4 perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
8 This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
9 documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
10 through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
12 =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
14 =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
40 =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23
49 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
51 =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
53 =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
55 =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
57 =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
59 =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
61 =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps
63 =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
65 =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
67 =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
71 =item About the perlfaq documents
75 =item Where to get the perlfaq
77 =item How to contribute to the perlfaq
79 =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
86 =item Author and Copyright Information
90 =item Bundled Distributions
98 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
99 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
100 Initial Release: 11/March/97
104 =head2 perlbook - Perl book information
112 =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
122 =item Simple statements
124 =item Compound statements
132 =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
136 =item PODs: Embedded Documentation
138 =item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
144 =head2 perldata - Perl data types
158 =item Scalar value constructors
160 =item List value constructors
164 =item Typeglobs and Filehandles
172 =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
182 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
184 =item The Arrow Operator
186 =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
190 =item Symbolic Unary Operators
192 =item Binding Operators
194 =item Multiplicative Operators
196 =item Additive Operators
198 =item Shift Operators
200 =item Named Unary Operators
202 =item Relational Operators
204 =item Equality Operators
208 =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
210 =item C-style Logical And
212 =item C-style Logical Or
214 =item Range Operators
216 =item Conditional Operator
218 =item Assignment Operators
222 =item List Operators (Rightward)
228 =item Logical or and Exclusive Or
230 =item C Operators Missing From Perl
232 unary &, unary *, (TYPE)
234 =item Quote and Quote-like Operators
236 =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
238 ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
239 qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
240 s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
241 y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds
243 =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
245 Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
246 C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
247 C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
248 C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
253 =item Constant Folding
255 =item Bitwise String Operators
257 =item Integer Arithmetic
259 =item Floating-point Arithmetic
267 =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
277 =item Private Variables via my()
279 =item Persistent Private Variables
281 =item Temporary Values via local()
283 =item Lvalue subroutines
285 =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
287 =item When to Still Use local()
289 =item Pass by Reference
293 =item Constant Functions
295 =item Overriding Built-in Functions
299 =item Subroutine Attributes
307 =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
315 =item Perl Functions by Category
317 Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
318 Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
319 Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
320 length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
321 Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
322 to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
323 groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
324 object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
325 communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
326 info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
331 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
333 I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
334 NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
335 binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME,
336 bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE,
337 chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
338 chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
339 connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
340 dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
341 EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
342 each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
343 exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
344 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
345 fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
346 getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
347 NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
348 NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
349 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
350 getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
351 getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
352 STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
353 endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
354 getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
355 goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
356 import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
357 FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
358 last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
359 link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
360 lock, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST,
361 mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
362 msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR :
363 ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open
364 FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST,
365 open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR
366 : ATTRIBUTES, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe
367 READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE
368 LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT,
369 LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/,
370 qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR,
371 rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
372 readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR,
373 recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename
374 OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset,
375 return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex
376 STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar
377 EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select
378 FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl
379 ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
380 SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
381 WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
382 shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
383 shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
384 EXPR, sleep, sockatmark SOCKET, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,
385 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort
386 BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice
387 ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split
388 /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf
389 FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
390 EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK,
391 substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
392 EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
393 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
394 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
395 FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
396 FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
397 syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
398 VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
399 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
400 ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
401 TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
402 use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
403 values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
404 LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
410 =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
416 =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
424 =item Making References
426 =item Using References
444 =item Distribution Conditions
450 =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
456 arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
457 more elaborate constructs
461 =item COMMON MISTAKES
463 =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
465 =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
471 =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS
475 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
477 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
479 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS
483 =item HASHES OF ARRAYS
487 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
489 =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
491 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
495 =item ARRAYS OF HASHES
499 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES
501 =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES
503 =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES
507 =item HASHES OF HASHES
511 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
513 =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
515 =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
519 =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
523 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
525 =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
527 =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
539 =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
549 =item Simple word matching
551 =item Using character classes
553 =item Matching this or that
555 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
557 =item Extracting matches
559 =item Matching repetitions
563 =item Search and replace
565 =item The split operator
573 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
577 =item Acknowledgments
583 =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation
591 =item Verbatim Paragraph
593 =item Command Paragraph
595 =item Ordinary Block of Text
599 =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
601 =item Common Pod Pitfalls
611 =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
619 =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
637 =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
639 Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
640 Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
641 Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
642 Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
644 =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
646 Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
647 Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
648 Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
652 Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
654 =item Numerical Traps
656 Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
658 =item General data type traps
660 (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
661 (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
663 =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
665 (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
667 =item Precedence Traps
669 Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
672 =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
674 Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
675 Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
678 =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
680 (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
686 =item Interpolation Traps
688 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
689 Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
695 =item Unclassified Traps
697 C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
704 =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
714 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
716 OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
718 =item Location of Perl
720 =item Command Switches
722 B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
723 B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
724 B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
725 B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
726 B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
727 B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>,
734 HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL
735 (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL,
736 PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
740 =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
748 =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
756 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
758 =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
760 =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
764 =item Backward Compatibility
766 =item Category Hierarchy
770 =item Reporting Warnings from a Module
782 =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
790 =item Looking at data and -w and w
794 =item Stepping through code
796 =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
798 =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
816 =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
822 =item The Perl Debugger
826 =item Debugger Commands
828 h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n
829 [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname,
830 -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr,
831 b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname
832 [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line]
833 command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O
834 option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >>
835 command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !!
836 cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage]
838 =item Configurable Options
840 C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
841 C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
842 C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
843 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
844 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>,
845 C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop>
847 =item Debugger input/output
849 Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
852 =item Debugging compile-time statements
854 =item Debugger Customization
856 =item Readline Support
858 =item Editor Support for Debugging
860 =item The Perl Profiler
864 =item Debugging regular expressions
866 =item Debugging memory usage
874 =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
882 =item Predefined Names
884 $ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
885 $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
886 input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
887 input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
888 autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE
889 EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE
890 EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $",
891 $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE
892 EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR,
893 $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR,
894 $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as
895 C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0]
896 - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same
897 as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as
898 C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var,
899 $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~,
900 format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
901 format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS,
902 $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A,
903 $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E,
904 $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<,
905 $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(,
906 $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C,
907 $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M,
908 $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
909 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
910 $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
911 ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @F, @INC, @_,
912 %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
914 =item Error Indicators
916 =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
924 =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
932 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
934 =item Growing Your Own
936 =item Access and Printing
948 =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
954 =item Open E<agrave> la shell
964 =item Mixing Reads and Writes
970 =item Open E<agrave> la C
974 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
978 =item Obscure Open Tricks
982 =item Re-Opening Files (dups)
984 =item Dispelling the Dweomer
988 =item Single Argument Open
990 =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
994 =item Other I/O Issues
998 =item Opening Non-File Files
1008 =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
1014 =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
1020 =item Part 1: The basics
1024 =item Simple word matching
1026 =item Using character classes
1028 =item Matching this or that
1030 =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
1032 =item Extracting matches
1034 =item Matching repetitions
1036 =item Building a regexp
1038 =item Using regular expressions in Perl
1042 =item Part 2: Power tools
1046 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes
1048 =item Compiling and saving regular expressions
1050 =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
1052 =item Non-capturing groupings
1054 =item Looking ahead and looking behind
1056 =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
1058 =item Conditional expressions
1060 =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
1062 =item Pragmas and debugging
1070 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1074 =item Acknowledgments
1080 =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
1090 =item Regular Expressions
1092 cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
1094 =item Extended Patterns
1096 C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
1097 C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
1098 code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
1099 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
1103 =item Version 8 Regular Expressions
1105 =item Warning on \1 vs $1
1107 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
1109 =item Combining pieces together
1111 C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
1112 C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
1113 C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
1114 C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
1116 =item Creating custom RE engines
1126 =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
1136 =item Making References
1138 =item Using References
1140 =item Symbolic references
1142 =item Not-so-symbolic references
1144 =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
1146 =item Function Templates
1156 =head2 perlform - Perl formats
1164 =item Format Variables
1174 =item Accessing Formatting Internals
1182 =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
1190 =item If we could talk to the animals...
1192 =item Introducing the method invocation arrow
1194 =item Invoking a barnyard
1196 =item The extra parameter of method invocation
1198 =item Calling a second method to simplify things
1200 =item Inheriting the windpipes
1202 =item A few notes about @ISA
1204 =item Overriding the methods
1206 =item Starting the search from a different place
1208 =item The SUPER way of doing things
1210 =item Where we're at so far...
1212 =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
1214 =item Invoking an instance method
1216 =item Accessing the instance data
1218 =item How to build a horse
1220 =item Inheriting the constructor
1222 =item Making a method work with either classes or instances
1224 =item Adding parameters to a method
1226 =item More interesting instances
1228 =item A horse of a different color
1240 =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
1246 =item Creating a Class
1250 =item Object Representation
1252 =item Class Interface
1254 =item Constructors and Instance Methods
1256 =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
1260 =item Other Object Methods
1268 =item Accessing Class Data
1270 =item Debugging Methods
1272 =item Class Destructors
1274 =item Documenting the Interface
1284 =item Overridden Methods
1286 =item Multiple Inheritance
1288 =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
1292 =item Alternate Object Representations
1296 =item Arrays as Objects
1298 =item Closures as Objects
1302 =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
1306 =item Autoloaded Data Methods
1308 =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
1312 =item Metaclassical Tools
1318 =item Data Members as Variables
1326 =item Object Terminology
1332 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1338 =item Acknowledgments
1344 =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
1350 =item Class Data in a Can
1352 =item Class Data as Package Variables
1356 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
1358 =item Inheritance Concerns
1360 =item The Eponymous Meta-Object
1362 =item Indirect References to Class Data
1364 =item Monadic Classes
1366 =item Translucent Attributes
1370 =item Class Data as Lexical Variables
1374 =item Privacy and Responsibility
1376 =item File-Scoped Lexicals
1378 =item More Inheritance Concerns
1380 =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
1382 =item Translucency Revisited
1390 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
1392 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
1398 =head2 perlobj - Perl objects
1406 =item An Object is Simply a Reference
1408 =item A Class is Simply a Package
1410 =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
1412 =item Method Invocation
1414 =item Indirect Object Syntax
1416 =item Default UNIVERSAL methods
1418 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
1424 =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
1432 =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
1438 =item OO SCALING TIPS
1440 =item INSTANCE VARIABLES
1442 =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
1444 =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
1446 =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
1448 =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
1450 =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
1452 =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
1454 =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
1456 =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
1462 =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
1474 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
1479 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
1480 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
1481 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
1482 UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
1487 USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
1488 this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
1489 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
1491 =item Tying FileHandles
1493 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
1494 LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
1499 =item The C<untie> Gotcha
1511 =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
1512 safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
1528 =item Using open() for IPC
1534 =item Background Processes
1536 =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
1538 =item Safe Pipe Opens
1540 =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
1542 =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
1546 =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
1550 =item Internet Line Terminators
1552 =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
1554 =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
1558 =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
1562 =item A Simple Client
1564 C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
1566 =item A Webget Client
1568 =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
1572 =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
1574 Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
1576 =item UDP: Message Passing
1590 =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change)
1600 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
1602 $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
1603 filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
1604 files, directories and network sockets
1606 =item Resource limits
1608 =item Killing the parent process
1610 =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
1612 =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
1614 BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
1615 Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
1616 application, Thread-safety of extensions
1628 =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
1636 =item Storing numbers
1638 =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
1640 =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
1642 Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except,
1643 C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use
1644 integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
1653 =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
1659 =item What Is A Thread Anyway?
1661 =item Threaded Program Models
1673 =item Native threads
1675 =item What kind of threads are perl threads?
1677 =item Threadsafe Modules
1683 =item Basic Thread Support
1685 =item Creating Threads
1687 =item Giving up control
1689 =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
1691 =item Errors In Threads
1693 =item Ignoring A Thread
1697 =item Threads And Data
1701 =item Shared And Unshared Data
1703 =item Thread Pitfall: Races
1705 =item Controlling access: lock()
1707 =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
1709 =item Queues: Passing Data Around
1713 =item Threads And Code
1717 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
1719 Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
1721 =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
1723 =item Subroutine Locks
1727 =item Locking A Subroutine
1731 =item General Thread Utility Routines
1735 =item What Thread Am I In?
1739 =item Are These Threads The Same?
1741 =item What Threads Are Running?
1745 =item A Complete Example
1753 =item Introductory Texts
1755 =item OS-Related References
1757 =item Other References
1761 =item Acknowledgements
1769 =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
1775 Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
1784 =item Numbers endianness and Width
1786 =item Files and Filesystems
1788 =item System Interaction
1790 =item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
1792 =item External Subroutines (XS)
1794 =item Standard Modules
1798 =item Character sets and character encoding
1800 =item Internationalisation
1802 =item System Resources
1812 Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
1813 http://testers.cpan.org/
1821 =item DOS and Derivatives
1829 =item EBCDIC Platforms
1837 =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
1841 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
1843 -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
1844 FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
1845 PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
1846 LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork,
1847 getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME,
1848 getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr
1849 ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
1850 getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
1851 setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
1852 setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
1853 endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob,
1854 ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE,
1855 lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS,
1856 msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR,
1857 open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink,
1858 select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget
1859 KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
1860 setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
1861 SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
1862 shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
1863 socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
1864 EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
1865 FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
1866 FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
1867 wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS
1873 v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
1874 v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
1875 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
1876 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
1877 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
1878 v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
1880 =item Supported Platforms
1884 =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
1890 =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
1897 =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
1903 =item The use locale pragma
1905 =item The setlocale function
1907 =item Finding locales
1909 =item LOCALE PROBLEMS
1911 =item Temporarily fixing locale problems
1913 =item Permanently fixing locale problems
1915 =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
1917 =item Fixing system locale configuration
1919 =item The localeconv function
1923 =item LOCALE CATEGORIES
1927 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
1929 =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
1931 =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
1933 =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
1937 =item Other categories
1945 PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
1946 LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
1952 =item Backward compatibility
1954 =item I18N:Collate obsolete
1956 =item Sort speed and memory use impacts
1958 =item write() and LC_NUMERIC
1960 =item Freely available locale definitions
1964 =item An imperfect standard
1972 =item Broken systems
1982 =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
1990 =item Important Caveats
1992 Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed
1993 to enable a few features
1995 =item Byte and Character semantics
1997 =item Effects of character semantics
1999 =item Character encodings for input and output
2009 =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
2015 =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
2023 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
2027 =item 13 variant characters
2035 =item Unicode and UTF
2039 =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
2041 recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
2043 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
2057 =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
2059 =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
2061 chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
2063 =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
2071 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
2073 =item MONO CASE then sort data.
