 =item Using XS With C++
4041 =item Interface Strategy
4043 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
4047 =item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
4049 MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
4061 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
4071 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
4073 =item File Operations
4075 =item File Input and Output
4077 =item File Positioning
4079 =item Memory Management and String Handling
4081 =item Character Class Tests
4083 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
4085 =item Miscellaneous functions
4093 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
4105 =item What is an "IV"?
4107 =item Working with SVs
4111 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
4113 =item Working with AVs
4115 =item Working with HVs
4117 =item Hash API Extensions
4121 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
4123 =item Creating New Variables
4125 GV_ADDMULTI, GV_ADDWARN
4127 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
4129 =item Stashes and Globs
4131 =item Double-Typed SVs
4133 =item Magic Variables
4135 =item Assigning Magic
4137 =item Magic Virtual Tables
4141 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
4143 =item Localizing changes
4145 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
4146 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
4147 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
4148 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
4149 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
4150 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
4151 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
4152 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
4153 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
4154 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
4162 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
4164 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
4166 =item Memory Allocation
4170 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
4174 =item Scratchpads and recursion
4184 =item Examining the tree
4186 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
4188 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
4190 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
4192 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
4194 =item Pluggable runops
4198 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
4200 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
4204 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
4206 =item So what happened to dTHR?
4208 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
4210 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
4212 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
4216 =item Internal Functions
4218 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
4222 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
4224 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
4226 =item Source Documentation
4230 =item Unicode Support
4234 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
4236 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
4238 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
4240 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
4242 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
4244 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
4248 =item Custom Operators
4256 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
4262 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
4264 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
4266 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
4286 =item Determining the Context
4290 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
4296 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
4298 =item Passing Parameters
4300 =item Returning a Scalar
4302 =item Returning a list of values
4304 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
4306 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
4310 =item Using G_KEEPERR
4314 =item Using call_argv
4316 =item Using call_method
4320 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
4322 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
4324 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
4325 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
4328 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
4330 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
4342 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
4352 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
4353 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
4354 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
4355 L<roffitall|roffitall>
4359 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
4361 =item Administration
4363 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
4367 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
4368 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
4376 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
4386 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
4388 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
4390 B<Decryption Filters>
4392 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
4394 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
4396 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
4408 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
4416 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
4417 B<filter_fetch_value>
4423 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
4425 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
4435 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
4441 =item "Gimme" Values
4443 GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
4445 =item Array Manipulation Functions
4447 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
4448 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
4449 get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
4451 =item Callback Functions
4453 call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
4454 FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
4456 =item Character classes
4458 isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
4460 =item Cloning an interpreter
4464 =item CV Manipulation Functions
4466 CvSTASH, get_cv, Nullcv
4468 =item Embedding Functions
4470 load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
4471 perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
4473 =item Functions in file pp_pack.c
4475 pack_cat, unpack_str
4477 =item Global Variables
4479 PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
4483 GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
4484 gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
4488 HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
4490 =item Hash Manipulation Functions
4492 get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
4493 HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
4494 hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
4495 hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
4496 hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
4498 =item Magical Functions
4500 mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
4501 SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
4502 SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
4504 =item Memory Management
4506 Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
4507 savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
4509 =item Miscellaneous Functions
4511 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
4512 strNE, strnEQ, strnNE
4514 =item Numeric functions
4516 grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
4519 =item Optree Manipulation Functions
4521 cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
4523 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4525 dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
4526 POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
4527 PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
4528 XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
4529 XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
4533 svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
4535 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4537 get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
4538 newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
4539 new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
4540 SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx,
4541 SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
4542 SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
4543 SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
4544 SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
4545 SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX,
4546 SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
4547 SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
4548 SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK,
4549 SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
4550 sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
4551 sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
4552 sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
4553 sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
4554 sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm,
4555 sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
4556 sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
4557 sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
4558 sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing,
4559 sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte,
4560 sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags,
4561 sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
4562 sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
4563 sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg,
4564 sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
4565 sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
4566 sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags,
4567 sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode,
4568 sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags,
4569 sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
4571 =item Unicode Support
4573 bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
4574 pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case,
4575 to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr,
4576 utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes,
4577 utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
4579 =item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
4581 ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
4582 THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
4584 =item Warning and Dieing
4594 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
4601 =item Global Variables
4603 PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
4614 =item Pad Data Structures
4618 =item Stack Manipulation Macros
4622 =item SV Manipulation Functions
4624 report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
4632 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
4642 =item History and Background
4644 =item Layers vs Disciplines
4646 =item Data Structures
4648 =item Functions and Attributes
4650 =item Per-instance Data
4652 =item Layers in action.
4654 =item Per-instance flag bits
4656 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4657 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4658 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4659 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4661 =item Methods in Detail
4663 fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
4664 PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
4665 Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
4666 Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
4671 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4673 =item Extension Layers
4675 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Via"
4683 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4691 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4692 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4693 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4694 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4695 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4696 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4697 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4698 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4699 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4700 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4701 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4705 =item Co-existence with stdio
4707 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
4708 B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
4710 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4712 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4713 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4714 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4715 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4717 =item Other Functions
4719 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4720 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4726 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4732 =item To do during 5.6.x
4736 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4738 =item Autoload bytes.pm
4740 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4742 =item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
4744 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4748 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4750 =item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
4752 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4754 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4756 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4758 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4760 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4762 =item Complete signal handling
4764 =item Out-of-source builds
4766 =item POSIX realtime support
4768 =item UNIX98 support
4772 =item Long double conversion
4776 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4778 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4780 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4782 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4784 =item Sort out the uid-setting mess
4786 =item Custom opcodes
4788 =item DLL Versioning
4790 =item Introduce @( and @)
4792 =item Floating point handling
4794 =item IV/UV preservation
4796 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4798 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4800 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4802 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4804 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4806 =item Document Win32 choices
4808 =item Check new modules
4810 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4814 =item To do at some point
4818 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4820 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4822 =item bitfields in pack
4824 =item Cross compilation
4826 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4828 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4830 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4832 =item -i rename file when changed
4834 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4836 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4838 =item Test Suite for the Debugger
4840 =item my sub foo { }
4842 =item One-pass global destruction
4844 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4846 =item Cache recently used regexps
4848 =item Cross-compilation support
4850 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4852 =item debugger pragma
4854 =item use less pragma
4856 =item switch structures
4858 =item Cache eval tree
4862 =item Shrink opcode tables
4864 =item Optimize away @_
4866 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4870 =item Prototype method calls
4872 =item Return context prototype declarations
4876 =item Garbage collection
4880 =item Rewrite perldoc
4882 =item Install .3p manpages
4884 =item Unicode tutorial
4886 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4888 =item Retargetable installation
4890 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4892 =item Rename Win32 headers
4894 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4896 =item Update sprintf documentation
4898 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4900 =item Make v-strings overloaded objects
4902 =item Allow restricted hash assignment
4904 =item Should overload be inheritable?
4914 =item ref() in list context
4916 =item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
4918 =item Compile to real threaded code
4920 =item Structured types
4922 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4924 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4928 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4932 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4934 =item Constant function cache
4936 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4944 =item Update guts documentation
4946 =item Add more tests
4948 =item Update auxiliary tools
4950 =item Create debugging macros
4952 =item truncate to the people
4954 =item Unicode in Filenames
4958 =item Recently done things
4962 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4964 =item Safe signal handling
4970 =item setitimer and getimiter
4972 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4974 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4976 =item Explicit switch statements
4984 =item perlcc to produce executable
4986 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4988 =item Secure temporary file module
4990 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4992 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4994 =item Mmap for input
4996 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4998 =item Add sockatmark support
5000 =item Mailing list archives
5004 =item Integrate MacPerl
5006 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
5008 =item Regular expression tutorial
5010 =item Debugging Tutorial
5012 =item Integrate new modules
5014 =item Integrate profiler
5016 =item Y2K error detection
5018 =item Regular expression debugger
5022 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
5024 =item Cache precompiled modules
5028 =item Deprecated Wishes
5032 =item Loop control on do{}
5034 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
5040 =item Generalised want()/caller())
5042 =item Named prototypes
5044 =item Built-in globbing
5046 =item Regression tests for suidperl
5048 =item Cached hash values
5050 =item Add compression modules
5052 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
5054 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
5056 =item Make XS easier to use
5058 =item Make embedding easier to use
5062 =item my $Package::variable
5064 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
5066 =item "class"-based lexicals
5070 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
5072 =item Make "use utf8" the default
5074 =item Unicode collation and normalization
5076 =item pack/unpack tutorial
5082 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
5088 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
5089 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
5090 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
5091 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
5092 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
5093 tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
5094 Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
5098 =item Keeping in sync
5100 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
5101 NFS, rsync'ing the patches
5103 =item Why rsync the source tree
5105 It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
5107 =item Why rsync the patches
5109 It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
5110 point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
5112 =item Perlbug remote interface
5114 1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
5115 commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
5117 =item Submitting patches
5119 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
5120 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
5122 =item Finding Your Way Around
5124 Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
5126 =item Elements of the interpreter
5128 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
5130 =item Internal Variable Types
5136 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
5138 =item Millions of Macros
5140 =item Poking at Perl
5142 =item Using a source-level debugger
5144 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
5145 finish, 'enter', print
5147 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
5151 =item Patching a core module
5153 =item Adding a new function to the core
5155 =item Writing a test
5157 F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
5158 F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
5160 =item Special Make Test Targets
5162 coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third
5163 ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8
5167 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
5171 =item Rational Software's Purify
5173 =item Purify on Unix
5175 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
5179 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
5181 =item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
5183 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
5187 =item Gprof Profiling
5189 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
5191 =item GCC gcov Profiling
5193 =item Pixie Profiling
5195 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
5198 =item Miscellaneous tricks
5202 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
5210 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
5218 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
5230 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
5232 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
5236 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
5240 =head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
5246 =item Highlights In 5.8.0
5248 =item Incompatible Changes
5252 =item Binary Incompatibility
5254 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5256 =item AIX Dynaloading
5258 =item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time.