2075 =item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
2077 =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
2081 =item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
2085 =item URL decoding and encoding
2087 =item uu encoding and decoding
2089 =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
2091 =item Caesarian ciphers
2095 =item Hashing order and checksums
2099 =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
2111 chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
2131 =head2 perlsec - Perl security
2139 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
2141 =item Switches On the "#!" Line
2143 =item Cleaning Up Your Path
2147 =item Protecting Your Programs
2155 =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
2167 =item Package Constructors and Destructors
2173 =item Making your module threadsafe
2181 =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
2187 =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
2191 =item Pragmatic Modules
2193 attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant,
2194 diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, locale, open, ops, overload,
2195 re, sigtrap, strict, subs, unicode::distinct, utf8, vars, warnings,
2198 =item Standard Modules
2200 AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
2201 B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
2202 B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
2203 B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
2204 CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
2205 CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
2206 Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, DirHandle,
2207 Dumpvalue, Encode, Encode::EncodeFormat, Encode::Tcl, English, Env,
2208 Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Constant,
2209 ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
2210 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix,
2211 ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
2212 ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists,
2213 ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename,
2214 File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find,
2215 File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
2216 File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
2217 File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
2218 Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate,
2219 I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3,
2220 Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language,
2221 Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
2222 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
2223 Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
2224 Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Saves, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
2225 Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::DummyInetd, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP,
2226 Net::Netrc, Net::PH, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::SNPP, Net::Time,
2227 Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O,
2228 ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html,
2229 Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
2230 Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color,
2231 Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe,
2232 Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
2233 Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test,
2234 Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
2235 Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
2236 Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime,
2237 Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
2239 =item Extension Modules
2251 =item Central America
2263 =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
2267 =item Guidelines for Module Creation
2269 Adding a Copyright Notice
2271 =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
2273 =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
2281 =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
2291 B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
2292 module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
2306 =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
2316 =item What should I make into a module?
2318 =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
2320 Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
2322 =item Step-by-step: Making the module
2324 Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
2325 L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
2326 documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
2328 =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
2330 Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
2331 tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
2341 =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date:
2342 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2352 =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
2354 =item Which version of Perl should I use?
2356 =item What are perl4 and perl5?
2358 =item What is perl6?
2360 =item How stable is Perl?
2362 =item Is Perl difficult to learn?
2364 =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
2367 =item Can I do [task] in Perl?
2369 =item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
2371 =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
2373 =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
2375 =item What is a JAPH?
2377 =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
2379 =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
2380 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language?
2384 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2388 =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $,
2389 $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $)
2397 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
2399 =item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
2401 =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
2403 =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
2406 =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
2407 loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
2409 =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
2410 What does CPAN/src/... mean?
2412 =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
2414 =item Where can I get information on Perl?
2416 =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
2418 =item Where should I post source code?
2422 References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
2424 =item Perl in Magazines
2426 =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
2428 =item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
2430 =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
2432 =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
2434 =item Where do I send bug reports?
2436 =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org?
2440 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2444 =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2453 =item How do I do (anything)?
2455 =item How can I use Perl interactively?
2457 =item Is there a Perl shell?
2459 =item How do I debug my Perl programs?
2461 =item How do I profile my Perl programs?
2463 =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
2465 =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
2467 =item Is there a ctags for Perl?
2469 =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
2471 Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+,
2472 CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
2473 MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
2475 =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
2477 =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
2479 =item How can I use curses with Perl?
2481 =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
2483 =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
2485 =item What is undump?
2487 =item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
2489 =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
2491 =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
2493 =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
2495 =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
2497 =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
2499 =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
2501 =item How can I compile Perl into Java?
2503 =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
2505 =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
2507 =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
2509 =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
2511 =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
2513 =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
2515 =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
2516 my C program; what am I doing wrong?
2518 =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it
2521 =item What's MakeMaker?
2525 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2529 =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2540 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
2541 numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
2543 =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
2545 =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
2548 =item How do I convert bits into ints?
2550 =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
2552 =item How do I multiply matrices?
2554 =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
2556 =item How can I output Roman numerals?
2558 =item Why aren't my random numbers random?
2566 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
2568 =item How do I find the current century or millennium?
2570 =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
2572 =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
2574 =item How can I find the Julian Day?
2576 =item How do I find yesterday's date?
2578 =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
2586 =item How do I validate input?
2588 =item How do I unescape a string?
2590 =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
2592 =item How do I expand function calls in a string?
2594 =item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
2596 =item How do I reverse a string?
2598 =item How do I expand tabs in a string?
2600 =item How do I reformat a paragraph?
2602 =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
2604 =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
2606 =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
2609 =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
2611 =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
2612 [character]? (Comma-separated files)
2614 =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
2616 =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
2618 =item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
2620 =item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
2622 =item How can I expand variables in text strings?
2624 =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
2626 =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
2628 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
2629 a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
2638 =item What is the difference between a list and an array?
2640 =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
2642 =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
2646 =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element?
2648 =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
2649 intersection of two arrays?
2651 =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
2653 =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
2655 =item How do I handle linked lists?
2657 =item How do I handle circular lists?
2659 =item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
2661 =item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
2663 =item How do I select a random element from an array?
2665 =item How do I permute N elements of a list?
2667 =item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
2669 =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
2671 =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
2675 =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
2679 =item How do I process an entire hash?
2681 =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
2684 =item How do I look up a hash element by value?
2686 =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
2688 =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
2690 =item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
2692 =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
2694 =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
2696 =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
2698 =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
2700 =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
2702 =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
2704 =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
2707 =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
2708 array of hashes or arrays?
2710 =item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
2718 =item How do I handle binary data correctly?
2720 =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
2722 =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
2724 =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
2726 =item How do I define methods for every class/object?
2728 =item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
2730 =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
2734 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2738 =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2747 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
2749 =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
2750 line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
2752 =item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
2754 =item How do I make a temporary file name?
2756 =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
2758 =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
2759 filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
2761 =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
2763 =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
2765 =item How can I write() into a string?
2767 =item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
2769 =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
2771 =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
2773 =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
2775 =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
2777 =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
2779 =item How can I reliably rename a file?
2781 =item How can I lock a file?
2783 =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
2785 =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
2786 the file. How can I do this?
2788 =item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
2789 file. Do I still have to use locking?
2791 =item How do I randomly update a binary file?
2793 =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
2795 =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
2797 =item How do I print to more than one file at once?
2799 =item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
2801 =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
2803 =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
2805 =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
2807 =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
2809 =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
2811 =item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
2813 =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't
2814 `C:\temp\foo.exe` work?
2816 =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
2818 =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
2819 protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
2821 =item How do I select a random line from a file?
2823 =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
2827 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2831 =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $)
2839 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
2840 and unmaintainable code?
2842 Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
2844 =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
2846 =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
2849 =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
2851 =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
2854 =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
2856 =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
2858 =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
2860 =item What is C</o> really for?
2862 =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
2865 =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
2867 =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
2869 =item How do I process each word on each line?
2871 =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
2873 =item How can I do approximate matching?
2875 =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
2877 =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
2879 =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
2881 =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
2883 =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
2885 =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
2887 =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
2889 =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
2893 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2897 =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
2898 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $)
2906 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
2908 =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
2911 =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
2914 =item How do I skip some return values?
2916 =item How do I temporarily block warnings?
2918 =item What's an extension?
2920 =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
2922 =item How do I declare/create a structure?
2924 =item How do I create a module?
2926 =item How do I create a class?
2928 =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
2930 =item What's a closure?
2932 =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
2934 =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
2937 Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
2940 =item How do I create a static variable?
2942 =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
2943 Between local() and my()?
2945 =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
2948 =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
2950 =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
2952 =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
2954 =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
2956 =item How do I create a switch or case statement?
2958 =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
2960 =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
2962 =item How can I find out my current package?
2964 =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
2966 =item How do I clear a package?
2968 =item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
2972 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
2976 =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23
2985 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
2987 =item How come exec() doesn't return?
2989 =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
2991 Keyboard, Screen, Mouse
2993 =item How do I print something out in color?
2995 =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
2997 =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
2999 =item How do I clear the screen?
3001 =item How do I get the screen size?
3003 =item How do I ask the user for a password?
3005 =item How do I read and write the serial port?
3007 lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
3009 =item How do I decode encrypted password files?
3011 =item How do I start a process in the background?
3013 STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
3015 =item How do I trap control characters/signals?
3017 =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
3019 =item How do I set the time and date?
3021 =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
3023 =item How can I measure time under a second?
3025 =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
3027 =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
3028 does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
3030 =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
3032 =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
3034 =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
3036 =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
3038 =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
3040 =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
3042 =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
3044 =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
3046 =item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
3048 =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
3051 =item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
3053 =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
3055 =item How can I write expect in Perl?
3057 =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
3060 =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
3061 come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
3062 changes to be visible?
3066 =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
3069 =item How do I fork a daemon process?
3071 =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
3073 =item How do I timeout a slow event?
3075 =item How do I set CPU limits?
3077 =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
3079 =item How do I use an SQL database?
3081 =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
3083 =item How do I open a file without blocking?
3085 =item How do I install a module from CPAN?
3087 =item What's the difference between require and use?
3089 =item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
3091 =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
3094 =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
3096 =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
3100 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3104 =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30
3113 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
3116 =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
3118 =item How do I remove HTML from a string?
3120 =item How do I extract URLs?
3122 =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
3123 file on another machine?
3125 =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
3127 =item How do I fetch an HTML file?
3129 =item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
3131 =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
3133 =item How do I redirect to another page?
3135 =item How do I put a password on my web pages?
3137 =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
3139 =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
3140 CGI script to do bad things?
3142 =item How do I parse a mail header?
3144 =item How do I decode a CGI form?
3146 =item How do I check a valid mail address?
3148 =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
3150 =item How do I return the user's mail address?
3152 =item How do I send mail?
3154 =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
3156 =item How do I read mail?
3158 =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
3160 =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
3162 =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
3164 =item How can I do RPC in Perl?
3168 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
3172 =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
3182 B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
3186 =item Using The Back Ends
3190 =item The Cross Referencing Back End
3194 =item The Decompiling Back End
3196 =item The Lint Back End
3198 =item The Simple C Back End
3200 =item The Bytecode Back End
3202 =item The Optimized C Back End
3204 B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
3205 B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj,
3206 B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
3210 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3216 =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
3226 B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
3227 Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
3231 =item Compiling your C program
3233 =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
3235 =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
3237 =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
3239 =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
3241 =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
3243 =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
3245 =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
3247 =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
3252 =item Embedding Perl under Win32
3262 =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
3268 =item Debugger Internals
3272 =item Writing Your Own Debugger
3276 =item Frame Listing Output Examples
3278 =item Debugging regular expressions
3282 =item Compile-time output
3284 C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
3285 I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
3286 I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
3289 =item Types of nodes
3291 =item Run-time output
3295 =item Debugging Perl memory usage
3299 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
3301 C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
3302 SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
3305 =item Example of using B<-DL> switch
3307 C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
3309 =item B<-DL> details
3313 =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
3321 =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
3333 =item Version caveat
3335 =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
3347 =item What has gone on?
3349 =item Writing good test scripts
3353 =item What's new here?
3355 =item Input and Output Parameters
3357 =item The XSUBPP Program
3359 =item The TYPEMAP file
3361 =item Warning about Output Arguments
3365 =item What has happened here?
3367 =item Anatomy of .xs file
3369 =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
3371 =item More about XSUB arguments
3373 =item The Argument Stack
3375 =item Extending your Extension
3377 =item Documenting your Extension
3379 =item Installing your Extension
3383 =item New Things in this Example
3387 =item New Things in this Example
3389 =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
3391 =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
3393 =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon)
3395 =item Troubleshooting these Examples
3411 =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
3423 =item The Anatomy of an XSUB
3425 =item The Argument Stack
3427 =item The RETVAL Variable
3429 =item The MODULE Keyword
3431 =item The PACKAGE Keyword
3433 =item The PREFIX Keyword
3435 =item The OUTPUT: Keyword
3437 =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
3439 =item The CODE: Keyword
3441 =item The INIT: Keyword
3443 =item The NO_INIT Keyword
3445 =item Initializing Function Parameters
3447 =item Default Parameter Values
3449 =item The PREINIT: Keyword
3451 =item The SCOPE: Keyword
3453 =item The INPUT: Keyword
3455 =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
3457 =item Variable-length Parameter Lists
3459 =item The C_ARGS: Keyword
3461 =item The PPCODE: Keyword
3463 =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
3465 =item The REQUIRE: Keyword
3467 =item The CLEANUP: Keyword
3469 =item The POST_CALL: Keyword
3471 =item The BOOT: Keyword
3473 =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
3475 =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
3477 =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
3479 =item The ALIAS: Keyword
3481 =item The INTERFACE: Keyword
3483 =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
3485 =item The INCLUDE: Keyword
3487 =item The CASE: Keyword
3489 =item The & Unary Operator
3491 =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
3493 =item Using XS With C++
3495 =item Interface Strategy
3497 =item Perl Objects And C Structures
3511 =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
3521 C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s>
3523 =item File Operations
3525 =item File Input and Output
3527 =item File Positioning
3529 =item Memory Management and String Handling
3531 =item Character Class Tests
3533 =item F<stdlib.h> functions
3535 =item Miscellaneous functions
3543 =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
3555 =item What is an "IV"?
3557 =item Working with SVs
3561 =item What's Really Stored in an SV?
3563 =item Working with AVs
3565 =item Working with HVs
3567 =item Hash API Extensions
3571 =item Blessed References and Class Objects
3573 =item Creating New Variables
3575 =item Reference Counts and Mortality
3577 =item Stashes and Globs
3579 =item Double-Typed SVs
3581 =item Magic Variables
3583 =item Assigning Magic
3585 =item Magic Virtual Tables
3589 =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
3591 =item Localizing changes
3593 C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
3594 C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
3595 *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
3596 C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
3597 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
3598 C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
3599 save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
3600 C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
3601 C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
3602 save_hptr(HV **hptr)>
3610 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
3612 =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
3614 =item Memory Allocation
3618 =item Putting a C value on Perl stack
3622 =item Scratchpads and recursion
3632 =item Examining the tree
3634 =item Compile pass 1: check routines
3636 =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
3638 =item Compile pass 2: context propagation
3640 =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
3644 =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
3646 =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
3650 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
3652 =item So what happened to dTHR?