5260 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5262 =item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
5264 =item New Unicode Properties
5266 =item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
5268 =item pack/unpack D/F recycled
5274 =item Core Enhancements
5278 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5280 =item Restricted Hashes
5284 =item Unicode Overhaul
5286 =item Understanding of Numbers
5288 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
5290 =item Miscellaneous Changes
5294 =item Modules and Pragmata
5298 =item New Modules and Pragmata
5300 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5304 =item Utility Changes
5306 =item New Documentation
5308 =item Performance Enhancements
5310 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5314 =item Generic Improvements
5316 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5320 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5324 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5328 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5330 =item Changed Internals
5332 =item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
5336 =item Known Problems
5342 =item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
5348 =item Cygwin "unable to remap"
5350 =item ext/threads/t/libc
5352 =item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
5354 =item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
5356 =item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t
5358 =item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
5360 =item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
5362 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5364 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5366 =item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
5368 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5370 =item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
5374 =item OS/2 Test Failures
5376 =item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
5380 =item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
5382 =item SUPER-UX (NEC SX)
5384 =item PDL failing some tests
5386 =item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
5388 =item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
5390 =item Timing problems
5392 =item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
5404 =item XML::Parser not working
5408 =item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
5410 =item Self-tying Problems
5412 =item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
5414 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5416 =item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
5418 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
5420 =item The Long Double Support Is Still Experimental
5422 =item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
5426 =item Reporting Bugs
5434 =head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
5440 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5442 =item Incompatible Changes
5446 =item 64-bit platforms and malloc
5448 =item AIX Dynaloading
5450 =item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
5452 =item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
5458 =item Core Enhancements
5460 =item Modules and Pragmata
5464 =item New Modules and Distributions
5466 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5470 =item Utility Changes
5472 =item New Documentation
5474 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5478 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5480 =item Generic Improvements
5484 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5488 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5492 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5494 =item Source Code Enhancements
5498 =item MAGIC constants
5500 =item Better commented code
5502 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
5510 =item Known Problems
5516 =item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
5518 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5520 =item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
5522 =item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
5524 =item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
5526 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5530 =item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
5532 =item Failure of Thread tests
5542 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5544 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5546 =item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
5548 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5550 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5552 =item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
5556 =item Reporting Bugs
5564 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
5570 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5572 =item Incompatible Changes
5574 =item Core Enhancements
5578 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
5580 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
5582 =item Signals Are Now Safe
5586 =item Modules and Pragmata
5592 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5596 =item Performance Enhancements
5598 =item Utility Changes
5600 =item New Documentation
5616 =item README.solaris
5620 =item Porting/repository.pod
5624 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5628 =item New Or Improved Platforms
5630 =item Generic Improvements
5632 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
5633 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
5634 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
5638 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5642 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5646 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5648 =item Changed Internals
5652 =item Known Problems
5656 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
5658 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5660 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5662 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5666 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5668 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
5670 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
5672 =item Failure of Thread tests
5674 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
5676 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
5678 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5680 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5684 =item Reporting Bugs
5692 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
5698 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
5700 =item Incompatible Changes
5702 =item Core Enhancements
5704 =item Modules and Pragmata
5710 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
5714 =item Utility Changes
5716 =item New Documentation
5718 =item Performance Enhancements
5720 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5724 =item Generic Improvements
5728 =item Selected Bug Fixes
5732 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
5736 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5738 =item Changed Internals
5740 =item Known Problems
5744 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
5746 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
5748 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
5750 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
5752 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
5754 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
5756 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
5758 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
5760 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
5762 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
5766 =item Reporting Bugs
5774 =head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
5780 =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
5784 =item Security Issues
5786 =item Core bug fixes
5788 C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
5789 Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
5790 references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
5791 errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
5792 map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
5793 Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
5798 =item Configuration issues
5802 =item Bundled modules
5804 B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
5805 Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
5806 IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
5807 Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
5809 =item Platform-specific improvements
5811 NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX
5815 =item Core Enhancements
5819 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
5821 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
5823 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
5825 =item Support for interpolating named characters
5827 =item "our" declarations
5829 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
5831 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
5833 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
5835 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
5837 =item open() with more than two arguments
5839 =item 64-bit support
5841 =item Large file support
5847 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
5849 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
5851 =item File globbing implemented internally
5853 =item Support for CHECK blocks
5855 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
5857 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
5859 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
5861 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
5863 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
5865 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
5867 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
5869 =item Comments in pack() templates
5871 =item Weak references
5873 =item Binary numbers supported
5875 =item Lvalue subroutines
5877 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
5879 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
5881 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
5883 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
5885 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
5887 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
5889 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
5891 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
5893 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
5895 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
5897 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
5899 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
5901 =item Improved diagnostics
5903 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
5905 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
5907 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
5909 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
5911 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
5913 =item Improved security features
5915 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
5917 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
5919 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
5921 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
5923 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
5925 =item Optional Y2K warnings
5927 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5931 =item Modules and Pragmata
5937 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5938 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5939 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5940 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5941 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5942 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5943 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5944 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5950 =item Utility Changes
5964 =item The Perl Debugger
5968 =item Improved Documentation
5970 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5971 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5972 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5973 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5975 =item Performance enhancements
5979 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5981 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5983 =item Faster subroutine calls
5985 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5989 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5993 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5995 =item New Configure flags
5997 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6003 =item -Duselargefiles
6005 =item installusrbinperl
6011 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6013 =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
6017 =item Platform specific changes
6021 =item Supported platforms
6025 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6033 =item Significant bug fixes
6037 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6039 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6041 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6043 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6045 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6047 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6049 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6051 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6053 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6055 =item Locale bugs fixed
6059 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6061 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6063 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6065 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6069 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6071 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6072 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6073 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6074 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6075 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6076 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6077 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6078 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6079 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6080 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6081 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6082 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6083 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6084 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6085 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6086 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6087 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6088 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6089 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6090 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6091 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6092 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6093 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6094 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6095 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6096 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6097 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6098 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6099 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6100 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6101 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6102 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6103 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6104 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6105 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6106 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6107 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6108 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6109 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6110 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6111 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6112 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6113 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6114 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6115 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6116 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6117 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6118 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6119 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6120 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6124 =item Incompatible Changes
6128 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6130 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6131 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6132 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6133 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6134 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6135 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6136 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6137 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6138 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6139 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6140 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6142 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6144 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6146 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6148 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6150 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6154 =item Known Problems
6158 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
6160 =item Known test failures
6162 =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
6164 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6166 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6168 =item Experimental features
6170 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6171 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6172 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6176 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6178 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6179 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6180 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6181 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6183 =item Reporting Bugs
6191 =head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
6197 =item Core Enhancements
6201 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
6203 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
6205 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
6207 =item Support for interpolating named characters
6209 =item "our" declarations
6211 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
6213 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
6215 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
6217 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
6219 =item open() with more than two arguments
6221 =item 64-bit support
6223 =item Large file support
6229 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
6231 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
6233 =item File globbing implemented internally
6235 =item Support for CHECK blocks
6237 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
6239 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
6241 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
6243 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
6245 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
6247 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
6249 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
6251 =item Comments in pack() templates
6253 =item Weak references
6255 =item Binary numbers supported
6257 =item Lvalue subroutines
6259 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
6261 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
6263 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
6265 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
6267 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
6269 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
6271 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
6273 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
6275 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
6277 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
6279 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
6281 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
6283 =item Improved diagnostics
6285 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
6287 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
6289 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
6291 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
6293 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
6295 =item Improved security features
6297 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
6299 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
6301 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
6303 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
6305 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
6307 =item Optional Y2K warnings
6309 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
6313 =item Modules and Pragmata
6319 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
6320 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
6321 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
6322 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
6323 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
6324 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
6325 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
6326 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
6332 =item Utility Changes
6346 =item The Perl Debugger
6350 =item Improved Documentation
6352 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
6353 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
6354 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
6355 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
6357 =item Performance enhancements
6361 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
6363 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
6365 =item Faster subroutine calls
6367 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
6371 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
6375 =item -Dusethreads means something different
6377 =item New Configure flags
6379 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
6385 =item -Duselargefiles
6387 =item installusrbinperl
6393 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
6397 =item Platform specific changes
6401 =item Supported platforms
6405 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
6413 =item Significant bug fixes
6417 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
6419 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
6421 =item All compilation errors are true errors
6423 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
6425 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
6427 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
6429 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
6431 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
6433 =item Failures in DESTROY()
6435 =item Locale bugs fixed
6439 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
6441 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
6443 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
6445 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
6449 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
6451 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
6452 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
6453 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