3654 =item How do I use all this in extensions?
3656 =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
3658 =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
3662 =item Internal Functions
3664 A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
3668 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
3670 =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
3672 =item Source Documentation
3676 =item Unicode Support
3680 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
3682 =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
3684 =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
3686 =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
3688 =item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
3690 =item Is there anything else I need to know?
3700 =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
3706 An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
3708 =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
3710 call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
3730 =item Determining the Context
3734 =item KNOWN PROBLEMS
3740 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned
3742 =item Passing Parameters
3744 =item Returning a Scalar
3746 =item Returning a list of values
3748 =item Returning a list in a scalar context
3750 =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
3754 =item Using G_KEEPERR
3758 =item Using call_argv
3760 =item Using call_method
3764 =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
3766 =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
3768 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
3769 callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
3772 =item Alternate Stack Manipulation
3774 =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
3786 =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
3796 L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
3797 L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
3798 L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
3799 L<roffitall|roffitall>
3803 L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
3805 =item Administration
3807 L<libnetcfg|libnetcfg>
3811 L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
3812 L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
3820 =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
3830 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
3832 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
3834 B<Decryption Filters>
3836 =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
3838 =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
3840 =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
3852 =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
3860 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
3861 B<filter_fetch_value>
3867 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
3869 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
3879 =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
3885 AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
3886 av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
3887 ax, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv,
3888 call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, cv_const_sv, dAX, dITEMS, dMARK,
3889 dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND,
3890 fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME,
3891 GIMME_V, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth,
3892 gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY,
3893 G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY,
3894 HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear,
3895 hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent,
3896 hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv,
3897 hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA,
3898 isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items,
3899 ix, LEAVE, load_module, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy,
3900 mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV,
3901 Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, NEWSV, newSViv,
3902 newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv,
3903 newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv,
3904 ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_clone, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free,
3905 perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef,
3906 PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK,
3907 PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL,
3908 Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT,
3909 strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND,
3910 SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on,
3911 SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK,
3912 SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV,
3913 SvNVx, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only,
3914 SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force,
3915 SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force,
3916 SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg,
3917 SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off,
3918 SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal, SvSetSV,
3919 SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on,
3920 SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV,
3921 SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV,
3922 SvUVx, SvUVX, sv_2bool, sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv,
3923 sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen, sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags,
3924 sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv, sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf,
3925 sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg,
3926 sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp,
3927 sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq,
3928 sv_force_normal, sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_getcwd, sv_gets,
3929 sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len,
3930 sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nv,
3931 sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte, sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force,
3932 sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags, sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n,
3933 sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_realpath, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_report_used,
3934 sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg,
3935 sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn,
3936 sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv,
3937 sv_setref_pvn, sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg,
3938 sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref,
3939 sv_unref_flags, sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg,
3940 sv_utf8_decode, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade,
3941 sv_utf8_upgrade_flags, sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER,
3942 toUPPER, utf8n_to_uvchr, utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop,
3943 utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8,
3944 uvuni_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN,
3945 XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV,
3946 XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV,
3947 XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero
3955 =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
3962 djSP, is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn,
3963 PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs, report_uninit, start_glob, sv_add_arena,
3964 sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
3972 =head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
3982 =item History and Background
3984 =item Layers vs Disciplines
3986 =item Data Structures
3988 1. The functions and attributes of the "layer class", 2. The per-instance
3989 data for a particular handle
3991 =item Functions and Attributes
3993 =item Per-instance Data
3995 =item Layers in action.
3997 =item Per-instance flag bits
3999 PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
4000 PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
4001 PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
4002 PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
4004 =item Methods in Detail
4006 IV (*Pushed)(PerlIO *f,const char *mode, SV *arg);, IV
4007 (*Popped)(PerlIO *f);, PerlIO * (*Open)(...);, SV *
4008 (*Getarg)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Fileno)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t
4009 (*Read)(PerlIO *f, void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Unread)(PerlIO
4010 *f, const void *vbuf, Size_t count);, SSize_t (*Write)(PerlIO *f, const
4011 void *vbuf, Size_t count);, IV (*Seek)(PerlIO *f, Off_t
4012 offset, int whence);, Off_t (*Tell)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4013 (*Close)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Flush)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4014 (*Fill)(PerlIO *f);, IV (*Eof)(PerlIO *f);, IV
4015 (*Error)(PerlIO *f);, void (*Clearerr)(PerlIO *f);, void
4016 (*Setlinebuf)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR * (*Get_base)(PerlIO *f);,
4017 Size_t (*Get_bufsiz)(PerlIO *f);, STDCHAR *
4018 (*Get_ptr)(PerlIO *f);, SSize_t (*Get_cnt)(PerlIO *f);, void
4019 (*Set_ptrcnt)(PerlIO *f,STDCHAR *ptr,SSize_t cnt);
4023 "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
4025 =item Extension Layers
4027 ":encoding", ":Scalar", ":Object" or ":Perl"
4033 =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
4041 1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
4042 B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
4043 B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
4044 B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
4045 B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
4046 B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
4047 B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
4048 B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
4049 B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
4050 B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
4051 B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
4055 =item Co-existence with stdio
4057 B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>,
4058 B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>
4060 =item "Fast gets" Functions
4062 B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
4063 B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
4064 B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
4065 B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)>
4067 =item Other Functions
4069 PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
4070 'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
4076 =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
4082 =item To do during 5.6.x
4086 =item Support for I/O disciplines
4088 =item Eliminate need for "use utf8";
4090 =item Create a char *sv_printify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags) function
4092 =item Autoload byte.pm
4094 =item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
4096 =item Overloadable regex assertions
4098 =item Unicode collation and normalization
4100 =item Unicode case mappings
4102 =item Unicode regular expression character classes
4104 =item use Thread for iThreads
4106 =item make perl_clone optionally clone ops
4108 =item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
4110 =item Typed lexicals for compiler
4112 =item Compiler workarounds for Win32
4114 =item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
4116 =item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
4118 =item Cleaning up exported namespace
4120 =item Complete signal handling
4122 =item Out-of-source builds
4124 =item POSIX realtime support
4126 =item UNIX98 support
4130 =item Long double conversion
4134 =item Thread-safe regexes
4136 =item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
4138 =item POSIX Unicode character classes
4140 =item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
4142 =item Security audit shipped utilities
4144 =item Custom opcodes
4146 =item spawnvp() on Win32
4148 =item DLL Versioning
4150 =item Introduce @( and @)
4152 =item Floating point handling
4154 =item IV/UV preservation
4156 =item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
4158 =item Automate module testing on CPAN
4160 =item sendmsg and recvmsg
4162 =item Rewrite perlre documentation
4164 =item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
4166 =item Document Win32 choices
4168 =item Check new modules
4170 =item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
4174 =item To do at some point
4178 =item Remove regular expression recursion
4180 =item Memory leaks after failed eval
4182 =item pack "(stuff)*"
4184 =item bitfields in pack
4186 =item Cross compilation
4188 =item Perl preprocessor / macros
4190 =item Perl lexer in Perl
4192 =item Using POSIX calls internally
4194 =item -i rename file when changed
4196 =item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
4198 =item Support for rerunning debugger
4200 =item my sub foo { }
4202 =item One-pass global destruction
4204 =item Rewrite regexp parser
4206 =item Cache recently used regexps
4208 =item Re-entrant functions
4210 =item Cross-compilation support
4212 =item Bit-shifting bitvectors
4214 =item debugger pragma
4216 =item use less pragma
4218 =item switch structures
4220 =item Cache eval tree
4224 =item Shrink opcode tables
4226 =item Optimize away @_
4228 =item Prototypes versus indirect objects
4232 =item Prototype method calls
4234 =item Return context prototype declarations
4238 =item Garbage collection
4242 =item pack/unpack tutorial
4244 =item Rewrite perldoc
4246 =item Install .3p manpages
4248 =item Unicode tutorial
4250 =item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
4252 =item Retargetable installation
4254 =item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
4256 =item Rename Win32 headers
4258 =item Finish off lvalue functions
4260 =item Update sprintf documentation
4262 =item Use fchown/fchmod internally
4270 =item ref() in list context
4272 =item Make tr/// return histogram
4274 =item Compile to real threaded code
4276 =item Structured types
4278 =item Modifiable $1 et al.
4280 =item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
4284 =item Attach/detach debugger from running program
4286 =item Alternative RE syntax module
4290 =item foreach(reverse ...)
4292 =item Constant function cache
4294 =item Approximate regular expression matching
4302 =item Update guts documentation
4304 =item Add more tests
4306 =item Update auxiliary tools
4310 =item Recently done things
4314 =item Safe signal handling
4320 =item setitimer and getimiter
4322 =item Testing __DIE__ hook
4324 =item CPP equivalent in Perl
4326 =item Explicit switch statements
4334 =item perlcc to produce executable
4336 =item END blocks saved in compiled output
4338 =item Secure temporary file module
4340 =item Integrate Time::HiRes
4342 =item Turn Cwd into XS
4344 =item Mmap for input
4346 =item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
4348 =item Add sockatmark support
4350 =item Mailing list archives
4354 =item Integrate MacPerl
4356 =item Web "nerve center" for Perl
4358 =item Regular expression tutorial
4360 =item Debugging Tutorial
4362 =item Integrate new modules
4364 =item Integrate profiler
4366 =item Y2K error detection
4368 =item Regular expression debugger
4372 =item "Dynamic" lexicals
4374 =item Cache precompiled modules
4378 =item Deprecated Wishes
4382 =item Loop control on do{}
4384 =item Lexically scoped typeglobs
4390 =item Generalised want()/caller())
4392 =item Named prototypes
4394 =item Built-in globbing
4396 =item Regression tests for suidperl
4398 =item Cached hash values
4400 =item Add compression modules
4402 =item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
4404 =item Remove distinction between functions and operators
4406 =item Make XS easier to use
4408 =item Make embedding easier to use
4412 =item my $Package::variable
4414 =item "or" tests defined, not truth
4416 =item "class"-based lexicals
4420 =item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
4422 =item Make "use utf8" the default
4428 =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
4434 Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
4435 implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
4436 the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
4437 it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
4438 the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough
4439 documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much
4440 work?, Patches speak louder than words
4444 =item Keeping in sync
4446 rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
4447 NFS, rsync'ing the patches, It's easier, It's more recent, It's more
4448 reliable, It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point,
4449 Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
4451 =item Submitting patches
4453 L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
4454 F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
4456 =item Finding Your Way Around
4458 Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
4460 =item Elements of the interpreter
4462 Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
4464 =item Internal Variable Types
4470 Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
4472 =item Millions of Macros
4474 =item Poking at Perl
4476 =item Using a source-level debugger
4478 run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
4479 finish, 'enter', print
4481 =item Dumping Perl Data Structures
4487 =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
4491 =item Rational Software's Purify
4493 =item Purify on Unix
4495 -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
4499 DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
4501 =item Compaq's/Digital's Third Degree
4503 =item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
4505 =item Gprof Profiling
4507 -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
4509 =item Pixie Profiling
4511 -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
4516 I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
4524 =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
4532 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
4544 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
4546 =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
4550 =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
4554 =head2 perldelta - what will be new for perl v5.8.0
4560 =item Reporting Bugs
4568 =head2 perl572delta, perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
4574 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4576 =item Incompatible Changes
4578 =item Future Deprecations
4580 =item Core Enhancements
4582 =item Modules and Pragmata
4588 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4592 =item Performance Enhancements
4594 =item Utility Changes
4596 =item New Documentation
4598 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4602 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4604 =item Generic Improvements
4608 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4612 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4616 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4618 =item Changed Internals
4622 =item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
4628 =item Known Problems
4632 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4634 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4636 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4638 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4642 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4644 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4646 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4648 =item Failure of Thread tests
4650 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4652 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4654 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4656 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4660 =item Reporting Bugs
4668 =head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
4674 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4676 =item Incompatible Changes
4678 =item Core Enhancements
4682 =item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
4684 =item PerlIO is Now The Default
4686 =item Signals Are Now Safe
4690 =item Modules and Pragmata
4696 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4700 =item Performance Enhancements
4702 =item Utility Changes
4704 =item New Documentation
4720 =item README.solaris
4724 =item Porting/repository.pod
4728 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4732 =item New Or Improved Platforms
4734 =item Generic Improvements
4736 d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
4737 need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
4738 d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
4742 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4746 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4750 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4752 =item Changed Internals
4756 =item Known Problems
4760 =item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
4762 =item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4764 =item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4766 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4770 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4772 =item sigaction test 13 in VMS
4774 =item sprintf tests 129 and 130
4776 =item Failure of Thread tests
4778 =item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
4780 =item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
4782 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4784 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4788 =item Reporting Bugs
4796 =head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
4802 =item Security Vulnerability Closed
4804 =item Incompatible Changes
4806 =item Core Enhancements
4808 =item Modules and Pragmata
4814 =item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
4818 =item Utility Changes
4820 =item New Documentation
4822 =item Performance Enhancements
4824 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
4828 =item Generic Improvements
4832 =item Selected Bug Fixes
4836 =item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
4840 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
4842 =item Changed Internals
4844 =item Known Problems
4848 =item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
4850 =item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
4852 =item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
4854 =item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
4856 =item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
4858 =item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
4860 =item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
4862 =item Storable tests fail in some platforms
4864 =item Threads Are Still Experimental
4866 =item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
4870 =item Reporting Bugs
4878 =head2 perl56delta, perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
4884 =item Core Enhancements
4888 =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
4890 =item Lexically scoped warning categories
4892 =item Unicode and UTF-8 support
4894 =item Support for interpolating named characters
4896 =item "our" declarations
4898 =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
4900 =item Improved Perl version numbering system
4902 =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
4904 =item File and directory handles can be autovivified
4906 =item open() with more than two arguments
4908 =item 64-bit support
4910 =item Large file support
4916 =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
4918 =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
4920 =item File globbing implemented internally
4922 =item Support for CHECK blocks
4924 =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
4926 =item Better pseudo-random number generator
4928 =item Improved C<qw//> operator
4930 =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
4932 =item pack() format 'Z' supported
4934 =item pack() format modifier '!' supported
4936 =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
4938 =item Comments in pack() templates
4940 =item Weak references
4942 =item Binary numbers supported
4944 =item Lvalue subroutines
4946 =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
4948 =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
4950 =item exists() is supported on subroutine names
4952 =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
4954 =item Pseudo-hashes work better
4956 =item Automatic flushing of output buffers
4958 =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
4960 =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
4962 =item eof() has the same old magic as <>
4964 =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
4966 =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
4968 =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
4970 =item Improved diagnostics
4972 =item Diagnostics follow STDERR
4974 =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
4976 =item syswrite() ease-of-use
4978 =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
4980 =item Bit operators support full native integer width
4982 =item Improved security features
4984 =item More functional bareword prototype (*)
4986 =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
4988 =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
4990 =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
4992 =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
4994 =item Optional Y2K warnings
4996 =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
5000 =item Modules and Pragmata
5006 attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
5007 DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
5008 Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
5009 File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
5010 Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
5011 podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
5012 pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
5013 Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
5019 =item Utility Changes
5033 =item The Perl Debugger
5037 =item Improved Documentation
5039 perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