6454 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
6455 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
6456 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
6457 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
6458 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
6459 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
6460 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
6461 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
6462 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
6463 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
6464 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
6465 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
6466 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
6467 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
6468 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
6469 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
6470 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
6471 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
6472 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
6473 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
6474 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
6475 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
6476 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
6477 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
6478 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
6479 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
6480 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
6481 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
6482 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
6483 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
6484 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
6485 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
6486 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
6487 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
6488 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
6489 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
6490 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
6491 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
6492 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
6493 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
6494 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
6495 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
6496 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
6497 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
6498 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
6499 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
6500 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
6504 =item Incompatible Changes
6508 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
6510 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
6511 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
6512 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
6513 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
6514 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
6515 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
6516 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
6517 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
6518 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
6519 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
6520 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
6522 =item C Source Incompatibilities
6524 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
6526 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
6528 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
6530 =item Binary Incompatibilities
6534 =item Known Problems
6538 =item Thread test failures
6540 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
6542 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
6544 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
6546 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
6549 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
6551 =item Arrow operator and arrays
6553 =item Experimental features
6555 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
6556 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
6557 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
6561 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6563 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
6564 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
6565 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
6566 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
6568 =item Reporting Bugs
6576 =head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
6582 =item About the new versioning system
6584 =item Incompatible Changes
6588 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
6590 =item Default installation structure has changed
6592 =item Perl Source Compatibility
6594 =item C Source Compatibility
6596 =item Binary Compatibility
6598 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
6600 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
6614 =item Regular Expressions
6616 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
6617 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
6618 improvements, Incompatible changes
6620 =item Improved malloc()
6622 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
6624 =item Reliable signals
6626 =item Reliable stack pointers
6628 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
6632 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
6634 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
6636 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
6638 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
6640 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
6642 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
6644 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
6646 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
6648 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
6650 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
6652 =item Better locale support
6654 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
6656 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
6658 =item Extended support for exception handling
6660 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
6662 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
6664 =item New C<INIT> keyword
6666 =item New C<lock> keyword
6668 =item New C<qr//> operator
6670 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
6672 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
6674 =item Tied handles support is better
6676 =item 4th argument to substr
6678 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
6680 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
6682 =item <> now reads in records
6686 =item Supported Platforms
6692 =item Changes in existing support
6696 =item Modules and Pragmata
6702 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
6703 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
6704 Thread, attrs, fields, re
6706 =item Changes in existing modules
6708 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
6709 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
6713 =item Utility Changes
6715 =item Documentation Changes
6717 =item New Diagnostics
6719 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
6720 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
6721 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
6722 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
6723 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
6724 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
6725 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
6726 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
6727 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
6728 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
6729 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
6730 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
6731 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
6732 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
6733 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
6734 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
6735 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
6737 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
6739 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
6740 temporary file, regexp too big
6742 =item Configuration Changes
6752 =head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
6758 =item Supported Environments
6764 =item List assignment to %ENV works
6766 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
6768 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
6770 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
6772 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
6774 =item More precise warnings
6776 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
6778 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
6780 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
6782 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
6784 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
6786 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
6788 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
6790 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
6792 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
6794 =item Changes to tainting checks
6796 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
6797 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
6799 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
6801 =item Embedding improvements
6803 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
6805 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
6807 =item New and changed syntax
6811 =item New and changed builtin constants
6815 =item New and changed builtin variables
6819 =item New and changed builtin functions
6821 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
6822 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
6823 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
6824 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
6825 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
6827 =item New builtin methods
6829 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
6831 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
6833 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
6834 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
6836 =item Malloc enhancements
6838 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
6840 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
6844 =item Support for More Operating Systems
6860 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
6861 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
6867 =item Required Updates
6869 =item Installation directories
6871 =item Module information summary
6885 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
6889 =item Utility Changes
6895 Sends converted HTML to standard output
6899 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
6903 =item C Language API Changes
6905 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
6908 =item Documentation Changes
6910 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
6911 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
6913 =item New Diagnostics
6915 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
6916 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
6917 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
6918 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
6919 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
6920 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
6921 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
6922 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
6923 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
6924 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
6925 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
6926 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
6927 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
6928 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
6929 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
6930 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
6931 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
6932 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
6933 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
6934 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
6935 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
6936 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
6937 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
6938 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
6939 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
6949 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
6957 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
6961 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
6963 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
6965 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
6967 =item Using Large Files with Perl
6973 =item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
6983 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
6993 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
7009 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
7011 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
7013 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
7015 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
7021 =item Accessing documentation
7025 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
7027 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
7029 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
7031 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
7035 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
7039 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
7041 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
7043 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
7045 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
7047 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
7051 =item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
7059 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
7067 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
7069 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
7073 =item Contact Information
7075 =item Update 2002-05-30
7081 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
7091 =item gzip on BS2000
7093 =item bison on BS2000
7095 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
7097 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
7099 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
7101 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
7103 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
7105 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
7107 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
7141 =item Acknowledgements
7147 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
7153 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
7157 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
7159 =item Cygwin Configuration
7161 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
7165 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
7169 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
7171 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
7173 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
7174 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
7176 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
7178 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
7179 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
7182 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
7184 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
7188 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
7192 =item Warnings on Cygwin
7198 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
7202 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
7204 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
7206 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
7210 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
7212 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
7214 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
7215 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
7217 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
7225 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
7237 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
7241 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
7243 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
7245 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
7247 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
7257 =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
7267 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
7271 =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
7273 =item Building Perl on DOS
7275 =item Testing Perl on DOS
7277 =item Installation of Perl on DOS
7281 =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
7285 =item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
7287 =item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
7289 =item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
7291 =item Building XS Modules on DOS
7301 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
7309 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
7311 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
7315 =item Editors on Epoc
7317 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
7319 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
7321 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
7325 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
7333 =head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
7341 =item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
7343 =item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
7345 =item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
7353 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
7362 =item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
7364 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
7376 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
7378 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
7380 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
7382 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
7384 =item The GNU C Compiler
7386 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
7388 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
7390 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
7392 =item Oracle on HP-UX
7394 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
7396 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
7398 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
7400 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
7404 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
7412 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
7420 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
7428 =head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
7436 =item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
7438 =item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
7440 =item About Compiler Versions of Irix
7442 =item Linker Problems in Irix
7444 =item Malloc in Irix
7446 =item Building with threads in Irix
7454 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
7463 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
7465 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
7467 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
7469 =item Building external modules on MachTen
7479 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
7493 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
7499 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
7505 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
7513 =item Binary distribution from HP
7515 =item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
7517 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
7519 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
7521 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
7523 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
7525 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
7526 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
7528 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
7532 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
7534 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
7536 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
7538 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
7540 =item Perl/iX Change History
7556 SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
7568 =item Build new extensions
7570 =item Acknowledgements
7578 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
7598 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
7600 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
7602 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
7606 =item Frequently asked questions
7610 =item "It does not work"
7612 =item I cannot run external programs
7614 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
7617 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
7620 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
7622 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
7630 =item Automatic binary installation
7632 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
7634 =item Manual binary installation
7636 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
7637 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
7638 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
7639 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
7640 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
7646 =item Accessing documentation
7650 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
7658 =item GNU C<info> files
7670 =item The short story
7674 =item Getting perl source
7676 =item Application of the patches
7684 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
7687 =item Installing the built perl
7689 =item C<a.out>-style build
7697 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
7699 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
7701 =item Problems with tr or sed
7703 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
7705 =item Library ... not found
7707 =item Segfault in make
7709 =item op/sprintf test failure
7713 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
7717 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
7721 =item C<extproc> on the first line
7723 =item Additional modules:
7725 =item Prebuilt methods:
7727 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
7728 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
7729 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
7730 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
7731 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
7732 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
7733 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
7734 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
7735 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
7736 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
7737 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
7738 C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
7740 =item Prebuilt variables:
7742 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
7749 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
7752 =item Identifying DLLs
7754 =item Centralized management of resources
7756 C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
7757 C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
7758 C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
7759 C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
7773 =item F<perl___.exe>
7775 =item Why strange names?
7777 =item Why dynamic linking?
7779 =item Why chimera build?