5040 perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
5041 perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
5042 perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
5044 =item Performance enhancements
5048 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
5050 =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
5052 =item Faster subroutine calls
5054 =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
5058 =item Installation and Configuration Improvements
5062 =item -Dusethreads means something different
5064 =item New Configure flags
5066 =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
5072 =item -Duselargefiles
5074 =item installusrbinperl
5080 =item Enhanced Installation Directories
5084 =item Platform specific changes
5088 =item Supported platforms
5092 =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
5100 =item Significant bug fixes
5104 =item <HANDLE> on empty files
5106 =item C<eval '...'> improvements
5108 =item All compilation errors are true errors
5110 =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
5112 =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
5114 =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
5116 =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
5118 =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
5120 =item Failures in DESTROY()
5122 =item Locale bugs fixed
5126 =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
5128 =item Taint failures under C<-U>
5130 =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
5132 =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
5136 =item New or Changed Diagnostics
5138 "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
5139 implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
5140 / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
5141 by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
5142 \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
5143 passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
5144 early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
5145 argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
5146 subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
5147 %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
5148 substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
5149 Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
5150 size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
5151 filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
5152 Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
5153 Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
5154 remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
5155 weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
5156 syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
5157 constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
5158 defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
5159 "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
5160 %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
5161 output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
5162 explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
5163 Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
5164 |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
5165 number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
5166 %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
5167 separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
5168 subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
5169 returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
5170 %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
5171 No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
5172 No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
5173 is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
5174 panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
5175 around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
5176 Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
5177 instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
5178 Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
5179 Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
5180 zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
5181 Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
5182 environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
5183 '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
5184 escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
5185 list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
5186 subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
5187 CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
5191 =item Incompatible Changes
5195 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities
5197 CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
5198 Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
5199 C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
5200 generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
5201 read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
5202 Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
5203 values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
5204 Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
5205 Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
5206 prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
5207 on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
5209 =item C Source Incompatibilities
5211 C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
5213 =item Compatible C Source API Changes
5215 C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
5217 =item Binary Incompatibilities
5221 =item Known Problems
5225 =item Thread test failures
5227 =item EBCDIC platforms not supported
5229 =item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
5231 =item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
5233 =item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
5236 =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
5238 =item Arrow operator and arrays
5240 =item Experimental features
5242 Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
5243 pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
5244 globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
5248 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5250 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
5251 logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
5252 \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
5253 to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
5255 =item Reporting Bugs
5263 =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005
5269 =item About the new versioning system
5271 =item Incompatible Changes
5275 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
5277 =item Default installation structure has changed
5279 =item Perl Source Compatibility
5281 =item C Source Compatibility
5283 =item Binary Compatibility
5285 =item Security fixes may affect compatibility
5287 =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
5301 =item Regular Expressions
5303 Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
5304 constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
5305 improvements, Incompatible changes
5307 =item Improved malloc()
5309 =item Quicksort is internally implemented
5311 =item Reliable signals
5313 =item Reliable stack pointers
5315 =item More generous treatment of carriage returns
5319 =item Better support for multiple interpreters
5321 =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
5323 =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
5325 =item Pseudo-hashes are supported
5327 =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
5329 =item Keywords can be globally overridden
5331 =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
5333 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
5335 =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
5337 =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
5339 =item Better locale support
5341 =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
5343 =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
5345 =item Extended support for exception handling
5347 =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
5349 =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
5351 =item New C<INIT> keyword
5353 =item New C<lock> keyword
5355 =item New C<qr//> operator
5357 =item C<our> is now a reserved word
5359 =item Tied arrays are now fully supported
5361 =item Tied handles support is better
5363 =item 4th argument to substr
5365 =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
5367 =item Magic lvalues are now more magical
5369 =item <> now reads in records
5373 =item Supported Platforms
5379 =item Changes in existing support
5383 =item Modules and Pragmata
5389 B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
5390 ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
5391 Thread, attrs, fields, re
5393 =item Changes in existing modules
5395 Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
5396 MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd
5400 =item Utility Changes
5402 =item Documentation Changes
5404 =item New Diagnostics
5406 Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
5407 while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
5408 package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
5409 filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
5410 goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
5411 Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
5412 for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
5413 Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
5414 class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
5415 insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
5416 Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
5417 package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
5418 field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
5419 large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
5420 detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
5421 list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
5422 "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
5424 =item Obsolete Diagnostics
5426 Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
5427 temporary file, regexp too big
5429 =item Configuration Changes
5439 =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004
5445 =item Supported Environments
5451 =item List assignment to %ENV works
5453 =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
5455 =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
5457 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable
5459 =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
5461 =item More precise warnings
5463 =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
5465 =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
5467 =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
5469 =item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
5471 =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
5473 =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
5475 =item No resetting of $. on implicit close
5477 =item C<wantarray> may return undef
5479 =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
5481 =item Changes to tainting checks
5483 No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
5484 spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
5486 =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
5488 =item Embedding improvements
5490 =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
5492 =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
5494 =item New and changed syntax
5498 =item New and changed builtin constants
5502 =item New and changed builtin variables
5506 =item New and changed builtin functions
5508 delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
5509 Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
5510 VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
5511 reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
5512 nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
5514 =item New builtin methods
5516 isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
5518 =item TIEHANDLE now supported
5520 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
5521 LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
5523 =item Malloc enhancements
5525 -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
5527 =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
5531 =item Support for More Operating Systems
5547 use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
5548 constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
5554 =item Required Updates
5556 =item Installation directories
5558 =item Module information summary
5572 =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
5576 =item Utility Changes
5582 Sends converted HTML to standard output
5586 C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
5590 =item C Language API Changes
5592 C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
5595 =item Documentation Changes
5597 L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
5598 L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
5600 =item New Diagnostics
5602 "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
5603 not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
5604 large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
5605 nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
5606 Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
5607 subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
5608 use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
5609 subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
5610 not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
5611 long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
5612 %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
5613 internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
5614 in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
5615 possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
5616 memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
5617 attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
5618 with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
5619 while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
5620 option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
5621 character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
5622 "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
5623 Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
5624 Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
5625 Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
5626 long, Process terminated by SIG%s
5636 =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
5644 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
5648 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
5650 =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
5652 =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
5654 =item Using Large Files with Perl
5660 =item GDBM and Threads
5662 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2)
5672 =head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
5682 =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
5696 =item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
5698 B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
5700 =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
5702 =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
5708 =item Accessing documentation
5712 =item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
5714 =item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
5716 =item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
5718 =item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
5722 =item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
5726 =item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
5728 =item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
5730 =item Making Perl on AmigaOS
5732 =item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
5734 =item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
5744 =head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
5752 =item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
5754 =item BeOS Release-specific Notes
5758 =item Contact Information
5764 =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
5774 =item gzip on BS2000
5776 =item bison on BS2000
5778 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
5780 =item Compiling Perl on BS2000
5782 =item Testing Perl on BS2000
5784 =item Installing Perl on BS2000
5786 =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
5788 =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
5790 =item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
5808 =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
5814 =item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
5818 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
5820 =item Cygwin Configuration
5822 C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
5826 =item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
5830 =item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
5832 =item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
5834 C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
5835 C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>)
5837 =item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
5839 C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>,
5840 C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>
5842 =item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
5844 I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
5848 =item MAKE ON CYGWIN
5852 =item Warnings on Cygwin
5858 =item TEST ON CYGWIN
5862 =item File Permissions on Cygwin
5864 =item Hard Links on Cygwin
5866 =item Filetime Granularity on Cygwin
5868 =item Tainting Checks on Cygwin
5870 =item /etc/group on Cygwin
5872 =item Script Portability on Cygwin
5874 Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
5878 =item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
5880 =item MANIFEST ON CYGWIN
5882 Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
5883 Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
5885 =item BUGS ON CYGWIN
5893 =head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
5905 =item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
5909 =item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
5911 =item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
5913 =item Testing Perl on DG/UX
5915 =item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
5925 =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
5933 =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
5935 =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
5937 =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC
5939 =item USING PERL ON EPOC
5943 =item I/O Redirection on Epoc
5945 =item PATH Names on Epoc
5947 =item Editors on Epoc
5949 =item Features of Perl on Epoc
5951 =item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
5953 =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
5957 =item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
5965 =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
5974 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
5984 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
5986 =item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
5988 =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
5990 =item The HP ANSI C Compiler
5992 =item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
5994 =item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
5996 =item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
5998 =item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
6000 =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
6002 =item perl -P and // and HP-UX
6004 =item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
6014 =head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
6022 =item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
6030 =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
6039 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
6041 =item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
6043 op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
6045 =item Building external modules on MachTen
6055 =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
6069 =head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
6075 =item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
6081 =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
6089 =item What's New in Perl ffor MPE/iX
6091 =item Welcome to Perl/iX
6093 =item System Requirements for Perl/iX
6095 =item How to Obtain Perl/iX
6097 =item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
6099 README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
6100 public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
6102 =item How to Compile Perl/iX
6106 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX
6108 =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
6110 =item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
6112 =item Perl/iX To-Do List
6114 =item Perl/iX Change History
6130 Buildtype.bat, SetNWBld.bat, MPKBuild.bat
6142 =item Build new extensions
6146 =item Acknowledgements
6154 =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
6174 EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh
6176 =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
6178 =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
6182 =item Frequently asked questions
6186 =item "It does not work"
6188 =item I cannot run external programs
6190 =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
6193 Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
6196 =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
6198 =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
6206 =item Automatic binary installation
6208 C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
6210 =item Manual binary installation
6212 Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
6213 (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
6214 Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
6215 and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
6216 Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
6222 =item Accessing documentation
6226 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file
6234 =item GNU C<info> files
6246 =item The short story
6250 =item Getting perl source
6252 =item Application of the patches
6260 A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
6263 =item Installing the built perl
6265 =item C<a.out>-style build
6273 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
6275 =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
6277 =item Problems with tr or sed
6279 =item Some problem (forget which ;-)
6281 =item Library ... not found
6283 =item Segfault in make
6285 =item op/sprintf test failure
6289 =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
6293 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
6297 =item C<extproc> on the first line
6299 =item Additional modules:
6301 =item Prebuilt methods:
6303 C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
6304 C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
6305 C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
6306 C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
6307 C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
6308 C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
6309 C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
6310 OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
6311 C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
6312 C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
6313 OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>
6315 =item Prebuilt variables:
6317 $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver
6323 C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
6326 =item Identifying DLLs
6328 =item Centralized management of resources
6344 =item F<perl___.exe>
6346 =item Why strange names?
6348 =item Why dynamic linking?
6350 =item Why chimera build?
6358 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX>
6360 =item C<PERL_BADLANG>
6362 =item C<PERL_BADFREE>
6364 =item C<PERL_SH_DIR>
6366 =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK>
6368 =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP>
6378 =item DLL name mangling
6382 =item Calls to external programs
6384 =item Memory allocation
6388 C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c>
6402 =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390.
6412 =item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
6414 =item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
6416 =item Configure Perl on OS/390
6418 =item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
6420 =item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6422 =item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6424 =item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6426 =item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
6428 =item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
6430 =item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
6440 =item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
6448 =head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
6456 =item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX
6458 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
6460 =item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX
6462 =item QNX auxiliary files
6472 =head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
6482 =item What's in Plan 9 Perl
6484 =item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
6486 =item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
6488 =item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
6492 =item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
6496 =item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
6508 =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
6516 =item Solaris Version Numbers.
6522 Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
6528 =item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
6530 =item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
6532 =item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
6536 =item RUN CONFIGURE.
6540 =item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6542 =item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
6544 =item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
6548 =item MAKE PROBLEMS.