7787 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
7789 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
7791 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
7793 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
7795 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
7797 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
7805 =item Text-mode filehandles
7809 =item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
7811 =item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
7813 Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
7816 =item DLL forwarder generation
7820 =item Calls to external programs
7822 =item Memory allocation
7826 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
7842 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
7855 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
7857 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
7859 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
7861 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
7863 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7865 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7867 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7869 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
7871 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
7873 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
7883 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
7891 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
7899 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
7901 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
7903 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
7905 =item QNX auxiliary files
7909 =item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
7917 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
7927 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
7929 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
7931 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
7933 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
7937 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
7941 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
7953 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
7961 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
7967 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
7973 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
7975 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
7977 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
7981 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
7985 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7987 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
7989 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
7993 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
7995 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
7996 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
7997 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
8003 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
8005 =item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
8009 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
8011 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
8015 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
8019 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
8021 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
8025 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
8027 =item BSD::Resource on Solaris
8029 =item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
8039 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
8040 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
8048 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
8050 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
8052 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
8054 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
8056 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
8058 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
8062 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
8064 =item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
8066 =item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
8072 =head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
8080 =item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
8082 =item Installing the built perl on UTS
8088 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
8098 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
8100 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
8102 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
8104 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
8106 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
8116 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
8122 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
8130 =item Organization of Perl Images
8136 =item Perl Extensions
8138 =item Installing static extensions
8140 =item Installing dynamic extensions
8144 =item File specifications
8150 =item Wildcard expansion
8156 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
8162 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
8164 =item Command line switches
8170 =item Perl functions
8172 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
8173 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
8174 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
8175 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
8177 =item Perl variables
8179 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
8181 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
8195 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
8203 =item Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
8205 =item Stratus POSIX Support
8209 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
8213 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
8215 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
8219 =item USING PERL IN VOS
8223 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
8225 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
8227 =item Handling of underflow and overflow
8233 =item SUPPORT STATUS
8241 =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
8251 =item Setting Up Perl on Win32
8253 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
8254 SDK 64-bit Compiler, Mingw32 with GCC
8258 =item Testing Perl on Win32
8260 =item Installation of Perl on Win32
8262 =item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
8264 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
8265 Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
8266 Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
8268 =item Running Perl Scripts
8270 Miscellaneous Things
8274 =item BUGS AND CAVEATS
8278 Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
8279 E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
8280 E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
8288 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
8290 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8302 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8312 =head2 threadshared::queue, threads::shared::queue - thread-safe queues
8320 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
8322 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
8328 =head2 threadshared::semaphore, threads::shared::semaphore - thread-safe
8337 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
8339 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
8343 =head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
8344 data structures between threads
8356 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
8357 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
8369 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
8378 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
8379 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->yield();, threads->list();, async
8384 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
8388 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are
8389 not threadsafe, will not be
8391 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
8397 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
8407 =item Built-in Attributes
8409 locked, method, lvalue
8411 =item Available Subroutines
8415 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
8417 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
8419 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
8427 =item Default exports
8429 =item Available exports
8431 =item Export tags defined
8441 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
8453 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
8469 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
8483 =head2 bigint - Transparent big integer support for Perl
8495 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8499 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8519 =head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
8531 a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
8535 =item INTERNAL FORMAT
8555 =head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
8577 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
8578 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
8579 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
8580 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
8581 perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
8591 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
8605 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
8618 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
8627 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
8629 =item charnames::viacode(code)
8631 =item charnames::vianame(name)
8635 =item ILLEGAL CHARACTERS
8641 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
8653 =item List constants
8655 =item Defining multiple constants at once
8657 =item Magic constants
8661 =item TECHNICAL NOTES
8671 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
8682 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
8684 =item The I<splain> Program
8698 =head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
8708 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
8709 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
8717 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
8721 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
8723 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
8725 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
8727 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
8733 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
8747 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
8757 =item subpragma access
8763 =head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
8777 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
8788 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
8798 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
8808 =item Adding directories to @INC
8810 =item Deleting directories from @INC
8812 =item Restoring original @INC
8826 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
8837 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
8845 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
8847 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
8853 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
8865 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
8875 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
8877 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
8879 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
8881 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
8883 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
8885 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
8887 =item Overloadable Operations
8889 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
8890 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
8891 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
8893 =item Inheritance and overloading
8895 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
8896 is inherited by derived classes
8900 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
8908 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
8910 =item Copy Constructor
8916 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
8918 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
8919 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
8920 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
8923 =item Losing overloading
8925 =item Run-time Overloading
8927 =item Public functions
8929 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
8931 =item Overloading constants
8933 integer, float, binary, q, qr
8935 =item IMPLEMENTATION
8937 =item Metaphor clash
8943 =item Two-face scalars
8945 =item Two-face references
8947 =item Symbolic calculator
8949 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
8957 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
8958 type, `%s' is not a code reference
8964 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
8974 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
8986 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
8988 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
8992 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
8996 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
9004 =head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
9016 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
9024 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
9028 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
9038 =head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
9047 $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
9048 threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->yield();, threads->list();, async
9053 A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
9057 Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are
9058 not threadsafe, will not be
9060 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
9066 =head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
9067 structures between threads
9079 share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
9080 cond_broadcast VARIABLE
9092 =head2 threadshared::queue, threads::shared::queue - thread-safe queues
9100 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
9102 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
9108 =head2 threadshared::semaphore, threads::shared::semaphore - thread-safe
9117 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
9119 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
9123 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
9134 =item Utility functions
9136 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]),
9137 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
9148 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
9158 =head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
9166 C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
9170 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
9178 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
9179 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
9180 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
9181 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
9182 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
9186 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
9196 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
9198 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
9208 =item DBM Comparisons
9218 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
9228 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
9232 =item Typed lexicals
9234 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
9236 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
9238 =item Phase-specific attribute handlers
9240 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
9248 C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
9249 attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
9250 future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
9251 C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
9252 be able to apply END handler>
9262 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
9272 =item Subroutine Stubs
9274 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9276 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
9278 =item Package Lexicals
9280 =item Not Using AutoLoader
9282 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
9292 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
9300 $keep, $check, $modtime
9304 =item Multiple packages
9312 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
9320 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
9324 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
9332 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
9346 =item B::PVMG METHODS
9350 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
9352 MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
9354 =item B::PVLV METHODS
9356 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
9360 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
9364 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
9365 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
9369 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
9370 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
9374 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
9378 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
9383 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
9385 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
9389 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
9391 =item B::UNOP METHOD
9395 =item B::BINOP METHOD
9399 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
9403 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
9407 =item B::PMOP METHODS
9409 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
9410 pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
9412 =item B::SVOP METHOD
9416 =item B::PADOP METHOD
9420 =item B::PVOP METHOD
9424 =item B::LOOP METHODS
9426 redoop, nextop, lastop
9428 =item B::COP METHODS
9430 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
9434 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
9436 main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
9437 regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP,
9438 METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE,
9439 PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c,
9440 cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
9446 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
9455 %insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
9461 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
9473 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9493 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9503 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9504 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9505 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9515 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
9525 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
9526 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
9527 B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
9538 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
9548 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
9549 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
9550 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
9562 =item Context of ".."
9566 =item Deprecated features
9574 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
9586 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
9587 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
9588 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
9590 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
9592 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
9593 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
9594 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
9595 B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
9596 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
9597 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
9598 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
9599 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
9605 =item OP flags abbreviations
9607 =item OP class abbreviations
9611 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
9617 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
9629 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
9639 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
9640 B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
9642 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
9652 =item ambient_pragmas
9654 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
9666 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
9678 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
9686 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
9688 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
9689 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
9691 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
9701 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
9711 =item IMPLEMENTATION
9719 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
9731 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
9743 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
9745 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
9757 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
9767 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
9775 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
9795 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
9809 =item Standard Exports
9811 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
9812 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
9813 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
9815 =item Optional Exports
9817 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
9818 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
9819 disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
9835 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
9839 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
9853 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
9863 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
9864 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
9865 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
9875 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
9887 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
9889 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
9891 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
9893 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
9895 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
9897 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
9899 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
9901 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
9903 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
9905 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
9907 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
9909 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
9911 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
9913 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
9915 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
9917 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
9919 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
9921 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
9922 B<:standard>, B<:all>
9926 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
9927 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
9930 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
9932 1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
9933 </table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
9938 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
9942 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
9944 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
9946 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
9948 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
9950 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
9952 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
9954 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
9956 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
9957 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
9959 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
9963 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
9967 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
9969 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
9971 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
9973 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
9975 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
9977 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
9978 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
9980 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
9984 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
9988 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
9990 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
9992 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
9994 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
9998 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
10000 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
10002 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
10006 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
10008 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
10012 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
10016 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
10020 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
10024 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
10028 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
10030 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
10032 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
10036 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
10040 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
10046 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
10047 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
10049 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
10051 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
10052 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
10055 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
10061 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
10065 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
10067 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
10068 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
10069 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
10070 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
10071 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
10073 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
10075 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
10080 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
10082 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
10084 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
10085 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
10087 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
10089 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10093 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
10094 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
10095 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
10096 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
10097 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
10098 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
10099 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
10100 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
10101 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
10102 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
10103 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
10104 ...and many many more..
10106 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
10114 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
10124 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10132 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
10141 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
10143 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
10147 =item Changing the default message
10151 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
10161 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
10169 =item USING CGI::Cookie
10171 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
10175 =item Creating New Cookies
10177 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
10179 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
10181 =item Manipulating Cookies
10183 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
10187 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10195 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
10203 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
10205 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
10207 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
10209 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
10211 =item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
10213 FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
10217 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10225 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
10235 =item Tags that won't be formatted
10237 =item Customizing the Indenting
10249 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
10257 =item USING CGI::Push
10259 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
10263 =item Heterogeneous Pages
10265 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
10269 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
10271 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10279 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
10289 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10297 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
10305 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
10311 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
10321 =item Interactive Mode
10323 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
10324 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
10325 distribution, ls author, Signals
10333 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
10335 =item Programmer's interface
10337 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
10339 =item Methods in the other Classes
10341 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
10342 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
10343 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
10344 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
10345 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
10346 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
10347 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
10348 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
10349 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
10350 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
10351 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
10352 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
10353 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
10354 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
10355 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
10356 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
10357 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
10358 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
10359 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
10360 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
10361 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
10362 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
10363 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
10364 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
10365 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
10366 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
10368 =item Cache Manager
10372 =item Prerequisites
10374 =item Finding packages and VERSION
10378 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
10382 =item CONFIGURATION
10384 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
10385 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
10386 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
10387 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
10391 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
10393 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
10401 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
10403 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
10407 =item Three basic types of firewalls
10409 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
10411 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
10417 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
10429 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
10439 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
10452 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
10462 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
10470 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
10472 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
10482 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
10483 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
10484 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
10486 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
10494 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
10504 =item The C<struct()> function
10506 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
10508 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
10510 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
10511 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
10513 =item Initializing with C<new>
10519 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
10521 =item Author and Modification History
10525 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
10533 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
10545 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
10549 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
10550 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
10551 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
10552 C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
10556 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
10560 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
10561 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
10562 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
10563 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
10564 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
10565 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
10566 C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
10570 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
10571 C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>,
10572 C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
10573 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
10574 C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
10575 C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>,
10576 C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>,
10577 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
10578 C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
10579 C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>,
10580 C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>,
10581 C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>,
10582 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>,
10583 C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
10584 C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
10585 C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>,
10586 C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
10587 C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
10588 C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
10589 C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>,
10590 C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
10591 C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>,
10592 C<d_gethostent_r>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>,
10593 C<d_getlogin_r>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
10594 C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>,
10595 C<d_getnetent_r>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
10596 C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
10597 C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>,
10598 C<d_getprotobynumber_r>, C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>,
10599 C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>,
10600 C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
10601 C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>, C<d_getservent_r>,
10602 C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>, C<d_gettimeod>,
10603 C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
10604 C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>,
10605 C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>,
10606 C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
10607 C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
10608 C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
10609 C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
10610 C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
10611 C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
10612 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
10613 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
10614 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
10615 C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
10616 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
10617 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
10618 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
10619 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
10620 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>,
10621 C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
10622 C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
10623 C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
10624 C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
10625 C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
10626 C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
10627 C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>,
10628 C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>,
10629 C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>,
10630 C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>,
10631 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>,
10632 C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>,
10633 C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>,
10634 C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
10635 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>,
10636 C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
10637 C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
10638 C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>,
10639 C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
10640 C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
10641 C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
10642 C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
10643 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
10644 C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
10645 C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
10646 C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
10647 C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
10648 C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
10649 C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
10650 C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
10651 C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
10652 C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
10653 C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
10654 C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
10655 C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
10656 C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
10657 C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
10658 C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
10659 C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
10663 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
10664 C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
10665 C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
10666 C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
10670 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
10671 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
10676 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>, C<getgrgid_r_proto>,
10677 C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>, C<gethostbyname_r_proto>,
10678 C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>, C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>,
10679 C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>, C<getprotobyname_r_proto>,
10680 C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>, C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>,
10681 C<getpwnam_r_proto>, C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>,
10682 C<getservbyport_r_proto>, C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>,
10683 C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>,
10684 C<gmtime_r_proto>, C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>,
10689 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
10693 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
10694 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
10695 C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
10696 C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
10697 C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
10698 C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
10699 C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
10700 C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
10701 C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
10702 C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
10703 C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
10704 C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
10705 C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
10706 C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
10707 C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
10708 C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
10709 C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
10710 C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
10711 C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
10712 C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
10713 C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
10714 C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
10715 C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
10716 C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
10720 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
10724 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
10725 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
10726 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
10727 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
10728 C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
10729 C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
10734 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
10735 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
10736 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
10740 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
10741 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
10745 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
10746 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
10747 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
10748 C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
10749 C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
10753 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
10754 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
10758 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
10759 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
10763 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
10764 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
10765 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
10766 C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
10770 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
10774 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
10775 C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
10776 C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
10780 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
10781 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
10782 C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
10783 C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
10784 C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
10785 C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
10786 C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
10787 C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
10788 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
10789 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
10790 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
10791 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
10792 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>,
10793 C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
10794 C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
10795 C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
10796 C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
10800 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
10801 C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
10806 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
10807 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
10808 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
10809 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
10810 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
10811 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
10812 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
10813 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
10814 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
10818 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
10819 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
10820 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
10821 C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
10825 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
10829 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
10841 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
10851 =item getcwd and friends
10853 getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
10855 =item abs_path and friends
10857 abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
10869 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
10881 =item Global Variables
10883 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
10884 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
10889 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
10890 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
10892 =item Client Callback Methods
10894 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
10895 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
10896 CLIENT->output(LIST)
10906 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
10914 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
10918 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
10920 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
10922 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
10924 =item Default Parameters
10926 =item In Memory Databases
10934 =item A Simple Example
10942 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
10944 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
10946 =item The get_dup() Method
10948 =item The find_dup() Method
10950 =item The del_dup() Method
10952 =item Matching Partial Keys
10960 =item The 'bval' Option
10962 =item A Simple Example
10964 =item Extra RECNO Methods
10966 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
10967 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
10968 length, elements);>
10970 =item Another Example
10974 =item THE API INTERFACE
10976 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
10977 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
10978 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
10979 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
10983 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
10984 B<filter_fetch_value>
10990 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
10992 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
10996 =item HINTS AND TIPS
11000 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
11002 =item Safe ways to lock a database
11004 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
11006 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
11008 =item The untie() Gotcha
11012 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
11016 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
11018 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
11020 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
11022 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
11042 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
11043 printing and C<eval>
11055 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
11056 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
11057 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
11064 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
11066 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11067 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11068 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11069 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11070 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11071 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11072 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11073 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11074 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11075 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11076 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11077 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11078 $Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11079 $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
11080 $Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
11100 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
11108 =item PROFILE FORMAT
11120 =head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
11142 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
11152 =item Runtime debugging
11154 =item Memory footprint debugging
11162 =item A simple scalar string
11164 =item A simple scalar number
11166 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
11168 =item A reference to a simple scalar
11170 =item A reference to an array
11172 =item A reference to a hash
11174 =item Dumping a large array or hash
11176 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
11178 =item A reference to a subroutine
11192 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
11202 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
11210 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
11214 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
11215 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
11216 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
11224 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
11234 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
11238 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
11239 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
11251 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
11263 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
11275 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
11276 C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
11277 C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
11282 dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
11283 compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
11289 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
11297 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
11298 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
11299 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
11300 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
11307 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
11320 =head2 Encode - character encodings
11328 =item Table of Contents
11340 =item PERL ENCODING API
11342 $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
11343 $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
11344 CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
11349 =item Listing available encodings
11351 =item Defining Aliases
11355 =item Encoding via PerlIO
11357 =item Handling Malformed Data
11359 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
11360 I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
11361 (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
11362 Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
11367 =item Unimplemented fallback schemes
11371 =item Defining Encodings
11373 =item The UTF-8 flag
11375 Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
11379 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
11381 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
11391 =head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
11399 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11404 =item Alias overloading
11412 =head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
11426 =head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11428 =head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
11444 =head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
11446 =head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
11448 =head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
11462 =head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
11472 =item Methods you should implement
11474 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11476 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11478 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11480 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11484 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11488 =item Compiled Encodings
11494 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11498 =head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
11508 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11509 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11510 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11520 =head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
11530 =item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
11538 =head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11540 =head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
11542 =head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
11556 =head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
11558 =head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
11574 =head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
11580 =item How does it work?
11588 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11596 =head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
11604 =item Encoding Names
11608 =item Supported Encodings
11612 =item Built-in Encodings
11614 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11616 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11618 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11619 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11621 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11623 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11624 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11625 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11627 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11629 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11633 =item Unsupported encodings
11635 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11636 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11637 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11638 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11640 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11642 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11646 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11648 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11654 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11655 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11662 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11663 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11667 =item Other Notable Sites
11669 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11670 "Introduction to i18n"
11672 =item Offline sources
11674 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11680 =head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
11694 =head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
11710 =head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
11718 L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
11720 =item Size, Endianness, and BOM
11726 =item by endianness
11728 BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
11732 =item Surrogate Pairs
11738 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
11747 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
11752 =item Alias overloading
11760 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
11761 Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
11763 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
11766 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
11769 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
11770 Implementation Base Class
11780 =item Methods you should implement
11782 -E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
11784 =item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
11786 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
11788 =item Example: Encode::ROT13
11792 =item Why the heck Encode API is different?
11796 =item Compiled Encodings
11802 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
11806 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
11817 Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
11818 Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
11819 guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
11829 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
11830 Encode::JP::2022_JP*
11832 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
11835 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
11838 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
11839 and 'Q' header encoding
11855 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
11856 on Encode and PerlIO
11862 =item How does it work?