6550 Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
6551 relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
6552 DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
6558 =item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
6562 =item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
6564 =item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
6568 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
6572 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
6574 =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
6578 =item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
6580 =item BSD::Resource on Solairs
6582 =item Net::SSLeay on Soalris
6592 =head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
6593 Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
6601 =item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
6603 =item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
6605 =item Threaded Perl on Tru64
6607 =item Long Doubles on Tru64
6609 =item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
6611 =item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
6615 =item Testing Perl on Tru64
6621 =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
6631 =item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
6633 =item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
6635 =item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
6637 =item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
6639 =item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
6649 =item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
6655 =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
6663 =item Organization of Perl Images
6669 =item Perl Extensions
6671 =item Installing static extensions
6673 =item Installing dynamic extensions
6677 =item File specifications
6683 =item Wildcard expansion
6689 =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
6695 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding
6697 =item Command line switches
6703 =item Perl functions
6705 File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
6706 exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
6707 (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
6708 LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS
6710 =item Perl variables
6712 %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
6714 =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
6728 =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
6736 =item Stratus POSIX Support
6740 =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
6744 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
6746 =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
6750 =item USING PERL IN VOS
6754 =item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
6756 =item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
6760 =item SUPPORT STATUS
6768 =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
6770 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6782 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
6792 =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
6802 =item Built-in Attributes
6804 locked, method, lvalue
6806 =item Available Subroutines
6810 =item Package-specific Attribute Handling
6812 FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
6814 =item Syntax of Attribute Lists
6822 =item Default exports
6824 =item Available exports
6826 =item Export tags defined
6836 =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
6848 =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
6864 =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
6878 =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
6892 =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
6905 =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
6914 =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS
6920 =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
6930 =item TECHNICAL NOTE
6940 =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
6951 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
6953 =item The I<splain> Program
6967 =head2 fields - compile-time class fields
6981 =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
6991 =item subpragma access
6997 =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
7008 =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
7018 =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
7028 =item Adding directories to @INC
7030 =item Deleting directories from @INC
7032 =item Restoring original @INC
7042 =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
7053 =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output
7061 =item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
7063 =item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
7069 =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
7081 =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
7091 =item Declaration of overloaded functions
7093 =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
7095 FALSE, TRUE, C<undef>
7097 =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
7099 =item Calling Conventions for Mutators
7101 C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
7103 =item Overloadable Operations
7105 I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
7106 I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
7107 and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
7109 =item Inheritance and overloading
7111 Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
7112 is inherited by derived classes
7116 =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
7124 C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
7126 =item Copy Constructor
7132 =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
7134 I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
7135 I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
7136 I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
7139 =item Losing overloading
7141 =item Run-time Overloading
7143 =item Public functions
7145 overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
7147 =item Overloading constants
7149 integer, float, binary, q, qr
7151 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7153 =item Metaphor clash
7159 =item Two-face scalars
7161 =item Two-face references
7163 =item Symbolic calculator
7165 =item I<Really> symbolic calculator
7173 Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
7174 type, `%s' is not a code reference
7180 =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
7190 =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
7202 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS
7204 B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
7208 B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
7212 B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
7220 =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
7228 C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
7232 =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
7242 =head2 unicode::distinct - Perl pragma to strictly distinguish UTF8 data
7255 =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
7266 =item Utility functions
7268 $num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, CHECK]),
7269 utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string)
7277 =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
7287 =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
7295 use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
7296 warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
7297 warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
7298 warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
7299 warnings::warnif($object, $message)
7303 =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
7305 =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
7307 =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
7317 =item DBM Comparisons
7327 =head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
7337 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4]
7341 =item Typed lexicals
7343 =item Type-specific attribute handlers
7345 =item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
7347 =item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
7363 =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
7373 =item Subroutine Stubs
7375 =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7377 =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
7379 =item Package Lexicals
7381 =item Not Using AutoLoader
7383 =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
7393 =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
7401 $keep, $check, $modtime
7405 =item Multiple packages
7413 =head2 B - The Perl Compiler
7421 =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
7425 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES
7433 IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
7447 =item B::PVMG METHODS
7451 =item B::MAGIC METHODS
7453 MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR
7455 =item B::PVLV METHODS
7457 TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
7461 USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
7465 is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
7466 LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
7470 LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
7471 BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS
7475 FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
7479 STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
7484 FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
7486 =item OP-RELATED CLASSES
7490 next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
7492 =item B::UNOP METHOD
7496 =item B::BINOP METHOD
7500 =item B::LOGOP METHOD
7504 =item B::LISTOP METHOD
7508 =item B::PMOP METHODS
7510 pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp
7512 =item B::SVOP METHOD
7516 =item B::PADOP METHOD
7520 =item B::PVOP METHOD
7524 =item B::LOOP METHODS
7526 redoop, nextop, lastop
7528 =item B::COP METHODS
7530 label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
7534 =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
7536 main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes,
7537 sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG),
7538 walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX), svref_2object(SV),
7539 ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ),
7546 =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
7559 =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
7571 =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7583 =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7593 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7594 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7595 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7605 =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
7615 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
7616 B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit>
7626 =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
7636 B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
7637 B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
7638 B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
7650 =item Context of ".."
7654 =item Deprecated features
7662 =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
7672 B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
7673 B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
7674 B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
7676 =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
7678 B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
7679 B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
7680 B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
7681 B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
7682 B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
7683 B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
7684 B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
7685 B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
7691 =item OP flags abbreviations
7693 =item OP class abbreviations
7697 =item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
7703 =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
7715 =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
7725 B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>,
7726 B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
7728 =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
7738 =item ambient_pragmas
7740 strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
7752 =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
7764 =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
7772 =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
7774 B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
7775 B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
7777 =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
7787 =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
7797 =item IMPLEMENTATION
7803 =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
7815 =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
7827 =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
7829 =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
7841 =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
7851 C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]>
7859 =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
7871 =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
7885 =item Standard Exports
7887 timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
7888 timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
7889 TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
7891 =item Optional Exports
7893 clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
7894 STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache (
7895 ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
7911 =item MODIFICATION HISTORY
7915 =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
7929 =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
7939 B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
7940 B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
7941 B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
7951 =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
7963 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE
7965 =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
7967 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
7969 =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
7971 =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
7973 =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
7975 =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
7977 =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
7979 =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
7981 =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
7983 =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
7985 =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
7987 =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
7989 =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
7991 =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
7993 =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
7995 =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
7997 B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
7998 B<:standard>, B<:all>
8002 -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
8003 -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
8006 =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
8008 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
8009 </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
8014 =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
8018 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
8020 =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
8022 =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
8024 B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
8026 =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
8028 =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
8030 =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
8032 B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
8033 (B<-query_string>), B<-base>
8035 =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
8039 =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
8043 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
8045 =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
8047 =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
8049 =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
8051 =item AUTOESCAPING HTML
8053 $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
8054 charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
8056 =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
8060 =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
8064 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
8066 =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
8068 B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
8070 =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
8074 =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
8076 =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
8078 =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
8082 =item CREATING A POPUP MENU
8084 =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
8088 =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
8092 =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
8096 =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
8100 =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
8104 =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
8106 =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
8108 =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
8112 =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
8116 =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
8122 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
8123 B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
8125 =item WORKING WITH FRAMES
8127 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
8128 document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
8131 =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
8137 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
8141 =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
8143 B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
8144 B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
8145 B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
8146 B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
8147 B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
8149 =item USING NPH SCRIPTS
8151 In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
8156 multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
8158 =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
8160 B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
8161 basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
8163 =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
8165 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8169 Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
8170 (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
8171 (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
8172 (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
8173 (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
8174 (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
8175 (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
8176 MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
8177 (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
8178 Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
8179 MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
8180 ...and many many more..
8182 =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
8190 =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
8200 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8208 =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
8217 =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
8219 =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
8223 =item Changing the default message
8227 =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
8237 =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
8245 =item USING CGI::Cookie
8247 B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
8251 =item Creating New Cookies
8253 =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
8255 =item Recovering Previous Cookies
8257 =item Manipulating Cookies
8259 B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
8263 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8271 =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
8279 =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
8281 =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
8283 =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
8285 =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
8289 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8297 =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
8307 =item Tags that won't be formatted
8309 =item Customizing the Indenting
8321 =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
8329 =item USING CGI::Push
8331 -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
8335 =item Heterogeneous Pages
8337 =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
8341 =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
8343 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8351 =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
8361 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8369 =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
8377 =item AUTHOR INFORMATION
8383 =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
8393 =item Interactive Mode
8395 Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
8396 install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
8397 distribution, ls author, Signals
8405 =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
8407 =item Programmer's interface
8409 expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
8411 =item Methods in the other Classes
8413 CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
8414 CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
8415 CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
8416 CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
8417 CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
8418 CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
8419 CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
8420 CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
8421 CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
8422 CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
8423 CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
8424 CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
8425 CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
8426 CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
8427 CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
8428 CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
8429 CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
8430 CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
8431 CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
8432 CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
8433 CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
8434 CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
8435 CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
8436 CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
8437 CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
8438 CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
8446 =item Finding packages and VERSION
8450 =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
8456 C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
8457 E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
8458 optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
8459 [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
8463 =item Note on urllist parameter's format
8465 =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
8473 =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
8475 =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
8479 =item Three basic types of firewalls
8481 http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
8483 =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
8489 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
8501 =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
8511 =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
8524 =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
8534 =item Forcing a Stack Trace
8542 =head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
8544 =head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
8554 the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
8555 Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
8556 Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
8558 =item CAUTIONARY NOTES
8566 =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
8576 =item The C<struct()> function
8578 =item Class Creation at Compile Time
8580 =item Element Types and Accessor Methods
8582 Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
8583 C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
8585 =item Initializing with C<new>
8591 Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
8593 =item Author and Modification History
8597 =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
8605 myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
8617 C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o>
8621 C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
8622 C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
8623 C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
8628 C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>,
8629 C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
8633 C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
8634 C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
8635 C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
8636 C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
8637 C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
8638 C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh>
8642 C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
8643 C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>,
8644 C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
8645 C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
8646 C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>,
8647 C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>,
8648 C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
8649 C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>,
8650 C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>,
8651 C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>,
8652 C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>,
8653 C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>,
8654 C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>,
8655 C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>,
8656 C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>,
8657 C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
8658 C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>,
8659 C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>,
8660 C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
8661 C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
8662 C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
8663 C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>,
8664 C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
8665 C<d_htonl>, C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>,
8666 C<d_isascii>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>,
8667 C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>,
8668 C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>,
8669 C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>,
8670 C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>,
8671 C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>,
8672 C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
8673 C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
8674 C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
8675 C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>,
8676 C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
8677 C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
8678 C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
8679 C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
8680 C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
8681 C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>,
8682 C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>,
8683 C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>,
8684 C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_realpath>, C<d_recvmsg>, C<d_rename>,
8685 C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>,
8686 C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>,
8687 C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>,
8688 C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>,
8689 C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setitimer>,
8690 C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>,
8691 C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>,
8692 C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
8693 C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>,
8694 C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>,
8695 C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>,
8696 C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>,
8697 C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
8698 C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>,
8699 C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>,
8700 C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>,
8701 C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>,
8702 C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strftime>,
8703 C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>,
8704 C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>,
8705 C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
8706 C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
8707 C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
8708 C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
8709 C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>,
8710 C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>,
8711 C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>,
8712 C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>,
8713 C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>,
8714 C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>, C<db_version_patch>,
8715 C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>,
8716 C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext>
8720 C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>,
8721 C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions>
8725 C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
8726 C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
8731 C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>,
8732 C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
8736 C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
8740 C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
8741 C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>,
8742 C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>,
8743 C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_libutil>,
8744 C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>,
8745 C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>,
8746 C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>,
8747 C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>,
8748 C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>,
8749 C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>,
8750 C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>,
8751 C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>,
8752 C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>,
8753 C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>,
8754 C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>,
8755 C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>,
8756 C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>,
8757 C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>,
8758 C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>,
8759 C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
8760 C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>,
8761 C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
8762 C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>,
8767 C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
8771 C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
8772 C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
8773 C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
8774 C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
8775 C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>,
8776 C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype>
8780 C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
8781 C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
8782 C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
8786 C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
8787 C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
8791 C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
8792 C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
8793 C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>,
8794 C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype>
8798 C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
8799 C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
8803 C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
8804 C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
8808 C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
8809 C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
8810 C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
8811 C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
8815 C<quadkind>, C<quadtype>
8819 C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>,
8820 C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
8824 C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
8825 C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>,
8826 C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>,
8827 C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>,
8828 C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>,
8829 C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
8830 C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
8831 C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
8832 C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
8833 C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
8834 C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>,
8835 C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>,
8836 C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>,
8837 C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
8841 C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
8842 C<timetype>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>
8846 C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
8847 C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
8848 C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
8849 C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
8850 C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
8851 C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
8852 C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
8853 C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
8854 C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
8858 C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
8859 C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
8860 C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
8864 C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
8868 C<yacc>, C<yaccflags>
8880 =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
8890 =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
8902 =item Global Variables
8904 $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
8905 @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
8910 CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
8911 CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
8913 =item Client Callback Methods
8915 CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
8916 CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
8917 CLIENT->output(LIST)
8927 =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
8935 B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
8939 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3
8941 =item Interface to Berkeley DB
8943 =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
8945 =item Default Parameters
8947 =item In Memory Databases
8955 =item A Simple Example
8963 =item Changing the BTREE sort order
8965 =item Handling Duplicate Keys
8967 =item The get_dup() Method
8969 =item The find_dup() Method
8971 =item The del_dup() Method
8973 =item Matching Partial Keys
8981 =item The 'bval' Option
8983 =item A Simple Example
8985 =item Extra RECNO Methods
8987 B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
8988 B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
8991 =item Another Example
8995 =item THE API INTERFACE
8997 B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
8998 $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
8999 $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
9000 $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
9004 B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
9005 B<filter_fetch_value>
9011 =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
9013 =item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
9017 =item HINTS AND TIPS
9021 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd
9023 =item Safe ways to lock a database
9025 B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
9027 =item Sharing Databases With C Applications
9029 =item The untie() Gotcha
9033 =item COMMON QUESTIONS
9037 =item Why is there Perl source in my database?
9039 =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
9041 =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
9043 =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
9063 =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
9064 printing and C<eval>
9076 I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
9077 I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
9078 I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
9085 =item Configuration Variables or Methods
9087 $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9088 $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9089 $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9090 $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9091 $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9092 $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9093 $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9094 $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9095 $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9096 $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9097 $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
9098 $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>)
9118 =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
9126 =item PROFILE FORMAT
9138 =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
9148 =item Memory footprint debugging
9156 =item A simple scalar string
9158 =item A simple scalar number
9160 =item A simple scalar with an extra reference
9162 =item A reference to a simple scalar
9164 =item A reference to an array
9166 =item A reference to a hash
9168 =item Dumping a large array or hash
9170 =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
9172 =item A reference to a subroutine
9186 =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
9196 =head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
9204 I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
9208 $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
9209 Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
9210 $ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
9218 =head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
9228 md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
9232 $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
9233 $md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
9245 =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
9257 =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
9269 C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
9270 C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>,
9271 C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
9276 dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump,
9277 veryCompact, set, get
9283 =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
9291 @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
9292 @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
9293 dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
9294 dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
9301 =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
9314 =head2 Encode - character encodings
9332 =item Characteristics of an Encoding
9334 =item Types of Encodings
9336 Fixed length 8-bit (or less) encodings, Fixed length 16-bit encodings,
9337 Fixed length 32-bit encodings, Multi-byte encodings, "Escape" encodings
9339 =item Specifying Encodings
9341 1. By name, 2. As an object
9343 =item Encoding Names
9345 The MIME name as defined in IETF RFC-XXXX, The name in the IANA registry,
9346 The name used by the the organization that defined it
9350 =item PERL ENCODING API
9354 =item Generic Encoding Interface
9356 =item Handling Malformed Data
9358 Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
9362 =item Other Encodings of Unicode
9364 =item Listing available encodings
9366 =item Defining Aliases
9368 As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
9371 =item Defining Encodings
9375 =item Encoding and IO
9377 =item Encoding How to ...