11870 =item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
11878 =head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
11879 supported by Encode
11887 =item Encoding Names
11891 =item Supported Encodings
11895 =item Built-in Encodings
11897 =item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
11899 =item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
11901 ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
11902 the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
11904 =item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
11906 Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
11907 Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
11908 Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
11910 =item Miscellaneous encodings
11912 Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
11916 =item Unsupported encodings
11918 ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
11919 Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
11920 System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
11921 Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
11923 =item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
11925 =item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
11929 =item Microsoft-related naming mess
11931 KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
11937 character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
11938 (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
11945 ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
11946 RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
11950 =item Other Notable Sites
11952 czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
11953 "Introduction to i18n"
11955 =item Offline sources
11957 C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
11963 =head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
11969 use Encode::Encoder;
11970 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
11971 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
11973 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
11974 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
11975 # you can stack them!
11976 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
11977 # you can use it as a decoder as well
11978 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
11980 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
11982 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
11990 =item Predefined Methods
11992 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
11993 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
11994 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
11996 =item Example: base64 transcoder
11998 =item Operator Overloading
12006 =head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
12007 non-ascii or non-utf8
12017 use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
12018 I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
12026 =item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
12030 =item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
12032 use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
12034 =item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
12036 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
12042 =head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
12048 use Encode::Encoder;
12049 # Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
12050 Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
12052 use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
12053 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
12054 # you can stack them!
12055 encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
12056 # you can use it as a decoder as well
12057 encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
12059 print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
12061 encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
12069 =item Predefined Methods
12071 $e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
12072 $e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
12073 $e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
12075 =item Example: base64 transcoder
12077 =item Operator Overloading
12085 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
12098 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
12113 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
12129 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
12139 =item How to Export
12141 =item Selecting What To Export
12143 =item How to Import
12145 C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
12149 =item Advanced features
12153 =item Specialised Import Lists
12155 =item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
12157 =item Module Version Checking
12159 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
12161 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
12163 =item Generating combined tags
12165 =item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
12171 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
12181 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
12202 mv source... destination
12204 cp source... destination
12222 =head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
12234 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
12244 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
12252 perl_stringify NAME
12256 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
12258 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
12262 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
12270 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
12273 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12275 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
12277 WriteMakefileSnippet
12279 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
12280 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
12288 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
12300 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
12301 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
12311 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
12321 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
12333 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
12334 packlist(), version()
12342 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
12350 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
12351 dynamic extensions at load time
12357 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
12367 =item VMS implementation
12369 =item Win32 implementation
12377 =head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
12387 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
12395 =item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
12399 =item File::Spec wrappers B<DEPRECATED>
12413 file_name_is_absolute
12423 =item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
12437 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12438 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12450 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12451 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12459 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
12463 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12473 =item Overridden methods
12475 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12489 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12490 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12532 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12533 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12549 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12550 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12564 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
12574 =item Overridden methods
12576 B<replace_manpage_separator>
12590 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12604 =item SelfLoaded methods
12656 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
12704 maybe_command_in_dirs
12728 post_initialize (o)
12742 replace_manpage_separator
12756 test_via_harness (override)
12758 test_via_script (override)
12788 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12789 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12799 =item Methods always loaded
12811 guess_name (override)
12815 find_perl (override)
12817 maybe_command (override)
12819 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
12821 perl_script (override)
12823 replace_manpage_separator
12825 init_main (override)
12827 init_others (override)
12829 constants (override)
12833 const_cccmd (override)
12835 pm_to_blib (override)
12837 tool_autosplit (override)
12839 tool_sxubpp (override)
12841 xsubpp_version (override)
12843 tools_other (override)
12853 top_targets (override)
12857 dynamic_lib (override)
12859 dynamic_bs (override)
12861 static_lib (override)
12863 manifypods (override)
12865 processPL (override)
12867 installbin (override)
12869 subdir_x (override)
12873 realclean (override)
12875 dist_core (override)
12877 dist_test (override)
12881 perldepend (override)
12883 makefile (override)
12885 find_tests (override)
12889 makeaperl (override)
12891 nicetext (override)
12893 prefixify (override)
12895 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
12896 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
12918 tool_autosplit (override)
12934 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
12944 =head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
12954 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
12964 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
12966 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
12974 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
12978 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
12980 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
12982 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
12984 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
12986 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
12987 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
12988 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST,
12989 FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
12990 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT,
12991 INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR,
12992 INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB,
12993 INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
12994 INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB,
12995 LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS,
12996 MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT,
12997 OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
12998 PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
12999 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
13000 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
13001 PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION,
13002 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
13004 =item Additional lowercase attributes
13006 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
13009 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
13011 =item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
13013 C<<MAN3PODS => ' '>>
13015 =item Hintsfile support
13017 =item Distribution Support
13019 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
13020 make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
13021 uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
13023 =item Disabling an extension
13029 PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
13037 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
13045 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
13049 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
13053 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
13054 C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
13058 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
13066 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
13078 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
13088 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
13097 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
13105 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
13117 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
13125 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
13135 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
13147 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
13157 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
13161 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
13169 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
13173 C<basename>, C<dirname>
13177 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
13191 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
13205 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
13215 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
13217 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
13229 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
13239 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
13251 =head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
13259 B<find>, B<finddepth>
13265 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
13266 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
13267 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
13269 =item The wanted function
13271 C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
13272 filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
13273 pathname to the file
13281 $dont_use_nlink, symlinks
13289 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
13297 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
13298 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
13299 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
13303 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
13311 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
13323 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
13333 canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
13334 no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
13335 splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
13343 =head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
13353 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
13371 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
13389 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
13417 file_name_is_absolute
13447 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
13457 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
13490 file_name_is_absolute
13512 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
13528 =item Methods always loaded
13530 canonpath (override)
13548 case_tolerant (override)
13552 file_name_is_absolute (override)
13554 splitpath (override)
13556 splitdir (override)
13570 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
13596 =item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
13606 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
13630 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
13644 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
13654 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
13662 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
13670 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
13672 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
13684 =item Temporary files and NFS
13696 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
13710 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
13718 cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
13726 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
13734 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
13740 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
13754 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
13756 =item All-in-one interface
13758 =item Filtering only specific components of source code
13760 C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
13763 =item Filtering only the code parts of source code
13765 Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
13766 into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
13767 component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
13769 described in the previous section.
13771 =item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
13773 =item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
13785 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
13795 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
13799 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
13801 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
13809 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
13811 =item Example 2: Using the context
13813 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
13815 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
13819 =item Filter::Simple
13827 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
13835 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
13847 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
13863 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
13871 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
13873 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
13877 =item Simple options
13879 =item A little bit less simple options
13881 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
13883 =item Options with values
13885 =item Options with multiple values
13887 =item Options with hash values
13889 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
13891 =item Options with multiple names
13893 =item Case and abbreviations
13895 =item Summary of Option Specifications
13897 !, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
13902 =item Advanced Possibilities
13906 =item Object oriented interface
13908 =item Thread Safety
13910 =item Documentation and help texts
13912 =item Storing options in a hash
13916 =item The lonesome dash
13918 =item Argument callback
13922 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
13924 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
13925 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
13926 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
13927 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
13928 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
13930 =item Return values and Errors
13936 =item Default destinations
13938 =item Alternative option starters
13940 =item Configuration variables
13944 =item Trouble Shooting
13948 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
13950 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
13953 =item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
13955 =item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
13961 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
13965 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
13976 =head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
13986 =item Restricted hashes
13988 lock_keys, unlock_keys
13994 lock_value, unlock_value
13996 B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
14006 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
14017 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
14028 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
14030 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
14032 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14034 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
14036 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
14038 the function super_languages($lang1)
14040 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
14042 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
14044 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
14046 the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
14050 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
14052 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
14062 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
14070 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
14072 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
14074 {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
14075 Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
14076 {aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
14077 Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
14078 Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
14079 Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
14080 Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
14081 [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
14082 Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
14083 {ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
14084 Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
14085 (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
14086 (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
14087 Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
14088 Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
14089 Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
14090 Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
14091 [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
14092 [{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
14093 Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
14094 : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
14095 Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
14096 {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
14097 Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
14098 pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
14099 [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
14100 and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
14101 Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
14102 (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
14103 : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
14104 Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
14105 {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
14106 {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
14107 (ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
14108 Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
14109 Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
14110 : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
14111 Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
14112 {gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
14113 {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
14114 {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
14115 Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
14116 Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
14117 Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
14118 {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
14119 Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
14120 {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
14121 {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
14122 {id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
14123 Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
14124 : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
14125 Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
14126 Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
14127 {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
14128 Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
14129 Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
14130 : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
14131 {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
14132 {kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
14133 Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
14134 : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
14135 {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
14136 Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
14137 Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
14138 Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
14139 {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
14140 Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
14141 {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
14142 languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
14143 Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
14144 : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
14145 Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
14146 Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
14147 : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
14148 Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
14149 Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
14150 Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
14151 {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
14152 {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
14153 : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
14154 {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
14155 {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
14156 languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
14157 Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
14158 Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
14159 (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
14160 : Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
14161 {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
14162 Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
14163 [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
14164 Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
14165 languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
14166 {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
14167 Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
14168 [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
14169 {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
14170 {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
14171 Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
14172 {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
14173 Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
14174 Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
14175 : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
14176 Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
14177 Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
14178 Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
14179 : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
14180 : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
14181 {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
14182 (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
14183 Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
14184 (1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
14185 {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
14186 Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
14187 Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
14188 {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
14189 {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
14190 {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
14191 languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
14192 Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
14196 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
14202 =head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
14220 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
14224 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
14234 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
14242 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14243 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14253 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14263 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14267 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14275 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
14285 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14289 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14290 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14291 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14292 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14304 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14314 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14318 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14328 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14338 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14339 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14349 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
14357 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14358 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14367 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
14377 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14381 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14382 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14383 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14393 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
14407 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14408 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14418 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
14434 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14447 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
14461 hostpath(), peerpath()
14471 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
14480 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
14481 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
14491 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
14501 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
14505 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
14513 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
14524 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
14528 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
14529 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
14530 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
14531 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
14543 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
14553 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
14557 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
14567 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
14577 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
14578 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
14588 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
14597 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
14598 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
14607 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
14618 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
14622 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
14623 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
14624 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
14634 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
14649 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
14650 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
14660 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
14661 AF_INET domain sockets
14677 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
14690 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
14691 AF_UNIX domain sockets
14705 hostpath(), peerpath()
14715 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14725 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14726 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14737 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
14751 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
14764 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
14774 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14775 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14776 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14787 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
14805 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
14815 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
14816 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
14827 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
14838 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
14839 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
14840 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
14851 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
14859 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14860 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14864 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14870 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
14871 general-utility list subroutines
14879 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
14880 BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
14884 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
14890 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
14891 general-utility scalar subroutines
14899 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
14900 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14910 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
14918 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14922 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
14930 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
14938 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
14940 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14942 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
14943 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
14945 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14947 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
14949 =item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
14955 =item rename_country
14963 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
14967 Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
14968 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
14969 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
14970 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
14978 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
14979 identification (ISO 4217)
14989 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
14991 code2currency(), currency2code()
14993 =item QUERY ROUTINES
14995 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
14999 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15003 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
15004 http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
15012 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
15021 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15023 code2language(), language2code()
15025 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15027 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
15031 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15035 Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
15036 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
15044 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
15052 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
15058 =item Construction Methods
15060 =item The "maketext" Method
15062 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
15064 =item Utility Methods
15066 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
15067 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
15068 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
15069 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
15071 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
15075 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
15077 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
15079 =item BRACKET NOTATION
15081 =item AUTO LEXICONS
15083 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
15085 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
15089 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
15095 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
15103 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
15107 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
15109 =item The Linguistic View
15111 =item Breaking gettext
15113 =item Replacing gettext
15115 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
15117 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
15119 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
15121 =item Buzzword: Concision
15123 =item The Devil in the Details
15125 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
15133 =head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
15141 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
15145 =item SPECIAL CODES
15149 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
15151 code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
15152 script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
15154 =item QUERY ROUTINES
15156 C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
15160 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
15164 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
15165 http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
15173 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
15181 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
15185 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
15193 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
15194 of quoted-printable strings
15202 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15208 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
15217 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
15223 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
15233 =item Canonical notation
15237 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
15239 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
15243 ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
15244 ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
15252 =item Autocreating constants
15258 =item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
15266 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
15274 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
15282 Canonical notation, Input, Output
15304 =item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
15306 =item is_positive()/is_negative()
15308 $x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
15309 $x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
15311 =item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
15397 =item ACCURACY and PRECISION
15407 =item Rounding mode R
15409 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
15410 (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
15411 Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
15424 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
15432 =item Autocreating constants
15438 =item Alternative math libraries
15444 =item Subclassing Math::BigInt
15452 bsqrt(), div(), blog()
15458 Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
15462 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
15463 handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
15464 types, bsqrt(), brsft()
15474 =head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
15484 =item WRAP YOUR OWN
15488 This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
15490 the same terms as Perl itself.
15498 =head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals
15520 =item denominator()
15522 $d = $x->denominator();
15532 =item bround()/round()/bfround()
15546 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
15559 =item STRINGIFICATION
15563 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
15569 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
15571 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
15579 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
15587 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
15593 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
15595 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
15599 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15601 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
15605 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
15607 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
15609 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
15610 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
15614 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
15620 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
15630 =head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
15648 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
15650 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
15654 =item OTHER FACILITIES
15660 =item C<flush_cache>
15666 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
15668 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
15676 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
15682 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
15691 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
15702 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
15714 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15722 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
15730 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
15739 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
15748 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
15756 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
15764 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
15770 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
15774 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
15778 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
15788 =item Enforcing redispatch
15790 =item Avoiding repetitions
15796 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15802 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
15812 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
15815 =item CLASS METHODS
15817 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
15818 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
15819 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
15829 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
15839 requires_firewall HOST
15841 =item NetConfig VALUES
15843 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
15844 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
15845 ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
15849 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
15858 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
15866 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
15878 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
15882 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
15883 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
15884 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
15885 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
15886 mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
15887 REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
15888 ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
15889 REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
15890 CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
15891 ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
15892 FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
15893 DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
15894 pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
15898 =item Methods for the adventurous
15904 =item THE dataconn CLASS
15906 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
15907 bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
15909 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
15911 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
15913 =item REPORTING BUGS
15921 http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
15929 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
15939 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
15943 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
15944 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
15945 MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
15946 ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
15947 postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
15948 DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
15949 post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
15953 =item Extension methods
15955 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
15956 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
15957 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
15958 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
15967 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
15977 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
15989 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
15993 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
15994 PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
15995 [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
15996 MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
16008 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
16020 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->source_verify( {
16021 0 | 1 } );, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->ping($host
16022 [, $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [,
16037 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
16049 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
16053 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
16054 PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
16055 ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
16056 ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
16057 ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
16058 DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
16071 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
16079 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
16080 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
16088 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
16105 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
16113 =item Where to get this document
16115 =item How to contribute to this document
16119 =item Author and Copyright Information
16127 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
16131 =item What is libnet ?
16133 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
16135 =item What other modules do I need ?
16137 =item What machines support libnet ?
16139 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
16143 =item Using Net::FTP
16147 =item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
16149 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
16151 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
16153 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
16156 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
16158 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
16160 =item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
16162 =item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
16164 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
16166 =item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
16169 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
16171 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
16174 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
16177 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
16181 =item Using Net::SMTP
16185 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
16188 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
16190 =item The verify method always returns true ?