9379 IO with mixed content (faking iso-2020-*), MIME's Content-Length:, UTF-8
9380 strings in binary data, Perl/Encode wrappers on non-Unicode XS modules
9382 =item Messing with Perl's Internals
9384 is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), valid_utf8(STRING)
9386 =item IMPLEMENTATION CLASSES
9388 -E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>encode($string,$check),
9389 -E<gt>decode($octets,$check)
9393 =item Compiled Encodings
9395 .enc, .ucm, .ucm, .c, .xs, ascii and iso-8859-*, IBM-1047 and two other
9396 variants of EBCDIC, symbol and dingbats as used by Tk on X11
9404 =head2 Encode::EncodeFormat, EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables
9405 of the Encode extension
9411 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9419 =head2 Encode::Tcl - Tcl encodings
9421 =head2 EncodeFormat - the format of encoding tables of the Encode extension
9427 [1] B<S>, [2] B<D>, [3] B<M>, [4] B<E>
9435 =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
9448 =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
9463 =head2 Errno - System errno constants
9479 =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
9491 =item Selecting What To Export
9493 =item Specialised Import Lists
9495 =item Exporting without using Export's import method
9497 =item Module Version Checking
9499 =item Managing Unknown Symbols
9501 =item Tag Handling Utility Functions
9507 =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
9517 =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
9538 mv source... destination
9540 cp source... destination
9558 =head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
9568 IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, PVN, YES, NO, UNDEF
9578 memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
9580 assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
9582 return_clause VALUE, TYPE, INDENT, MACRO, DEFAULT, PRE, POST, PRE, POST
9584 switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
9590 C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
9593 XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9595 autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
9597 WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
9598 BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
9606 =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
9618 xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
9619 ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
9629 =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
9639 =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
9651 new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
9652 packlist(), version()
9660 =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
9668 For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions
9674 =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
9684 =item VMS implementation
9686 =item Win32 implementation
9694 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9703 canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
9707 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9734 test_via_harness (o)
9736 tool_autosplit (override)
9754 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9769 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
9781 =item Preloaded methods
9801 =item SelfLoaded methods
9847 file_name_is_absolute
9853 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
9893 maybe_command_in_dirs
9931 replace_manpage_separator
9945 test_via_harness (o)
9977 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
9988 =item Methods always loaded
10000 =item SelfLoaded methods
10002 guess_name (override)
10006 find_perl (override)
10010 maybe_command (override)
10012 maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
10014 perl_script (override)
10016 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10018 replace_manpage_separator
10020 init_others (override)
10022 constants (override)
10026 const_cccmd (override)
10028 pm_to_blib (override)
10030 tool_autosplit (override)
10032 tool_sxubpp (override)
10034 xsubpp_version (override)
10036 tools_other (override)
10046 top_targets (override)
10050 dynamic_lib (override)
10052 dynamic_bs (override)
10054 static_lib (override)
10056 manifypods (override)
10058 processPL (override)
10060 installbin (override)
10062 subdir_x (override)
10066 realclean (override)
10068 dist_basics (override)
10070 dist_core (override)
10072 dist_dir (override)
10074 dist_test (override)
10078 perldepend (override)
10080 makefile (override)
10084 test_via_harness (override)
10086 test_via_script (override)
10088 makeaperl (override)
10090 nicetext (override)
10092 =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
10093 ExtUtils::MakeMaker
10119 test_via_harness (o)
10121 tool_autosplit (override)
10139 =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
10149 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL
10151 =item Default Makefile Behaviour
10159 =item PREFIX and LIB attribute
10163 =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
10165 =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
10167 =item Which architecture dependent directory?
10169 =item Using Attributes and Parameters
10171 ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
10172 CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
10173 EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS,
10174 HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
10175 INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR,
10176 INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
10177 INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
10178 INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
10179 INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE,
10180 MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME,
10181 NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC,
10182 PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
10183 PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
10184 PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION,
10185 VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
10187 =item Additional lowercase attributes
10189 clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
10192 =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
10194 =item Hintsfile support
10196 =item Distribution Support
10198 make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
10199 make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make
10200 shdist, make zipdist, make ci
10202 =item Disabling an extension
10216 =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
10224 =item MANIFEST.SKIP
10228 =item GLOBAL VARIABLES
10232 C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>,
10233 C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
10237 B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
10245 =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
10257 =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
10267 =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
10276 DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
10284 =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
10296 new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
10304 =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
10314 =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
10326 =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
10336 =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS
10340 =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
10348 fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
10352 C<basename>, C<dirname>
10356 =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
10366 =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
10380 =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
10390 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
10392 rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
10404 =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
10412 =item EXPORTS (by request only)
10424 =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree
10432 C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
10433 C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
10434 C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
10444 =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
10452 C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
10453 C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
10454 C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
10458 C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
10466 =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
10478 =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
10492 =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
10526 =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
10544 =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS
10572 file_name_is_absolute
10592 =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
10602 =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec
10634 file_name_is_absolute
10656 =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
10672 =item Methods always loaded
10674 canonpath (override)
10692 case_tolerant (override)
10696 file_name_is_absolute (override)
10698 splitpath (override)
10700 splitdir (override)
10714 =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
10744 =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
10768 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS
10782 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS
10792 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
10800 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS
10808 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES
10810 B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
10822 =item Temporary files and NFS
10834 =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
10848 =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
10860 =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
10868 $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
10874 =head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
10888 =item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
10890 =item All-in-one interface
10902 =head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
10912 =item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
10916 =item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
10918 B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
10926 =item Example 1: A simple filter.
10928 =item Example 2: Using the context
10930 =item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
10932 =item Example 4: Using filter_del
10936 =item Filter::Simple
10944 =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
10952 =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
10962 =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
10978 =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
10986 =item Command Line Options, an Introduction
10988 =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
10992 =item Simple options
10994 =item A little bit less simple options
10996 =item Mixing command line option with other arguments
10998 =item Options with values
11000 =item Options with multiple values
11002 =item Options with hash values
11004 =item User-defined subroutines to handle options
11006 =item Options with multiple names
11008 =item Case and abbreviations
11010 =item Summary of Option Specifications
11012 !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ]
11016 =item Advanced Possibilities
11020 =item Object oriented interface
11022 =item Documentation and help texts
11024 =item Storing options in a hash
11028 =item The lonesome dash
11030 =item Argument call-back
11034 =item Configuring Getopt::Long
11036 default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
11037 require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
11038 (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
11039 (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
11040 prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
11042 =item Return values and Errors
11048 =item Default destinations
11050 =item Alternative option starters
11052 =item Configuration variables
11056 =item Trouble Shooting
11060 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
11062 =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
11069 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11073 =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
11084 =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
11095 =head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
11106 the function is_language_tag($lang1)
11108 the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
11110 the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11112 the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
11114 the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
11116 the function super_languages($lang1)
11118 the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
11120 the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
11122 the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
11126 =item ABOUT LOWERCASING
11128 =item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
11138 =head2 I18N::LangTags::List, I18n::LangTags::List -- list of tags for human
11145 =item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
11147 =item LIST OF LANGUAGES
11149 I<{ab}> : Abkhazian, I<{ace}> : Achinese, I<{ach}> : Acoli, I<{ada}> :
11150 Adangme, I<{aa}> : Afar, I<{afh}> : Afrihili, I<{af}> : Afrikaans,
11151 [I<{afa}> : Afro-Asiatic (Other)], I<{aka}> : Akan, I<{akk}> : Akkadian,
11152 I<{sq}> : Albanian, I<{ale}> : Aleut, [I<{alg}> : Algonquian languages],
11153 [I<{tut}> : Altaic (Other)], I<{am}> : Amharic, I<{i-ami}> : Ami, [I<{apa}>
11154 : Apache languages], I<{ar}> : Arabic, I<{arc}> : Aramaic, I<{arp}> :
11155 Arapaho, I<{arn}> : Araucanian, I<{arw}> : Arawak, I<{hy}> : Armenian,
11156 [I<{art}> : Artificial (Other)], I<{as}> : Assamese, [I<{ath}> : Athapascan
11157 languages], [I<{aus}> : Australian languages], [I<{map}> : Austronesian
11158 (Other)], I<{ava}> : Avaric, I<{ae}> : Avestan, I<{awa}> : Awadhi, I<{ay}>
11159 : Aymara, I<{az}> : Azerbaijani, I<{ban}> : Balinese, [I<{bat}> : Baltic
11160 (Other)], I<{bal}> : Baluchi, I<{bam}> : Bambara, [I<{bai}> : Bamileke
11161 languages], I<{bad}> : Banda, [I<{bnt}> : Bantu (Other)], I<{bas}> : Basa,
11162 I<{ba}> : Bashkir, I<{eu}> : Basque, I<{btk}> : Batak (Indonesia), I<{bej}>
11163 : Beja, I<{be}> : Belarusian, I<{bem}> : Bemba, I<{bn}> : Bengali,
11164 [I<{ber}> : Berber (Other)], I<{bho}> : Bhojpuri, I<{bh}> : Bihari,
11165 I<{bik}> : Bikol, I<{bin}> : Bini, I<{bi}> : Bislama, I<{bs}> : Bosnian,
11166 I<{bra}> : Braj, I<{br}> : Breton, I<{bug}> : Buginese, I<{bg}> :
11167 Bulgarian, I<{i-bnn}> : Bunun, I<{bua}> : Buriat, I<{my}> : Burmese,
11168 I<{cad}> : Caddo, I<{car}> : Carib, I<{ca}> : Catalan, [I<{cau}> :
11169 Caucasian (Other)], I<{ceb}> : Cebuano, [I<{cel}> : Celtic (Other)],
11170 [I<{cai}> : Central American Indian (Other)], I<{chg}> : Chagatai,
11171 [I<{cmc}> : Chamic languages], I<{ch}> : Chamorro, I<{ce}> : Chechen,
11172 I<{chr}> : Cherokee, I<{chy}> : Cheyenne, I<{chb}> : Chibcha, I<{ny}> :
11173 Chichewa, I<{zh}> : Chinese, I<{chn}> : Chinook Jargon, I<{chp}> :
11174 Chipewyan, I<{cho}> : Choctaw, I<{cu}> : Church Slavic, I<{chk}> :
11175 Chuukese, I<{cv}> : Chuvash, I<{cop}> : Coptic, I<{kw}> : Cornish, I<{co}>
11176 : Corsican, I<{cre}> : Cree, I<{mus}> : Creek, [I<{cpe}> : English-based
11177 Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [I<{cpf}> : French-based Creoles and pidgins
11178 (Other)], [I<{cpp}> : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
11179 [I<{crp}> : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], I<{hr}> : Croatian, [I<{cus}> :
11180 Cushitic (Other)], I<{cs}> : Czech, I<{dak}> : Dakota, I<{da}> : Danish,
11181 I<{day}> : Dayak, I<{i-default}> : Default (Fallthru) Language, I<{del}> :
11182 Delaware, I<{din}> : Dinka, I<{div}> : Divehi, I<{doi}> : Dogri, I<{dgr}> :
11183 Dogrib, [I<{dra}> : Dravidian (Other)], I<{dua}> : Duala, I<{nl}> : Dutch,
11184 I<{dum}> : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), I<{dyu}> : Dyula, I<{dz}> :
11185 Dzongkha, I<{efi}> : Efik, I<{egy}> : Ancient Egyptian, I<{eka}> : Ekajuk,
11186 I<{elx}> : Elamite, I<{en}> : English, I<{enm}> : Old English (1100-1500),
11187 I<{ang}> : Old English (ca.450-1100), I<{eo}> : Esperanto, I<{et}> :
11188 Estonian, I<{ewe}> : Ewe, I<{ewo}> : Ewondo, I<{fan}> : Fang, I<{fat}> :
11189 Fanti, I<{fo}> : Faroese, I<{fj}> : Fijian, I<{fi}> : Finnish, [I<{fiu}> :
11190 Finno-Ugrian (Other)], I<{fon}> : Fon, I<{fr}> : French, I<{frm}> : Middle
11191 French (ca.1400-1600), I<{fro}> : Old French (842-ca.1400), I<{fy}> :
11192 Frisian, I<{fur}> : Friulian, I<{ful}> : Fulah, I<{gaa}> : Ga, I<{gd}> :
11193 Scots Gaelic, I<{gl}> : Gallegan, I<{lug}> : Ganda, I<{gay}> : Gayo,
11194 I<{gba}> : Gbaya, I<{gez}> : Geez, I<{ka}> : Georgian, I<{de}> : German,
11195 I<{gmh}> : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), I<{goh}> : Old High German
11196 (ca.750-1050), [I<{gem}> : Germanic (Other)], I<{gil}> : Gilbertese,
11197 I<{gon}> : Gondi, I<{gor}> : Gorontalo, I<{got}> : Gothic, I<{grb}> :
11198 Grebo, I<{grc}> : Ancient Greek (to 1453), I<{el}> : Modern Greek (1453-),
11199 I<{gn}> : Guarani, I<{gu}> : Gujarati, I<{gwi}> : Gwich'in, I<{hai}> :
11200 Haida, I<{ha}> : Hausa, I<{haw}> : Hawaiian, I<{he}> : Hebrew, I<{hz}> :
11201 Herero, I<{hil}> : Hiligaynon, I<{him}> : Himachali, I<{hi}> : Hindi,
11202 I<{ho}> : Hiri Motu, I<{hit}> : Hittite, I<{hmn}> : Hmong, I<{hu}> :
11203 Hungarian, I<{hup}> : Hupa, I<{iba}> : Iban, I<{is}> : Icelandic, I<{ibo}>
11204 : Igbo, I<{ijo}> : Ijo, I<{ilo}> : Iloko, [I<{inc}> : Indic (Other)],
11205 [I<{ine}> : Indo-European (Other)], I<{id}> : Indonesian, I<{ia}> :
11206 Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association), I<{ie}> :
11207 Interlingue, I<{iu}> : Inuktitut, I<{ik}> : Inupiaq, [I<{ira}> : Iranian
11208 (Other)], I<{ga}> : Irish, I<{mga}> : Middle Irish (900-1200), I<{sga}> :
11209 Old Irish (to 900), [I<{iro}> : Iroquoian languages], I<{it}> : Italian,
11210 I<{ja}> : Japanese, I<{jw}> : Javanese, I<{jrb}> : Judeo-Arabic, I<{jpr}> :
11211 Judeo-Persian, I<{kab}> : Kabyle, I<{kac}> : Kachin, I<{kl}> : Kalaallisut,
11212 I<{kam}> : Kamba, I<{kn}> : Kannada, I<{kau}> : Kanuri, I<{kaa}> :
11213 Kara-Kalpak, I<{kar}> : Karen, I<{ks}> : Kashmiri, I<{kaw}> : Kawi, I<{kk}>
11214 : Kazakh, I<{kha}> : Khasi, I<{km}> : Khmer, [I<{khi}> : Khoisan (Other)],
11215 I<{kho}> : Khotanese, I<{ki}> : Kikuyu, I<{kmb}> : Kimbundu, I<{rw}> :
11216 Kinyarwanda, I<{ky}> : Kirghiz, I<{i-klingon}> : Klingon, I<{kv}> : Komi,
11217 I<{kon}> : Kongo, I<{kok}> : Konkani, I<{ko}> : Korean, I<{kos}> :
11218 Kosraean, I<{kpe}> : Kpelle, I<{kro}> : Kru, I<{kj}> : Kuanyama, I<{kum}> :
11219 Kumyk, I<{ku}> : Kurdish, I<{kru}> : Kurukh, I<{kut}> : Kutenai, I<{lad}> :
11220 Ladino, I<{lah}> : Lahnda, I<{lam}> : Lamba, I<{lo}> : Lao, I<{la}> :
11221 Latin, I<{lv}> : Latvian, I<{lb}> : Letzeburgesch, I<{lez}> : Lezghian,
11222 I<{ln}> : Lingala, I<{lt}> : Lithuanian, I<{nds}> : Low German, I<{loz}> :
11223 Lozi, I<{lub}> : Luba-Katanga, I<{lua}> : Luba-Lulua, I<{lui}> : Luiseno,
11224 I<{lun}> : Lunda, I<{luo}> : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), I<{lus}> : Lushai,
11225 I<{mk}> : Macedonian, I<{mad}> : Madurese, I<{mag}> : Magahi, I<{mai}> :
11226 Maithili, I<{mak}> : Makasar, I<{mg}> : Malagasy, I<{ms}> : Malay, I<{ml}>
11227 : Malayalam, I<{mt}> : Maltese, I<{mnc}> : Manchu, I<{mdr}> : Mandar,
11228 I<{man}> : Mandingo, I<{mni}> : Manipuri, [I<{mno}> : Manobo languages],
11229 I<{gv}> : Manx, I<{mi}> : Maori, I<{mr}> : Marathi, I<{chm}> : Mari,
11230 I<{mh}> : Marshall, I<{mwr}> : Marwari, I<{mas}> : Masai, [I<{myn}> : Mayan
11231 languages], I<{men}> : Mende, I<{mic}> : Micmac, I<{min}> : Minangkabau,
11232 I<{i-mingo}> : Mingo, [I<{mis}> : Miscellaneous languages], I<{moh}> :
11233 Mohawk, I<{mo}> : Moldavian, [I<{mkh}> : Mon-Khmer (Other)], I<{lol}> :
11234 Mongo, I<{mn}> : Mongolian, I<{mos}> : Mossi, [I<{mul}> : Multiple
11235 languages], [I<{mun}> : Munda languages], I<{nah}> : Nahuatl, I<{na}> :
11236 Nauru, I<{nv}> : Navajo, I<{nd}> : North Ndebele, I<{nr}> : South Ndebele,
11237 I<{ng}> : Ndonga, I<{ne}> : Nepali, I<{new}> : Newari, I<{nia}> : Nias,
11238 [I<{nic}> : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [I<{ssa}> : Nilo-Saharan (Other)],
11239 I<{niu}> : Niuean, I<{non}> : Old Norse, [I<{nai}> : North American
11240 Indian], I<{se}> : Northern Sami, I<{no}> : Norwegian, I<{nb}> : Norwegian
11241 BokmE<aring>l, I<{nn}> : Norwegian Nynorsk, [I<{nub}> : Nubian languages],
11242 I<{nym}> : Nyamwezi, I<{nyn}> : Nyankole, I<{nyo}> : Nyoro, I<{nzi}> :
11243 Nzima, I<{oc}> : Occitan (post 1500), I<{oji}> : Ojibwa, I<{or}> : Oriya,
11244 I<{om}> : Oromo, I<{osa}> : Osage, I<{os}> : Ossetian; Ossetic, [I<{oto}> :
11245 Otomian languages], I<{pal}> : Pahlavi, I<{i-pwn}> : Paiwan, I<{pau}> :
11246 Palauan, I<{pi}> : Pali, I<{pam}> : Pampanga, I<{pag}> : Pangasinan,
11247 I<{pa}> : Panjabi, I<{pap}> : Papiamento, [I<{paa}> : Papuan (Other)],
11248 I<{fa}> : Persian, I<{peo}> : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.), [I<{phi}> :
11249 Philippine (Other)], I<{phn}> : Phoenician, I<{pon}> : Pohnpeian, I<{pl}> :
11250 Polish, I<{pt}> : Portuguese, [I<{pra}> : Prakrit languages], I<{pro}> :
11251 Old ProvenE<ccedil>al (to 1500), I<{ps}> : Pushto, I<{qu}> : Quechua,
11252 I<{rm}> : Raeto-Romance, I<{raj}> : Rajasthani, I<{rap}> : Rapanui,
11253 I<{rar}> : Rarotongan, [I<{qaa}>-I<qtz> : Reserved for local use.],
11254 [I<{roa}> : Romance (Other)], I<{ro}> : Romanian, I<{rom}> : Romany,