16194 =item Debugging scripts
16198 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
16202 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
16206 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
16223 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
16238 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
16255 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
16263 =item THE .netrc FILE
16265 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
16270 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
16274 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
16284 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
16294 =item IMPLEMENTATION
16302 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
16310 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
16316 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
16320 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
16324 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
16336 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
16338 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
16339 or optag, an operator set (opset)
16341 =item Opcode Functions
16343 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
16344 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
16345 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
16348 =item Manipulating Opsets
16350 =item TO DO (maybe)
16356 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
16358 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
16359 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
16360 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
16369 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
16378 a new namespace, an operator mask
16384 =item RECENT CHANGES
16386 =item Methods in class Safe
16388 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
16389 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
16390 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
16391 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
16393 =item Some Safety Issues
16395 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
16403 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
16416 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
16430 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
16431 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
16432 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
16433 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
16434 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
16435 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
16436 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
16437 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
16438 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
16439 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
16440 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
16441 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
16442 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
16443 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
16444 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
16445 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
16446 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
16447 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
16448 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
16449 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
16450 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
16451 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
16452 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
16453 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
16454 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
16461 =item POSIX::SigAction
16465 =item POSIX::SigSet
16467 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
16469 =item POSIX::Termios
16471 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
16472 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
16473 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
16474 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
16475 values, c_oflag field values
16479 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
16483 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
16487 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
16541 Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
16542 WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
16546 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
16555 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw
16559 =item Alternatives to raw
16561 =item Defaults and how to override them
16571 =head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
16583 =head2 PerlIO::scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
16593 =head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
16601 =item EXPECTED METHODS
16603 $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
16604 $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]),
16605 $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]), $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]),
16606 $obj->FILENO($fh), $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh),
16607 $obj->FILL($fh), $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh),
16608 $obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh),
16609 $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh),
16616 =item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
16622 =head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
16636 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
16642 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
16648 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
16660 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
16661 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
16662 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
16663 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
16664 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
16665 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
16666 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
16667 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
16672 multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
16673 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
16674 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
16675 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
16676 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
16677 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
16681 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
16682 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
16694 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
16696 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
16699 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
16701 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
16703 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
16705 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
16707 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
16715 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
16727 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
16729 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
16736 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
16742 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
16744 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
16751 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
16763 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
16773 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
16774 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
16789 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
16802 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
16803 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
16809 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
16833 =item B<was_cutting()>
16839 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
16845 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
16851 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16857 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
16863 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16869 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
16875 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
16881 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16887 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16893 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
16899 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
16905 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
16911 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16917 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
16923 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
16929 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
16935 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
16941 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
16947 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
16953 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
16959 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
16965 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
16971 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
16977 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
16983 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
16989 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
16995 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
17001 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
17007 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
17019 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
17031 =item OBJECT METHODS
17039 =item Data Accessors
17055 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
17057 B<StartWithNewPage>
17071 =item Subclassed methods
17085 B<interior_sequence>
17101 =item Methods for headings
17109 =item Internal methods
17115 B<_replace_special_chars>
17117 B<_replace_special_chars_late>
17123 B<_clean_latex_commands>
17125 B<_split_delimited>
17141 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
17149 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
17154 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
17155 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
17156 escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
17167 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17171 =head2 Pod::ParseLink -- Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
17181 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17185 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
17199 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
17207 $list-E<gt>indent()
17215 $list-E<gt>parent()
17221 =item Pod::Hyperlink
17223 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
17227 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
17229 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
17233 $link-E<gt>warning()
17235 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
17241 $link-E<gt>alttext()
17251 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
17257 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
17261 =item Pod::Cache::Item
17263 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
17267 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
17269 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
17271 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
17273 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
17275 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
17277 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
17279 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
17289 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
17301 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
17303 =item PARSING OPTIONS
17305 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
17306 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
17312 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17320 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17326 =item B<verbatim()>
17328 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17334 =item B<textblock()>
17336 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
17342 =item B<interior_sequence()>
17348 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
17360 =item B<initialize()>
17366 =item B<begin_pod()>
17372 =item B<begin_input()>
17378 =item B<end_input()>
17390 =item B<preprocess_line()>
17396 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
17402 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
17408 =item B<parse_text()>
17410 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
17411 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
17412 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
17418 =item B<interpolate()>
17424 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
17430 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
17436 =item B<parse_from_file()>
17442 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
17448 =item B<errorsub()>
17460 =item B<parseopts()>
17466 =item B<output_file()>
17472 =item B<output_handle()>
17478 =item B<input_file()>
17484 =item B<input_handle()>
17490 =item B<input_streams()>
17496 =item B<top_stream()>
17502 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17508 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
17514 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
17520 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
17528 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
17548 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
17561 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
17563 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
17569 =item OBJECT METHODS
17575 =item B<curr_headings()>
17587 =item B<add_selection()>
17593 =item B<clear_selections()>
17599 =item B<match_section()>
17605 =item B<is_selected()>
17611 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
17617 =item B<podselect()>
17619 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
17625 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
17631 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
17637 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
17643 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
17655 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
17663 alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
17667 Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
17668 %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
17669 %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
17680 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17684 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
17698 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17702 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
17717 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17721 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
17722 text with format escapes
17736 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
17740 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
17749 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
17758 =item Recommended Use
17766 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
17770 =head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
17777 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17781 =item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
17785 =item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
17789 =item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
17795 =item OVER AND ITEMS
17797 This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
17800 =item FORMATTING CODES
17802 E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
17810 =head2 Pod::t::htmlescp, Escape Sequences Test
17818 =head2 Pod::t::htmlview, Test HTML Rendering
17826 =item METHODS =E<gt> OTHER STUFF
17832 foo, bar, baz, C<Black> Cat, Sat S<I<on> the>, MatE<lt>!E<gt>, 1 Cat, 2
17839 =item TESTING FOR AND BEGIN
17841 =item TESTING URLs hyperlinking
17847 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
17855 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
17861 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
17865 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
17869 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
17877 a new namespace, an operator mask
17883 =item RECENT CHANGES
17885 =item Methods in class Safe
17887 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
17888 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
17889 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
17890 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
17892 =item Some Safety Issues
17894 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
17902 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
17910 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
17911 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
17921 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
17931 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
17941 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
17951 =item The __DATA__ token
17953 =item SelfLoader autoloading
17955 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
17957 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
17959 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
17961 =item Classes and inherited methods.
17965 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
17969 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
17979 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
17987 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
17988 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
17996 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
17997 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
17998 ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
17999 unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
18000 SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
18004 =head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
18014 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
18018 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
18020 =item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
18022 utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
18024 =item ERROR REPORTING
18032 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
18037 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
18038 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
18046 =item Storable magic
18056 =item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
18068 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
18082 =item Allowing fall-through
18084 =item Automating fall-through
18086 =item Alternative syntax
18088 =item Higher-order Operations
18104 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
18114 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
18126 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
18127 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18135 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18136 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18137 in 5.004_02), closelog
18147 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
18148 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
18156 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
18157 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
18158 in 5.004_02), closelog
18168 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
18178 Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
18179 use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
18180 comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
18184 ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
18198 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
18214 B<Tgetent>, OSPEED, TERM
18216 B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18218 B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
18220 B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
18228 =item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
18236 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
18244 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
18254 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
18255 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
18263 =item Minimal set of supported functions
18265 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
18266 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
18268 =item Additional supported functions
18270 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
18280 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
18306 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
18310 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18320 =head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
18340 =item Setting up tests
18356 =item Running tests
18362 B<is_eq>, B<is_num>
18364 B<isnt_eq>, B<isnt_num>
18390 B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
18402 B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
18406 =item Test Status and Info
18414 B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
18438 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
18448 =item The test script output
18450 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
18451 B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
18456 =item Configuration variables.
18458 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
18462 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
18489 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
18490 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
18491 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
18492 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
18496 C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
18497 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
18498 C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
18512 =head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
18538 =head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
18548 =head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
18586 B<_restore_PERL5LIB>
18602 B<_reset_file_state>
18622 =head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
18632 =item I love it when a plan comes together
18642 =item I'm ok, you're not ok.
18682 =item Conditional tests
18688 B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
18690 When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
18694 =item Comparison functions
18708 =item Extending and Embedding Test::More
18718 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
18720 Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
18733 =head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
18757 L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
18766 =head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
18774 =item Nuts and bolts of testing.
18776 =item Where to start?
18780 =item Test the manual
18782 =item Sometimes the tests are wrong
18784 =item Testing lots of values
18786 =item Informative names
18788 =item Skipping tests
18792 =item Testing with taint mode.
18804 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
18816 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
18826 =item General behaviour in list contexts
18830 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
18832 =item A note about prefixes
18834 =item C<extract_delimited>
18836 =item C<extract_bracketed>
18838 =item C<extract_tagged>
18840 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
18841 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
18843 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
18845 =item C<extract_quotelike>
18847 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
18849 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
18851 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
18853 =item C<extract_codeblock>
18855 =item C<extract_multiple>
18857 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
18863 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
18864 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
18865 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
18866 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
18867 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
18868 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
18869 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
18870 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
18871 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
18872 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
18873 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
18874 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
18879 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
18885 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
18900 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
18917 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
18932 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
18948 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
18960 $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
18961 LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
18962 cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
18966 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
18974 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues (for old code only)
18984 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
18986 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
18992 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores (for old code only)
19002 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
19004 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
19008 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
19023 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
19033 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
19041 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
19042 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
19043 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
19044 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
19052 =head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
19072 =item Option Format
19076 =item Public Methods
19084 =item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
19088 =item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
19090 =item Deferred Writing
19094 =item Autodeferring
19102 =item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
19116 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
19125 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
19126 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
19127 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
19128 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
19130 =item MORE INFORMATION
19132 =item COMPATIBILITY
19136 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
19145 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
19146 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
19148 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
19150 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
19152 =item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
19154 =item MORE INFORMATION
19158 =head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
19166 =item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
19176 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
19194 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
19203 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
19205 =item MORE INFORMATION
19209 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
19221 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
19230 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
19231 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
19232 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
19233 getitimer ( $which )
19249 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
19257 =item IMPLEMENTATION
19263 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
19278 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
19293 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
19305 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
19313 $obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
19314 ), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
19318 =head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
19328 =item Constructor and Tailoring
19330 alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
19331 overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
19332 undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
19334 =item Methods for Collation
19336 C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
19337 $Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
19338 C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
19339 $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
19340 $Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
19341 C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
19342 $Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
19343 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
19344 $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
19346 =item Other Methods
19348 UCA_Version, Base_Unicode_Version
19364 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/,
19365 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt,
19366 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19367 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18, L<Unicode::Normalize>
19371 =head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
19381 =item Normalization Forms
19383 C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
19384 C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
19385 C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
19387 =item Decomposition and Composition
19389 C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
19390 decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
19391 reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
19395 C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
19396 checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
19397 check($form_name, $string)>
19399 =item Character Data
19401 C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
19402 C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
19403 C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
19404 C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
19405 isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
19406 C<$is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
19407 C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
19417 http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
19418 http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
19422 =head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
19464 =item Blocks versus Scripts
19466 =item Matching Scripts and Blocks
19468 =item Code Point Arguments
19494 =item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
19500 =item Implementation Note
19512 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
19527 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
19538 =item System Specifics
19552 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
19560 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
19562 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
19563 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
19564 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
19565 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
19566 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
19567 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
19568 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
19569 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
19570 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
19571 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
19572 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
19573 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
19574 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
19575 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
19576 Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
19577 Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
19578 Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
19584 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
19596 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
19598 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
19599 don't all have manual pages yet:
19625 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles
projects / p5sagit/p5-mst-13.2.git / blob