11255 I<{rn}> : Rundi, I<{ru}> : Russian, [I<{sal}> : Salishan languages],
11256 I<{sam}> : Samaritan Aramaic, [I<{smi}> : Sami languages (Other)], I<{sm}>
11257 : Samoan, I<{sad}> : Sandawe, I<{sg}> : Sango, I<{sa}> : Sanskrit, I<{sat}>
11258 : Santali, I<{sc}> : Sardinian, I<{sas}> : Sasak, I<{sco}> : Scots,
11259 I<{sel}> : Selkup, [I<{sem}> : Semitic (Other)], I<{sr}> : Serbian,
11260 I<{srr}> : Serer, I<{shn}> : Shan, I<{sn}> : Shona, I<{sid}> : Sidamo,
11261 I<{sgn-...}> : Sign Languages, I<{bla}> : Siksika, I<{sd}> : Sindhi,
11262 I<{si}> : Sinhalese, [I<{sit}> : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [I<{sio}> : Siouan
11263 languages], I<{den}> : Slave (Athapascan), [I<{sla}> : Slavic (Other)],
11264 I<{sk}> : Slovak, I<{sl}> : Slovenian, I<{sog}> : Sogdian, I<{so}> :
11265 Somali, I<{son}> : Songhai, I<{snk}> : Soninke, I<{wen}> : Sorbian
11266 languages, I<{nso}> : Northern Sotho, I<{st}> : Southern Sotho, [I<{sai}> :
11267 South American Indian (Other)], I<{es}> : Spanish, I<{suk}> : Sukuma,
11268 I<{sux}> : Sumerian, I<{su}> : Sundanese, I<{sus}> : Susu, I<{sw}> :
11269 Swahili, I<{ss}> : Swati, I<{sv}> : Swedish, I<{syr}> : Syriac, I<{tl}> :
11270 Tagalog, I<{ty}> : Tahitian, [I<{tai}> : Tai (Other)], I<{tg}> : Tajik,
11271 I<{tmh}> : Tamashek, I<{ta}> : Tamil, I<{i-tao}> : Tao, I<{tt}> : Tatar,
11272 I<{i-tay}> : Tayal, I<{te}> : Telugu, I<{ter}> : Tereno, I<{tet}> : Tetum,
11273 I<{th}> : Thai, I<{bo}> : Tibetan, I<{tig}> : Tigre, I<{ti}> : Tigrinya,
11274 I<{tem}> : Timne, I<{tiv}> : Tiv, I<{tli}> : Tlingit, I<{tpi}> : Tok Pisin,
11275 I<{tkl}> : Tokelau, I<{tog}> : Tonga (Nyasa), I<{to}> : Tonga (Tonga
11276 Islands), I<{tsi}> : Tsimshian, I<{ts}> : Tsonga, I<{i-tsu}> : Tsou,
11277 I<{tn}> : Tswana, I<{tum}> : Tumbuka, I<{tr}> : Turkish, I<{ota}> : Ottoman
11278 Turkish (1500-1928), I<{tk}> : Turkmen, I<{tvl}> : Tuvalu, I<{tyv}> :
11279 Tuvinian, I<{tw}> : Twi, I<{uga}> : Ugaritic, I<{ug}> : Uighur, I<{uk}> :
11280 Ukrainian, I<{umb}> : Umbundu, I<{und}> : Undetermined, I<{ur}> : Urdu,
11281 I<{uz}> : Uzbek, I<{vai}> : Vai, I<{ven}> : Venda, I<{vi}> : Vietnamese,
11282 I<{vo}> : VolapE<uuml>k, I<{vot}> : Votic, [I<{wak}> : Wakashan languages],
11283 I<{wal}> : Walamo, I<{war}> : Waray, I<{was}> : Washo, I<{cy}> : Welsh,
11284 I<{wo}> : Wolof, I<{x-...}> : Unregistered (Private Use), I<{xh}> : Xhosa,
11285 I<{sah}> : Yakut, I<{yao}> : Yao, I<{yap}> : Yapese, I<{yi}> : Yiddish,
11286 I<{yo}> : Yoruba, [I<{ypk}> : Yupik languages], I<{znd}> : Zande, [I<{zap}>
11287 : Zapotec], I<{zen}> : Zenaga, I<{za}> : Zhuang, I<{zu}> : Zulu, I<{zun}> :
11292 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
11298 =head2 IO - load various IO modules
11308 =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
11316 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11317 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11327 =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11337 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11341 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11349 =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
11359 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11363 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11364 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11365 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11366 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11378 =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11388 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11392 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11402 =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11412 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11413 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11423 =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
11431 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11432 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11441 =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
11451 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11455 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11456 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11457 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11467 =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
11481 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11482 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11492 =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
11508 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11521 =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
11535 hostpath(), peerpath()
11545 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
11554 new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
11555 rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
11565 =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
11575 new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
11579 open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
11587 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
11598 new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
11602 $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
11603 $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
11604 $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
11605 $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
11617 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
11627 new ( [READER, WRITER] )
11631 reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
11641 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
11651 mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
11652 IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
11662 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
11671 $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
11672 WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
11681 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
11692 new ( [ HANDLES ] )
11696 add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
11697 [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
11698 count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
11708 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
11723 accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
11724 protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
11734 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
11735 AF_INET domain sockets
11751 sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
11764 =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
11765 AF_UNIX domain sockets
11779 hostpath(), peerpath()
11789 =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11799 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11800 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11811 =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
11825 =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
11838 =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
11848 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11849 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11850 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11861 =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
11879 =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
11889 new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
11890 ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
11901 =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
11912 new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
11913 getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
11914 set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
11925 =head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
11933 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
11934 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
11936 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
11942 =head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
11943 general-utility list subroutines
11951 first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
11952 BLOCK LIST, sum LIST
11954 =item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
11960 =head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
11961 general-utility scalar subroutines
11969 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
11970 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
11978 =head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
11986 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
11990 Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency
11998 =head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
12010 B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
12016 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12018 code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
12019 country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
12025 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12027 C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
12033 =item CODE ALIASING
12043 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12047 Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, ISO 3166,
12048 http://www.din.de/gremien/nas/nabd/iso3166ma/,
12049 http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
12050 http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-f.html
12058 =head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
12059 identification (ISO 4217)
12077 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12079 code2currency(), currency2code()
12085 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12087 C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
12095 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12099 Locale::Country, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
12107 =head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
12124 =item CONVERSION ROUTINES
12126 code2language(), language2code()
12132 =item QUERY ROUTINES
12134 C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
12142 =item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
12146 Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
12147 http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
12155 =head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
12163 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
12169 =item Construction Methods
12171 $lh = YourProjClass::langname->new();, $lh->init();,
12172 YourProjClass->fallback_languages(),
12173 YourProjClass->fallback_language_classes()
12175 =item The "maketext" Method
12177 $lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
12179 =item Utility Methods
12181 $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
12182 $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
12183 $language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
12184 $language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
12186 =item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
12190 =item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
12192 =item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
12194 =item BRACKET NOTATION
12196 =item AUTO LEXICONS
12198 =item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
12200 =item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
12204 =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
12210 =head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
12218 =item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
12222 =item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
12224 =item The Linguistic View
12226 =item Breaking gettext
12228 =item Replacing gettext
12230 =item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
12232 =item Buzzword: Isomorphism
12234 =item Buzzword: Inheritance
12236 =item Buzzword: Concision
12238 =item The Devil in the Details
12240 =item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
12248 =head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
12256 encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
12260 Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
12268 =head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
12269 of quoted-printable strings
12277 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12283 =head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
12292 encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
12298 =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
12308 =item Canonical notation
12312 =item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
12314 =item Accuracy vs. Precision
12318 ffround ( +$scale ) rounds to the $scale'th place left from the '.',
12319 counting from the dot. The first digit is numbered 1, ffround ( -$scale )
12320 rounds to the $scale'th place right from the '.', counting from the dot,
12321 ffround ( 0 ) rounds to an integer, fround ( +$scale ) preserves accuracy
12322 to $scale digits from the left (aka significant digits) and paddes the rest
12323 with zeros. If the number is between 1 and -1, the significant digits count
12324 from the first non-zero after the '.', fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
12331 use Math::BigFloat qw(bstr bint);
12333 $x = bstr("1234") # string "1234"
12334 $x = "$x"; # same as bstr()
12335 $x = bneg("1234") # BigFloat "-1234"
12336 $x = Math::BigFloat->bneg("1234"); # BigFloat "1234"
12337 $x = Math::BigFloat->babs("-12345"); # BigFloat "12345"
12338 $x = Math::BigFloat->bnorm("-0 00"); # BigFloat "0"
12339 $x = bint(1) + bint(2); # BigFloat "3"
12340 $x = bint(1) + "2"; # ditto (auto-BigFloatify of "2")
12341 $x = bint(1); # BigFloat "1"
12342 $x = $x + 5 / 2; # BigFloat "3"
12343 $x = $x ** 3; # BigFloat "27"
12344 $x *= 2; # BigFloat "54"
12345 $x = new Math::BigFloat; # BigFloat "0"
12346 $x--; # BigFloat "-1"
12348 =item Autocreating constants
12356 stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
12364 =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
12372 Canonical notation, Input, Output
12378 bfround ( +$scale ) rounds to the $scale'th place left from the '.', bround
12379 ( +$scale ) preserves accuracy to $scale sighnificant digits counted from
12380 the left and paddes the number with zeros, bround ( -$scale ) preserves
12381 accuracy to $scale significant digits counted from the right and paddes the
12386 =item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
12390 =item Autocreating constants
12396 :constant and eval()
12400 stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow,
12401 Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types, bsqrt()
12409 =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
12422 =item STRINGIFICATION
12426 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
12432 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
12434 =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
12442 =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
12450 =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
12456 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
12458 =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
12462 =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12464 =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
12468 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS
12470 =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
12472 cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
12473 cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
12477 =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
12483 =item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
12493 =head2 Memoize - Make your functions faster by trading space for time
12511 =item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
12513 C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
12517 =item OTHER FACILITIES
12523 =item C<flush_cache>
12529 =item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
12531 =item EXPIRATION SUPPORT
12543 =head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
12552 =head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
12563 TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE
12575 =head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
12583 =head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
12591 =head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
12600 =head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
12609 =head2 Memoize::Saves - Plug-in module to specify which return values
12626 =head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
12634 =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
12642 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
12648 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
12652 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
12656 =head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
12666 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
12672 =head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
12682 debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
12685 =item CLASS METHODS
12687 debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
12688 ]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
12689 ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot ()
12699 =head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
12709 requires_firewall HOST
12711 =item NetConfig VALUES
12713 nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
12714 time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_ext_passive, ftp_int_pasive,
12715 local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
12719 =head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
12728 hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
12736 =head2 Net::DummyInetd - A dummy Inetd server
12758 =head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
12770 new (HOST [,OPTIONS])
12774 login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
12775 site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
12776 ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
12777 ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), rmdir ( DIR ), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE
12778 ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [,
12779 WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [,
12780 REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (),
12781 mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash (
12782 [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [
12783 DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port (
12784 [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
12785 pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait (
12786 NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
12790 =item Methods for the adventurous
12796 =item THE dataconn CLASS
12798 read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
12801 =item UNIMPLEMENTED
12803 B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
12805 =item REPORTING BUGS
12817 =head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
12827 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
12831 article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
12832 [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ]
12833 ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo (
12834 USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews (
12835 SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), slave
12840 =item Extension methods
12842 newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
12843 overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
12844 ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
12845 MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
12854 MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
12864 =head2 Net::PH - CCSO Nameserver Client class
12874 new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
12878 query( SEARCH [, RETURN ] ), change( SEARCH , MAKE ), login( USER, PASS [,
12879 ENCRYPT ]), logout(), fields( [ FIELD_LIST ] ), add( FIELD_VALUES ),
12880 delete( FIELD_VALUES ), id( [ ID ] ), status(), siteinfo(), quit()
12888 =item ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
12894 =head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1081)
12906 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
12910 user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( USER,
12911 PASS ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [,
12912 FH ] ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete (
12913 MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
12925 =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
12933 icmp, udp, tcp, stream, external
12939 Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
12940 $timeout]);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]);
12948 =head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
12960 new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
12964 banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), mail ( ADDRESS [,
12965 OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail (
12966 ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ),
12967 to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ),
12968 verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit ()
12978 =head2 Net::SNPP - Simple Network Pager Protocol Client
12992 new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
12996 reset (), help (), quit ()
13008 =head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
13016 inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
13017 PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]])
13025 =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
13042 =head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
13050 =item Where to get this document
13052 =item How to contribute to this document
13056 =item Author and Copyright Information
13064 =item Obtaining and installing libnet
13068 =item What is libnet ?
13070 =item Which version of perl do I need ?
13072 =item What other modules do I need ?
13074 =item What machines support libnet ?
13076 =item Where can I get the latest libnet release
13080 =item Using Net::FTP
13084 =item How do I download files from a FTP server ?
13086 =item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
13088 =item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
13090 =item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
13093 =item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
13095 =item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
13097 =item How do I get a directory listing from a FTP server ?
13099 =item Changeing directory to "" does not fail ?
13101 =item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
13103 =item I am behind a FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
13106 =item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
13108 =item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
13111 =item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
13114 =item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
13118 =item Using Net::SMTP
13122 =item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
13125 =item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
13127 =item The verify method always returns true ?
13131 =item Debugging scripts
13135 =item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
13139 =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
13143 =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
13160 =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
13175 =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
13192 =head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
13200 =item THE .netrc FILE
13202 machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
13207 lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
13211 login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
13221 =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
13231 =item IMPLEMENTATION
13237 =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
13245 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
13251 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
13255 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
13259 =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
13271 =item Operator Names and Operator Lists
13273 an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
13274 or optag, an operator set (opset)
13276 =item Opcode Functions
13278 opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
13279 full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
13280 define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
13283 =item Manipulating Opsets
13285 =item TO DO (maybe)
13291 =item Predefined Opcode Tags
13293 :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
13294 :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
13295 :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
13304 =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
13313 a new namespace, an operator mask
13319 =item RECENT CHANGES
13321 =item Methods in class Safe
13323 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
13324 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
13325 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
13326 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
13328 =item Some Safety Issues
13330 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
13338 =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
13351 =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
13365 _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
13366 atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
13367 clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
13368 cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
13369 execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
13370 fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
13371 fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
13372 fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
13373 getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
13374 getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
13375 iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
13376 isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
13377 longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
13378 memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
13379 opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
13380 qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
13381 rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
13382 setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
13383 sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
13384 strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
13385 strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
13386 strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
13387 tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
13388 tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
13389 unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
13396 =item POSIX::SigAction
13400 =item POSIX::SigSet
13402 new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
13404 =item POSIX::Termios
13406 new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
13407 getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
13408 setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
13409 field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
13410 values, c_oflag field values
13414 =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS
13418 =item POSIX CONSTANTS
13422 =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
13480 =head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
13489 unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, raw
13493 =item Defaults and how to override them
13503 =head2 PerlIO::Scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
13513 =head2 PerlIO::Via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
13521 $class->PUSHED([$mode][,$fh]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
13522 $class->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $class->FDOPEN($fd),
13523 $class->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,$fh), $obj->FILENO($fh),
13524 $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
13525 $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
13526 $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
13527 $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
13531 =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
13537 =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS
13543 B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
13555 empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
13556 previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
13557 without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
13558 unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
13559 interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
13560 I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
13561 number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
13562 empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
13567 multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
13568 whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
13569 no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
13570 vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
13571 items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
13572 Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
13576 ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
13577 deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
13589 C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
13591 C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
13594 C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
13596 C<$checker-E<gt>name()>
13598 C<$checker-E<gt>node()>
13600 C<$checker-E<gt>idx()>
13602 C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
13610 =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
13622 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
13624 C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
13631 =item C<simplify_name( $str )>
13637 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
13639 C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
13646 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
13658 =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
13668 backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
13669 infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
13684 =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
13697 package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
13698 B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
13704 =item B<Pod::InputSource>
13728 =item B<was_cutting()>
13734 =item B<Pod::Paragraph>
13740 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
13746 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
13752 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
13758 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13764 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
13770 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
13776 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
13782 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
13788 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
13794 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
13800 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
13806 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
13812 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
13818 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
13824 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13830 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
13836 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
13842 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
13848 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
13854 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
13860 =item B<Pod::ParseTree>
13866 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
13872 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
13878 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
13884 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
13890 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
13896 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
13902 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
13914 =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
13926 =item OBJECT METHODS
13934 =item Data Accessors
13950 B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
13952 B<StartWithNewPage>
13966 =item Subclassed methods
13980 B<interior_sequence>
13996 =item Methods for headings
14004 =item Internal methods
14010 B<_replace_special_chars>
14016 B<_clean_latex_commands>
14032 =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
14040 center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes,
14045 roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
14046 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape
14047 EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on
14048 line %d, Unmatched =back
14058 =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
14072 Pod::List-E<gt>new()
14080 $list-E<gt>indent()
14088 $list-E<gt>parent()
14094 =item Pod::Hyperlink
14096 Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
14100 $link-E<gt>parse($string)
14102 $link-E<gt>markup($string)
14106 $link-E<gt>warning()
14108 $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
14114 $link-E<gt>alttext()
14124 Pod::Cache-E<gt>new()
14130 $cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
14134 =item Pod::Cache::Item
14136 Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
14140 $cacheitem-E<gt>page()
14142 $cacheitem-E<gt>description()
14144 $cacheitem-E<gt>path()
14146 $cacheitem-E<gt>file()
14148 $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes()
14150 $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
14152 $cacheitem-E<gt>idx()
14162 =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
14174 =item QUICK OVERVIEW
14176 =item PARSING OPTIONS
14178 B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
14179 B<-warnings> (default: unset)
14185 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14193 C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14199 =item B<verbatim()>
14201 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14207 =item B<textblock()>
14209 C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
14215 =item B<interior_sequence()>
14221 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
14233 =item B<initialize()>
14239 =item B<begin_pod()>
14245 =item B<begin_input()>
14251 =item B<end_input()>
14263 =item B<preprocess_line()>
14269 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
14275 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
14281 =item B<parse_text()>
14283 B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
14284 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
14285 I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
14291 =item B<interpolate()>
14297 =item B<parse_paragraph()>
14303 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
14309 =item B<parse_from_file()>
14315 =item ACCESSOR METHODS
14321 =item B<errorsub()>
14333 =item B<parseopts()>
14339 =item B<output_file()>
14345 =item B<output_handle()>
14351 =item B<input_file()>
14357 =item B<input_handle()>
14363 =item B<input_streams()>
14369 =item B<top_stream()>
14375 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14381 =item B<_push_input_stream()>
14387 =item B<_pop_input_stream()>
14393 =item TREE-BASED PARSING
14401 =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
14421 =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
14434 =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
14436 =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
14442 =item OBJECT METHODS
14448 =item B<curr_headings()>
14460 =item B<add_selection()>
14466 =item B<clear_selections()>
14472 =item B<match_section()>
14478 =item B<is_selected()>
14484 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS
14490 =item B<podselect()>
14492 B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
14498 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
14504 =item B<_compile_section_spec()>
14510 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
14516 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
14528 =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
14536 alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
14540 Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote
14541 specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape:
14542 %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
14554 =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
14570 =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
14587 =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII
14588 text with format escapes
14602 =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
14611 C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
14620 =item Recommended Use
14628 =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
14632 =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
14640 C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
14646 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
14650 =item BUGS AND WARNINGS
14654 =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
14662 a new namespace, an operator mask
14668 =item RECENT CHANGES
14670 =item Methods in class Safe
14672 permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
14673 ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
14674 (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
14675 root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
14677 =item Some Safety Issues
14679 Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
14687 =head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
14695 blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, readonly SCALAR, reftype
14696 EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
14704 =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
14714 =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
14724 =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
14734 =item The __DATA__ token
14736 =item SelfLoader autoloading
14738 =item Autoloading and package lexicals
14740 =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
14742 =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
14744 =item Classes and inherited methods.
14748 =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
14752 =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
14762 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
14770 =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
14771 socket.h defines and structure manipulators
14779 inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
14780 INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in
14781 SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in
14782 SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN,
14783 pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
14787 =head2 Storable - persistency for perl data structures
14797 =item ADVISORY LOCKING
14801 =item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
14803 =item ERROR REPORTING
14811 C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
14816 C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
14817 C<Storable::is_retrieving>
14841 =head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
14855 =item Allowing fall-through
14857 =item Automating fall-through
14859 =item Higher-order Operations
14873 =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
14883 =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
14895 =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
14896 interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
14904 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
14905 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
14916 =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
14917 Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
14925 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
14926 setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02),
14937 =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
14947 Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
14948 comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict
14959 =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
14971 =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
14979 E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
14989 =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
14990 no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
14998 =item Minimal set of supported functions
15000 C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
15001 C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
15003 =item Additional supported functions
15005 C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
15015 =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
15041 NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
15045 =item BUGS and CAVEATS
15055 =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
15065 =item The test script output
15067 B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>,
15068 B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>, B<Skipping tests>,
15069 B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything else>
15073 B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
15096 C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
15097 %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
15098 %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
15099 %s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped%s>
15103 C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
15104 C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>,
15119 =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
15131 =head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
15141 =item General behaviour in list contexts
15145 =item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
15147 =item A note about prefixes
15149 =item C<extract_delimited>
15151 =item C<extract_bracketed>
15153 =item C<extract_tagged>
15155 C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
15156 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
15158 =item C<gen_extract_tagged>
15160 =item C<extract_quotelike>
15162 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
15164 =item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
15166 [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
15168 =item C<extract_codeblock>
15170 =item C<extract_multiple>
15172 =item C<gen_delimited_pat>
15178 C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
15179 C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
15180 operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
15181 C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
15182 C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
15183 bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
15184 quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
15185 after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
15186 C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
15187 "%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
15188 /%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
15189 nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
15194 =item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
15200 =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
15215 =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
15232 =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
15247 =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
15261 =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to
15274 new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;,
15275 Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
15276 cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
15280 join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
15288 =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
15296 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15298 new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
15304 =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
15312 =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
15314 new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
15318 =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
15330 =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
15340 =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
15348 TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
15349 FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
15350 key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
15351 SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
15359 =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
15368 TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
15369 LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
15370 READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
15371 EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
15373 =item MORE INFORMATION
15375 =item COMPATIBILITY
15379 =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes
15387 TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
15388 this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
15392 =item MORE INFORMATION
15396 =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
15414 =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
15423 TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
15425 =item MORE INFORMATION
15429 =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
15441 =head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution ualarm, usleep, and gettimeofday
15449 gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
15450 $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
15451 alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
15452 getitimer ( $which )
15468 =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
15476 =item IMPLEMENTATION
15482 =head2 Time::Piece - Object Oriented time objects
15494 =item Local Locales
15496 =item Date Calculations
15498 =item Date Comparisons
15500 =item YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss
15504 =item strftime method
15506 %%, %a, %A, %b, %B, %c, %C, %d, %D, %e, %h, %H, %I, %j, %m, %M, %n, %p, %r,
15507 %R, %S, %t, %T, %u, %U, %V, %w, %W, %x, %y, %Y, %Z
15509 =item strptime function
15511 =item Global Overriding
15529 =head2 Time::Piece::Seconds, Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert
15530 seconds to other date values
15548 =head2 Time::Seconds - a simple API to convert seconds to other date values
15566 =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
15581 =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
15596 =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
15608 =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
15616 isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa (
15617 VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD )
15621 =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
15636 =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
15647 =item System Specifics
15661 =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
15669 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
15671 Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
15672 Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
15673 Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
15674 Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
15675 Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
15676 Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
15677 Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(),
15678 Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
15679 PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
15680 Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
15681 Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
15682 SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
15683 Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
15684 Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY),
15685 Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS,
15686 PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
15692 =head2 XS::Typemap - module to test the XS typemaps distributed with perl
15710 =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
15722 =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
15724 Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
15725 don't all have manual pages yet:
15751 Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles